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Nardoni S, Mancianti F. Mycotic Diseases in Chelonians. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:jof9050518. [PMID: 37233230 DOI: 10.3390/jof9050518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Turtles and 'tortoises' populations are declining in number, the factors driving extinction risks being related to habitat loss and degradation, climate change, introduction of invasive plant and animal species, consumption by humans for food and medicinal use, and collection for international pet trade. Fungal infections represent one of the main threats for ecosystem health. The present narrative review deals with conventional and emerging mycoses of Chelonians. Although conventional mycoses in captive and pet reptiles would depend on poor husbandry, being the agents mostly opportunistic pathogens, some fungal species were reported to occur more frequently, such as the entomopathogen Purpureocillium lilacinum. Furthermore, emerging agents such as the Fusarium solani species complex have been recognized as a real threat for the surviving of some aquatic species, acting as primary pathogens. This complex has been recently included within pathogens in One Health issues. Emydomyces testavorans is recognized as an emerging threat, although, due its recent identification, information about its epidemiology is limited. Data about treatments and outcomes of mycoses in Chelonians are also referred.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Nardoni
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Università degli Studi di Pisa, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Francesca Mancianti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Università degli Studi di Pisa, 56124 Pisa, Italy
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2
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Ebani VV, Nardoni S, Mancianti F. Arthropod-Borne Pathogens in Wild Canids. Vet Sci 2023; 10:vetsci10020165. [PMID: 36851469 PMCID: PMC9964035 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci10020165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Wild canids, as well as other wild animal species, are largely exposed to bites by ticks and other hematophagous vectors where the features favoring their presence and spread are found in wooded and semi-wooded areas. Much of the information about arthropod-borne infections concerns domestic and companion animals, whereas data about these infections in wild canids are not exhaustive. The present study is a narrative review of the literature concerning vector-borne infections in wild canids, highlighting their role in the epidemiology of arthropod-borne bacteria and protozoa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Virginia Ebani
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Viale delle Piagge 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy
- Centre for Climate Change Impact, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy
- Interdepartmental Research Center “Nutraceuticals and Food for Health”, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-050-221-6968
| | - Simona Nardoni
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Viale delle Piagge 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Francesca Mancianti
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Viale delle Piagge 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy
- Interdepartmental Research Center “Nutraceuticals and Food for Health”, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy
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Al-Hmadi HB, Majdoub S, Chaabane-Banaoues R, Nardoni S, El Mokni R, Dhaouadi H, Piras A, Babba H, Porcedda S, Hammami S. Chemical composition, antifungal and antibiofilm activities of essential oils from Glycyrrhiza foetida (Desf.) growing in Tunisia. Biomed Chromatogr 2023; 37:e5596. [PMID: 36740815 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.5596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
This study was designated to investigate the chemical composition, the antifungal activity and antibiofilm properties of Glycyrrhiza foetida (Desf.) growing in Tunisia and recognized for its pharmacological and therapeutic effects. The chemical analysis of essential oil samples prepared via hydrodistillation of the aerial parts was performed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Moreover, the antifungal activity of G. foetida essential oil was developed against three dermatophyte strains, two molds and Candida spp. yeasts using the broth microdilution assay. According to the percentages, the main constituents are δ-cadinene (13.9%), (E)-caryophyllene (13.2%) and γ-cadinene (8.3%). The efficiency of the essential oil in inhibiting Candida albicans biofilms formation was also evaluated in terms of inhibitory percentages. The results showed that C. albicans and Microsporum canis were the most sensitive to G. foetida essential oil with a complete inhibition at 0.4 and 0.2 mg ml-1 , respectively. Candida albicans biofilm development was reduced by 80% by the volatile oil at a concentration of 0.8 mg ml-1 . The essential oil of G. foetida has a promising role in the control of fungal agents with medical interest and in inhibition of Candida biofilm development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hekmat B Al-Hmadi
- Research Unit LR21ES04, Environmental and Clean Processes Chemistry Faculty of Sciences of Monastir, Monastir University, Monastir, Tunisia.,Department of Chemistry, College of Medicine, AL-Muthanna University, Samawah, Iraq
| | - Siwar Majdoub
- Research Unit LR21ES04, Environmental and Clean Processes Chemistry Faculty of Sciences of Monastir, Monastir University, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Raja Chaabane-Banaoues
- LP3M: Laboratory of Medical and Molecular Parasitology-Mycology, B Clinical Biology Department Faculty of Pharmacy, 1 Avicenne Street, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Simona Nardoni
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Ridha El Mokni
- Laboratory of Botany, Cryptogamy and Plant Biology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences "A", Faculty of Pharmacy of Monastir BP 207, Avenue Avicenna, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Hatem Dhaouadi
- Research Unit LR21ES04, Environmental and Clean Processes Chemistry Faculty of Sciences of Monastir, Monastir University, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Alessandra Piras
- Department of Chemical and Geological Science, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, Monserrato, Italy
| | - Hamouda Babba
- LP3M: Laboratory of Medical and Molecular Parasitology-Mycology, B Clinical Biology Department Faculty of Pharmacy, 1 Avicenne Street, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Silvia Porcedda
- Department of Chemical and Geological Science, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, Monserrato, Italy
| | - Saoussen Hammami
- Research Unit LR21ES04, Environmental and Clean Processes Chemistry Faculty of Sciences of Monastir, Monastir University, Monastir, Tunisia
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Lambertini L, Di Maida F, Grosso A, Cadenar A, Nardoni S, Gallo M, Valastro F, Mari A, Minervini A. Florence Robotic Intracorporeal Neobladder (FloRIN) stentless configuration strategy, preliminary outcomes and step-by-step technique. Eur Urol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/s0302-2838(23)01363-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
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Ebani VV, Pieracci Y, Cagnoli G, Bertelloni F, Munafò C, Nardoni S, Pistelli L, Mancianti F. In Vitro Antimicrobial Activity of Thymus vulgaris, Origanum vulgare, Satureja montana and Their Mixture against Clinical Isolates Responsible for Canine Otitis Externa. Vet Sci 2023; 10:vetsci10010030. [PMID: 36669031 PMCID: PMC9864906 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci10010030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Otitis externa is a frequent inflammation among dogs, mainly caused by bacteria and yeasts that are often resistant to conventional drugs. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the in vitro antibacterial and antifungal activities of commercial essential oils (EOs) from Origanum vulgare, Satureja montana, and Thymus vulgaris, as well as a mixture of these three components, against 47 clinical bacterial strains (Staphylococcus sp., Streptococcus sp., Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Serratia marcescens) and 5 Malassezia pachydermatis strains, previously cultured from the ears of dogs affected by otitis externa. The tested Gram-positive bacteria were sensible to the analysed EOs with MICs ranging from 1.25% (v/v) to <0.0195% (v/v); Gram-negative isolates, mainly P. aeruginosa, were less sensitive with MICs from >10% (v/v) to 0.039% (v/v). M. pachydermatis isolates were sensitive to all EOs with MICs from 4.25% (v/v) to 2% (v/v). However, the mixture was active against all bacterial (except one P. aeruginosa strain) and fungal tested isolates. The three EOs and their mixture seem to be an interesting alternative for treating canine otitis externa when conventional antimicrobials are not active.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Virginia Ebani
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, 56124 Pisa, Italy
- Interdepartmental Research Center “Nutraceuticals and Food for Health” (NUTRAFOOD), University of Pisa, 56121 Pisa, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Ylenia Pieracci
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 56121 Pisa, Italy
| | - Giulia Cagnoli
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Chiara Munafò
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Simona Nardoni
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Luisa Pistelli
- Interdepartmental Research Center “Nutraceuticals and Food for Health” (NUTRAFOOD), University of Pisa, 56121 Pisa, Italy
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 56121 Pisa, Italy
| | - Francesca Mancianti
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, 56124 Pisa, Italy
- Interdepartmental Research Center “Nutraceuticals and Food for Health” (NUTRAFOOD), University of Pisa, 56121 Pisa, Italy
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Ebani VV, Trebino C, Guardone L, Bertelloni F, Cagnoli G, Nardoni S, Sel E, Wilde E, Poli A, Mancianti F. Occurrence of Bacterial and Protozoan Pathogens in Red Foxes (Vulpes vulpes) in Central Italy. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12202891. [PMID: 36290277 PMCID: PMC9598198 DOI: 10.3390/ani12202891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) are largely present in Italian wooded areas and often reach urban environments. These animals are susceptible to several bacterial and protozoan pathogens that are able to affect dogs and humans. Foxes may harbor arthropod-borne microorganisms, enteropathogens and leptospirae, and thus represent a potential source of infections for other animals. Previous surveys in fox populations have usually focused on few of these pathogens, whereas in the present investigation, the occurrence of several bacterial and protozoan pathogens have been investigated: Salmonella spp., Yersinia spp., Listeria monocytogenes, Brucella spp., Ehrlichia canis, Anaplasma phagocytophilum, Coxiella burnetii, Leptospira spp., Neospora caninum, Hepatozoon canis, Babesia spp. and microsporidia. Even though the survey was based on a small number of animals, the results suggested that red foxes in Central Italy are involved in the epidemiology of some infections. Abstract Most surveys of pathogens in red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) have focused on particular agents. The aim of this study was to verify, with bacteriological and molecular analyses, the occurrence of the main bacterial and protozoan pathogens that are able to infect canids, in red foxes regularly hunted in Central Italy. Spleen, brain, kidney and fecal samples from red foxes were submitted to bacteriological and/or molecular analyses to detect Salmonella spp., Yersinia spp., Listeria monocytogenes, Brucella spp., Ehrlichia canis, Anaplasma phagocytophilum, Coxiella burnetii, Leptospira spp., Neospora caninum, Hepatozoon canis, Babesia spp. and microsporidia. Two (9.1%) strains of Yersinia enterocolitica biotype 1 and 2 (9.1%) of Yersinia frederiksenii were isolated from 22 fecal samples. Among the 22 spleen samples, seven (31.8%) were PCR-positive for H. canis and 3 (13.6%) for Babesia vulpes. Kidneys from two (2.9%) foxes, among 71 tested, were PCR-positive for L. interrogans. Even though the analyses were carried out on a small number of animals, the results suggested that red foxes from the selected geographic area may act as reservoirs of some investigated pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Virginia Ebani
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Pisa, Viale delle Piagge 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy
- Centre for Climate Change Impact, University of Pisa, Viale delle Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Chiara Trebino
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Pisa, Viale delle Piagge 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Lisa Guardone
- Struttura Semplice Section of Genoa-Portualità, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d’Aosta, 16129 Genoa, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Bertelloni
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Pisa, Viale delle Piagge 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Giulia Cagnoli
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Pisa, Viale delle Piagge 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Simona Nardoni
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Pisa, Viale delle Piagge 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Emily Sel
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Pisa, Viale delle Piagge 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Emily Wilde
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Pisa, Viale delle Piagge 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Alessandro Poli
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Pisa, Viale delle Piagge 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Francesca Mancianti
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Pisa, Viale delle Piagge 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy
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Lambertini L, Di Maida F, Grosso A, Cadenar A, Nardoni S, Giudici S, Valastro F, Vannuccini S, Capezzuoli T, Fambrini M, Petraglia F, Mari A, Minervini A. Urinary tract endometriosis: how to predict and prevent recurrence after primary surgical excision. EUR UROL SUPPL 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/s2666-1683(22)01103-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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Lambertini L, Di Maida F, Grosso A, Cadenar A, Nardoni S, Gallo M, Mari A, Tuccio A, Vittori G, Minervini A. Florence Robotic Intracorporeal Neobladder (FloRIN) stentless configuration strategy, preliminary outcomes and step-by-step technique. EUR UROL SUPPL 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/s2666-1683(22)02249-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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9
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Mari A, Antonelli A, Tafuri A, Tellini R, Brunocilla E, Capitanio U, Di Maida F, Gontero P, Grosso A, Nardoni S, Li Marzi V, Longo N, Montorsi F, Porpiglia F, Porreca A, Rocco B, Simeone C, Schiavina R, Schips L, Siracusano S, Terrone C, Ficarra V, Carini M, Minervini A. Gender disparities in kidney surgery: A real-life snapshot for a large prospective, multicenter observational study (the RECORd2 Project). Eur Urol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/s0302-2838(22)01069-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Nardoni S, Mancianti F. Survey of Keratinophilic Fungi from Feathers of Birds in Tuscany. Biology (Basel) 2021; 10:biology10121317. [PMID: 34943235 PMCID: PMC8698596 DOI: 10.3390/biology10121317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Although keratinophilic fungi on avian feathers have been widely described, data from European literature are quite lacking regarding Mediterranean countries. The aim of the present study was therefore to evaluate the occurrence of fungal species on feathers of different avian species in Italy. A total of 378 feather samples from both aquatic (n = 254) and terrestrial birds (n = 124), for a total of 30 bird species, were cultured for keratinophilic fungi. Fungal isolates were recognized by their macro- and micro-scopical morphology, and results were corroborated by PCR and sequencing. Keratinophilic fungi belonging to 11 different species (Scopulariopsis brevicaulis, Chrysosporium keratinophilum, Trichophyton terrestre, Microsporum gypseum, Sepedonium sp., Chrysosporium pannorum, Myriodontium sp., Chrysosporium tropicum, Chrysosporium pruinosum, Chrysosporium luteum and Aphanoascus fulvescens) were isolated from 71 animals (18.8%). The frequency of isolation of keratinophilic species from terrestrial birds was significantly higher in waterfowl. Migratory birds in Italy have been proven to carry pathogenic fungi such as dermatophytes, (A. platyrhyncos, A. crecca, E. rubecula), besides saprophytic species.
