1
|
Orthofer M, Valsesia A, Mägi R, Wang QP, Kaczanowska J, Kozieradzki I, Leopoldi A, Cikes D, Zopf LM, Tretiakov EO, Demetz E, Hilbe R, Boehm A, Ticevic M, Nõukas M, Jais A, Spirk K, Clark T, Amann S, Lepamets M, Neumayr C, Arnold C, Dou Z, Kuhn V, Novatchkova M, Cronin SJF, Tietge UJF, Müller S, Pospisilik JA, Nagy V, Hui CC, Lazovic J, Esterbauer H, Hagelkruys A, Tancevski I, Kiefer FW, Harkany T, Haubensak W, Neely GG, Metspalu A, Hager J, Gheldof N, Penninger JM. Identification of ALK in Thinness. Cell 2020; 181:1246-1262.e22. [PMID: 32442405 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2020.04.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2019] [Revised: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
There is considerable inter-individual variability in susceptibility to weight gain despite an equally obesogenic environment in large parts of the world. Whereas many studies have focused on identifying the genetic susceptibility to obesity, we performed a GWAS on metabolically healthy thin individuals (lowest 6th percentile of the population-wide BMI spectrum) in a uniquely phenotyped Estonian cohort. We discovered anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) as a candidate thinness gene. In Drosophila, RNAi mediated knockdown of Alk led to decreased triglyceride levels. In mice, genetic deletion of Alk resulted in thin animals with marked resistance to diet- and leptin-mutation-induced obesity. Mechanistically, we found that ALK expression in hypothalamic neurons controls energy expenditure via sympathetic control of adipose tissue lipolysis. Our genetic and mechanistic experiments identify ALK as a thinness gene, which is involved in the resistance to weight gain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Orthofer
- IMBA, Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna 1030, Austria
| | - Armand Valsesia
- Metabolic Phenotyping, Nestlé Research, EPFL Innovation Park, Lausanne 1015, Switzerland
| | - Reedik Mägi
- Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu 51010, Estonia
| | - Qiao-Ping Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | | | - Ivona Kozieradzki
- IMBA, Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna 1030, Austria
| | - Alexandra Leopoldi
- IMBA, Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna 1030, Austria
| | - Domagoj Cikes
- IMBA, Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna 1030, Austria
| | - Lydia M Zopf
- Vienna BioCenter Core Facilities GmbH (VBCF), Vienna 1030, Austria
| | - Evgenii O Tretiakov
- Department of Molecular Neurosciences, Center for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, Spitalgasse 4, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Egon Demetz
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck 6020, Austria
| | - Richard Hilbe
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck 6020, Austria
| | - Anna Boehm
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck 6020, Austria
| | - Melita Ticevic
- IMBA, Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna 1030, Austria
| | - Margit Nõukas
- Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu 51010, Estonia
| | - Alexander Jais
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Katrin Spirk
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Teleri Clark
- Dr. John and Anne Chong Lab for Functional Genomics, Charles Perkins Centre, Centenary Institute, and School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Sabine Amann
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Maarja Lepamets
- Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu 51010, Estonia
| | | | - Cosmas Arnold
- IMP, Institute of Molecular Pathology, Vienna 1030, Austria
| | - Zhengchao Dou
- Program in Developmental & Stem Cell Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada; Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Volker Kuhn
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck 6020, Austria
| | | | - Shane J F Cronin
- IMBA, Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna 1030, Austria
| | - Uwe J F Tietge
- Division of Clinical Chemistry, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institute, 141 52 Huddinge, Sweden; Clinical Chemistry, Karolinska University Laboratory, Karolinska University Hospital, 141 86 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Simone Müller
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinärplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - J Andrew Pospisilik
- Center for Epigenetics, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
| | - Vanja Nagy
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Rare and Undiagnosed Diseases, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Chi-Chung Hui
- Program in Developmental & Stem Cell Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada; Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Jelena Lazovic
- Vienna BioCenter Core Facilities GmbH (VBCF), Vienna 1030, Austria
| | - Harald Esterbauer
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Astrid Hagelkruys
- IMBA, Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna 1030, Austria
| | - Ivan Tancevski
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck 6020, Austria
| | - Florian W Kiefer
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Tibor Harkany
- Department of Molecular Neurosciences, Center for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, Spitalgasse 4, Vienna 1090, Austria; Section for Chemical Neurotransmission, Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicum 7D, Solnavägen 9, 17165 Solna, Sweden
| | - Wulf Haubensak
- IMP, Institute of Molecular Pathology, Vienna 1030, Austria
| | - G Gregory Neely
- Dr. John and Anne Chong Lab for Functional Genomics, Charles Perkins Centre, Centenary Institute, and School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Andres Metspalu
- Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu 51010, Estonia
| | - Jorg Hager
- Metabolic Phenotyping, Nestlé Research, EPFL Innovation Park, Lausanne 1015, Switzerland.
