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Zheng Y, Yu M, Chen Y, Xue L, Zhu W, Fu G, Morris SW, Wen R, Wang D. CARD19, a Novel Regulator of the TAK1/NF-κB Pathway in Self-Reactive B Cells. J Immunol 2023; 210:1222-1235. [PMID: 36961449 PMCID: PMC10156913 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2200639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/25/2023]
Abstract
The caspase recruitment domain family member (CARD)11-Bcl10-Malt1 signalosome controls TGF-β-activated kinase 1 (TAK1) activation and regulates BCR-induced NF-κB activation. In this study, we discovered that CARD19 interacted with TAK1 and inhibited TAB2-mediated TAK1 ubiquitination and activation. Although CARD19 deficiency in mice did not affect B cell development, it enhanced clonal deletion, receptor editing, and anergy of self-reactive B cells, and it reduced autoantibody production. Mechanistically, CARD19 deficiency increased BCR/TAK1-mediated NF-κB activation, leading to increased expression of transcription factors Egr2/3, as well as the E3 ubiquitin ligases c-Cbl/Cbl-b, which are known inducers of B cell tolerance in self-reactive B cells. RNA sequencing analysis revealed that although CARD19 deficiency did not affect the overall Ag-induced gene expression in naive B cells, it suppressed BCR signaling and increased hyporesponsiveness of self-reactive B cells. As a result, CARD19 deficiency prevented Bm12-induced experimental systemic lupus erythematosus. In summary, CARD19 negatively regulates BCR/TAK1-induced NF-κB activation and its deficiency increases Egr2/3 and c-Cbl/Cbl-b expression in self-reactive B cells, thereby enhancing B cell tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mei Yu
- Versiti Blood Research Institute, Milwaukee, WI
| | - Yuhong Chen
- Versiti Blood Research Institute, Milwaukee, WI
| | | | - Wen Zhu
- Versiti Blood Research Institute, Milwaukee, WI
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI
| | - Guoping Fu
- Versiti Blood Research Institute, Milwaukee, WI
| | | | - Renren Wen
- Versiti Blood Research Institute, Milwaukee, WI
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI
| | - Demin Wang
- Versiti Blood Research Institute, Milwaukee, WI
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI
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Amador C, Bouska A, Wright G, Weisenburger DD, Feldman AL, Greiner TC, Lone W, Heavican T, Smith L, Pileri S, Tabanelli V, Ott G, Rosenwald A, Savage KJ, Slack G, Kim WS, Hyeh Y, Li Y, Dong G, Song J, Ondrejka S, Cook JR, Barrionuevo C, Lim ST, Ong CK, Chapman J, Inghirami G, Raess PW, Bhagavathi S, Gould C, Blombery P, Jaffe E, Morris SW, Rimsza LM, Vose JM, Staudt L, Chan WC, Iqbal J. Gene Expression Signatures for the Accurate Diagnosis of Peripheral T-Cell Lymphoma Entities in the Routine Clinical Practice. J Clin Oncol 2022; 40:4261-4275. [PMID: 35839444 PMCID: PMC9916147 DOI: 10.1200/jco.21.02707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Peripheral T-cell lymphoma (PTCL) includes heterogeneous clinicopathologic entities with numerous diagnostic and treatment challenges. We previously defined robust transcriptomic signatures that distinguish common PTCL entities and identified two novel biologic and prognostic PTCL-not otherwise specified subtypes (PTCL-TBX21 and PTCL-GATA3). We aimed to consolidate a gene expression-based subclassification using formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissues to improve the accuracy and precision in PTCL diagnosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS We assembled a well-characterized PTCL training cohort (n = 105) with gene expression profiling data to derive a diagnostic signature using fresh-frozen tissue on the HG-U133plus2.0 platform (Affymetrix, Inc, Santa Clara, CA) subsequently validated using matched FFPE tissues in a digital gene expression profiling platform (nCounter, NanoString Technologies, Inc, Seattle, WA). Statistical filtering approaches were applied to refine the transcriptomic signatures and then validated in another PTCL cohort (n = 140) with rigorous pathology review and ancillary assays. RESULTS In the training cohort, the refined transcriptomic classifier in FFPE tissues showed high sensitivity (> 80%), specificity (> 95%), and accuracy (> 94%) for PTCL subclassification compared with the fresh-frozen-derived diagnostic model and showed high reproducibility between three independent laboratories. In the validation cohort, the transcriptional classifier matched the pathology diagnosis rendered by three expert hematopathologists in 85% (n = 119) of the cases, showed borderline association with the molecular signatures in 6% (n = 8), and disagreed in 8% (n = 11). The classifier improved the pathology diagnosis in two cases, validated by clinical findings. Of the 11 cases with disagreements, four had a molecular classification that may provide an improvement over pathology diagnosis on the basis of overall transcriptomic and morphological features. The molecular subclassification provided a comprehensive molecular characterization of PTCL subtypes, including viral etiologic factors and translocation partners. CONCLUSION We developed a novel transcriptomic approach for PTCL subclassification that facilitates translation into clinical practice with higher precision and uniformity than conventional pathology diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catalina Amador
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE
| | - Alyssa Bouska
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE
| | - George Wright
- Biometric Research Program, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | | | - Andrew L. Feldman
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN
| | - Timothy C. Greiner
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE
| | - Waseem Lone
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE
| | - Tayla Heavican
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE
| | - Lynette Smith
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE
| | - Stefano Pileri
- European Institute of Oncology, Milan/Bologna University School of Medicine, Bologna, Italy
| | - Valentina Tabanelli
- European Institute of Oncology, Milan/Bologna University School of Medicine, Bologna, Italy
| | - German Ott
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Robert-Bosch Krankenhaus and Dr Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Andreas Rosenwald
- Institute of Pathology, University of Wurzburg, and Comprehensive Cancer Center Mainfranken, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Kerry J. Savage
- Center for Lymphoid Cancer, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Graham Slack
- Center for Lymphoid Cancer, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Won Seog Kim
- Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young Hyeh
- Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yuping Li
- Department of Pathology, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA
| | - Gehong Dong
- Department of Pathology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Joo Song
- Department of Pathology, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA
| | - Sarah Ondrejka
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
| | - James R. Cook
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
| | - Carlos Barrionuevo
- Departamento de Patologia Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Neoplásicas, Facultad de Medicina Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Peru
| | - Soon Thye Lim
- Division of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore/Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Choon Kiat Ong
- Division of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore/Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Giorgio Inghirami
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weil Cornell Medical College, New York, NY
| | - Philipp W. Raess
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR
| | | | - Clare Gould
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | - Elaine Jaffe
- Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD
| | | | - Lisa M. Rimsza
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Scottsdale, AZ
| | - Julie M. Vose
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE
| | - Louis Staudt
- Metabolism Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Wing C. Chan
- Department of Pathology, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA
| | - Javeed Iqbal
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE
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Elagib KE, Brock A, Clementelli CM, Mosoyan G, Delehanty LL, Sahu RK, Pacheco-Benichou A, Fruit C, Besson T, Morris SW, Eto K, Jobaliya C, French DL, Gadue P, Singh S, Shi X, Qin F, Cornelison R, Li H, Iancu-Rubin C, Goldfarb AN. Relieving Dyrk1a repression of MKL1 confers an adult-like phenotype to human infantile megakaryocytes. J Clin Invest 2022; 132:154839. [PMID: 35925681 PMCID: PMC9525118 DOI: 10.1172/jci154839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Infantile (fetal and neonatal) megakaryocytes (Mks) have a distinct phenotype consisting of hyperproliferation, limited morphogenesis, and low platelet production capacity. These properties contribute to clinical problems that include thrombocytopenia in neonates, delayed platelet engraftment in recipients of cord blood stem cell transplants, and inefficient ex vivo platelet production from pluripotent stem cell–derived Mks. The infantile phenotype results from deficiency of the actin-regulated coactivator, MKL1, which programs cytoskeletal changes driving morphogenesis. As a strategy to complement this molecular defect, we screened pathways with the potential to affect MKL1 function and found that DYRK1A inhibition dramatically enhanced Mk morphogenesis in vitro and in vivo. Dyrk1 inhibitors rescued enlargement, polyploidization, and thrombopoiesis in human neonatal Mks. Mks derived from induced pluripotent stem cells responded in a similar manner. Progenitors undergoing Dyrk1 inhibition demonstrated filamentous actin assembly, MKL1 nuclear translocation, and modulation of MKL1 target genes. Loss-of-function studies confirmed MKL1 involvement in this morphogenetic pathway. Expression of Ablim2, a stabilizer of filamentous actin, increased with Dyrk1 inhibition, and Ablim2 knockdown abrogated the actin, MKL1, and morphogenetic responses to Dyrk1 inhibition. These results delineate a pharmacologically tractable morphogenetic pathway whose manipulation may alleviate clinical problems associated with the limited thrombopoietic capacity of infantile Mks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamaleldin E Elagib
- Department of Pathology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, United States of America
| | - Ashton Brock
- Department of Pathology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, United States of America
