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Adeoti O, Cerda S, Pearce E. Foreign-Body Reaction Resulting in Thyroiditis-A Complication of Fine-Needle Aspiration Biopsy of the Thyroid. JCEM Case Rep 2023; 1:luac028. [PMID: 37908251 PMCID: PMC10578382 DOI: 10.1210/jcemcr/luac028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
Fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) is a cost-effective and safe office procedure performed to evaluate thyroid nodules. We report a case of a 33-year-old woman who presented with pain and swelling of the thyroid after undergoing an FNAB for a right thyroid nodule at an outside hospital. The patient received a course of antibiotics without complete resolution of her symptoms and ultimately, underwent a right thyroid lobectomy. Pathology of the excised thyroid tissue showed chronic lymphohistiocytic inflammation with giant cell reaction and hemorrhage consistent with a foreign-body reaction. The patient's symptoms completely resolved after the surgery. Though uncertain what foreign body was introduced into the thyroid tissue during the FNAB, we surmise that an accidental introduction of ultrasound gel may have caused this rare and unexpected complication of a procedure with usually few and manageable complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oluwatomi Adeoti
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Sandra Cerda
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Elizabeth Pearce
- Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Nutrition & Weight Management, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
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Lee SH, Vadlamudi C, Zhao Q, Yilmaz O, Cerda S. An institutional experience with DICER1 mutated thyroid nodules-evaluating the cytomorphology and molecular phenotype. J Am Soc Cytopathol 2022; 11:335-344. [PMID: 35934646 DOI: 10.1016/j.jasc.2022.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION DICER1 mutated thyroid nodules are commonly seen in pediatric populations often, as part of DICER1 syndrome. We seek to evaluate DICER1 mutated thyroid nodules in adult populations to assess whether there exists distinctive clinical, cytologic, histologic, and molecular characteristics that underline our institutional cohort. MATERIALS AND METHODS Retrospective analysis was performed on all fine-needle aspiration (FNA) specimens with a corresponding ThyroSeq panel, to select a cohort of cases with DICER1 mutations. Clinical, radiologic, and cytology materials were reviewed, and histology was reviewed for corresponding resection cases were available. ThyroSeq panel was further scrutinized for additional molecular alterations and variant allele frequency. RESULTS DICER1 mutated thyroid nodules (n = 8), more commonly occurred in younger adults (P = 0.01) with larger (P = 0.01) nodules and only in female patients in our cohort. FNA commonly demonstrates cellular specimens with banal cytomorphologic cues including regular nuclei, inconspicuous nucleoli, smooth nuclear membranes, and abundant colloid. On retrospective review by 2 cytopathologists, the lesions were frequently diagnosed as Bethesda II (5 of 8) by both reviewers. Histology, when available, showed that all nodules were categorized as follicular adenomas (5 of 5), often demonstrating macrofollicles with papillary excrescences demonstrating bland nuclei (4 of 5). DICER1 mutational profile revealed a variant allele frequency of >40% in 25% of cases (2 of 8) and >30% in an additional 4 cases, highlighting a possible germline association. CONCLUSIONS DICER1 mutated nodules may be under-reported due to banal cytomorphologic features and may be associated with an underlying germline alteration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo Hyun Lee
- Department of Pathology, Boston University Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Charitha Vadlamudi
- Department of Pathology, Boston University Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Qing Zhao
- Department of Pathology, Boston University Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Osman Yilmaz
- Department of Pathology, Boston University Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts.
| | - Sandra Cerda
- Department of Pathology, Boston University Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts.
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Pearson C, Bartell T, Wang G, Hong X, Rusk SA, Fu L, Cerda S, Bustamante-Helfrich B, Kuohung W, Yarrington C, Adams WG, Wang X. Boston Birth Cohort Profile: Rationale and Study Design. Precis Nutr 2022; 1:e00011. [PMID: 36660305 PMCID: PMC9844822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
In 1998, the Boston Birth Cohort (BBC) was initiated at Boston Medical Center (BMC) in response to persistently high rates of preterm birth (PTB, defined as birth before 37 weeks of gestation) in the US population and the longstanding profound PTB disparity among Black, Indigenous, and people of color (BIPOC). The BBC encompasses two linked study protocols: The Preterm Birth Study serves as the baseline recruitment in the BBC. It aims to address fundamental questions about the causes and consequences of PTB. The study oversamples preterm babies using a case/control study design, in which cases are defined as mothers who deliver a preterm and/or low birthweight baby (<2500 grams regardless of gestational age). Controls are enrolled at a 2:1 control/case ratio and matched by maternal age (±5 years), self-reported race and ethnicity, and date of delivery (± 7 days for case delivery). From inception, it was designed as a comprehensive gene-environmental study of PTB. As a natural extension, the Children's Health Study, under a separate but linked IRB protocol, is a longitudinal follow-up study of the participants who were recruited at birth in the Preterm Birth Study and who continue pediatric care at BMC. This linked model allows for investigation of early life origins of pediatric and chronic disease in a prospective cohort design. The BBC is one of the largest and longest NIH-funded prospective birth cohort studies in the US, consisting of 8733 mother-child dyads enrolled in the Preterm Birth Study at birth, and of those, 3,592 children have been enrolled in the Children's Health Study, with a median follow-up of 14.5 years. The BBC mirrors the urban, under-resourced and underrepresented BIPOC population served by BMC. A high proportion of BBC children were born prematurely and had chronic health conditions (e.g., asthma, obesity and elevated blood pressure) in childhood. The BBC's long-term goal has been to build a large, comprehensive database (epidemiological, clinical, multi-omics) and biospecimen repository to elucidate early life origins of pediatric and chronic diseases and identify modifiable upstream factors (e.g., psychosocial, environmental, nutritional) to improve health across the life course for BIPOC mothers and children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colleen Pearson
- Department of Pediatrics, Boston University School of Medicine and Boston Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Tami Bartell
- Patrick M. Magoon Institute for Healthy Communities, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Guoying Wang
- Center on the Early Life Origins of Disease, Department of Population, Family and Reproductive Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Xiumei Hong
- Center on the Early Life Origins of Disease, Department of Population, Family and Reproductive Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Serena A. Rusk
- Center on the Early Life Origins of Disease, Department of Population, Family and Reproductive Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - LingLing Fu
- Department of Pediatrics, Boston University School of Medicine and Boston Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sandra Cerda
- Department of Pathology, Boston University School of Medicine and Boston Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Wendy Kuohung
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Boston University School of Medicine and Boston Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Christina Yarrington
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Boston University School of Medicine and Boston Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - William G. Adams
- Department of Pediatrics, Boston University School of Medicine and Boston Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Xiaobin Wang
- Center on the Early Life Origins of Disease, Department of Population, Family and Reproductive Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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4
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Pearson C, Bartell T, Wang G, Hong X, Rusk SA, Fu L, Cerda S, Bustamante-Helfrich B, Kuohung W, Yarrington C, Adams WG, Wang X. Boston Birth Cohort profile: rationale and study design. Precis Nutr 2022; 1:e00011. [PMID: 37745944 PMCID: PMC9844822 DOI: 10.1097/pn9.0000000000000011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
