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Miao T, Zhan S, Chen X, Hu L. Effect of Sintering Temperature on Microstructure Characteristics of Porous NiTi Alloy Fabricated via Elemental Powder Sintering. Materials (Basel) 2024; 17:743. [PMID: 38591591 PMCID: PMC10856560 DOI: 10.3390/ma17030743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
To investigate the effect of the sintering temperature on the microstructure characteristics of porous NiTi alloys, two types of porous NiTi alloys with equal atomic ratios were fabricated via elemental powder sintering at 950 °C and 1000 °C. Afterwards, optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were collectively applied to investigate the pore characteristics and microstructure of the fabricated porous NiTi alloy. The results show that when the sintering temperature increases from 950 °C to 1000 °C, the average pore size increases from 36.00 μm to 181.65 μm, owing to the integration of these newly formed small pores into these pre-existing large-sized pores. The measured density increases from 2.556 g/cm3 to 3.030 g/cm3, while the porosity decreases from 60.4% to 51.8%. This is due to the occurrence of shrinkage after the sufficient diffusion of atoms. Furthermore, the characterization results confirm that a change in the sintering temperature would not change the phase types within a porous NiTi alloy; namely, the matrix consists primarily of B2 NiTi, with a significant amount of Ni4Ti3 precipitates and a small amount of Ni3Ti precipitates and Ti2Ni precipitates. However, as the sintering temperature increases, the number of Ni4Ti3 precipitates decreases significantly. The formation of a Ni4Ti3 phase in the present study is closely related to the enrichment of Ni content in the matrix owing to the diffusion rate difference between Ni atoms and Ti atoms and the absence of a transient liquid phase (TLP) during the sintering process owing to the relatively low sintering temperature (lower than the eutectic temperature). Moreover, the increasing sintering temperature speeds up the atom diffusion, which contributes to a reduction in the enrichment of Ni as well as the number of formed Ni4Ti3 precipitates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianhu Miao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400054, China; (T.M.); (S.Z.); (X.C.)
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Die Technology, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400054, China
| | - Sha Zhan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400054, China; (T.M.); (S.Z.); (X.C.)
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Die Technology, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400054, China
| | - Xiaojuan Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400054, China; (T.M.); (S.Z.); (X.C.)
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Die Technology, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400054, China
| | - Li Hu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400054, China; (T.M.); (S.Z.); (X.C.)
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Die Technology, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400054, China
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Zheng Z, Zhan S, Zhou Y, Huang G, Chen P, Li B. Pediatric Crohn's disease diagnosis aid via genomic analysis and machine learning. Front Pediatr 2023; 11:991247. [PMID: 37033178 PMCID: PMC10076664 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2023.991247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Determination of pediatric Crohn's disease (CD) remains a major diagnostic challenge. However, the rapidly emerging field of artificial intelligence has demonstrated promise in developing diagnostic models for intractable diseases. Methods We propose an artificial neural network model of 8 gene markers identified by 4 classification algorithms based on Gene Expression Omnibus database for diagnostic of pediatric CD. Results The model achieved over 85% accuracy and area under ROC curve value in both training set and testing set for diagnosing pediatric CD. Additionally, immune infiltration analysis was performed to address why these markers can be integrated to develop a diagnostic model. Conclusion This study supports further clinical facilitation of precise disease diagnosis by integrating genomics and machine learning algorithms in open-access database.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwei Zheng
- Department of Pediatrics, Zhongshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhongshan, China
- Correspondence: Zhiwei Zheng
| | - Sha Zhan
- School of Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yongmao Zhou
- Department of Pediatrics, Zhongshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhongshan, China
| | - Ganghua Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Pan Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, Zhongshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhongshan, China
| | - Baofei Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Zhongshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhongshan, China
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Zhang Y, Cheng Y, Li N, Hou Y, Jiao L, Yuan Y, Wang L, Huang Z, Wu L, Han F, Wang Y, Zhan S. Niemann-Pick Type C with Sleep Disorders: Central Sleep Apnea and cataplexy. Sleep Med 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2022.05.463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Bie F, Zhang G, Yan X, Ma X, Zhan S, Qiu Y, Cao J, Ma Y, Ma M. β-Boswellic Acid Suppresses Breast Precancerous Lesions via GLUT1 Targeting-Mediated Glycolysis Inhibition and AMPK Pathway Activation. Front Oncol 2022; 12:896904. [PMID: 35712503 PMCID: PMC9194511 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.896904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast carcinoma is a multistep progressive disease. Precancerous prevention seems to be crucial. β-Boswellic acid (β-BA), the main component of the folk medicine Boswellia serrata (B. serrata), has been reported to be effective in various diseases including tumors. In this work, we demonstrated that β-BA could inhibit breast precancerous lesions in rat disease models. Consistently, β-BA could suppress proliferation and induce apoptosis on MCF-10AT without significantly influencing MCF-10A. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis suggested that β-BA may interfere with the metabolic pathway. Metabolism-related assays showed that β-BA suppressed glycolysis and reduced ATP production, which then activated the AMPK pathway and inhibited the mTOR pathway to limit MCF-10AT proliferation. Further molecular docking analysis suggested that GLUT1 might be the target of β-BA. Forced expression of GLUT1 could rescue the glycolysis suppression and survival limitation induced by β-BA on MCF-10AT. Taken together, β-BA could relieve precancerous lesions in vivo and in vitro through GLUT1 targeting-induced glycolysis suppression and AMPK/mTOR pathway alterations. Here, we offered a molecular basis for β-BA to be developed as a promising drug candidate for the prevention of breast precancerous lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengjie Bie
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guijuan Zhang
- School of Nursing, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xianxin Yan
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinyi Ma
- The First Clinical Medical College, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Sha Zhan
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yebei Qiu
- The Oncology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jingyu Cao
- The Oncology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yi Ma
- Department of Cellular Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, National Engineering, Research Center of Genetic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine of Guangdong Province, The National Demonstration Center for Experimental Education of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Min Ma
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- The Oncology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Min Ma,
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Liu L, Han M, Qie R, Li Q, Zhang X, Zhang J, Zhan S, Zhang L, Xu Z, Zhang C, Hong F. A dose-response meta-analysis to evaluate the relationship between high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and all-cause and cardiovascular disease mortality. J Endocrinol Invest 2022; 45:551-562. [PMID: 34676492 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-021-01690-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Previous studies have not fully described the relationship between high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and death risks from all cause and cardiovascular disease (CVD). This study quantitatively evaluates HDL-C-mortality associations. METHODS Embase and PubMed databases were searched for relevant articles published up to 1 June 2019. Random-effects models were used to pool relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). We used restricted cubic splines to model the dose-response association. RESULTS We identified 32 prospective cohort studies including 369,904 participants and 33,473 total deaths (9426 CVD deaths). Compared to the lowest HDL-C levels, all cause and CVD mortality risks were reduced by 18% (RR 0.82; 95% CI, 0.73-0.93) and 36% (0.64, 0.46-0.89), respectively, for the highest HDL-C levels. All cause and CVD mortality risks were reduced by 15% (0.85, 0.79-0.92) and 23% (0.77, 0.69-0.87), respectively, with each 1 mmol/L increment of HDL-C. We found evidence of nonlinear and negative dose-response associations of HDL-C with all cause and CVD mortality (Pnonlinearity < 0.001), and the lowest death risks from all cause and CVD were observed at approximately 1.34 and 1.55 mmol/L, respectively. CONCLUSION HDL-C is inversely associated with all cause and CVD mortality risks under approximately 2.05 and 2.33 mmol/L, respectively. Optimal doses require investigation via clinical practice or high-quality research.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Liu
- School of Public Health, the Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Dongqing Road, Guian New Area, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou, People's Republic of China
| | - M Han
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, People's Republic of China
| | - R Qie
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, People's Republic of China
| | - Q Li
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, People's Republic of China
| | - X Zhang
- School of Public Health, the Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Dongqing Road, Guian New Area, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou, People's Republic of China
- Center for Diseases Control and Prevention of Yunyan District, Guiyang, 550004, People's Republic of China
| | - J Zhang
- School of Public Health, the Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Dongqing Road, Guian New Area, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou, People's Republic of China
- Guiyang Center for Diseases Control and Prevention, Guiyang, 550001, People's Republic of China
| | - S Zhan
- School of Public Health, the Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Dongqing Road, Guian New Area, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou, People's Republic of China
- Guizhou Provincial Hospital of Maternal and Child Health Care, Guiyang, 550004, People's Republic of China
| | - L Zhang
- School of Public Health, the Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Dongqing Road, Guian New Area, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Z Xu
- School of Public Health, the Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Dongqing Road, Guian New Area, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou, People's Republic of China
| | - C Zhang
- School of Public Health, the Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Dongqing Road, Guian New Area, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou, People's Republic of China
| | - F Hong
- School of Public Health, the Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Dongqing Road, Guian New Area, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou, People's Republic of China.
