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Lee S, Mendoza TR, Burner DN, Muldong MT, Wu CCN, Arreola-Villanueva C, Zuniga A, Greenburg O, Zhu WY, Murtadha J, Koutouan E, Pineda N, Pham H, Kang SG, Kim HT, Pineda G, Lennon KM, Cacalano NA, Jamieson CHM, Kane CJ, Kulidjian AA, Gaasterland T, Jamieson CAM. Novel Dormancy Mechanism of Castration Resistance in Bone Metastatic Prostate Cancer Organoids. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23063203. [PMID: 35328625 PMCID: PMC8952299 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23063203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Advanced prostate cancer (PCa) patients with bone metastases are treated with androgen pathway directed therapy (APDT). However, this treatment invariably fails and the cancer becomes castration resistant. To elucidate resistance mechanisms and to provide a more predictive pre-clinical research platform reflecting tumor heterogeneity, we established organoids from a patient-derived xenograft (PDX) model of bone metastatic prostate cancer, PCSD1. APDT-resistant PDX-derived organoids (PDOs) emerged when cultured without androgen or with the anti-androgen, enzalutamide. Transcriptomics revealed up-regulation of neurogenic and steroidogenic genes and down-regulation of DNA repair, cell cycle, circadian pathways and the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-CoV-2 host viral entry factors, ACE2 and TMPRSS2. Time course analysis of the cell cycle in live cells revealed that enzalutamide induced a gradual transition into a reversible dormant state as shown here for the first time at the single cell level in the context of multi-cellular, 3D living organoids using the Fucci2BL fluorescent live cell cycle tracker system. We show here a new mechanism of castration resistance in which enzalutamide induced dormancy and novel basal-luminal-like cells in bone metastatic prostate cancer organoids. These PDX organoids can be used to develop therapies targeting dormant APDT-resistant cells and host factors required for SARS-CoV-2 viral entry.
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MESH Headings
- Androgens/pharmacology
- Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2/genetics
- Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2/metabolism
- Animals
- Benzamides/pharmacology
- Bone Neoplasms/genetics
- Bone Neoplasms/metabolism
- Bone Neoplasms/secondary
- COVID-19/genetics
- COVID-19/metabolism
- COVID-19/virology
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/drug effects
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/genetics
- Gene Expression Profiling/methods
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/drug effects
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/genetics
- Humans
- Male
- Mice
- Nitriles/pharmacology
- Organoids/metabolism
- Phenylthiohydantoin/pharmacology
- Prostatic Neoplasms/genetics
- Prostatic Neoplasms/metabolism
- Prostatic Neoplasms/pathology
- Prostatic Neoplasms, Castration-Resistant/genetics
- Prostatic Neoplasms, Castration-Resistant/metabolism
- Prostatic Neoplasms, Castration-Resistant/pathology
- Receptors, Virus/genetics
- Receptors, Virus/metabolism
- SARS-CoV-2/metabolism
- SARS-CoV-2/physiology
- Serine Endopeptidases/genetics
- Serine Endopeptidases/metabolism
- Transplantation, Heterologous
- Virus Internalization
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanghee Lee
- Department of Urology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; (S.L.); (T.R.M.); (D.N.B.); (M.T.M.); (C.A.-V.); (A.Z.); (O.G.); (W.Y.Z.); (J.M.); (E.K.); (N.P.); (H.P.); (C.J.K.)
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; (C.C.N.W.); (C.H.M.J.)
- Rady Children’s Hospital, San Diego, CA 92123, USA
| | - Theresa R. Mendoza
- Department of Urology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; (S.L.); (T.R.M.); (D.N.B.); (M.T.M.); (C.A.-V.); (A.Z.); (O.G.); (W.Y.Z.); (J.M.); (E.K.); (N.P.); (H.P.); (C.J.K.)
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; (C.C.N.W.); (C.H.M.J.)
| | - Danielle N. Burner
- Department of Urology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; (S.L.); (T.R.M.); (D.N.B.); (M.T.M.); (C.A.-V.); (A.Z.); (O.G.); (W.Y.Z.); (J.M.); (E.K.); (N.P.); (H.P.); (C.J.K.)
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; (C.C.N.W.); (C.H.M.J.)
| | - Michelle T. Muldong
- Department of Urology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; (S.L.); (T.R.M.); (D.N.B.); (M.T.M.); (C.A.-V.); (A.Z.); (O.G.); (W.Y.Z.); (J.M.); (E.K.); (N.P.); (H.P.); (C.J.K.)
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; (C.C.N.W.); (C.H.M.J.)
| | - Christina C. N. Wu
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; (C.C.N.W.); (C.H.M.J.)
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; (G.P.); (K.M.L.)
| | - Catalina Arreola-Villanueva
- Department of Urology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; (S.L.); (T.R.M.); (D.N.B.); (M.T.M.); (C.A.-V.); (A.Z.); (O.G.); (W.Y.Z.); (J.M.); (E.K.); (N.P.); (H.P.); (C.J.K.)
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; (C.C.N.W.); (C.H.M.J.)
| | - Abril Zuniga
- Department of Urology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; (S.L.); (T.R.M.); (D.N.B.); (M.T.M.); (C.A.-V.); (A.Z.); (O.G.); (W.Y.Z.); (J.M.); (E.K.); (N.P.); (H.P.); (C.J.K.)
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; (C.C.N.W.); (C.H.M.J.)
| | - Olga Greenburg
- Department of Urology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; (S.L.); (T.R.M.); (D.N.B.); (M.T.M.); (C.A.-V.); (A.Z.); (O.G.); (W.Y.Z.); (J.M.); (E.K.); (N.P.); (H.P.); (C.J.K.)
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; (C.C.N.W.); (C.H.M.J.)
| | - William Y. Zhu
- Department of Urology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; (S.L.); (T.R.M.); (D.N.B.); (M.T.M.); (C.A.-V.); (A.Z.); (O.G.); (W.Y.Z.); (J.M.); (E.K.); (N.P.); (H.P.); (C.J.K.)
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; (C.C.N.W.); (C.H.M.J.)
| | - Jamillah Murtadha
- Department of Urology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; (S.L.); (T.R.M.); (D.N.B.); (M.T.M.); (C.A.-V.); (A.Z.); (O.G.); (W.Y.Z.); (J.M.); (E.K.); (N.P.); (H.P.); (C.J.K.)
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; (C.C.N.W.); (C.H.M.J.)
| | - Evodie Koutouan
- Department of Urology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; (S.L.); (T.R.M.); (D.N.B.); (M.T.M.); (C.A.-V.); (A.Z.); (O.G.); (W.Y.Z.); (J.M.); (E.K.); (N.P.); (H.P.); (C.J.K.)
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; (C.C.N.W.); (C.H.M.J.)
| | - Naomi Pineda
- Department of Urology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; (S.L.); (T.R.M.); (D.N.B.); (M.T.M.); (C.A.-V.); (A.Z.); (O.G.); (W.Y.Z.); (J.M.); (E.K.); (N.P.); (H.P.); (C.J.K.)
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; (C.C.N.W.); (C.H.M.J.)
| | - Hao Pham
- Department of Urology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; (S.L.); (T.R.M.); (D.N.B.); (M.T.M.); (C.A.-V.); (A.Z.); (O.G.); (W.Y.Z.); (J.M.); (E.K.); (N.P.); (H.P.); (C.J.K.)
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; (C.C.N.W.); (C.H.M.J.)
| | - Sung-Gu Kang
- Department of Urology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seongbuk-Gu, Seoul 02841, Korea;
| | - Hyun Tae Kim
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Korea;
| | - Gabriel Pineda
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; (G.P.); (K.M.L.)
| | - Kathleen M. Lennon
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; (G.P.); (K.M.L.)
| | - Nicholas A. Cacalano
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA;
| | - Catriona H. M. Jamieson
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; (C.C.N.W.); (C.H.M.J.)
- Department of Urology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seongbuk-Gu, Seoul 02841, Korea;
| | - Christopher J. Kane
- Department of Urology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; (S.L.); (T.R.M.); (D.N.B.); (M.T.M.); (C.A.-V.); (A.Z.); (O.G.); (W.Y.Z.); (J.M.); (E.K.); (N.P.); (H.P.); (C.J.K.)
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; (C.C.N.W.); (C.H.M.J.)
| | | | - Terry Gaasterland
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA;
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Christina A. M. Jamieson
- Department of Urology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; (S.L.); (T.R.M.); (D.N.B.); (M.T.M.); (C.A.-V.); (A.Z.); (O.G.); (W.Y.Z.); (J.M.); (E.K.); (N.P.); (H.P.); (C.J.K.)