| | - Cara M Clementelli
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, United States of America
| | - Gohar Mosoyan
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, United States of America
| | - Lorrie L Delehanty
- Department of Pathology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, United States of America
| | - Ranjit K Sahu
- Department of Pathology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, United States of America
| | | | | | | | - Stephan W Morris
- Medical Oncology, Memphis Bioworks Foundation, Memphis, United States of America
| | - Koji Eto
- Clinical Application, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Chintan Jobaliya
- Center of Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, United States of America
| | - Deborah L French
- Center of Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, United States of America
| | - Paul Gadue
- Center of Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, United States of America
| | - Sandeep Singh
- Department of Pathology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, United States of America
| | - Xinrui Shi
- Department of Pathology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, United States of America
| | - Fujun Qin
- Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Henan, China
| | - Robert Cornelison
- Department of Pathology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, United States of America
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Pathology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, United States of America
| | - Camelia Iancu-Rubin
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, United States of America
| | - Adam N Goldfarb
- Department of Pathology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, United States of America
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Masuda H, Harano K, Miura S, Wang Y, Hirota Y, Harada O, Jolly MK, Matsunaga Y, Lim B, Wood AL, Parinyanitikul N, Jin Lee H, Gong G, George JT, Levine H, Lee J, Wang X, Lucci A, Rao A, Schweitzer BL, Lawrence OR, Seitz RS, Morris SW, Hout DR, Nakamura S, Krishnamurthy S, Ueno NT. Changes in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Molecular Subtypes in Patients Without Pathologic Complete Response After Neoadjuvant Systemic Chemotherapy. JCO Precis Oncol 2022; 6:e2000368. [PMID: 35294223 PMCID: PMC8939918 DOI: 10.1200/po.20.00368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Lehmann et al have identified four molecular subtypes of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC)-basal-like (BL) 1, BL2, mesenchymal (M), and luminal androgen receptor-and an immunomodulatory (IM) gene expression signature modifier. Our group previously showed that the response of TNBC to neoadjuvant systemic chemotherapy (NST) differs by molecular subtype, but whether NST affects the subtype was unknown. Here, we tested the hypothesis that in patients without pathologic complete response, TNBC subtypes can change after NST. Moreover, in cases with the changed subtype, we determined whether epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) had occurred. MATERIALS AND METHODS From the Pan-Pacific TNBC Consortium data set containing TNBC patient samples from four countries, we examined 64 formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded pairs of matched pre- and post-NST tumor samples. The TNBC subtype was determined using the TNBCtype-IM assay. We analyzed a partial EMT gene expression scoring metric using mRNA data. RESULTS Of the 64 matched pairs, 36 (56%) showed a change in the TNBC subtype after NST. The most frequent change was from BL1 to M subtypes (38%). No tumors changed from M to BL1. The IM signature was positive in 14 (22%) patients before NST and eight (12.5%) patients after NST. The EMT score increased after NST in 28 (78%) of the 36 patients with the changed subtype (v 39% of the 28 patients without change; P = .002254). CONCLUSION We report, to our knowledge, for the first time that the TNBC molecular subtype and IM signature frequently change after NST. Our results also suggest that EMT is promoted by NST. Our findings may lead to innovative adjuvant therapy strategies in TNBC cases with residual tumor after NST.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroko Masuda
- Department of Breast Surgical Oncology, Showa University, Tokyo, Japan
- Morgan Welch Inflammatory Breast Cancer Research Program and Clinic, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Kenichi Harano
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - Sakiko Miura
- Department of Pathology, Showa University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Yuko Hirota
- Department of Pathology, Showa University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Oi Harada
- Department of Breast Surgical Oncology, Showa University, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Pathology, Kameda General Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Mohit Kumar Jolly
- Centre for BioSystems Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Yuki Matsunaga
- Department of Breast Surgical Oncology, Showa University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Bora Lim
- Morgan Welch Inflammatory Breast Cancer Research Program and Clinic, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Anita L. Wood
- Morgan Welch Inflammatory Breast Cancer Research Program and Clinic, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Napa Parinyanitikul
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University and King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Hee Jin Lee
- Department of Pathology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Gyungyub Gong
- Department of Pathology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jason T. George
- Center for Theoretical Biological Physics, Rice University, Houston, TX
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
- Intercollegiate School of Engineering Medicine, Texas A&M University, Houston, TX
| | - Herbert Levine
- Departments of Bioengineering and Physics, Northeastern University, Boston, MA
| | - Jangsoon Lee
- Morgan Welch Inflammatory Breast Cancer Research Program and Clinic, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Xiaoping Wang
- Morgan Welch Inflammatory Breast Cancer Research Program and Clinic, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Anthony Lucci
- Morgan Welch Inflammatory Breast Cancer Research Program and Clinic, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
- Department of Breast Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Arvind Rao
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | | | | | - Robert S. Seitz
- Oncocyte Corporation (formerly Insight Genetics), Nashville, TN
| | | | - David R. Hout
- Oncocyte Corporation (formerly Insight Genetics), Nashville, TN
| | - Seigo Nakamura
- Department of Breast Surgical Oncology, Showa University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Savitri Krishnamurthy
- Morgan Welch Inflammatory Breast Cancer Research Program and Clinic, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Naoto T. Ueno
- Morgan Welch Inflammatory Breast Cancer Research Program and Clinic, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
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Morris SW, Fisher B, Murphy K. Abstract 1720: Ax-101, an immunostimulatory small molecule, markedly enhances the antitumor activity of PD1 immune checkpoint blockade in multiple preclinical solid tumor models. Cancer Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2021-1720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Ax-101, a small-molecule immunomodulator with a yet-to-be elucidated MoA, enhances lymphocyte proliferation, induces a Th1 profile, increases T-cell cytotoxicity, and improves the M1/M2 ratio. Specific Ax-101 effects include upregulated cell-surface TNFalpha (sTNF) on human T cells and monocytes, increased (>7.5x) T-cell cytotoxicity, upregulation by human PBMC of antitumor cytokines (e.g., IL-2, IFN-gamma, TNFalpha) and downregulation of cytokines that mediate immune evasion (e.g., IL-10), and decreased immune-suppressive myeloid cells. Syngeneic mouse cancer models including bladder (MBT-2), colorectal (CT-26), melanoma (Cloudman), and lymphoma (A20) show the addition of Ax-101 to anti-PD1 to improve outcomes. For example, neither Ax-101 nor anti-PD1 monotherapy had significant effects on mean tumor volume (MTV) in MBT-2 mice, while an Ax-101/anti-PD1 (same doses/regimen) combo resulted in up to 44% reduction in MTV c/w anti-PD1 alone (p < 0.05). Further, 30% (3/10) of MBT-2 mice achieved CR with the combo, whereas no CRs were seen with anti-PD1 alone. In CT-26 mice, 25% (2/8) achieved CR, whereas no CRs occurred with anti-PD1 only; subset analysis of mice exhibiting at least some antitumor response to anti-PD1 alone (6/8) or the Ax-101/anti-PD1 combo (5/8) revealed a 40% CR rate and MTV reduction of up to 75% in combo-treated animals. In Cloudman melanomas, all (5/5) mice receiving Ax-101/anti-PD1 throughout their treatment achieved CR. Importantly, in mice with rapidly growing melanomas refractory to anti-PD1 for 12 d, Ax-101 addition reversed growth, with 4/5 mice achieving CR. Of note, 9 Cloudman mice achieving CR were re-injected with 3x the melanoma cells they initially received and followed with no therapy. Only 1/9 mice developed tumor over 73 d; thus, Ax-101/anti-PD1 may elicit a vaccine-like effect. Anti-PD1 alone and the Ax-101/antiPD1 combo in A20 mice resulted in 23% and 40% lower MTVs c/w control. Ax-101 was previously in Ph 1/2 monotherapy studies in follicular lymphoma (FL) and myeloma (M) (CT.gov IDs: NCT00006466, NCT00007839). Thirty-two patients received 2 µg SQ Ax-101 q2 wkly or wkly for up to 18 months. No Grade 3 or higher toxicities were observed. Five of 14 FL patients showed tumor reduction from 16-64%, while 1/17 M patients showed 50% reduced M-protein; maximum responses occurred between 43 days and over 1 year. Increased PBMC sTNF was seen in all patients tested (8 with FL, 6 with M) (p = 0.0006). Consistent with Ax-101 activity depending on a functional immune system, delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) testing showed all responders to be DTH+ (5 tumor reduction, 4 SD); 5 anergic (DTH-) patients had SD at best (2 SD, 3 worse). Current Ax-101 clinical development will leverage its beneficial immunostimulatory properties to augment the efficacy of anti-PD1 inhibitors such as pembrolizumab, nivolumab and cemiplimab.
Citation Format: Stephan W. Morris, Betsy Fisher, Kent Murphy. Ax-101, an immunostimulatory small molecule, markedly enhances the antitumor activity of PD1 immune checkpoint blockade in multiple preclinical solid tumor models [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2021; 2021 Apr 10-15 and May 17-21. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2021;81(13_Suppl):Abstract nr 1720.
