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Mugri MH, Sayed ME, Bhandi S, A Alaqi HA, B Alsubeaie NH, Alsubaie SH, Varadarajan S, Raj AT, Yadalam PK, Khurshid Z, Balaji TM, Patil S. Success rate of immediately loaded implants in the posterior zone. Niger J Clin Pract 2023; 26:1215-1225. [PMID: 37794532 DOI: 10.4103/njcp.njcp_884_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
Dental implants are considered an ideal treatment for a missing single tooth. Immediate loading of implants can hasten the procedure, providing comfort to the patients. Recently, immediate loading of implants has gained much importance as it helps hasten the procedure and provides more comfort to patients. A previous systematic review published 5 years ago compared the success rates between immediate and conventional loading. There are several factors that influence the success rate of implants that were not discussed in detail in the previous review. Hence, the present systematic review is done to report differences in the outcomes from single implant restorations of missing teeth in the posterior region in patients who were subjected to immediate loading and conventional loading. A follow up for 1 year was done. Electronic databases of Medline, Scopus, and Web of Science were searched for publications in the English Language during May 2021. The search results yielded 306 articles, out of which 225 were excluded based on title and abstract screening. Screening of the remaining 81 full text articles yielded 14 original research articles that satisfied the predefined inclusion criteria. Meta analysis was not possible due to the heterogeneity of the data. The overall success rate of the immediate loading of a single implant is 94.31%. Implants in the maxillary region had a higher survival rate than those in the mandibular region. The age range between 18 and 80 years showed good prognosis and outcomes in older individuals. Good oral hygiene was emphasized for all patients to prevent any secondary conditions or delays in healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- M H Mugri
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - M E Sayed
- Department of Prosthetic Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - S Bhandi
- College of Dental Medicine, Roseman University of Health Science, South Jordan, UTAH-84095, USA
| | - H A A Alaqi
- Private Practice, Jazan, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | | | - S H Alsubaie
- Private Practice, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - S Varadarajan
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Sri Venkateswara Dental College and Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - A T Raj
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Sri Venkateswara Dental College and Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - P K Yadalam
- Department of Periodontics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Z Khurshid
- Department of Prosthodontics and Dental Implantology, College of Dentistry, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
| | - T M Balaji
- Department of Periodontology, Tagore Dental College and Hospital, Chennai, India
| | - S Patil
- College of Dental Medicine, Roseman University of Health Science, South Jordan, UTAH-84095, USA
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Ramesh R, Siroraj P, Varadarajan S, Balaji TM, Patil S. The SARS-CoV-2 Virus could Downregulate Dual Specificity Phosphatase-1 Expression in Oral Cancer: A Plausible Hypothesis that could Explain Oral Cancer Progression in the COVID-19 Pandemic and Post-pandemic Situation. J Contemp Dent Pract 2023; 23:963-964. [PMID: 37073906 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10024-3334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
Abstract
This study explores the downregulation of Dual Specificity Phosphatase-1 (DUSP-1) expression in oral cancer progression during the pandemic and post-pandemic situations. Keywords: COVID-19, Dual specificity phosphatase-1, Oral cancer, SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajeswari Ramesh
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Siroraj Hospital, Thoothukudi, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Pearlcid Siroraj
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dental Sciences, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Saranya Varadarajan
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Sri Venkateswara Dental College and Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Shankargouda Patil
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery and Diagnostic Sciences, Division of Oral Pathology, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia, Phone: +96 6507633755, e-mail:
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G M, Govindarajan S, Veeraraghavan V, Varadarajan S, Balasubramaniam A, R D. Used Toothbrush as a Potential Source of Gene Expression Among Subjects With Systemic Disease and Adverse Habits. Cureus 2022; 14:e31391. [DOI: 10.7759/cureus.31391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Varadarajan S, Madapusi BT, Narasimhan M, Pandian CD, Dhanapal S. Anticancer Effects of Carica papaya L. and Benzyl Isothiocyanate on an Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Cell Line: An In Vitro Study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2022; 23:839-844. [PMID: 37283020 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10024-3384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
AIM The study aimed to assess the anticancer effects of leaves of the male and female plant and seeds Carica papaya L. extract and the active compound benzyl isothiocyanate on oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) cell line. MATERIALS AND METHODS Extracts of CO2 strain C. papaya L. seeds were prepared using water, ethanol, and ethanol:water by maceration, and benzyl isothiocyanate was quantified. Alkaloid fractions of leaves of male and female plants of C. papaya L. were prepared and quantified. The anticancer effects of the test substances on the SCC-25 cell line were assessed by MTT, apoptosis assay, cell cycle analysis, and determination of mitochondrial membrane potential. RESULTS The ethanol:water extract of C. papaya L. (seeds) demonstrated the highest quantity of benzyl isothiocyanate. Male plant leaves demonstrated greater alkaloid content. The leaves of the male plant exhibited apoptosis induction and S-phase arrest, whereas the leaves of the female plant and seeds of C. papaya L. demonstrated G2M-phase arrest and apoptosis induction. CONCLUSION C. papaya L. and benzyl isothiocyanate demonstrated anticancer effects. There was a difference in the anticancer effects of leaves of male and female plants of C. papaya L. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE The anticancer effects of papaya leaves and seeds could be further explored to develop an adjunct therapy for oral cancer to improve prognosis and reduce recurrence rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saranya Varadarajan
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Sri Venkateswara Dental College and Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India, Phone: +91 9884748487, e-mail:
| | - Balaji Thodur Madapusi
- Adjunct Professor, Research, Tagore Medical and Dental College, Melakkottaiyur Post, Rathinamangalam, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Malathi Narasimhan
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Dental Sciences, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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Sujatha G, Veeraraghavan VP, Alamoudi A, Bahammam MA, Bahammam SA, Alhazmi YA, Alharbi HS, Alzahrani KJ, Al-Ghamdi MS, Alzahrani FM, Varadarajan S, Raj AT, Patil S. Role of Toothbrushes as Gene Expression Profiling Tool for Oral Cancer Screening in Tobacco and Alcohol Users. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022; 19:8052. [PMID: 35805720 PMCID: PMC9266251 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19138052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Revised: 06/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
AIM The use of toothbrushes was investigated as a potential RNA source and gene expression profiling tool for oral cancer screening in tobacco and alcohol users. METHODOLOGY A total of 20 subjects were selected on the basis of inclusion and exclusion criteria. They were divided into two groups: group I-healthy controls (n = 6); group II-individuals who consume tobacco and alcohol (n = 14). After the volunteers brushed their teeth using a soft-bristle toothbrush with ~0.5 gm of toothpaste, the toothbrushes were collected, and the gene expression of BAX, BCL2, CDK4, CKDN2A, GNB3, and TCF7L2 was assessed. RESULTS The gene expression of BAX decreased significantly in alcoholics and smokers (0.13867 ± 0.12014), while the gene expression of BCL2 increased in alcoholics and smokers (1.91001 ± 0.90425) in comparison with healthy controls (p = 0.0054 and p = 0.0055). Although there was increased expression of CDK4, CKDN2A, and TCF7L2 and decreased expression of GNB3 in smokers and alcoholics, the results were not significant. CONCLUSIONS A toothbrush is a good source of RNA, and gene expression analysis can be performed using the genetic material retrieved from toothbrushes, which can aid in the early diagnosis of oral squamous cell carcinoma among tobacco and alcohol users. Further studies with a larger sample size and different durations of toothbrush use should be conducted to explore the role of toothbrushes as a noninvasive tool for disease diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Govindarajan Sujatha
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Sri Venkateswara Dental College and Hospital, Chennai 600130, India; (G.S.); (S.V.); (A.T.R.)
- Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha University, Chennai 600130, India
| | - Vishnu Priya Veeraraghavan
- Centre of Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics (COMManD), Department of Biochemistry, Saveetha Dental College & Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai 600130, India;
| | - Ahmed Alamoudi
- Oral Biology Department, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Maha A. Bahammam
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
- Executive Presidency of Academic Affairs, Saudi Commission for Health Specialties, Riyadh 11614, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sarah Ahmed Bahammam
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, Taibah University, Medina 42353, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Yaser Ali Alhazmi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan 45412, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Hazar S. Alharbi
- Department of Basic Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Khalid J. Alzahrani
- Department of Clinical Laboratories Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia; (K.J.A.); (M.S.A.-G.); (F.M.A.)
| | - Mohammad S. Al-Ghamdi
- Department of Clinical Laboratories Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia; (K.J.A.); (M.S.A.-G.); (F.M.A.)
| | - Fuad M. Alzahrani
- Department of Clinical Laboratories Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia; (K.J.A.); (M.S.A.-G.); (F.M.A.)
| | - Saranya Varadarajan
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Sri Venkateswara Dental College and Hospital, Chennai 600130, India; (G.S.); (S.V.); (A.T.R.)
| | - A. Thirumal Raj
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Sri Venkateswara Dental College and Hospital, Chennai 600130, India; (G.S.); (S.V.); (A.T.R.)