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; (C.C.N.W.); (C.H.M.J.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-858-534-2921
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Son S, Hwang EC, Jung SI, Kwon DD, Choi SH, Kwon TG, Noh JH, Kim MK, Seo IY, Kim CS, Kang SG, Cheon J, Ha HK, Jeong CW, Ku JH, Kwak C, Kim HH. Prognostic value of preoperative systemic inflammation markers in localized upper tract urothelial cell carcinoma: a large, multicenter cohort analysis. Minerva Urol Nephrol 2018; 70:300-309. [PMID: 29381018 DOI: 10.23736/s0393-2249.18.02914-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to investigate the prognostic value of preoperative systemic inflammation markers in upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC). METHODS A total of 1137 patients who underwent radical nephroureterectomy with bladder cuff excision at 9 institutions from 2004 to 2015, were retrospectively reviewed. The Glasgow Prognostic Score (GPS), modified GPS (mGPS), neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) for each patient were calculated. Univariable and multivariable analysis was performed using the Cox proportional hazards regression model. Cut-off values for NLR and PLR were calculated using a receiver operating characteristic curve. RESULTS The median follow-up period was 39.1 (interquartile range: 18.3-63.8) months. Univariable analysis revealed that GPS, mGPS, PLR, and NLR (all, P=0.001) were significantly associated with both recurrence-free survival (RFS) and cancer-specific survival (CSS). Multivariable analysis revealed that GPS (P=0.001), PLR (hazards ratio [HR] =1.32; 95% CI: 1.08-1.62, P=0.007 and HR =1.87; 95% CI: 1.21-2.92, P=0.005), NLR (HR =1.38; 95% CI: 1.12-1.69, P=0.003 and HR =1.70; 95% CI: 1.10-2.62, P=0.017) were significantly associated with RFS and CSS. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that preoperative systemic inflammation markers such as GPS, PLR, and NLR are independent prognostic factors in patients with UTUC after surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumin Son
- Department of Urology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Eu-Chang Hwang
- Department of Urology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, South Korea -
| | - Seung-Il Jung
- Department of Urology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Dong-Deuk Kwon
- Department of Urology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Seock-Hwan Choi
- Department of Urology, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Tae-Gyun Kwon
- Department of Urology, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Joon-Hwa Noh
- Department of Urology, Kwangju Christian Hospital, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Myung-Ki Kim
- Department of Urology, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, South Korea
| | - Ill-Young Seo
- Department of Urology, Institute of Wonkwang Medical Science, Wonkwang University School of Medicine, Iksan, South Korea
| | - Chul-Sung Kim
- Department of Urology, Chosun University School of Medicine, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Sung-Gu Kang
- Department of Urology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jun Cheon
- Department of Urology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hong-Koo Ha
- Department of Urology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, South Korea
| | - Chang-Wook Jeong
- Department of Urology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ja-Hyeon Ku
- Department of Urology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Cheol Kwak
- Department of Urology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyeon-Hoe Kim
- Department of Urology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
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Jung SM, Bae JS, Kang SG, Son JS, Jeon JH, Lee HJ, Jeon JY, Sidharthan M, Ryu SH, Shin HW. Acute toxicity of organic antifouling biocides to phytoplankton Nitzschia pungens and zooplankton Artemia larvae. Mar Pollut Bull 2017; 124:811-818. [PMID: 27919420 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2016.11.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2016] [Revised: 11/01/2016] [Accepted: 11/19/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The toxicity of the antifouling biocides Irgarol 1051, Diuron, Chlorothalonil, Dichlofluanid, Sea-nine 211, Copper pyrithione, Zinc pyrithione, Ziram and Zineb were evaluated on Nitzschia pungens and Artemia larvae. Results showed that EC50 for Irgarol 1051 was 0.586μgl-1 was the strongest effect on N. pungens following by Copper pyrithione (4.908μgl-1), Ziram (5.421μgl-1), Zinc pyrithione (5.513μgl-1), Diuron (6.640μgl-1), Zineb (232.249μgl-1), Sea-nine 211(267.368μgl-1), Chlorothalonil (360.963μgl-1) and Dichlofluanid (377.010μgl-1) in 96h. In Artemia larvae, the biocides were evaluated the LC50 for larval survivals at 48h. Sea-nine 211 and Copper pyrithione were 0.318 and 0.319mgl-1. Chlorothalonil, Zinc pyrithione and Ziram were 2.683, 3.147 and 4.778mgl-1. Irgarol 1051, Diuron, Zineb and Dichlofluanid were 9.734, 30.573, 41.170 and 154.944mgl-1. These results provide baseline data concerning the toxicity of antifouling biocides against marine environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Jung
- Department of Biological Science & Biotechnology, Soonchunhyang University, Asan, South Korea
| | - J S Bae
- Department of Biological Science & Biotechnology, Soonchunhyang University, Asan, South Korea
| | - S G Kang
- Department of Biological Science & Biotechnology, Soonchunhyang University, Asan, South Korea
| | - J S Son
- Department of Biological Science & Biotechnology, Soonchunhyang University, Asan, South Korea
| | - J H Jeon
- Department of Biological Science & Biotechnology, Soonchunhyang University, Asan, South Korea
| | - H J Lee
- Department of Biological Science & Biotechnology, Soonchunhyang University, Asan, South Korea
| | - J Y Jeon
- Department of Biological Science & Biotechnology, Soonchunhyang University, Asan, South Korea
| | - M Sidharthan
- Department of Biological Science & Biotechnology, Soonchunhyang University, Asan, South Korea
| | - S H Ryu
- Department of Biological Science & Biotechnology, Soonchunhyang University, Asan, South Korea
| | - H W Shin
- Department of Biological Science & Biotechnology, Soonchunhyang University, Asan, South Korea.
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Kim JY, Kang SH, Cheon J, Lee JG, Kim JJ, Kang SG. The usefulness of flexible cystoscopy for preventing double-J stent malposition after laparoscopic ureterolithotomy. BMC Urol 2017; 17:44. [PMID: 28619091 PMCID: PMC5472879 DOI: 10.1186/s12894-017-0232-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 06/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of flexible cystoscopy in preventing malpositioning of the ureteral stent after laparoscopic ureterolithotomy in male patients. Methods From April 2009 to June 2015, 97 male patients with stones >1.8 cm in the upper ureter underwent intracorporeal double-J stenting of the ureter after laparoscopic ureterolithotomy performed by four different surgeons. In the last 50 patients who underwent laparoscopic ureterolithotomy flexible cystoscopy was performed through the urethral route to confirm the position of the double-J stent, while in the first 47 correct positioning of the stent was confirmed through postoperative KUB. The demographic data and perioperative outcomes were reviewed retrospectively. Penalized logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the effects of flexible cystoscopy. Results Upward malpositioning of the ureteral stent was found in 9 of the 47 (19.1%) patients who underwent surgery without flexible cystoscopy. Among the 50 most recent patients who underwent surgery with flexible cystoscopy through the urethral route, upward malpositioning was observed in 10 (20%) patients. The factors preventing upward malpositioning of the double-J catheter in multivariate analysis were surgeon (p = 0.039) and use of flexible cystoscopy (p = 0.008). Conclusion Flexible cystoscopy is a simple, safe, quick, and effective method to identify and correct malpositioning of double-J stents, especially in male patients. Trial registration This study was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov Registry on May 11, 2017 (retrospective registration) with a trial registration number of NCT03150446. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12894-017-0232-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Yoon Kim
- Department of Urology, Korea University College of Medicine, 73 Inchon-Ro, Sungbuk-gu, Seoul, 136-705, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok-Ho Kang
- Department of Urology, Korea University College of Medicine, 73 Inchon-Ro, Sungbuk-gu, Seoul, 136-705, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Cheon
- Department of Urology, Korea University College of Medicine, 73 Inchon-Ro, Sungbuk-gu, Seoul, 136-705, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Gu Lee
- Department of Urology, Korea University College of Medicine, 73 Inchon-Ro, Sungbuk-gu, Seoul, 136-705, Republic of Korea
| | - Je-Jong Kim
- Department of Urology, Korea University College of Medicine, 73 Inchon-Ro, Sungbuk-gu, Seoul, 136-705, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Gu Kang
- Department of Urology, Korea University College of Medicine, 73 Inchon-Ro, Sungbuk-gu, Seoul, 136-705, Republic of Korea.
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Shin JH, Kang SG, Hong YK, Jeun SS, Kim SW, Kim SW, Cho JH, Park YJ. Role of the superior turbinate when performing endoscopic endonasal transsphenoidal approach. Folia Morphol (Warsz) 2014; 73:73-8. [PMID: 24590526 DOI: 10.5603/fm.2014.0010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2013] [Revised: 08/29/2013] [Accepted: 08/31/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study examined the relationship between the superior turbinate and natural ostium of the sphenoid sinus, as seen during the endoscopic endonasal transsphenoidal approach (EETSA) for sellar lesions and described how to enter the sphenoethmoid cell safely for complete exposure of the sellar floor, including adjacent vital structures such as the prominence of the optic nerve and carotid artery. MATERIALS AND METHODS This study retrospectively reviewed the medical records and operative findings of 154 patients, who underwent EETSA between February 2009 and February 2011. We evaluated the location of the natural ostium of the sphenoid sinus relative to the superior turbinate and revealed the clinical significance of the superior turbinate as a surgical guide to enter into the sphenoethmoid cell during EETSA. RESULTS The natural ostium of the sphenoid sinus was located medially to the posteroinferior end of the superior turbinate in 151 (98%) patients. In 1 patient, the natural ostia of the sphenoid sinus were located lateral to the superior turbinate bilaterally. Sphenoethmoid cell was encountered in 53 (34%) patients. We could easily enter the sphenoethmoid cell at the point where the superior turbinate was attached to the anterior wall of the sphenoid sinus. CONCLUSIONS The superior turbinate is a good surgical landmark for identifying the natural ostium of the sphenoid sinus and as a guide for the surgical entrance to the sphenoethmoid cell extending to the sphenoid sinus during EETSA.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - S W Kim
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, The Catholic University of Korea, College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
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Shin JW, Kim J, Kwak JM, Hara M, Cheon J, Kang SH, Kang SG, Stevenson ARL, Coughlin G, Kim SH. First report: Robotic pelvic exenteration for locally advanced rectal cancer. Colorectal Dis 2014; 16:O9-14. [PMID: 24330440 DOI: 10.1111/codi.12446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2013] [Accepted: 06/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
AIM The aim of this study was to present the feasibility and surgical outcome of robotic en bloc resection of the rectum and with prostate and seminal vesicle invaded by rectal cancer. METHOD The details of three consecutive cases involving male patients in their forties, with locally invasive low rectal cancers are presented. The da Vinci robotic system was used by experienced colorectal and urological surgeons to perform en bloc resection of the rectum, prostate and seminal vesicles. RESULTS In the first case, coloanal and vesico-urethral anastomoses were performed, and the second included an end colostomy and vesico-urethral anastomosis. The bladder and bulbar urethra were also removed en bloc in the third case, with robotic intracorporeal ileal conduit formation and end colostomy. There was no major complication postoperatively. In the second patient there was a minor leakage at the vesico-urethral anastomosis. The third was readmitted the following week with a urinary infection which settled with intravenous antibiotics. In the first case, the circumferential resection margin was microscopically positive but the patient is currently free of recurrence after 14 months. In the second and third cases, all margins were clear. CONCLUSION This the first report of the use of the da Vinci robotic system for pelvic exenteration in patients with locally advanced rectal cancer invading the prostate and seminal vesicles. The robot may have a potential role in selected patients requiring exenterative pelvic surgery particularly in men.