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Upadhayaya RS, Kethiri RR, Morris SW, Shepard HM, Saks SR, Weickert MJ. Abstract 3067: OHM-581, a dual JAK2-BET inhibitor for the treatment of myelofibrosis and other hematologic malignancies. Cancer Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2019-3067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Ruxolitinib is the only JAK2 inhibitor approved for myelofibrosis (MF). Although JAK2 inhibitor therapy improves splenomegaly and systemic symptoms, it does not significantly reduce the MF clone or alter the natural history and survival in most patients. The novel small molecule OHM-581 not only inhibits JAK2, but also BET (bromodomain and extra terminal) proteins such as BRD4. Dual JAK2 and BET inhibition using other molecules has shown superior efficacy in murine MF models compared with JAK2 inhibition alone including amelioration of fibrosis, synergistic induction of apoptosis of primary patient, post-MF secondary acute myeloid leukemia (sAML) blasts, and significant improvement of the survival of mice engrafted with human sAML cells. OHM-581 is being developed for the treatment of MF and other hematologic malignancies to leverage these advantages of dual JAK2-BET inhibition.
Results: In vitro biochemical assays show OHM-581 to inhibit BRD4 BD1 and BD2 with IC50s of 189 and 116 nM, respectively, and JAK2 with an IC50 of 7.1 nM (JAK1=244 nM; JAK3=76 nM). No significant hERG liability was seen. OHM-581 displays significant anti-proliferative activity against multiple liquid cancer cell lines. Notably, the GI50 values for MV4-11 (AML, MLL fusion+), HEL 92.1.7 (AML, JAK2V617F+) and UKE-1 (AML, JAK2V617F+) are 32, 87 and 140 nM, respectively. Consistent with its mechanism of action, OHM-581 robustly down-regulates cMYC expression (cMYC mRNA down-regulation IC50=18.6 nM compared with 41.4 nM for BET inhibitor JQ1) and JAK2 signaling. Moreover, the compound triggers apoptosis in MV4-11 cells (~7-fold increase in Caspase 3/7 activity at 24-h). OHM-581 does not reflect an efflux liability, the efflux ratio being nearly 1.8. OHM-581 is soluble in PBS pH7.4 at 26 µM and metabolically stable with nearly 51%, 67% and 88% remaining in mouse, rat and human liver microsomes, respectively, after 30 min. OHM-581 exhibits an oral bioavailability of ~40%. As compared to the small molecule fedratinib, which is also being developed for MF, OHM-581 does not inhibit thiamine uptake. Dose proportionality with a greater than proportional increase in both Cmax and AUC at doses up to 60 mg/kg, and a saturation of Cmax at doses of 60 mg/kg and higher, are observed for OHM-581. In vivo efficacy studies using an MV4-11 xenograft model demonstrate robust tumor inhibition (~75-90%) following doses of 30 and 60 mg/kg po BID for 20 days.
Conclusion: OHM-581 is a novel dual inhibitor of JAK2 and BET that has potential as a therapeutic agent for MF and other hematologic malignancies. In addition to IND-enabling studies, current OHM-581 development activities are focused on further proof-of-concept analyses using preclinical models of MF and other myeloproliferative neoplasms, with results to be reported.
Citation Format: Ram S. Upadhayaya, Raghava Reddy Kethiri, Stephan W. Morris, H. Michael Shepard, Samuel R. Saks, Michael J. Weickert. OHM-581, a dual JAK2-BET inhibitor for the treatment of myelofibrosis and other hematologic malignancies [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 3067.
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Guenther C, Faisal I, Uotila LM, Asens ML, Harjunpää H, Savinko T, Öhman T, Yao S, Moser M, Morris SW, Tojkander S, Fagerholm SC. A β2-Integrin/MRTF-A/SRF Pathway Regulates Dendritic Cell Gene Expression, Adhesion, and Traction Force Generation. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1138. [PMID: 31191527 PMCID: PMC6546827 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
β2-integrins are essential for immune system function because they mediate immune cell adhesion and signaling. Consequently, a loss of β2-integrin expression or function causes the immunodeficiency disorders, Leukocyte Adhesion Deficiency (LAD) type I and III. LAD-III is caused by mutations in an important integrin regulator, kindlin-3, but exactly how kindlin-3 regulates leukocyte adhesion has remained incompletely understood. Here we demonstrate that mutation of the kindlin-3 binding site in the β2-integrin (TTT/AAA-β2-integrin knock-in mouse/KI) abolishes activation of the actin-regulated myocardin related transcription factor A/serum response factor (MRTF-A/SRF) signaling pathway in dendritic cells and MRTF-A/SRF-dependent gene expression. We show that Ras homolog gene family, member A (RhoA) activation and filamentous-actin (F-actin) polymerization is abolished in murine TTT/AAA-β2-integrin KI dendritic cells, which leads to a failure of MRTF-A to localize to the cell nucleus to coactivate genes together with SRF. In addition, we show that dendritic cell gene expression, adhesion and integrin-mediated traction forces on ligand coated surfaces is dependent on the MRTF-A/SRF signaling pathway. The participation of β2-integrin and kindlin-3-mediated cell adhesion in the regulation of the ubiquitous MRTF-A/SRF signaling pathway in immune cells may help explain the role of β2-integrin and kindlin-3 in integrin-mediated gene regulation and immune system function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Guenther
- Fagerholm Lab, MIBS, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Imrul Faisal
- Fagerholm Lab, MIBS, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Liisa M Uotila
- Fagerholm Lab, MIBS, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Heidi Harjunpää
- Fagerholm Lab, MIBS, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Terhi Savinko
- Fagerholm Lab, MIBS, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tiina Öhman
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sean Yao
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Markus Moser
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Stephan W Morris
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, United States.,Department of Hematology-Oncology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Sari Tojkander
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Veterinary Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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Harano K, Wang Y, Masuda H, Lim B, Parinyanitikul N, Lee HJ, Seitz RS, Morris SW, Bailey DB, Hout DR, Rao A, Lucci A, Tripathy D, Krishnamurthy S, Ueno NT. Abstract P3-08-02: Withdrawn. Cancer Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.sabcs18-p3-08-02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
This abstract was withdrawn by the authors.
Citation Format: Harano K, Wang Y, Masuda H, Lim B, Parinyanitikul N, Lee H-J, Seitz RS, Morris SW, Bailey DB, Hout DR, Rao A, Lucci A, Tripathy D, Krishnamurthy S, Ueno NT. Withdrawn [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2018 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2018 Dec 4-8; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P3-08-02.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Harano
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan; Showa University, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, Japan; Chulalongkorn University, Pathumwan, Bangkok, Thailand; Asan Medical Center, Songpa-gu, Seoul, Korea; Insight Genetics, Inc., Nashville, TN; University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Y Wang
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan; Showa University, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, Japan; Chulalongkorn University, Pathumwan, Bangkok, Thailand; Asan Medical Center, Songpa-gu, Seoul, Korea; Insight Genetics, Inc., Nashville, TN; University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - H Masuda
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan; Showa University, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, Japan; Chulalongkorn University, Pathumwan, Bangkok, Thailand; Asan Medical Center, Songpa-gu, Seoul, Korea; Insight Genetics, Inc., Nashville, TN; University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - B Lim
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan; Showa University, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, Japan; Chulalongkorn University, Pathumwan, Bangkok, Thailand; Asan Medical Center, Songpa-gu, Seoul, Korea; Insight Genetics, Inc., Nashville, TN; University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - N Parinyanitikul
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan; Showa University, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, Japan; Chulalongkorn University, Pathumwan, Bangkok, Thailand; Asan Medical Center, Songpa-gu, Seoul, Korea; Insight Genetics, Inc., Nashville, TN; University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - H-J Lee
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan; Showa University, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, Japan; Chulalongkorn University, Pathumwan, Bangkok, Thailand; Asan Medical Center, Songpa-gu, Seoul, Korea; Insight Genetics, Inc., Nashville, TN; University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - RS Seitz
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan; Showa University, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, Japan; Chulalongkorn University, Pathumwan, Bangkok, Thailand; Asan Medical Center, Songpa-gu, Seoul, Korea; Insight Genetics, Inc., Nashville, TN; University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - SW Morris
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan; Showa University, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, Japan; Chulalongkorn University, Pathumwan, Bangkok, Thailand; Asan Medical Center, Songpa-gu, Seoul, Korea; Insight Genetics, Inc., Nashville, TN; University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - DB Bailey
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan; Showa University, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, Japan; Chulalongkorn University, Pathumwan, Bangkok, Thailand; Asan Medical Center, Songpa-gu, Seoul, Korea; Insight Genetics, Inc., Nashville, TN; University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - DR Hout
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan; Showa University, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, Japan; Chulalongkorn University, Pathumwan, Bangkok, Thailand; Asan Medical Center, Songpa-gu, Seoul, Korea; Insight Genetics, Inc., Nashville, TN; University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - A Rao
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan; Showa University, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, Japan; Chulalongkorn University, Pathumwan, Bangkok, Thailand; Asan Medical Center, Songpa-gu, Seoul, Korea; Insight Genetics, Inc., Nashville, TN; University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - A Lucci
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan; Showa University, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, Japan; Chulalongkorn University, Pathumwan, Bangkok, Thailand; Asan Medical Center, Songpa-gu, Seoul, Korea; Insight Genetics, Inc., Nashville, TN; University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - D Tripathy
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan; Showa University, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, Japan; Chulalongkorn University, Pathumwan, Bangkok, Thailand; Asan Medical Center, Songpa-gu, Seoul, Korea; Insight Genetics, Inc., Nashville, TN; University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - S Krishnamurthy
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan; Showa University, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, Japan; Chulalongkorn University, Pathumwan, Bangkok, Thailand; Asan Medical Center, Songpa-gu, Seoul, Korea; Insight Genetics, Inc., Nashville, TN; University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - NT Ueno