In1998, the Boston Birth Cohort (BBC) was initiated at Boston Medical Center (BMC) in response to persistently high rates of preterm birth (PTB, defined as birth before 37 weeks of gestation) in the US population and the longstanding profound PTB disparity among Black, Indigenous, and people of color (BIPOC). The BBC encompasses two linked study protocols: The PTB Study serves as the baseline recruitment in the BBC. It aims to address fundamental questions about the causes and consequences of PTB. The study oversamples preterm babies using a case/control study design, in which cases are defined as mothers who deliver a preterm and/or low birthweight baby (<2500 grams regardless of gestational age). Controls are enrolled at a 2:1 control/case ratio and matched by maternal age (±5 years), self-reported race and ethnicity, and date of delivery (± 7 days for case delivery). From inception, it was designed as a comprehensive gene-environmental study of PTB. As a natural extension, the Children's Health Study, under a separate but linked Institutional Review Board protocol, is a longitudinal follow-up study of the participants who were recruited at birth in the PTB Study and who continue pediatric care at BMC. This linked model allows for investigation of early life origins of pediatric and chronic disease in a prospective cohort design. The BBC is one of the largest and longest National Institutes of Health-funded prospective birth cohort studies in the United States, consisting of 8733 mother-child dyads enrolled in the PTB Study at birth, and of those, 3592 children have been enrolled in the Children's Health Study, with a median follow-up of 14.5 years. The BBC mirrors the urban, underresourced, and underrepresented BIPOC population served by BMC. A high proportion of BBC children were born prematurely and had chronic health conditions (e.g., asthma, obesity, and elevated blood pressure) in childhood. The BBC's long-term goal has been to build a large, comprehensive database (epidemiological, clinical, and multiomics) and biospecimen repository to elucidate early life origins of pediatric and chronic diseases and identify modifiable upstream factors (e.g., psychosocial, environmental, and nutritional) to improve health across the life course for BIPOC mothers and children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colleen Pearson
- Department of Pediatrics, Boston University School of Medicine and Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tami Bartell
- Patrick M. Magoon Institute for Healthy Communities, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Guoying Wang
- Center on the Early Life Origins of Disease, Department of Population, Family and Reproductive Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Xiumei Hong
- Center on the Early Life Origins of Disease, Department of Population, Family and Reproductive Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Serena A. Rusk
- Center on the Early Life Origins of Disease, Department of Population, Family and Reproductive Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - LingLing Fu
- Department of Pediatrics, Boston University School of Medicine and Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sandra Cerda
- Department of Pathology, Boston University School of Medicine and Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Wendy Kuohung
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Boston University School of Medicine and Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Christina Yarrington
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Boston University School of Medicine and Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - William G. Adams
- Department of Pediatrics, Boston University School of Medicine and Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Xiaobin Wang
- Center on the Early Life Origins of Disease, Department of Population, Family and Reproductive Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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5
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Yılmaz O, Crabbe A, Neyaz A, Pankaj A, Lee SH, Hosseini S, Rickelt S, Cerda S, Zhao G, Leijsen L, Dineaux A, Shroff SG, Crotty R, Zhang ML, Yilmaz OH, Patil DT, Berger D, Deshpande V. Clinical, Pathologic, Genetics and Intratumoral Immune Milieu of Serrated Adenocarcinoma of the Colon. Histopathology 2022; 81:380-388. [PMID: 35789111 DOI: 10.1111/his.14719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Serrated adenocarcinoma (SAC), a recognized WHO variant of colonic adenocarcinoma, is the purported end-product of serrated neoplasia. Yet, the diagnosis of SAC is infrequently rendered, and little is known about its prognosis, immune microenvironment, and molecular alterations. MATERIALS AND METHODS We assessed 903 consecutive colon carcinomas and recognized tumors with ≥5% (n=77) serrated pattern, and ≥50% serrated pattern (n=13). We assessed precursor polyps and synchronous polyps. We recorded demographic/clinical parameters, histological features, and MMR status. We performed immunohistochemistry and quantification on tissue microarray for HLA class I/II proteins, beta-2-microglobulin (B2MG), CD8, CD163, LAG3, PD-L1, FoxP3, PD-L1and BRAF V600E. RESULTS We identified ≥ 5% epithelial serration prevalence in 8.5% of cases, and ≥50% epithelial serration prevalence in 1.4% of cases. Precursor lesions were present in 21.4% of cases; these were mostly tubular adenomas with two traditional serrated adenoma identified. SAC with ≥ 5% serrations exhibited lower numbers of CD8 positive lymphocytes (p=0.002) and lower B2MG expression (p=0.048), although neither value was significant at ≥50% serration threshold. There was no difference in HLA class I/II, or PD-L1 expression on tumor cells and no difference in PD-L1, LAG3, FOXP3 and CD163 expression on immune cells. There was no association with MMR status, or BRAFV600E relative to conventional adenocarcinoma. There was improved disease-specific survival on univariate (but not multivariate) analysis between carcinomas with serrated pattern and non-mucinous conventional colonic carcinomas at ≥5% epithelial serrations (p=0.04). CONCLUSION SAC category shows a limited impact on survival, and this phenotype may harbor a unique immunologic milieu.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osman Yılmaz
- Department of Pathology, Boston Medical Center, Boston
| | - Andrew Crabbe
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Azfar Neyaz
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Amaya Pankaj
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Soo Hyun Lee
- Department of Pathology, Boston Medical Center, Boston
| | - Sahar Hosseini
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Steffen Rickelt
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Sandra Cerda
- Department of Pathology, Boston Medical Center, Boston
| | - Grace Zhao
- Department of Pathology, Boston Medical Center, Boston
| | - Lieve Leijsen
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Anne Dineaux
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Stuti G Shroff
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Rory Crotty
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - M Lisa Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Omer H Yilmaz
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Deepa T Patil
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - David Berger
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Vikram Deshpande
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
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6
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Hong X, Surkan PJ, Zhang B, Keiser A, Ji Y, Ji H, Burd I, Bustamante-Helfrich B, Ogunwole SM, Tang WY, Liu L, Pearson C, Cerda S, Zuckerman B, Hao L, Wang X. Genome-wide association study identifies a novel maternal gene × stress interaction associated with spontaneous preterm birth. Pediatr Res 2021; 89:1549-1556. [PMID: 32726798 PMCID: PMC8400921 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-020-1093-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Maternal stress is potentially a modifiable risk factor for spontaneous preterm birth (sPTB). However, epidemiologic findings on the maternal stress-sPTB relationship have been inconsistent. METHODS To investigate whether the maternal stress-sPTB associations may be modified by genetic susceptibility, we performed genome-wide gene × stress interaction analyses in 1490 African-American women from the Boston Birth cohort who delivered term (n = 1033) or preterm (n = 457) infants. Genotyping was performed using Illumina HumanOmni 2.5 array. Replication was performed using data from the NICHD genomic and Proteomic Network (GPN) for PTB research. RESULTS rs35331017, a T-allele insertion/deletion polymorphism in the protein-tyrosine phosphatase receptor Type D (PTPRD) gene, was the top hit that interacted significantly with maternal lifetime stress on risk of sPTB (PG × E = 4.7 × 10-8). We revealed a dose-responsive association between degree of stress and risk of sPTB in mothers carrying the insertion/insertion genotype, but an inverse association was observed in mothers carrying the heterozygous or deletion/deletion genotypes. This interaction was replicated in African-American (PG × E = 0.088) and Caucasian mothers (PG × E = 0.023) from the GPN study. CONCLUSION We demonstrated a significant maternal PTPRD × stress interaction on sPTB risk. This finding, if further confirmed, may provide new insight into individual susceptibility to stress-induced sPTB. IMPACT This was the first preterm study to demonstrate a significant genome-wide gene-stress interaction in African Americans, specifically, PTPRD gene variants can interact with maternal perceived stress to affect risk of spontaneous preterm birth. The PTPRD × maternal stress interaction was demonstrated in African Americans and replicated in both African Americans and Caucasians from the GPN study. Our findings highlight the importance of considering genetic susceptibility in assessing the role of maternal stress on spontaneous preterm birth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiumei Hong
- Center on the Early Life Origins of Disease, Department of Population, Family and Reproductive Health, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Pamela J. Surkan
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
| | - Boyang Zhang
- Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
| | - Amaris Keiser
- Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Yuelong Ji
- Center on the Early Life Origins of Disease, Department of Population, Family and Reproductive Health, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
| | - Hongkai Ji
- Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
| | - Irina Burd
- Integrated Research Center for Fetal Medicine, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Blandine Bustamante-Helfrich
- Department of Clinical and Applied Science Education (Pathology), University of the Incarnate Word School of Osteopathic Medicine, San Antonio, TX