| | - Nele Gheldof
- Metabolic Phenotyping, Nestlé Research, EPFL Innovation Park, Lausanne 1015, Switzerland.
| | - Josef M Penninger
- IMBA, Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna 1030, Austria; Department of Medical Genetics, Life Science Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Baumgartner A, Amann S, Werz M, Herkommer A, Dressel M, Fella S. Near-infrared optical investigations of snow, ice, and water layers on diffuse reflecting surfaces. Rev Sci Instrum 2018; 89:123106. [PMID: 30599544 DOI: 10.1063/1.5049652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 11/11/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
While most experiments on water or ice utilize rather complex, elaborate, and expensive apparatus in order to obtain reliable optical data, here we present a simple and affordable setup that enables us to perform near-infrared measurements on water, ice, and snow on top of rough diffuse reflecting surfaces such as concrete, stone, pavement, or asphalt. By using the properties of diffuse scattering instead of specular reflection, we are able to determine the imaginary part of the refraction index of water without using any liquid cells. In addition, we demonstrate that the snow spectra can be well described by newly developed two-dimensional ray tracing simulations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Baumgartner
- 1. Physikalisches Institut, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, 70550 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - S Amann
- Robert Bosch GmbH, Robert-Bosch-Allee 1, 74232 Abstatt, Germany
| | - M Werz
- Robert Bosch GmbH, Robert-Bosch-Allee 1, 74232 Abstatt, Germany
| | - A Herkommer
- Institut für Technische Optik, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 9, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - M Dressel
- 1. Physikalisches Institut, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, 70550 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - S Fella
- Robert Bosch GmbH, Robert-Bosch-Allee 1, 74232 Abstatt, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Mueller KM, Hartmann K, Kaltenecker D, Vettorazzi S, Bauer M, Mauser L, Amann S, Jall S, Fischer K, Esterbauer H, Müller TD, Tschöp MH, Magnes C, Haybaeck J, Scherer T, Bordag N, Tuckermann JP, Moriggl R. Erratum. Adipocyte Glucocorticoid Receptor Deficiency Attenuates Aging- and HFD-Induced Obesity and Impairs the Feeding-Fasting Transition. Diabetes 2017;66:272-286. Diabetes 2018; 67:343-344. [PMID: 29146629 PMCID: PMC5780055 DOI: 10.2337/db18-er02a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
|
4
|
de With K, Allerberger F, Amann S, Apfalter P, Brodt HR, Eckmanns T, Fellhauer M, Geiss HK, Janata O, Krause R, Lemmen S, Meyer E, Mittermayer H, Porsche U, Presterl E, Reuter S, Sinha B, Strauß R, Wechsler-Fördös A, Wenisch C, Kern WV. Strategies to enhance rational use of antibiotics in hospital: a guideline by the German Society for Infectious Diseases. Infection 2017; 44:395-439. [PMID: 27066980 PMCID: PMC4889644 DOI: 10.1007/s15010-016-0885-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Introduction In the time of increasing resistance and paucity of new drug development there is a growing need for strategies to enhance rational use of antibiotics in German and Austrian hospitals. An evidence-based guideline on recommendations for implementation of antibiotic stewardship (ABS) programmes was developed by the German Society for Infectious Diseases in association with the following societies, associations and institutions: German Society of Hospital Pharmacists, German Society for Hygiene and Microbiology, Paul Ehrlich Society for Chemotherapy, The Austrian Association of Hospital Pharmacists, Austrian Society for Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Austrian Society for Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Robert Koch Institute. Materials and methods A structured literature research was performed in the databases EMBASE, BIOSIS, MEDLINE and The Cochrane Library from January 2006 to November 2010 with an update to April 2012 (MEDLINE and The Cochrane Library). The grading of recommendations in relation to their evidence is according to the AWMF Guidance Manual and Rules for Guideline Development. Conclusion The guideline provides the grounds for rational use of antibiotics in hospital to counteract antimicrobial resistance and to improve the quality of care of patients with infections by maximising clinical outcomes while minimising toxicity. Requirements for a successful implementation of ABS programmes as well as core and supplemental ABS strategies are outlined. The German version of the guideline was published by the German Association of the Scientific Medical Societies (AWMF) in December 2013.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K de With
- Division of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus at the TU Dresden, Fetscherstr. 74, 01307, Dresden, Germany.