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Zhai Y, Wang H, Zhan S, Wu H. [Efficacy of intravenous thrombolysis for acute severe cerebral infarction and risk factors of poor prognosis: a randomized controlled trial in 152 cases]. Nan Fang Yi Ke Da Xue Xue Bao 2021; 41:1426-1430. [PMID: 34658360 DOI: 10.12122/j.issn.1673-4254.2021.09.20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the clinical efficacy and safety of intravenous thrombolysis in patients with acute severe cerebral infarction and analyze the risk factors of poor prognosis after thrombolysis. METHODS This randomized controlled trial was conducted among 152 patients with acute severe cerebral infarction, with the onset time all within 4.5 h. The patients were randomized into control group (76 cases) and observation group (76 cases) and received treatment with routine therapy (antiplatelet aggregation, statins, neuroprotection and drugs that stimulate blood flow) and intravenous thrombolytic therapy with alteplase in addition to the routine therapy, respectively. The NIHSS scores were recorded at 24 h, 1 week and 1 month after the treatment. The mRS scores at 3 months and the incidence of symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage at one week after the treatment were compared between the two groups. According to mRS scores at 3 months, the patients in the observation group were divided into good prognosis group (30 patients) and poor prognosis group (46 patients), and the risk factors for poor prognosis were analyzed using univariate and multivariate Logistic regression analysis. RESULTS At 24 h, 1 week and 1 month after the treatment, the reduction of NIHSS scores was more significant in the observation group than in the control group (F=24.684, P < 0.001). At 3 months after the treatment, the mRS scores were significantly lower (t=4.396, P < 0.001) and the good prognosis rate was significantly higher (χ2=13.636, P < 0.001) in the observation group than those of the control group. Symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage occurred in 4 cases in the observation group and in 2 cases in the control group within 1 week after the treatment (χ2=0.694, P=0.405). The time from onset to thrombolysis (OR=0.173, P=0.035), prethrombolytic systolic pressure (OR=0.869, P=0.019) and baseline NIHSS score (OR=0.466, P=0.011) were identified as independent risk factors for poor prognosis after intravenous thrombolysis. CONCLUSION Intravenous thrombolysis is effective and safe for patients with acute severe cerebral infarction, and the time from onset to thrombolysis, prethrombolytic systolic pressure and baseline NIHSS score are independent risk factors for a poor prognosis after intravenous thrombolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Zhai
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital of Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, China
| | - H Wang
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, China
| | - S Zhan
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, China
| | - H Wu
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, China
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Sun Y, Gao L, Xia H, Yang Z, Deng S, Yang J, Zhao Y, Wang L, Feng J, Huang F, Huan S, Zhan S. Accuracy of molecular diagnostic tests for drug-resistant tuberculosis detection in China: a systematic review. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2020; 23:931-942. [PMID: 31533884 DOI: 10.5588/ijtld.18.0550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the accuracy of molecular diagnostics for the detection of drug-resistant tuberculosis (TB) in Chinese patients.METHOD: Seven databases were searched for eligible studies that evaluated the accuracy of molecular diagnostics against drug susceptibility testing (DST) for detecting drug resistance. A bivariate random-effects meta-analysis was conducted to pool sensitivity and specificity by the index test and drug resistance type.RESULTS: A total of 159 studies were included. Compared with DST (reference standard), Xpert® could diagnose rifampicin (RMP) resistant TB accurately, with a pooled sensitivity and pooled specificity of 92% (95%CI 90-94) and 98% (95%CI 97-98), respectively. Line-probe assays (LPAs) also performed well for RMP resistance, with a pooled sensitivity of 91% (95%CI 88-93) and pooled specificity of 98% (95%CI 96-99), but not for isoniazid (INH) or second-line drugs due to lower sensitivity (<80%). The pooled sensitivity of GeneChip® microarrays for RMP, INH and multidrug resistance was 89% (95%CI 86-91), 79% (95%CI 75-82) and 79% (95%CI 73-84), respectively, and the specificities were all >97%. Similarly, the MeltPro® TB/STR assay had better sensitivity and specificity for first-line drugs, varying from 87% to 89% and 97% to 98%, respectively, than for second-line drugs.CONCLUSION: The Xpert assay, LPA, GeneChip assay, and MeltPro assay are credible methods with high accuracy for RMP resistance detection, but they may not be appropriate for other anti-tuberculosis drugs due to low sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Sun
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Peking University School of Public Health, Beijing
| | - L Gao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Peking University School of Public Health, Beijing
| | - H Xia
- National Center for Tuberculosis Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Z Yang
- Primary Care Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - S Deng
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Peking University School of Public Health, Beijing
| | - J Yang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Peking University School of Public Health, Beijing
| | - Y Zhao
- National Center for Tuberculosis Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - L Wang
- National Center for Tuberculosis Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - J Feng
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Peking University School of Public Health, Beijing
| | - F Huang
- National Center for Tuberculosis Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - S Huan
- Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, Beijing Office, Beijing, China
| | - S Zhan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Peking University School of Public Health, Beijing
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Huang Z, Li N, Liu J, Hou Y, Wang L, Zhan S, Wu L, Wang Y. Nocturnal heart rate variability as a biomarker for autonomic nervous system dysfunction in fatal familial insomnia. Sleep Med 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2019.11.447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Li N, Yuan Y, Ding Y, Huang Z, Zhai Y, Li X, Wang Y, Zhan S. Psychiatric symptoms in adolescents with narcolepsy. Sleep Med 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2019.11.1230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Liu C, Xu Z, Han T, Huang Z, Zhan S, Xu J, Wang Y. Increased gray matter density and functional connectivity of the pons associated with restless legs syndrome. Sleep Med 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2019.11.639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Liu Y, Wu F, Wu Y, Deng Y, Xiao Y, Yang X, Zhang S, Huang Z, Chen Y, Han Y, Wang J, Huang X, Tan D, Wang J, Zhan S. P6290Enhanced IL-6/pSTAT3/fibroblast signaling pathway contributes to spontaneous postoperative atrial fibrillation in a novel simulated cardiac surgery mouse model. Eur Heart J 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehz746.0888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Cumulative evidences have shown that IL-6 in atrium might play an important role in the pathogenesis of postoperative AF (POAF) via activation of atrial fibrosis in patients undergoing CABG. However, whether atria produces IL-6 after the stimulation of CABG and its causal relationship with spontaneous POAF (sPOAF) and its specific pathways is still unclear.
Purpose
To test the hypothesis that atrium will produce IL-6 after CABG and causes sustained sPOAF (ssPOAF) through activating pSTAT3-mediated fibroblast proliferation.
Methods
To determine the causal relationship between IL-6 and sPOAF, IL-6−/− and wild type (WT) mice were both divided into three groups (10 mice/group): CABG group (NAI, mimic CABG), anti-inflammatory group (AI, mimic CABG with pericardial administration of methylprednisolone for 3 days via chest tube), and control group (anesthesia only). Mice were monitored for ssPOAF for 7 days using implanted telemetry device. Another two sets of mice, using the same models mentioned above, were euthanatized at 48th hours postoperatively. The atria of one set animals were excised and separated into pericardium (PC), pulmonary vein (PV), left atrium (LA), and right atrium (RA) and cultured for 4 hours. IL-6 levels in the supernatant were measured at 10 min and 4 hours of culture using ELISA test. The region producing the largest amount of IL-6 in the other set of animals was harvested for analyzing expressions of IL-6, pSTAT3/STAT3, connexin 43 and 40, fibroblast deposition, and collagen I and III. Path analysis was performed to determine the causal relationship of CABG induced IL-6 release, pSTAT3/fibroblast signaling, and the onset of ssPOAF.
Results
40% NAI-WT mice developed ssPOAF (Figure 1A) which was completely protected in IL-6−/− and AI groups. IL-6 was produced by all 4 atrial regions at 4hrs after CABG stimulation with the LA producing the highest amount. Western blotting (Figure 1B), RT-CPR, Masson staining, and immunofluorescence all showed a significantly upregulation of IL-6, pSTAT3/STAT3, fibroblasts, collagen I and III, and downregulation of Cx40 an 43 in NAI-WT mice, but not in IL-6−/− and AI mice. IL-6 was colocalized with vimentin to a large extent in cytoplasm (Figure 1C). IL-6 had strong positive correlation with pSTAT3/STAT3, collagen I and III (all r>0.700, P<0.001), moderate and weak negative correlation with Cx40 and 43 (r=−0.505, P<0.001; r=−0.307, P=0.048, respectively). Path analysis (Figure 1D) revealed that every 1 unit increase in IL-6 upregulated a 0.589 unit increase in ssPOAF, which was mediated by pSTAT3/collagen indirectly and collagen I/ collagen III directly.
Conclusion
Our study, for the first time, to the best of our knowledge, established a novel pathophysiological role of IL-6/pSTAT3/fibroblast signaling in the pathogenesis of ssPOAF and demonstrated that inhibition of atrial IL-6 might be a potential novel sPOAF prevention strategy.