| | - Shankargouda Patil
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery and Diagnostic Sciences, Division of Oral Pathology, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan 45412, Saudi Arabia
- Centre of Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics (COMManD), Saveetha Dental College & Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai 600130, India
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Celik I, Rudrapal M, Yadalam PK, Chinnam S, Balaji TM, Varadarajan S, Khan J, Patil S, Walode SG, Panke DV. Resveratrol and Its Natural Analogues Inhibit RNA Dependant RNA Polymerase (RdRp) of Rhizopus oryzae in Mucormycosis through Computational Investigations. Polycycl Aromat Compd 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/10406638.2022.2091618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ismail Celik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Mithun Rudrapal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Rasiklal M. Dhariwal Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Pune, India
| | - Pradeep Kumar Yadalam
- Department of Periodontics, Adhiparasakthi Dental College & Hospital, Melmaruvathur, India
| | - Sampath Chinnam
- Department of Chemistry, M. S. Ramaiah Institute of Technology, Bengaluru, India
| | | | - Saranya Varadarajan
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Sri Venkateswara Dental College & Hospital, Chennai, India
| | - Johra Khan
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, Al Majmaah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shankargouda Patil
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery and Diagnostic Sciences, Division of Oral Pathology, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sanjay G. Walode
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Rasiklal M. Dhariwal Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Pune, India
| | - Dhiraj V. Panke
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Rasiklal M. Dhariwal Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Pune, India
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Ramamurthy S, Thiagarajan K, Varghese S, Kumar R, Karthick BP, Varadarajan S, Balaji TM. Assessing the In Vitro Antioxidant and Anti-inflammatory Activity of Moringa oleifera Crude Extract. J Contemp Dent Pract 2022; 23:437-442. [PMID: 35945838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic inflammation and oxidative stress play a vital role in the pathogenesis of various diseases of the oral cavity including periodontal disease. Phytochemicals present in plants with antioxidant (AO) and anti-inflammatory properties could aid as a therapeutic adjunct in the management of these diseases. AIM To assess the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of aqueous and ethanolic extracts of Moringa oleifera Lam. (MOL) in an in vitro environment. MATERIALS AND METHODS Aqueous and ethanolic extracts of M. oleifera Lam. were prepared by maceration. Antioxidant activity was assessed by FRAP, hydroxyl radical scavenging activity, and DPPH radical scavenging assay. Anti-inflammatory activity was assessed by Albumin Denaturation Assay. Experiments were repeated thrice, and mean and standard deviation were calculated. RESULTS Both the test substances exhibited significant antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity, and aqueous extracts exhibited higher activity than ethanolic extract. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION The anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity of M. oleifera Lam. could be further explored for the management of periodontal disease as a local drug delivery system with the extract could be developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanmugapriya Ramamurthy
- Department of Periodontics, Sri Venkateswara Dental College and Hospital; Saveetha Dental College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Kavitha Thiagarajan
- Department of Dental Surgery, Government Stanley Medical College and Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India, Phone: +91 9159344959, e-mail:
| | - Sheeja Varghese
- Department of Periodontics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Rajesh Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology, Nanobiomedicine Laboratory, Saveetha Dental College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - B Prem Karthick
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Priyadarshini Dental College and Hospital, Pandur, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Saranya Varadarajan
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Sri Venkateswara Dental College and Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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Mahendra J, Palathingal P, Mahendra L, Alzahrani KJ, Banjer HJ, Alsharif KF, Halawani IF, Muralidharan J, Annamalai PT, Verma SS, Sharma V, Varadarajan S, Bhandi S, Patil S. Impact of Red Complex Bacteria and TNF-α Levels on the Diabetic and Renal Status of Chronic Kidney Disease Patients in the Presence and Absence of Periodontitis. Biology (Basel) 2022; 11:451. [PMID: 35336824 PMCID: PMC8945045 DOI: 10.3390/biology11030451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Scientific evidence shows a positive association in the etiopathogenesis of periodontitis and chronic kidney disease (CKD). Various confounding factors, such as obesity, diabetes, and inflammation, also play a significant role in the progression of CKD, which remains unexplored. We hypothesise the role of red complex bacteria with various confounding factors associated with chronic kidney disease. The study comprised a total of 120 participants categorised into 4 groups: the control group (C), periodontitis subjects without CKD (P), periodontally healthy chronic kidney disease subjects (CKD), and subjects having both periodontitis and CKD (P + CKD), with 30 subjects in each group. Demographic variables, and periodontal, renal, and diabetic parameters were recorded. Tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α levels and those of red complex bacteria such as Prophyromonas gingivalis (P.g), Treponema denticola (T.d), and Tonerella forsythia (T.f) were assessed, and the obtained results were statistically analysed. Among the various demographic variables, age showed a level of significance. Mean PI, GI, CAL, and PPD (the proportion of sites with PPD ≥ 5 mm and CAL ≥ 3 mm) were elevated in the P + CKD group. Diabetic parameters such as fasting blood sugar (FBS) and HbA1c levels were also greater in the P + CKD group. Renal parameters such as eGFR and serum creatinine levels were greater in CKD patients. The estimation of red complex periodontal pathogens such as Pg, Td and Tf levels were significantly greater in the P and P + CKD groups. Pearson correlation analysis revealed significant correlation of red complex bacteria with all variables. Greater levels of P.g, T.d and T.f were found in the P groups, thus indicating their important role in the initiation and progression of inflammation of periodontitis and CKD, with diabetes as one of the confounding factors. The study also confirmed a log-linear relationship between TNF-α levels and red complex bacteria, thereby demonstrating the role of inflammatory biomarkers in periodontal disease progression that could contribute to the development of systemic inflammation such as CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaideep Mahendra
- Department of Periodontics, Meenakshi Ammal Dental College and Hospital, Meenakshi Academy of Greater Education and Research, Chennai 600095, India;
| | - Plato Palathingal
- Department of Periodontics, PSM College of Dental Science and Research, Thrissur 680519, India;
| | - Little Mahendra
- Department of Periodontics, Dean, Maktoum Bin Hamdan Dental University, Dubai 122002, United Arab Emirates;
| | - Khalid J. Alzahrani
- Department of Clinical Laboratories Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia; (K.J.A.); (H.J.B.); (K.F.A.); (I.F.H.)
| | - Hamsa Jameel Banjer
- Department of Clinical Laboratories Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia; (K.J.A.); (H.J.B.); (K.F.A.); (I.F.H.)
| | - Khalaf F. Alsharif
- Department of Clinical Laboratories Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia; (K.J.A.); (H.J.B.); (K.F.A.); (I.F.H.)
| | - Ibrahim Faisal Halawani
- Department of Clinical Laboratories Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia; (K.J.A.); (H.J.B.); (K.F.A.); (I.F.H.)
| | - Janani Muralidharan
- Department of Periodontics, Meenakshi Ammal Dental College and Hospital, Meenakshi Academy of Greater Education and Research, Chennai 600095, India;
| | | | - Shyam Sankar Verma
- Department of Nephrology, Jubilee Medical College Hospital, Thrissur 680005, India;
| | - Vivek Sharma
- Department of Periodontics, Desh Bhagat Dental College and Hospital, Mandi Gobindgarh 114141, India;
| | - Saranya Varadarajan
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Sri Venkateswara Dental College and Hospital, Chennai 600130, India;
| | - Shilpa Bhandi
- Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, Division of Operative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Shankargouda Patil
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery and Diagnostic Sciences, Division of Oral Pathology, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan 45412, Saudi Arabia
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Balaji TM, Varadarajan S, Jagannathan R, Gupta AA, Raj AT, Patil S, Fageeh HI, Fageeh HN. Melatonin levels in periodontitis vs. the healthy state: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Oral Dis 2022; 28:284-306. [PMID: 33063408 DOI: 10.1111/odi.13679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The aim was to provide a comprehensive qualitative and quantitative assessment of any potential differences in melatonin levels in periodontitis vs. the healthy state. The keyword combination "melatonin" AND "periodontitis" was searched in Web of Science, PubMed, and Scopus. Qualitative analysis and quantitative analysis were performed on articles satisfying the inclusion criteria. Only 14 studies were included in the systematic review, out of which only 10 had quantitative data compatible with a meta-analysis. Ten studies demonstrated low melatonin in periodontitis, three studies demonstrated an initial reduction in melatonin levels followed by elevation with worsening of periodontitis, and one study showed an elevation in melatonin levels in the transition from a healthy state to periodontitis. Grading of recommendations assessment, development, and evaluation revealed that all the included studies had low to very low overall evidence. The meta-analysis revealed a significant reduction (p < .0001) in salivary melatonin levels in chronic periodontitis (3.26 ± 3.44 pg/ml) compared with healthy controls (5.27 ± 5.39 pg/ml), with a mean difference of 2.65 ± 7.84 and a confidence interval of 1.94-3.36. The significantly lower salivary melatonin levels in periodontitis must be inferred with caution given the low quality of the included studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Saranya Varadarajan
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Sri Venkateswara Dental College and Hospital, Chennai, India
| | | | - Archana A Gupta
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Dr. D. Y. Patil Dental College and Hospital, Dr.D.Y.Patil Vidyapeeth, Pune, India
| | - A Thirumal Raj
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Sri Venkateswara Dental College and Hospital, Chennai, India
| | - Shankargouda Patil
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery and Diagnostic Sciences, Division of Oral Pathology, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hammam Ibrahim Fageeh
- Department of Preventive Dental Science, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hytham N Fageeh
- Department of Preventive Dental Science, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
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Rajendran S, Srinivasan S, Mahendra J, Mahendra L, Dewan H, Ahmed ZH, Baeshen HA, Varadarajan S, Bhandi S, Patil S. Root Membrane Concept: Shield the Socket-A Case Report. J Contemp Dent Pract 2022; 23:100-104. [PMID: 35656666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Edentulousness affects the mental health of most patients. Missing teeth in the anterior esthetic zones is a matter of concern, especially for young adults. Various replacement options such as fixed partial dentures, removable partial dentures, and dental implants are available to treat edentulousness. Dental implants have been a booming treatment option in modern-day dentistry as they more closely mimic the natural tooth. The most important criterion for placement of the implant in the esthetic zone is the conservation of alveolar bone, especially in the anterior region which is usually compromised due to tooth extraction or resorption of the ridge. The root membrane concept or the socket shield technique is a recently introduced concept in implant dentistry where a portion of the root acts as a shield to protect against alveolar bone resorption and maintain bone integrity, especially in the esthetic area. This case report describes the clinical management of fractured upper anterior teeth using a dental implant and the root membrane technique. Keywords: Anterior zone, Esthetics, Immediate implants, Implant, Missing teeth, Root membrane technique, Socket shield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sathish Rajendran
- Department of Periodontology, Meenakshi Ammal Dental College and Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sruthi Srinivasan
- Department of Periodontology, Meenakshi Ammal Dental College and Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Jaideep Mahendra
- Department of Periodontology, Meenakshi Ammal Dental College and Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India, e-mail:
| | - Little Mahendra
- Dean of Research, Maktoum Bin Hamdan Dental University, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Harisha Dewan
- Department of Prosthetic Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zeeshan H Ahmed
- Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hosam A Baeshen
- Department of Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saranya Varadarajan
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Sri Venkateswara Dental College and Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Shilpa Bhandi
- Department of Restorative Dental Science, Division of Operative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shankargouda Patil
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery and Diagnostic Science, Division of Oral Pathology, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
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Patil S, Fageeh HN, Mushtaq S, Ajmal M, Chalikkandy SN, Ashi H, Ahmad ZH, Khan SS, Khanagar S, Varadarajan S, Sarode SC, Sarode GS. Prevalence of electronic cigarette usage among medical students in Saudi Arabia – A systematic review. Niger J Clin Pract 2022; 25:765-772. [DOI: 10.4103/njcp.njcp_2006_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Rajendran R, Ramamurthy S, Ulaganathan A, Varghese S, Rathinasamy K, Varadarajan S. Comparative evaluation of 5% Moringa oleifera and 0.2% Chlorhexidine subgingival irrigation as a supplement to non-surgical pocket therapy in Stage I and Stage II Periodontitis: A Clinical study. J Complement Med Res 2022. [DOI: 10.5455/jcmr.2022.13.04.16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Background: Although scaling and root planing (SRP) are the gold standard in nonsurgical periodontal treatment, it does not ensure complete eradication of all putative periodontal pathogens. So, subgingival irrigation is performed in addition to non-surgical debridement for removing periodontal pathogens by both mechanical and chemical action. The goal of the present study was to assess and compare the clinical efficacy of two episodes of subgingival irrigation using 0.2 percent chlorhexidine and 5% moringa oleifera combined with SRP.
Materials and Methods: Totally 15 patients with less than or equal to 4 mm of attachment loss as seen in Stage I and Stage II Periodontitis were recruited. From each patient, 2 periodontal pockets that are not adjacent and have a probing depth of minimum 6 mm were selected. Each patient's two deep periodontal pockets were given irrigation treatments, one with CHX digluconate 0.2 percent (control group) and the other with Moringa oleifera 5 percent (test group) in two episodes. Pre-irrigation (day 0), days 7, and 28 post-irrigation measurements of the plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), probing pocket depth (PD), and clinical attachment level (CAL) were recorded.
Results: Following irrigation, the mean PI and GI scores decreased for both groups, with the moringa group experiencing a statistically significant greater decrease than the chlorhexidine group. The Moringa group had a greater reduction in PD and CAL than the CHX group.
Conclusion: The clinical outcomes of this investigation imply that subgingival irrigation with 5 percent Moringa oleifera may be an effective adjunctive treatment for patients with chronic periodontitis.