| | - S. Michelle Ogunwole
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Wan-Yee Tang
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
| | - Li Liu
- Department of Population, Family and Reproductive Health, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
| | - Colleen Pearson
- Department of Pediatrics, Boston University School of Medicine and Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA
| | - Sandra Cerda
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA
| | - Barry Zuckerman
- Department of Pediatrics, Boston University School of Medicine and Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA
| | - Lingxin Hao
- Department of Sociology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
| | - Xiaobin Wang
- Center on the Early Life Origins of Disease, Department of Population, Family and Reproductive Health, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD,Division of General Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
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Chung R, Guan H, Ponchiardi C, Cerda S, Marwaha N, Yilmaz OH, Pinjic E, McAneny D, Lee SL, Drake FT. Noninvasive Follicular Thyroid Neoplasm with Papillary-Like Nuclear Features: Epidemiology and Long-Term Outcomes in a Strictly Defined Cohort. Thyroid 2021; 31:68-75. [PMID: 32539676 PMCID: PMC8098764 DOI: 10.1089/thy.2019.0616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Background: A subset of encapsulated/circumscribed follicular variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma (FVPTC) was reclassified as noninvasive follicular thyroid neoplasm with papillary-like nuclear features (NIFTP) in 2016 to reduce overtreatment of a low-risk tumor. Study objectives were to describe the epidemiology and long-term outcomes of NIFTP in a high-volume, urban, tertiary referral center. Methods: Among patients enrolled in the Boston Medical Center (BMC) Thyroid Cancer Registry, 110 cases of FVPTC underwent index thyroid surgery at BMC between 2000 and 2016. Historically, BMC pathologists assess all malignant nodules using sections ≤0.3 cm with evaluation of the entire nodule and capsule. After review of pathology reports to identify potential NIFTPs, slides were rereviewed using criteria established by the NIFTP Working Group in 2016 and 2018. We evaluated interobserver reliability using Cohen's Kappa coefficient. Results: Among 110 FVPTCs, 15 (13%) met NIFTP criteria; 11 women and 4 men, age range 31-64 (mean 47.5) years. Mean tumor diameter was 1.7 cm (compared with 2.2 cm for FVPTC). Among NIFTP cases, there were no lymph node metastases, distant metastases, or tumor recurrences. All NIFTP cases were American Thyroid Association (ATA) low risk compared with only 68% of FVPTC (p = 0.011). Among FVPTCs, 14% had positive lymph nodes at index operation. Four patients (4%) had distant metastases. Mean follow-up time was 46 and 69 months for FVPTC and NIFTP, respectively. Among FVPTCs with an excellent response to therapy (2015 ATA guidelines), there were no recurrences. Just over half (n = 8) of patients with NIFTP received postoperative radioactive iodine (RAI) therapy. Concordance between pathologists was high for ruling out NIFTP (75%), but only 36% for ruling in NIFTP. Overall, for NIFTP designation, Cohen's Kappa was 0.39, which is considered fair. Conclusions: Although this is a relatively small cohort, all NIFTP specimens underwent updated pathology review consistent with current guidelines; mean follow-up was nearly 6 years. NIFTP represents a small fraction of the total papillary neoplasia diagnosed at this tertiary referral center (2.3%). None of the NIFTP cohort experienced an adverse oncologic event, and there were no regional or distant metastases. Over 50% of patients with NIFTP received RAI. Thus, the NIFTP reclassification may substantially reduce the number of patients who require adjuvant therapies, such as completion surgery or RAI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rainjade Chung
- Department of Surgery, Section of Endocrine Surgery, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Surgery, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Haixia Guan
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Department of Medicine, Section of Endocrinology, Nutrition, Diabetes, and Weight Management, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Sandra Cerda
- Department of Pathology, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Nitin Marwaha
- Department of Pathology, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Osman H. Yilmaz
- Department of Pathology, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Emma Pinjic
- Department of Surgery, Section of Endocrine Surgery, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - David McAneny
- Department of Surgery, Section of Endocrine Surgery, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Stephanie L. Lee
- Department of Medicine, Section of Endocrinology, Nutrition, Diabetes, and Weight Management, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Frederick Thurston Drake
- Department of Surgery, Section of Endocrine Surgery, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Address correspondence to: Frederick Thurston Drake, MD, MPH, Department of Surgery, Section of Endocrine Surgery, Boston University, Boston, MA 02118, USA
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8
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Guan H, Toraldo G, Godley FA, Rao SR, Cerda S, McAneny D, Doherty G, Lee SL. The real-world performance of ThyroSeqV.2 to diagnose thyroid "neoplasm requiring surgery". Am J Cancer Res 2020; 10:3838-3851. [PMID: 33294271 PMCID: PMC7716163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Fine-needle biopsy (FNB) predicts benign or malignant thyroid nodules. For indeterminate (ITN) FNBs, commercial molecular tests may improve the diagnostic accuracy and reduce the number of operations. These tests have had limited independent implementation studies in routine clinical practice. This is a prospective observational study. At Boston Medical Center, the 1,316 consecutive FNBs were classified to one of the six categories in the Bethesda classification system. Those ITN samples were submitted for ThyroSeqV.2 next generation sequencing panel analysis. The performance of ThyroSeqV.2 to predict "neoplasm requiring surgery" (NRS) was evaluated. ThyroSeqV.2 assay was performed in 398 FNBs on 384 cytologically ITN nodules (308 Bethesda III, 47 Bethesda IV and 29 Bethesda V). The first evaluable ThyroSeq result for each nodule was used for final analysis. Seventy-seven (72.0%) of 107 patients with a high risk molecular test underwent thyroid surgery resulting in 41 NRS (53.2%) and 36 benign nodules (46.8%). Of the 249 patients with a low risk or negative molecular analysis, 51 (20.5%) had surgery revealing 47 benign nodules (92.2%) and 4 NRS (7.8%). Based on surgical outcome of 128 ITN with evaluable ThyroSeq results, this molecular test had a sensitivity of 91% (95% CI: 79%-98%), specificity of 56% (45%-67%), positive predictive value (PPV) of 53% (42%-65%), negative predictive value (NPV) of 92% (81%-98%), and an overall accuracy of 69% (55%-85%) with a prevalence of NRS of 35% (27%-44%). ThyroSeqV.2 in this clinical use study in ITN nodules provided a similar NPV but a lower PPV than expected compared to published studies due to the detection of an array of mutations in benign nodules. The NPV of 92.0% for ITN cytology confirmed its utility as a "rule-out" test to exclude NRS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haixia Guan
- Department of Endocrinology, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical SciencesGuangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Boston Medical CenterBoston, MA, USA
| | - Gianluca Toraldo
- Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Boston Medical CenterBoston, MA, USA
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Lahey Hospital & Medical CenterBurlington, MA, USA
| | - Frederick A Godley
- Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Boston Medical CenterBoston, MA, USA
| | - Sowmya R Rao
- Department of Global Health, Boston University School of Public HealthBoston, MA, USA
| | - Sandra Cerda
- Department of Pathology, Boston Medical CenterBoston, MA, USA
| | - David McAneny
- Department of Surgery, Boston Medical CenterBoston, MA, USA
| | - Gerard Doherty
- Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women’s HospitalBoston, MA, USA
| | - Stephanie L Lee
- Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Boston Medical CenterBoston, MA, USA
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Fazeli SR, Zehr B, Amraei R, Toraldo G, Guan H, Kindelberger D, Lee S, Cerda S. ThyroSeq v2 Testing: Impact on Cytologic Diagnosis, Management, and Cost of Care in Patients with Thyroid Nodule. Thyroid 2020; 30:1528-1534. [PMID: 32349630 DOI: 10.1089/thy.2019.0191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Background: Novel molecular tests (MTs), such as ThyroSeq, may improve the management of thyroid nodules with indeterminate cytologic diagnoses; however, the impact of these tests on cost and outcome of management is unknown. Here, we evaluated the impact of ThyroSeq testing on the cytopathologic diagnosis, management, and cost of care in patients with thyroid nodules. Methods: In a retrospective study, using actual patient cohorts, the outcome and cost of management of patients with thyroid nodules seen before the introduction of ThyroSeq v2 at our institution (standard of care [StC] cohort) were compared with those seen after the introduction of this test (MT cohort). Results: A total of 773 consecutive patients entered the study (393 StC, 380 MT). The incidence of cytologically benign nodules decreased from 71.0% (StC) to 53.2% (MT) and those of atypia of undetermined significance/follicular lesion of undetermined significance (AUS/FLUS) and follicular neoplasm/suspicious for follicular neoplasm (FN/SFN) increased from 8.9% (StC) to 21.3% (MT) and from 3.1% (StC) to 6.3% (MT), respectively. The overall rate of surgery did not change significantly (23.4% in StC vs. 23.2% in MT). Among patients who underwent surgery, the rate of overtreatment (surgeries performed on histologic benign nodules without clinical indication: compressive symptoms, hyperthyroidism resistant to medication, and nodule size >4 cm) slightly decreased from 18.8% (StC) to 16.7% (MT). The rate of malignancy decreased from 45.5% (StC) to 37.9% (MT) in AUS/FLUS and increased from 40.0% to 53.8% in FN/SFN. However, the overall rate of malignancy remained equal (47.8% in StC vs. 47.7% in MT). The average cost of care per patient in the AUS/FLUS and FN/SFN categories increased from $6,566 (StC) to $8,444 (MT) and from $9,313 (StC) to $10,253 (MT), respectively. Similarly, the overall average cost of care of a patient who underwent thyroid fine-needle aspiration increased from $3,088 (StC) to $4,282 (MT). Finally, the average cost per thyroid cancer detected increased from $26,312 (StC) to $38,746 (MT). Conclusions: Introduction of ThyroSeq v2 resulted in a shift toward indeterminate cytology results. The institutional rate of surgery, overtreatment, and malignancy did not change significantly. Lack of decrease in the rate of surgery along with the additional cost of ThyroSeq v2 increased the overall cost of care of patients including those with indeterminate cytology results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoreh R Fazeli