Acknowledgement/Funding
The National Natural Science Foundation (No.81170170)
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Liu
- Capital Medical University School of Nursing, Beijing, China
| | - F Wu
- Capital Medical University School of Nursing, Beijing, China
| | - Y Wu
- Capital Medical University School of Nursing, Beijing, China
| | - Y Deng
- Capital Medical University School of Nursing, Beijing, China
| | - Y Xiao
- Capital Medical University School of Nursing, Beijing, China
| | - X Yang
- Capital Medical University School of Nursing, Beijing, China
| | - S Zhang
- Capital Medical University School of Nursing, Beijing, China
| | - Z Huang
- Capital Medical University School of Nursing, Beijing, China
| | - Y Chen
- Capital Medical University School of Nursing, Beijing, China
| | - Y Han
- Capital Medical University School of Nursing, Beijing, China
| | - J Wang
- Capital Medical University School of Nursing, Beijing, China
| | - X Huang
- Capital Medical University School of Nursing, Beijing, China
| | - D Tan
- Capital Medical University School of Nursing, Beijing, China
| | - J Wang
- Capital Medical University School of Nursing, Beijing, China
| | - S Zhan
- Capital Medical University School of Nursing, Beijing, China
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Liu HJ, Dong HQ, Zhan S, Chen L, Xiao Y. [~1H-NMR-based metabonomics analysis of the acute hepatotoxicity mechanism of Artemisia argyi essential oil]. Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi 2019; 44:827-832. [PMID: 30989898 DOI: 10.19540/j.cnki.cjcmm.20181128.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
This study based on~1H-NMR urine metabolomics technique combined with biochemical indicators to focus on studying the acute hepatotoxicity mechanism of Artemisia argyi essential oil( AAEO). In order to further explore the acute hepatotoxicity mechanism of AAEO,the researchers collected the urine nuclear magnetic data of rats in different periods of high and low doses of olive oil and AAEO group. Using the principal component analysis( PCA) and orthogonal partial least squares-discrimination analysis( OPLSDA) to analyze the endogenous small molecule metabolites in rat urine to study the effects of AAEO on the metabolic process of normal rats. The results showed there was a significant difference between the olive oil group and the AAEO group,the PCA scores chart demonstrated that there was no obvious separation tendency in the urine of olive oil group rats 0-6,6-12,12-24 h,and the metabolic components were distributed in aggregation pattern. The urinary metabolic trajectory of the rats in the AAEO group was conspicuously separated at 0-6,6-12,12-24 h. The experiments proved that the analysis of metabolites by~1H-NMR found that AAEO caused metabolic disorders in rats and produced acute hepatotoxicity. After metabolite differential comparison,it was speculated that the mechanism of acute hepatotoxicity may be involved in the tricarboxylic acid cycle and energy metabolism,while the citrate and oleanolic acid would be the potential biomarkers. This study discussed that the acute hepatotoxicity mechanism of AAEO was used to provide the experimental data for the clinical prescription of Artemisia argyi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Jie Liu
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Ji'nan University Guangzhou 510632,China
| | - Han-Qiu Dong
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Ji'nan University Guangzhou 510632,China
| | - Sha Zhan
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Ji'nan University Guangzhou 510632,China
| | - Liang Chen
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Ji'nan University Guangzhou 510632,China
| | - Ya Xiao
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Ji'nan University Guangzhou 510632,China
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Vailati-Riboni M, Bucktrout RE, Zhan S, Geiger A, McCann JC, Akers RM, Loor JJ. Higher plane of nutrition pre-weaning enhances Holstein calf mammary gland development through alterations in the parenchyma and fat pad transcriptome. BMC Genomics 2018; 19:900. [PMID: 30537932 PMCID: PMC6290502 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-018-5303-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2018] [Accepted: 11/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background To reduce costs of rearing replacement heifers, researchers have focused on decreasing age at breeding and first calving. To increase returns upon initiation of lactation the focus has been on increasing mammary development prior to onset of first lactation. Enhanced plane of nutrition pre-weaning may benefit the entire replacement heifer operation by promoting mammary gland development and greater future production. Methods Twelve Holstein heifer calves (< 1 week old) were reared on 1 of 2 dietary treatments (n = 6/group) for 8 weeks: a control group fed a restricted milk replacer at 0.45 kg/d (R, 20% crude protein, 20% fat), or an accelerated group fed an enhanced milk replacer at 1.13 kg/d (EH, 28% crude protein, 25% fat). At weaning (8 weeks), calves were euthanized and sub-samples of mammary parenchyma (PAR) and mammary fat pad (MFP) were harvested upon removal from the body. Total RNA from both tissues was extracted and sequenced using the Illumina HiSeq2500 platform. The Dynamic Impact Approach (DIA) and Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) were used for pathway analysis and functions, gene networks, and cross-talk analyses of the two tissues. Results When comparing EH vs R 1561 genes (895 upregulated, 666 downregulated) and 970 genes (506 upregulated, 464 downregulated) were differentially expressed in PAR and MFP, respectively. DIA and IPA results highlight a greater proliferation and differentiation activity in both PAR and MFP, supported by an increased metabolic activity. When calves were fed EH, the PAR displayed transcriptional signs of greater overall organ development, with higher ductal growth and branching, together with a supportive blood vessel and nerve network. These activities were mediated by intracellular cascades, such as AKT, SHH, MAPK, and Wnt, probably activated by hormones, growth factors, and endogenous molecules. The analysis also revealed strong communication between MFP and PAR. Conclusion The transcriptomics and bioinformatics approach highlighted key mechanisms that mediate the mammary gland response to a higher plane of nutrition in the pre-weaning period. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12864-018-5303-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Vailati-Riboni
- Department of Animal Sciences and Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, 61801, USA
| | - R E Bucktrout
- Department of Animal Sciences and Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, 61801, USA
| | - S Zhan
- Department of Animal Sciences and Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, 61801, USA.,College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - A Geiger
- Department of Dairy Science, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - J C McCann
- Department of Animal Sciences and Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, 61801, USA
| | - R M Akers
- Department of Dairy Science, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - J J Loor
- Department of Animal Sciences and Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, 61801, USA.
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Liu YL, Chin C, Catanese B, Lee SM, Zhan S, Kalinsky K, Connolly EP. Concurrent use of capecitabine with radiation therapy and survival in breast cancer (BC) after neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Clin Transl Oncol 2018; 20:1280-1288. [PMID: 29594944 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-018-1859-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Capecitabine has been studied as a radiosensitizer, and our study seeks to examine the association of concurrent capecitabine/radiation therapy (RT) on event-free- (EFS) and overall survival (OS) in women with breast cancer (BC) with residual disease after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC). METHODS/PATIENTS In a retrospective study of women with BC who received adriamycin/taxane-based NAC from 2004-2016, we identified 21 women administered concurrent capecitabine/RT. To assess differences in survival, we selected a clinical control cohort (n = 57) based on criteria used to select patients for capecitabine/RT. We also created a matched cohort (2:1), matching on tumor subtype, pathological stage and age (< 50 or 50+ years). Differences in EFS, using STEEP criteria, and OS, using all-cause mortality, between those who received capecitabine/RT and controls were assessed. RESULTS Of the 21 women who received capecitabine/RT, median age was 52 years. The majority were pathologic stage III (n = 15) and hormone receptor-positive/HER2-negative BC (n = 20). In those receiving capecitabine/RT, there were 9 events, compared with 14 events in clinical and 10 events in matched controls. Capecitabine/RT was associated with worse OS in clinical (HR 3.83 95% CI 1.12-13.11, p = 0.03) and matched controls (HR 3.71 95% CI 1.04-13.18, p = 0.04), after adjusting for clinical size, pathological stage and lymphovascular invasion. Capecitabine/RT was also associated with a trend towards worse EFS in clinical (HR 2.41 95% CI 0.86-6.74, p = 0.09) and matched controls (HR 2.68 95% CI 0.91-7.90, p = 0.07) after adjustment. CONCLUSION Concurrent capecitabine/RT after NAC is associated with worse survival and should be carefully considered in BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y L Liu
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - C Chin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, New York Presbyterian Hospital, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - B Catanese
- Department of Radiation Oncology, New York Presbyterian Hospital, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - S M Lee
- Department of Biostatistics, Columbia University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - S Zhan
- Department of Biostatistics, Columbia University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - K Kalinsky
- Department of Medical Oncology, New York Presbyterian Hospital, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - E P Connolly
- Department of Radiation Oncology, New York Presbyterian Hospital, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
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15
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D'Amico G, Rosi G, Zhan S, Cacciapuoti L, Fattori M, Tino GM. Canceling the Gravity Gradient Phase Shift in Atom Interferometry. Phys Rev Lett 2017; 119:253201. [PMID: 29303327 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.119.253201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Gravity gradients represent a major obstacle in high-precision measurements by atom interferometry. Controlling their effects to the required stability and accuracy imposes very stringent requirements on the relative positioning of freely falling atomic clouds, as in the case of precise tests of Einstein's equivalence principle. We demonstrate a new method to exactly compensate the effects introduced by gravity gradients in a Raman-pulse atom interferometer. By shifting the frequency of the Raman lasers during the central π pulse, it is possible to cancel the initial position- and velocity-dependent phase shift produced by gravity gradients. We apply this technique to simultaneous interferometers positioned along the vertical direction and demonstrate a new method for measuring local gravity gradients that does not require precise knowledge of the relative position between the atomic clouds. Based on this method, we also propose an improved scheme to determine the Newtonian gravitational constant G towards the 10 ppm relative uncertainty.