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Mahendra J, Palathingal P, Mahendra L, Muralidharan J, Alzahrani KJ, Sayed M, Mugri MH, Almagbol M, Varadarajan S, Balaji TM, Bhandi S, Srinivasan S, Raj AT, Patil S. Isolated Systolic Blood Pressure and Red-Complex Bacteria-A Risk for Generalized Periodontitis and Chronic Kidney Disease. Microorganisms 2021; 10:50. [PMID: 35056499 PMCID: PMC8781149 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10010050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypertension is a risk factor for generalized periodontitis (GP) and chronic kidney diseases (CKD). However, the role of isolated systolic blood pressure as one of the major risks for these inflammatory diseases has not been explored. Very limited studies exist identifying the red-complex bacteria in association with the isolated systolic blood pressure. Hence, the main objective of this study was to assess the isolated systolic blood pressure and the red-complex bacteria along with the demographic variables, periodontal parameters, and renal parameters in patients with generalized periodontitis and chronic kidney disease. One hundred twenty participants (age 30-70 years) were divided into four groups-Group C: control (systemically and periodontally healthy subjects), Group GP: generalized periodontitis, Group CKD: subjects with CKD with good periodontal health, Group CKD + GP: subjects with both generalized periodontitis and CKD. Demographic variables and periodontal parameters were measured and recorded. Blood pressure measurements and a detailed history and renal parameters such as serum creatinine, eGFR, and fasting blood sugar were recorded. The red-complex bacteria (RCB) were assessed in the subgingival plaque samples of all four groups using RT-PCR. Older participants (above 50 years) showed worse periodontal scores in the CKD + GP group along with elevated isolated systolic blood pressure, higher serum creatinine, and fasting blood sugar. eGFR was significantly decreased compared to the other groups. Bacterial counts were higher in the GP + CKD group, suggesting that they may be at a higher risk for generalized periodontitis and chronic kidney disease. Isolated systolic blood pressure (ISBP) and RCB were significantly correlated with the renal and periodontal parameters. A log-linear relationship exists between periodontal disease, CKD, RCB, and isolated systolic hypertension levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaideep Mahendra
- Department of Periodontics, Meenakshi Ammal Dental College and Hospital, Chennai 600 095, Tamil Nadu, India; (J.M.); (S.S.)
| | - Plato Palathingal
- Department of Periodontics, Annoor Dental College, Ernakulam 686673, Kerala, India;
| | - Little Mahendra
- Research Department of Periodontics, Maktoum bin Hamdan Dental University, Dubai 213620, United Arab Emirates;
| | - Janani Muralidharan
- Department of Periodontics, Meenakshi Ammal Dental College and Hospital, Chennai 600 095, Tamil Nadu, India; (J.M.); (S.S.)
| | - Khalid J. Alzahrani
- Department of Clinical Laboratories Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Mohammed Sayed
- Department of Prosthetic Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan 45412, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Maryam H. Mugri
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan 45412, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Mohammad Almagbol
- Department of Community and Periodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, King Khalid University, Abha 62529, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Saranya Varadarajan
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Sri Venkateswara Dental College and Hospital, Chennai 600130, Tamil Nandu, India; (S.V.); (A.T.R.)
| | | | - Shilpa Bhandi
- Department of Restorative Dental Science, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Sruthi Srinivasan
- Department of Periodontics, Meenakshi Ammal Dental College and Hospital, Chennai 600 095, Tamil Nadu, India; (J.M.); (S.S.)
| | - A. Thirumal Raj
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Sri Venkateswara Dental College and Hospital, Chennai 600130, Tamil Nandu, India; (S.V.); (A.T.R.)
| | - Shankargouda Patil
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery and Diagnostic Sciences, Division of Oral Pathology, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan 45412, Saudi Arabia
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Kumar A, Mahendra J, Mahendra L, Abdulkarim HH, Sayed M, Mugri MH, Ahmad ZH, Bhati AK, Faqehi HH, Algregri WO, Varadarajan S, Balaji TM, Baeshen HA, Patil S. Synergistic Effect of Biphasic Calcium Phosphate and Platelet-Rich Fibrin Attenuate Markers for Inflammation and Osteoclast Differentiation by Suppressing NF-κB/ MAPK Signaling Pathway in Chronic Periodontitis. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26216578. [PMID: 34770985 PMCID: PMC8587053 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26216578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Periodontitis is characterized by excessive osteoclastic activity, which is closely associated with inflammation. It is well established that MAPK/NF-kB axis is a key signaling pathway engaged in osteoclast differentiation. It is stated that that biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) and platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) have significant antiostoeclastogenic effects in chronic periodontitis. Objective: We aimed to elucidate the synergetic effect of PRF/BCP involvement of the nuclear factor kappa–light–chain–enhancer of activated B cells (NF-kB) and the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway in osteoclast differentiation in chronic periodontitis. Methods: We induced osteoclast differentiation in vitro using peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) derived from patients with chronic periodontitis. We assessed osteoclast generation by tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) activity, proinflammatory cytokines were investigated by ELISA and NF-κB, and IKB by immunoblot, respectively. MAPK proteins and osteoclast transcription factors were studied by Western blot analysis and osteoclast transcriptional genes were assessed by RT-PCR. Results: The results showed that the potent inhibitory effect of PRF/BCP on osteoclastogenesis was evidenced by decreased TRAP activity and the expression of transcription factors, NFATc1, c-Fos, and the osteoclast marker genes, TRAP, MMP-9, and cathepsin-K were found to be reduced. Further, the protective effect of PRF/BCP on inflammation-mediated osteoclastogenesis in chronic periodontitis was shown by decreased levels of proinflammatory cytokines, NF-kB, IKB, and MAPK proteins. Conclusions: PRF/BCP may promote a synergetic combination that could be used as a strong inhibitor of inflammation-induced osteoclastogenesis in chronic periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anil Kumar
- Department of Periodontology, Meenakshi Ammal Dental College and Hospital, Meenakshi Academy of Higher Education and Research, Chennai 600095, India;
| | - Jaideep Mahendra
- Department of Periodontology, Meenakshi Ammal Dental College and Hospital, Meenakshi Academy of Higher Education and Research, Chennai 600095, India;
- Correspondence: (J.M.); (S.P.)
| | - Little Mahendra
- Maktoum Bin Hamdan Dental University College, Dubai 213620, United Arab Emirates;
| | - Hesham H. Abdulkarim
- Advanced Periodontal and Dental Implant Care, Missouri School of Dentistry and Oral Health, A. T. Still University, St. Louis, MO 63104, USA;
| | - Mohammed Sayed
- Department of Prosthetic Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan 45412, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Maryam H. Mugri
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan 45412, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Zeeshan Heera Ahmad
- Dental College Hospital, King Saud University Medical City, Riyadh 12372, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Ashok Kumar Bhati
- Division of Periodontics Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan 45412, Saudi Arabia;
| | | | | | - Saranya Varadarajan
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Sri Venkateswara Dental College and Hospital, Chennai 600130, India;
| | - Thodur Madapusi Balaji
- Department of Periodontology, Tagore Dental College and Hospital, Chennai 600127, India;
| | - Hosam Ali Baeshen
- Department of Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 22254, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Shankargouda Patil
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery and Diagnostic Sciences, Division of Oral Pathology, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan 45412, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: (J.M.); (S.P.)
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15
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Mahendra J, Rao AN, Mahendra L, Sayed ME, Mugri MH, Balaji TM, Varadarajan S, Jagannathan R, Srinivasan S, Baeshen HA, Mathew R, Patil S. The Expression of Allele Changes in NLRP3 (rs35829419) and IL-1β (+3954) Gene Polymorphisms in Periodontitis and Coronary Artery Disease. Materials (Basel) 2021; 14:ma14175103. [PMID: 34501201 PMCID: PMC8433916 DOI: 10.3390/ma14175103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammasomes have been shown to play a pivotal role in periodontal disease pathogenesis. However, their role in periodontitis subjects with coronary heart disease remains unclear. This study aimed to obtain the expression of NLRP3 (rs35829419) and IL-1β (+3954) gene polymorphisms in the subgingival plaque and blood samples of generalized periodontitis (GP) subjects with and without coronary heart disease (CHD). METHODS A total of 70 subjects were grouped into two; GP and GP with CHD. Demographic variables and periodontal and cardiac parameters were recorded from both the groups. Subgingival plaque and blood samples were obtained from both the groups and were further subjected to the identification of NLRP3 (rs35829419) and IL-1β (+3954) expression and allele change using a conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and gene sequencing (Sanger's method). RESULTS Amongst the demographic variables, age and monthly income were statistically significant between the two groups. Plaque index (PI), clinical attachment level (CAL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), and low density-lipoprotein (LDL) exhibited statistically significant levels between the two groups. The NLRP3 (rs35829419) and IL-1β (+3954) genes showed a statistically significant association with allele change (frequency) among the groups. The general comparison of all the parameters with the allele change of NLRP3 (rs35829419) and IL-1β (+3954) in the subgingival plaque and blood samples showed statistically significant associations among the two groups. CONCLUSION The present study highlighted an allele change in IL-1β (+3954) gene polymorphisms which may play an important role in the pathogenesis of periodontitis and coronary heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaideep Mahendra
- Department of Periodontology, Meenakshi Ammal Dental College and Hospital, Chennai 600095, India; (A.N.R.); (S.S.)
- Correspondence: (J.M.); (S.P.)
| | - Abirami Nayaki Rao
- Department of Periodontology, Meenakshi Ammal Dental College and Hospital, Chennai 600095, India; (A.N.R.); (S.S.)
| | - Little Mahendra
- Department of Periodontology, Maktoum Bin Hamdan Dental University College, Dubai 213620, United Arab Emirates;
| | - Mohammed E. Sayed
- Department of Prosthetic Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Maryam H. Mugri
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Thodur Madapusi Balaji
- Department of Dentistry, Bharathiraja Hospital and Research Institute, Chennai 600017, India;
| | - Saranya Varadarajan
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Sri Venkateswara Dental College and Hospital, Chennai 600130, India;
| | | | - Sruthi Srinivasan
- Department of Periodontology, Meenakshi Ammal Dental College and Hospital, Chennai 600095, India; (A.N.R.); (S.S.)
| | - Hosam Ali Baeshen
- Department of Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Reji Mathew
- College of Dental Medicine, Midwestern University, Downers Grove, IL 60515, USA;
| | - Shankargouda Patil
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery and Diagnostic Sciences, Division of Oral Pathology, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: (J.M.); (S.P.)
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Vinod S, Lee N, Shafiq J, Field M, Fiddler C, Varadarajan S, Gandhidasan S, Hau E. PO-1200 Development and validation of two Australian models to predict 2-year survival in stage I-III NSCLC. Radiother Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(21)07651-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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17
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Mahendra J, Mahendra L, Mugri MH, Sayed ME, Bhandi S, Alshahrani RT, Balaji TM, Varadarajan S, Tanneeru S, P. ANR, Srinivasan S, Reda R, Testarelli L, Patil S. Role of Periodontal Bacteria, Viruses, and Placental mir155 in Chronic Periodontitis and Preeclampsia-A Genetic Microbiological Study. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2021; 43:831-844. [PMID: 34449559 PMCID: PMC8929077 DOI: 10.3390/cimb43020060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies assessed the involvement and impact of periodontal bacteria in preeclamptic women with chronic periodontitis. To explore further, the current study aimed to associate periodontal viruses and bacteria with mir155 levels in placental tissues of preeclamptic women with generalized chronic periodontitis. Four-hundred 45 pregnant women, 18-35 years of age, were selected and divided into four groups (controls, A, B, and C) where the Controls included 145 systemically and periodontally healthy pregnant women Group A-100 systemically healthy pregnant women with chronic periodontitis, Group B- 100 preeclamptic women with chronic periodontitis, Group C- 100 preeclamptic women without chronic periodontitis. Age, BMI, SES, and periodontal parameters such as PI, BOP, PPD, and CAL were noted. Periodontal pathogens such as Tf, Td, Pg, Pi, Fn, HSV, EBV, and HCMV were tested in subgingival plaque, placental tissues, and mir155. We observed that PI, BOP, PPD, CAL, Tf, and EBV were highly significant in Group B. We found a higher number of periodontal bacteria, viruses, and mir 155 in Group B showing a higher risk of preeclampsia. More genetic studies in this field are advised to ascertain the role of periodontopathogens and mir 155 in preeclampsia and periodontal inflammation. What is already known on this subject? Periodontal diseases pose an increased risk of developing preeclampsia and delivering preterm and/or low-birth-weight babies. What do the results of this study add? Periodontal variables such as PI, pocket depth, BOP, and clinical attachment levels, were found to be increased in the preeclamptic women with chronic periodontitis. The significant difference was seen in the relative fold expression of mir155 with higher gene expression of mir155 in groups B and A as compared to group C and controls. What are the implications of these findings for clinical practice and/or further research? In our study, mir155 correlation with the periodontal parameters and periodontal pathogens further strengthen the evidence of periodontal inflammation as a risk of preeclampsia in pregnant women especially when associated with chronic periodontitis. mir155 can be considered to be one of the genetic biomarkers and can be used as a diagnostic tool for the early detection of PE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaideep Mahendra
- Department of Periodontology, Meenakshi Ammal Dental College and Hospital, Chennai 600095, India; (A.N.R.P.); (S.S.)