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine at Boston Medical Center and Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Bradley Zehr
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Razie Amraei
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine at Boston Medical Center and Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Gianluca Toraldo
- Lahey Hospital and Medical Center Endocrinology, Burlington, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Haixia Guan
- Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Boston University Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - David Kindelberger
- Department of Pathology, Harvard Vanguard Medical Associates Atrius Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Stephanie Lee
- Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Boston University Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sandra Cerda
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine at Boston Medical Center and Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Wolfson M, Curtin P, Curry EJ, Cerda S, Li X. Giant cell tumor formation due to metallosis after open latarjet and partial shoulder resurfacing. Orthop Rev (Pavia) 2020; 12:8522. [PMID: 32922698 PMCID: PMC7461641 DOI: 10.4081/or.2020.8522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Shoulder metallosis with giant cell tumor formation is rarely seen in shoulder surgery. With an increase in shoulder arthroplasty and complex revision shoulder surgeries, clinicians should have an index of suspicion for possible metallosis in patients that presents with unexplained persistent pain with metal components on both the glenoid and humeral side. This case describes a 43-yearold female with a history of six prior shoulder surgeries who presented with shoulder metallosis and giant cell tumor formation after a screw from her open Latarjet procedure began rubbing against her Hemicap implant. She successfully underwent a revision total shoulder arthroplasty for post traumatic arthritis with pectoralis major transfer for her chronic subscapularis rupture and had complete symptom resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Wolfson
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA
| | - Patrick Curtin
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA
| | - Emily J Curry
- Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Sandra Cerda
- Department of Pathology, Boston University of School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Xinning Li
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA
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11
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Guan H, Toraldo G, Cerda S, Godley FA, Rao SR, McAneny D, Doherty G, Braverman L, Lee SL. Utilities of RAS Mutations in Preoperative Fine Needle Biopsies for Decision Making for Thyroid Nodule Management: Results from a Single-Center Prospective Cohort. Thyroid 2020; 30:536-547. [PMID: 31996097 DOI: 10.1089/thy.2019.0116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Background: It has been advocated to apply individualized strategies to evaluate thyroid nodules due to the growing awareness that the pathogenesis of thyroid cancer is not uniform. Molecular markers in fine needle biopsies (FNBs) may be helpful for the diagnosis and management decisions. Unlike the detection of BRAF mutations, the clinical utility of rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog (RAS) mutations has not been fully elucidated. This study aimed at presenting a real-world performance of RAS mutations in identifying thyroid malignancies, at investigating the nature of thyroid tumors carrying RAS mutations, and at providing an additional reference for interpreting how to utilize the presence of RAS mutations in the decision-making process of thyroid nodule management. Methods: Between February 2015 and December 2017, 1400 sequential thyroid biopsies were performed at Boston Medical Center. Of these, 546 FNBs were evaluated for RAS mutations by using a ThyroSeq next-generation sequencing panel. Nodules carrying RAS mutations were prospectively followed, and medical records were collected. Results: ThyroSeq successfully provided molecular information in 504 nodules; 173 with molecular alteration(s); and 80 positive for mutations in the Kirsten-, Neuroblastoma-, or Harvey-RAS genes. RAS gene mutations constituted up to 46.2% of the total molecular alterations found in the study. Fifty-six of the 80 RAS-positive nodules underwent surgery, 33 (58.9%) were confirmed to be benign, 7 (12.5%) were noninvasive follicular thyroid neoplasms with papillary-like nuclear features (NIFTP), and 16 (28.6%) were thyroid carcinomas. The positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and accuracy of RAS mutations for identifying malignancies among cytologically indeterminate nodules were 25.5%, 89.7%, and 54.0% when NIFTP was not counted as cancer. A combination of RAS and other mutations increased the risk of malignancy. Twelve histopathologically proved RAS-only-positive malignant nodules all showed low-risk features and favorable prognosis. RAS isoforms added little assistance for predicting a malignancy and the response to therapy in our series. Conclusions:RAS mutations represent the most frequently detected genetic alterations in our series. RAS mutations, when occurring alone, are not helpful markers to identify malignancy among Bethesda III/IV cytologies, but may predict favorable behavior, and hence should be considered to guide initial management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haixia Guan
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Boston Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Gianluca Toraldo
- Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Boston Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Sandra Cerda
- Department of Pathology, Boston Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Frederick A Godley
- Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Boston Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Sowmya R Rao
- Department of Global Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - David McAneny
- Department of Surgery, Boston Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Gerard Doherty
- Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Lewis Braverman
- Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Boston Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Stephanie L Lee
- Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Boston Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
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Soliman M, Shevtsov A, Zhao Q(G, Cerda S. A Report of a Case of Hyalinizing Trabecular Neoplasm of Thyroid Gland Associated With PAX8-GLIS3 Fusion. Am J Clin Pathol 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/ajcp/aqy102.312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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13
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Hong X, Hao K, Ji H, Peng S, Sherwood B, Di Narzo A, Tsai HJ, Liu X, Burd I, Wang G, Ji Y, Caruso D, Mao G, Bartell TR, Zhang Z, Pearson C, Heffner L, Cerda S, Beaty TH, Fallin MD, Lee-Parritz A, Zuckerman B, Weeks DE, Wang X. Genome-wide approach identifies a novel gene-maternal pre-pregnancy BMI interaction on preterm birth. Nat Commun 2017; 8:15608. [PMID: 28598419 PMCID: PMC5472707 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms15608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2016] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Preterm birth (PTB) contributes significantly to infant mortality and morbidity with lifelong impact. Few robust genetic factors of PTB have been identified. Such 'missing heritability' may be partly due to gene × environment interactions (G × E), which is largely unexplored. Here we conduct genome-wide G × E analyses of PTB in 1,733 African-American women (698 mothers of PTB; 1,035 of term birth) from the Boston Birth Cohort. We show that maternal COL24A1 variants have a significant genome-wide interaction with maternal pre-pregnancy overweight/obesity on PTB risk, with rs11161721 (PG × E=1.8 × 10-8; empirical PG × E=1.2 × 10-8) as the top hit. This interaction is replicated in African-American mothers (PG × E=0.01) from an independent cohort and in meta-analysis (PG × E=3.6 × 10-9), but is not replicated in Caucasians. In adipose tissue, rs11161721 is significantly associated with altered COL24A1 expression. Our findings may provide new insight into the aetiology of PTB and improve our ability to predict and prevent PTB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiumei Hong