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Affiliation(s)
- J W Shin
- Division of Colorectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Korea University Anam Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Kang SG, Ha YR, Ko YH, Kang SH, Joo KJ, Cho HY, Park HS, Kim CH, Kwon SY, Kim JJ, Cheon J, Lee JG. Effect of laminin 332 on motility and invasion in bladder cancer. Kaohsiung J Med Sci 2013; 29:422-9. [PMID: 23906232 DOI: 10.1016/j.kjms.2012.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2011] [Accepted: 12/28/2011] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
We examined the correlation between laminin 332 and malignancy in bladder cancer patients, and, using a strain of invasive bladder cancer cells, determined whether laminin 332 causes bladder cancer motility and invasion. To investigate the correlation between laminin 332 g2 distribution and patient outcome, we performed a semiquantitative immunohistochemical analysis of 35 paraffin-embedded samples using the antibody D4B5, which is specific for the laminin 5 γ2 chain. To evaluate the role of laminin 332 in NBT-II cell motility and invasion, we used a scratch assay and the Boyden chamber chemoinvasion system. Tumor stage and grade were significantly correlated with a loss of laminin 332 γ2 chain from the basement membrane (p = 0.001) and its retention in the cytoplasm (p = 0.001) (Kruskal-Wallis test). Kaplan-Meier survival curves revealed an association between the risk of progression and cytoplasmic retention of the laminin 332 γ2 chain. In addition, an in vitro scratch assay showed an increase in the migration of cells treated with laminin 332 from their cluster. The Boyden chamber assay showed that laminin 332 potentiated NBT-II cell invasion. Immunohistochemistry results showed that bladder cancer patients with a higher malignancy expressed more laminin 332. The in vitro scratch and invasion assay showed that laminin 332 stimulated the motility and invasion of bladder cancer cells. The invasion assay explains the correlation between laminin 332 expression and bladder cancer malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Gu Kang
- Department of Urology, Korea University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
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8
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Jang HA, Cho S, Kang SG, Ko YH, Kang SH, Bae JH, Cheon J, Kim JJ, Lee JG. The relaxant effect of ginseng saponin on the bladder and prostatic urethra: an in vitro and in vivo study. Urol Int 2012; 88:463-9. [PMID: 22507987 DOI: 10.1159/000337206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2011] [Accepted: 02/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
AIM To assess the effects of ginseng saponin on relaxation of the bladder and prostatic urethra and to determine its mechanism of action. MATERIALS AND METHODS For the in vitro study, prostatic urethra muscle strips were harvested from 18 male New Zealand rabbits. The strips were mounted in organ baths and connected to force displacement transducers. After stabilization, maximal tissue contractions were obtained by the application of phenylepinephrine to the urethra strips, and a dose-response curve for ginseng saponin was constructed (10(-6)-10(-2)M). After pretreatment of urethra strips with N-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME), another dose-response curve for ginseng saponin was constructed. For the in vivo study, we used adult male Sprague-Dawley rats divided into three groups [control, partial bladder outlet obstruction (PBOO) and saponin-fed groups], and we monitored the vesical pressure (P(ves)) and urethral perfusion pressure (UPP). RESULTS The ginseng saponin induced a significant dose-dependent relaxant effect on the prostatic urethra strips. A significant relaxant effect of ginseng saponin was observed from 10(-3)M, and ginseng saponin significantly relaxed urethra strips by 50.2 ± 20.26% at 10(-2)M. The relaxant effect was partially inhibited with L-NAME pretreatment. In the in vivo study, the change in UPP between baseline and relaxation was significantly higher in the saponin group than in the control or PBOO group (p < 0.001). The saponin group showed a significantly lower baseline P(ves) than the PBOO group. CONCLUSIONS We observed a significant relaxation effect of ginseng saponin on the bladder and prostatic urethra in both in vitro and in vivo studies. The mechanism by which ginseng saponin induces relaxation appears to involve the nitric oxide/nitric oxide synthase pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- H A Jang
- Department of Urology, Korea University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Ko YH, Ha YR, Kim JW, Kang SG, Jang HA, Kang SH, Park HS, Cheon J. Silencing of the GnRH type 1 receptor blocks the antiproliferative effect of the GnRH agonist, leuprolide, on the androgen-independent prostate cancer cell line DU145. J Int Med Res 2011; 39:729-39. [PMID: 21819703 DOI: 10.1177/147323001103900304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the mechanism of action of a gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonist, leuprolide, on proliferation of the hormone-refractory prostate cancer cell line DU145, transfected with short hairpin RNA (shRNA), to reduce expression of the GNRHR1 gene (which encodes the GnRH type 1 receptor). DU145 cell proliferation in the presence of leuprolide (10(-9) and 10(-7) M) or control medium was measured before and after GnRHR1 knockdown. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analysis were used to measure the degree of GNRHR1 silencing. DU145 cells treated with leuprolide (10(-9) and 10(-7) M) showed significant growth inhibition compared with control-treated DU145 cells. Transfection with GNRHR1 -shRNA significantly decreased GNRHR1 expression at 48 h. DU145 cells transfected with silencing GNRHR1 -shRNA showed normal growth patterns; however, there was no significant inhibition of proliferation of DU145 cells transfected with GNRHR1 -shRNA compared with cells transfected with control-shRNA in response to leuprolide. These data demonstrated that the antiproliferative effect of leuprolide was mediated by the GnRHR1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y H Ko
- Department of Urology, Korea University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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10
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Abstract
The aim of the present study was to understand if sport improves attention symptoms, social competency, and cognitive functions in children with attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The present study was designed as a 6-week, prospective trial, including 12 sessions of education/sports therapy. 13 ADHD children participated in a 90-min athletic activity (sports-cADHD) twice a week, while 15 ADHD children received education on behavior control (edu-cADHD). During the 6-week treatment period, the sports-cADHD group showed greater improvements in DuPaul's ADHD Rating Scale scores, parent and teacher version (K-ARS-PT), compared to those of the edu-sADHD group. The cognitive functions assessed with the digit symbol and Trail-Making Test part B (TMT B) were improved in the sports-cADHD group, while the cognitive functions observed in the edu-sADHD group were not significantly changed. The cooperativeness scores in the sports-cADHD group were greatly increased compared to those of the edu-sADHD group. The results demonstrated a positive correlation with sports and improvement in attention symptoms, cognitive symptoms and social skills. The results of the present study suggest that therapy in the form of athletic activity may increase social competency in children with ADHD, as demonstrated by improved cognitive functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- K D Kang
- Department of Sports, Chung Ang University, An Sung, Republic of Korea
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11
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Kang SG, Park CH, Kim DK, Park JK, Hong SJ, Chung BH, Kim CS, Lee KS, Kim JC, Lee JG. Long-term outcome of tamsulosin for patients with lower urinary tract symptoms according to the treatment response defined by lower urinary tract symptom outcomes score. Int J Clin Pract 2011; 65:691-7. [PMID: 21564443 DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-1241.2011.02667.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED IMS: To evaluate long-term outcome of tamsuolsin 0.2 mg for benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) patients using a new subjective assessment of patient-reported outcomes and the lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) outcome score (LOS) over a 48-week period. METHODS This study investigated the long-term outcomes of either well-responded or poorly responded patient group as defined by LOS at the period of 12 weeks after BPH treatment. Outcome parameters used in this study were the most bothersome symptoms, BPH K1-short form as well as International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS), maximum flow rate (Qmax) and postvoiding residual urine volume at 24-, 36- and 48-week follow-up. RESULTS Of the 414 patients recruited initially, 310 (75.2%) were defined as the responders and 39 (9.5%) as the non-responders to the treatment at 12 weeks, which was stratified by LOS. In this long-term study, the differences in improvement rates of clinical parameters between responder and non-responder groups at 12 weeks of treatment were maintained over the period of 48 weeks. Among the responder patients, most (75.6%) chose continuous administrations of tamsulosin. Improvements in clinical parameters were maintained in this subgroup. It is noteworthy that the improvements in clinical parameters of the non-responder group were dismal despite switching to the other treatment modalities. CONCLUSIONS Long-term tamsulosin 0.2 mg for BPH patients is an effective treatment, both subjectively and objectively. Considering its integrative nature, LOS seemed to be one of the useful tools to predict the outcome after the management of LUTS.
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Affiliation(s)
- S G Kang
- Department of Urology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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12
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Expression of Runt-related transcription factor 3 (RUNX3) is reduced in a large number of cancers. However, a few studies have reported higher expression of RUNX3 in several cancers, including basal cell carcinoma (BCC). In light of this, we explored the expression of RUNX3 in skin cancers generally, to determine whether it acts as an oncogene or a tumour-suppressor gene in skin tumours. AIM To investigate the expression of RUNX3 in normal skin and malignant skin tumours. METHODS RUNX3 expression was evaluated by western blotting in 24 specimens, comprising 6 malignant melanoma (MM), 6 squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), 6 BCC and 6 normal skin specimens. Immunohistochemical staining was carried out to analyse RUNX3 expression in 16 MM, 16 SCC and 16 BCC specimens. To identify where the protein was expressed, the cytoplasmic and nuclear protein expression of RUNX3 in skin cancer tissues was determined. A cell-proliferation study was performed on an MM line (G361) by small interfering (si)RNA transfection. RESULTS The western blotting experiments showed that RUNX3 was not expressed in normal skin tissues, but it was overexpressed in all MM and SCC samples, and in five of the six BCC samples. Using immunochemistry, RUNX3 was found to be overexpressed in all cancer tissues analysed. Subcellular fraction analysis revealed that RUNX3 was expressed in the nuclei but not the cytoplasm of all the skin cancer tissues analysed, and RUNX3 silencing by siRNA in G361 cells resulted in a decrease in proliferation. CONCLUSIONS Based on these results, we suggest that RUNX3 has an oncogenic potential and does not act as a tumour suppressor in skin cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- J H Lee
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Hanyang University Guri Hospital, Guri, Korea
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13
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Cho Y, Lee HS, Kim YJ, Kang SG, Kim SJ, Lee JH. Characterization of a dUTPase from the hyperthermophilic archaeon Thermococcus onnurineus NA1 and its application in polymerase chain reaction amplification. Mar Biotechnol (NY) 2007; 9:450-8. [PMID: 17549447 DOI: 10.1007/s10126-007-9002-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2006] [Accepted: 02/01/2007] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Genomic analysis of the hyperthermophilic archaeon Thermococcus onnurineus NA1 (TNA1) revealed the presence of a 471-bp open reading frame with 93% similarity to the dUTPase from Pyrococcus furiosus. The dUTPase-encoding gene was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli. The purified protein hydrolyzed dUTP at about a 10-fold higher rate than dCTP. The protein behaved as a dimer in gel filtration chromatography, even though it contains five motifs that are conserved in all homotrimeric dUTPases. The dUTPase showed optimum activity at 80 degrees C and pH 8.0, and it was highly thermostable with a half-life (t (1/2)) of 170 min at 95 degrees C. The enzymatic activity of the dUTPase was largely unaffected by variations in MgCl(2), KCl, (NH(4))(2)SO(4), and Triton X-100 concentrations, although it was reduced by bovine serum albumin. Addition of the dUTPase to polymerase chain reactions (PCRs) run with TNA1 DNA polymerase significantly increased product yield, overcoming the inhibitory effect of dUTP. Further, addition of the dUTPase allowed PCR amplification of targets up to 15 kb in length using TNA1 DNA polymerase. This enzyme also improved the PCR efficiency of other archaeal family B type DNA polymerases, including Pfu and KOD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Cho
- Korea Ocean Research & Development Institute, Ansan, PO Box 29, Seoul 425-600, South Korea
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14
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Kim J, Lee Y, Kim H, Hwang KJ, Kwon HC, Kim SK, Cho DJ, Kang SG, You J. Human amniotic fluid-derived stem cells have characteristics of multipotent stem cells. Cell Prolif 2007; 40:75-90. [PMID: 17227297 PMCID: PMC6496664 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2184.2007.00414.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To characterize mesenchymal stem cell-like cells isolated from human amniotic fluid for a new source of therapeutic cells. MATERIALS Fibroblastoid-type cells obtained from amniotic fluid at the time of birth. METHODS The ability of ex vivo expansion was investigated until senescence, and stem cell-like characteristics were analyzed by examining differentiation potential, messenger RNA expression and immunophenotypes. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS A morphologically homogenous population of fibroblastoid-type (HAFFTs) cells, similar to mesenchymal stem cells from bone marrow (BM-MSCs), was obtained at the third passage. The cells became senescent after 27 passages over a period of 8 months while undergoing 66 population doublings. Under appropriate culture conditions, by the 8th passage they differentiated into adipocytes, osteocytes, chondrocytes and neuronal cells, as revealed by oil red O, von Kossa, Alcian blue and anti-NeuN antibody staining, respectively. Immunophenotype analyses at the 17th passage demonstrated the presence of TRA-1-60; SSEA-3 and-4; collagen types I, II, III, IV and XII; fibronectin; alpha-SMA; vimentin; desmin; CK18; CD44; CD54; CD106; FSP; vWF; CD31; and HLA ABC. Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction analysis of the HAFFTs from passages 6-20 showed consistent expression of Rex-1, SCF, GATA-4, vimentin, CK18, FGF-5 and HLA ABC genes. Oct-4 gene expression was observed up to the 19th passage but not at the 20th passage. HAFFTs showed telomerase activity at the 5th passage with a decreased level by the 21st passage. Interestingly, BMP-4, AFP, nestin and HNF-4alpha genes showed differential gene expression during ex vivo expansion. Taken together, these observations suggest that HAFFTs are pluripotent stem cells that are less differentiated than BM-MSCs, and that their gene expression profiles vary with passage number during ex vivo expansion.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Natural Science, Seoul Women's University, Nowon-Gu, Seoul, Korea
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15
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Lee HS, Kim YJ, Bae SS, Jeon JH, Lim JK, Jeong BC, Kang SG, Lee JH. Cloning, expression, and characterization of a methionyl aminopeptidase from a hyperthermophilic archaeon Thermococcus sp. NA1. Mar Biotechnol (NY) 2006; 8:425-32. [PMID: 16761197 DOI: 10.1007/s10126-005-6124-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2005] [Accepted: 01/13/2006] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Genomic analysis of a hyperthermophilic archaeon Thermococcus sp. NA1 revealed the presence of an 885-bp open reading frame encoding a protein of 295 amino acids with a calculated molecular mass of 32,981 Da. Analysis of the deduced amino acid sequence showed that amino acid residues important for catalytic activity and the metal binding ligands conserved in all of methionyl aminopeptidases (MetAP) were also conserved and belonged to type IIa MetAP. The protein, designated TNA1_MetAP (Thermococcus sp. NA1 MetAP), was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli. The recombinant enzyme was a Mn(2+)-, Ni(2+)-, Fe(2+)-, or Co(2+)-dependent metallopeptidase. Optimal MetAP activity against L: -methionine p-nitroanilide (Met-pNA) (K (m) = 0.68 mM) occurred at pH 7.0 and 80 to 90 degrees C. The MetAP was very unstable compared to Pyrococcus furiosus MetAP, which was completely inactivated by heating at 80 degrees C for 5 min. It seemed likely that the cysteine residue (Cys53) played a critical role in regulating the thermostability of TNA1_MetAP.