- Correspondence: (J.M.); (S.P.)
| | - Little Mahendra
- Department of Periodontology, Maktoum Bin Hamdan Dental University College, Dubai 213620, United Arab Emirates;
| | - Maryam H. Mugri
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan 45412, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Mohammed E. Sayed
- Department of Prosthetic Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan 45412, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Shilpa Bhandi
- Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan 45412, Saudi Arabia;
| | | | | | - Saranya Varadarajan
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Sri Venkateswara Dental College and Hospital, Chennai 600130, India;
| | - Swetha Tanneeru
- Department of Periodontics, Narayana Dental College and Hospital, Nellore 534003, Andhra Pradesh, India;
| | - Abirami Nayaki Rao P.
- Department of Periodontology, Meenakshi Ammal Dental College and Hospital, Chennai 600095, India; (A.N.R.P.); (S.S.)
| | - Sruthi Srinivasan
- Department of Periodontology, Meenakshi Ammal Dental College and Hospital, Chennai 600095, India; (A.N.R.P.); (S.S.)
| | - Rodolfo Reda
- Department of Oral and Maxillo Facial Sciences, University of Rome La Sapienza, 00161 Rome, Italy; (R.R.); (L.T.)
| | - Luca Testarelli
- Department of Oral and Maxillo Facial Sciences, University of Rome La Sapienza, 00161 Rome, Italy; (R.R.); (L.T.)
| | - Shankargouda Patil
- Division of Oral Pathology, Department of Maxillofacial Surgery and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan 45412, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: (J.M.); (S.P.)
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Patil S, Alkahtani A, Bhandi S, Mashyakhy M, Alvarez M, Alroomy R, Hendi A, Varadarajan S, Reda R, Raj AT, Testarelli L. Ultrasound Imaging versus Radiographs in Differentiating Periapical Lesions: A Systematic Review. Diagnostics (Basel) 2021; 11:1208. [PMID: 34359291 PMCID: PMC8303698 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11071208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ultrasonography is a non-invasive method of diagnosing periapical lesions while radiologic methods are more common. Periapical lesions due to endodontic infection are one of the most common causes of periapical radiolucency that need to be distinguished to help determine the course of treatment. This review aimed to examine the accuracy of ultrasound and compare it to radiographs in distinguishing these lesions in vivo. METHODS This review process followed the PRISMA guidelines. A literature search of databases (PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and Web of Science) was conducted without any restrictions on time. Articles available in English were included. The selection was done according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The QUADAS-2 tool was used to assess the quality of the studies. RESULTS The search provided a total of 87 articles, out of which, five were selected for the final review. In all the studies, ultrasound had higher accuracy in distinguishing periapical lesions. All the studies indicated a risk of bias, especially in patient selection. CONCLUSION Within limitations, the study indicates that ultrasound is a better diagnostic tool to distinguish periapical lesions compared to radiographs but further studies with well-designed, rigorous protocols and low risk of bias are needed to provide stronger evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shankargouda Patil
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery and Diagnostic Sciences, Division of Oral Pathology, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Ahmed Alkahtani
- Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Shilpa Bhandi
- Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia; (S.B.); (M.M.)
| | - Mohammed Mashyakhy
- Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia; (S.B.); (M.M.)
| | - Mario Alvarez
- Division of Endodontics and Orthodontics, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90007, USA;
| | - Riyadh Alroomy
- Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Majmaah University, AlMajmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Ali Hendi
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Saranya Varadarajan
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Sri Venkateswara Dental College and Hospital, Chennai 600130, India; (S.V.); (A.T.R.)
| | - Rodolfo Reda
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Sciences, Sapienza University, University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy;
| | - A. Thirumal Raj
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Sri Venkateswara Dental College and Hospital, Chennai 600130, India; (S.V.); (A.T.R.)
| | - Luca Testarelli
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Sciences, Sapienza University, University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy;
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Jabali AH, Chourasia HR, Wasli AS, Alkhayrat AM, Mahnashi HM, Kamly MJ, Varadarajan S, Patil S. Taurodontism in maxillary and mandibular molars using cone beam computed tomography in a dental center in Saudi Arabia. Ann Saudi Med 2021; 41:232-237. [PMID: 34420397 PMCID: PMC8380279 DOI: 10.5144/0256-4947.2021.232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Taurodontism is a dental anomaly characterized by altered crown root ratio that is often diagnosed by radiographic evaluation. A three-dimensional cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) can aid in the diagnosis and treatment of taurodontic teeth. Only one study has reported the prevalence of taurodontism in a Saudi population. OBJECTIVE Determine prevalence and other characteristics of taurodontism in permanent maxillary and mandibular molars, by CBCT in a dental center in Saudi Arabia. DESIGN Cross-sectional. SETTING College of dentistry. SUBJECTS AND METHODS The first and second molars, maxillary and mandibular, from study participants of Saudi origin from Jazan region of Saudi Arabia were evaluated for taurodontism based on the criteria of Shifman and Chanannel. The degree of taurodontism was determined by the taurodontism index. Results were tabulated for analysis and the chi-square test was applied for the differences between age groups, genders, and maxillary and mandibular teeth. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Characteristics of taurodontism. SAMPLE SIZE 1839 teeth in 300 individuals. RESULTS Taurodontism was seen in 24 (8%) of the study participants and in 71 teeth (3.9%). Taurodontism was significantly more prevalent in individuals between 21 and 40 years of age. Hypotaurodontism (67.6%, n=48) was most prevalent, followed by mesotaurodontism (23.9%, n=17) and hypertaurodontism (8.5%, n=6). The maxillary molars were more commonly involved than mandibular, but the results were not statistically significant. No significant differences in gender were observed. CONCLUSIONS Dental clinicians should be familiar with the condition due to the clinical implications in oral surgery, endodontics and prosthodontics. The possibilities of a complex root canal system, an additional canal, difficulties in canal negotiation, instrumentation and subsequent obturation can be challenging for the clinician. LIMITATIONS Conducted in a single dental center hence future studies with larger sample sizes in different regions of Saudi Arabia should be conducted to more accurately measure the prevalence. CONFLICTS OF INTEREST None.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Hassan Jabali
- From the Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hemant Ramesh Chourasia
- From the Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah Saeed Wasli
- From the Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali Mohammed Alkhayrat
- From the Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hassan Mohammed Mahnashi
- From the Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Jebril Kamly
- From the Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saranya Varadarajan
- From the Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Sri Venkateswara Dental College and Hospital, Thalambur, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Shankargouda Patil
- From the Department of Maxillofacial Surgery and Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan Saudi Arabia
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20
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Bhandi S, Alkahtani A, Mashyakhy M, Abumelha AS, Albar NHM, Renugalakshmi A, Alkahtany MF, Robaian A, Almeslet AS, Patil VR, Varadarajan S, Balaji TM, Reda R, Testarelli L, Patil S. Effect of Ascorbic Acid on Differentiation, Secretome and Stemness of Stem Cells from Human Exfoliated Deciduous Tooth (SHEDs). J Pers Med 2021; 11:jpm11070589. [PMID: 34206203 PMCID: PMC8304986 DOI: 10.3390/jpm11070589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHEDs) are considered a type of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) because of their unique origin from the neural crest. SHEDs can self-renewal and multi-lineage differentiation with the ability to differentiate into odontoblasts, osteoblast, chondrocytes, neuronal cells, hepatocytes, adipocytes, etc. They are emerging as an ideal source of MSCs because of their easy availability and extraordinary cell number. Ascorbic acid, or vitamin C, has many cell-based applications, such as bone regeneration, osteoblastic differentiation, or extracellular matrix production. It also impacts stem cell plasticity and the ability to sustain pluripotent activity. In this study, we evaluate the effects of ascorbic acid on stemness, paracrine secretion, and differentiation into osteoblast, chondrocytes, and adipocytes. SHEDs displayed enhanced multifaceted activity, which may have applications in regenerative therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilpa Bhandi
- Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan 45412, Saudi Arabia; (S.B.); (M.M.); (N.H.M.A.)
| | - Ahmed Alkahtani
- Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, Division of Endodontics, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.); (M.F.A.)
| | - Mohammed Mashyakhy
- Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan 45412, Saudi Arabia; (S.B.); (M.M.); (N.H.M.A.)
| | - Abdulaziz S. Abumelha
- Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Nassreen Hassan Mohammad Albar
- Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan 45412, Saudi Arabia; (S.B.); (M.M.); (N.H.M.A.)
| | - Apathsakayan Renugalakshmi
- Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, Pedodontics Division, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan 45412, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Mazen F. Alkahtany
- Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, Division of Endodontics, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.); (M.F.A.)
| | - Ali Robaian
- Department of Conservative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj 11942, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Asma Saleh Almeslet
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Diagnostic Sciences, Riyadh Elm University, Riyadh 12611, Saudi Arabia;
| | | | - Saranya Varadarajan
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Sri Venkateswara Dental College and Hospital, Chennai 600130, India;
| | - Thodur Madapusi Balaji
- Department of Periodontology, Tagore Dental College and Hospital, Chennai 600127, India;
| | - Rodolfo Reda
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (R.R.); (L.T.)
| | - Luca Testarelli
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (R.R.); (L.T.)
| | - Shankargouda Patil
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery and Diagnostic Sciences, Division of Oral Pathology, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan 45412, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence:
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Jagannathan R, Balaji TM, Varadarajan S, Bhuvaneswari B, Venkatakrishnan CJ, Lakshmi Priya S, Rajendran S, Sayed ME, Mugri MH, Patil S. Linking periodontitis and adverse pregnancy outcomes through CD14+ CD16+ monocytes. Med Hypotheses 2021; 153:110637. [PMID: 34186439 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2021.110637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
One of the prevalent medical issues that deserve global attention is adverse pregnancy outcomes and preterm low birth weight deliveries which have a significant impact on neonatal health. Periodontitis has been implicated as a significant risk factor for adverse effects in pregnancy. Elevated levels of periodontal pathogenic bacteria and proinflammatory cytokines which are pathognomonic features of periodontitis are believed to cause placental infection and premature rupture of the amniotic membrane consequently leading to preterm delivery. The role of CD14+CD16+ monocytes as a causal link between periodontitis and adverse pregnancy outcomes has not been researched so far, although an elevation of these cells has been independently demonstrated in both conditions. With the available background information, this hypothesis attempts to derive a mechanistic link between periodontitis and adverse pregnancy outcomes through the participation of CD14+CD16+ monocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Saranya Varadarajan
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Sri Venkateswara Dental College and Hospital, Chennai, India
| | - B Bhuvaneswari
- Department of Periodontology, Tagore Dental College and Hospital, Chennai, India
| | - C J Venkatakrishnan
- Department of Prosthodontics, Tagore Dental College and Hospital, Chennai, India
| | - S Lakshmi Priya
- Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Tagore Dental College and Hospital, Chennai, India
| | - Swaminathan Rajendran
- Department of Periodontology, Sri Venkateshwara Dental College and Hospital, Chennai, India
| | - Mohammed E Sayed
- Department of Prosthetic Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maryam H Mugri
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shankargouda Patil
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery and Diagnostic Sciences, Division of Oral Pathology, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Saudi Arabia.