| | - F Allerberger
- Division Public Health, Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety (AGES), Vienna, Austria
| | - S Amann
- Hospital Pharmacy, Munich Municipal Hospital, Munich, Germany
| | - P Apfalter
- Institute for Hygiene, Microbiology and Tropical Medicine (IHMT), National Reference Centre for Nosocomial Infections and Antimicrobial Resistance, Elisabethinen Hospital Linz, Linz, Austria
| | - H-R Brodt
- Department of Infectious Disease Medical Clinic II, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - T Eckmanns
- Department for Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - M Fellhauer
- Hospital Pharmacy, Schwarzwald-Baar Hospital, Villingen-Schwenningen, Germany
| | - H K Geiss
- Department of Hospital Epidemiology and Infectiology, Sana Kliniken AG, Ismaning, Germany
| | - O Janata
- Department for Hygiene and Infection Control, Danube Hospital, Vienna, Austria
| | - R Krause
- Section of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - S Lemmen
- Division of Infection Control and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - E Meyer
- Institute of Hygiene and Environmental Medicine, Charité, University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - H Mittermayer
- Institute for Hygiene, Microbiology and Tropical Medicine (IHMT), National Reference Centre for Nosocomial Infections and Antimicrobial Resistance, Elisabethinen Hospital Linz, Linz, Austria
| | - U Porsche
- Department for Clinical Pharmacy and Drug Information, Landesapotheke, Landeskliniken Salzburg (SALK), Salzburg, Austria
| | - E Presterl
- Department of Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - S Reuter
- Clinic for General Internal Medicine, Infectious Diseases, Pneumology and Osteology, Klinikum Leverkusen, Leverkusen, Germany
| | - B Sinha
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - R Strauß
- Department of Medicine 1, Gastroenterology, Pneumology and Endocrinology, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - A Wechsler-Fördös
- Department of Antibiotics and Infection Control, Krankenanstalt Rudolfstiftung, Vienna, Austria
| | - C Wenisch
- Medical Department of Infection and Tropical Medicine, Kaiser Franz Josef Hospital, Vienna, Austria
| | - W V Kern
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Freiburg University Medical Center, Freiburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Mueller KM, Hartmann K, Kaltenecker D, Vettorazzi S, Bauer M, Mauser L, Amann S, Jall S, Fischer K, Esterbauer H, Müller TD, Tschöp MH, Magnes C, Haybaeck J, Scherer T, Bordag N, Tuckermann JP, Moriggl R. Adipocyte Glucocorticoid Receptor Deficiency Attenuates Aging- and HFD-Induced Obesity and Impairs the Feeding-Fasting Transition. Diabetes 2017; 66:272-286. [PMID: 27650854 DOI: 10.2337/db16-0381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2016] [Accepted: 09/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Glucocorticoids (GCs) are important regulators of systemic energy metabolism, and aberrant GC action is linked to metabolic dysfunctions. Yet, the extent to which normal and pathophysiological energy metabolism depend on the GC receptor (GR) in adipocytes remains unclear. Here, we demonstrate that adipocyte GR deficiency in mice significantly impacts systemic metabolism in different energetic states. Plasma metabolomics and biochemical analyses revealed a marked global effect of GR deficiency on systemic metabolite abundance and, thus, substrate partitioning in fed and fasted states. This correlated with a decreased lipolytic capacity of GR-deficient adipocytes under postabsorptive and fasting conditions, resulting from impaired signal transduction from β-adrenergic receptors to adenylate cyclase. Upon prolonged fasting, the impaired lipolytic response resulted in abnormal substrate utilization and lean mass wasting. Conversely, GR deficiency attenuated aging-/diet-associated obesity, adipocyte hypertrophy, and liver steatosis. Systemic glucose tolerance was improved in obese GR-deficient mice, which was associated with increased insulin signaling in muscle and adipose tissue. We conclude that the GR in adipocytes exerts central but diverging roles in the regulation of metabolic homeostasis depending on the energetic state. The adipocyte GR is indispensable for the feeding-fasting transition but also promotes adiposity and associated metabolic disorders in fat-fed and aged mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kristina M Mueller
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cancer Research, Vienna, Austria
| | - Kerstin Hartmann
- Institute for Comparative Molecular Endocrinology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Sabine Vettorazzi
- Institute for Comparative Molecular Endocrinology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Mandy Bauer
- Institute for Comparative Molecular Endocrinology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Lea Mauser
- Institute for Comparative Molecular Endocrinology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Sabine Amann
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sigrid Jall
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Diabetes Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH) and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
- Division of Metabolic Diseases, Department of Medicine, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Katrin Fischer
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Diabetes Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH) and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