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Affiliation(s)
- H S Lee
- Korean Ocean Research & Development Institute, Ansan, P.O. Box 29, Seoul, 425-600, Korea.
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16
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Lee DY, Cho YW, Kang SG, Shin NR, Choi IS, Shin SJ, Yoo HS. Quantitative Analysis of Interleukin-6 Expression in Porcine Spleen Cells and Alveolar Macrophages using Real-Time PCR. Vet Res Commun 2004; 28:503-13. [PMID: 15509024 DOI: 10.1023/b:verc.0000040242.85968.e0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin-6 (IL-6), a multifocal cytokine produced by lymphoid and non-lymphoid cells, regulates immune responses, acute-phase reactions against bacterial infections, and haematopoiesis. After cloning and sequencing of porcine IL-6, the expression pattern of porcine IL-6 mRNA was evaluated through real-time RT-PCR using porcine immune cells (spleen cells and alveolar macrophages) following stimulation with LPS. The sequence has been reported to GenBank with Accession no. AF 518322. The nucleotide sequence was different at the 89th and 205th positions in comparison with M80258, but only at the 205th with M86722. Comparison of porcine IL-6, Accession no. AF 518322, with IL-6 of human, canine, ovine, and mouse showed homologies of 78%, 81%, 82% and 73% in nucleotide sequence and 42%, 69%, 61% and 42% in amino acids. Expression of IL-6 mRNA was induced by stimulation with LPS. IL-6 mRNA expression in alveolar macrophages peaked at 2 h and decreased sharply to control levels at 4 h, whereas it peaked at 14 h and decreased at 24 h in spleen cells after stimulation with LPS (1 microg/ml). These results suggest that IL-6 mRNA expression in porcine immune cells is cell-type specific and the results of this study could be used as the basis for research on the porcine immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Y Lee
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine and School of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, San 56-1, Shinlim-dong, Kwanak-gu, Seoul, 151-742, Korea
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17
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Hwang JC, Song HY, Kang SG, Suh JH, Ko GY, Lee DH, Kim TH, Jeong YK, Lee JH. Covered retrievable tracheobronchial hinged stent: an experimental study in dogs. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2001; 12:1429-36. [PMID: 11742020 DOI: 10.1016/s1051-0443(07)61704-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the safety and technical feasibility of the use of a covered retrievable tracheobronchial hinged stent and investigate the histopathologic airway changes after placement and removal of the stent in dogs. MATERIALS AND METHODS The experimental stent was composed of tracheal and bronchial stents that were connected together at their ends. Each stent was woven from a single thread of 0.2-mm-diameter nitinol wire filament in a tubular configuration and covered with polyurethane solution by a dipping method. Drawstrings were attached at the upper end of the tracheal stent for stent removal. Under fluoroscopic guidance, 20 stents were placed at the lower trachea and left main bronchus in 20 dogs and were electively removed 4 weeks (n = 10) or 8 weeks (n = 10) after placement. Ten dogs were killed just after stent removal and the remaining 10 were killed 2 weeks after stent removal. RESULT Stents were successfully placed in all dogs. Pneumonia was observed in three dogs. Stent migration occurred in seven dogs (35%). Except for two cases of stent expectoration, 18 stents were easily removed within a few minutes. There was considerable granulation tissue proliferation and inflammatory reaction in the airways of the dogs that were killed just after stent removal. The pathologic changes of the airways returned to almost-normal conditions 2 weeks after stent removal. CONCLUSION Placement and removal of a covered retrievable tracheobronchial hinged stent seems to be feasible, and histopathologic changes of the airway related to the stents returned to normal 2 weeks after stent removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C Hwang
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul.
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18
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Lim D, Park HU, De Castro L, Kang SG, Lee HS, Jensen S, Lee KJ, Strynadka NC. Crystal structure and kinetic analysis of beta-lactamase inhibitor protein-II in complex with TEM-1 beta-lactamase. Nat Struct Biol 2001; 8:848-52. [PMID: 11573088 DOI: 10.1038/nsb1001-848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The structure of the 28 kDa beta-lactamase inhibitor protein-II (BLIP-II) in complex with the TEM-1 beta-lactamase has been determined to 2.3 A resolution. BLIP-II is a secreted protein produced by the soil bacterium Streptomyces exfoliatus SMF19 and is able to bind and inhibit TEM-1 with subnanomolar affinity. BLIP-II is a seven-bladed beta-propeller with a unique blade motif consisting of only three antiparallel beta-strands. The overall fold is highly similar to the core structure of the human regulator of chromosome condensation (RCC1). Although BLIP-II does not share the same fold with BLIP, the first beta-lactamase inhibitor protein for which structural data was available, a comparison of the two complexes reveals a number of similarities and provides further insights into key components of the TEM-1-BLIP and TEM-1-BLIP-II interfaces. Our preliminary results from gene knock-out studies and scanning electron microscopy also reveal a critical role of BLIP-II in sporulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Lim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
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19
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Kang SG, Lee E, Schaus S, Henderson E. Monitoring transfected cells without selection agents by using the dual-cassette expression EGFP vectors. Exp Mol Med 2001; 33:174-8. [PMID: 11642555 DOI: 10.1038/emm.2001.30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Conventional methods of selecting gene transfected cells by toxic agents may yield ambiguous results. It is difficult to determine whether cell death is due to selection agents or gene transfection, owing to the substantial overlap of the time-courses for both effects. Therefore, to determine transfection-induced cell toxicity, the mammalian expression vector pEGFP-N1 (CLONTECH Lab., Palo Alto, CA, USA) has been modified to the dual-cassette expression vectors named pEGFP-Ks by the relocation of its EGFP expression cassette. We have precisely monitored the cells transfected with this vector on our custom culture dishes, thereby bypassing the need for selection agent or fluorescent cell sorting. This is a useful method to screen genes encoding potential toxic or useful proteins without performing undesirable selection agent and also can be used to monitor the transfected cells for various purposes, either the inhibition or proliferation of mammalian cells for applications in biotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- S G Kang
- Institute of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Kyongsan, Korea.
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20
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Abstract
In a model of focal cerebral ischaemia, enlargement of ischaemic tissue by ischaemic brain oedema is one of the major problems in the measurement of infarction volume. To minimize an error of this overestimation, several methods have been proposed. However, there has been no attempt to compare these methods to elucidate their eligibility in the measurement of ischaemic area. The authors used three different morphometric analyses in the measurement of infarction volume to assess the antiischaemic affects of a competitive NMDA antagonist, D-CPPene in MCA occlusion model of the rat: a direct measurement, the Swanson's method, and a measurement using a diagram. Post-occlusion treatment of D-CPPene (4.5 mg/kg, i.v. +3 mg/kg/h, i.v.) produced reduction of infarction volume to about 40% compared to the control (P < 0.05). The volume of infarction determined by the direct measurement was much larger than that by Swanson's or diagram method (P < 0.05), about 70% larger in the control and by two times in the treated. However, there was no significant difference in the measured volume between the Swanson's and diagram methods. The protection rate, which was calculated as % = (infarct volume of the control--that of the treated/infarct volume of the control) x 100%, was larger in the Swanson's and diagram methods than in the direct measurement. In conclusion, it is confirmed that the direct measurement at the peak time of ischaemic brain oedema brings about not only an overestimation of infarction volume but lower protection rate also, compared to the methods designed to minimize the overestimation. Our results also demonstrate the diagram method is useful in reducing overestimation of infarct volume that may be caused by ischaemic brain oedema, though this method was not designed for the purpose of avoiding oedema at first.
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Affiliation(s)
- C K Park
- Department of Neurosurgery, College of Medicine, Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
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21
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Kang SG, Lee DY, Maeda M, Kim ES, Choi D, Kim BO, Yoon HK, Sung KB, Song HY. Aortic dissection: percutaneous management with a separating stent-graft--preliminary results. Radiology 2001; 220:533-9. [PMID: 11477265 DOI: 10.1148/radiology.220.2.r01au24533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The authors used a separating stent-graft to treat Stanford type B aortic dissection. The separating stent-graft consists of two stents: a stent-graft and an inner bare stent. The separating stent-graft has three parts: a proximal stent, a graft made of synthetic polyester textile fiber, and a distal stent. A 12-F introducing sheath was used. After the separating stent-graft was placed, false-lumen thrombosis was evident in all six patients during a follow-up period of 206 days. The major advantages of this technique are that a cutdown and blood pressure control are not required.