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan; Showa University, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, Japan; Chulalongkorn University, Pathumwan, Bangkok, Thailand; Asan Medical Center, Songpa-gu, Seoul, Korea; Insight Genetics, Inc., Nashville, TN; University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
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9
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Masuda H, Miura S, Harano K, Wang Y, Hirota Y, Matsunaga Y, Lim B, Lucci A, Parinyanitikul N, Lee HJ, Gong G, Rao A, Seitz RS, Morris SW, Hout DR, Nakamura S, Tripathy D, Harada O, Krishnamurthy S, Ueno NT. Abstract P4-02-05: Apocrine morphology and LAR molecular subtype predict prognosis of TNBC patients with residual disease after neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Cancer Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.sabcs18-p4-02-05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background: TNBC molecular subtype classification updated by Lehmann et al. includes 4 subtypes: basal-like 1 and 2 (BL1), (BL2), mesenchymal (M), and luminal androgen receptor (LAR), and as a modifier of these subtypes, an Immunomodulatory (IM) gene expression signature. However, molecular subtypes have not been linked to morphological features of TNBC. Apocrine carcinoma has been proposed as a TNBC category that expresses androgen receptor. LAR-subtype TNBC has a poor response to neoadjuvant systemic therapy (NST). We hypothesized that defining the apocrine-featured TNBC by morphology and molecular subtype predict the prognosis of patients with residual disease after NST. Methods: We created the Pan-Pacific TNBC Consortium dataset, which contains paired samples of matched pre and post-NST TNBC tumors from 4 institutions. All patients received NST and didn't have a pathological complete response (pCR). Three pathologists examined hematoxylin and eosin-stained slides of 86 pre-NST samples and determined (1) the presence of apocrine differentiation, (2) the level of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), (3) the histological grade (HG), and (4) the rate of necrosis. These morphological features were compared among the subtypes. For a sample to be considered apocrine positive, apocrine differentiation had to be identified by 2 or more pathologists. Fisher's exact test was used to test the association of subtypes and morphological features. The log-rank test was used to compare disease-free survival (DFS). Results: Twelve of 24 (50%) apocrine-positive tumor samples were LAR subtype, and12 of 17 (70%) LAR-subtype tumor samples exhibited apocrine differentiation. The other subtypes showed following: BL1, 11/44 (25%); BL2, 0/7 (0%); M, 1/10 (10%); unclassified, 0/8 (0%). The median follow-up time was 22 months. In all populations, 2-year DFS rates were higher in patients with apocrine-positive tumors than in those whose tumors did not exhibit apocrine differentiation (P = .027; 2-year DFS, 85% vs 54%). The LAR subtype was also associated with lower HG, although LAR tumors had a similar prognosis to the other subtypes. In the combined analysis of subtypes and apocrine differentiation, patients with apocrine-positive LAR tumors had a higher 2-year DFS rate than did those with apocrine-negative LAR tumors (P = .044; 2-year DFS, 88% vs. 30%). However, patients with apocrine-positive BL1 tumors had no better DFS than did those with apocrine-negative BL1 tumors (P = .133). TIL levels and the presence of the IM signature were positively associated (P = .01), and apocrine differentiation positivity tended to be negatively associated with TIL level (P = .06). Neither TIL level nor IM signature was associated with survival. Conclusion: Apocrine differentiation was associated with the LAR subtype of TNBC and better prognosis in patients who did not have a pCR. The LAR subtype alone did not predict DFS; however, LAR tumors with apocrine differentiation had a better prognosis than did LAR tumors without apocrine differentiation. Using a combination of morphologic and genomic testing may be helpful in determining the prognosis of patients with apocrine-positive TNBC tumors who have residual disease after NST.
Citation Format: Masuda H, Miura S, Harano K, Wang Y, Hirota Y, Matsunaga Y, Lim B, Lucci A, Parinyanitikul N, Lee HJ, Gong G, Rao A, Seitz RS, Morris SW, Hout DR, Nakamura S, Tripathy D, Harada O, Krishnamurthy S, Ueno NT. Apocrine morphology and LAR molecular subtype predict prognosis of TNBC patients with residual disease after neoadjuvant chemotherapy [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2018 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2018 Dec 4-8; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P4-02-05.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Masuda
- Showa University, Tokyo, Japan; National Cancer Center Hospital East, Chiba, Japan; The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston; Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand; University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea; Insight Genetics, Inc.,, Nashville, TN; Kameda General Hospital, Kamogawa, Japan
| | - S Miura
- Showa University, Tokyo, Japan; National Cancer Center Hospital East, Chiba, Japan; The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston; Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand; University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea; Insight Genetics, Inc.,, Nashville, TN; Kameda General Hospital, Kamogawa, Japan
| | - K Harano
- Showa University, Tokyo, Japan; National Cancer Center Hospital East, Chiba, Japan; The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston; Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand; University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea; Insight Genetics, Inc.,, Nashville, TN; Kameda General Hospital, Kamogawa, Japan
| | - Y Wang
- Showa University, Tokyo, Japan; National Cancer Center Hospital East, Chiba, Japan; The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston; Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand; University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea; Insight Genetics, Inc.,, Nashville, TN; Kameda General Hospital, Kamogawa, Japan
| | - Y Hirota
- Showa University, Tokyo, Japan; National Cancer Center Hospital East, Chiba, Japan; The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston; Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand; University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea; Insight Genetics, Inc.,, Nashville, TN; Kameda General Hospital, Kamogawa, Japan
| | - Y Matsunaga
- Showa University, Tokyo, Japan; National Cancer Center Hospital East, Chiba, Japan; The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston; Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand; University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea; Insight Genetics, Inc.,, Nashville, TN; Kameda General Hospital, Kamogawa, Japan
| | - B Lim
- Showa University, Tokyo, Japan; National Cancer Center Hospital East, Chiba, Japan; The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston; Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand; University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea; Insight Genetics, Inc.,, Nashville, TN; Kameda General Hospital, Kamogawa, Japan
| | - A Lucci
- Showa University, Tokyo, Japan; National Cancer Center Hospital East, Chiba, Japan; The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston; Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand; University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea; Insight Genetics, Inc.,, Nashville, TN; Kameda General Hospital, Kamogawa, Japan
| | - N Parinyanitikul
- Showa University, Tokyo, Japan; National Cancer Center Hospital East, Chiba, Japan; The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston; Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand; University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea; Insight Genetics, Inc.,, Nashville, TN; Kameda General Hospital, Kamogawa, Japan
| | - HJ Lee
- Showa University, Tokyo, Japan; National Cancer Center Hospital East, Chiba, Japan; The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston; Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand; University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea; Insight Genetics, Inc.,, Nashville, TN; Kameda General Hospital, Kamogawa, Japan
| | - G Gong
- Showa University, Tokyo, Japan; National Cancer Center Hospital East, Chiba, Japan; The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston; Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand; University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea; Insight Genetics, Inc.,, Nashville, TN; Kameda General Hospital, Kamogawa, Japan
| | - A Rao
- Showa University, Tokyo, Japan; National Cancer Center Hospital East, Chiba, Japan; The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston; Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand; University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea; Insight Genetics, Inc.,, Nashville, TN; Kameda General Hospital, Kamogawa, Japan
| | - RS Seitz
- Showa University, Tokyo, Japan; National Cancer Center Hospital East, Chiba, Japan; The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston; Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand; University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea; Insight Genetics, Inc.,, Nashville, TN; Kameda General Hospital, Kamogawa, Japan
| | - SW Morris
- Showa University, Tokyo, Japan; National Cancer Center Hospital East, Chiba, Japan; The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston; Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand; University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea; Insight Genetics, Inc.,, Nashville, TN; Kameda General Hospital, Kamogawa, Japan
| | - DR Hout
- Showa University, Tokyo, Japan; National Cancer Center Hospital East, Chiba, Japan; The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston; Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand; University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea; Insight Genetics, Inc.,, Nashville, TN; Kameda General Hospital, Kamogawa, Japan
| | - S Nakamura
- Showa University, Tokyo, Japan; National Cancer Center Hospital East, Chiba, Japan; The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston; Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand; University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea; Insight Genetics, Inc.,, Nashville, TN; Kameda General Hospital, Kamogawa, Japan
| | - D Tripathy
- Showa University, Tokyo, Japan; National Cancer Center Hospital East, Chiba, Japan; The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston; Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand; University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea; Insight Genetics, Inc.,, Nashville, TN; Kameda General Hospital, Kamogawa, Japan
| | - O Harada
- Showa University, Tokyo, Japan; National Cancer Center Hospital East, Chiba, Japan; The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston; Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand; University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea; Insight Genetics, Inc.,, Nashville, TN; Kameda General Hospital, Kamogawa, Japan
| | - S Krishnamurthy
- Showa University, Tokyo, Japan; National Cancer Center Hospital East, Chiba, Japan; The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston; Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand; University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea; Insight Genetics, Inc.,, Nashville, TN; Kameda General Hospital, Kamogawa, Japan
| | - NT Ueno