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Gupta AA, Kheur S, Varadarajan S, Parveen S, Dewan H, Alhazmi YA, Raj AT, Testarelli L, Patil S. Reply to the letter regarding "Chronic mechanical irritation and oral squamous cell carcinoma: A systematic review and meta-analysis". Bosn J Basic Med Sci 2021; 21:787. [PMID: 33974525 PMCID: PMC8554701 DOI: 10.17305/bjbms.2021.6006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Archana A Gupta
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Dr. D. Y. Patil Dental College and Hospital, Dr. D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pune, India
| | - Supriya Kheur
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Dr. D. Y. Patil Dental College and Hospital, Dr. D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pune, India
| | - Saranya Varadarajan
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Sri Venkateswara Dental College and Hospital, Chennai, India
| | - Sameena Parveen
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Harisha Dewan
- Department of Prosthetic Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yaser Ali Alhazmi
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery and Diagnostic Sciences, Division of Oral Pathology, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - A Thirumal Raj
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Sri Venkateswara Dental College and Hospital, Chennai, India
| | - Luca Testarelli
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Sciences, Sapienza University, University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Shankargouda Patil
- 5Department of Maxillofacial Surgery and Diagnostic Sciences, Division of Oral Pathology, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
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Balaji TM, Varadarajan S, Jagannathan R, Mahendra J, Fageeh HI, Fageeh HN, Mushtaq S, Baeshen HA, Bhandi S, Gupta AA, Raj AT, Reda R, Patil S, Testarelli L. Melatonin as a Topical/Systemic Formulation for the Management of Periodontitis: A Systematic Review. Materials (Basel) 2021; 14:ma14092417. [PMID: 34066498 PMCID: PMC8124881 DOI: 10.3390/ma14092417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Objectives: To qualitatively and quantitatively review the use of melatonin as a topical/systemic formulation for the management of periodontitis. Materials and methods: PubMed; Scopus; and Web of Science databases were searched using the MesH terms “melatonin” and “periodontitis”. Title and abstracts were screened to eliminate irrelevant and duplicate articles. The full text data of the screened articles were assessed using the selection criteria. Results: Of 176 identified articles (PubMed-66; Scopus-56; Web of Science-52; Cross-reference-2), only 12 studies qualified to be included in the systematic review. Four studies assessed the independent effect of 1% topical melatonin formulation while 8 articles assessed the adjunctive use of systemic melatonin formulation (1–10 mg) following scaling and root planing (SRP). All studies showed an improvement in periodontal parameters such as pocket depth, clinical attachment loss, periodontal disease index, community periodontal index, gingival bleeding scores, and prognostic marker levels in saliva and serum. A meta-analysis of data from 2 studies revealed that 1–2 mg (systemic) melatonin supplementation reduced pocket depth; although the difference was not statistically significant and hence cannot be interpreted or used for conclusive evidence. Risk of Bias Assessment tool (RoBANS) and Cochrane Collaboration RoB tool elicited a high risk of bias in the included studies. GRADE (recommendation assessment, development, and evaluation) inferred a weak recommendation for the use of melatonin in periodontitis management. Conclusions: Melatonin supplementation (topical and systemic) in periodontitis patients improved key periodontal parameters including pocket depth and clinical attachment loss. Clinical relevance: Melatonin could be a potential host modulatory agent for periodontitis management; although the data from the present review should be interpreted carefully due to the associated high risk of bias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thodur Madapusi Balaji
- Department of Dentistry, Bharathiraja Hospital and Research Institute, Chennai 600017, India;
| | - Saranya Varadarajan
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Sri Venkateswara Dental College and Hospital, Chennai 600130, India; (S.V.); (A.T.R.)
| | | | - Jaideep Mahendra
- Department of Periodontology, Meenakshi Ammal Dental College, Meenakshi Academy of Higher Education and Research, Chennai 600095, India;
| | - Hammam Ibrahim Fageeh
- Department of Preventive Dental Science, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan 45412, Saudi Arabia; (H.I.F.); (H.N.F.)
| | - Hytham N. Fageeh
- Department of Preventive Dental Science, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan 45412, Saudi Arabia; (H.I.F.); (H.N.F.)
| | - Shazia Mushtaq
- Dental Health Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11362, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Hosam Ali Baeshen
- Department of Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Shilpa Bhandi
- Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, Division of Operative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan 45412, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Archana A. Gupta
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Dr. D. Y. Patil Dental College and Hospital Dr. D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pune 411018, India;
| | - A. Thirumal Raj
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Sri Venkateswara Dental College and Hospital, Chennai 600130, India; (S.V.); (A.T.R.)
| | - Rodolfo Reda
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (R.R.); (L.T.)
| | - Shankaragouda Patil
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery and Diagnostic Sciences, Division of Oral Pathology, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan 45412, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence:
| | - Luca Testarelli
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (R.R.); (L.T.)
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Patil S, Ashi H, Hosmani J, Almalki AY, Alhazmi YA, Mushtaq S, Parveen S, Baeshen HA, Varadarajan S, Raj AT, Patil VR, Vyas N. Tinospora cordifolia (Thunb.) Miers (Giloy) inhibits oral cancer cells in a dose-dependent manner by inducing apoptosis and attenuating epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Saudi J Biol Sci 2021; 28:4553-4559. [PMID: 34354441 PMCID: PMC8324948 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.04.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Tinospora cordifolia (Thunb.) Miers (Giloy) has been applied successfully as an anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, and even as an anti-cancer agent. Yet, to date, the application of Giloy has not been explored concerning oral cancer. Objectives To assess the effect of T cordifolia (Thunb.) Miers (Giloy) extract (TcE) on an oral cancer cell line. Methods AW13516 (oral cancer cell line) cells were treated with the prepared aqueous extract of TcE for 24 h at various concentrations ranging between 5 μg/ml and 100 μg/ml and compared with control (cells without treatment). Thee effect of the extracts on apoptosis was assessed by through Annexin V flow cytometry assay and Luminometry based assessment of Caspase 8, 9 and caspase 3/7 activity. RNA was isolated from treated cells and gene expression of selected metastatic genes (MMP1, MMP10, and CXCL8); epithelial-mesenchymal stem cell genes (TWIST1, SNAIL, ZEB1, Oct4) and stemness related genses (Nanog, Sox2) were analyzed by using a quantitative real-time PCR system. The experiments were performed in triplicates. Results Aqueous extract of TcE was found to induce apoptosis inducer in AW13516 cells in a concentration-dependent manner and was potent even at a low concentration of 5 μg/ml. The apoptosis induction was confirmed with the caspase activity assay. Treatment of the cells with the extract for 24 h exhibited a significant decrease in the expression of EMT genes in a dose-dependent manner without an effect on the metastatic genes. Conclusion Aqueous extract of TcE induces apoptosis-mediated cell death in the oral cancer cell line AW13516 while attenuating its potential for epithelial mesenchymal transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shankargouda Patil
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery and Diagnostic Sciences, Division of Oral Pathology, College of Dentistry Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Heba Ashi
- Department of Dental Public Health, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jagadish Hosmani
- Oral Pathology Section, Department of Diagnostic Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Yaser Ali Alhazmi
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery and Diagnostic Sciences, Division of Oral Pathology, College of Dentistry Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shazia Mushtaq
- College of Applied Medical Sciences, Dental Health Department, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sameena Parveen
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hosam Ali Baeshen
- Department of Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saranya Varadarajan
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Sri Venkateswara Dental College and Hospital, Chennai, India
| | - A Thirumal Raj
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Sri Venkateswara Dental College and Hospital, Chennai, India
| | | | - Nishant Vyas
- Logical Life Science Private Limited, Pune, India
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Gupta AA, Kheur S, Varadarajan S, Parveen S, Dewan H, Alhazmi YA, Raj TA, Testarelli L, Patil S. Chronic mechanical irritation and oral squamous cell carcinoma: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Bosn J Basic Med Sci 2021; 21:647-658. [PMID: 33823123 PMCID: PMC8554704 DOI: 10.17305/bjbms.2021.5577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of the present article was to qualitatively and quantitatively review the association between chronic mechanical irritation and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). PubMed, SCOPUS, and Web of Science databases were searched using the keyword combinations “chronic trauma and oral squamous cell carcinoma; chronic irritation and oral squamous cell carcinoma; chronic irritation and oral cancer; and chronic trauma and oral cancer.” Duplicates and irrelevant articles were excluded after the title and abstract screening. The full texts of the remaining articles were assessed using selection criteria. A total of 375 (PubMed-126; SCOPUS-152; WOS-97) articles were screened, and 343 duplicates and irrelevant articles were excluded from the study. Only 9 of the remaining 32 articles met the selection criteria and were included in the qualitative analysis. Buccal mucosa and tongue, being highly prone to chronic irritation through the dental prosthesis, were the common sites for OSCC. Edentulous subjects with ill-fitting dentures were at a high risk of developing chronic irritation associated-OSCC. According to the Joanna Briggs Institute of risk assessment, eight of the nine included studies had a low risk of bias. The quantitative analysis showed a significant association (p < 0.00001) between the chronic oral mucosal irritation and OSCC with an overall risk ratio of 2.56 at a confidence interval of 1.96-3.35. Chronic oral mucosa irritation has a significant association with OSCC, and the nature of association could be that of a potential co-factor (dependent risk factor) rather than an independent risk factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Archana A Gupta
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Dr. D. Y. Patil Dental College and Hospital, Dr. D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pune, India
| | - Supriya Kheur
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Dr. D. Y. Patil Dental College and Hospital, Dr. D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pune, India
| | - Saranya Varadarajan
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Sri Venkateswara Dental College and Hospital, Chennai, India
| | - Sameena Parveen
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Harisha Dewan
- Department of Prosthetic Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yaser Ali Alhazmi
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery and Diagnostic Sciences, Division of Oral Pathology, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Thirumal A Raj
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Sri Venkateswara Dental College and Hospital, Chennai, India
| | - Luca Testarelli
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Sciences, Sapienza University, University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Shankargouda Patil
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery and Diagnostic Sciences, Division of Oral Pathology, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
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Varadarajan S, Balaji TM, Raj AT, Gupta AA, Patil S, Alhazmi TH, Alaqi HAA, Al Omar NEM, Almutaher SABA, Jafer AA, Hedad IA. Genetic Mutations Associated with Pierre Robin Syndrome/Sequence: A Systematic Review. Mol Syndromol 2021; 12:69-86. [PMID: 34012376 DOI: 10.1159/000513217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Pierre Robin syndrome/sequence (PRS) is associated with a triad of symptoms that includes micrognathia, cleft palate, and glossoptosis that may lead to respiratory obstruction. The syndrome occurs in 2 forms: nonsyndromic PRS (nsPRS), and PRS associated with other syndromes (sPRS). Studies have shown varying genetic mutations associated with both nsPRS and sPRS. The present systematic review aims to provide a comprehensive collection of published literature reporting genetic mutations in PRS. Web of Science, PubMed, and Scopus were searched using the keywords: "Pierre Robin syndrome/sequence AND gene mutation." The search resulted in 208 articles, of which 93 were excluded as they were duplicates/irrelevant. The full-text assessment led to the further exclusion of 76 articles. From the remaining 39 articles included in the review, details of 324 cases were extracted. 56% of the cases were sPRS, and 22% of the cases were associated with other malformations and the remaining were nsPRS. Genetic mutations were noted in 30.9% of the 300 cases. Based on the review, SOX9 was found to be the most common gene associated with both nsPRS and sPRS. The gene mutation in sPRS was specific to the associated syndrome. Due to the lack of original studies, a quantitative analysis was not possible. Thus, future studies must focus on conducting large-scale cohort studies. Along with generating data on genetic mutation, future studies must also conduct pedigree analysis to assess potential familial inheritance, which in turn could provide valuable insights into the etiopathogenesis of PRS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saranya Varadarajan
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Sri Venkateswara Dental College and Hospital, Chennai, India
| | | | - A Thirumal Raj
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Sri Venkateswara Dental College and Hospital, Chennai, India
| | - Archana A Gupta
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Dr. D. Y. Patil Dental College and Hospital, Dr. D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pune, India
| | - Shankargouda Patil
- Division of Oral Pathology, Department of Maxillofacial Surgery and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tariq Hassan Alhazmi
- Community Dental Unit, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Neda Essa M Al Omar
- Community Dental Unit, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | - Ismaeel Abker Hedad
- Community Dental Unit, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
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Gopalakrishnan U, Felicita AS, Mahendra L, Kanji MA, Varadarajan S, Raj AT, Feroz SMA, Mehta D, Baeshen HA, Patil S. Assessing the Potential Association Between Microbes and Corrosion of Intra-Oral Metallic Alloy-Based Dental Appliances Through a Systematic Review of the Literature. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:631103. [PMID: 33791285 PMCID: PMC8005604 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.631103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Systematic review assessing the association between oral microorganisms and corrosion of intra-oral metallic alloy-based dental appliances. Design: PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science were searched using keyword combinations such as microbes and oral and corrosion; microbes and dental and corrosion; microorganisms and oral and corrosion; microorganisms and dental and corrosion. Results: Out of 141 articles, only 25 satisfied the selection criteria. Lactobacillus reuteri, Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus sanguis, Streptococcus mitis, Streptococcus sobrinus, Streptococcus salivarius, sulfate-reducing bacteria, sulfate oxidizing bacteria, Veilonella, Actinomyces, Candida albicans were found to have a potential association with corrosion of intraoral metallic alloys such as stainless steel, titanium, nickel, cobalt-chromium, neodymium-iron-boron magnets, zirconia, amalgam, copper aluminum, and precious metal alloys. Conclusion: The included studies inferred an association between oral microorganisms and intra-oral metallic alloys-based dental appliances, although, it is vital to acknowledge that most studies in the review employed an in-vitro simulation of the intra-oral condition.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - A Sumathi Felicita