- Division of Metabolic Diseases, Department of Medicine, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Harald Esterbauer
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Timo D Müller
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Diabetes Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH) and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
- Division of Metabolic Diseases, Department of Medicine, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Matthias H Tschöp
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Diabetes Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH) and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
- Division of Metabolic Diseases, Department of Medicine, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Christoph Magnes
- HEALTH Institute for Biomedicine and Health Sciences, JOANNEUM RESEARCH, Forschungsgesellschaft mbH, Graz, Austria
| | | | - Thomas Scherer
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Natalie Bordag
- Center for Biomarker Research in Medicine, CBmed GmbH, Graz, Austria
| | - Jan P Tuckermann
- Institute for Comparative Molecular Endocrinology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Richard Moriggl
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cancer Research, Vienna, Austria
- Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Jais A, Einwallner E, Sharif O, Gossens K, Lu TTH, Soyal SM, Medgyesi D, Neureiter D, Paier-Pourani J, Dalgaard K, Duvigneau JC, Lindroos-Christensen J, Zapf TC, Amann S, Saluzzo S, Jantscher F, Stiedl P, Todoric J, Martins R, Oberkofler H, Müller S, Hauser-Kronberger C, Kenner L, Casanova E, Sutterlüty-Fall H, Bilban M, Miller K, Kozlov AV, Krempler F, Knapp S, Lumeng CN, Patsch W, Wagner O, Pospisilik JA, Esterbauer H. Heme oxygenase-1 drives metaflammation and insulin resistance in mouse and man. Cell 2014; 158:25-40. [PMID: 24995976 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2014.04.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 201] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2013] [Revised: 03/03/2014] [Accepted: 04/18/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Obesity and diabetes affect more than half a billion individuals worldwide. Interestingly, the two conditions do not always coincide and the molecular determinants of "healthy" versus "unhealthy" obesity remain ill-defined. Chronic metabolic inflammation (metaflammation) is believed to be pivotal. Here, we tested a hypothesized anti-inflammatory role for heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) in the development of metabolic disease. Surprisingly, in matched biopsies from "healthy" versus insulin-resistant obese subjects we find HO-1 to be among the strongest positive predictors of metabolic disease in humans. We find that hepatocyte and macrophage conditional HO-1 deletion in mice evokes resistance to diet-induced insulin resistance and inflammation, dramatically reducing secondary disease such as steatosis and liver toxicity. Intriguingly, cellular assays show that HO-1 defines prestimulation thresholds for inflammatory skewing and NF-κB amplification in macrophages and for insulin signaling in hepatocytes. These findings identify HO-1 inhibition as a potential therapeutic strategy for metabolic disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Omar Sharif
- Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; CeMM, Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Klaus Gossens
- Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, 79108 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Tess Tsai-Hsiu Lu
- Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, 79108 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Selma M Soyal
- Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - David Medgyesi
- Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, 79108 Freiburg, Germany; BIOSS Centre of Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | | | - Jamile Paier-Pourani
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology, 1200 Vienna, Austria
| | - Kevin Dalgaard
- Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, 79108 Freiburg, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Sabine Amann
- Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Simona Saluzzo
- Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; CeMM, Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Patricia Stiedl
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cancer Research, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Rui Martins
- Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; CeMM, Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Simone Müller
- University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Lukas Kenner
- Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1210 Vienna, Austria; Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cancer Research, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Emilio Casanova
- Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cancer Research, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | | | | | - Karl Miller
- General Hospital Hallein, 5400 Hallein, Austria
| | - Andrey V Kozlov
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology, 1200 Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Sylvia Knapp
- Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; CeMM, Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | | | | | | | - J Andrew Pospisilik
- Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, 79108 Freiburg, Germany.
| | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Teperino R, Amann S, Bayer M, McGee SL, Loipetzberger A, Connor T, Jaeger C, Kammerer B, Winter L, Wiche G, Dalgaard K, Selvaraj M, Gaster M, Lee-Young RS, Febbraio MA, Knauf C, Cani PD, Aberger F, Penninger JM, Pospisilik JA, Esterbauer H. Hedgehog partial agonism drives Warburg-like metabolism in muscle and brown fat. Cell 2012; 151:414-26. [PMID: 23063129 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2012.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 209] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2012] [Revised: 06/18/2012] [Accepted: 09/17/2012] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes, obesity, and cancer affect upward of 15% of the world's population. Interestingly, all three diseases juxtapose dysregulated intracellular signaling with altered metabolic state. Exactly which genetic factors define stable metabolic set points in vivo remains poorly understood. Here, we show that hedgehog signaling rewires cellular metabolism. We identify a cilium-dependent Smo-Ca(2+)-Ampk axis that triggers rapid Warburg-like metabolic reprogramming within minutes of activation and is required for proper metabolic selectivity and flexibility. We show that Smo modulators can uncouple the Smo-Ampk axis from canonical signaling and identify cyclopamine as one of a new class of "selective partial agonists," capable of concomitant inhibition of canonical and activation of noncanonical hedgehog signaling. Intriguingly, activation of the Smo-Ampk axis in vivo drives robust insulin-independent glucose uptake in muscle and brown adipose tissue. These data identify multiple noncanonical endpoints that are pivotal for rational design of hedgehog modulators and provide a new therapeutic avenue for obesity and diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raffaele Teperino
- Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Stuebeweg 51, D-79108 Freiburg, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Todoric J, Strobl B, Jais A, Boucheron N, Bayer M, Amann S, Lindroos J, Teperino R, Prager G, Bilban M, Ellmeier W, Krempler F, Müller M, Wagner O, Patsch W, Pospisilik JA, Esterbauer H. Cross-talk between interferon-γ and hedgehog signaling regulates adipogenesis. Diabetes 2011; 60:1668-76. [PMID: 21536945 PMCID: PMC3114396 DOI: 10.2337/db10-1628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2010] [Accepted: 03/12/2011] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE T cells and level of the cytokine interferon-γ (IFN-γ) are increased in adipose tissue in obesity. Hedgehog (Hh) signaling has been shown to potently inhibit white adipocyte differentiation. In light of recent findings in neurons that IFN-γ and Hh signaling cross-talk, we examined their potential interaction in the context of adipogenesis. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We used Hh reporter cells, cell lines, and primary adipocyte differentiation models to explore costimulation of IFN-γ and Hh signaling. Genetic dissection using Ifngr1(-/-) and Stat1(-/-) mouse embryonic fibroblasts, and ultimately, anti-IFN-γ neutralization and expression profiling in obese mice and humans, respectively, were used to place the findings into the in vivo context. RESULTS T-cell supernatants directly inhibited hedgehog signaling in reporter and 3T3-L1 cells. Intriguingly, using blocking antibodies, Ifngr1(-/-) and Stat1(-/-) cells, and simultaneous activation of Hh and IFN-γ signaling, we showed that IFN-γ directly suppresses Hh stimulation, thus rescuing adipogenesis. We confirmed our findings using primary mouse and primary human (pre)adipocytes. Importantly, robust opposing signals for Hh and T-cell pathways in obese human adipose expression profiles and IFN-γ depletion in mice identify the system as intact in adipose tissue in vivo. CONCLUSIONS These results identify a novel antagonistic cross-talk between IFN-γ and Hh signaling in white adipose tissue and demonstrate IFN-γ as a potent inhibitor of Hh signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jelena Todoric
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Birgit Strobl
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Alexander Jais
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Nicole Boucheron
- Institute of Immunology, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Martina Bayer
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sabine Amann
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Josefine Lindroos
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Raffaele Teperino
- Epigenetic Focus, Max Planck Institute for Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Gerhard Prager
- Department of Surgery, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Martin Bilban
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Franz Krempler
- Department of Internal Medicine, Krankenhaus Hallein, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Mathias Müller
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Oswald Wagner
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Patsch
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - J. Andrew Pospisilik
- Epigenetic Focus, Max Planck Institute for Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Harald Esterbauer