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Grosso A, Tellini R, Verrienti P, Salvi M, Sessa F, Campi R, Di Maida F, Di Camillo M, Lambertini L, Mormile N, Nardoni S, Olivera L, Valastro F, Cangemi V, Viola L, Scelzi S, Mari A, Masieri L, Carini M, Minervini A, Tuccio A. Predictors of early catheter replacement after HoLEP: results from a high-volume laser center. EUR UROL SUPPL 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/s2666-1683(21)00799-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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Perrucci S, Salari F, Maestrini M, Altomonte I, Guardone L, Nardoni S, Molento MB, Martini M. Cyathostomin fecal egg count and milk quality in dairy donkeys. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 30:e028220. [PMID: 34076059 DOI: 10.1590/s1984-29612021046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
This study was performed to assess the possible relationship between gastrointestinal strongylid infections and milk quantity and quality in donkeys used for milk production. Individual fecal and milk samples were collected from 16 multiparous lactating jennies of Amiatina breed at their 6th month of lactation. Statistical analysis was carried out between strongylid eggs per gram of faeces (EPG) and milk parameters. All animals were found to shed cyathostomin eggs, with EPG ranging from 150 to 1900. A higher milk production was observed in animals showing an EPG< 250, but this result was statistically not significant. Conversely, significant higher concentrations of milk urea and pH values, and lower concentrations of milk lactose, were observed in jennies with an EPG >1000. In conclusion, results from this study suggest that cyathostomin EPG values > 1000 may affect milk quality in dairy donkeys. Considering the novelty of these findings, more data needs to be collected to determine EPG thresholds to be used as a good marker for parasite infections influencing milk performance and quality in donkeys.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Federica Salari
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | | | - Lisa Guardone
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Simona Nardoni
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Marcelo Beltrão Molento
- Laboratório de Parasitologia Clínica Veterinária, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Paraná - UFPR, Curitiba, PR, Brasil
| | - Mina Martini
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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Najar B, Nardi V, Cervelli C, Mancianti F, Nardoni S, Ebani VV, Pistelli L. Helichrysum araxinum Takht. ex Kirp. grown in Italy: volatiloma composition and in vitro antimicrobial activity. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 75:265-270. [PMID: 32619198 DOI: 10.1515/znc-2020-0025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
In the present work the composition of biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs) and the essential oil (EO) of Helichrysum araxinum Takht. ex Kirp. aerial parts, together with the antimicrobial activity, were investigated. The results showed the prevalence of sesquiterpene hydrocarbons in both spontaneous emissions as well as in the EO. The main compounds of BVOCs were γ-curcumene (10.7%), γ-muurolene (9.2%), and β-selinene (8.5%). This latter constituent also showed a similar amount in the EO and represented the most abundant compounds together with α-selinene (8.0%). It is Interesting to note the same percentage of monoterpene hydrocarbons (MHs) in both the aroma profile and the EO (18.0%) with the same most abundant compounds: β-pinene (6.3% in BVOCs vs. 5.1% in EO, respectively) and limonene (4.5% in VOCs vs. 4.9% in EO, respectively). With regard to the antimycotic activity, the EO showed to be inactive against the tested strains, while a moderate antibacterial activity was shown against Staphylococcus isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basma Najar
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Valeria Nardi
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Claudio Cervelli
- CREA-Centro di Ricerca Orticoltura e Florovivaismo, Corso Inglesi 508, 18038 Sanremo, Italy
| | - Francesca Mancianti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Università di Pisa, Viale delle Piagge 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy.,Centro Interdipartimentale di Ricerca Nutraceutica e Alimentazione per la Salute "Nutrafood", Università di Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Simona Nardoni
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Università di Pisa, Viale delle Piagge 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Valentina Virginia Ebani
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Università di Pisa, Viale delle Piagge 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy.,Centro Interdipartimentale di Ricerca Nutraceutica e Alimentazione per la Salute "Nutrafood", Università di Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Luisa Pistelli
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy.,Centro Interdipartimentale di Ricerca Nutraceutica e Alimentazione per la Salute "Nutrafood", Università di Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy
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Najar B, Mecacci G, Nardi V, Cervelli C, Nardoni S, Mancianti F, Ebani VV, Giannecchini S, Pistelli L. Volatiles and Antifungal-Antibacterial-Antiviral Activity of South African Salvia spp. Essential Oils Cultivated in Uniform Conditions. Molecules 2021; 26:2826. [PMID: 34068756 PMCID: PMC8126244 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26092826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Spontaneous emissions of S. dentata Aiton and S. scabra Thunb., as well as the essential oil (EO) composition of the cited species, together with S. aurea L., were investigated. The chemical profile of the first two species is reported here for the first time. Moreover, in vitro tests were performed to evaluate the antifungal activity of these EOs on Trichophyton mentagrophytes, Microsporum canis, Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger, and Fusarium solani. Secondly, the EO antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Staphylococcus pseudointermedius was examined, and their antiviral efficacy against the H1N1 influenza virus was assessed. Leaf volatile organic compounds (VOCs), as well as the EOs obtained from the arial part of Salvia scabra, were characterized by a high percentage of sesquiterpene hydrocarbons (97.8% and 76.6%, respectively), mostly represented by an equal amount of germacrene D (32.8% and 32.7%, respectively). Both leaf and flower spontaneous emissions of S. dentata, as well as the EO composition, showed a prevalence of monoterpenes divided into a more or less equal amount of hydrocarbon and oxygenated compounds. Interestingly, its EO had a non-negligible percentage of oxygenated sesquiterpenes (29.5%). S. aurea EO, on the contrary, was rich in sesquiterpenes, both hydrocarbons and oxygenated compounds (41.5% and 33.5%, respectively). S. dentata EO showed good efficacy (Minimal Inhibitory Concentration (MIC): 0.5%) against M. canis. The tested EOs were not active against E. coli and S. aureus, whereas a low inhibition of S. dentata EO was observed on S. pseudointermedius (MIC = 10%). Once again, S. dentata EO showed a very good H1N1 inhibition; contrariwise, S. aurea EO was completely inactive against this virus. The low quantity of S. scabra EO made it impossible to test its biological activity. S. dentata EO exhibited interesting new perspectives for medicinal and industrial uses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basma Najar
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno Pisano 33, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (G.M.); (V.N.); (L.P.)
| | - Giulia Mecacci
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno Pisano 33, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (G.M.); (V.N.); (L.P.)
| | - Valeria Nardi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno Pisano 33, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (G.M.); (V.N.); (L.P.)
| | - Claudio Cervelli
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA), Corso Inglesi 508, 18038 Sanremo, Italy;
| | - Simona Nardoni
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Viale delle Piagge 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (S.N.); (F.M.); (V.V.E.)
| | - Francesca Mancianti
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Viale delle Piagge 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (S.N.); (F.M.); (V.V.E.)
- Interdepartmental Research Center “Nutraceutical and Food for Health”, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto, 80, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Valentina Virginia Ebani
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Viale delle Piagge 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (S.N.); (F.M.); (V.V.E.)
- Interdepartmental Research Center “Nutraceutical and Food for Health”, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto, 80, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Simone Giannecchini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Viale Morgagni 48, 50134 Florence, Italy;
| | - Luisa Pistelli
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno Pisano 33, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (G.M.); (V.N.); (L.P.)
- Interdepartmental Research Center “Nutraceutical and Food for Health”, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto, 80, 56126 Pisa, Italy
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15
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Ebani VV, Nardoni S, Bertelloni F, Pollera C, Pistelli L, Mancianti F. In vitro antimicrobial activity of selected essential oils against bacteria and yeasts isolated from the genital tract of mares. Nat Prod Res 2021; 36:2648-2653. [PMID: 33949251 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2021.1915307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study, the first to test clinical equine isolates, was to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of commercial essential oils (EOs) obtained from Origanum vulgare, Thymus vulgaris, Cinnamomum zeylanicum, Cymbopogon citratus, Aloysia triphylla and Syzygium aromaticum against Streptococcus spp., Staphylococcus spp., Candida albicans and Rhodotorula spp. previously isolated from uteri of mares with reproductive disorders. T. vulgaris showed the best antibacterial activity against all the selected agents, with MICs ranging from 0.07 mg/mL for S. equi subsp. zooepidemicus to 0.29 mg/mL versus Streptococcus sp. and Staphylococcus spp. isolates and versus C. albicans and Rhodotorula spp., with MICs of 0.46 mg/mL and 1.86 mg/mL, respectively. O. vulgare, S. aromaticum, C. zeylanicum EOs showed good antibacterial activity with MICs ranging from 0.07 mg/mL to 0.29 mg/mL, 0.16 mg/mL to 0.32 mg/mL, 0.07 mg/mL to 0.63 mg/mL, respectively; A. triphylla was the most active EO against Rhodotorula spp. (0.43 mg/mL).