- Showa University, Tokyo, Japan; National Cancer Center Hospital East, Chiba, Japan; The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston; Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand; University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea; Insight Genetics, Inc.,, Nashville, TN; Kameda General Hospital, Kamogawa, Japan
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10
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Harano K, Wang Y, Lim B, Seitz RS, Morris SW, Bailey DB, Hout DR, Skelton RL, Ring BZ, Masuda H, Rao AUK, Laere SV, Bertucci F, Woodward WA, Reuben JM, Krishnamurthy S, Ueno NT. Rates of immune cell infiltration in patients with triple-negative breast cancer by molecular subtype. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0204513. [PMID: 30312311 PMCID: PMC6193579 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0204513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
In patients with triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) are associated with improved survival. Lehmann et al. identified 4 molecular subtypes of TNBC [basal-like (BL) 1, BL2, mesenchymal (M), and luminal androgen receptor (LAR)], and an immunomodulatory (IM) gene expression signature indicates the presence of TILs and modifies these subtypes. The association between TNBC subtype and TILs is not known. Also, the association between inflammatory breast cancer (IBC) and the presence of TILs is not known. Therefore, we studied the IM subtype distribution among different TNBC subtypes. We retrospectively analyzed patients with TNBC from the World IBC Consortium dataset. The molecular subtype and the IM signature [positive (IM+) or negative (IM-)] were analyzed. Fisher’s exact test was used to analyze the distribution of positivity for the IM signature according to the TNBC molecular subtype and IBC status. There were 88 patients with TNBC in the dataset, and among them 39 patients (44%) had IBC and 49 (56%) had non-IBC. The frequency of IM+ cases differed by TNBC subtype (p = 0.001). The frequency of IM+ cases by subtype was as follows: BL1, 48% (14/29); BL2, 30% (3/10); LAR, 18% (3/17); and M, 0% (0/21) (in 11 patients, the subtype could not be determined). The frequency of IM+ cases did not differ between patients with IBC and non-IBC (23% and 33%, respectively; p = 0.35). In conclusion, the IM signature representing the underlying molecular correlate of TILs in the tumor may differ by TNBC subtype but not by IBC status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenichi Harano
- Morgan Welch Inflammatory Breast Cancer Research Program and Clinic, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Department of Pulmonology Medicine and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Bora Lim
- Morgan Welch Inflammatory Breast Cancer Research Program and Clinic, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Robert S. Seitz
- Insight Genetics, Inc., Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Stephan W. Morris
- Insight Genetics, Inc., Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Daniel B. Bailey
- Insight Genetics, Inc., Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - David R. Hout
- Insight Genetics, Inc., Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Rachel L. Skelton
- Insight Genetics, Inc., Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Brian Z. Ring
- Insight Genetics, Inc., Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
- College of Life Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hiroko Masuda
- Department of Breast Surgical Oncology, Showa University, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Arvind U. K. Rao
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Steven Van Laere
- Center for Oncological Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Francois Bertucci
- Predictive Oncology team, CRCM, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France
| | - Wendy A. Woodward
- Morgan Welch Inflammatory Breast Cancer Research Program and Clinic, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - James M. Reuben
- Morgan Welch Inflammatory Breast Cancer Research Program and Clinic, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Savitri Krishnamurthy
- Morgan Welch Inflammatory Breast Cancer Research Program and Clinic, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- * E-mail: (SK); (NTU)
| | - Naoto T. Ueno
- Morgan Welch Inflammatory Breast Cancer Research Program and Clinic, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- * E-mail: (SK); (NTU)
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Hout DR, Schweitzer BL, Lawrence K, Morris SW, Tucker T, Mazzola R, Skelton R, McMahon F, Handshoe J, Lesperance M, Karsan A, Saltman DL. Performance of a RT-PCR Assay in Comparison to FISH and Immunohistochemistry for the Detection of ALK in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2017; 9:cancers9080099. [PMID: 28763012 PMCID: PMC5575602 DOI: 10.3390/cancers9080099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2017] [Revised: 07/19/2017] [Accepted: 07/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with lung cancers harboring an activating anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) rearrangement respond favorably to ALK inhibitor therapy. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and immunohistochemistry (IHC) are validated and widely used screening tests for ALK rearrangements but both methods have limitations. The ALK RGQ RT-PCR Kit (RT-PCR) is a single tube quantitative real-time PCR assay for high throughput and automated interpretation of ALK expression. In this study, we performed a direct comparison of formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) lung cancer specimens using all three ALK detection methods. The RT-PCR test (diagnostic cut-off ΔCt of ≤8) was shown to be highly sensitive (100%) when compared to FISH and IHC. Sequencing of RNA detected full-length ALK transcripts or EML4-ALK and KIF5B-ALK fusion variants in discordant cases in which ALK expression was detected by the ALK RT-PCR test but negative by FISH and IHC. The overall specificity of the RT-PCR test for the detection of ALK in cases without full-length ALK expression was 94% in comparison to FISH and sequencing. These data support the ALK RT-PCR test as a highly efficient and reliable diagnostic screening approach to identify patients with non-small cell lung cancer whose tumors are driven by oncogenic ALK.
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Affiliation(s)
- David R Hout
- Insight Genetics, Inc., Suite 510, 2 International Plaza, Nashville, TN 37217, USA.
| | - Brock L Schweitzer
- Insight Genetics, Inc., Suite 510, 2 International Plaza, Nashville, TN 37217, USA.
| | - Kasey Lawrence
- Insight Genetics, Inc., Suite 510, 2 International Plaza, Nashville, TN 37217, USA.
| | - Stephan W Morris
- Insight Genetics, Inc., Suite 510, 2 International Plaza, Nashville, TN 37217, USA.
| | - Tracy Tucker
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, BC Cancer Agency, 675 West 10th Avenue, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada.
| | - Rosetta Mazzola
- Department of Medical Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Agency, VIC 2410 Lee Avenue, Victoria, BC V8R 6V5, Canada.
| | - Rachel Skelton
- Insight Genetics, Inc., Suite 510, 2 International Plaza, Nashville, TN 37217, USA.
| | - Frank McMahon
- Insight Genetics, Inc., Suite 510, 2 International Plaza, Nashville, TN 37217, USA.
| | - John Handshoe
- Insight Genetics, Inc., Suite 510, 2 International Plaza, Nashville, TN 37217, USA.
| | - Mary Lesperance
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Victoria, Box 1700, STN CSC, Victoria, BC V8W 2Y2, Canada.
| | - Aly Karsan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, BC Cancer Agency, 675 West 10th Avenue, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada.
| | - David L Saltman
- Department of Medical Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Agency, VIC 2410 Lee Avenue, Victoria, BC V8R 6V5, Canada.
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Jovanović B, Sheng Q, Seitz RS, Lawrence KD, Morris SW, Thomas LR, Hout DR, Schweitzer BL, Guo Y, Pietenpol JA, Lehmann BD. Comparison of triple-negative breast cancer molecular subtyping using RNA from matched fresh-frozen versus formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue. BMC Cancer 2017; 17:241. [PMID: 28376728 PMCID: PMC5379658 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-017-3237-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2016] [Accepted: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a heterogeneous disease that lacks unifying molecular alterations that can guide therapy decisions. We previously identified distinct molecular subtypes of TNBC (TNBCtype) using gene expression data generated on a microarray platform using frozen tumor specimens. Tumors and cell lines representing the identified subtypes have distinct enrichment in biologically relevant transcripts with differing sensitivity to standard chemotherapies and targeted agents. Since our initial discoveries, RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) has evolved as a sensitive and quantitative tool to measure transcript abundance. METHODS To demonstrate that TNBC subtypes were similar between platforms, we compared gene expression from matched specimens profiled by both microarray and RNA-seq from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). In the clinical care of patients with TNBC, tumor specimens collected for diagnostic purposes are processed by formalin fixation and paraffin-embedding (FFPE). Thus, for TNBCtype to eventually have broad and practical clinical utility we performed RNA-seq gene expression and molecular classification comparison between fresh-frozen (FF) and FFPE tumor specimens. RESULTS Analysis of TCGA showed consistent subtype calls between 91% of evaluable samples demonstrating conservation of TNBC subtypes across microarray and RNA-seq platforms. We compared RNA-seq performed on 21-paired FF and FFPE TNBC specimens and evaluated genome alignment, transcript coverage, differential transcript enrichment and concordance of TNBC molecular subtype calls. We demonstrate that subtype accuracy between matched FF and FFPE samples increases with sequencing depth and correlation strength to an individual TNBC subtype. CONCLUSIONS TNBC subtypes were reliably identified from FFPE samples, with highest accuracy if the samples were less than 4 years old and reproducible subtyping increased with sequencing depth. To reproducibly subtype tumors using gene expression, it is critical to select genes that do not vary due to platform type, tissue processing or RNA isolation method. The majority of differentially expressed transcripts between matched FF and FFPE samples could be attributed to transcripts selected for by RNA enrichment method. While differentially expressed transcripts did not impact TNBC subtyping, they will provide guidance on determining which transcripts to avoid when implementing a gene set size reduction strategy. TRIAL REGISTRATION NCT00930930 07/01/2009.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bojana Jovanović
- Medical Oncology Department, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School and Broad Institute, Boston, 02215, MA, USA
| | - Quanhu Sheng
- Center for Quantitative Sciences, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, 37232, TN, USA
| | - Robert S Seitz
- Insight Genetics Incorporated, Nashville, 37217, TN, USA
| | | | | | - Lance R Thomas
- Insight Genetics Incorporated, Nashville, 37217, TN, USA
| | - David R Hout
- Insight Genetics Incorporated, Nashville, 37217, TN, USA
| | | | - Yan Guo
- Center for Quantitative Sciences, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, 37232, TN, USA
| | | | - Brian D Lehmann
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, 37232, TN, USA. .,Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA.