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Neely GG, Kuba K, Cammarato A, Isobe K, Amann S, Zhang L, Murata M, Elmén L, Gupta V, Arora S, Sarangi R, Dan D, Fujisawa S, Usami T, Xia CP, Keene AC, Alayari NN, Yamakawa H, Elling U, Berger C, Novatchkova M, Koglgruber R, Fukuda K, Nishina H, Isobe M, Pospisilik JA, Imai Y, Pfeufer A, Hicks AA, Pramstaller PP, Subramaniam S, Kimura A, Ocorr K, Bodmer R, Penninger JM. A global in vivo Drosophila RNAi screen identifies NOT3 as a conserved regulator of heart function. Cell 2010; 141:142-53. [PMID: 20371351 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2010.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2009] [Revised: 10/20/2009] [Accepted: 02/02/2010] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Heart diseases are the most common causes of morbidity and death in humans. Using cardiac-specific RNAi-silencing in Drosophila, we knocked down 7061 evolutionarily conserved genes under conditions of stress. We present a first global roadmap of pathways potentially playing conserved roles in the cardiovascular system. One critical pathway identified was the CCR4-Not complex implicated in transcriptional and posttranscriptional regulatory mechanisms. Silencing of CCR4-Not components in adult Drosophila resulted in myofibrillar disarray and dilated cardiomyopathy. Heterozygous not3 knockout mice showed spontaneous impairment of cardiac contractility and increased susceptibility to heart failure. These heart defects were reversed via inhibition of HDACs, suggesting a mechanistic link to epigenetic chromatin remodeling. In humans, we show that a common NOT3 SNP correlates with altered cardiac QT intervals, a known cause of potentially lethal ventricular tachyarrhythmias. Thus, our functional genome-wide screen in Drosophila can identify candidates that directly translate into conserved mammalian genes involved in heart function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G Gregory Neely
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of Austrian Academy of Sciences, Dr. Bohr Gasse 3-5, A-1030 Vienna, Austria
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
|
11
|
Applebaum-Shapiro SE, Finch R, Pfützer RH, Hepp LA, Gates L, Amann S, Martin S, Ulrich CD, Whitcomb DC. Hereditary pancreatitis in North America: the Pittsburgh-Midwest Multi-Center Pancreatic Study Group Study. Pancreatology 2002; 1:439-43. [PMID: 12120221 DOI: 10.1159/000055844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hereditary pancreatitis (HP) was defined on a clinical basis alone until the first cationic trypsinogen gene (PRSS1) mutation was discovered through the initial phase of the current Pittsburgh Midwest Multi-Center Pancreatic Study Group (MMPSG) HP study in 1996, making genetic testing available. AIM To evaluate the regional distribution of HP in the United States, and to compare the study's gene mutation database with the pedigree databases to determine whether family history alone predicts the likelihood of detecting mutations in the cationic trypsinogen gene. METHODS Probands of families with HP, familial pancreatitis and idiopathic chronic pancreatitis were recruited through referrals from MMPSG collaborating centers, other physicians and self-referral of patients who had learned of the study through the World Wide Web (www.pancreas.org). Pedigrees were constructed, detailed questionnaires were completed and a blood sample was drawn for each proband and participating family members. The birthplace and current location of each patient was recorded, DNA was analyzed for known mutations and the pattern of phenotype inheritance was determined from analysis of each pedigree. RESULTS A total of 717 individuals were ascertained; 368 (51%) had clinical pancreatitis confirmed and the rest were primarily unaffected family members used for linkage studies. Forty-six clinically unaffected individuals were silent mutation carriers (11% of mutation-positive individuals). HP was most common in Minnesota, New York and the central mid-Atlantic states plus Kentucky and Ohio. One hundred and fifteen of 150 kindreds fulfilled the strict definition of an HP family, and 60 (52%) had PRSS1 mutations. Of the families with a detected mutation, 11% did not fulfill the clinical definition of an HP kindred. CONCLUSIONS The distribution of HP within the United States shows major regional differences. The etiology of HP can be identified in a small majority of HP families through genetic testing. However, family history alone is not a good predictor of finding a mutation in the cationic trypsinogen (PRSS1) gene.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S E Applebaum-Shapiro
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Center for Genomic Sciences, 200 Lothrop Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Amann S, Dräger G, Rupprath C, Kirschning A, Elling L. (Chemo)enzymatic synthesis of dTDP-activated 2,6-dideoxysugars as building blocks of polyketide antibiotics. Carbohydr Res 2001; 335:23-32. [PMID: 11553351 DOI: 10.1016/s0008-6215(01)00195-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The flexible substrate spectrum of the recombinant enzymes from the biosynthetic pathway of dTDP-beta-L-rhamnose in Salmonella enterica, serovar typhimurium (LT2), was exploited for the chemoenzymatic synthesis of deoxythymidine diphosphate- (dTDP-) activated 2,6-dideoxyhexoses. The enzymatic synthesis strategy yielded dTDP-2-deoxy-alpha-D-glucose and dTDP-2,6-dideoxy-4-keto-alpha-D-glucose (13) in a 40-60 mg scale. The nucleotide deoxysugar 13 was further used for the enzymatic synthesis of dTDP-2,6-dideoxy-beta-L-arabino-hexose (dTDP-beta-L-olivose) (15) in a 30-mg scale. The chemical reduction of 13 gave dTDP-2,6-dideoxy-alpha-D-arabino-hexose (dTDP-alpha-D-olivose) (1) as the main isomer after product isolation in a 10-mg scale. With 13 as an important key intermediate, the in vitro characterization of enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of dTDP-activated 2,6-dideoxy-, 2,3,6-trideoxy-D- and L-hexoses can now be addressed. Most importantly, compounds 1 and 15 are donor substrates for the in vitro characterization of glycosyltransferases involved in the biosynthesis of polyketides and other antibiotic/antitumor drugs. Their synthetic access may contribute to the evaluation of the glycosylation potential of bacterial glycosyltransferases to generate hybrid antibiotics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Amann