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Virginia Ebani
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.,Interdepartmental Research Center 'Nutraceuticals and Food for Health', University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Simona Nardoni
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Claudia Pollera
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Milano, Lodi, Italy
| | - Luisa Pistelli
- Interdepartmental Research Center 'Nutraceuticals and Food for Health', University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.,Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Francesca Mancianti
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.,Interdepartmental Research Center 'Nutraceuticals and Food for Health', University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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16
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Debbabi H, El Mokni R, Nardoni S, Chaieb I, Maggi F, Nzekoue FK, Caprioli G, Hammami S. Chemical diversity and biological activities of essential oils from native populations of Clinopodium menthifolium subsp. ascendens (Jord.) Govaerts. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2021; 28:13624-13633. [PMID: 33190203 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-11523-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This study is focused on the analysis of regional variation of the chemical compositions of three Clinopodium menthifolium subsp. ascendens (Jord.) Govaerts Tunisian accession, as well as their inhibition toward fungi and insect pests. The diversity of the chemical constituents and biological activities in front of the aforementioned variations was found to be remarkable. Essential oils were obtained by hydrodistillation of the aerial parts and analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). A total of 41, 42, and 30 compounds were identified respectively from Clinopodium menthifolium essential oils harvested from three Tunisian regions, namely Ain-Draham (ADEO), Babouch (BEO), and Tabarka (TEO). All analyzed oils were rich in oxygenated monoterpenes with different major constituents. Piperitenone (34.5%), cis-piperitone oxide (26.1%), and pulegone (47.9%) were the dominant compounds in the three volatile oils, respectively. The antifungal activity was investigated in vitro using six targeted fungal strains (Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus terreus, Candida albicans, Microsporum canis, Microsporum gypseum, and Trichophyton mentagrophytes). The toxicity and repellency of essential oils were evaluated against the stored product pest Tribolium confusum. The tested samples were differently effective toward the target fungi and the pest depending on the variability of their chemical compositions. BEO exhibited the highest fungitoxic properties toward A. terreus mold, M. canis dermatophyte, and C. albicans yeast (the MIC values ranged from 40 to 400 μg mL-1). In addition, the data showed that TEO repelled T. confusum moderately (PR = 42.5% at 2 h after exposure). Concerning the contact treatment, both ADEO and BEO were proved to possess slightly toxic effects toward T. confusum pest (% of mortality 27.5-32.5% at 5% concentration). The results showed that the geographic origin greatly influenced the chemical composition and the associated bioactivities of Clinopodium menthifolium subsp. ascendens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haïfa Debbabi
- Research Unit 13ES63, Applied Chemistry and Environment, Faculty of Sciences of Monastir, University of Monastir, 5000, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Ridha El Mokni
- Department Pharmaceutical Sciences "A", Laboratory of Botany, Cryptogamy and Plant Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy of Monastir, University of Monastir, BP 207 Avenue Avicenna, 5000, Monastir, Tunisia
- IRESA, Laboratory of Forest Ecology, I.N.R.G.R.E.F, BP N°10, 2080, Ariana, Tunisia
| | - Simona Nardoni
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Università degli Studi di Pisa, 56124, Pisa, PI, Italy
| | - Ikbal Chaieb
- Regional Centre of Research on Horticulture and Organic Agriculture, University of Sousse, 57, Chott Mariem, TN-4042, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Filippo Maggi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Franks Kamgang Nzekoue
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Giovanni Caprioli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Saoussen Hammami
- Research Unit 13ES63, Applied Chemistry and Environment, Faculty of Sciences of Monastir, University of Monastir, 5000, Monastir, Tunisia.
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17
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Ebani VV, Guardone L, Marra F, Altomonte I, Nardoni S, Mancianti F. Arthropod-Borne Pathogens in Stray Cats from Northern Italy: A Serological and Molecular Survey. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:E2334. [PMID: 33302522 PMCID: PMC7764348 DOI: 10.3390/ani10122334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cats may be affected by a wide range of arthropod-borne pathogens (ABPs) of medical and veterinary interest. Between February 2018 and October 2019, 85 blood samples were collected from stray cats from the Emilia Romagna region (northern Italy). Ticks (n = 28) on the examined cats were also collected. Serological and molecular methods were applied to search for infection by Anaplasma phagocytophilum, Bartonella henselae, Coxiella burnetii, Ehrlichia canis, Leishmania spp., Babesia spp., Hepatozoon spp., and Cytauxzoon spp. A total of 71 sera (83.5%) had antibodies to at least one investigated pathogen: 39 (45.9%) were positive for B. henselae, 32 (37.6%) positive for C. burnetii, 12 (14.1%) positive for E. canis, four (4.7%) positive for A. phagocytophilum, and two (2.4%) positive for Leishmania spp. A total of 47 (55.3%) DNA samples were positive by PCR for at least one investigated pathogen: 25 (29.4%) were positive for C. burnetii, 23 (27.1%) positive for B. henselae, two (2.4%) positive for E. canis, five (5.9%) positive for Leishmania spp., and two (2.4%) positive for Cytauxzoon spp. Coinfections were observed in 21 cats (24.7%). No positivity was found for A. phagocytophilum, Babesia spp., or Hepatozoon spp. All ticks were negative. A widespread presence of ABPs in the investigated area of northern Italy was shown. Accurate information on their prevalence may be relevant for feline veterinary medicine, as well as from a One Health perspective.
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18
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Elaissi A, Elsharkawy E, El Mokni R, Debbabi H, Brighenti V, Nardoni S, Pellati F, Hammami S. Chemical composition, antifungal and antiproliferative activities of essential oils from Thymus numidicus L. Nat Prod Res 2020; 35:5888-5893. [PMID: 32748632 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2020.1800697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
In this study, Thymus numidicus Poir. plant material was collected from two different locations in north-western Tunisia and the aerial parts essential oils (EOs) were extracted via hydro-distillation. Gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and flame ionisation detection (GC-FID) were used for the qualitative analysis and quantification of the volatile constituents. Thymol (50.1-52.8%) was identified as the main compound of both EOs. To evaluate the potential application of the EOs as antifungal agents, the in vitro inhibitory effects were tested against six fungal strains; a strong antifungal activity of one sample was observed (MIC = 40-400 µg/mL). The in vitro antiproliferative activity was investigated on two human cancer cell lines, i.e. the colonic (HCT116) and breast adenocarcinoma (MCF7) using the colourimetric MTT assay. Again, the same sample demonstrated to possess good antiproliferative activity against both cancer cell lines, with IC50 values of 26.9 and 11.7 µg/mL, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ameur Elaissi
- Chemical, Pharmacological and Galenic Development Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Eman Elsharkawy
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Northern Border University, Arar, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Ecophysiology, Desert Research Center, Mathaf El-Mataria, Egypt
| | - Ridha El Mokni
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences "A", Laboratory of Botany, Cryptogamy and Plant Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy of Monastir BP, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia.,Department of Silvo-Pastoral Resources, Laboratory of Research in Silvo-Pastoral Resources, Silvo-Pastoral Institute of Tabarka, University of Jendouba, Jendouba, Tunisia.,IRESA, Laboratory of Forest Ecology, INRGREF, Ariana, Tunisia
| | - Haïfa Debbabi
- Research Unit 13ES63, Applied Chemistry and Environment, Faculty of Sciences of Monastir, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Virginia Brighenti
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Simona Nardoni
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Università degli Studi di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Federica Pellati
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Saoussen Hammami
- Research Unit 13ES63, Applied Chemistry and Environment, Faculty of Sciences of Monastir, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
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19
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Giovanelli S, Ciccarelli D, Giusti G, Mancianti F, Nardoni S, Pistelli L. Comparative assessment of volatiles in juices and essential oils from minor
Citrus
fruits (Rutaceae). FLAVOUR FRAG J 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ffj.3603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Giulia Giusti
- Dipartimento di Farmacia Università di Pisa Pisa Italy
| | - Francesca Mancianti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie Università di Pisa Pisa Italy
- Centro Interdipartimentale di Ricerca Nutraceutica e Alimentazione per la Salute ‘NUTRAFOOD’ Università di Pisa Pisa Italy
| | - Simona Nardoni
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie Università di Pisa Pisa Italy
| | - Luisa Pistelli
- Dipartimento di Farmacia Università di Pisa Pisa Italy
- Centro Interdipartimentale di Ricerca Nutraceutica e Alimentazione per la Salute ‘NUTRAFOOD’ Università di Pisa Pisa Italy
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20
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Najar B, Nardi V, Cervelli C, Mecacci G, Mancianti F, Ebani VV, Nardoni S, Pistelli L. Volatilome Analyses and In Vitro Antimicrobial Activity of the Essential Oils from Five South African Helichrysum Species. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25143196. [PMID: 32668716 PMCID: PMC7397169 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25143196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Helichrysum genus was used in folk South African medicine to treat various human disorders. As a part of our on-going research addressing the exploitation of South African plants belonging to this genus, five species were investigated for their volatile and antimicrobial activities. The volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and the essential oils (EOs) were analysed by gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Microdilution was the method used for assessing both antimycotic and antibacterial activities, which was also tested by Kirby-Bauer agar disc diffusion. Total monoterpenes (TMs) dominated the VOCs of four species (H. trilineatum (70.6%), H. edwardsii (79.3%), H. cooperi (84.5%), and H. pandurifolium (57.0%)). H. cooperi and H. edwardsii EOs showed the predominance of TMs (68.2% and 84.5%, respectively), while H. pandurifolium and H. trilineatum EOs were characterized by the prevalence of TSs (86.5% and 43.6%, respectively). H. odoratissimum EO evidenced a similar amount of both TMs (49.5%) and TSs (46.4%). Microsporum canis was more sensitive to these EOs. The lowest minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was observed with H. pandurifolium and H. edwardsii EOs (0.25%). H. pandurifolium and H. trilineatum had a good effect on Staphylococcus aureus (MIC 5%). These findings open new perspectives for the exploitation of these natural compounds for application in cosmetics and pharmaceutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basma Najar
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (V.N.); (G.M.); (L.P.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Valeria Nardi
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (V.N.); (G.M.); (L.P.)
| | - Claudio Cervelli
- CREA-Centro di Ricerca Orticoltura e Florovivaismo, Corso Inglesi 508, 18038 Sanremo, Italy;
| | - Giulia Mecacci
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (V.N.); (G.M.); (L.P.)
| | - Francesca Mancianti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Università di Pisa, Viale delle Piagge 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (F.M.); (V.V.E.); (S.N.)
- Centro Interdipartimentale di Ricerca Nutraceutica e Alimentazione per la Salute “Nutrafood”, Università di Pisa, Via del Borgetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Valentina Virginia Ebani
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Università di Pisa, Viale delle Piagge 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (F.M.); (V.V.E.); (S.N.)
- Centro Interdipartimentale di Ricerca Nutraceutica e Alimentazione per la Salute “Nutrafood”, Università di Pisa, Via del Borgetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Simona Nardoni
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Università di Pisa, Viale delle Piagge 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (F.M.); (V.V.E.); (S.N.)
| | - Luisa Pistelli
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (V.N.); (G.M.); (L.P.)