- Center on the Early Life Origins of Disease, Department of Population, Family and Reproductive Health, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA
| | - Ke Hao
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn Institute for Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, USA
| | - Hongkai Ji
- Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA
| | - Shouneng Peng
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn Institute for Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, USA
| | - Ben Sherwood
- Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA
| | - Antonio Di Narzo
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn Institute for Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, USA
| | - Hui-Ju Tsai
- Department of Pediatrics, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA
- Division of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Institute of Population Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan 35053, Taiwan
| | - Xin Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA
- Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Irina Burd
- Integrated Research Center for Fetal Medicine, Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21287, USA
| | - Guoying Wang
- Center on the Early Life Origins of Disease, Department of Population, Family and Reproductive Health, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA
| | - Yuelong Ji
- Center on the Early Life Origins of Disease, Department of Population, Family and Reproductive Health, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA
| | - Deanna Caruso
- Center on the Early Life Origins of Disease, Department of Population, Family and Reproductive Health, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA
| | - Guangyun Mao
- Center on the Early Life Origins of Disease, Department of Population, Family and Reproductive Health, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA
| | - Tami R. Bartell
- Mary Ann & J. Milburn Smith Child Health Research Program, Stanley Manne Children's Research Institute, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA
| | - Zhongyang Zhang
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn Institute for Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, USA
| | - Colleen Pearson
- Department of Pediatrics, Boston University School of Medicine and Boston Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts 02118, USA
| | - Linda Heffner
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02118, USA
| | - Sandra Cerda
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Boston Medical Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02118, USA
| | - Terri H. Beaty
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA
| | - M. Daniele Fallin
- Department of Mental Health, Wendy Klag Center for Autism and Developmental Disabilities, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA
| | - Aviva Lee-Parritz
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02118, USA
| | - Barry Zuckerman
- Department of Pediatrics, Boston University School of Medicine and Boston Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts 02118, USA
| | - Daniel E. Weeks
- Department of Human Genetics and Biostatistics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, USA
| | - Xiaobin Wang
- Center on the Early Life Origins of Disease, Department of Population, Family and Reproductive Health, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA
- Division of General Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA
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Shen J, Gibson JA, Schulte S, Khurana H, Farraye FA, Levine J, Burakoff R, Cerda S, Qazi T, Hamilton M, Srivastava A, Odze RD. Clinical, pathologic, and outcome study of hyperplastic and sessile serrated polyps in inflammatory bowel disease. Hum Pathol 2015; 46:1548-56. [DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2015.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2015] [Revised: 06/11/2015] [Accepted: 06/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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15
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Agarwal S, Stucchi AF, Dendrinos K, Cerda S, O'Brien MJ, Becker JM, Heeren T, Farraye FA. Is pyloric gland metaplasia in ileal pouch biopsies a marker for Crohn's disease? Dig Dis Sci 2013; 58:2918-25. [PMID: 23543088 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-013-2655-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2012] [Accepted: 03/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Approximately 5-10 % of ulcerative colitis (UC) patients who undergo ileal pouch-anal anastomosis (IPAA) will develop postoperative complications such as refractory pouchitis or a change in diagnosis to Crohn's disease (CD). Serological markers and histologic aspects of the pouch such as pyloric gland metaplasia (PGM) have been associated with a risk for these complications. METHODS Twenty-eight IPAA patients with either CD of the pouch or chronic pouchitis (cases) and 36 IPAA controls who experienced a normal postoperative course were originally consented. Of these 64 subjects, 22 cases and 17 controls had histopathologic and serologic data available and were subsequently enrolled. Demographic and clinical data were entered into a database, blood analyzed for serological markers (Prometheus Labs, San Diego, CA) and biopsies of the pouch and the afferent limb reviewed by two GI pathologists. RESULTS Of the cases, 55 % (12/22) had evidence of PGM in their pouch and/or small bowel biopsies, as compared to 12 % (2/17) of the controls (p = 0.006). Of 13 subjects with CD, 77 % (10/13) were found to have PGM versus subjects with chronic pouchitis in which 22 % (2/9) were found to have PGM (p = 0.03). There was a trend of ASCA positivity (both IgG and IgA, p = 0.20) and of higher ASCA titer levels (p = 0.07) with postoperative complications. CONCLUSION This study suggests that the presence of ileal pouch PGM is associated with postoperative complications and favors a diagnosis of CD over UC with chronic pouchitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuchi Agarwal
- Section of Gastroenterology, Boston University School of Medicine, 85 East Concord St. 7th Floor, Boston, MA, 02118, USA,
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16
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Parekh A, Truong MT, Pashtan I, Qureshi MM, Martin NE, Nawaz O, Cerda S, Willins J, Hartshorn KL, Kachnic LA. Acute gastrointestinal toxicity and tumor response with preoperative intensity modulated radiation therapy for rectal cancer. Gastrointest Cancer Res 2013; 6:137-43. [PMID: 24312687 PMCID: PMC3849901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2013] [Accepted: 08/29/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Preoperative chemoradiotherapy (preopCRT) for locally advanced rectal cancer is associated with grade 3 or higher acute gastrointestinal (GI) toxicity. This study was conducted to determine whether intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) significantly reduces acute GI toxicity, compared to 3-dimensional conformal RT (3D-CRT) in preopCRT for rectal cancer. METHODS A retrospective analysis was conducted of 48 patients treated between January 2002 and August 2010 with preopCRT for rectal cancer. 3D-CRT or IMRT was administered at a planned dose of 45-50.4 Gy to patients positioned prone on a bowel-displacement device. Data regarding patient and tumor characteristics, treatment, acute toxicity, and tumor response were collected. Comparisons of acute toxicity and treatment response between 3D-CRT and IMRT were performed with the Chi-square or Fisher's exact test. RESULTS There were no significant differences in radiation dose, median age, race, gender, stage, type of concurrent chemotherapy, pathologic complete response (pCR), or type of surgery (lower anterior or abdominal perineal resection) between 3D-CRT and IMRT. There was a significant reduction in grade 2 or higher GI toxicity (3D-CRT, 60.7%; IMRT, 30%; P = .036) and grade 2 or higher diarrhea (3D-CRT, 42.8%; IMRT, 10%; P = .014). Two patients who underwent 3D-CRT required a treatment break (grade 3 diarrhea and grade 3 dehydration). Radiation duration was significantly less (IMRT, 35 days; 3D-CRT, 39 days; P ≤ .0001). pCR rates were 16.7% for 3D-CRT and 21.4% for IMRT (nonsignificant [NS]); pCR+microscopic residual rates were 57.1% for IMRT and 27.8% for 3D-CRT (P = .093). CONCLUSION Maximal bowel displacement with IMRT yields favorable acute GI toxicity and pathologic downstaging profiles, as compared to 3D-CRT in preoperative CRT for rectal cancer and warrants further prospective investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arti Parekh
- Department of Radiation Oncology
- Harvard Radiation Oncology Program Harvard Medical School Boston, MA
| | | | - Itai Pashtan
- Harvard Radiation Oncology Program Harvard Medical School Boston, MA
| | | | - Neil E. Martin
- Department of Radiation Oncology Brigham and Women's Hospital Boston, MA
| | - Omer Nawaz
- Department of Radiation Oncology Paoli Hospital Cancer Center Paoli, PA
| | | | | | - Kevan L. Hartshorn
- Department of Medical Oncology Boston Medical Center Boston University School of Medicine Boston, MA