- Department of Orthodontics, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, India
| | - Lodd Mahendra
- Department of Orthodontics, Sri Venkateswara Dental College and Hospital, Chennai, India
| | - Masroor Ahmed Kanji
- Department of Prosthodontics, College of Applied Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saranya Varadarajan
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Sri Venkateswara Dental College and Hospital, Chennai, India
| | - A Thirumal Raj
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Sri Venkateswara Dental College and Hospital, Chennai, India
| | | | - Deepak Mehta
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, College of Dental Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Hosam Ali Baeshen
- Department of Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shankargouda Patil
- Division of Oral Pathology, Department of Maxillofacial Surgery and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
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Balaji TM, Varadarajan S, Sujatha G, Muruganandhan J, Shanmugapriya R, Raj AT, Patil S, Fageeh HI, Fageeh HN, Malik NH, Awan KH. Necrotizing periodontal diseases in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy: A review. Dis Mon 2021; 67:101168. [PMID: 33640175 DOI: 10.1016/j.disamonth.2021.101168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients have depleted CD4 lymphocyte counts and are susceptible to a plethora of infections of bacterial, viral, and fungal etiology. In addition to a wide range of systemic manifestations, human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients also display several characteristic oral manifestations. Studies have shown a correlation between some of the oral manifestations and CD4 lymphocyte counts which in turn is an independent prognostic indicator. To tackle the human immunodeficiency virus numerous drugs have been discovered and implemented. To overcome any potential resistance, human immunodeficiency virus patients are prescribed highly active antiretroviral therapy, wherein a combination of antiretroviral regimens are used. Studies have shown that in addition to controlling the viral activity, the treatment regimen, has a significant effect on the oral manifestations of the human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients. The present paper highlights the effects of highly active antiretroviral therapy on periodontal diseases in human immunodeficiency virus-infected individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Saranya Varadarajan
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Sri Venkateswara Dental College and Hospital, Chennai, India
| | - Govindarajan Sujatha
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Sri Venkateswara Dental College and Hospital, Chennai, India
| | - Jayanandan Muruganandhan
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Sri Venkateswara Dental College and Hospital, Chennai, India
| | | | - A Thirumal Raj
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Sri Venkateswara Dental College and Hospital, Chennai, India
| | - Shankargouda Patil
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery and Diagnostic Sciences, Division of Oral Pathology, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Hammam Ibrahim Fageeh
- Department of Preventive Dental Science, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hytham N Fageeh
- Department of Preventive Dental Science, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nida H Malik
- Womens Medical and Dental College, Abbottabad, Pakistan
| | - Kamran Habib Awan
- College of Dental Medicine, Roseman University of Health Sciences, Utah, United States.
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Varadarajan S, Balaji TM, Kumar S N, Indu Bharkavi SK, Thangavel G, Raj AT, Patil S, Al-Iryani GM, Ali FM, Awan KH. Reviewing the oral pigmented lesions of human immunodeficiency virus with emphasis on the effect of highly active antiretroviral therapy. Dis Mon 2021; 67:101167. [PMID: 33640179 DOI: 10.1016/j.disamonth.2021.101167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome a disease with high mortality rates is caused by the well-known human immunodeficiency virus. The disease is characterized by several opportunistic infections owing to the decreased CD4 lymphocyte counts. Oral manifestations of human immunodeficiency virus are vital as they are one of the early manifestations of the disease. Also, they serve as prognostic markers as they correlate with the CD4 lymphocyte counts of the affected individuals. Human immunodeficiency virus is not only common in the adult population but also can affect pediatric patients through vertical transmission. The initial therapeutic strategy for the management of the virus was only the prevention of opportunistic infections. Later in the mid-1990s, antiretroviral therapy was introduced but there was no significant improvement in prognosis. After the advent of combination therapy or the use of three antiretroviral drugs also known as highly active antiretroviral therapy, there has been a marked reduction in human immunodeficiency virus-associated mortality rates. The highly active antiretroviral therapy has several effects on the oral manifestations of the human immunodeficiency virus. The present paper aims to review the oral pigmented lesions associated with human immunodeficiency virus with an emphasis on the effect of highly active antiretroviral therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saranya Varadarajan
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Sri Venkateswara Dental College and Hospital, Chennai, India
| | | | - Nalin Kumar S
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Sri Venkateswara Dental College and Hospital, Chennai, India
| | - S K Indu Bharkavi
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Sri Venkateswara Dental College and Hospital, Chennai, India
| | - Gopalakrishnan Thangavel
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Sri Venkateswara Dental College and Hospital, Chennai, India
| | - A Thirumal Raj
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Sri Venkateswara Dental College and Hospital, Chennai, India
| | - Shankargouda Patil
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery and Diagnostic Sciences, Division of Oral Pathology, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Ghassan M Al-Iryani
- Faculty of Dentistry, Sana'a University, Yemen. Prince Mohammed Bin Nasser Hospital, Ministry of Health, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fareedi Mukram Ali
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kamran Habib Awan
- College of Dental Medicine, Roseman University of Health Sciences, South Jordan, UT, United States.
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30
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Jagannathan R, Balaji T, Rajendran S, Prabhu V, Varadarajan S, Ajitkumar S. Chronic Periodontal Disease and COVID – 19 Complications: Mechanistic Links Through Increase of CD14+ CD16+ Monocytes Blood Count. Dent Hypotheses 2021. [DOI: 10.4103/denthyp.denthyp_114_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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31
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Balaji T, Jagannathan R, Murukesan S, Rajendran S, Sridhar L, Varadarajan S, Rajendiran D. Topical Oral Melatonin Application Could Potentially Reduce the Risk of Orthodontic Appliance-Induced Periodontal Deterioration. Dent Hypotheses 2021. [DOI: 10.4103/denthyp.denthyp_125_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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32
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Madapusi Balaji T, Varadarajan S, Jagannathan R, Raj AT, Sridhar LP, Patil S. Hypothesizing the potential role of melatonin in inhibiting epithelial to mesenchymal transition in oral squamous cell carcinoma. Med Hypotheses 2020; 145:110346. [PMID: 33096354 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2020.110346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thodur Madapusi Balaji
- Department of Dentistry, Bharathirajaa Hospital, and Research Institute, Chennai, India.
| | - Saranya Varadarajan
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Sri Venkateswara Dental College and Hospital, Chennai, India
| | | | - A Thirumal Raj
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Sri Venkateswara Dental College and Hospital, Chennai, India
| | - Lakshmi Priya Sridhar
- Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry,Tagore Dental College and Hospital, Chennai, India
| | - Shankaragouda Patil
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery and Diagnostic Sciences, Division of Oral Pathology, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
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33
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Jagannathan R, Rajendran S, Balaji TM, Varadarajan S, Sridhar LP. Comparative Evaluation of Gingival Depigmentation by Scalpel, Electrosurgery, and Laser: A 14 Months' Follow-up Study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2020; 21:1159-1164. [PMID: 33686040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
AIM AND OBJECTIVE The aim of the study was to compare three different techniques using scalpel, electrosurgery, and laser for gingival depigmentation in terms of pain, discomfort, duration of procedure, wound healing, and repigmentation. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty patients in the age range of 24-38 years were briefed about the surgical procedure and an informed consent was obtained and they were randomly allocated into three groups of 10 individuals (5 males and 5 females) each: those undergoing depigmentation with scalpel (group I), electrosurgery (group II), and diode lasers (Biolase) (group III). Individuals of all three groups were asked to describe the level of pain and discomfort by using the visual analog scale (VAS) 2 hours, 24 hours, and 1 week postoperatively. Further, the groups were compared based on duration of procedure, wound healing, and repigmentation at the end of 14 months. RESULTS All the groups showed a decrease in the pain levels, which was statistically highly significant 1 week postoperatively when compared 24 hours postoperatively. There was a statistically significant difference in the pain levels between the scalpel, electrosurgery, and lasers groups after 24 hours (p < 0.001), with the lasers group demonstrating significantly less pain and discomfort. There was significant difference between the groups with respect to the duration of procedure, with less mean time for completion of the procedure observed for group III. Furthermore, less time for wound healing was observed in group III as compared to other groups. Total 8 out 10 patients in group I, 7 out of 10 patients in group II, and 2 out of 10 patients in group III showed repigmentation at the end of 14 months. CONCLUSION The rising concern for esthetic demand of an individual requires the removal of hyperpigmented gingival areas to create a confident and pleasing smile, which could be easily attained by using laser. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Laser is an effective and fast tool that causes less pain, discomfort, faster healing, and delayed repigmentation compared with scalpel or electrosurgery for gingival depigmentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raghunathan Jagannathan
- Department of Periodontics, Tagore Dental College and Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India, Phone: +91 9884957327, e-mail:
| | | | - Thodur Madapusi Balaji
- Department of Dentistry, Bharathirajaa Hospital and Research Centre, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Saranya Varadarajan
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Sri Venkateswara Dental College and Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Lakshmi Priya Sridhar
- Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Tagore Dental College and Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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Varadarajan S, Narasimhan M, Balaji TM, Chamundeeswari DP, Sakthisekaran D. In Vitro Anticancer Effects of Cinnamomum verum J. Presl, Cinnamaldehyde, 4 Hydroxycinnamic Acid and Eugenol on an Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Cell Line. J Contemp Dent Pract 2020; 21:1027-1033. [PMID: 33568591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
AIM AND OBJECTIVE The present study was conducted to assess the in vitro anticancer effects of Cinnamomum verum J. Presl extract and its active constituents, such as cinnamaldehyde, 4 hydroxycinnamic acid, and eugenol on oral squamous cell carcinoma cell line. MATERIALS AND METHODS Aqueous, ethanolic, and hydroalcoholic extracts of C. verum J. Presl (bark) were prepared using standardized protocols. Cinnamaldehyde, 4 hydroxycinnamic acid, and eugenol were quantified in the extracts. Total saponins, tannins, and polyphenols were quantified in the selected extracts. A commercially available SCC-25 cell line was cultured according to standard protocol. The anticancer effects of the extract, active compounds, and standard cisplatin were assessed by MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) cytotoxicity, acridine orange/ethidium bromide staining, DNA, fragmentation assay, cell cycle analysis by flow cytometry, and JC-1 staining (5,5',6,6'-tetrachloro1,1',3,3'tetraethylbenzimidazolylcarbocyanine iodide). RESULTS The hydroalcoholic extracts demonstrated a higher quantity of the active ingredients cinnamaldehyde, 4 hydroxycinnamic acid, and eugenol. The selected extract and active compounds demonstrated anticancer effects via apoptosis induction and S-phase arrest. Apoptosis induction was exerted by the extract via alteration in mitochondrial membrane potential. CONCLUSION Cinnamomum verum J. Presl and its active compounds exhibited in vitro anticancer effects on oral squamous cell carcinoma. Further studies in animal models have to be carried out to assess toxicity and in vivo effects. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE The anticancer properties of Cinnamomum verum J. Presl could be explored further for prevention and management of oral squamous cell carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saranya Varadarajan
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Sri Venkateswara Dental College and Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India, Phone: +91-9884748487, e-mail:
| | - Malathi Narasimhan
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Dental Sciences, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Thodur M Balaji
- Department of Dentistry, Bharathirajaa Hospital and Research Institute, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Durai Pandian Chamundeeswari
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, IQAC Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Dhanapal Sakthisekaran
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, University of Madras, Taramani Campus, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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35
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Varadarajan S, Balaji TM, Sarode SC, Sarode GS, Sharma NK, Gondivkar S, Gadbail A, Patil S. EMMPRIN/BASIGIN as a biological modulator of oral cancer and COVID-19 interaction: Novel propositions. Med Hypotheses 2020; 143:110089. [PMID: 32673940 PMCID: PMC7346812 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2020.110089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular matrix metalloproteinase inducer (EMMPRIN), which is also called BASIGIN/CD147, is a cell surface glycoprotein that belongs to the immunoglobulin superfamily and plays a significant role in intercellular recognition in immunology, cellular differentiation and development. Apart from ACE-2, recently EMMPRIN, has been regarded as a target for the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) attachment and entry into the host cell. Since one of the routes of entry for the virus is the oral cavity, it becomes imperative to percept oral comorbidities such oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs) in terms of EMMPRIN as a target for SARS-CoV-2. In the present paper, it is proposed that OSCC, by the virtue of upregulation of EMMPRIN expression, increases the susceptibility to coronavirus disease (COVID-19). In turn, COVID-19 in OSCC patients causes exhaustion of EMMPRIN receptor due to binding with ‘S’ receptor leading to a downregulation of related carcinogenesis events. We proposed that in the ACE-2 depleted situation in OSCC, EMMPRIN receptor might get high jacked by the COVID-19 virus for the entry into the host cells. Apart from the anti-monoclonal antibody, it is recommended to explore the use of grape seed and skin containing mouthwash as an adjunct, which could also have anti EMMPRIN effects in patients with OSCC and OPMDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saranya Varadarajan
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Sri Venkateswara Dental College and Hospital, Thalambur, Chennai, India
| | - Thodur Madapusi Balaji
- Department of Dentistry, Bharathirajaa Hospital and Research Institute, T Nagar, Chennai, India
| | - Sachin C Sarode
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Dr. D.Y. Patil Dental College and Hospital, Dr. D.Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Sant-Tukaram Nagar, Pimpri, Pune 411018, MH, India.