- Centro Interdipartimentale di Ricerca Nutraceutica e Alimentazione per la Salute “Nutrafood”, Università di Pisa, Via del Borgetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy
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21
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Debbabi H, El Mokni R, Chaieb I, Nardoni S, Maggi F, Caprioli G, Hammami S. Chemical Composition, Antifungal and Insecticidal Activities of the Essential Oils from Tunisian Clinopodium Nepeta Subsp. nepeta and Clinopodium Nepeta Subsp. Glandulosum. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25092137. [PMID: 32370305 PMCID: PMC7249092 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25092137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The present investigation was focused on the study of the chemical composition variability and biological activities of the essential oils from Clinopodium nepeta subsp. nepeta and subsp. glandulosum. Essential oils extraction was performed using hydrodistillation and the separation of the constituents was carried out by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Antifungal activities were tested against Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus terreus, Microsporum canis, Microsporum gypseum, Trichophyton mentagrophytes, and Candida albicans. Toxicity and repellency were evaluated against the stored product pests Tribolium confusum and Sitophilus zeamais. Both essential oils were characterized by a high content of oxygenated monoterpenes. Piperitone ranks first in the subspecies nepeta and piperitenone oxide is the dominant constituent in the subspecies glandulosum. All tested samples displayed noteworthy antifungal properties, with the highest activity observed for the essential oil of C. nepeta subsp. glandulosum, collected in Béni-M'tir, against T. mentagrophytes (MIC = 40 µg/mL). The essential oil samples of C. nepeta subsp. glandulosum were strongly repellent to the insect species (PR > 80%, after 2h) and highly toxic to S. zeamais reaching 97.5%-100% mortality after 24 h of exposure. In conclusion, this study showed considerable intra-specific changes in the quality of C. nepeta essential oils, which is reflected in different rates of antifungal and insecticidal activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haïfa Debbabi
- Research Unit 13ES63, Applied Chemistry and Environment, Faculty of Sciences of Monastir, University of Monastir, 5000 Monastir, Tunisia; (H.D.); (S.H.)
| | - Ridha El Mokni
- Department Pharmaceutical Sciences “A”, Laboratory of Botany, Cryptogamy and Plant Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy of Monastir BP 207, Avenue Avicenna, University of Monastir, 5000 Monastir, Tunisia;
- Department of Silvo-Pastoral Resources, Laboratory of Research in Silvo-Pastoral Resources, Silvo-Pastoral Institute of Tabarka, BP. 345, University of Jendouba, Tabarka 8110, Tunisia
- IRESA, Laboratory of Forest Ecology, I.N.R.G.R.E.F, BP N°10, Ariana 2080, Tunisia
| | - Ikbal Chaieb
- Research unit UR13AGR09, Regional Center for Research in Horticulture and Organic Agriculture, Chott Mariem, University of Sousse, TN-4042 Sousse, Tunisia;
| | - Simona Nardoni
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Università degli Studi di Pisa, 56124 Pisa, Italy;
| | - Filippo Maggi
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy;
| | - Giovanni Caprioli
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy;
- Correspondence:
| | - Saoussen Hammami
- Research Unit 13ES63, Applied Chemistry and Environment, Faculty of Sciences of Monastir, University of Monastir, 5000 Monastir, Tunisia; (H.D.); (S.H.)
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22
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Maestrini M, Nardoni S, Mancianti F, Mancini S, Perrucci S. In Vitro Inhibiting Effects of Three Fungal Species on Eggs of Donkey Gastrointestinal Strongyles. Vet Sci 2020; 7:vetsci7020053. [PMID: 32344915 PMCID: PMC7357117 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci7020053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, donkeys have gained popularity mainly due to the use of donkey milk by the cosmetic industry and for human consumption. Gastrointestinal strongyles (GIS) are considered a potential cause of disease and reduced production in infected donkeys. European laws limit the use of anthelmintic drugs for the control of GIS in dairy donkey farms, thus the need to develop alternative control methods. This study aimed to test the in vitro inhibiting effects of three chitin degrading fungi (Scopulariopsis brevicaulis, Metarhizium anisopliae, and Beauveria bassiana) on the hatch and viability of donkey GIS eggs by using the egg hatch test, and to compare their activity to that of Pochonia chlamydosporia. About 150 eggs were added to 0.5 mL of sterile saline solution containing about 1.4 × 108 spores of each fungal species or with 0.5 mL of sterile saline solution only (untreated controls). After incubation, the percentage of egg hatch reduction was calculated, and data were statistically analyzed. All fungi were able to significantly reduce (p < 0.05) the hatch of GIS eggs compared to the untreated controls. Further studies that aim to investigate the efficiency of these fungi in reducing donkey GIS eggs in contaminated environments are encouraged.
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23
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Guardone L, Ebani VV, Verin R, Nardoni S, Consolazione A, Bennett M, Mancianti F. Molecular Detection of Arthropod-Borne Pathogens in Eurasian Badgers ( Meles meles) from the United Kingdom. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:E446. [PMID: 32155963 PMCID: PMC7143893 DOI: 10.3390/ani10030446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Arthropod-borne diseases (ABD) are of increasing interest in veterinary and public health. Eurasian badgers (Meles meles) are known to harbor a wide range of pathogens, but information on their role as ABD reservoirs and their potential epidemiological relevance is limited. This study aimed to investigate the occurrence of arthropod-borne pathogens, specifically piroplasmids and the bacteria Anaplasma phagocytophilum, Ehrlichia canis, Coxiella burnetii, Francisella tularensis and Bartonella spp., in badgers from Great Britain (GB). Blood and heart samples from 18 badgers were examined using PCR and sequencing. A neighbour-joining (NJ) phylogram was also produced. Nine animals tested positive for Babesia sp., while none of the samples was positive for the investigated bacteria. The sequences obtained clustered with other sequences of Babesia sp. from badgers from GB and elsewhere, including China, Hungary, Spain and Italy, showing a widespread distribution of this parasite in badgers. Badger-associated Babesia DNA was also found recently in a wild cat in Bosnia Herzegovina, in a wolf in Italy and in dogs in Hungary. Further investigations are needed to understand the epidemiology of this putative pathogen and its impact on the health of wild and domestic carnivores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Guardone
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Viale delle Piagge 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (L.G.); (S.N.); (A.C.); (F.M.)
| | - Valentina Virginia Ebani
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Viale delle Piagge 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (L.G.); (S.N.); (A.C.); (F.M.)
| | - Ranieri Verin
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padova, Viale dell’Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, Padova, Italy;
| | - Simona Nardoni
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Viale delle Piagge 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (L.G.); (S.N.); (A.C.); (F.M.)
| | - Antonio Consolazione
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Viale delle Piagge 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (L.G.); (S.N.); (A.C.); (F.M.)
| | - Malcolm Bennett
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, LE12 5RD, UK;
| | - Francesca Mancianti
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Viale delle Piagge 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (L.G.); (S.N.); (A.C.); (F.M.)
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24
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Ebani VV, Bertelloni F, Najar B, Nardoni S, Pistelli L, Mancianti F. Antimicrobial Activity of Essential Oils against Staphylococcus and Malassezia Strains Isolated from Canine Dermatitis. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8020252. [PMID: 32069976 PMCID: PMC7074795 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8020252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus spp. bacteria are the most frequently involved agents in canine cutaneous infections. Treatment of these infections is based on antibiotic therapy, that often is not effective because of the antibiotic-resistance of the bacterial strains. Cutaneous staphylococcal infections are often complicated by Malassezia yeasts, that may be resistant to the conventional antifungal drugs. The present investigation was aimed to evaluate the in vitro antimicrobial activity of some essential oils (EOs) in view of a potential cutaneous application. In detail, EOs obtained from lemon verbena (Aloysia triphylla L'Hèr. Britton), cinnamon (Cinnamomum zeylanicum J. Presl), myrrh (Commiphora myrrha (Nees) Engl. var. molmol), lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus (DC.) Stapf), litsea (Litsea cubeba (Lour.) Pers.), lemon balm (Melissa officinalis L.), oregano (Origanum vulgare L.), savory (Satureja montana L.), and thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.) were assayed against Staphylococcus spp. and Malassezia pachydermatis strains previously isolated from dogs with dermatitis. All EOs were tested by agar disk diffusion and minimum inhibitory concentration methods to verify the antistaphylococcal activity, and by a microdilution method to evaluate the activity against M. pachydermatis. O. vulgare, T. vulgaris, and S. montana showed the best antibacterial activity against all the selected strains, with MICs ranging from 0.29 to 0.58 mg/mL, from 0.58 to 1.16 mg/mL, and from 0.56 to 1.12 mg/mL, respectively, whereas A. triphylla (1.03 mg/mL) and S. montana (1.8 mg/mL) were the most active against M. pachydermatis. After a proper in vivo evaluation, O. vulgare, T. vulgaris, and S. montana EOs could be a promising treatment to combat canine cutaneous mixed infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Virginia Ebani
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Pisa, Viale delle Piagge 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (F.B.); (S.N.); (F.M.)
- Centro Interdipartimentale di Ricerca “Nutraceutica e Alimentazione per la Salute”, University of Pisa, via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-05-0221-6968
| | - Fabrizio Bertelloni
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Pisa, Viale delle Piagge 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (F.B.); (S.N.); (F.M.)
| | - Basma Najar
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy;
| | - Simona Nardoni
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Pisa, Viale delle Piagge 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (F.B.); (S.N.); (F.M.)
| | - Luisa Pistelli
- Centro Interdipartimentale di Ricerca “Nutraceutica e Alimentazione per la Salute”, University of Pisa, via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy;
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy;
| | - Francesca Mancianti
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Pisa, Viale delle Piagge 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (F.B.); (S.N.); (F.M.)