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Ouyang F, Parker M, Cerda S, Pearson C, Fu L, Gillman MW, Zuckerman B, Wang X. Placental weight mediates the effects of prenatal factors on fetal growth: the extent differs by preterm status. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2013; 21:609-20. [PMID: 23592670 PMCID: PMC3418379 DOI: 10.1002/oby.20254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2011] [Accepted: 03/23/2012] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Elevated pre-pregnancy BMI, excessive gestational weight gain (GWG), and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) are known determinants of fetal growth. The role of placental weight is unclear. We aimed to examine the extent to which placental weight mediates the associations of pre-pregnancy BMI, GWG, and GDM with birth weight-for-gestational age, and whether the relationships differ by preterm status. DESIGN AND METHODS We examined 1,035 mother-infant pairs at birth from the Boston Birth Cohort. Data were collected by questionnaire and clinical measures. Placentas were weighed without membranes or umbilical cords. We performed sequential models excluding and including placental weight, stratified by preterm status. RESULTS We found that 21% of mothers were obese, 42% had excessive GWG, and 5% had GDM. Forty-one percent were preterm. Among term births, after adjustment for sex, gestational age, maternal age, race, parity, education, smoking, and stress during pregnancy, birth weight-for-gestational age z-score was 0.55 (0.30, 0.80) units higher for pre-pregnancy obesity vs. normal weight. It was 0.34 (0.13, 0.55) higher for excessive vs. adequate GWG, 0.67 (0.24, 1.10) for GDM vs. no DM, with additional adjustment for pre-pregnancy BMI. Adding placental weight to the models attenuated the estimates for pre-pregnancy obesity by 20%, excessive GWG by 32%, and GDM by 21%. Among preterm infants, GDM was associated with 0.67 (0.34, 1.00) higher birth weight-for-gestational age z-score, but pre-pregnancy obesity and excessive GWG were not. Attenuation by placental weight was 36% for GDM. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that placental weight partially mediates the effects of pre-pregnancy obesity, GDM, and excessive GWG on fetal growth among term infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengxiu Ouyang
- MOE-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Mary Ann and J. Milburn Smith Child Health Research Program, Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine and Children's Memorial Hospital and Children's Memorial Research Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Margaret Parker
- Department of Pediatrics, Boston University School of Medicine, and Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA
| | - Sandra Cerda
- Department of Pathology, Boston University School of Medicine and Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA
| | - Colleen Pearson
- Division of General Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, Boston University School of Medicine and Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA
| | - Lingling Fu
- Division of General Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, Boston University School of Medicine and Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA
| | - Matthew W. Gillman
- Obesity Prevention Program, Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, MA
| | - Barry Zuckerman
- Department of Pediatrics, Boston University School of Medicine, and Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA
| | - Xiaobin Wang
- Mary Ann and J. Milburn Smith Child Health Research Program, Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine and Children's Memorial Hospital and Children's Memorial Research Center, Chicago, IL, USA
- Center on the Childhood Origins of Disease, Department of Population, Family and Reproductive Health, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
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18
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Wang H, Cerda S, Hwang HS. An Epiglottic Pyogenic Granuloma Presenting with Spontaneous Hemoptysis. Laryngoscope 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/lary.22265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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19
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Mestan K, Yu Y, Matoba N, Cerda S, Demmin B, Pearson C, Ortiz K, Wang X. Placental inflammatory response is associated with poor neonatal growth: preterm birth cohort study. Pediatrics 2010; 125:e891-8. [PMID: 20308216 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2009-0313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We sought to determine whether placental markers of intrauterine inflammation were associated with poor weight gain among premature infants in the neonatal period. METHODS We reviewed 697 preterm births prospectively enrolled as part of an ongoing molecular epidemiological study. Placental markers and serial weight gain were analyzed for premature infants who were hospitalized for >/=21 days (N = 256). Placentas were examined for maternal inflammatory response (MIR), defined as subchorionitis, chorioamnionitis, deciduitis, or free membranitis, and fetal inflammatory response (FIR), defined as inflammation extending to the umbilical cord or chorionic plate. Multivariate linear regression and stratified analyses were performed. RESULTS Decreases in weight gain at day 21 were associated with the presence of either MIR or FIR (beta coefficient = -4.63 +/- 1.41; P = .001). The association was stronger with FIR than MIR (P for trend = .0027) and persisted in the remaining hospitalized infants at day 28 (n = 223; beta coefficient = -5.53 +/- 1.85; P = .0028). Mean body weights were similar among the 3 groups by corrected age of 36 weeks or discharge, whichever came first. Associations between placental inflammation and poor growth persisted among infants with prenatal corticosteroid exposure and/or neonatal complications and remained marginally significant in the nonexposed groups. Among infants without intrauterine growth restriction, significant association persisted (n = 186; beta coefficient = -5.68 +/- 1.56; P = .0003). CONCLUSIONS Placental inflammation is associated with poor neonatal growth. MIR and FIR may be useful markers for identifying infants at risk for postnatal growth failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Mestan
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Children's Memorial Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, 2300 Children's Plaza, Box 45, Chicago, IL 60614, USA.
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20
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Dendrinos K, Cerda S, Farraye FA. The "cecal patch" in patients with ulcerative colitis. Gastrointest Endosc 2008; 68:1006-7; discussion 1007. [PMID: 18620347 DOI: 10.1016/j.gie.2008.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2007] [Accepted: 04/08/2008] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kleanthis Dendrinos
- Section of Gastroenterology, Boston University Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Gupta M, Mestan KK, Martin CR, Pearson C, Ortiz K, Fu L, Stubblefield P, Cerda S, Kasznica JM, Wang X. Impact of clinical and histologic correlates of maternal and fetal inflammatory response on gestational age in preterm births. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2007; 20:39-46. [PMID: 17437198 DOI: 10.1080/14767050601156861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the impact of clinical and histopathologic correlates related to maternal and fetal inflammatory responses (MIR and FIR) on degree of preterm birth. METHODS Pathology reports and clinical data from 577 singleton preterm births (<37 weeks of gestation) that took place between 1998 and 2004 were analyzed according to decreasing gestational age (>or=33 weeks, 29-32 weeks, and <29 weeks). MIR was defined by presence of subchorionitis, chorioamnionitis, deciduitis, or free membranitis; FIR was defined by presence of funisitis or chorionic plate vasculitis. The associations between MIR alone and MIR with FIR and gestational age subgroups were assessed using logistic regression. RESULTS The presence of FIR in addition to MIR was more strongly associated with degree of prematurity than the presence of MIR alone, especially for those born at <29 weeks (OR=10.1 (95% CI 4.3-23.7) and OR=5.3 (95% CI 2.3-12.5), respectively). These associations remained significant after adjusting for maternal race, clinical signs of chorioamnionitis, medically indicated birth, and intrapartum corticosteroid, tocolysis and antibiotic use, and after stratification by clinical signs of chorioamnionitis and medically indicated birth. CONCLUSIONS The combined presence of MIR and FIR is associated with a higher risk of extreme preterm birth (<29 weeks) than MIR alone, suggesting a contributory role of FIR in the pathophysiology of preterm birth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Munish Gupta
- Department of Neonatology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
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22
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Méndez JE, Lamorte WW, de Las Morenas A, Cerda S, Pistey R, King T, Kavanah M, Hirsch E, Stone MD. Influence of breast cancer margin assessment method on the rates of positive margins and residual carcinoma. Am J Surg 2006; 192:538-40. [PMID: 16978970 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjsurg.2006.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2006] [Revised: 06/09/2006] [Accepted: 06/09/2006] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We hypothesized that the method of breast cancer margin assessment may be associated with different rates of positive margins and residual carcinoma. METHODS A total of 178 breast cancer specimens were divided into 2 groups (A and B) based on the margin assessment method used. Rates of positive margins, re-excision, and residual carcinoma at re-excision were compared and analyzed statistically. RESULTS At least 1 margin was positive in 64.7% in group A and in 65.2% in group B. At directed re-excision 54% in group A and 51% in group B had residual carcinoma. The lateral margin was positive in 44% in group A compared with 26% in group B (P = .06). The posterior margin was positive in 19% in group A and in 51% in group B (P = .001). CONCLUSIONS Two different breast cancer specimen margin assessment methods had comparable rates of positive margins and residual carcinoma at re-excision. Different patterns of specific margin positivity suggest that the method of margin assessment may alter results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane E Méndez
- Department of Surgery, Boston Medical Center, Boston University School of Medicine, 88 E. Newton St., D 509, Boston, MA 02118, USA.