| | - Gargi S Sarode
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Dr. D.Y. Patil Dental College and Hospital, Dr. D.Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Sant-Tukaram Nagar, Pimpri, Pune 411018, MH, India
| | - Nilesh K Sharma
- Cancer and Translational Research Lab, Dr. D. Y. Patil Biotechnology and Bioinformatics Institute, Dr. D.Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Mumbai- Bangalore Highway, Tathawade, Pune 411033, MH, India
| | - Shailesh Gondivkar
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Government Dental College & Hospital, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India
| | - Amol Gadbail
- Department of Dentistry, Indira Gandhi Government Medical College and Hospital, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India
| | - Shankargouda Patil
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery and Diagnostic Sciences, Division of Oral Pathology, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
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Madapusi Balaji T, Varadarajan S, Rao USV, Raj AT, Patil S, Arakeri G, Brennan PA. Oral cancer and periodontal disease increase the risk of COVID 19? A mechanism mediated through furin and cathepsin overexpression. Med Hypotheses 2020; 144:109936. [PMID: 32505073 PMCID: PMC7263251 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2020.109936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Saranya Varadarajan
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Sri Venkateswara Dental College and Hospital, Chennai, India
| | - U S Vishal Rao
- Department of Head and Neck Oncology, HCG Cancer Hospital, Bangaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - A Thirumal Raj
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Sri Venkateswara Dental College and Hospital, Chennai, India
| | - Shankaragouda Patil
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery and Diagnostic Sciences, Division of Oral Pathology, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Gururaj Arakeri
- Department of Head and Neck Oncology, HCG Cancer Hospital, Bangaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Peter A Brennan
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Queen Alexandra Hospital, Portsmouth, UK
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Balaji TM, Varadarajan S, Raj AT, Patil S. The SARS-CoV-2 Virus may Remain Viable on Oral Appliances for up to 3 Days? J Contemp Dent Pract 2020; 21:597. [PMID: 33025923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The SARS-CoV-2 virus has created havoc in the world by causing the COVID-19 pandemic.1 The affected patients exhibit fever, cough, and apnea. Hospitalization is often due to progressive respiratory distress, which, in a proportion of patients, had led to fatalities.2 The geriatric population is at a higher risk, because of their reduced immunity and the presence of comorbid conditions like diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and cardiovascular diseases. Health authorities have advocated social distancing as a method to contain the spread of this contagious disease. A landmark study has shown that the SARS-CoV-2 virus can remain viable on various surfaces like cardboard, stainless steel, plastic, and copper for a long duration. The research conducted by van Doremalen et al.3 has created an aerosolized environment using SARS-CoV-2 (105.25 50% tissue-culture infectious dose [TCID50] per milliliter) in a Goldberg drum using a 3 jet collision nebulizer and has exposed various materials such as cardboard, paper, stainless steel, plastic, and copper to the virus. The SARS-Cov-2 virus was found to be viable in aerosol for only 3 hours, although its presence on material surfaces lasted significantly longer, especially in stainless steel and plastic surfaces, wherein the virus was detected for up to 72 hours.3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thodur Madapusi Balaji
- Department of Dentistry, Bharathirajaa Hospital and Research Centre, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Saranya Varadarajan
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Sri Venkateswara Dental College and Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - A Thirumal Raj
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Sri Venkateswara Dental College and Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Shankargouda Patil
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery and Diagnostic Sciences, Division of Oral Pathology, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Phone: +966 507633755, e-mail:
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38
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Khanagar SB, Al-Ehaideb A, Vishwanathaiah S, Maganur PC, Varadarajan S, Patil S. Depression, Anxiety, and Psychological Distress among Healthcare Providers during the Outbreak of the Life-threatening Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19). J Contemp Dent Pract 2020; 21:471-472. [PMID: 32690824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
"The concept of total wellness recognizes that our every thought, word, and behavior affect our greater health and well-being. And we, in turn, are affected not only emotionally but also physically and spiritually."-Greg Anderson.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjeev B Khanagar
- Preventive Dental Science Department, College of Dentistry, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Phone: +966 592349770, e-mail:
| | - Ali Al-Ehaideb
- Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Dental Services, King Abdulaziz Medical City-Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia; King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Satish Vishwanathaiah
- Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, Division of Pedodontics, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Prabhadevi C Maganur
- Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, Division of Pedodontics, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Saranya Varadarajan
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Sri Venkateswara Dental College and Hospital, Thalambur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Shankaragouda Patil
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery and Diagnostic Sciences, Division of Oral Pathology, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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39
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Raj AT, Sujatha G, Muruganandhan J, Kumar SS, Bharkavi SI, Varadarajan S, Patil S, Awan KH. Reviewing the oral carcinogenic potential of E-cigarettes using the Bradford Hill criteria of causation. Transl Cancer Res 2020; 9:3142-3152. [PMID: 35117678 PMCID: PMC8798817 DOI: 10.21037/tcr.2020.01.23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 12/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The past decade has seen a surge in the use of e-cigarettes, which has prompted the medical community to assess any associated potential health hazards. A major concern was the risk of cancer. Chemical analysis of e-cigarettes has shown the presence of volatile organic compounds with the potential for carcinogenicity. Comparative toxicology analysis has shown e-cigarette to have relatively lower dosages of toxins than conventional combustible cigarettes. Based on comparative analysis, e-cigarettes have been increasingly advocated as a safe alternative to conventional cigarettes. It is vital to recognize that presence of relatively lower toxin level does not preclude carcinogenic potential. The nicotine present in the e-cigarette was presumed to be the major cytotoxic agents, thus nicotine-free e-cigarette was considered as inert. On the contrary, experimental studies on oral cell lines have shown DNA strand breaks on exposure to e-cigarette vapors with or without nicotine. In addition, dysregulations of genes associated with carcinogenic pathways have also been demonstrated in oral tissues exposed to e-cigarette vapors. Despite alarming molecular data, the oral carcinogenic potential of e-cigarette remains unclear, which can be attributed to the lack of long-term prospective and large-scale case-control studies. As e-cigarette users often have other well-established risk factors (conventional cigarette smoking, alcohol, etc.) as associated habits, it is difficult to assess e-cigarette as an independent risk factor for oral cancer. Thus, the present manuscript aims to review the published literature using the Brad Ford Hill criteria of causation to determine the oral carcinogenic potential of e-cigarettes.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Thirumal Raj
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Sri Venkateswara Dental College and Hospital, Chennai, India
| | - Govindarajan Sujatha
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Sri Venkateswara Dental College and Hospital, Chennai, India
| | - Jayanandan Muruganandhan
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Sri Venkateswara Dental College and Hospital, Chennai, India
| | | | - Sk Indu Bharkavi
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Sri Venkateswara Dental College and Hospital, Chennai, India
| | - Saranya Varadarajan
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Sri Venkateswara Dental College and Hospital, Chennai, India
| | - Shankargouda Patil
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery and Diagnostic Sciences, Division of Oral Pathology, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kamran Habib Awan
- College of Dental Medicine, Roseman University of Health Sciences, South Jordan, UT, USA
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40
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Sreenivasulu P, Varadarajan S. An Efficient Lossless ROI Image Compression Using Wavelet-Based Modified Region Growing Algorithm. Journal of Intelligent Systems 2018. [DOI: 10.1515/jisys-2018-0180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Nowadays, medical imaging and telemedicine are increasingly being utilized on a huge scale. The expanding interest in storing and sending medical images brings a lack of adequate memory spaces and transmission bandwidth. To resolve these issues, compression was introduced. The main aim of lossless image compression is to improve accuracy, reduce the bit rate, and improve the compression efficiency for the storage and transmission of medical images while maintaining an acceptable image quality for diagnosis purposes. In this paper, we propose lossless medical image compression using wavelet transform and encoding method. Basically, the proposed image compression system comprises three modules: (i) segmentation, (ii) image compression, and (iii) image decompression. First, the input medical image is segmented into region of interest (ROI) and non-ROI using a modified region growing algorithm. Subsequently, the ROI is compressed by discrete cosine transform and set partitioning in hierarchical tree encoding method, and the non-ROI is compressed by discrete wavelet transform and merging-based Huffman encoding method. Finally, the compressed image combination of the compressed ROI and non-ROI is obtained. Then, in the decompression stage, the original medical image is extracted using the reverse procedure. The experimentation was carried out using different medical images, and the proposed method obtained better results compared to different other methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- P. Sreenivasulu
- Research Scholar, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - S. Varadarajan
- Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, India
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Zhu JJ, Mahendran D, Lee MH, Seah J, Fourlanos S, Varadarajan S, Ghasem-Zadeh A, MacIsaac RJ, Seeman E. Systemic mastocytosis identified in two women developing fragility fractures during lactation. Osteoporos Int 2018; 29:1671-1674. [PMID: 29619541 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-018-4498-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Two women presenting with fragility fractures during lactation had bone mineral density (BMD) reduced more greatly than usually associated with lactation. The first woman was 29 years old with a BMD T-score of - 3.2 SD at the spine and- 2.0 SD at the femoral neck. The second woman was 35 years old with a BMD T-score of - 4.5 SD at the spine and - 2.8 SD at the femoral neck. Both women had increased cortical porosity and reduced trabecular density. Investigation identified an elevated serum tryptase, and marrow biopsy confirmed the diagnosis of mastocytosis. Lactation causes bone loss, but the occurrence of fractures in the setting of severe deficits in BMD and microstructural deterioration signals the need to consider additional causes of bone loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- J J Zhu
- Department of Endocrinology & Diabetes, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, 41 Victoria Pde, Fitzroy, 3065, VIC, Australia.