- Institute of Enzyme Technology, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf Research Center Jülich, D-52426 Jülich, Germany
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Amann S, Reinke C, Valet G, Moser U, Leuenberger H. Flow-cytometric investigation of cellular metabolism during oxidative stress and the effect of tocopherol. INT J VITAM NUTR RES 1999; 69:356-61. [PMID: 10526781 DOI: 10.1024/0300-9831.69.5.356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Many studies and scientific publications report on potentially beneficial effects of the lipophilic anti-oxidant vitamin E on cellular metabolic pathways. The present work presents data on the influence of tocopherol on different intracellular parameters of intact and living human skin fibroblasts by flow-cytometric measurements. The parameters analysed were the intracellular pH, representing cell metabolism and cell function, intracellular glutathione, representing one of the cell's own radical scavenger enzyme systems, membrane potential and cell viability. In order to cause large numbers of free radicals cells were UVB-irradiated prior to measurement. The results of the flow-cytometric measurements indicate that vitamin E has significant protecting effects on the measured biochemical parameters during oxidative stress. In the presence of the lipophilic radical scavenger a significant stabilizing effect on pH, intracellular glutathione levels and membrane potential could be observed. Furthermore, vitamin E administration was associated with increased cell viability after UVB irradiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Amann
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Basel
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Affiliation(s)
- D. J. Donaldson
- Department of Chemistry and Scarborough College, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 1A1
| | | | | | | | | | | | - V. Vaida
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0215
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Bauernfeind A, Stemplinger I, Jungwirth R, Mangold P, Amann S, Akalin E, Anğ O, Bal C, Casellas JM. Characterization of beta-lactamase gene blaPER-2, which encodes an extended-spectrum class A beta-lactamase. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1996; 40:616-20. [PMID: 8851581 PMCID: PMC163168 DOI: 10.1128/aac.40.3.616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Plasmidic extended-spectrum beta-lactamases of Ambler class A are mostly inactive against ceftibuten. Salmonella typhimurium JMC isolated in Argentina harbors a bla gene located on a plasmid (pMVP-5) which confers transferable resistance to oxyiminocephalosporins, aztreonam, and ceftibuten. The beta-lactamase PER-2 (formerly ceftibutenase-1; CTI-1) is highly susceptible to inhibition by clavulanate and is located at a pI of 5.4 after isoelectric focusing. The blaPER-2 gene was cloned and sequenced. The nucleotide sequence of a 2.2-kb insert in vector pBluescript includes an open reading frame of 927 bp. Comparison of the deduced amino acid sequence of PER-2 with those of other beta-lactamases indicates that PER-2 is not closely related to TEM or SHV enzymes (25 to 26% homology). PER-2 is most closely related to PER-1 (86.4% homology), an Ambler class A enzyme first detected in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. An enzyme with an amino acid sequence identical to that of PER-1, meanwhile, was found in various members of the family Enterobacteriaceae isolated from patients in Turkey. Our data indicate that PER-2 and PER-1 represent a new group of Ambler class A extended-spectrum beta-lactamases. PER-2 so far has been detected only in pathogens (S. typhimurium, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus mirabilis) isolated from patients in South America, while the incidence of PER-1-producing strains so far has been restricted to Turkey, where it occurs both in members of the family Enterobacteriaceae and in P. aeruginosa.
Collapse
|
16
|
Prodinger WM, Fille M, Bauernfeind A, Stemplinger I, Amann S, Pfausler B, Lass-Florl C, Dierich MP. Molecular epidemiology of Klebsiella pneumoniae producing SHV-5 beta- lactamase: parallel outbreaks due to multiple plasmid transfer. J Clin Microbiol 1996; 34:564-8. [PMID: 8904415 PMCID: PMC228847 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.34.3.564-568.1996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Over a period of 22 months, 32 patients treated in three independent intensive care units of the Innsbruck University Hospital were infected with extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing members of the family Enterobacteriaceae (30 Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates, 1 Klebsiella oxytoca isolate, and 1 Escherichia coli isolate). As confirmed by sequencing of a bla gene PCR fragment, all isolates expressed the SHV-5-type beta-lactamase. Genomic fingerprinting of epidemic strains with XbaI and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis grouped 20 of 21 isolates from ward A into two consecutive clusters which included 1 of 3 ward B isolates. All six K. pneumoniae isolates from ward C formed a third cluster. Stool isolates of asymptomatic patients and environmental isolates belonged to these clusters as well. Additionally, 2,600 routine K. pneumoniae isolates from the surrounding provinces (population, 900,000) were screened for SHV-5 production. Only one of six nonepidemic isolates producing SHV-5 beta-lactamase was matched with the outbreak strains by genomic fingerprinting. Plasmid fingerprinting, however, revealed the epidemic spread of a predominant R-plasmid, with a size of approximately 80 kb, associated with 29 of the 30 K. pneumoniae isolates. This plasmid was also present in the single K. oxytoca and E. coli isolates from ward C and in three nonepidemic isolates producing SHV-5. Our results underline that strain typing exclusively on the genomic level can be misleading in the epidemiological investigation of plasmid-encoded extended-spectrum beta-lactamases. Our evidence for multiple events of R-plasmid transfer between species of the family Enterobacteriaceae in this nosocomial outbreak stresses the need for plasmid typing, especially because SHV-5 beta-lactamase seems to be regionally spread predominantly via plasmid transfer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- W M Prodinger