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Affiliation(s)
- G D'Amico
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia and LENS, Università di Firenze, INFN Sezione di Firenze, via Sansone 1, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy
| | - G Rosi
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia and LENS, Università di Firenze, INFN Sezione di Firenze, via Sansone 1, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy
| | - S Zhan
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia and LENS, Università di Firenze, INFN Sezione di Firenze, via Sansone 1, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy
| | - L Cacciapuoti
- European Space Agency, Keplerlaan 1, 2200 AG Noordwijk, Netherlands
| | - M Fattori
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia and LENS, Università di Firenze, INFN Sezione di Firenze, via Sansone 1, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy
| | - G M Tino
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia and LENS, Università di Firenze, INFN Sezione di Firenze, via Sansone 1, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy
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Liu H, Chen L, Zhang Z, Geng G, Chen W, Dong H, Chen L, Zhan S, Li T. Effectiveness and safety of acupuncture combined with Madopar for Parkinson's disease: a systematic review with meta-analysis. Acupunct Med 2017; 35:404-412. [PMID: 29180347 DOI: 10.1136/acupmed-2016-011342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of acupuncture combined with Madopar for the treatment of Parkinson's disease (PD), compared to the use of Madopar alone. METHODS A systematic search was carried out for randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of acupuncture and Madopar for the treatment of PD published between April 1995 and April 2015. The primary outcome was total effectiveness rate and secondary outcomes included Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) scores. Data were pooled and analysed with RevMan 5.3. Results were expressed as relative ratio (RR) with 95% confidence interval (CIs). RESULTS Finally, 11 RCTs with 831 subjects were included. Meta-analyses showed that acupuncture combined with Madopar for the treatment of PD can significantly improve the clinical effectiveness compared with Madopar alone (RR=1.28, 95% CI 1.18 to 1.38, P<0.001). It was also found that acupuncture combined with Madopar significantly improved the UPDRS II (SMD=-1.00, 95% CI -1.71 to -0.29, P=0.006) and UPDRS I-IV total summed scores (SMD=-1.15, 95% CI -1.63 to -0.67, P<0.001) but not UPDRS I (SMD=-0.37, 95% CI -0.77 to 0.02, P=0.06), UPDRS III (SMD=-0.93, 95% CI -2.28 to 0.41, P=0.17) or UPDRS IV (SMD=-0.78, 95% CI -2.24 to 0.68, P=0.30) scores. Accordingly, acupuncture combined with Madopar appeared to have a positive effect on activities of daily life and the general condition of patients with PD, but was not better than Madopar alone for the treatment of mental activity, behaviour, mood and motor disability. In the safety evaluation, it was found that acupuncture combined with Madopar was associated with significantly fewer adverse effects including gastrointestinal reactions (RR=0.38, 95% CI 0.23 to 0.65, P<0.001), on-off phenomena (RR=0.27, 95% CI 0.11 to 0.66, P=0.004) and mental disorders (RR=0.24, 95% CI 0.06 to 0.92, P=0.04) but did not significantly reduce dyskinesia (RR=0.64, 95% CI 0.35 to 1.16, P=0.14). CONCLUSION Acupuncture combined with Madopar appears, to some extent, to improve clinical effectiveness and safety in the treatment of PD, compared with Madopar alone. This conclusion must be considered cautiously, given the quality of most of the studies included was low. Therefore, more high-quality, multicentre, prospective, RCTs with large sample sizes are needed to further clarify the effect of acupuncture combined with Madopar for PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongjie Liu
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lingxiu Chen
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhe Zhang
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Guozhu Geng
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wenjun Chen
- Department of Oncology, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi, Shandong, China
| | - Hanqiu Dong
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liang Chen
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Sha Zhan
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tianhao Li
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
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Liu H, Zhan S, Zhang Y, Ma Y, Chen L, Chen L, Dong H, Ma M, Zhang Z. Molecular network-based analysis of the mechanism of liver injury induced by volatile oils from Artemisiae argyi folium. Altern Ther Health Med 2017; 17:491. [PMID: 29145837 PMCID: PMC5691807 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-017-1997-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Background Volatile oils from Artemisiae argyi folium (VOAAF) is reported with hepatotoxicity, but the underlying mechanism is still unclear. Methods In the present study this molecular mechanism was explored with the Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA). The chemical components of the VOAAF were searched in the database, and their target proteins were all identified in the PubChem, while drug-induced liver injury (DILI) genes were searched in the PubMed gene databases. The molecular network of protein targets for VOAAF and DILI genes was built with the IPA. The canonical pathways between the 2 networks were compared to decipher the molecular mechanisms of the liver injury induced by VOAAF. Results There were 159 target proteins for VOAAF and 338 genes related to DILI identified, which were further analyzed in the IPA. The canonical pathway comparison showed that VOAAF and DILI both worked on aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR), lipopolysaccharide (LPS)/interleukin 1 (IL-1) mediated inhibition of retinoid X receptor (RXR) function, pregnane X receptor (PXR)/RXR activation, xenobiotic metabolism, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR), hepatic cholestasis, farnesoid X receptor (FXR)/RXR activation, and glucocorticoid receptor. Conclusion VOAAF-induced liver injury may be involved in many pathways in which the AHR signaling and LPS/IL-1 mediated inhibition of RXR function pathways could be the most vital. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi: 10.1186/s12906-017-1997-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Yang X, Qi F, Yang W, Guo C, Zhan S, Lu J. 0166 MOVEMENT IMPAIRMENT AND SLEEP DISORDER CAUSED BY BILATERAL GLOBUS PALLIDUS EXTERNUS (GPE) INJECTION OF COPPER IN RATS. Sleep 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/sleepj/zsx050.165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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19
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Guo C, Yang W, Zhan S, Yang X, Chen M, Fuller P, Lu J. 0120 SUPRA-SPINAL NEURAL CIRCUITRY REGULATING REST LEGS SYNDROME (RLS). Sleep 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/sleepj/zsx050.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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20
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Liu XJ, Xie L, Liu N, Zhan S, Zhou XG, Wang Q. RNA interference unveils the importance of Pseudotrichonympha grassii cellobiohydrolase, a protozoan exoglucanase, in termite cellulose degradation. Insect Mol Biol 2017; 26:233-242. [PMID: 27991709 DOI: 10.1111/imb.12287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Based on prior work, a cellulase from glycosyl hydrolase family 7 (GHF7) was identified and found to be expressed at a high level in Coptotermes formosanus. To determine the function of GHF7 family members in vivo, we used RNA interference (RNAi) to functionally analyse the exoglucanase gene Pseudotrichonympha grassii cellobiohydrolase gene (PgCBH), which was highly expressed in Pseudotrichonympha grassii, a flagellate found in the hindgut of C. formosanus. In this study, the expression level of PgCBH was down-regulated by RNAi, causing the death of P. grassii, but no effect was observed for other flagellates found in C. formosanus. RNAi also resulted in significantly reduced exoglucanase activity, and no effect was observed for endoglucanase and β-glucosidase activities. This result demonstrated that the PgCBH gene plays a role in the protist lignocellulolytic process and is also important for host survival. PgCBH can be used as a target gene and has potential as a bioinsecticide for use against termites.
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Affiliation(s)
- X-J Liu
- Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - L Xie
- Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - N Liu
- Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - S Zhan
- Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - X-G Zhou
- Department of Entomology, University of Kentucky, KY, USA
| | - Q Wang
- Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
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Xu P, Han N, Kang T, Zhan S, Lee KS, Jin BR, Li J, Wan H. SeGSTo, a novel glutathione S-transferase from the beet armyworm (Spodoptera exigua), involved in detoxification and oxidative stress. Cell Stress Chaperones 2016; 21:805-16. [PMID: 27230212 PMCID: PMC5003797 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-016-0705-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2016] [Revised: 05/18/2016] [Accepted: 05/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Members of the glutathione S-transferase superfamily can protect organisms against oxidative stress. In this study, we characterized an omega glutathione S-transferase from Spodoptera exigua (SeGSTo). The SeGSTo gene contains an open reading frame (ORF) of 744 nucleotides encoding a 248-amino acid polypeptide. The predicted molecular mass and isoelectric point of SeGSTo are 29007 Da and 7.74, respectively. Multiple amino acid sequence alignment analysis shows that the SeGSTo sequence is closely related to the class 4 GSTo of Bombyx mori BmGSTo4 (77 % protein sequence similarity). Homologous modeling and molecular docking reveal that Cys35 may play an essential role in the catalytic process. Additionally, the phylogenetic tree indicates that SeGSTo belongs to the omega group of the GST superfamily. During S. exigua development, SeGSTo is expressed in the midgut of the fifth instar larval stage, but not in the epidermis or fat body. Identification of recombinant SeGSTo via SDS-PAGE and Western blot shows that its molecular mass is 30 kDa. The recombinant SeGSTo was able to protect super-coiled DNA from damage in a metal-catalyzed oxidation (MCO) system and catalyze the 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (CDNB), but not 1,2-dichloro-4-nitrobenzene (DCNB), 4-nitrophenethyl bromide (4-NPB), or 4-nitrobenzyl chloride (4-NBC). The optimal reaction pH and temperature were 8 and 50 °C, respectively, in the catalysis of CDNB by recombinant SeGSTo. The mRNA expression of SeGSTo was up-regulated by various oxidative stresses, such as CdCl2, CuSO4, and isoprocarb, and the catalytic activity of recombinant SeGSTo was noticeably inhibited by heavy metals (Cu(2+) and Cd(2+)) and various pesticides. Taken together, these results indicate that SeGSTo plays an important role in the antioxidation and detoxification of pesticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Xu
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Ningning Han
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Tinghao Kang
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Sha Zhan
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Kwang Sik Lee
- College of Natural Resources and Life Science, Dong-A University, Busan, 604-714, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Rae Jin
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
- College of Natural Resources and Life Science, Dong-A University, Busan, 604-714, Republic of Korea
| | - Jianhong Li
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Hu Wan
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China.