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Affiliation(s)
- S G Kang
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology Chosun University College of Medicine, Kwangju, Korea
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22
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Kang SG, Chung H, Yoo YD, Lee JG, Choi YI, Yu YS. Mechanism of growth inhibitory effect of Mitomycin-C on cultured human retinal pigment epithelial cells: apoptosis and cell cycle arrest. Curr Eye Res 2001; 22:174-81. [PMID: 11462153 DOI: 10.1076/ceyr.22.3.174.5513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the therapeutic potential of Mitomycin-C (MMC) in the management of proliferative vitreoretinopathy, the antiproliferative effect of MMC on cultured human retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells were investigated in vitro. METHODS Drug sensitivities of cultured human RPE cells to MMC were determined using the tetrazolium dye assay. In order to detect the presence of apoptosis, DNA fragmentation was assessed by DAPI staining, and TdT-dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) assay. The relative amount of DNA fragmentation was quantified by flow cytometric analysis. To analyze the cell cycle response of RPE cells to MMC, flow cytometric analysis of propidium iodide stained nuclei was performed. The levels of proteins related to DNA damage in the RPE cells were then determined by Western blot analysis. RESULTS MMC inhibited cell proliferation in a dose-dependent manner. The majority of RPE cells following treatment with 10 microg/ml of MMC exhibited fragmented nuclei as observed by DAPI staining and TUNEL assay. Cell cycle analysis demonstrated an accumulation of cells arrested in S and G2/M phase following treatment with 1 microg/ml of MMC. At 10 microg/ml of MMC, a dramatic increase of the cell population in the sub G1 peak, which can be considered a marker of cell death by apoptosis, was observed by flow cytometry. Western blot analysis of p53 and p21 revealed a gradual increase in the level of these proteins when RPE cells were exposed to increasing concentrations of MMC. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated that the response of RPE cells to MMC was bi-directional: 1) partial arrest of the cell cycle at S, G2/M phase, and 2) induction of apoptotic cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- S G Kang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eulji University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Koh CH, Kim GB, Maruya KA, Anderson JW, Jones JM, Kang SG. Induction of the P450 reporter gene system bioassay by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in Ulsan Bay (South Korea) sediments. Environ Pollut 2001; 111:437-445. [PMID: 11202748 DOI: 10.1016/s0269-7491(00)00087-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and induction of the P450 reporter gene system (RGS) for 6- and 16-h exposure periods were determined in organic extracts of Ulsan Bay (South Korea) sediments to assess the utility of this bioassay as a screening tool for PAH contamination. The sum of the concentrations of 23 individual PAHs in 30 sediment samples (sigma PAH) based on GC-MS analysis ranged from 0.05 to 6.1 micrograms/g dry wt. P450 RGS fold induction ranged from 4.0 to 320 micrograms/g based on benzo[a]pyrene toxic equivalents (BaPEq). P450 RGS BaPEq and the 'chemical BaPEq', defined as the sum of the products of individual PAH concentrations and pre-determined toxic equivalency factors, exhibited very strong positive correlations with sigma PAH (r2 > 0.90; P < 0.001). Fold induction did not increase (and in some cases decreased) after the optimal incubation period (6 h) for PAHs, indicating that other compounds known to induce the P450 RGS (e.g. chlorinated organics) were not present at levels effecting significant induction. This was supported by GC-ECD analysis where non-ortho and mono-ortho polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) known to be strong P450 RGS inducers were found to be at very low or non-detectable levels in samples with the highest P450 RGS responses. The profound difference in PAH profiles for the two most contaminated sites suggested that this assay is especially sensitive for selected PAHs with greater than four rings. Combined with previous results, the P450 RGS shows promise as a useful screening tool for predicting deleterious biological effects resulting from CYP1A1-inducing, sediment-associated chemicals, particularly high molecular weight PAHs.
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Affiliation(s)
- C H Koh
- Department of Oceanography, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, South Korea
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24
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Kang SG, Wright DA, Ko CH. Baseline metal concentration in the Asian periwinkle Littorina brevicula employed as a biomonitor to assess metal pollution in Korean coastal water. Sci Total Environ 2000; 263:143-153. [PMID: 11194148 DOI: 10.1016/s0048-9697(00)00695-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Concentrations of Al, Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn, V, Ni, Co, Cr, Cd and Pb in the Asian periwinkle Littorina brevicula were determined from 39 sampling locations along the whole Korean coast. Metal concentrations in the periwinkle varied highly with sampling stations, but the variations could be well explained by the body size after eliminating the data exceeding the 'High' criteria. Among the stations exceeding the 'High' criteria corresponding to mean plus one standard deviation of the logarithms of the individual site mean, some stations exhibited values higher than expected from the relationship between metal body burden and body size, indicating that these locations were polluted with metals. However, several 'High' stations followed the trends of the curve, suggesting that they resulted from the effect of their small body size, not from environmental contamination. Periwinkles of similar body sizes exhibited same range of metal concentrations in their body, independent of geographical position.
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Affiliation(s)
- S G Kang
- Department of Oceanography, Seoul National University, South Korea
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25
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Song HY, Jung HY, Park SI, Kim SB, Lee DH, Kang SG, Il Min Y. Covered retrievable expandable nitinol stents in patients with benign esophageal strictures: initial experience. Radiology 2000; 217:551-7. [PMID: 11058659 DOI: 10.1148/radiology.217.2.r00nv03551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the safety and clinical effectiveness of covered retrievable expandable nitinol stents in 25 patients with a benign esophageal stricture. MATERIALS AND METHODS Under fluoroscopic guidance, covered retrievable expandable nitinol stents were placed in 25 patients with a benign esophageal stricture and were removed with a retrieval hook 1-8 weeks later. RESULTS Stent placement was successful in all patients, with no procedural complications. After stent placement, all patients could ingest solid food. The stents were successfully removed from all but two patients. One patient passed the stent via the rectum, and the other regurgitated a high cervical stent. After stent removal, one patient developed a small esophagobronchial fistula, which spontaneously sealed within 1 week of stent removal. After stent removal or migration, all patients could ingest solid food. During follow-up (mean, 13 months; range, 2-25 months) after stent removal or migration, 12 patients maintained their improvement in dysphagia and needed no further treatment. Thirteen patients with recurrence were treated by means of repeat balloon dilation. CONCLUSION Use of retrievable expandable nitinol stents seems to be a safe and effective method of treatment in selected patients with benign esophageal strictures.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Y Song
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
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26
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Lee SH, Kim JY, Lee SK, Jin W, Kang SG, Lee KJ. Discriminatory detection of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases by restriction fragment length dimorphism-polymerase chain reaction. Lett Appl Microbiol 2000; 31:307-12. [PMID: 11068913 DOI: 10.1046/j.1472-765x.2000.00806.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Plasmid-mediated resistance mechanisms to beta-lactams, comprising mostly extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) production, lead to resistance against even the most recently developed beta-lactams in enterobacteria, which is now a serious threat to antibiotic therapy. In this work, the diagnostic ability of the restriction fragment length dimorphism (RFLD)-polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method in clinical samples was evaluated. Nine newly designed primer pairs were used to differentiate the genes encoding TEM-1a, SHV-12, MOX-1, MIR-1 and Toho-1 beta-lactamases. The RFLD-PCR was carried out successfully and these genes were differentiated by the sizes of their PCR product. This discriminatory detection of the genes was also confirmed by digestion with unique restriction enzyme sites and sequencing of the PCR products. The fragment sizes of PCR products digested with the enzymes were identical to the sizes calculated from nucleotide sequences of five beta-lactamase genes deposited in EMBL, GenBank and/or DDBJ databases and the sequences were also identical. In conclusion, the method and newly designed primers applied in this work can differentiate the ESBLs rapidly and effectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- S H Lee
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Youngdong University, Chungbuk, South Korea.
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Khim JS, Villeneuve DL, Kannan K, Hu WY, Giesy JP, Kang SG, Song KJ, Koh CH. Instrumental and bioanalytical measures of persistent organochlorines in blue mussel (Mytilus edulis) from Korean coastal waters. Arch Environ Contam Toxicol 2000; 39:360-368. [PMID: 10948287 DOI: 10.1007/s002440010116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Blue mussels (Mytilus edulis) collected from 34 locations along the south and east coast of Korea were analyzed for polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and organochlorine (OC) pesticides. Maximum concentrations of PCBs and total OC pesticides were 98.5 and 20.5 ng/g, wet weight, respectively. Extracts were fractionated by Florisil chromatography and each fraction was screened for dioxin-like activity in vitro, using recombinant rat hepatoma cells (H4IIE-luc). Fraction 2 (F-2), which contained hexachlorocyclohexanes, chlordanes, p,p'-DDD, and p,p'-DDT, generally elicited significant dioxin-like activity compared to control, whereas Fraction 1 (F-1), which contained PCBs, p,p'-DDE, and hexachlorobenzene, did not. The greatest magnitude of dioxin-like response observed was 44% of the maximum response elicited by a 2,000 pM 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) standard. The relatively low magnitudes of dioxin-like response observed for F-1 samples were consistent with the relatively low PCB concentrations. At concentrations equal to the maximum observed in the mussel samples, neither individual OC pesticides nor a mixture of OC pesticides yielded a significant dioxin-like response in the H4IIE-luc assay. Thus, the concentrations of OC pesticides in F-2 did not appear to have accounted for the dioxin-like activity observed. This suggests the presence of unidentified and/or unknown, acid-stable, dioxin-like compounds in F-2. This study suggests that in vitro bioassays are useful in assessing the contamination of mussels collected from coastal marine locations.
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Affiliation(s)
- J S Khim
- Department of Oceanography, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea
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Jung GS, Song HY, Kang SG, Huh JD, Park SJ, Koo JY, Cho YD. Malignant gastroduodenal obstructions: treatment by means of a covered expandable metallic stent-initial experience. Radiology 2000; 216:758-63. [PMID: 10966707 DOI: 10.1148/radiology.216.3.r00au05758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the technical feasibility and clinical effectiveness of a polyurethane-covered expandable nitinol stent in the treatment of malignant gastroduodenal obstructions. MATERIALS AND METHODS The stent was constructed in-house by weaving a single thread of 0.2-mm nitinol wire in a tubular configuration and was covered with polyurethane solution by means of a dipping method. With fluoroscopic guidance, the stent was placed in 19 consecutive patients with malignant gastric outlet obstruction (n = 15) or duodenal obstruction (n = 4). All patients had severe nausea and recurrent vomiting, and their obstructions were inoperable. RESULTS Stent placement was technically successful in all but one patient. After stent placement, symptoms improved in all but one patient, who had another stenosis at the proximal jejunum. One patient with stent placement in the second portion of the duodenum became jaundiced. During the mean follow-up of 11 weeks, stent migration occurred in five patients 1-4 days after the procedure. All patients with stent migration were treated by means of placing a second, uncovered nitinol stent. Two of these five patients showed recurrence of stricture because of tumor ingrowth; they underwent coaxial placement of a third, covered nitinol stent with good results. CONCLUSION Placement of a polyurethane-covered expandable nitinol stent seems to be technically feasible and effective for palliative treatment of inoperable malignant gastroduodenal obstructions. Stent migration, however, is problematic and requires further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- G S Jung
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, College of Medicine, Kosin University, Pusan, South Korea
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29
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Choi EJ, Ha CM, Kim MS, Kang JH, Park SK, Choi WS, Kang SG, Lee BJ. Central administration of an antisense oligodeoxynucleotide against type I pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide receptor suppresses synthetic activities of LHRH-LH axis during the pubertal process. Brain Res Mol Brain Res 2000; 80:35-45. [PMID: 11039727 DOI: 10.1016/s0169-328x(00)00116-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Central administration of an antisense oligodeoxynucleotide against type I pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide receptor suppresses synthetic activities of LHRH-LH axis during the pubertal process In the present study, we determined the expression of pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) and PACAP receptor type I (PAC1) genes during juvenile development and the pubertal process. Female rats were assigned--based on uterine weights, the presence and abundance of uterine fluid, and their vaginal patency--to one of the following: anestrus (AE), early proestrus (EP), late proestrus (LP) or first estrus (E). The hypothalami from 22-, 24- and 26-day-old animals and from those in the peripubertal phases of AE, EP, LP and E were collected, and the content of PACAP and PAC1 mRNA was assessed. These levels were found to decrease in EP and LP. To determine the effect of PACAP on prepubertal luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) and LH synthesis through PAC1, a PAC1 antisense oligodeoxynucleotide (ODN) was i.c.v.-administered, and mRNA levels of LHRH, LH beta, and LHRH receptor (LHRH-R) were determined. Prepubertal increases in LHRH, LH beta, and LHRH-R mRNA levels were markedly suppressed, and the onset of puberty was delayed by the i.c.v. injection of the antisense PAC1 ODN. These data suggest that PACAP may play a role in the regulation of hypothalamic LHRH neurons, through which it regulates synthetic machinery of pituitary LH, during the pubertal process.