- Centro Interdipartimentale di Ricerca “Nutraceutica e Alimentazione per la Salute”, University of Pisa, via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy;
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Gambino D, Persichetti MF, Gentile A, Arculeo M, Visconti G, Currò V, Caracappa G, Crucitti D, Piazza A, Mancianti F, Nardoni S, Vicari D, Caracappa S. First data on microflora of loggerhead sea turtle ( Caretta caretta) nests from the coastlines of Sicily. Biol Open 2020; 9:bio045252. [PMID: 31915211 PMCID: PMC6994955 DOI: 10.1242/bio.045252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Caretta caretta is threatened by many dangers in the Mediterranean basin, but most are human-related. The purposes of this research were: (i) to investigate microflora in samples from six loggerhead sea turtle nests located on the Sicilian coast and (ii) to understand microbial diversity associated with nests, with particular attention to bacteria and fungi involved in failed hatchings. During the 2016 and 2018 summers, 456 eggs and seven dead hatchling from six nests were collected. We performed bacteriological and mycological analyses on 88 egg samples and seven dead hatchlings, allowing us to isolate: Fusarium spp. (80.6%), Aeromonas hydrophila (55.6%), Aspergillus spp. (27.2%) and Citrobacter freundii (9%). Two Fusarium species were identified by microscopy and were confirmed by PCR and internal transcribed spacer sequencing. Statistical analyses showed significant differences between nests and the presence/absence of microflora, whereas no significant differences were observed between eggs and nests. This is the first report that catalogues microflora from C . caretta nests/eggs in the Mediterranean Sea and provides key information on potential pathogens that may affect hatching success. Moreover, our results suggest the need for wider investigations over extensive areas to identify other microflora, and to better understand hatching failures and mortality related to microbial contamination in this important turtle species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delia Gambino
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia "A. Mirri", Area Territoriale Palermo, Via Gino Marinuzzi 3, Palermo 90129, Italy
| | - Maria Flaminia Persichetti
- Centro di Referenza Nazionale sul benessere, monitoraggio e diagnostica delle malattie delle tartarughe marine, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia "A. Mirri", Via Gino Marinuzzi 3, Palermo 90129, Italy
| | - Antonino Gentile
- Centro di Referenza Nazionale sul benessere, monitoraggio e diagnostica delle malattie delle tartarughe marine, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia "A. Mirri", Via Gino Marinuzzi 3, Palermo 90129, Italy
| | - Marco Arculeo
- Università di Palermo, Dipartimento STEBICEF, Via Archirafi 28, Palermo 90123, Italy
| | - Giulia Visconti
- Area Marina Protetta Isole Pelagie, Via Cameroni, 92031 Lampedusa (AG), Italy
| | - Vittoria Currò
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia "A. Mirri", Area Territoriale Palermo, Via Gino Marinuzzi 3, Palermo 90129, Italy
| | - Giulia Caracappa
- Centro Recupero Fauna Selvatica Bosco di Ficuzza, Via del Bosco 1, Ficuzza di Corleone (PA) 90034, Italy
| | - Daniela Crucitti
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia "A. Mirri", Area Territoriale Palermo, Via Gino Marinuzzi 3, Palermo 90129, Italy
| | - Antonio Piazza
- Centro di Referenza Nazionale sul benessere, monitoraggio e diagnostica delle malattie delle tartarughe marine, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia "A. Mirri", Via Gino Marinuzzi 3, Palermo 90129, Italy
| | - Francesca Mancianti
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Via Livornese, San Piero a Grado, Pisa 56124, Italy
| | - Simona Nardoni
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Via Livornese, San Piero a Grado, Pisa 56124, Italy
| | - Domenico Vicari
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia "A. Mirri", Area Territoriale Palermo, Via Gino Marinuzzi 3, Palermo 90129, Italy
| | - Santo Caracappa
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Polo Universitario Annunziata, Messina 98100, Italy
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Elshamy AI, El Gendy AENG, Farrag ARH, Hussein J, Mohamed NA, El-Kashak WA, Nardoni S, Mancianti F, De Leo M, Pistelli L. Shoot aqueous extract of Manihot esculenta Crantz (cassava) acts as a protective agent against paracetamol-induced liver injury. Nat Prod Res 2020; 35:4724-4728. [PMID: 31951477 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2020.1712386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Manihot esculenta Crantz (Euphorbiaceae), known as cassava, is a widely cultivated plant, considered one of the main sources of food in the tropical and subtropical regions of Africa and Asia. The aim of the present study was the evaluation of the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of cassava shoot aqueous extract (CSAE) on liver injury induced by paracetamol and investigation of its effect on hyperhomocysteinemia. CSAE was administered to male albino rats classified into seven groups: control, treated, and prophylactic groups. A significant reduction in liver enzymes, malondialdehyde, and homocysteine were observed when compared to the paracetamol group, together with an increase in paraoxonase-1. Histopathological and histochemical results indicated that CSAE effectively ameliorate these parameters. Two main flavonol glycosides, quercetin 3-O-rutinoside and kaempferol 3-O-rutinoside, in addition to a minor myricetin 3-O-rutinoside, were identified in CSAE. CSAE showed a therapeutic potential against paracetamol-induced liver injury probably through antioxidant activity of its flavonol glycosides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdelsamed I Elshamy
- Department of Natural Compounds Chemistry, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | | | - Jihan Hussein
- Medical Biochemistry Department, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nadia A Mohamed
- Medical Biochemistry Department, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Walaa A El-Kashak
- Department of Natural Compounds Chemistry, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Simona Nardoni
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Università di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Marinella De Leo
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Pisa, Pisa, Italy.,Centro Interdipartimentale di Ricerca "Nutraceutica e Alimentazione per la Salute", Università di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Luisa Pistelli
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Pisa, Pisa, Italy.,Centro Interdipartimentale di Ricerca "Nutraceutica e Alimentazione per la Salute", Università di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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Ebani VV, Nardoni S, Giani M, Rocchigiani G, Archin T, Altomonte I, Poli A, Mancianti F. Molecular survey on the occurrence of avian haemosporidia, Coxiella burnetii and Francisella tularensis in waterfowl from central Italy. Int J Parasitol Parasites Wildl 2019; 10:87-92. [PMID: 31384551 PMCID: PMC6664032 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijppaw.2019.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Revised: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the occurrence of some avian Haemosporidia, Coxiella burnetii and Francisella tularensis in waterfowl from Tuscany wetlands. One-hundred and thirty-three samples of spleen were collected from regularly hunted wild birds belonging to 13 different waterfowl species. DNA extracted from each sample was submitted to PCR assays and sequencing to detect the pathogens. Thirty-three samples (24.81%) were positive with PCR for at least one pathogen: 23 (17.29%) for Leucocytozoon spp., 6 (4.51%) for Plasmodium spp., 4 (3%) for C. burnetii, 2 (1.5%) for Haemoproteus spp. No specific F. tularensis amplifications (0%) were detected. To the best of our knowledge, this study firstly reports data about haemosporidian and C. burnetii infections in waterfowl from Italy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Simona Nardoni
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Pisa, viale delle Piagge 2, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Marinella Giani
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Pisa, viale delle Piagge 2, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Guido Rocchigiani
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Pisa, viale delle Piagge 2, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Talieh Archin
- Department of Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
| | - Iolanda Altomonte
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Pisa, viale delle Piagge 2, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Alessandro Poli
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Pisa, viale delle Piagge 2, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Francesca Mancianti
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Pisa, viale delle Piagge 2, 56124, Pisa, Italy
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Nardoni S, Poli A, Varvaro I, Rocchigiani G, Ceccherelli R, Mancianti F. Detection of Neospora Caninum DNA in Wild Birds from Italy. Pathogens 2019; 8:pathogens8040202. [PMID: 31652735 PMCID: PMC6963562 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens8040202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Revised: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of avian species in the Neospora caninum life cycle has not been completely elucidated, and epidemiological data from Europe are scant. The aim of the present report was to evaluate the presence of N. caninum DNA in the tissues of 302 birds belonging to different avian species, along with IFAT titers. Forty-two out of the 302 birds (13.9%) showed low serological titers (1/50 and 1/100) against N. caninum. These data, positive for 31 animals (10.3%), were corroborated by PCR. Twenty-two hearts and eighteen brains scored positive, while nine subjects resulted had parasite DNA both in their hearts and brains. Serological data showed significantly higher results in waterfowl in respect to non-waterfowl avian species. This finding indicates a higher exposure of water birds to the parasite. These avian species, in fact, which feed directly from soil and/or water, are prone to ingest oocysts excreted by final canid hosts. The present study adds information to the state of art of N. caninum epidemiology in Italy, even if more investigations using bio-assays are needed to allow for a serological/parasitological follow-up to evaluate the real impact of the avian species in maintaining the parasite in main reservoirs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Nardoni
- Dipartimento di Patologia Animale, Università di Pisa, 56100 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Alessandro Poli
- Dipartimento di Patologia Animale, Università di Pisa, 56100 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Ilaria Varvaro
- Dipartimento di Patologia Animale, Università di Pisa, 56100 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Guido Rocchigiani
- Dipartimento di Patologia Animale, Università di Pisa, 56100 Pisa, Italy.
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Pavoni L, Maggi F, Mancianti F, Nardoni S, Ebani VV, Cespi M, Bonacucina G, Palmieri GF. Microemulsions: An effective encapsulation tool to enhance the antimicrobial activity of selected EOs. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2019.05.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Bandeira Reidel RV, Nardoni S, Mancianti F, Anedda C, El Gendy AENG, Omer EA, Pistelli L. Chemical composition and antifungal activity of essential oils from four Asteraceae plants grown in Egypt. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 73:313-318. [PMID: 29768252 DOI: 10.1515/znc-2017-0219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The objective of the present paper was the assessment of the chemical composition of the essential oils from four Asteraceae species with a considerable food, medicinal, and agricultural value, collected in Egypt, together with their in vitro inhibitory activity against molds and yeasts. The essential oil of Launaea cornuta flowers was also evaluated for the first time, but because of its very low yield (<0.01%), no antifungal test was performed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Simona Nardoni
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Viale delle Piagge 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Francesca Mancianti
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Viale delle Piagge 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Claudia Anedda
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Abd El-Nasser G El Gendy
- Department of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Research, National Research Center, 33 El Bohouth st., Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt
| | - Elsayed A Omer
- Department of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Research, National Research Center, 33 El Bohouth st., Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt
| | - Luisa Pistelli
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy
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Cogliati M, Desnos-Ollivier M, McCormick-Smith I, Rickerts V, Ferreira-Paim K, Meyer W, Boekhout T, Hagen F, Theelen B, Inácio J, Alonso B, Colom MF, Trilles L, Montagna MT, De Donno A, Susever S, Ergin C, Velegraki A, Ellabib MS, Nardoni S, Macci C, Trovato L, Dipineto L, Akcaglar S, Mlinaric-Missoni E, Bertout S, Vencá ACF, Sampaio AC, Criseo G, Ranque S, Çerikçioğlu N, Marchese A, Vezzulli L, Ilkit M, Pasquale V, Polacheck I, Lockhart SR. Genotypes and population genetics of cryptococcus neoformans and cryptococcus gattii species complexes in Europe and the mediterranean area. Fungal Genet Biol 2019; 129:16-29. [PMID: 30953839 DOI: 10.1016/j.fgb.2019.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Revised: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
A total of 476 European isolates (310 Cryptococcus neoformans var. grubii, 150 C. neoformans var. neoformans, and 16 C. gattii species complex) from both clinical and environmental sources were analyzed by multi-locus sequence typing. Phylogenetic and population genetic analyses were performed. Sequence analysis identified 74 sequence types among C. neoformans var. neoformans (VNIV), 65 among C. neoformans var. grubii (56 VNI, 8 VNII, 1 VNB), and 5 among the C. gattii species complex (4 VGI and 1 VGIV) isolates. ST23 was the most frequent genotype (22%) among VNI isolates which were mostly grouped in a large clonal cluster including 50% of isolates. Among VNIV isolates, a predominant genotype was not identified. A high percentage of autochthonous STs were identified in both VNI (71%) and VNIV (96%) group of isolates. The 16 European C. gattii species complex isolates analyzed in the present study originated all from the environment and all belonged to a large cluster endemic in the Mediterranean area. Population genetic analysis confirmed that VNI group of isolates were characterized by low variability and clonal expansion while VNIV by a higher variability and a number of recombination events. However, when VNI and VNIV environmental isolates were compared, they showed a similar population structure with a high percentage of shared mutations and the absence of fixed mutations. Also linkage disequilibrium analysis reveals differences between clinical and environmental isolates showing a key role of PLB1 allele combinations in host infection as well as the key role of LAC1 allele combinations for survival of the fungus in the environment. The present study shows that genetic comparison of clinical and environmental isolates represents a first step to understand the genetic characteristics that cause the shift of some genotypes from a saprophytic to a parasitic life style.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimo Cogliati
- Dip. Scienze Biomediche per la Salute, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy.