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Wan H, Zhan S, Xia X, Xu P, You H, Jin BR, Li J. Identification and functional characterization of an epsilon glutathione S-transferase from the beet armyworm (Spodoptera exigua). Pestic Biochem Physiol 2016; 132:81-88. [PMID: 27521917 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2015.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2015] [Revised: 09/17/2015] [Accepted: 09/21/2015] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hu Wan
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Sha Zhan
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Xiangdong Xia
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Pengfei Xu
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Hong You
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Byung Rae Jin
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China; College of Natural Resources and Life Science, Dong-A University, Busan 604-714, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jianhong Li
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China.
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Wu L, Zhan S, Wang X, Lu H, Ye J, Jia J. Clinical and polysomnography characteristics of five Chinese patients with fatal familial insomnia. Sleep Med 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2015.02.132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Qu Z, Song J, Zhan S, Ma X. A Novel Broadly Applicable Risk Score for Predicting Mortality of Patients with Circulatory System Diseases within Hospitalization Duration. Value Health 2014; 17:A727. [PMID: 27202590 DOI: 10.1016/j.jval.2014.08.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Z Qu
- Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - J Song
- Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - S Zhan
- Peking University, Beijing, Beijing, China
| | - X Ma
- Peking University, Beijing, China
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Affiliation(s)
- J Yan
- Creativ-Ceutical, London, UK
| | - E Clay
- Creativ-Ceutical, Paris, France
| | | | - S Zhai
- The Third School of Clinical Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - S Zhan
- Peking University, Beijing, Beijing, China
| | - M Toumi
- University of Marseille, Marseille, France
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26
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Sun F, Wu S, Chai S, Yang Z, Yu K, Zhan S. Impact of Glp-1RA on Heart Rate, Blood Pressure and Hypertension Among Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis. Value Health 2014; 17:A719-A720. [PMID: 27202544 DOI: 10.1016/j.jval.2014.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- F Sun
- Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - S Wu
- Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - S Chai
- Capital Medical University, Beijing, Beijing, China
| | - Z Yang
- Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - K Yu
- Tianjin Fifth Central Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - S Zhan
- Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
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Wang J, Chen R, Tang S, Lv X, Wu S, Zhang Y, Yang Z, Xia Y, Chen D, Zhan S. Interleukin-4 and interleukin-10 polymorphisms and antituberculosis drug-induced hepatotoxicity in Chinese population. J Clin Pharm Ther 2014; 40:186-91. [DOI: 10.1111/jcpt.12223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2014] [Accepted: 09/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- J. Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics; School of Public Health; Peking University Health Science Centre; Beijing China
| | - R. Chen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics; School of Public Health; Peking University Health Science Centre; Beijing China
| | - S. Tang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics; School of Public Health; Nanjing Medical University; Nanjing China
| | - X. Lv
- Clinical Research Division; Peking University Institute of Mental Health; Key Laboratory for Mental Health; Ministry of Health; Beijing China
| | - S. Wu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics; School of Public Health; Peking University Health Science Centre; Beijing China
| | - Y. Zhang
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics; McMaster University; Hamilton ON Canada
| | - Z. Yang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics; School of Public Health; Peking University Health Science Centre; Beijing China
| | - Y. Xia
- Center for Tuberculosis Control and Prevention; Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention; Beijing China
| | - D. Chen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics; School of Public Health; Peking University Health Science Centre; Beijing China
| | - S. Zhan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics; School of Public Health; Peking University Health Science Centre; Beijing China
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Wan H, Kang T, Zhan S, You H, Zhu F, Lee KS, Zhao H, Jin BR, Li J. Peroxiredoxin 5 from common cutworm (Spodoptera litura) acts as a potent antioxidant enzyme. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2014; 175:53-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2014.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2014] [Revised: 06/24/2014] [Accepted: 06/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Huang Z, Li Y, Zhan S, Li N, Ding Y, Hou Y, Wang L, Wang Y. P1060: Suppressing cortical hyperexcitability of right parietal cortex by repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) relieved the anxiety symptom of patients with generalized anxiety disorder. Clin Neurophysiol 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/s1388-2457(14)50913-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Wang X, Zhan S, Wang Y, Wang P, Yu H, Yu J, Hu C. Facile synthesis and enhanced visible-light photocatalytic activity of Ag2S nanocrystal-sensitized Ag8W4O16 nanorods. J Colloid Interface Sci 2014; 422:30-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2014.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2013] [Revised: 02/08/2014] [Accepted: 02/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Yuan M, Lu Y, Zhu X, Wan H, Shakeel M, Zhan S, Jin BR, Li J. Selection and evaluation of potential reference genes for gene expression analysis in the brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens (Hemiptera: Delphacidae) using reverse-transcription quantitative PCR. PLoS One 2014; 9:e86503. [PMID: 24466124 PMCID: PMC3900570 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0086503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2013] [Accepted: 12/10/2013] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The brown planthopper (BPH), Nilaparvata lugens (Hemiptera, Delphacidae), is one of the most important rice pests. Abundant genetic studies on BPH have been conducted using reverse-transcription quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). Using qRT-PCR, the expression levels of target genes are calculated on the basis of endogenous controls. These genes need to be appropriately selected by experimentally assessing whether they are stably expressed under different conditions. However, such studies on potential reference genes in N. lugens are lacking. In this paper, we presented a systematic exploration of eight candidate reference genes in N. lugens, namely, actin 1 (ACT), muscle actin (MACT), ribosomal protein S11 (RPS11), ribosomal protein S15e (RPS15), alpha 2-tubulin (TUB), elongation factor 1 delta (EF), 18S ribosomal RNA (18S), and arginine kinase (AK) and used four alternative methods (BestKeeper, geNorm, NormFinder, and the delta Ct method) to evaluate the suitability of these genes as endogenous controls. We examined their expression levels among different experimental factors (developmental stage, body part, geographic population, temperature variation, pesticide exposure, diet change, and starvation) following the MIQE (Minimum Information for publication of Quantitative real time PCR Experiments) guidelines. Based on the results of RefFinder, which integrates four currently available major software programs to compare and rank the tested candidate reference genes, RPS15, RPS11, and TUB were found to be the most suitable reference genes in different developmental stages, body parts, and geographic populations, respectively. RPS15 was the most suitable gene under different temperature and diet conditions, while RPS11 was the most suitable gene under different pesticide exposure and starvation conditions. This work sheds light on establishing a standardized qRT-PCR procedure in N. lugens, and serves as a starting point for screening for reference genes for expression studies of related insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Yuan
- Laboratory of Pesticide, College of Plant Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yanhui Lu
- Laboratory of Pesticide, College of Plant Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xun Zhu
- Laboratory of Pesticide, College of Plant Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hu Wan
- Laboratory of Pesticide, College of Plant Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Muhammad Shakeel
- Laboratory of Pesticide, College of Plant Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Sha Zhan
- Laboratory of Pesticide, College of Plant Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Byung-Rae Jin
- Laboratory of Insect Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Department of Applied Biology, College of Natural Resources and Life Science, Dong-A University, Busan, Korea
| | - Jianhong Li
- Laboratory of Pesticide, College of Plant Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