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Affiliation(s)
- E J Choi
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, University of Ulsan, South Korea
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30
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Hong SY, Yoon WH, Park JH, Kang SG, Ahn JH, Lee TH. Involvement of two NF-kappa B binding elements in tumor necrosis factor alpha -, CD40-, and epstein-barr virus latent membrane protein 1-mediated induction of the cellular inhibitor of apoptosis protein 2 gene. J Biol Chem 2000; 275:18022-8. [PMID: 10751398 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m001202200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The antiapoptotic function of NF-kappaB is believed to be mediated through the induction of antiapoptotic genes. Among the antiapoptotic genes, cellular inhibitor of apoptosis protein 2 (c-IAP2/HIAP-1/MIHC) is originally identified as a molecule recruited to the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor complex, and its expression is preferentially up-regulated by TNF and other stimuli activating NF-kappaB. However, direct evidence of transcriptional regulation of NF-kappaB on the c-IAP2 gene is still missing. Here, we have cloned and characterized the promoter region required for NF-kappaB-dependent transcription of the c-IAP2 gene. Sequencing of a 3.5-kilobase fragment of the 5'-flanking region of the c-IAP2 gene has identified a TATA-like sequence and potential binding sites for nuclear factor of activated T cells, interferon regulatory factor 1, activator protein 1, glucocorticoid response element, and three putative NF-kappaB binding elements. Deletion and mutational analysis of the 5'-flanking region linked to the luciferase gene revealed that transcriptional activation by TNF or interleukin 1 is mediated cooperatively by two NF-kappaB binding sites. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays characterized that the two NF-kappaB sites can be recognized and bound by the NF-kappaB p50/p65 heterodimer. In addition, the transcription of c-IAP2 promoter was strongly up-regulated when CD40 or Epstein-Barr virus latent membrane protein 1 was overexpressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Y Hong
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, South Korea
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Kang SG, Park HU, Lee HS, Kim HT, Lee KJ. New beta -lactamase inhibitory protein (BLIP-I) from Streptomyces exfoliatus SMF19 and its roles on the morphological differentiation. J Biol Chem 2000; 275:16851-6. [PMID: 10747883 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m000227200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
A new beta-lactamase inhibitory protein (BLIP-I) from Streptomyces exfoliatus SMF19 was purified and characterized. The molecular mass of BLIP-I was estimated to be 17.5 kDa by gel filtration fast protein liquid chromatography. The N-terminal sequence was NH(2)-Asn-Ser-Gly-Phe-Ser-Ala-Glu-Lys-Tyr-Glu-Gln-Ile-Gln-Phe-Gly. BLIP-I inhibited Bacto(R) Penase (Difco), and plasmid encoded TEM-1 beta-lactamase, whereas it did not inhibit Enterobacter cloacae beta-lactamases. The K(i) value of BLIP-I against TEM-1 beta-lactamase was determined to be 0.047 nm. The gene (bliA) encoding BLIP-I protein was identified by screening a genomic library using an oligonucleotide probe with a sequence based on the N-terminal sequence of BLIP-I. Analysis of the nucleotide sequence revealed that the gene was 558 base pairs in length and encoded a mature protein of 157 amino acid residues preceded by a 29-amino acid signal sequence. Pairwise comparison of the deduced amino acid sequence showed 38% identity with BLIP of Streptomyces clavuligerus. Furthermore, the 49th amino acid residue of BLIP-I was identical to Asp-49 of BLIP that was characterized to be an important residue for the inhibitory activity of BLIP. A modified BLIP-I in which Asp-49 was replaced by alanine (D49A) was obtained by site-directed mutagenesis. The inhibitory activities of recombinant (r) BLIP-I and its D49A mutant derivative, expressed in Escherichia coli, were compared. The K(i) value of rBLIP-I against TEM-1 beta-lactamase was similar to that of wild-type BLIP-I, but the D49A mutation increased the K(i) of rBLIP-I inhibition approximately 200-fold. A disruption mutant of the bliA gene in S. exfoliatus SMF19 was obtained by replacing the wild-type bliA gene with a copy inactivated by inserting a hygromycin resistance gene. The disruption mutant showed a bald phenotype, indicating that the bliA gene plays a role in morphological differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- S G Kang
- School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea
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Kim HS, Song HY, Kim TH, Kang SG, Kim JH, Yoon HK, Sung KB. Use of a lacrimal stent retrieval hook in the removal of occluded plastic and expandable metallic lacrimal stents. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2000; 11:762-6. [PMID: 10877423 DOI: 10.1016/s1051-0443(07)61637-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the clinical usefulness of a stent retrieval hook in the removal of occluded lacrimal stents. MATERIALS AND METHODS The hook consisted of an inner hook part and an outer pusher part. Under administration of local anesthetic, the retrieval hook was introduced into the nasal cavity and aimed laterally toward the inferior meatus to grasp the distal end of the stent. After grasping the end of the stent, the sheath was pushed to fully grasp it. After that, the hook was pulled out of the external naris. The retrieval hook was used to remove 267 occluded lacrimal plastic or metallic stents. RESULTS Technical success rate was 97% in the removal of plastic stents and 96% in the removal of metallic stents. The causes of technical failure were entrenchment of granulation tissue into the stent in six plastic stents and one metallic stent, and inaccessibility of the hook to the distal tip of the stent in one plastic stent. These eight stents were removed by an otorhinolaryngologist or an ophthalmologist. Epistaxis occurred in six patients, which was controlled by a nasal pack. CONCLUSIONS The lacrimal stent retrieval hook seems useful for the removal of occluded stents.
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Affiliation(s)
- H S Kim
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Songpa-Gu, Seoul, Korea
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Lee CK, Kang HS, Lee BJ, Kang HM, Choi WS, Kang SG. Effects of dopamine and melatonin on the regulation of the PIT-1 isotype, placental growth hormone and lactogen gene expressions in the rat placenta. Mol Cells 1999; 9:646-51. [PMID: 10672932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Rat placenta produces several members of the placental prolactin-growth hormone (PRL-GH), including placental lactogen (PL) and placental prolactin like protein (PLP), during pregnancy. It is important to study placental local regulators that control the expression of PRL-GH genes. We have previously reported that dopamine (DA) can regulate Pit-1 and PL-II gene expressions. In this study we aimed to investigate the local expression of melatonin receptor 1a (Mel1a) and the effects of DA and melatonin on the expressions of PL-Iv, PL-II, PLP-C genes and Pit-1 gene that are involved in the expression of PRL-GH genes in the rat pituitary and placenta. According to the Northern blot analysis, DA receptor 2 (D2) was expressed in the rat placenta. We also report on the local expression of Mel1a in the rat placenta for the first time. Injected DA agonist, bromocriptine (in vivo) decreased PL-Iv, PLP-C and Pit-1 mRNA levels in the rat placenta. The melatonin agonist, chloromelatonin in culture media also decreased the levels of PL-Iv, PL-II and PLP-C mRNA. However, melatonin does not affect the Pit-1 mRNA level. These data suggest that D2 and Mel1a may control the expression of PRL-GH genes in the rat placenta and its response to the extracellular changes of DA and melatonin secreted from the maternal organ. However, Pit-1 may not be involved in the Mel1a induced inhibition of PRL-GH gene expressions in the rat placenta.
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Affiliation(s)
- C K Lee
- Department of Biology, College of Natural Sciences, Inje University, Kimhae, Korea
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Song HY, Shim TS, Kang SG, Jung GS, Lee DY, Kim TH, Park S, Ahn YM, Kim WS. Tracheobronchial strictures: treatment with a polyurethane-covered retrievable expandable nitinol stent--initial experience. Radiology 1999; 213:905-12. [PMID: 10580974 DOI: 10.1148/radiology.213.3.r99dc02905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
A polyurethane-covered retrievable expandable stent was placed in 13 patients with tracheobronchial strictures. In four patients with benign strictures, the stent was removed with use of a retrieval hook 2-6 months after placement. After stent removal, three of the four patients did not need further treatment. The retrievable stent warrants further investigation in the treatment of tracheobronchial strictures.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Y Song
- Dept of Diagnostic Radiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Korea.
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Abstract
The primary objective of this study was to develop a simple experimental model of angiogenesis by photodynamic thrombosis of the retinal veins in Sprague-Dawley rats. After a tail vein injection of rose bengal (40 mg/kg), all major retinal veins adjacent to the optic nerve head were photocoagulated with an argon green laser. The eyes were examined regularly for the following eight weeks. A grading system was devised using fluorescein angiograms and ADPase staining to describe the progression of the new vessels. Nine out of ten eyes showed development of the preretinal new vessels by day 14. Seven weeks after laser coagulation, 2 of 5 eyes developed localized tractional retinal detachment. Regression of the neovascularization was not noted in any of the animals during the follow-up period. The authors were able to establish an experimental model for preretinal neovascularization by vein occlusion. This model may be applied in study of the pathogenesis and treatment of retinal neovascularization.