| | - Marie Desnos-Ollivier
- Institut Pasteur, Molecular Mycology Unit, National Reference Center for Invasive Mycoses & Antifungal, CNRS UMR2000, Paris, France
| | | | | | - Kennio Ferreira-Paim
- Molecular Mycology Research Laboratory, Center for Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney Medical School, Westmead Clinical School, Marie Bashier Institute for Emerging Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, University of Sydney, Westmead Hospital, (Research and Educational Network) Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead, NSW, Australia; Department of Microbiology, Federal University of Triangulo Mineiro, Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Wieland Meyer
- Molecular Mycology Research Laboratory, Center for Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney Medical School, Westmead Clinical School, Marie Bashier Institute for Emerging Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, University of Sydney, Westmead Hospital, (Research and Educational Network) Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Teun Boekhout
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamic (IBED), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ferry Hagen
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Bart Theelen
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Joäo Inácio
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Brighton, Brighton, UK
| | - Beatriz Alonso
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Brighton, Brighton, UK; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IisGM), Hospital Gegorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Aristea Velegraki
- Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | | | | | - Cristina Macci
- National Research Council, Research Institute on Terrestrial Ecosystems (IRET), Pisa, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | - Sebastien Bertout
- Unité Mixte Internationale "Recherches Translationnelles sur l'infection à VIH et les Maladies Infectieuses", Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Ana C F Vencá
- Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Ana C Sampaio
- Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, CITAB, Quinta dos Prados, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Giuseppe Criseo
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Italy
| | - Stéphane Ranque
- Aix-Marseille University, IRD, APHM, SSA, VITROME, IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | | | - Anna Marchese
- Sezione di Microbiologia del DISC, Università di Genova-IRCCS Policlinico San Martino Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Luigi Vezzulli
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, dell'Ambiente e della Vita (DISTAV), Università di Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Macit Ilkit
- University of Çukurova Sarıçam, Adana, Turkey
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Flamini G, Pistelli L, Nardoni S, Ebani VV, Zinnai A, Mancianti F, Ascrizzi R, Pistelli L. Essential Oil Composition and Biological Activity of "Pompia", a Sardinian Citrus Ecotype. Molecules 2019; 24:E908. [PMID: 30841559 PMCID: PMC6429368 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24050908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Revised: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Pompia is a Sardinian citrus ecotype whose botanical classification is still being debated. In the present study, the composition of Pompia peel essential oil (EO) is reported for the first time, along with that of the leaf EO, as a phytochemical contribution to the classification of this ecotype. The peel EO was tested for its antioxidant ability (with both the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picarylhydrazyl (DPPH) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assays). Moreover, its antimicrobial activities were tested for the first time on dermatophytes (Microsporum canis, Microsporum gypseum, and Trichophyton mentagrophytes), on potentially toxigenic fungi (Fusarium solani, Aspergillus flavus, and Aspergillus niger) as well on bacteria (Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Staphylococcus pseudointermedius). The dominant abundance of limonene in the peel EO seems to distinguish Pompia from the Citrus spp. to which it had previously been associated. It lacks γ-terpinene, relevant in Citrus medica EO. Its relative content of α- and β-pinene is lower than 0.5%, in contrast to Citrus limon peel EO. Pompia peel and leaf EOs did not show significant amounts of linalool and linalyl acetate, which are typically found in Citrus aurantium. Pompia peel EO antioxidant activity was weak, possibly because of its lack of γ-terpinene. Moreover, it did not exert any antimicrobial effects either towards the tested bacteria strains, or to dermatophytes and environmental fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guido Flamini
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy.
- Centro Interdipartimentale di Ricerca "Nutraceutica e Alimentazione per la Salute" (NUTRAFOOD), Università di Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Laura Pistelli
- Centro Interdipartimentale di Ricerca "Nutraceutica e Alimentazione per la Salute" (NUTRAFOOD), Università di Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy.
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Agro-alimentari, Università di Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Simona Nardoni
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Università di Pisa, Viale delle Piagge 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Valentina Virginia Ebani
- Centro Interdipartimentale di Ricerca "Nutraceutica e Alimentazione per la Salute" (NUTRAFOOD), Università di Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy.
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Università di Pisa, Viale delle Piagge 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Angela Zinnai
- Centro Interdipartimentale di Ricerca "Nutraceutica e Alimentazione per la Salute" (NUTRAFOOD), Università di Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy.
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Agro-alimentari, Università di Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Francesca Mancianti
- Centro Interdipartimentale di Ricerca "Nutraceutica e Alimentazione per la Salute" (NUTRAFOOD), Università di Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy.
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Università di Pisa, Viale delle Piagge 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Roberta Ascrizzi
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Luisa Pistelli
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy.
- Centro Interdipartimentale di Ricerca "Nutraceutica e Alimentazione per la Salute" (NUTRAFOOD), Università di Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy.
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Ebani VV, Nardoni S, Bertelloni F, Tosi G, Massi P, Pistelli L, Mancianti F. In Vitro Antimicrobial Activity of Essential Oils Against Salmonella enterica Serotypes Enteritidis and Typhimurium Strains Isolated from Poultry. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24050900. [PMID: 30836721 PMCID: PMC6429372 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24050900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Revised: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Salmonella enterica serotype Enteritidis and S. enterica serotype Typhimurium are frequently present among poultry and are associated with outbreaks of human salmonellosis. The study investigated the in vitro antimicrobial activity of essential oils (EOs) obtained from Aloysia triphylla, Cinnamomum zeylanicum, Cymbopogon citratus, Litsea cubeba, Mentha piperita, Syzygium aromaticum against S. Enteritidis and S. Thyphimurium strains previously isolated from poultry. A 1:1 mixture of C. zeylanicum and S. aromaticum was also tested. The activity of all compounds was evaluated against the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, commonly used as probiotic. The highest antibacterial activity was observed for C. zeylanicum (minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) ranging from 1.26 mg/mL to 0.63 mg/mL), S. aromaticum (MICs from 2.637 mg/mL to 0.164 mg/mL) and the mixture (MICs from 1.289 mg/mL to 0.322 mg/mL). No activity was recorded against S. cerevisiae. The results suggest a possible use of C. zeylanicum and S. aromaticum, alone or in combination, in the farm environment for disinfection and in poultry diet, combined with S. cerevisiae administration, for an integrated approach to avoid Salmonella intestinal colonization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Virginia Ebani
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Pisa, Viale delle Piagge 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy.
- Interdepartmental Research Center "Nutraceuticals and Food for Health", University of Pisa, via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Simona Nardoni
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Pisa, Viale delle Piagge 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Fabrizio Bertelloni
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Pisa, Viale delle Piagge 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Giovanni Tosi
- Lombardy and Emilia Romagna Experimental Zootechnic Institute (IZSLER), Diagnostic Section of Forlì, Via Don E. Servadei 3E/3F⁻47122 Forlì, Italy.
| | - Paola Massi
- Lombardy and Emilia Romagna Experimental Zootechnic Institute (IZSLER), Diagnostic Section of Forlì, Via Don E. Servadei 3E/3F⁻47122 Forlì, Italy.
| | - Luisa Pistelli
- Interdepartmental Research Center "Nutraceuticals and Food for Health", University of Pisa, via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy.
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Francesca Mancianti
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Pisa, Viale delle Piagge 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy.
- Interdepartmental Research Center "Nutraceuticals and Food for Health", University of Pisa, via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Mohamed
- Department of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Italy Physical medicine, Rheumatology and rehabilitation Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - F. Oliva
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Italy
| | - S. Nardoni
- Department of Pathology “San Filippo Neri Hospital” Rome, Italy
| | - N. Maffulli
- Head of Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Azienda Ospedaliera San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi d’Aragona, University of Salerno, Italy; Queen Mary University of London, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Centre for Sports and Exercise Medicine, Mile End Hospital, London, UK
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Nardoni S, Ebani VV, D’Ascenzi C, Pistelli L, Mancianti F. Sensitivity of Entomopathogenic Fungi and Bacteria to Plants Secondary Metabolites, for an Alternative Control of Rhipicephalus ( Boophilus) microplus in Cattle. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:937. [PMID: 30154722 PMCID: PMC6102388 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Boophilus (Rhipicephalus) microplus is a one host hard tick widespread in warm climates worldwide, responsible for great economic losses. To avoid resistance in ticks population, induced by the repeated administration of conventional acaricides and/or the presence of residues in the environment in meat and in milk, an alternative approach can be achieved using entomopathogenic microorganisms such as fungi and bacteria, or essential oils (EOs). The aim of the present study was to evaluate the in vitro sensitivity of Beauveria bassiana, Metarhizium anisopliae, Scopulariopsis sp, Bacillus thuringiensis and Proteus mirabilis to Eucalyptus globulus, Lavandula hybrida, Pelargonium graveolens EOs and to their main constituents such as lynalool, linalyl-acetate, geraniol, citronellol and 1,8 cineole. EOs has been chemically characterized by GC-MS. Fungal isolates were tested by a microdilution assay to achieve minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of both EOs and main components. The sensitivity of bacteria was evaluated by an agar disk diffusion. The results obtained show the feasibility of an integrate approach for an eco-friendly control of R. microplus by use of both entomopathogenic fungi and P. graveolens EO. L. hybrida could be an interesting alternative when B. bassiana is not employed. Conversely, a combined use of B. thuringiensis and EOs would not be advisable in the integrate control of ticks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Nardoni
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Università di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- Centro Interdipartimentale di Ricerca “Nutraceutica e Alimentazione per la Salute”, Università di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Valentina V. Ebani
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Università di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- Centro Interdipartimentale di Ricerca “Nutraceutica e Alimentazione per la Salute”, Università di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Carlo D’Ascenzi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Università di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- Centro Interdipartimentale di Ricerca “Nutraceutica e Alimentazione per la Salute”, Università di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Luisa Pistelli
- Centro Interdipartimentale di Ricerca “Nutraceutica e Alimentazione per la Salute”, Università di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Francesca Mancianti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Università di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- Centro Interdipartimentale di Ricerca “Nutraceutica e Alimentazione per la Salute”, Università di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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Ebani VV, Najar B, Bertelloni F, Pistelli L, Mancianti F, Nardoni S. Chemical Composition and In Vitro Antimicrobial Efficacy of Sixteen Essential Oils against Escherichia coli and Aspergillus fumigatus Isolated from Poultry. Vet Sci 2018; 5:vetsci5030062. [PMID: 29941827 PMCID: PMC6164321 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci5030062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Revised: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Escherichia coli and Aspergillus fumigatus are two pathogens largely present among poultry. They can cause mild or severe forms of disease, and are associated with significant economic losses. The aim of the present study was to investigate the chemical composition and the in vitro antimicrobial activity of sixteen essential oils (EOs) and five mixtures against E. coli and A. fumigatus strains previously isolated from poultry. The study was performed with the following EOs: Aloysiatryphilla, Boswelliasacra, Cinnamomum zeylanicum, Citrus aurantium, Citrus bergamia, Citrus limon, Citrus reticulata, Cymbopogon citratus, Eucalyptus globulus, Lavandula hybrida, Litsea cubeba, Ocimum basilicum, Melaleuca alternifolia, Mentha piperita, Pelargoniumgraveolens, and Syzygium aromaticum. Moreover, the following mixtures were also tested: L. cubeba and C. citratus (M1), L. cubeba and A. triphylla (M2), A. triphylla and C. citratus (M3), A. triphylla, C.citratus and L. cubeba (M4), S. aromaticum and C. zeylanicum (M5). One hundred and ninety-one compounds were identified in the tested EOs and mixtures. MIC determination found good anti-E. coli activity with C. zeylanicum (2.52 mg/mL), C. citratus (1.118 mg/mL), L. cubeba (1.106 mg/mL), M. piperita (1.14 mg/mL) and S. aromaticum (1.318 mg/mL) EOs. Among the mixtures, M5 showed the best result with a MIC value of 2.578 mg/mL. The best antimycotic activity was showed by A. triphylla (0.855 mg/mL), followed by C. citratus (0.895 mg/mL), while C. aurantium, M. piperita, B. sacra and P. graveolens did not yield any antifungal effect at the highest dilution. The mixtures exhibited no antifungal activity at all. This study shows promising results in order to use EOs in the environment for disinfection purposes in poultry farms and/or in hatcheries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Virginia Ebani
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Pisa, viale delle Piagge 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy.
- Centro Interdipartimentale di Ricerca "Nutraceutica e Alimentazione per la Salute", University of Pisa, via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Basma Najar
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Fabrizio Bertelloni
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Pisa, viale delle Piagge 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Luisa Pistelli
- Centro Interdipartimentale di Ricerca "Nutraceutica e Alimentazione per la Salute", University of Pisa, via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy.
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Francesca Mancianti
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Pisa, viale delle Piagge 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy.
- Centro Interdipartimentale di Ricerca "Nutraceutica e Alimentazione per la Salute", University of Pisa, via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Simona Nardoni
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Pisa, viale delle Piagge 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy.
- Centro Interdipartimentale di Ricerca "Nutraceutica e Alimentazione per la Salute", University of Pisa, via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy.