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Zhu X, Yuan M, Shakeel M, Zhang Y, Wang S, Wang X, Zhan S, Kang T, Li J. Selection and evaluation of reference genes for expression analysis using qRT-PCR in the beet armyworm Spodoptera exigua (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). PLoS One 2014; 9:e84730. [PMID: 24454743 PMCID: PMC3893131 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0084730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2013] [Accepted: 11/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) is a reliable and reproducible technique for measuring and evaluating changes in gene expression. The most common method for analyzing qRT-PCR data is to normalize mRNA levels of target genes to internal reference genes. Evaluating and selecting stable reference genes on a case-by-case basis is critical. The present study aimed to facilitate gene expression studies by identifying the most suitable reference genes for normalization of mRNA expression in qRT-PCR analysis of the beet armyworm Spodoptera exigua (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). For this purpose, three software tools (geNorm, NormFinder and BestKeeper) were used to investigate 10 candidate reference genes in nine developmental stages and five different tissues (epidermis, head, midgut, fat body and hemolymph) in three larval physiological stages (molting, feeding and wandering stages) of, S. exigua. With the exception of 18S ribosomal RNA (18S), all other candidate genes evaluated, β-actin1(ACT1), β-actin2 (ACT2), elongation factor1(EF1), elongation factor 2 (EF2), Glyceralde hyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), ribosomal protein L10 (L10), ribosomal protein L17A (L17A), superoxide dismutase (SOD), α-tubulin (TUB),proved to be acceptable reference genes. However, their suitability partly differed between physiological stages and different tissues. L10, EF2 and L17A ranked highest in all tissue sample sets. SOD, ACT2, GAPDH, EF1 and ACT1 were stably expressed in all developmental stage sample sets; ACT2, ACT1 and L10 for larvae sample sets; GAPDH, ACT1 and ACT2 for pupae and adults; SOD and L17A for males; and EF2 and SOD for females. The expression stability of genes varied in different conditions. The findings provided here demonstrated, with a few exceptions, the suitability of most of the 10 reference genes tested in tissues and life developmental stages. Overall, this study emphasizes the importance of validating reference genes for qRT-PCR analysis in S. exigua.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xun Zhu
- Laboratory of Pesticide, College of Plant Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Department of Plant Protection, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Miao Yuan
- Laboratory of Pesticide, College of Plant Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Muhammad Shakeel
- Laboratory of Pesticide, College of Plant Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Youjun Zhang
- Department of Plant Protection, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shaoli Wang
- Department of Plant Protection, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Laboratory of Pesticide, College of Plant Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Sha Zhan
- Laboratory of Pesticide, College of Plant Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Tinghao Kang
- Laboratory of Pesticide, College of Plant Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jianhong Li
- Laboratory of Pesticide, College of Plant Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
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Wu S, Sun F, Zhang Y, Yang Z, Hong T, Chen Y, Zhan S. The cardiovascular effects of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists: a trial sequential analysis of randomized controlled trials. J Clin Pharm Ther 2013; 39:7-13. [PMID: 24127768 DOI: 10.1111/jcpt.12102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2013] [Accepted: 09/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
WHAT IS KNOWN AND OBJECTIVE Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists are a new class of antidiabetic drugs. Their wider use for the treatment of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus has led to concerns about its cardiovascular effects. However, the robustness of data leading to those concerns is unclear. The purpose of this study is to systematically assess the robustness of the available evidence on the adverse cardiovascular effects of GLP-1 receptor agonists in patients with type 2 diabetes. METHODS The Cochrane library, MEDLINE, EMBASE and www.clinicaltrials.gov were searched from inception through to 25 January 2013. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were selected if they compared GLP-1 receptor agonists with placebo or other drugs with a duration ≥12 weeks. Mantel-Haenszel odds ratio (MH-OR) of cardiovascular events with 95% confidence interval (CI) was estimated using a random effects model. Trial sequential analysis based on required information size with an assumption of plausible reductions in relative risk in the low-bias trials, 5% risk of a type I error and 20% risk of a type II error was used to explore the robustness of available evidence. RESULTS Fifty-eight trials were included in the analysis (10 466 patients receiving GLP-1 receptor agonists and 7138 patients receiving comparators, respectively). Overall, the OR for cardiovascular events with GLP-1 receptor agonists was 0·52 (95% CI: 0·27-0·99) compared with placebo and 0·84 (95% CI: 0·52-1·36) with active controls. Trial sequential analyses showed that the actual accumulated sample size was only 11% (7445 of 65 212) and 13% (10 157 of 79 198) of the required information size for placebo-controlled trials and active-controlled trials, respectively. These results indicate that there is still insufficient evidence on cardiovascular events. WHAT IS NEW AND CONCLUSION GLP-1 receptor agonists do not seem to show any increased risk of cardiovascular events However, the available data from RCTs remain insufficient to confirm an absence of detrimental effect. More long-term trials and population-based studies are required to provide the necessary reassurance on the cardiovascular safety of GLP-1 receptor agonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Wu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Centre, Beijing, China
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Wan H, Lee KS, Kim BY, Yuan M, Zhan S, Lu Y, You H, Li J, Jin BR. Developmental regulation and antifungal activity of a growth-blocking peptide from the beet armyworm Spodoptera exigua. Dev Comp Immunol 2013; 41:240-247. [PMID: 23732405 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2013.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2013] [Revised: 05/07/2013] [Accepted: 05/23/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Insect cytokine growth-blocking peptides (GBPs) are involved in growth regulation and the innate immune response. However, the microbial binding and antimicrobial activities of GBPs remain unclear. Here, we investigate the developmental role and antifungal activity of a GBP from the beet armyworm Spodoptera exigua (SeGBP). Sequence analysis predicted that mature SeGBP consists of 24 amino acid residues, including 2 cysteine residues. During S. exigua development, SeGBP is constitutively expressed in the fat body during the larval and adult stages but not in pupae. SeGBP expression is up-regulated by 20-hydroxyecdysone and down-regulated by juvenile hormone analog. Recombinant SeGBP purified from baculovirus-infected insect cells retards the growth of S. exigua larvae. Additionally, SeGBP expression is acutely induced in the fat body after injection with Escherichia coli, Bacillus thuringiensis, or Beauveria bassiana. Recombinant SeGBP can bind to B. bassiana but not to E. coli or B. thuringiensis. Consistent with these findings, SeGBP shows antifungal activity against B. bassiana. Therefore, these results provide insight into the role of SeGBP during the innate immune response following microbial infection, and furthermore, they suggest a novel function for SeGBP as a direct antifungal agent against entomopathogenic fungi, such as B. bassiana.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hu Wan
- Department of Plant Protection, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
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Wan H, Lee KS, Kim BY, Yuan M, Zhan S, You H, Li J, Jin BR. A spider (Araneus ventricosus) chymotrypsin inhibitor that acts as an elastase inhibitor and a microbial serine protease inhibitor. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2013; 165:36-41. [PMID: 23499942 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2013.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2013] [Revised: 03/05/2013] [Accepted: 03/05/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Spider-derived Kunitz-type serine protease inhibitors have been shown to exhibit plasmin and elastase inhibition activity and potassium channel blocking activity, but thus far, no additional roles for spider-derived chymotrypsin inhibitors have been elucidated. In this study, a spider (Araneus ventricosus) chymotrypsin inhibitor (AvCI) that acts as an elastase inhibitor and a microbial serine protease inhibitor was identified. AvCI is a 70-amino acid mature peptide that displays eight conserved cysteine residues and a P1 lysine residue. Recombinant AvCI expressed in baculovirus-infected insect cells demonstrated inhibitory activity against chymotrypsin (Ki 49.85 nM), but not trypsin, which defines a role for AvCI as a spider-derived chymotrypsin inhibitor. AvCI also exhibited inhibitory activity against microbial serine proteases such as subtilisin A (Ki 20.51 nM) and proteinase K (Ki 65.42 nM). Furthermore, AvCI exhibited no detectable inhibitory effects on factor Xa, thrombin, tissue plasminogen activator, or plasmin; however, AvCI strongly inhibited human neutrophil elastase (Ki 8.74 nM) and porcine pancreatic elastase (Ki 11.32 nM), indicating that AvCI acts as an anti-elastolytic factor. These findings constitute molecular evidence that AvCI acts as an inhibitor against chymotrypsin, microbial serine proteases, and elastases. This paper provides a novel view of the functions of a spider-derived chymotrypsin inhibitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hu Wan
- Department of Plant Protection, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, PR China
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Dong Z, Watts R, Sun Y, Zhan S, Colburn N. Progressive elevation of ap-1 activity during preneoplastic-to-neoplastic progression as modeled in mouse jb6 cell variants. Int J Oncol 2012; 7:359-64. [PMID: 21552848 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.7.2.359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The JB6 mouse epidermal cell system has been used extensively as an in vitro model for the study of tumor promotion and progression. The present study was directed to assessing the role of basal AP-1 activity in JB6 variants which represent preneoplastic to neoplastic progression and to addressing whether AP-1 activity is required for maintenance of the tumor phenotype. Constitutively higher AP-1 activity was found in tumorigenic JB6 RT101 cells than in later or earlier preneoplastic P+ or P- cells. Levels of c-jun mRNA and protein correlated with progression stage. Enhancement of AP-1 activity by TPA increased the formation of anchorage independent colonies by tumorigenic RT101 cells. Inhibition of AP-1 activity by retinoic acid or fluocinolone acetonide inhibited expression of tumor phenotype as measured by AI growth. These data together with our previous results suggest that in the JB6 model (i) basal levels of Jun and AP-1 appear to be important for preneoplastic-to-neoplastic progression; (ii) induced AP-1 appears to be required for further progression by tumor cells; (iii) constitutively elevated AP-I activity may be important for the expression of transformed phenotype; (iv) inhibition of AP-1 activity by RA or FA is not a general suppression of transcription but is gene-specific; and (v) even though both inhibition of AP-1 activity and activation of RARE-dependent or GRE-dependent gene transcription correlate with inhibition of AI growth in RT101 cells by RA or FA, transactivation of RARE or GRE might better correlate with the inhibition of AI growth than the inhibition of AP-1 activity in RT101 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Dong