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Affiliation(s)
- S G Kang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eulji University School of Medicine, Taejon, Korea
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Kang SG, Choi MS, Oh IS, Wright DA, Koh CH. Assessment of metal pollution in Onsan Bay, Korea using Asian periwinkle Littorina brevicula as a biomonitor. Sci Total Environ 1999; 234:127-37. [PMID: 10507153 DOI: 10.1016/s0048-9697(99)00168-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/13/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) concentrations in the marine gastropod, Littorina brevicula Philippi, were determined to assess the metal pollution in Onsan Bay, Korea. Samples of L. brevicula employed as a biomonitor and seawater were collected from 12 to 20 stations of Onsan Bay in November 1997, respectively. Dissolved metal concentrations in surface seawater were highest at the station near Onsan Non-ferrous Industrial Complex: 1.15 micrograms l-1 for Cd, 2.49 micrograms l-1 for Pb, 3.75 micrograms l-1 for Cu and 23.98 micrograms l-1 for Zn. These values were 1-2 orders higher than those shown at outer regions of the Bay. Metal concentrations in the soft body of periwinkles were highly variable at different sampling locations: 0.48-27.11 micrograms g-1 for Cd, 1.41-24.91 micrograms g-1 for Pb, 57-664 micrograms g-1 for Cu and 83-246 micrograms g-1 for Zn. The values from stations near the industrial complex were higher than those expected from relationships between body sizes and metal body burdens in periwinkles collected from the whole Korean coast. Spatial distribution of metal concentrations in the periwinkle and seawater indicated that Onsan industrial complex near the Bay is the input source of these metals. Especially, Cd and Pb concentrations in the periwinkle and seawater were distinctly decreased with distance from the Onsan industrial complex. Non-essential metals such as Cd and Pb in the periwinkle showed a strong correlation with dissolved metal concentrations in seawater. Conversely, essential Cu and Zn in the periwinkle were hardly explained by those in seawater, except at the most contaminated sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- S G Kang
- Department of Oceanography, Seoul National University, South Korea
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Piao HL, Pih KT, Lim JH, Kang SG, Jin JB, Kim SH, Hwang I. An Arabidopsis GSK3/shaggy-like gene that complements yeast salt stress-sensitive mutants is induced by NaCl and abscisic acid. Plant Physiol 1999; 119:1527-34. [PMID: 10198112 PMCID: PMC32038 DOI: 10.1104/pp.119.4.1527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/1998] [Accepted: 12/13/1998] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
GSK3/shaggy-like genes encode kinases that are involved in a variety of biological processes. By functional complementation of the yeast calcineurin mutant strain DHT22-1a with a NaCl stress-sensitive phenotype, we isolated the Arabidopsis cDNA AtGSK1, which encodes a GSK3/shaggy-like protein kinase. AtGSK1 rescued the yeast calcineurin mutant cells from the effects of high NaCl. Also, the AtGSK1 gene turned on the transcription of the NaCl stress-inducible PMR2A gene in the calcineurin mutant cells under NaCl stress. To further define the role of AtGSK1 in the yeast cells we introduced a deletion mutation at the MCK1 gene, a yeast homolog of GSK3, and examined the phenotype of the mutant. The mck1 mutant exhibited a NaCl stress-sensitive phenotype that was rescued by AtGSK1. Also, constitutive expression of MCK1 complemented the NaCl-sensitive phenotype of the calcineurin mutants. Therefore, these results suggest that Mck1p is involved in the NaCl stress signaling in yeast and that AtGSK1 may functionally replace Mck1p in the NaCl stress response in the calcineurin mutant. To investigate the biological function of AtGSK1 in Arabidopsis we examined the expression of AtGSK1. Northern-blot analysis revealed that the expression is differentially regulated in various tissues with a high level expression in flower tissues. In addition, the AtGSK1 expression was induced by NaCl and exogenously applied ABA but not by KCl. Taken together, these results suggest that AtGSK1 is involved in the osmotic stress response in Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- H L Piao
- Department of Molecular Biology, Biotechnology Research Center, Gyeongsang National University, Chinju, 660-701, Korea
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Pih KT, Kabilan V, Lim JH, Kang SG, Piao HL, Jin JB, Hwang I. Characterization of two new channel protein genes in Arabidopsis. Mol Cells 1999; 9:84-90. [PMID: 10102577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Aquaporins, small channel proteins, found in a variety of organisms are members of the major intrinsic protein (MIP) superfamily and have been shown to facilitate water transport when expressed in Xenopus oocytes. We isolated two Arabidopsis cDNAs, SIMIP and SITIP, that encode protein homologues of the MIP superfamily. SIMIP exhibits a high degree of sequence homology to PIP3 and MIP1, and thus may belong to the plasmamembrane intrinsic protein (PIP) subfamily, whereas salt-stress inducible tonoplast intrinsic protein (SITIP) is highly homologous to VM23 and gamma-TIP, and therefore may belong to the TIP subfamily. Expression studies revealed that the two genes showed a different expression pattern. The SIMIP gene was expressed in a tissue-specific manner, for example, its highest transcript level is found in flowers, relatively low levels in siliques, and very low level in leaves and roots. In contrast, SITIP was expressed in nearly equal amounts in all the tissues we examined. Also, the expression of SIMIP and SITIP showed a temporal regulation pattern. For example, the highest expression level was at 1 week after germination. In addition, the transcript levels of SIMIP and SMTIP were increased upon NaCl and ABA treatments. The biological function of the 2 genes were investigated using two NaCl stress-sensitive yeast mutant strains. The mutant yeast cells expressing these 2 genes were more resistant to high NaCl conditions. The results suggest that the proteins encoded by these genes may be involved in the osmoregulation in plants under high osmotic stress such as under a high salt condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- K T Pih
- Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center, Gyeongsang National University, Chinju, Korea
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Kang SG, Song HY, Lim MK, Yoon HK, Goo DE, Sung KB. Esophageal rupture during balloon dilation of strictures of benign or malignant causes: prevalence and clinical importance. Radiology 1998; 209:741-6. [PMID: 9844668 DOI: 10.1148/radiology.209.3.9844668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To review the prevalence and clinical importance of esophageal rupture during balloon dilation for treatment of esophageal stricture. MATERIALS AND METHODS Fluoroscopically guided esophageal balloon dilation was performed within 9 years in 96 consecutive patients with esophageal strictures. Esophageal rupture was classified into three types: type 1 was intramural; type 2, transmural; and type 3, transmural with mediastinal leakage. RESULTS Each patient underwent one to seven procedures, for a total of 191 procedures. Esophageal rupture occurred in 20 patients (21%). Type 1 esophageal rupture occurred in eight patients, type 2 in 11, and type 3 in one. All esophageal ruptures were detected immediately after the procedure. Sixteen patients were treated with fasting, parenteral alimentation, and antibiotics; two were treated surgically; and two were treated with stent placement. No treatment-related deaths occurred. CONCLUSION The overall prevalence of esophageal rupture was 21%. A substantial number of patients who developed type 1 rupture had associated clinical symptoms, such as pain and fever, but responded to conservative management and are thus included as having complications of esophageal balloon dilation.
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Affiliation(s)
- S G Kang
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
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Kang SG, Jin W, Bibb M, Lee KJ. Actinorhodin and undecylprodigiosin production in wild-type and relA mutant strains of Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2) grown in continuous culture. FEMS Microbiol Lett 1998; 168:221-6. [PMID: 9835032 DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6968.1998.tb13277.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of growth rate and nutrient feed rate on the production of actinorhodin (Act) and undecylprodigiosin (Red) were determined in Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2) and in a congenic relA null-mutant known to be deficient in ppGpp synthesis and antibiotic production under conditions of nitrogen limitation. In the relA+ strain, Act production was inversely related to specific growth rate in continuous cultures limited by glucose, ammonium, or phosphate, while Red biosynthesis was optimal at 0.05 h-1 regardless of the specific nutrient limitation. Production of Act and Red in the relA mutant was lower than that of the parental strain, particularly under conditions of glucose- and ammonium-limitation, indicating an important and general role for ppGpp in determining the onset of the antibiotic biosynthesis under conditions of nutrient limitation. At constant growth rate, but with varying nutrient feed rates, the specific rate of Act production was adversely influenced by increasing levels of glucose, ammonium, and phosphate, with phosphate having the greatest inhibitory effect. Under the same conditions, the specific rate of Red production was stimulated by increasing glucose levels, but markedly decreased by increased levels of phosphate.
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Affiliation(s)
- S G Kang
- Department of Microbiology, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, South Korea
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41
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Kang SG, Jin JB, Piao HL, Pih KT, Jang HJ, Lim JH, Hwang I. Molecular cloning of an Arabidopsis cDNA encoding a dynamin-like protein that is localized to plastids. Plant Mol Biol 1998; 38:437-47. [PMID: 9747851 DOI: 10.1023/a:1006099718761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Dynamin-related proteins are high molecular weight GTPase proteins found in a variety of eukaryotic cells from yeast to human. They are involved in diverse biological processes that include endocytosis in animal cells and vacuolar protein sorting in yeast. We isolated a new gene, ADL2, that encodes a dynamin-like protein in Arabidopsis. The ADL2 cDNA is 2.68 kb in size and has an open reading frame for 809 amino acid residues with a calculated molecular mass of 90 kDa. Sequence analysis of ADL2 revealed a high degree of amino acid sequence similarity to other members of the dynamin superfamily. Among those members ADL2 was most closely related to Dnm1p of yeast and thus appears to be a member of the Vps1p subfamily. Expression studies showed that the ADL2 gene is widely expressed in various tissues with highest expression in flower tissues. In vivo targeting experiments showed that ADL2:smGFP fusion protein is localized to chloroplasts in soybean photoautroph cells. In addition experiments with deletion constructs revealed that the N-terminal 35 amino acid residues were sufficient to direct the smGFP into chloroplasts in tobacco protoplasts when expressed as a fusion protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- S G Kang
- Department of Molecular Biology, Gyeongsang National University, Chinju, Korea
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42
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Song HY, Lee DH, Ahn H, Kim JH, Kang SG, Yoon HK, Sung KB. Lacrimal system obstruction treated with lacrimal polyurethane stents: outcome of removal of occluded stents. Radiology 1998; 208:689-94. [PMID: 9722847 DOI: 10.1148/radiology.208.3.9722847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To describe the short- and long-term outcomes of the removal of occluded stents. MATERIALS AND METHODS With fluoroscopic guidance, 571 lacrimal polyurethane stents were placed in 502 patients with epiphora due to obstruction of the lacrimal system. Of the 571 stents, 142 were removed 2 weeks to 42 months (mean, 7 months) after placement because of recurrent epiphora, and the lacrimal system was irrigated with saline solution through the lacrimal point. RESULTS Stent removal was well tolerated. Mild epistaxis occurred in one patient and was controlled with a nasal pack. Recurrent epiphora was due to obstruction of the stent with mucoid material in 49 (35%) of 142 systems and granulation tissue in 93 (65%) systems. After stent removal, 73 (51%) of the 142 lacrimal systems showed improvement of epiphora, with a patent lacrimal system at 7-day follow-up dacryocystography. During the follow-up of 2 weeks to 49 months (mean, 22 months) after stent removal, patency was maintained in 24 (33%) of the 73 lacrimal systems. CONCLUSION Removal of an occluded lacrimal plastic stent was easy and safe. Recurrent epiphora after placement of lacrimal plastic stents can be treated with removal of the occluded stents an irrigation with saline solution through the lacrimal point, which resulted in a patent lacrimal system in 33% of cases in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Y Song
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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43
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Jang HJ, Pih KT, Kang SG, Lim JH, Jin JB, Piao HL, Hwang I. Molecular cloning of a novel Ca2+-binding protein that is induced by NaCl stress. Plant Mol Biol 1998; 37:839-47. [PMID: 9678579 DOI: 10.1023/a:1006043006211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Plant responses to high salt stress have been studied for several decades. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying these responses still elude us. In order to understand better the molecular mechanism related to NaCl stress in plants, we initiated the cloning of a large number of NaCl-induced genes in Arabidopsis. Here, we report the cloning of a cDNA encoding a novel Ca2+-binding protein, named AtCP1, which shares sequence similarities with calmodulins. AtCP1 exhibits, in particular, a high degree of amino acid sequence homology to the Ca2+-binding loops of the EF hands of calmodulin. However, unlike calmodulin, AtCP1 appears to have only three Ca2+-binding loops. We examined Ca2+ binding of the protein by a Ca2+-dependent electrophoretic mobility shift assay. A recombinant AtCP1 protein that was expressed in Escherichia coli did show a Ca2+-dependent electrophoretic mobility shift. To gain insight into the expression of the AtCP1 gene, northern blot analysis was carried out. The AtCP1 gene had a tissue-specific expression pattern: high levels of expression in flower and root tissues and nearly undetectable levels in leaves and siliques. Also, the expression of the AtCP1 gene was induced by NaCl treatment but not by ABA treatment. Finally, subcellular localization experiments using an AtCP1:smGFP fusion gene in soybean suspension culture cells and tobacco leaf protoplasts indicate that AtCP1 is most likely a cytosolic protein.