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Harano K, Wang Y, Lim B, Seitz RS, Morris SW, Bailey DB, Hout DR, Skelton RL, Ring BZ, Masuda H, Rao AUK, Woodward WA, Reuben JM, Ueno NT. Abstract P1-07-14: Rates of immune infiltration in patients with triple-negative breast cancers by molecular subtype and in patients with inflammatory and non-inflammatory breast cancers. Cancer Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.sabcs16-p1-07-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background
In patients with triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) have been reported to be associated with improved survival. Lehmann et al. identified 6 molecular subtypes of TNBC [basal-like (BL) 1, BL2, mesenchymal (M), mesenchymal stem like (MSL), immunomodulatory (IM), and luminal androgen receptor (LAR)], and we previously reported that TNBC subtype is a predictor of pathologic complete response (pCR). Recently, the IM gene expression signature has been shown to be indicative of the presence of TILs and has been incorporated into TNBC subtyping as a modifier of the other groups rather than a separate subtype. However, the association between TNBC subtype and the presence of TILs is not known. We hypothesized that the BL2 and LAR subtypes, which have low pCR rates, have low rates of immune infiltration. Inflammatory breast cancer (IBC) is an aggressive cancer that is frequently triple-negative. The association between IBC and the presence of TILs also is not known. In this study, we analyzed the association between TNBC molecular subtype and the IM signature and determined whether the IM signature differed between patients with IBC and non-IBC.
Methods
We retrospectively analyzed 88 patients with TNBC from the World IBC Consortium dataset for whom IBC status was known (IBC, n=39; non-IBC, n=49) and tumor gene expression data were available. TNBC specimens were classified using the TNBCtype algorithm (Insight Genetics, Inc., TN, USA), which uses a 101-gene signature. For each tumor, the TNBCtype algorithm reports the TNBC molecular subtype (BL1, BL2, M, MSL, or LAR) and the IM status, which is described as positive (IM+) or negative (IM-). Recently, Fisher's exact test was used to analyze differences in subtype distribution between the IM+ and IM- tumors.
Results
The subtype distribution differed significantly between the IM+ and IM- tumors
IM signature in TNBC subtypesSubtypeTotal (n=88)IM+ (n=32)IM- (n=56)BL13015 (50)15 (50)BL2202 (100)M808 (100)MSL3113 (42)18 (58)LAR121 (8)11 (92)Not determined53 (60)2 (40) (p=0.0087). The majority of IM+ cases occurred in the BL1 and MSL subtypes. No IM+ cases were observed in the BL2 or M subtypes, and only 1 was observed in the LAR subtype. IM+ cases occurred at roughly the same frequency in patients with IBC (33%) and non-IBC (37%, p=0.73).
Conclusions
TNBC molecular subtypes differ in their degree of immune infiltration, and most IM+ TNBCs are of the BL1 and MSL subtypes. Our finding that the proportion of IM+ cases was not different between IBC and non-IBC indicates that TILs are recruited to the tumor microenvironment similarly in IBC and non-IBC tumors. Further, Pietenpol et al recently showed that the MSL signature represents normal stromal cells rather than tumor cells by performing laser-capture microdissection of TNBC specimen. Validation studies are needed to corroborate and further expand upon our findings.
Citation Format: Harano K, Wang Y, Lim B, Seitz RS, Morris SW, Bailey DB, Hout DR, Skelton RL, Ring BZ, Masuda H, Rao AUK, Woodward WA, Reuben JM, Ueno NT. Rates of immune infiltration in patients with triple-negative breast cancers by molecular subtype and in patients with inflammatory and non-inflammatory breast cancers [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2016 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2016 Dec 6-10; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P1-07-14.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Harano
- Morgan Welch Inflammatory Breast Cancer Research Program and Clinic, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Insight Genetics, Inc., Nashville, TN; Showa University, Shinagawa, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Y Wang
- Morgan Welch Inflammatory Breast Cancer Research Program and Clinic, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Insight Genetics, Inc., Nashville, TN; Showa University, Shinagawa, Tokyo, Japan
| | - B Lim
- Morgan Welch Inflammatory Breast Cancer Research Program and Clinic, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Insight Genetics, Inc., Nashville, TN; Showa University, Shinagawa, Tokyo, Japan
| | - RS Seitz
- Morgan Welch Inflammatory Breast Cancer Research Program and Clinic, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Insight Genetics, Inc., Nashville, TN; Showa University, Shinagawa, Tokyo, Japan
| | - SW Morris
- Morgan Welch Inflammatory Breast Cancer Research Program and Clinic, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Insight Genetics, Inc., Nashville, TN; Showa University, Shinagawa, Tokyo, Japan
| | - DB Bailey
- Morgan Welch Inflammatory Breast Cancer Research Program and Clinic, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Insight Genetics, Inc., Nashville, TN; Showa University, Shinagawa, Tokyo, Japan
| | - DR Hout
- Morgan Welch Inflammatory Breast Cancer Research Program and Clinic, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Insight Genetics, Inc., Nashville, TN; Showa University, Shinagawa, Tokyo, Japan
| | - RL Skelton
- Morgan Welch Inflammatory Breast Cancer Research Program and Clinic, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Insight Genetics, Inc., Nashville, TN; Showa University, Shinagawa, Tokyo, Japan
| | - BZ Ring
- Morgan Welch Inflammatory Breast Cancer Research Program and Clinic, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Insight Genetics, Inc., Nashville, TN; Showa University, Shinagawa, Tokyo, Japan
| | - H Masuda
- Morgan Welch Inflammatory Breast Cancer Research Program and Clinic, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Insight Genetics, Inc., Nashville, TN; Showa University, Shinagawa, Tokyo, Japan
| | - AUK Rao
- Morgan Welch Inflammatory Breast Cancer Research Program and Clinic, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Insight Genetics, Inc., Nashville, TN; Showa University, Shinagawa, Tokyo, Japan
| | - WA Woodward
- Morgan Welch Inflammatory Breast Cancer Research Program and Clinic, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Insight Genetics, Inc., Nashville, TN; Showa University, Shinagawa, Tokyo, Japan
| | - JM Reuben
- Morgan Welch Inflammatory Breast Cancer Research Program and Clinic, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Insight Genetics, Inc., Nashville, TN; Showa University, Shinagawa, Tokyo, Japan
| | - NT Ueno
- Morgan Welch Inflammatory Breast Cancer Research Program and Clinic, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Insight Genetics, Inc., Nashville, TN; Showa University, Shinagawa, Tokyo, Japan
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Sun Y, Chao JR, Xu W, Pourpak A, Boyd K, Moshiach S, Qi GY, Fu A, Shao HR, Pounds S, Morris SW. MLF1 is a proapoptotic antagonist of HOP complex-mediated survival. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Res 2017; 1864:719-727. [PMID: 28137643 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2017.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2016] [Revised: 01/16/2017] [Accepted: 01/26/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
In the HAX1/HtrA2-OMI/PARL (HOP) mitochondrial protein complex, anti-apoptotic signals are generated by cleavage and activation of the serine protease HtrA2/OMI by the rhomboid protease PARL upon recruitment of both proteases to inner mitochondrial membrane protein HAX1 (HS1-associated protein X-1). Here we report the negative regulation of the HOP complex by human leukemia-associated myeloid leukemia factor 1 (MLF1). We demonstrate that MLF1 physically and functionally associates with HAX1 and HtrA2. Increased interaction of MLF1 with HAX1 and HtrA2 displaces HtrA2 from the HOP complex and inhibits HtrA2 cleavage and activation, resulting in the apoptotic cell death. Conversely, over-expressed HAX1 neutralizes MLF1's effect and inhibits MLF1-induced apoptosis. Importantly, Mlf1 deletion reverses B- and T-cell lymphopenia and significantly ameliorates the progressive striatal and cerebellar neurodegeneration observed in Hax1-/- mice, with a doubling of the lifespan of Mlf1-/-/Hax1-/- animals compared to Hax1-/- animals. Collectively, these data indicate that MLF1 serves as a proapoptotic antagonist that interacts with the HOP mitochondrial complex to modulate cell survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Sun
- Department of Oncology, ShiJiaZhuangShi First Hospital, 36 FanXiLu, ShiJiaZhuangShi, Hebei 050011, PR China; Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105-3678, USA.