- NCI,FREDERICK CANC RES & DEV CTR,SAIC,BIOL CARCINOGENESIS & DEV PROGRAM,FREDERICK,MD 21702. NCI,FREDERICK CANC RES & DEV CTR,VIRAL CARCINOGENESIS LAB,CELL BIOL SECT,FREDERICK,MD 21702
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Fu C, Ji L, Wang W, Luan R, Chen W, Zhan S, Xu B. Frequency of glycated hemoglobin monitoring was inversely associated with glycemic control of patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus. J Endocrinol Invest 2012; 35:269-73. [PMID: 21606668 DOI: 10.3275/7743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The frequency of monitoring glycated hemoglobin (HbA(1c)) and its impact on glycemic control of Chinese Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients have not been well understood. AIM To explore the current status of the glycemic control, the frequency of HbA(1c) monitoring, and their relationship in T2DM outpatients in urban China. SUBJECTS AND METHODS A cross-sectional study was carried out in 15 hospitals purposely sampled from 4 cities of China. T2DM outpatients were consecutively recruited, and underwent a face-to-face interview in outpatient consulting rooms using a self-developed structured questionnaire to collect information. All consented patients were invited to have a free HbA(1c) test. RESULTS Among 1511 subjects, the average level of HbA(1c) was 8.1±1.6% with the ideal percents of 13.6% and 24.8% (HbA(1c)<6.5% and <7.0%, respectively). Less than 1/3 (339/1157) had received 2 or more HbA(1c) tests per yr, and they had a significantly lower average of HbA(1c) than those having only 1 or no test per yr (F=5.012, p=0.007). After adjustment for possible confounders including age, gender, and city, there was a significantly inverse association with adjusted odds ratios of 2.56 [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.71, 3.86] and 1.67 (95% CI: 1.11, 2.50), respectively, between the frequency of monitoring HbA(1c) (null, once vs ≥2 times per yr) and worse glycemic control (HbA(1c)≥7.0%). CONCLUSIONS Glycemic control of T2DM outpatients was poor in urban China. Frequency of HbA(1c) monitoring is seriously insufficient in majority of patients. Lower frequency of HbA(1c) monitoring is significantly associated with poor glycemic control.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Fu
- School of Public Health, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
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Xu R, Lin G, Wang W, Liu M, Zhan S, Wang L, Zhang K, Zhang R, Li J. Application of an ELISA-elution assay to dissociate digoxin-antibody complexes in immunoaffinity chromatography. Scand J Immunol 2009; 71:55-60. [PMID: 20017811 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3083.2009.02333.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we used a modified enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)-elution technique as a screening tool to select specific elution conditions. We examined 12 different elution conditions for the removal of antibodies from a complex on an ELISA plate; 0.2 mol/l glycine-HCl (pH 2.5), 1.0 mol/l acetic acid (pH 2.5), 25% methanol (pH 2.5) and 3 mol/l NaSCN showed a higher elution efficiency. We conducted affinity chromatography with these four conditions for the purification of anti-digoxin antibodies from hyperimmune sera with a digoxin-specific column using omega-aminoalkyl derivatives of Sepharose 4B, whose elution efficiency was similar to that of ELISA. We also monitored the relative specific activities during elution from the digoxin-specific column. The optimum, general-purpose dissociation reagent for this immunoaffinity system was identified as 25% methanol (pH 2.5) with an elution efficiency and relative specific activity of 88.40% and 62.25%, respectively. The high purity of the purified antibodies was demonstrated with sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Xu
- Graduate School, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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Sun F, Chen Y, Xiang Y, Zhan S. Drug-metabolising enzyme polymorphisms and predisposition to anti-tuberculosis drug-induced liver injury: a meta-analysis. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2008; 12:994-1002. [PMID: 18713495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although some case-control studies have investigated the association between drug-metabolising enzyme (DME) gene polymorphisms and susceptibility to anti-tuberculosis drug-induced liver injury (ATLI), their results are conflicting, mainly due to limited power. OBJECTIVE To review the literature systematically, by means of a meta-analytical review, to evaluate the putative association and provide a quantitative summary estimate on the association with ATLI. DESIGN We searched the databases of MEDLINE, PubMed, EMBASE and CBMdisc from 1966 to May 2007 using 'DME', 'hepatotoxicity', 'genetic polymorphism', 'genetic susceptibility' in combination with 'antitubercular agents', performed a manual search of citations from relevant original studies and review articles, and corresponded with authors. RESULTS Nine eligible articles were included in this meta-analysis, including five on N-acetyltransferase 2 (NAT2), four on cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1) and two on glutathione S-transferase (GST) studies, separately. The overall ORs of ATLI risk associated with NAT2 homozygous variant genotype (mt/mt), CYP2E1 homozygous wild genotype (*1A/*1A), GSTM1 homozygous null genotype (null/null) and GSTT1 homozygous null genotype (null/null) were respectively 1.93 (95%CI 0.81-4.62), 2.22 (95%CI 1.06-4.66), 2.62 (95%CI 1.45-4.75) and 1.18 (95%CI 0.61-2.29). In addition, the OR for Asian ATLI associated with the NAT2 homozygous variant (mt/mt) and the combined genotype (w/w + w/mt) was 2.52 (95%CI 1.49-4.26). CONCLUSIONS NAT2 mt/mt, CYP2E1*1A/*1A and GSTM1 null/null were observed to increase the risk of ATLI in tuberculosis patients. Our results support the hypothesis that NAT2 mt, CYP2E1*1A and GSTM1 null have a modest effect on genetic susceptibility to ATLI, but no significant evidence for GSTT1 null/null.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Sun
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
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Wanguo Z, Xiaomin Z, Xiaofeng W, Feng J, Zhan S, Kuixin Z, Xiaodong Y, Xiaodong J, Jingqin S, Hai Z, Mingzhong L, Jianjun W, Dongxia H, Shaobo H, Yong X, Zhitao P, Bin F, Liangfu G, Xiaoqun L, Qihua Z, Haiwu Y, Yong Y, Dianyuan F, Weiyan Z. Status of the SG-III solid-state laser facility. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1088/1742-6596/112/3/032009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Xiang H, Li M, Yang F, Guo Q, Zhan S, Lin H, Miao X, Huang Y. Fine mapping of E(kp)-1, a locus associated with silkworm (Bombyx mori) proleg development. Heredity (Edinb) 2008; 100:533-40. [PMID: 18364737 DOI: 10.1038/hdy.2008.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The silkworm homeotic mutant E(kp) has a pair of rudimentary abdominal legs, called prolegs, in its A2 segment. This phenotype is caused by a single dominant mutation at the E(kp)-1 locus, which was previously mapped to chromosome 6. To explore the possible association of Hox genes with proleg development in the silkworm, a map-based cloning strategy was used to isolate the E(kp)-1 locus. Five E(kp)-1-linked simple sequence repeat markers on chromosome 6 were used to generate a low-resolution map with a total genetic distance of 39.5 cM. Four additional cleaved amplified polymorphic sequence markers were developed based on the initial map. The closest marker to E(kp)-1 was at a genetic distance of 2.7 cM. A high-resolution genetic map was constructed using nine BC1 segregating populations consisting of 2396 individuals. Recombination suppression was observed in the vicinity of E(kp)-1. Four molecular markers were tightly linked to E(kp)-1, and three were clustered with it. These markers were used to screen a BAC library. A single bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) clone spanning the E(kp)-1 locus was identified, and E(kp)-1 was delimited to a region less than 220 kb long that included the Hox gene abdominal-A and a non-coding locus, iab-4. These results provide essential information for the isolation of this locus, which may shed light on the mechanism of proleg development in the silkworm and possibly in Lepidoptera.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Xiang
- Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Center of Insect Science, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, P.R. China
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Abstract
With the renaissance of stereotactic pallidotomy for Parkinson's disease in 1990s, pallidotomy has become increasingly used as an effective treatment for various manifestations of medically refractory dystonia. More recently, deep brain stimulation of globus pallidus internus (GPi) has been replacing pallidotomy. Although GPi DBS has great promise for treating dystonia, there are some disadvantages. We introduce our experiences in subthalamic nucleus (STN) DBS for primary dystonia and tardive dystonia in this chapter. We propose that STN DBS has the following advantages over GPi DBS: (1) symptomatic improvement is seen immediately after stimulation, allowing us to quickly select the most suitable stimulation parameters; (2) the stimulation parameters for the STN are lower than those used for the GPi, resulting in longer battery life; and (3) STN DBS results in better symptomatic control than GPi DBS in dystonia patients when our STN data is compared to that obtained by others with using the GPi as the target. We suggest that STN DBS may be the most appropriate surgical technique for dystonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Sun
- Center for Functional Neurosurgery, Shanghai Jiao Ton University Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai, PR China.