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Nardoni S, D'Ascenzi C, Caracciolo I, Mannaioni G, Papini RA, Pistelli L, Najar B, Mancianti F. Activity of selected essential oils on spoiling fungi cultured from Marzolino cheese. Ann Agric Environ Med 2018; 25:280-284. [PMID: 29936811 DOI: 10.26444/aaem/80907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Microscopic fungi can be present on a variety of foodstuff, including cheese. They can be responsible for fungal spoilage, causing sensory changes making food unacceptable for human consumption, and posing severe health concerns. Furthermore, some of these organisms are able to resist antimicrobial preservatives provided for by law. Antifungal activity of 15 chemically defined EOs, alone and in mixture, were checked by a microdilution test against isolates of Penicillium funiculosum and Mucor racemosus cultured from rinds of Marzolino, a typical Italian fresh pecorino cheese. Origanum vulgare yielded the lowest MIC values, followed by Salvia sclarea, Ocimum basilicum and Cymbopogon citratus, while Citrus paradisi and Citrus limon were not active. All mixtures showed antifungal activity at lower concentration with respect to MIC values of each EO component, when not in combination. This study is the first to describe the setting up of EOs mixtures to limit spoiling moulds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Nardoni
- Università di Pisa, Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Carlo D'Ascenzi
- Università di Pisa, Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Irene Caracciolo
- Università di Pisa, Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Gaia Mannaioni
- Università di Pisa, Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Pisa, Italy.
| | | | - Luisa Pistelli
- Università di Pisa, Dipartimento di Farmacia, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Basma Najar
- Università di Pisa, Dipartimento di Farmacia, Pisa, Italy.
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Ebani VV, Nardoni S, Bertelloni F, Giovanelli S, Ruffoni B, D'Ascenzi C, Pistelli L, Mancianti F. Activity of Salvia dolomitica and Salvia somalensis Essential Oils against Bacteria, Molds and Yeasts. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23020396. [PMID: 29438274 PMCID: PMC6017378 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23020396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Revised: 02/02/2018] [Accepted: 02/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Essential oils (EOs) from Salvia dolomitica and Salvia somalensis, widely employed in the cosmetic and perfume industry, were analyzed for composition and tested against bacterial and fungal pathogens isolated from clinical and environmental specimens. The analyses were carried out against Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus pseudointermedius, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Streptococcus canis, Streptococcus pyogenes, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus mirabilis, Microsporum canis, Microsporum gypseum, Trichophyton mentagrophytes, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus, Candida albicans, Candida krusei, Mucor sp. and Trichothecium roseum. Both EOs showed similar percentages of total monoterpenes and sesquiterpene hydrocarbons. The main constituents were 1,8-cineole and β-caryophyllene in S. dolomitica and bornyl acetate and camphor in S. somalensis. The selected EOs have no relevant antifungal or antibacterial activities if compared to conventional drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Virginia Ebani
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Pisa, Viale delle Piagge 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy.
- Centro Interdipartimentale di Ricerca "Nutraceutica e Alimentazione per la Salute", University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Simona Nardoni
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Pisa, Viale delle Piagge 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy.
- Centro Interdipartimentale di Ricerca "Nutraceutica e Alimentazione per la Salute", University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Fabrizio Bertelloni
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Pisa, Viale delle Piagge 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Silvia Giovanelli
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Barbara Ruffoni
- Centro di Ricerca Orticoltura e Florovivaismo (CREA), Corso Degli Inglesi 508, 18038 Sanremo, Italy.
| | - Carlo D'Ascenzi
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Pisa, Viale delle Piagge 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Luisa Pistelli
- Centro Interdipartimentale di Ricerca "Nutraceutica e Alimentazione per la Salute", University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy.
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Francesca Mancianti
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Pisa, Viale delle Piagge 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy.
- Centro Interdipartimentale di Ricerca "Nutraceutica e Alimentazione per la Salute", University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy.
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Rocchigiani G, Ebani VV, Nardoni S, Bertelloni F, Bascherini A, Leoni A, Mancianti F, Poli A. Molecular survey on the occurrence of arthropod-borne pathogens in wild brown hares (Lepus europaeus) from Central Italy. Infect Genet Evol 2018; 59:142-147. [PMID: 29421225 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2018.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Revised: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 02/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Data about the spreading of arthropod-borne pathogens among hare populations are very scant, so the aim of the present preliminary study was to investigate, through molecular analysis, the occurrence of Anaplasma phagocytophilum, Bartonella sp., Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato, Coxiella burnetii, Francisella tularensis, Leishmania spp. and piroplasms DNA in blood of 51 wild hares (Lepus europaeus) living in protected areas in Tuscany. All hares resulted negative for A. phagocytophilum, Bartonella sp., B. burgdorferi s.l., C. burnetii and F. tularensis. Five animals (9.8%) were positive for Leishmania and one hare (1.9%) tested positive for piroplasms. Sequencing of this sample showed a piroplasm similar to one Babesia isolate from the same animal species in Turkey. Therefore, to the best of our knowledge, this is the first molecular report of piroplasms occurring in wild hares from Italy, and the second worldwide. The examined hares appeared to be in good health status, corroborating the hypothesis of a chronic carrier state of some vector borne agents for this animal species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guido Rocchigiani
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Pisa, viale delle Piagge 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Simona Nardoni
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Pisa, viale delle Piagge 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Fabrizio Bertelloni
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Pisa, viale delle Piagge 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Alice Bascherini
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Pisa, viale delle Piagge 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Alessandro Leoni
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Pisa, viale delle Piagge 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Francesca Mancianti
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Pisa, viale delle Piagge 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Alessandro Poli
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Pisa, viale delle Piagge 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy.
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Nardoni S, Papini R, Gallo MG, Verin R, Mancianti F. Survey on the role of brown hares (Lepus europaeus, Pallas 1778) as carriers of zoonotic dermatophytes. Italian Journal of Animal Science 2017. [DOI: 10.4081/ijas.2010.e24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Simona Nardoni
- Dipartimento di Patologia Animale, Profilassi ed Igiene degli Alimenti, Università di Pisa, Italy
| | - Roberto Papini
- Dipartimento di Patologia Animale, Profilassi ed Igiene degli Alimenti, Università di Pisa, Italy
| | - Maria Grazia Gallo
- Dipartimento di Produzioni Animali, Epidemiologia ed Ecologia, Università di Torino, Italy
| | - Ranieri Verin
- Dipartimento di Patologia Animale, Profilassi ed Igiene degli Alimenti, Università di Pisa, Italy
| | - Francesca Mancianti
- Dipartimento di Patologia Animale, Profilassi ed Igiene degli Alimenti, Università di Pisa, Italy
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Cogliati M, Puccianti E, Montagna MT, De Donno A, Susever S, Ergin C, Velegraki A, Ellabib MS, Nardoni S, Macci C, Trovato L, Dipineto L, Rickerts V, Akcaglar S, Mlinaric-Missoni E, Bertout S, Vencà AC, Sampaio AC, Criseo G, Ranque S, Çerikçioğlu N, Marchese A, Vezzulli L, Ilkit M, Desnos-Ollivier M, Pasquale V, Polacheck I, Scopa A, Meyer W, Ferreira-Paim K, Hagen F, Boekhout T, Dromer F, Varma A, Kwon-Chung KJ, Inácio J, Colom MF. Fundamental niche prediction of the pathogenic yeastsCryptococcus neoformansandCryptococcus gattiiin Europe. Environ Microbiol 2017; 19:4318-4325. [DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.13915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2017] [Revised: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 08/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Massimo Cogliati
- Dip. Scienze Biomediche per la Salute; Università degli Studi di Milano; Milano Italy
| | - Erika Puccianti
- Dip. Scienze Biomediche per la Salute; Università degli Studi di Milano; Milano Italy
| | | | | | | | | | - Aristea Velegraki
- Medical School National and Kapodistrian University of Athens; Athens Greece
| | | | | | - Cristina Macci
- Istituto per lo Studio degli Ecosistemi (ISE), National Research Council (CNR); Pisa Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Sebastien Bertout
- Unité Mixte Internationale “Recherches Translationnelles sur l'infection à VIH et les Maladies Infectieuses”; Université de Montpellier; Montpellier France
| | - Ana C.F. Vencà
- Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical; Lisbon Portugal
| | - Ana C. Sampaio
- Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, CITAB; Vila Real Quinta dos Prados Portugal
| | - Giuseppe Criseo
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences; University of Messina; Italy
| | | | | | - Anna Marchese
- Sezione di Microbiologia del DISC; Università di Genova-IRCCS San Martino IST Genova; Genova Italy
| | - Luigi Vezzulli
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, dell'Ambiente e della Vita (DISTAV); Università di Genova; Genova Italy
| | - Macit Ilkit
- University of Çukurova Sarıçam; Adana Turkey
| | | | | | | | - Antonio Scopa
- Università degli Studi della Basilicata; Potenza Italy
| | - Wieland Meyer
- Molecular Mycology Research Laboratory, CIDM, MBI, Sydney Medical School-Westmead Hospital; University of Sydney/Westmead Millennium Institute; Westmead NSW Australia
| | - Kennio Ferreira-Paim
- Molecular Mycology Research Laboratory, CIDM, MBI, Sydney Medical School-Westmead Hospital; University of Sydney/Westmead Millennium Institute; Westmead NSW Australia
| | - Ferry Hagen
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious-Diseases; Canisius-Wilhelmina Hospital; Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | - Teun Boekhout
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Utrecht, and Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamic Institute; University of Amsterdam; Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Françoise Dromer
- Institut Pasteur, CNRS; Unité de Mycologie Moléculaire; Paris France
| | - Ashok Varma
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases; Bethesda MD USA
| | | | - Joäo Inácio
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences; University of Brighton; Brighton UK
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Ebani VV, Rocchigiani G, Nardoni S, Bertelloni F, Vasta V, Papini RA, Verin R, Poli A, Mancianti F. Molecular detection of tick-borne pathogens in wild red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) from Central Italy. Acta Trop 2017; 172:197-200. [PMID: 28502642 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2017.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Revised: 05/09/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Spleen samples from 153 red foxes, shot during regular hunting season in the province of Pisa (Central Italy), were examined to detect DNA of Anaplasma phagocytophilum, Ehrlichia canis, Coxiella burnetii, Francisella tularensis, Hepatozoon canis and Babesia sp./Theileria sp. DNA of vector-borne pathogens was detected in 120 (78.43%; 95% CI: 71.06-84.66%) foxes. Specifically, 75 (49%; 95% CI: 40.86-57.22%) animals scored PCR-positive per H. canis, 68 (44.44%; 95% CI: 36.42-52.69%) for E. canis, 35 (22.88%; 95% CI: 16.48-30.35%) for piroplasms (Theileria annae), 3 (1.96%; 95% CI: 0.41-5.62%) for C. burnetii and 1 (0.65%; 95% CI: 0.02-3.59%) for A. phagocytophilum. No positive reaction was observed for F. tularensis. Fifty-six animals (36.6%; 95% CI: 28.97-44.76%) were positive for two or three pathogens. Red foxes result to be involved in the cycle of vector-borne pathogens that are associated to disease in dogs and humans.