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MESH Headings
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Arabidopsis/genetics
- Arabidopsis Proteins
- Calcium/metabolism
- Calcium-Binding Proteins/genetics
- Calcium-Binding Proteins/metabolism
- Cells, Cultured
- Cloning, Molecular
- DNA, Complementary/genetics
- Gene Expression Regulation, Plant/drug effects
- Genes, Plant/genetics
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Plants, Toxic
- Protoplasts
- RNA, Messenger/analysis
- RNA, Plant/analysis
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism
- Sequence Analysis, DNA
- Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
- Signal Transduction
- Sodium Chloride/pharmacology
- Glycine max
- Nicotiana
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Affiliation(s)
- H J Jang
- Department of Molecular Biology, Gyeongsang National University, Chinju, Korea
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Lee CK, Kang HS, Lee BJ, Kang HM, Choi WS, Kang SG. Effects of dopamine and estrogen on the regulation of Pit-1 alpha, Pit-1 beta, and PL-II gene expression in the rat placenta. Mol Cells 1998; 8:205-11. [PMID: 9638653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Pituitary-specific transcription factor Pit-1 regulates growth hormone and prolactin gene expression in the pituitary. Recently, Pit-1 was shown to be locally synthesized in the rat placenta and is involved in the regulation of rat placental lactogen (PL) gene expression. Pit-1 has three different splicing variants. They are well known as being biologically active. In the present study, we found that Pit-1 beta is also synthesized in the rat placenta and we tried to examine the effects of dopamine and estrogen on the regulation of Pit-1 alpha, beta and PL-II genes expression using the reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Northern blot hybridization. A dopamine receptor agonist, bromocriptine, significantly decreased placental Pit-1 alpha, beta, and PL-II mRNA levels. To examine the effect of estrogen on the gene expression of Pit-1 beta, pregnant female rats were ovariectomized (OVX) and injected daily with 17 beta-estradiol. OVX markedly lowered the amount of Pit-1 beta mRNA. Estrogen injection recovered the OVX-induced inhibition of Pit-1 beta mRNA level. Finally, we investigated the site-specific transcription of Pit-1 alpha and beta mRNA in the labyrinth zone and junctional zone of the placental in 15 and 20 days of gestation. The main site of Pit-1 alpha and beta synthesis was shifted from the junctional zone to the labyrinth zone from 15 to 20 days of gestation. Together, these data presume that Pit-1 beta may play a more important role in the placenta than in the pituitary and that Pit-1 may be involved in the regulation of the PL and prolactin-like peptide by estrogen and dopamine in the rat placenta.
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Affiliation(s)
- C K Lee
- Department of Biology, College of Natural Sciences, Inje University, Kimhae, Korea
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45
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Lu Q, Schierer T, Kang SG, Henderson E. Purification, characterization and molecular cloning of TGP1, a novel G-DNA binding protein from Tetrahymena thermophila. Nucleic Acids Res 1998; 26:1613-20. [PMID: 9512530 PMCID: PMC147456 DOI: 10.1093/nar/26.7.1613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
G-DNA, a polymorphic family of four-stranded DNA structures, has been proposed to play roles in a variety of biological processes including telomere function, meiotic recombination and gene regulation. Here we report the purification and cloning of TGP1, a G-DNA specific binding protein from Tetrahymena thermophila. TGP1 was purified by three-column chromatographies, including a G-DNA affinity column. Two major proteins (approximately 80 and approximately 40 kDa) were present in the most highly purified column fraction. Renaturation experiments showed that the approximately 80 kDa protein contains TGP1 activity. Biochemical characterization showed that TGP1 is a G-DNA specific binding protein with a preference for parallel G-DNAs. The TGP1/DNA complex has a dissociation constant (Kd) of approximately 2.2 x 10(-8) M and TGP1 can form supershift in gel mobility shift assays. The cDNA coding TGP1 was cloned and sequenced based upon an internal peptide sequence obtained from the approximately 80 kDa protein. Sequence analyses showed that TGP1 is a basic protein with a pI of 10.58, and contains two extensively hydrophilic and basic domains. Homology searches revealed that TGP1 is a novel protein sharing weak similarities with a number of proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Q Lu
- Department of Zoology and Genetics and Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology Program, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
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46
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Park JM, Cho JH, Kang SG, Jang HJ, Pih KT, Piao HL, Cho MJ, Hwang I. A dynamin-like protein in Arabidopsis thaliana is involved in biogenesis of thylakoid membranes. EMBO J 1998; 17:859-67. [PMID: 9463364 PMCID: PMC1170435 DOI: 10.1093/emboj/17.4.859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Dynamin, a GTP-binding protein found in rat brain, plays a role in endocytosis. Suborganellar fractionation studies of Arabidopsis leaf tissue revealed that a dynamin-like protein, ADL1, is localized in the thylakoid membranes of chloroplasts. This notion was supported further by in vivo targeting experiments using an ADL1-green fluorescent fusion protein and immunogold labeling with the anti-ADL1 antibody. Transgenic plants harboring various deletion mutant genes of ADL1 had a yellow leaf phenotype where the cells had very few chloroplasts. In addition, the remaining chloroplasts appeared morphologically not fully developed. The detailed structure of the chloroplasts revealed by electron microscopy showed a greatly reduced amount of thylakoid membranes. Also, the level of thylakoid membrane proteins such as the light-harvesting complex II and CP29 was greatly reduced in these transgenic plants. When we examined the expression of the ADL1 deletion mutant genes, these genes were highly expressed at the transcriptional level. However, the mutant ADL1s were not detectable at the protein level by Western blot analysis. Moreover, the endogenous ADL1 protein level was greatly reduced in these transgenic plants, probably due to a post-transcriptional silencing effect of the transgenes. We propose, therefore, that ADLl is involved in the biogenesis of thylakoid membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Park
- Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center, Gyeongsang National University, Chinju, Korea
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47
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Kim MO, Kim JH, Choi WS, Lee BH, Cho GJ, Roh SM, Lee BJ, Kang SG, Kim CH, Baik SH. Colocalization of dopamine D1 and D2 receptor mRNAs in rat placenta. Mol Cells 1997; 7:710-4. [PMID: 9509409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Dopamine is present in the human placenta. The major function of dopamine is the inhibition of human placental lactogen (hPL) release from human trophoblastic cells. This effect is mediated by cAMP through dopamine D2 receptors. However, studies on the effects of cAMP in the control of hPL release have yielded conflicting results. The purpose of this study is to explore the distribution of dopamine receptors in the rat placenta. Dopamine D1 and D2 receptor mRNAs were colocalized in the rat placenta by in situ hybridization histochemistry using radiolabeled cRNA probes. Dopamine D1 and D2 receptor mRNAs were detected in large cells of the endometrium of the uterus on day 10 of gestation. On days 12-16 of gestation, hybridization signals were localized mainly in the spongiotrophoblast and giant cells of the junctional zone of the placenta. With the development of the placenta, signals were moving from the junctional zone to the labyrinth zone. Pit-1 mRNA was detected in the placental lactotrophs and was also colocalized in neighboring placental sections. Our results clearly showed that dopamine D1 and D2 receptor mRNAs were coexpressed in the placental lactotrophs that express Pit-1 mRNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- M O Kim
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Chinju, Korea
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Yoon HK, Sung KB, Song HY, Kang SG, Kim MH, Lee SG, Lee SK, Auh YH. Benign biliary strictures associated with recurrent pyogenic cholangitis: treatment with expandable metallic stents. AJR Am J Roentgenol 1997; 169:1523-7. [PMID: 9393156 DOI: 10.2214/ajr.169.6.9393156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to determine the long-term effectiveness of expandable metallic stents in benign biliary strictures associated with recurrent pyogenic cholangitis and the differences in primary patency of the various types of stents deployed. SUBJECTS AND METHODS During a 20-month period, 26 metallic stents (19 Gianturco-Rosch Z stents and seven Strecker stents) were used to treat benign biliary strictures associated with recurrent pyogenic cholangitis in 23 patients (11 men and 12 women; mean age, 42 years; range, 30-78 years). Insertion routes were percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage tracts for 16 stents, T-tube tracts for seven stents, and retrograde endoscopic routes for three stents. The deployed locations were common hepatic or common bile ducts for 11 stents, right or left hepatic ducts for 10 stents, and segmental ducts for five stents. RESULTS The initial technical success rate was 100%. Two stents in one patient migrated spontaneously. Primary stent patency for the remaining 24 stents was 34 months (range, 3-58 months). Primary stent patency of the Gianturco-Rosch Z and Strecker stents was 50 and 10 months, respectively (p < .05). Primary stent patency for the intrahepatic and extrahepatic ducts was 50 and 18 months, respectively (p = .05). Primary patency rates for all stents at 6, 12, 24, and 36 months were 92%, 75%, 67%, and 46%, respectively. The causes of stent obstruction were recurrent stone or sludge in eight stents and epithelial hyperplasia in five stents. CONCLUSION We believe that metallic stent placement is not an effective long-term treatment technique for benign biliary stricture associated with recurrent pyogenic cholangitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- H K Yoon
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Songpa-gu, Seoul, South Korea
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Kim MO, Lee YK, Choi WS, Kim JH, Hwang SK, Lee BJ, Kang SG, Kim K, Baik SH. Prolonged ethanol intake increases D2 dopamine receptor expression in the rat brain. Mol Cells 1997; 7:682-7. [PMID: 9387158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Dopamine via interaction with its receptor is known to be involved in the behavioral and endocrine actions in the mammalian brain. Behavioral effects produced by ethanol appear to be due to its actions on the dopaminergic system. In the present study using in situ hybridization histochemistry and RNase protection assay, the effect of prolonged ethanol intake on the expression of D2 dopamine receptor mRNA was examined in the rat brain. Specific D1 and D2 receptor mRNA signals were detected in the caudate putamen, nucleus accumbens, olfactory tubercle, hippocampus, dentate gyrus, and amygdaloid complex of the rat brain. Within the hypothalamus, the level of receptor mRNA was low in most nuclei with a somewhat higher level in the arcuate nucleus. Only the supurachiasmatic nucleus showed moderate to dense dopamine receptor mRNAs. Prefrontal cortex showed hybridization signals but their intensity was very low. A considerable amount of D2 mRNA was localized in the substantia nigra but D1 mRNA was not. Ethanol (10%) intake for 5 weeks increased both the density of hybridization signal and number of cells expressing D2 dopamine receptor mRNA in the caudate putamen, and nucleus accumbens, but not in the olfactory tubercle. RNase protection assay revealed about a 1.5-fold increase in the D2 dopamine receptor mRNA level in the corpus striatum. These results provide a basis for the involvement of dopamine D2 receptor expression in alcoholism.
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Affiliation(s)
- M O Kim
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Chinju, Korea
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Abstract
Intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) is an inducible glycoprotein that interacts with the leukocyte beta 2-integrins, LFA-1 and Mac-1. We have isolated and analyzed a cDNA clone coding for the putative bovine ICAM-1 gene and compared it with known comparative sequences from other species as well as bovine ICAM-3. The 3398-bp bovine ICAM-1 cDNA sequence codes for 535 amino acids and shows 57% homology with human ICAM-1 and 47% homology with bovine ICAM-3 at the amino acid levels. The predicted number and positions of cysteine residues in bovine ICAM-1 are all conserved among species including bovine ICAM-3. It has two arginine-glycine-aspartate (RGD) sites in the extracellular region and a serine residue in the cytoplasmic tail. Northern blot results show that the bovine ICAM-1 gene is expressed in stimulated leukocytes whereas bovine ICAM-3 is expressed predominantly in resting neutrophils.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Lee
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Preventive Medicine, Iowa State University Ames 50010, USA
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