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Guo J, Zhan S, Somers J, Westenbroek RE, Catterall WA, Roach DE, Sheldon RS, Lees-Miller JP, Li P, Shimoni Y, Duff HJ. Decrease in density of INa is in the common final pathway to heart block in murine hearts overexpressing calcineurin. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2006; 291:H2669-79. [PMID: 16751287 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.01247.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Overexpression of calcineurin in transgenic mouse heart results in massive cardiac hypertrophy followed by sudden death. Sudden deaths are caused by abrupt transitions from sinus rhythm to heart block (asystole) in calcineurin-overexpressing (CN) mice. Preliminary studies showed decreased maximum change in potential over time (d V/d tmax) of phase 0 of the action potential. Accordingly, the hypothesis was tested that decreased activity of the sodium channel contributes to heart block. Profound decreases in activity of sodium currents ( INa) paralleled the changes in action potential characteristics. Progressive age-dependent decreases were observed such that at 42–50 days of life little sodium channel function existed. However, this was not paralleled by decreased protein expression as assessed by immunocytochemistry or by Western blot. Since calcineurin can interact with the ryanodine receptor, we assessed whether chronic in vitro treatment with BAPTA-AM, thapsigargin, and ryanodine could rescue the decrease of INa. All of these treatments rescued INa to levels indistinguishable from wild type. The nonspecific PKC inhibitor bisindolylmaleimide I also rescued the decrease of INa. To assess whether decreased sodium channel activity contributes to sudden death in vivo, the response to encainide (20 mg/kg) was assessed: 6 of 10 young CN mice died because of asystole, whereas 0 of 10 wild-type mice died ( P < 0.01). Moreover, encainide produced exaggerated prolongation of the QRS width in sinus beats before the heart block. Catecholamine tone appears necessary to support life in older CN mice because propranolol (1 mg/kg) triggered asystolic death in five of six CN mice. We conclude that decrease in sodium channel activity is in the common final pathway to asystole in CN mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Guo
- Dept. of Cardiac Sciences, University of Calgary, AB, Canada T2N 4N1
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Zhang Z, Zhen J, Zhan S. [Adverse drug reaction and rational use of levofloxacin: a prospective study]. Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi 2001; 22:405-7. [PMID: 11851050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the rate of adverse drug reaction(ADR) and the rational use of levofloxacin among in-patients. METHOD All in-patients treated with levofloxacin were prospectively observed in 7 hospitals of Beijing. RESULTS One hundred and five ADR cases were found in 2,661 patients injected with levofloxacin. The ADR rate was 3.9% while 4.8% of them were classified as severe cases. All severe ADR cases had a nature of double infections. The ADR occurrence was related to older age, irrational drug use, combined medicine and allergic history. The rate of levofloxacin irrational use was 19.9%, especially in the elderly population, due to too long or too short course of treatments. CONCLUSION Levofloxacin is viewed as a safe injection in clinical practice, however, combined medicine and elderly patients should be paid more attention when on administration of this medication. The irrational use of levofloxacin was recognized as one of the main reasons causing the increase of ADR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Zhang
- School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100083, China
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Chen M, He H, Zhan S, Krajewski S, Reed JC, Gottlieb RA. Bid is cleaved by calpain to an active fragment in vitro and during myocardial ischemia/reperfusion. J Biol Chem 2001; 276:30724-8. [PMID: 11404357 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m103701200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 289] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Reperfusion after myocardial ischemia is associated with a rapid influx of calcium, leading to activation of various enzymes including calpain. Isolated perfused adult rabbit hearts subjected to global ischemia and reperfusion were studied. Calpain or a calpain-like activity was activated within 15 min after reperfusion, and preconditioning suppressed calpain activation. In contrast, caspase activation was not detected although cytochrome c was released after ischemia and reperfusion. The pro-apoptotic BH3-only Bcl-2 family member, Bid, was cleaved during ischemia/reperfusion in the adult rabbit heart. Recombinant Bid was cleaved by calpain to a fragment that was able to mediate cytochrome c release. The calpain cleavage site was mapped to a region within Bid that is extremely susceptible to proteolysis. These findings suggest that there is cross-talk between apoptotic and necrotic pathways in myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Chen
- Scripps Research Institute and the Burnham Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
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Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine the sensitivity of emergency ultrasound (US) for the detection of blunt splenic injury (BSI), and to describe sonographic parenchymal patterns. Over 3 years, 2138 emergency US were performed, and 162 patients had BSI. CT was performed for 76 patients, and there were 86 laparotomies. Seventy patients (43%) had concomitant intraabdominal injuries. Ultrasound detected free fluid in 109 patients (67%), and parenchymal injury in 31 patients (19%). There were 48 false negative US (30%). Sonographic patterns included a diffuse heterogeneous appearance, hyperechoic and hypoechoic perisplenic crescents, and discrete hypoechoic or hyperechoic areas within the spleen. Overall sensitivity of US for detection of BSI was 69%, but was 86% for grade III or higher injuries. Ultrasound is most sensitive for the detection of grade III or higher BSI based on the presence of haemoperitoneum. Ultrasound may also identify BSI on the basis of parenchymal abnormality, with a diffuse heterogeneous pattern most commonly encountered. Sonographic evaluation for both free fluid and parenchymal injury improves sensitivity of US.
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Affiliation(s)
- J R Richards
- Division of Emergency Medicine, University of California, Davis Medical Center, 2315 Stockton Boulevard, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA.
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Liu A, Zhan S, Li L. [The relationship of low density lipoprotein receptor gene polymorphism and hyperlipidemia]. Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi 2001; 22:30-3. [PMID: 11860839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the relationship of low density lipoprotein receptor gene polymorphism and hyperlipidemia in the population with essential hypertension. METHODS People with different lipid levels including 107 hyperlipidemia, 104 at margin level and 108 normal were recruited in the study. Their polymorphisms of LDL-R gene were analyzed using PCR-RFLP. RESULTS There were three kinds of genotype: (+/+), (+/-), (-/-). In male, the frequencies of the (+/-) in three study groups were shown as follows: 41.18% in hyperlipidemia, 46.15% in margin level, 19.05% in normal lipid. The frequency of (+) allele was significantly higher in hyperlipidemia than that in normal lipid (24.51%, 25.00% and 11.11%, respectively). In women, the differences were not statistically significant. The nonconditional univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis demonstrated that (+) allele of Ava II polymorphism of LDL-R was a genetic marker of male's hypercholesterolemia. CONCLUSIONS The frequency of (+/-) hyperlipidemia in males was higher than that in normal lipid group and the (+) allele in male hyperlipidemia was significantly more frequent seen than that in normal lipid group. These results suggested that polymorphisms of LDL-Rgene might play an independent role of risk factor for hyperlipidemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Liu
- Department of Epidemiology, Beijing Medical University, China
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Abstract
PURPOSE The objective of this article is to offer an overview of single subject designs and provide clinicians with information regarding the components of single subject designs and how they can be used in clinical and other rehabilitation environments. METHOD/RESULT Three basic designs in single subject research are presented, with corresponding examples illustrating each design. A review of visual and statistical analysis techniques commonly used in single subject designs is provided, and the advantages and limitations of each are noted. CONCLUSION Single subject designs are ideally suited for research in the rehabilitation practice environment. If properly applied, these designs can help establish the efficacy of rehabilitation practice and contribute to rehabilitation science.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Zhan
- State University of New York at Buffalo, 14214, USA.
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Liu A, Zhan S, Li L. [Relation between low density lipoprotein receptor gene polymorphism, blood lipids, obesity and hypertension]. Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi 2000; 21:460-2. [PMID: 15455471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- A Liu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, the Inner Mongolia Baotou Medical University, Baotuo 014010, China
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Abstract
PURPOSE To establish the size, configuration, and histopathologic features of acute, subacute, and chronic radio-frequency (RF) electrocautery of mammary tissue in swine. MATERIALS AND METHODS Eighteen RF treatments were performed in the mammary tissue of three domestic swine under ultrasonographic (US) guidance. Histopathologic examination was performed immediately after (acute animal); 2 weeks after (subacute animal); and 4 weeks after (chronic animal) treatment. RESULTS In the acute animal, lesions were firm nodules on palpation and had a distinct line of demarcation between necrotic and viable mammary tissue (mean lesion volume, 14.24 cm(3); largest volume, 29.06 cm(3)). In the subacute animal, there was diffuse coagulation necrosis with neutrophilic infiltrates at the periphery (mean lesion volume, 6.46 cm(3); largest volume, 9.47 cm(3)), and two treatment areas had a secondary bacterial infection. In the chronic animal, lesions were still palpable and firm (mean lesion volume, 11.67 cm(3); largest volume, 25.5 cm(3)), and five of six treatment sites had an area of gray to white fibrotic tissue that blended with the surrounding tissue. However, one site had a pale yellow area of central necrosis surrounded by a fibrotic area. In both the subacute and chronic animals, two and one treatment site, respectively, had minimal areas of skin necrosis. CONCLUSION RF ablation of breast tissue is feasible in this animal model. Problems included minimal skin erythema, residual firm treatment regions at 4 weeks, slightly variable margins of coagulation necrosis, and occasional bacterial infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- J P McGahan
- Department of Radiology, University of California-Davis Medical Center, Sacramento 95817, USA.
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