| | - Jyh-Rong Chao
- Department of Biochemistry, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105-3678, USA
| | - Wu Xu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, Lafayette, LA 70504, USA
| | - Alan Pourpak
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105-3678, USA
| | - Kelli Boyd
- Department of Biochemistry, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105-3678, USA
| | - Simon Moshiach
- Department of Genetics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105-3678, USA
| | - Guo-Yan Qi
- Department of Oncology, ShiJiaZhuangShi First Hospital, 36 FanXiLu, ShiJiaZhuangShi, Hebei 050011, PR China
| | - Amina Fu
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105-3678, USA
| | - Hua-Rong Shao
- Department of Orthopaedics, ShiJiaZhuangShi First Hospital, 36 FanXiLu, ShiJiaZhuangShi, Hebei 050011, PR China
| | - Stanley Pounds
- Department of Biostatistics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105-3678, USA
| | - Stephan W Morris
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105-3678, USA
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Ring BZ, Hout DR, Morris SW, Lawrence K, Schweitzer BL, Bailey DB, Lehmann BD, Pietenpol JA, Seitz RS. Erratum to: Generation of an algorithm based on minimal gene sets to clinically subtype triple negative breast cancer patients. BMC Cancer 2016; 16:275. [PMID: 27090641 PMCID: PMC4835864 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-016-2307-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2016] [Accepted: 04/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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16
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Ring BZ, Hout DR, Morris SW, Lawrence K, Schweitzer BL, Bailey DB, Lehmann BD, Pietenpol JA, Seitz RS. Generation of an algorithm based on minimal gene sets to clinically subtype triple negative breast cancer patients. BMC Cancer 2016; 16:143. [PMID: 26908167 PMCID: PMC4763445 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-016-2198-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Accepted: 02/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recently, a gene expression algorithm, TNBCtype, was developed that can divide triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) into molecularly-defined subtypes. The algorithm has potential to provide predictive value for TNBC subtype-specific response to various treatments. TNBCtype used in a retrospective analysis of neoadjuvant clinical trial data of TNBC patients demonstrated that TNBC subtype and pathological complete response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy were significantly associated. Herein we describe an expression algorithm reduced to 101 genes with the power to subtype TNBC tumors similar to the original 2188-gene expression algorithm and predict patient outcomes. METHODS The new classification model was built using the same expression data sets used for the original TNBCtype algorithm. Gene set enrichment followed by shrunken centroid analysis were used for feature reduction, then elastic-net regularized linear modeling was used to identify genes for a centroid model classifying all subtypes, comprised of 101 genes. The predictive capability of both this new "lean" algorithm and the original 2188-gene model were applied to an independent clinical trial cohort of 139 TNBC patients treated initially with neoadjuvant doxorubicin/cyclophosphamide and then randomized to receive either paclitaxel or ixabepilone to determine association of pathologic complete response within the subtypes. RESULTS The new 101-gene expression model reproduced the classification provided by the 2188-gene algorithm and was highly concordant in the same set of seven TNBC cohorts used to generate the TNBCtype algorithm (87%), as well as in the independent clinical trial cohort (88%), when cases with significant correlations to multiple subtypes were excluded. Clinical responses to both neoadjuvant treatment arms, found BL2 to be significantly associated with poor response (Odds Ratio (OR) =0.12, p=0.03 for the 2188-gene model; OR = 0.23, p < 0.03 for the 101-gene model). Additionally, while the BL1 subtype trended towards significance in the 2188-gene model (OR = 1.91, p = 0.14), the 101-gene model demonstrated significant association with improved response in patients with the BL1 subtype (OR = 3.59, p = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate that a model using small gene sets can recapitulate the TNBC subtypes identified by the original 2188-gene model and in the case of standard chemotherapy, the ability to predict therapeutic response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Z Ring
- Institute of Personalized and Genomic Medicine, College of Life Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
| | - David R Hout
- Insight Genetics Incorporated, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.
| | | | - Kasey Lawrence
- Insight Genetics Incorporated, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.
| | | | | | - Brian D Lehmann
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.
| | - Jennifer A Pietenpol
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.
| | - Robert S Seitz
- Insight Genetics Incorporated, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.
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Sun Y, Fu A, Xu W, Chao JR, Moshiach S, Morris SW. Myeloid leukemia factor 1 interfered with Bcl-XL to promote apoptosis and its function was regulated by 14-3-3. J Physiol Biochem 2015; 71:807-21. [DOI: 10.1007/s13105-015-0445-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Weber B, Liu M, Sobkin P, Morris SW, Hout D, van der Westhuizen N, Tonseth RP, Saltman DL. Successful treatment of hepatic oligometastases with stereotactic ablative radiotherapy and radiofrequency ablation in an anaplastic lymphoma kinase fusion-positive lung cancer patient. J Med Radiat Sci 2015; 63:67-70. [PMID: 27087977 PMCID: PMC4775829 DOI: 10.1002/jmrs.144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2015] [Revised: 07/18/2015] [Accepted: 08/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Local ablative therapy with stereotactic ablative radiotherapy may improve survival in oncogene‐addicted lung cancer patients with extracranial oligometastatic disease treated with targeted therapies. There is limited data on the use of radiofrequency ablation (RFA) in this same setting. We present a case of an anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK)‐positive lung cancer patient with hepatic oligometastatic progression who was successfully treated with both stereotactic ablative radiation and RFA while continuing with an ALK inhibitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Britta Weber
- Department of Oncology Aarhus University Hospital Aarhus Denmark
| | - Mitchell Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology BC Cancer Agency Vancouver British Columbia Canada
| | - Paul Sobkin
- Department of Radiology Island Health Victoria British Columbia Canada
| | | | - David Hout
- Insight Genetics, Inc. Nashville Tennessee USA
| | | | - R Petter Tonseth
- Department of Functional Imaging BC Cancer Agency Vancouver British Columbia Canada
| | - David L Saltman
- Department of Medical Oncology BC Cancer Agency Victoria British Columbia Canada
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Lawrence K, Berry B, Handshoe J, Hout D, Mazzola R, Morris SW, Saltman DL. Detection of a TRAF1-ALK fusion in an anaplastic large cell lymphoma patient with chemotherapy and ALK inhibitor-resistant disease. BMC Res Notes 2015; 8:308. [PMID: 26187744 PMCID: PMC4506579 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-015-1277-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2014] [Accepted: 07/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) gene encodes a receptor tyrosine kinase, which was first identified as the fusion partner of the nucleophosmin (NPM1) gene in the recurrent t(2;5)(p23;q35) found in a subset of anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL). Several distinct, non-NPM1, ALK fusions have subsequently been described in lymphomas and other tumor types. All of these fusions result in the constitutive expression and activation of ALK and ALK signaling pathways, ultimately leading to the malignant phenotype. Case report A non-NPM1 fusion partner of ALK was identified in a 32-year-old Caucasian male ALCL patient whose disease was refractory to standard chemotherapy and autologous stem cell transplantation, and exhibited a poor response to a first-generation ALK inhibitor. Non-allele-specific ALK RT-qPCR revealed ALK overexpression and 5′ RACE PCR revealed that the patient’s lymphoma expressed a TRAF1-ALK fusion. Conclusions We report the case of an ALCL patient whose tumor harbored the newly recognized TRAF1-ALK fusion and describe the clinical outcome after treatment with an ALK inhibitor. The short survival of our patient may reflect a propensity toward aggressive behavior in lymphomas that express this ALK fusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasey Lawrence
- Insight Genetics, Suite 510, 2 International Plaza, Nashville, TN, 37217, USA.
| | - Brian Berry
- Department of Pathology, Royal Jubilee Hospital, 1952 Bay Street, Victoria, BC, V8R 1J8, Canada.
| | - John Handshoe
- Insight Genetics, Suite 510, 2 International Plaza, Nashville, TN, 37217, USA.
| | - David Hout
- Insight Genetics, Suite 510, 2 International Plaza, Nashville, TN, 37217, USA.
| | - Rosetta Mazzola
- British Columbia Cancer Agency, 2410 Lee Avenue, Victoria, BC, V8R 6V5, Canada.
| | - Stephan W Morris
- Insight Genetics, Suite 510, 2 International Plaza, Nashville, TN, 37217, USA.
| | - David L Saltman
- British Columbia Cancer Agency, 2410 Lee Avenue, Victoria, BC, V8R 6V5, Canada.
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Seitz RS, Hout DR, Morris SW, Smith RB, Lehmann BD, Chen X, Pietenpol JA, Ring BZ. Abstract P6-08-04: Creation of a robust algorithm utilizing minimal gene sets normalized against a reference gene set to identify triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) subtypes. Cancer Res 2015. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.sabcs14-p6-08-04] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction: Treatment of TNBC has been challenging due to the absence of well-characterized molecular targets and the heterogeneity of the disease. Using TNBC gene expression (GE) microarray profiles, the Pietenpol group molecularly binned the malignancy into six distinct subtypes: two basal-like [BL1, BL2], two mesenchymal-like [M, MSL], an immunomodulatory [IM], and a luminal subtype expressing androgen receptor [LAR]). Importantly, subtype-specific TNBC cell lines exhibit different sensitivities to various targeted and conventional chemotherapies currently employed or under investigation for the treatment of TNBC (1).