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Nardoni S, Salvadori M, Poli A, Rocchigiani G, Mancianti F. Cutaneous lesions due to Trichosporon jirovecii in a tortoise ( Testudo hermanni). Med Mycol Case Rep 2017; 18:18-20. [PMID: 28794959 PMCID: PMC5537399 DOI: 10.1016/j.mmcr.2017.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2017] [Revised: 07/12/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous mycoses have been rarely reported in Chelonians. A Testudo hermanni adult male showed a thick erosion of the dorsal neck covered by necrotic material. Trichosporon sp. was cultivated, while arthrospores and hyphae were observed in histological sections. The causative agent was identified as Trichosporon jirovecii by PCR. After a surgical intervention povidone iodine and Iruxol® ointment were daily administered through the drainage for 2 weeks, along with enrofloxacin 5 mg diluted in saline 0.5 ml via the intracelomatic route. After treatment the ulcer healed with residual scars. No relapse was registered after 12 months. T. jirovecii is considered as a rare yeast pathogen and the presented case is the first report of a dermatomycosis in tortoises caused by this yeast species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Nardoni
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie Università di Pisa, Viale delle Piagge, 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy
- Corresponding author.
| | - Marco Salvadori
- Centro Veterinario Exotic, Via Ulisse Dini, 154, Gello, 56017 San Giuliano Terme, Italy
| | - Alessandro Poli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie Università di Pisa, Viale delle Piagge, 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Guido Rocchigiani
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie Università di Pisa, Viale delle Piagge, 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Francesca Mancianti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie Università di Pisa, Viale delle Piagge, 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy
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Ribeiro JE, Martini M, Altomonte I, Salari F, Nardoni S, Sorce C, Silva FLD, Andreucci A. Production of Chlorella protothecoides biomass, chlorophyll and carotenoids using the dairy industry by-product scotta as a substrate. Biocatalysis and Agricultural Biotechnology 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2017.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Ebani VV, Nardoni S, Bertelloni F, Najar B, Pistelli L, Mancianti F. Antibacterial and Antifungal Activity of Essential Oils against Pathogens Responsible for Otitis Externa in Dogs and Cats. Medicines (Basel) 2017; 4:medicines4020021. [PMID: 28930236 PMCID: PMC5590057 DOI: 10.3390/medicines4020021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Revised: 04/07/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
Abstract
Background: Essential oils (EOs) are recommended by some veterinarians to treat otitis externa in pets, but data about their efficacy in scientific literature are very scant. Methods: Nine commercial EOs, from roman chamomile (Anthemis nobilis L.), star anise (Illicium verum), lavender (Lavandula hybrida), litsea (Litsea cubeba (Lour.) Pers.), basil (Ocimum basilicum L.), oregano (Origanum vulgare L. subsp. hirticum), rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.), clary sage (Salvia sclarea L.), and thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.) were tested against bacterial and fungal pathogens previously isolated from dogs and cats with otitis externa. In particular, the analyses were carried out against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus pseudointermedius, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus terreus, Candida albicans, Candida tropicalis, Trichosporon sp., and Rhodotorula sp. Results:O. vulgare and S. sclarea showed superior antibacterial activity, even if not against all the strains. Trichosporon sp., C. albicans, and A. terreus were insensitive to most Eos, while other yeasts and molds showed different degrees of sensitivity. In particular, most fungi were inhibited by O. vulgare and R. officinalis. Conclusions: The obtained results suggest that some EOs could be included in treatment as an alternative therapeutic option in bacterial otitis complicated by fungi, in association with conventional drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina V Ebani
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Pisa, viale delle Piagge 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy.
- Centro Interdipartimentale di Ricerca "Nutraceutica e Alimentazione per la Salute", University of Pisa, via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Simona Nardoni
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Pisa, viale delle Piagge 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy.
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Fabrizio Bertelloni
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Pisa, viale delle Piagge 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Basma Najar
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Luisa Pistelli
- Centro Interdipartimentale di Ricerca "Nutraceutica e Alimentazione per la Salute", University of Pisa, via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy.
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Francesca Mancianti
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Pisa, viale delle Piagge 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy.
- Centro Interdipartimentale di Ricerca "Nutraceutica e Alimentazione per la Salute", University of Pisa, via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy.
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Nardoni S, D’Ascenzi C, Rocchigiani G, Papini RA, Pistelli L, Formato G, Najar B, Mancianti F. Stonebrood and chalkbrood in Apis mellifera causing fungi: in vitro sensitivity to some essential oils. Nat Prod Res 2017; 32:385-390. [DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2017.1306703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Simona Nardoni
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Università degli Studi di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Carlo D’Ascenzi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Università degli Studi di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Guido Rocchigiani
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Università degli Studi di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Luisa Pistelli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Giovanni Formato
- Beekeeping Laboratory, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Lazio e della Toscana “Mariano Aleandri”, Roma, Italy
| | - Basma Najar
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Francesca Mancianti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Università degli Studi di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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Papini R, di Ciccio P, Marangi M, Ghidini S, Zanardi E, Vergara A, Giangaspero A, Nardoni S, Rocchigiani G, Mancianti F, Ianieri A. Occurrence of Toxoplasma gondii in Carcasses of Pigs Reared in Intensive Systems in Northern Italy. J Food Prot 2017; 80:515-522. [PMID: 28207292 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-16-314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
To evaluate the occurrence of Toxoplasma gondii and to genetically characterize its isolates in carcasses of industrial fattening pigs, blood, diaphragm, and heart samples were collected from 375 carcasses of pigs slaughtered to be processed for Parma ham production. Pigs had been bred on approved farms (n = 75) located in the so-called Food Valley in Italy. Sera were examined for immunoglobulin G antibodies to T. gondii by modified agglutination test (MAT). Both heart and diaphragm samples from seropositive carcasses were processed for the presence of T. gondii DNA (B1 locus) by real-time PCR and high resolution melting (HRM) assay. Anti-Toxoplasma antibodies were detected in 2.1% of pig carcasses, with titers from 1:10 to 1:320. T. gondii DNA was detected in all (eight) seropositive carcasses and in 11 (5 heart and 6 diaphragm samples) of 16 samples; that is, it was detected in heart tissue in two subjects, in diaphragm tissue in three subjects, and in both muscle tissues in three subjects. Toxoplasma genotypes were determined in seven of eight carcasses: type III was identified in four carcasses, type II in two, and both III and II in one carcass. The serological findings and the molecular detection of T. gondii strains suggest that cured meat products obtained from industrially bred pigs may be potential sources of toxoplasmosis for humans. Our results provide novel, important information regarding the seroprevalence and molecular prevalence of T. gondii in intensively reared pigs within this specific region of Italy, particularly because Parma ham from this region is known and consumed worldwide. On-farm preventive measures combined with slaughterhouse monitoring of carcasses of pigs bred for cured meat production should never be overlooked to prevent the introduction of T. gondii into the food chain and to ensure safety for consumers of these products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Papini
- 1 Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Università degli Studi di Pisa, Viale delle Piagge 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Pierluigi di Ciccio
- 2 Dipartimento di Scienze degli Alimenti, Università degli Studi di Parma, Via del Taglio 10, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - Marianna Marangi
- 3 Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, degli Alimenti e dell'Ambiente, Università degli Studi di Foggia, Via Napoli 25, 71121 Foggia, Italy
| | - Sergio Ghidini
- 2 Dipartimento di Scienze degli Alimenti, Università degli Studi di Parma, Via del Taglio 10, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - Emanuela Zanardi
- 2 Dipartimento di Scienze degli Alimenti, Università degli Studi di Parma, Via del Taglio 10, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - Alberto Vergara
- 4 Facoltà di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Teramo, SP 18, 64100 Teramo, Italy
| | - Annunziata Giangaspero
- 3 Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, degli Alimenti e dell'Ambiente, Università degli Studi di Foggia, Via Napoli 25, 71121 Foggia, Italy
| | - Simona Nardoni
- 1 Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Università degli Studi di Pisa, Viale delle Piagge 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Guido Rocchigiani
- 1 Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Università degli Studi di Pisa, Viale delle Piagge 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Francesca Mancianti
- 1 Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Università degli Studi di Pisa, Viale delle Piagge 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Adriana Ianieri
- 2 Dipartimento di Scienze degli Alimenti, Università degli Studi di Parma, Via del Taglio 10, 43126 Parma, Italy
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Rocchigiani G, Poli A, Nardoni S, Papini R, Mancianti F. Neospora caninumin Wild Waterfowl: Occurrence of Parasite DNA and Low Antibody Titers. J Parasitol 2017; 103:142-145. [DOI: 10.1645/16-34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- G. Rocchigiani
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Università di Pisa, Viale delle Piagge, 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - A. Poli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Università di Pisa, Viale delle Piagge, 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - S. Nardoni
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Università di Pisa, Viale delle Piagge, 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - R. Papini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Università di Pisa, Viale delle Piagge, 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - F. Mancianti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Università di Pisa, Viale delle Piagge, 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy
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Perrucci S, Gavazza A, Rocchigiani G, Nardoni S, Zbriger A, Lubas G, Mancianti F. Neospora caninum oocyst shedding in a naturally infected dog from Italy. Vet Parasitol Reg Stud Reports 2017; 8:10-12. [PMID: 31014623 DOI: 10.1016/j.vprsr.2017.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Accepted: 01/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Although the seroprevalence of Neospora caninum infection in dogs can be relatively high, there are few reports of dogs naturally shedding N. caninum oocysts. Worldwide, the prevalence of Neospora excretion in canine faeces ranges from 0.03% to 4.9%. A mixed-breed male household dog of about 8years in age living in the district of Pisa (Tuscany, Central Italy) was referred for dysorexia, weakness and general lymph node enlargement. Clinical pathology demonstrated mild normocytic and normochromic anemia, thrombocytopenia and hypoproteinemia with hypoalbuminemia. Serology for Leishmania, Ehrlichia canis and Anaplasma phagocytophilum was negative. From lymph node and bone marrow analysis, T cell lymphoma, high grade, pleomorphic type, clinical stage V, was diagnosed. The dog was treated with a chemotherapy induction protocol with vincristine, cyclophosphamide, and prednisone for 8weeks. A faecal sample collected from the dog 7days after the beginning of the treatment and analysed by flotation test and a McMaster method, revealed the presence of 300 OPG N. caninum-like unsporulated oocysts of about 10-11μm in diameter. An aliquot of the same faecal sample analysed by PCR with species-specific primer pairs Np6+/Np21+ was positive for N. caninum DNA, while specific serology performed on sera collected at the first visit and a month later by IFAT, were positive with a titer of 1: 50 and 1:400, respectively. Soon after the dog died. Naturally occurring systemic illness or iatrogenic immunosuppression may predispose dogs to proliferation of the parasite. The dog was receiving chemo-immunosuppressive treatment for T cell lymphoma. For this reason it is possible to suppose that emission of Neospora oocysts in this dog was caused by reactivation of a latent infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Perrucci
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Università di Pisa, Viale delle Piagge n. 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Alessandra Gavazza
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Università di Pisa, Viale delle Piagge n. 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Guido Rocchigiani
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Università di Pisa, Viale delle Piagge n. 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Simona Nardoni
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Università di Pisa, Viale delle Piagge n. 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Alina Zbriger
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Università di Pisa, Viale delle Piagge n. 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy.
| | - George Lubas
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Università di Pisa, Viale delle Piagge n. 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Francesca Mancianti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Università di Pisa, Viale delle Piagge n. 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy.
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50
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Nardoni S, Pistelli L, Baronti I, Najar B, Pisseri F, Bandeira Reidel RV, Papini R, Perrucci S, Mancianti F. Traditional Mediterranean plants: characterization and use of an essential oils mixture to treat Malassezia otitis externa in atopic dogs. Nat Prod Res 2016; 31:1891-1894. [DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2016.1263853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Simona Nardoni
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Università degli Studi di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Luisa Pistelli
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Ilenia Baronti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Università degli Studi di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Basma Najar
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | | | - Roberto Papini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Università degli Studi di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Stefania Perrucci
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Università degli Studi di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Francesca Mancianti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Università degli Studi di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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