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23
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Stucchi A, Reed K, O'Brien M, Cerda S, Andrews C, Gower A, Bushell K, Amar S, Leeman S, Becker J. A new transcription factor that regulates TNF-alpha gene expression, LITAF, is increased in intestinal tissues from patients with CD and UC. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2006; 12:581-7. [PMID: 16804395 DOI: 10.1097/01.mib.0000225338.14356.d5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The proinflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) plays a key role in the pathogenesis of Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). Recently, a new transcription factor termed LITAF (lipopolysaccharide-induced TNF-alpha factor) was shown to mediate TNF-alpha expression in human macrophages by direct binding to specific sequences in the promoter region of the TNF-alpha gene. METHODS In this report, we identified LITAF in resected ileal and colonic tissues from patients with CD and UC by immunohistochemistry, real-time polymerase chain reaction, and Western blot analysis. LITAF expression in inflamed and noninflamed areas of the tissues was compared. RESULTS This is the first demonstration of LITAF, a newly discovered transcription factor that regulates TNF-alpha gene transcription in ileal and colonic tissues from patients with either CD or UC. LITAF immunostaining was localized to lamina propria macrophages and was markedly increased relative to tissues from controls without inflammatory bowel disease. In patients with CD, a 5-fold increase in LITAF mRNA was measurable in noninflamed colonic tissues compared with controls without inflammatory bowel disease. LITAF mRNA in tissues from inflamed areas of the colon was increased by an additional 60% compared with noninflamed tissues. In patients with UC, LITAF mRNA levels in colonic tissues resected from noninflamed areas were elevated 15-fold above nondisease controls, but they were not different in tissues resected from inflamed areas. Western blot analysis showed that in patients with CD, there was a marked increase in LITAF protein in inflamed areas compared with noninflamed areas. LITAF protein levels were not different between noninflamed and inflamed tissues obtained from patients with UC. TNF-alpha mRNA and protein levels paralleled LITAF. Similarly, in inflamed ileal tissues from patients with CD, LITAF is also localized to lamina propria macrophages. LITAF mRNA and LITAF protein were significantly increased in inflamed ileal tissues compared with noninflamed areas. CONCLUSIONS LITAF is readily detectable in ileal and colonic tissues from patients with either CD or UC, is significantly elevated above controls, and is localized to macrophages, a major source of TNF-alpha. These data provide strong evidence of a role for LITAF in the pathophysiological regulation of the TNF-alpha gene and underscore the potential value of anti-LITAF strategies in the clinical management of these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur Stucchi
- Department of Surgery, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02118, USA
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24
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas C Liu
- Section of Gastroenterology, Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
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25
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Lorber
- Department of Surgery, Boston Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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26
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Sutherland SE, Zhongren Z, Wen CC, Matias SM, Stankovic M, Cerda S, Las Morenas AD, Siegel SW, Munarriz RM, Goldstein I. 1621: Female Sexual Dysfunction Due to Pain: Androgenic Influence on the Pathophysiology of Vulvar Vestffiulitis Syndrome. J Urol 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-5347(18)38829-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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27
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Affiliation(s)
- J Oviedo
- Section of Gastroenterology, Boston Medical Center and Boston University School of Medicine, Mass 02118, USA
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28
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O'Brien MJ, Keating NM, Elderiny S, Cerda S, Keaveny AP, Afdhal NH, Nunes DP. An assessment of digital image analysis to measure fibrosis in liver biopsy specimens of patients with chronic hepatitis C. Am J Clin Pathol 2000; 114:712-8. [PMID: 11068544 DOI: 10.1309/d7au-eyw7-4b6c-k08y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim was to assess the validity of a digitally computed fibrosis ratio as a measure of fibrosis stage in liver biopsy specimens. We scored 230 liver biopsy specimens from patients with chronic hepatitis C for fibrosis using modified Knodell criteria; fibrosis ratios were computed from digital images that encompassed the complete trichrome-stained section of each case. Although an overall correlation between fibrosis ratio and ordinal score was present, subset analysis showed that this correlation existed only among biopsy specimens with high scores (3-6, early bridging fibrosis to established cirrhosis). There was no correlation or difference between category means found among biopsy specimens with low scores (0-3, normal to early bridging fibrosis). Furthermore, concordance by both estimates in direction of fibrosis change among serial liver biopsy specimens was found in only 11 (30%) of 37 pairs compared. The findings suggest that a qualitative assessment of the computerized fibrosis pattern is necessary for the interpretation of computerized fibrosis ratio measurements, particularly in patients with early stage fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J O'Brien
- Department of Pathology, Boston University School of Medicine, MA, USA
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29
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Comenzo RL, Sanchorawala V, Fisher C, Akpek G, Farhat M, Cerda S, Berk JL, Dember LM, Falk R, Finn K, Skinner M, Vosburgh E. Intermediate-dose intravenous melphalan and blood stem cells mobilized with sequential GM+G-CSF or G-CSF alone to treat AL (amyloid light chain) amyloidosis. Br J Haematol 1999; 104:553-9. [PMID: 10086794 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2141.1999.01216.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
AL amyloidosis patients ineligible for dose-intensive melphalan (200 mg/m2) were enrolled on a phase 11 trial to be treated with two cycles of intermediate-dose melphalan (IDM 100 mg/m2) and mobilized blood stem cells (BSC). For mobilization patients were randomized to either GM-CSF 250 microg/m2 for 3 d followed by G-CSF 10 microg/ kg for 3 d (GM+G), or G-CSF 10 microg/kg for 6 d (G-alone), with leukaphereses on days 5, 6 and 7. To minimize morbidity, we planned to support each cycle with 3 5 x 106 CD34+ cells/kg and had a collection target of 7 x 10(6) CD34+ cells/kg. Those who did not achieve the target were treated with one cycle of IDM. 30 patients, a median of 62 years old and 7 months from diagnosis, were enrolled. Both mobilization regimens were generally well tolerated, and similar in terms of CD34+ cells and CFU-GM collected, but only 6/28 patients achieved the collection target (GM+G four, G-alone two). Despite a 19% incidence of grade 4 toxicities, IDM therapy was well tolerated. At a median follow-up of 24 months (19-36) 57% of patients had survived, 17% with durable complete haematological responses and 40% with improved or stable amyloid organ involvement, including 3/9 patients with predominant cardiac amyloid who are alive 2-3 years after treatment. The 100 d mortality was 20%. In conclusion, no definitive differences were identified between the mobilization regimens and IDM was an active regimen in AL for selected patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- R L Comenzo
- Department of Medicine, Stem-cell Transplant Program, Boston Medical Center and Boston University School of Medicine, Massachusetts 02118, USA.