| | - D Mahendran
- Endocrine Centre of Excellence, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Australia
- Department of Endocrinology & Diabetes, The Northern Hospital, Epping, Australia
| | - M H Lee
- Department of Endocrinology & Diabetes, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, 41 Victoria Pde, Fitzroy, 3065, VIC, Australia
| | - J Seah
- Endocrine Centre of Excellence, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Australia
| | - S Fourlanos
- Department of Endocrinology & Diabetes, The Northern Hospital, Epping, Australia
- Department of Endocrinology & Diabetes, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Australia
| | - S Varadarajan
- Department of Endocrinology & Diabetes, The Northern Hospital, Epping, Australia
| | - A Ghasem-Zadeh
- Endocrine Centre of Excellence, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Australia
| | - R J MacIsaac
- Department of Endocrinology & Diabetes, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, 41 Victoria Pde, Fitzroy, 3065, VIC, Australia
- Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - E Seeman
- Endocrine Centre of Excellence, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Australia
- Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
- Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Australia
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Carter R, Butterworth M, Risk J, Jorgensen A, Sacco J, Schache A, Shaw R, Jones T, Cohen G, Varadarajan S. PO-027 Potential use of BH3 mimetics in the treatment of head and neck cancer. ESMO Open 2018. [DOI: 10.1136/esmoopen-2018-eacr25.562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Greaves G, Milani M, Byrne D, Carter R, Butterworth M, Luo X, Eyers P, Cohen G, Varadarajan S. PO-061 BCL-2 family of proteins, BCL-XL and MCL-1, regulate apoptosis and cancer cell survival by different mechanisms. ESMO Open 2018. [DOI: 10.1136/esmoopen-2018-eacr25.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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44
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Gunaseelan P, Suresh G, Raghavan V, Varadarajan S. Native valve endocarditis caused by Kocuria rosea complicated by peripheral mycotic aneurysm in an elderly host. J Postgrad Med 2017; 63:135-137. [PMID: 28397739 PMCID: PMC5414425 DOI: 10.4103/jpgm.jpgm_441_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Infective endocarditis still remains a dreaded illness among treating physicians because of the disease course, its need for meticulous antibiotic management, complications, and overall morbidity. Peripheral mycotic aneurysms are a rarely reported complication of infective endocarditis. Mycotic aneurysms occur in about 5%-10% of cases of infective endocarditis, and most of them involve the intracranial vessels. Here, we report a case of native valve endocarditis in a 74-year-old man caused by Kocuria rosea. He presented with septic shock and acute kidney injury. His illness was complicated by a right popliteal artery mycotic aneurysm. He was treated with intravenous ceftriaxone and vancomycin. The mycotic aneurysm needed aneurysmectomy and anastomosis with a graft.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Gunaseelan
- Department of Family Medicine, Sundaram Medical Foundation, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - G Suresh
- Department of General Medicine, Sundaram Medical Foundation, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - V Raghavan
- Department of General Medicine, Sundaram Medical Foundation, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - S Varadarajan
- Department of General Medicine, Sundaram Medical Foundation, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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Ramchand J, Ramchand S, Pease A, Varadarajan S, Fourlanos S. An Unusual Cause for ECG Abnormalities in Male with Newly Diagnosed Type 1 Diabetes. Heart Lung Circ 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2016.06.196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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46
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Lucas CM, Milani M, Butterworth M, Carmell N, Scott LJ, Clark RE, Cohen GM, Varadarajan S. High CIP2A levels correlate with an antiapoptotic phenotype that can be overcome by targeting BCL-XL in chronic myeloid leukemia. Leukemia 2016; 30:1273-81. [PMID: 26987906 PMCID: PMC4895185 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2016.42] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2015] [Revised: 02/10/2016] [Accepted: 02/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Cancerous inhibitor of protein phosphatase 2A (CIP2A) is a predictive biomarker of disease progression in many malignancies, including imatinib-treated chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). Although high CIP2A levels correlate with disease progression in CML, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain elusive. In a screen of diagnostic chronic phase samples from patients with high and low CIP2A protein levels, high CIP2A levels correlate with an antiapoptotic phenotype, characterized by downregulation of proapoptotic BCL-2 family members, including BIM, PUMA and HRK, and upregulation of the antiapoptotic protein BCL-XL. These results suggest that the poor prognosis of patients with high CIP2A levels is due to an antiapoptotic phenotype. Disrupting this antiapoptotic phenotype by inhibition of BCL-XL via RNA interference or A-1331852, a novel, potent and BCL-XL-selective inhibitor, resulted in extensive apoptosis either alone or in combination with imatinib, dasatinib or nilotinib, both in cell lines and in primary CD34(+) cells from patients with high levels of CIP2A. These results demonstrate that BCL-XL is the major antiapoptotic survival protein and may be a novel therapeutic target in CML.
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Affiliation(s)
- C M Lucas
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - M Milani
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - M Butterworth
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - N Carmell
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - L J Scott
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - R E Clark
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - G M Cohen
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.,Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - S Varadarajan
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.,Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
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Varadarajan S, Breda C, Smalley JL, Butterworth M, Farrow SN, Giorgini F, Cohen GM. The transrepression arm of glucocorticoid receptor signaling is protective in mutant huntingtin-mediated neurodegeneration. Cell Death Differ 2015; 22:1388-96. [PMID: 25656655 PMCID: PMC4495362 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2015.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2014] [Revised: 12/15/2014] [Accepted: 01/07/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The unfolded protein response (UPR) occurs following the accumulation of unfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and orchestrates an intricate balance between its prosurvival and apoptotic arms to restore cellular homeostasis and integrity. However, in certain neurodegenerative diseases, the apoptotic arm of the UPR is enhanced, resulting in excessive neuronal cell death and disease progression, both of which can be overcome by modulating the UPR. Here, we describe a novel crosstalk between glucocorticoid receptor signaling and the apoptotic arm of the UPR, thus highlighting the potential of glucocorticoid therapy in treating neurodegenerative diseases. Several glucocorticoids, but not mineralocorticoids, selectively antagonize ER stress-induced apoptosis in a manner that is downstream of and/or independent of the conventional UPR pathways. Using GRT10, a novel selective pharmacological modulator of glucocorticoid signaling, we describe the importance of the transrepression arm of the glucocorticoid signaling pathway in protection against ER stress-induced apoptosis. Furthermore, we also observe the protective effects of glucocorticoids in vivo in a Drosophila model of Huntington's disease (HD), wherein treatment with different glucocorticoids diminished rhabdomere loss and conferred neuroprotection. Finally, we find that growth differentiation factor 15 has an important role downstream of glucocorticoid signaling in antagonizing ER stress-induced apoptosis in cells, as well as in preventing HD-mediated neurodegeneration in flies. Thus, our studies demonstrate that this novel crosstalk has the potential to be effectively exploited in alleviating several neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Varadarajan
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - C Breda
- Department of Genetics, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - J L Smalley
- MRC Toxicology Unit, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - M Butterworth
- MRC Toxicology Unit, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - S N Farrow
- Respiratory Therapy Area, GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage, UK
| | - F Giorgini
- Department of Genetics, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - G M Cohen
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
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Varadarajan S, Narasimhan M, Malaisamy M, Duraipandian C. Invitro Anti-mycotic Activity of Hydro Alcoholic Extracts of Some Indian Medicinal Plants against Fluconazole Resistant Candida albicans. J Clin Diagn Res 2015; 9:ZC07-10. [PMID: 26436036 DOI: 10.7860/jcdr/2015/14178.6273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2014] [Accepted: 06/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Candidiasis is one of the most common opportunistic infections caused by Candida albicans. Fluconazole is the drug of choice for prevention and management of this condition. However, the emergence of fluconazole resistant candidal strains has become a major concern. Many herbs like fenugreek, cinnamon, papaya, oregano, garlic are rich in phytochemical constituents known to express antimycotic activity. With the available information, the present research study was carried out to assess the invitro anti-mycotic activity of hydro alcoholic extracts of Trigonella foenum-graecum seeds, Cinnamomum verum bark and Carica papaya leaves and seeds against fluconazole resistant Candida albicans. MATERIALS AND METHODS Hydro alcoholic extracts of Trigonella foenum-graecum (seeds), Cinnamomum verum (bark), Carica papaya CO.2 strain (male and female leaves) and Carica papaya CO.2 strain (seeds) were prepared by maceration. The anti-mycotic activity of the prepared extracts against Candida albicans was assessed by agar well diffusion method. Three independent experiments were performed in triplicates and the mean and standard deviation were calculated. Minimum inhibitory concentration was determined. RESULTS The results of the present study revealed that all the extracts exhibited anti-mycotic activity in a dose dependent manner and minimum inhibitory concentration of all the extracts was found to be 15.62 μg/ml. CONCLUSION The results of the present study shed light on the fact that plant extracts could be used not only as an alternate drug for management of fluconazole resistant candidiasis but also explored further for oral cancer prevention as a therapeutic adjunct.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saranya Varadarajan
- Senior Research Fellow, Department of Oral Pathology, Faculty of Dental sciences, Sri Ramachandra University , Chennai, India
| | - Malathi Narasimhan
- Professor and Head, Department of Oral Pathology, Faculty of Dental Sciences, Sri Ramachandra University , Chennai, India
| | - Malaiyandi Malaisamy
- Research Scholar, Center for Advanced Studies in Botany, Guindy Campus, University of Madras , Chennai, India
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Narasimhan M, Hazarey VK, Varadarajan S. Prevalence of Hepatitis B surface antigen in dental personnel. J Oral Maxillofac Pathol 2015; 19:34-6. [PMID: 26097304 PMCID: PMC4451664 DOI: 10.4103/0973-029x.157198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2013] [Accepted: 03/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Context: Hepatitis B, a viral disease affecting the liver has high morbidity and mortality. Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) in serum is used to detect presence of active disease and chronic carrier status. The disease is transmitted predominantly through blood and saliva, hence dental professionals are considered a high risk group. Aim: To detect presence of HBsAg in serum of dental professionals. Subjects and Methods: The study was conducted in two parts viz., one in the year 1991 on 100 dental professionals in Nagpur using reverse passive hemagglutination and the other in 2012 on 50 dental professionals in Chennai using immunochromatography. Results: Ten percent of dental professionals screened in 1991 and 2% of dental professionals screened in 2012 showed HBsAg positive status and were predominantly periodontists with a history of needle-stick injury. Conclusion: This study highlights the importance of Hepatitis B vaccination and periodic evaluation of antibody titer to prevent spread of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malathi Narasimhan
- Department of Oral Pathology, Faculty of Dental Sciences, Sri Ramachandra University, Porur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - V K Hazarey
- Department of Oral Pathology, Government Dental College and Hospital, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India
| | - Saranya Varadarajan
- Department of Oral Pathology, Faculty of Dental Sciences, Sri Ramachandra University, Porur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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Sangars B, Varadarajan S, Suriyakumaran T. Hormonal therapy in Post menopausal receptor positive Breast cancer patients-practices and perceptions. Eur J Surg Oncol 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejso.2011.03.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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