- Institut fur Hygiene, University of Innsbruck, Austria.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Renz H, Schmidt A, Hofmann P, Amann S, Gemsa D. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin 1, eicosanoid, and hydrogen peroxide release from macrophages exposed to glove starch particles. Clin Immunol Immunopathol 1993; 68:21-8. [PMID: 8513589 DOI: 10.1006/clin.1993.1089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The inflammatory mechanisms leading to glove starch powder peritonitis are still unclear. This study was designed to examine the secretory potential of macrophages exposed to starch powder particles. Rat peritoneal macrophages and human monocytes were incubated in vitro with starch particles obtained from three commonly used surgical gloves. It was found that macrophages and monocytes released large amounts of tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin 1, prostaglandin E2, thromboxane B2, and hydrogen peroxide. Release of these inflammatory mediators was associated with progressive cell death of macrophages. These data indicate that postoperative peritonitis and subsequent granuloma formation initiated by glove powder particles may be mediated and maintained, at least in part, by macrophage-derived cytokines, eicosanoids, and reactive oxygen intermediates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H Renz
- Institute of Immunology, Philipps University, Marburg, Germany
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Mohr C, Davis GS, Graebner C, Amann S, Hemenway DR, Gemsa D. Reduced release of leukotrienes B4 and C4 from alveolar macrophages of rats with silicosis. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 1992; 7:542-7. [PMID: 1329867 DOI: 10.1165/ajrcmb/7.5.542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Silicosis leads to altered release of fibrogenic and immunomodulating mediators from alveolar macrophages (AM). Since 5-lipoxygenase metabolites have been shown to possess proinflammatory effects and to promote the release of cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) from mononuclear phagocytes, we determined leukotriene secretion from silica-exposed AM. Rats were exposed to an aerosol of silica particles for 8 days and AM were harvested by bronchoalveolar lavage 5 to 7 mo after exposure. AM from both air-sham control and silica-exposed rats displayed minimal spontaneous leukotriene release upon in vitro culture. Stimulation with opsonized zymosan particles induced leukotriene B4 (LTB4) and leukotriene C4 (LTC4) secretion, which was much greater in control AM than in AM from silica-dusted rats. The reverse was found for zymosan-induced TNF-alpha production, which was higher in AM from silica-exposed than from control rats. To study the interrelation between leukotriene and TNF-alpha release, we incubated zymosan-stimulated AM with the 5-lipoxygenase inhibitor VZ 65. VZ 65 suppressed zymosan-induced TNF-alpha release from AM in a dose-dependent manner, and TNF-alpha production could be restored almost completely by addition of LTB4. These experiments demonstrate that silica exposure resulted in a decreased LTB4 and LTC4 production from AM, which may represent a regulatory mechanism to counterbalance enhanced TNF-alpha production during silicosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Mohr
- Institute of Immunology, Philipps University, Marburg, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Weber JN, Banatvala N, Clayden S, McAdam KP, Palmer S, Moulsdale H, Tosswill J, Dilger P, Thorpe R, Amann S. HTLV-1 infection in Papua New Guinea: evidence for serologic false positivity. J Infect Dis 1989; 159:1025-8. [PMID: 2723452 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/159.6.1025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Serum samples from 557 individuals participating in studies from four separate lowland and highland populations in Papua New Guinea exhibited consistently false-positive results for human T lymphotropic virus (HTLV) type 1 (10%) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 1 (5%) antibody in direct antiglobulin and agglutination assays. All serum samples were negative in competitive ELISAs and radioimmunoassays for HTLV-1 and HIV-1; selected samples of reactive sera were negative in an HTLV-2 competitive ELISA. Immunofluorescent antibody tests using HTLV-1 infected cells correlated poorly with ELISA results. None of the sera from Papua New Guinea neutralized vesicular stomatitis virus pseudotypes of HTLV-1. By Western blot analysis, only three serum samples were weakly reactive to HTLV-1 gag proteins. These studies suggest there is as yet no firm evidence of HTLV-1, HTLV-2, or HIV-1 infection in Papua New Guinea, although there may be a low prevalence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J N Weber
- Chester Beatty Laboratories, Department of Virology, St. Thomas's Hospital Medical School, London, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|