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Abstract
One of the most prevalent products of oxygen radical injury in DNA is 8-hydroxyguanosine. Cells must be able to withstand damage by oxygen radicals and possess specific repair mechanisms that correct this oxidative lesion. However, when these defenses are oversaturated, such as under conditions of high oxidative stress, or when repair is inefficient, the miscoding potential of this lesion can result in mutations in the mammalian genome. In addition to causing genetic changes, active oxygen species can lead to epigenetic alterations in DNA methylation, without changing the DNA base sequence. Such changes in DNA methylation patterns can strongly affect the regulation of expression of many genes. Although DNA methylation patterns have been found to be altered during carcinogenesis, little is known about the mechanism(s) that produce this loss of epigenetic controls of gene expression in tumors. Replacement of guanine with the oxygen radical adduct 8-hydroxyguanine profoundly alters methylation of adjacent cytosines, suggesting a role for oxidative injury in the formation of aberrant DNA methylation patterns during carcinogenesis. In this paper, we review both the genetic and epigenetic mechanisms of oxidative DNA damage and its association with the carcinogenic process, with special emphasis on the influence of free radical injury on DNA methylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Cerda
- Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Medical School, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
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31
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Broitman SA, Wilkinson J, Cerda S, Branch SK. Effects of monoterpenes and mevinolin on murine colon tumor CT-26 in vitro and its hepatic "metastases" in vivo. Adv Exp Med Biol 1996; 401:111-30. [PMID: 8886130 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4613-0399-2_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Tumors derived from the colonic epithelium exhibit cholesterol metabolism which is clearly different from that in fibroblasts, hepatocytes, adrenals, and ovaries. In hepatocytes and fibroblasts MEV inhibition of the rate limiting step in cholesterol synthesis HMG Co A reductase can be overcome by the uptake of LDL. Colon cancer cells however do not overcome MEV inhibition by LDL uptake but rather exhibit further growth suppression Mevinolin (Mevacor), a drug used to lower serum cholesterol levels has the advantage of accumulating in the liver to approximately 95% with the first pass. A small but variable percentage of non-sterol precursors may escape inhibition and be utilized for other pathways in the isoprenylation of certain proteins, among them members of the ras family. Mutated ras, an oncogene, is found in 40-50% of colon tumors and the expression of a functional gene product is dependent on isoprenylation for anchorage to the tumor cell membrane. d-Limonene, a relatively non-toxic monoterpene found in orange skin oil, selectively inhibits isoprenylation and also accumulates to some extent in the liver. It was hypothesized that the differences in mevalonate metabolism between hepatocytes and colon tumor cells could provide a chemotherapeutic advantage in which MEV and/or d-limonene could effectively inhibit cholesterol synthesis and post-translational modification of proteins with non-sterol cholesterol precursors in colon tumor derived hepatic metastases and thus inhibit their growth. Since each drug affects aspects of mevalonate synthesis at different points, the effects of the combination of their agents on inhibiting tumor metastases was investigated to ascertain if these could be additive. In tissue culture, MEV and d-limonene significantly inhibited the growth of CT-26, a murine transplantable colon tumor. Cholesterol synthesis assessed in these cells indicated that in lipid deficient media the following additions-25-hydroxycholesterol, and LDL significantly reduced cholesterol synthesis. Conversely, perillyl alcohol increased cholesterol synthesis 2.5 fold. In cells cultured in FBS based medium, which have an FBS control, MEV treatment reduced cholesterol synthesis to 65% of control. Perillyl alcohol increased synthesis 1.4 fold and when given in conjunction with MEV, it abolished the effects of this inhibitor. In isoprenylation studies of 14C-mevalonate incorporation into proteins, MEV impaired isoprenylation by restricting synthesis of mevalonate derived intermediates. Results of CT-26 treatment with perillyl alcohol are inconsistent with its putative role as a protein isoprenylation inhibitor. The combination of these agents indicates an additive action which requires additional investigation to elucidate their mechanism(s). Dietary MEV and d-limonene were evaluated alone and in combination for their chemotherapeutic potential in a hepatic "metastasis" model. Using splenic colonization in which CT-26 was implanted into the spleen and ultimately seeded the liver, each of these compounds were found to inhibit the growth of resultant tumors both alone and in combination by approximately 80% versus controls at 35 days post-implantation. Assessment of HMGCoA reductase in liver and tumor indicated that these agents were effective in reaching these target sites. The findings to date indicate that while d-limonene and MEV may differentially affect the same pathway, and their individual actions may appear antagonistic in vitro, their overall action individually or together, appears promising as a chemotherapeutic modality for the possible management of hepatic metastases from colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A Broitman
- Department of Microbiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Massachusetts, USA
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32
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Oh SK, Cerda S, Lee BG, Blanchard GC, Walker JE, Hartshorn K. Partial purification and identification of an immunosuppressive factor in AIDS sera. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 1993; 9:365-73. [PMID: 7685613 DOI: 10.1089/aid.1993.9.365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The cause of the profound immunodeficiency state induced by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is not yet fully understood. Although direct cytopathic effects of the virus leading to the loss of CD4+ lymphocytes are believed to play a major role, soluble factors that cause lymphocyte dysfunction have also been identified. Here, we demonstrate that sera of AIDS patients contain a viral component capable of profoundly inhibiting normal T lymphocyte and natural killer cell functions. This factor (M(r) 30,000-50,000) is relatively resistant to proteolytic degradation, heat denaturation, extreme pH, and chemical modifications. It has been determined by Western blotting to share epitopes with the gp41 viral transmembrane component of HIV-1. This immunosuppressive factor has the characteristic property of inhibiting lymphocyte activation in the early stage (within 3 hr) of mitogenic stimulation. Concomitant with the inhibition of lymphocyte activation and interleukin 2 (IL-2) production, transcription of the IL-2 message is also reduced in a time-dependent manner. The unique time dependency of this immunosuppressive factor in lymphocyte activation could serve as a valuable tool to study the early steps of signal transduction in lymphocyte activation beyond membrane interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- S K Oh
- Department of Microbiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Massachusetts 02118
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33
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Broitman SA, Cerda S, Wilkinson J. Cholesterol metabolism and colon cancer. Prog Food Nutr Sci 1993; 17:1-40. [PMID: 8502754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
While epidemiologic and concordant experimental data indicate a direct relationship between dietary fat (and presumably caloric) intake and the development of colon cancer, the effect of dietary cholesterol on this disease is still not clear. However, there appears to be a developing literature concerning an inverse relationship between serum and plasma cholesterol levels, and the risk for colon cancer. Findings that low serum cholesterol levels are apparent as early as ten years prior to the detection of colon cancer implies that sub clinical disease is probably not involved initially in this process. The possibility of low serum cholesterol as a bio-marker was considered in epidemiologic studies which focused upon obese men with lower than normal serum cholesterol levels who were found to be at increased risk to colon cancer. While the relationship between low serum cholesterol and colonic or intestinal cholesterol metabolism is presently not understood, current genetic studies provide a promising though as yet unexplored potential association. Alterations which occur during the developmental progression of colonic cancer include changes in chromosome 5, which also carries two genes vital to the biosynthesis and regulation of systemic and cellular cholesterol metabolism, 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A synthase, and 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HMGCoA R). Regulation of cholesterol metabolism in intestinal cells in vivo and in vitro varies from that seen in normal fibroblasts or hepatocytes in terms of exogenous sources of cholesterol and how these sources regulate internal synthesis. Colonic cancer cells have been used to assess small bowel enterocyte cholesterol metabolism, which has been possible because of their ability to differentiate in culture, however information regarding true colonic enterocyte cholesterol metabolism is relatively scarce. Colonic cancer cells have been shown to possess a diminished or nonexistent ability to use low density lipoprotein to support cellular growth, unlike normal fibroblasts. Diminished low density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor (LDL-R) activity is a significant alteration in a metabolic pathway with such fundamental ties to cellular growth and activation (via mevalonate effects on isoprenylation of G-proteins for example), that it is selected for in the development of certain tumors--among them human colonic carcinomas. It would be expected that such a loss would provide a growth advantage to the tumor cell. Preliminary investigation of this hypothesis has shown that LDL will inhibit the proliferative capacity of certain human colonic adenocarcinomas, and that these cells possess a high rate of cholesterol synthesis relative to fibroblasts.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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Affiliation(s)
- S A Broitman
- Department of Microbiology, Boston University School of Medicine, MA 02118
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Abstract
Native human haptoglobin isolated from normal human plasma by affinity chromatography on chicken hemoglobin -Sepharose was used as standard antigen. A direct sandwich ELISA for haptoglobin was developed, with human hemoglobin as a capturing agent. The peroxidase activity of the complex was measured as a means of detecting functional haptoglobin. The reactivities of monoclonal antibody vs. polyclonal antisera on the haptoglobin-hemoglobin complex were compared. Adopting a monoclonal antibody, clone 21.7, which is directed to the alpha chain of haptoglobin, a specific method to quantitate the native haptoglobin which can complex with hemoglobin has been developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Cerda
- Department of Microbiology, Boston University School of Medicine, MA 02118
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