Background: The original TNBCtype algorithm was generated from a meta-analysis of existing GE from tumor tissue and clustering the data into the six subtypes listed above and a seventh "unclassified" subtype (1). To transition the test into the clinic, we have modified the method of classification by both reducing the number of signature genes and normalizing the data against a reference set of endogenous expressed genes.
Methods: Gene set enrichment followed by shrunken centroid analysis were used for feature reduction, resulting in 258 genes used for model building. The IM class was excluded from the feature reduction analysis as it likely represents presence of immune infiltrates rather than a distinct tumor class. Linear regression, targeted minimum loss based estimation, random forest, and elastic-net regularized linear models were employed, with the latter giving the best fit with the least number of required genes. Models were created to identify each class individually or together using a multiclass model. Coefficient and cutoffs were established on a Robust Multichip Average (RMA) normalized TNBC training data set consisting of 14 cohorts (N=386) and then applied to a seven cohort validation data set (N=201). A reference gene set was chosen using three of the training cohorts with the criteria of low intra- and inter-cohort variation, as well as overall low coefficient of variation, low probe-to-probe variability, expression greater than the cohort mean, and functional diversity. New cutoffs were determined using these same three cohorts, and normalization with the reference genes was tested using an additional two cohorts from the training data.
Results: In the RMA normalized validation data set all models showed significant classification, (Fisher exact test, P<0.0001). Specificity for the individual class models ranged from 88% (M) to 95% (LAR), while the multiclass model resulted in a 12% misclassification error rate. As was seen in the initial clustering in the training data set, there was notable overlap between the subtyping of BL1 and M. On the two discovery cohorts normalized with the reference gene set, the specificity for the individual class models ranged from 90% (M) to 100% (LAR). For the multiclass model the misclassification error was 18%.
Conclusions: These results indicate that information conveyed in the initial clustering algorithm can be similarly obtained in a single patient sample using a reduced gene set normalized to internal controls. Future work will determine the biologic and clinical utility of this assay for patient management.
Citation Format: Rob S Seitz, David R Hout, Stephan W Morris, Rebecca B Smith, Brian D Lehmann, Xi Chen, Jennifer A Pietenpol, Brian Z Ring. Creation of a robust algorithm utilizing minimal gene sets normalized against a reference gene set to identify triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) subtypes [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Thirty-Seventh Annual CTRC-AACR San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium: 2014 Dec 9-13; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(9 Suppl):Abstract nr P6-08-04.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Brian D Lehmann
- 2Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine
| | - Xi Chen
- 2Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine
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Schweitzer BL, Lawrence KD, Handshoe J, Skelton R, Chatfield L, Xue L, Morris SW, Hout DR. Abstract 1930: The unknown piece of the pie: Molecular markers in triple-negative lung cancer. Mol Cell Biol 2014. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2013-1930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Thomson PA, Parla JS, McRae AF, Kramer M, Ramakrishnan K, Yao J, Soares DC, McCarthy S, Morris SW, Cardone L, Cass S, Ghiban E, Hennah W, Evans KL, Rebolini D, Millar JK, Harris SE, Starr JM, MacIntyre DJ, McIntosh AM, Watson JD, Deary IJ, Visscher PM, Blackwood DH, McCombie WR, Porteous DJ. 708 Common and 2010 rare DISC1 locus variants identified in 1542 subjects: analysis for association with psychiatric disorder and cognitive traits. Mol Psychiatry 2014; 19:668-75. [PMID: 23732877 PMCID: PMC4031635 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2013.68] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2012] [Revised: 04/22/2013] [Accepted: 04/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
A balanced t(1;11) translocation that transects the Disrupted in schizophrenia 1 (DISC1) gene shows genome-wide significant linkage for schizophrenia and recurrent major depressive disorder (rMDD) in a single large Scottish family, but genome-wide and exome sequencing-based association studies have not supported a role for DISC1 in psychiatric illness. To explore DISC1 in more detail, we sequenced 528 kb of the DISC1 locus in 653 cases and 889 controls. We report 2718 validated single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of which 2010 have a minor allele frequency of <1%. Only 38% of these variants are reported in the 1000 Genomes Project European subset. This suggests that many DISC1 SNPs remain undiscovered and are essentially private. Rare coding variants identified exclusively in patients were found in likely functional protein domains. Significant region-wide association was observed between rs16856199 and rMDD (P=0.026, unadjusted P=6.3 × 10(-5), OR=3.48). This was not replicated in additional recurrent major depression samples (replication P=0.11). Combined analysis of both the original and replication set supported the original association (P=0.0058, OR=1.46). Evidence for segregation of this variant with disease in families was limited to those of rMDD individuals referred from primary care. Burden analysis for coding and non-coding variants gave nominal associations with diagnosis and measures of mood and cognition. Together, these observations are likely to generalise to other candidate genes for major mental illness and may thus provide guidelines for the design of future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- P A Thomson
- Medical Genetics Section, University of Edinburgh Molecular Medicine Centre, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, Edinburgh, UK
| | - J S Parla
- Stanley Institute for Cognitive Genomics, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, USA
| | - A F McRae
- University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - M Kramer
- Stanley Institute for Cognitive Genomics, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, USA
| | - K Ramakrishnan
- Medical Genetics Section, University of Edinburgh Molecular Medicine Centre, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
| | - J Yao
- Stanley Institute for Cognitive Genomics, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, USA
| | - D C Soares
- Medical Genetics Section, University of Edinburgh Molecular Medicine Centre, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
| | - S McCarthy
- Stanley Institute for Cognitive Genomics, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, USA
| | - S W Morris
- Medical Genetics Section, University of Edinburgh Molecular Medicine Centre, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
| | - L Cardone
- Stanley Institute for Cognitive Genomics, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, USA
| | - S Cass
- Medical Genetics Section, University of Edinburgh Molecular Medicine Centre, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
| | - E Ghiban
- Stanley Institute for Cognitive Genomics, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, USA
| | - W Hennah
- Medical Genetics Section, University of Edinburgh Molecular Medicine Centre, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, Finland FIMM, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - K L Evans
- Medical Genetics Section, University of Edinburgh Molecular Medicine Centre, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, Edinburgh, UK
| | - D Rebolini
- Stanley Institute for Cognitive Genomics, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, USA
| | - J K Millar
- Medical Genetics Section, University of Edinburgh Molecular Medicine Centre, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
| | - S E Harris
- Medical Genetics Section, University of Edinburgh Molecular Medicine Centre, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, Edinburgh, UK
| | - J M Starr
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, Edinburgh, UK
| | - D J MacIntyre
- Division of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Generation Scotland7
- Medical Genetics Section, University of Edinburgh Molecular Medicine Centre, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, Edinburgh, UK
- Stanley Institute for Cognitive Genomics, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, USA
- University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, Finland FIMM, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Division of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
- Generation Scotland, A Collaboration between the University Medical Schools and NHS, Aberdeen, Dundee, Edinburgh and Glasgow, UK
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - A M McIntosh
- Division of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
| | - J D Watson
- Stanley Institute for Cognitive Genomics, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, USA
| | - I J Deary
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, Edinburgh, UK
| | - P M Visscher
- University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - D H Blackwood
- Division of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
| | - W R McCombie
- Stanley Institute for Cognitive Genomics, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, USA
| | - D J Porteous
- Medical Genetics Section, University of Edinburgh Molecular Medicine Centre, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, Edinburgh, UK
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Handshoe JM, Skelton RL, Lawrence KD, Chatfield LE, Morris SW, Hout DR, Schweitzer BL. Routine Screening for Triple-Negative Adenocarcinoma (TNA) Lung Cancer Patients: A New Hope for a Poor-Prognosis Population. Am J Clin Pathol 2013. [DOI: 10.1093/ajcp/140.suppl1.149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Xu W, Xue L, Sun Y, Henry A, Battle JM, Micault M, Morris SW. Bcl10 is an essential regulator for A20 gene expression. J Physiol Biochem 2013; 69:821-34. [DOI: 10.1007/s13105-013-0259-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2013] [Accepted: 04/29/2013] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Sang J, Acquaviva J, Friedland JC, Smith DL, Sequeira M, Zhang C, Jiang Q, Xue L, Lovly CM, Jimenez JP, Shaw AT, Doebele RC, He S, Bates RC, Camidge DR, Morris SW, El-Hariry I, Proia DA. Targeted inhibition of the molecular chaperone Hsp90 overcomes ALK inhibitor resistance in non-small cell lung cancer. Cancer Discov 2013; 3:430-43. [PMID: 23533265 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-12-0440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED EML4-ALK gene rearrangements define a unique subset of patients with non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC), and the clinical success of the anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) inhibitor crizotinib in this population has become a paradigm for molecularly targeted therapy. Here, we show that the Hsp90 inhibitor ganetespib induced loss of EML4-ALK expression and depletion of multiple oncogenic signaling proteins in ALK-driven NSCLC cells, leading to greater in vitro potency, superior antitumor efficacy, and prolonged animal survival compared with results obtained with crizotinib. In addition, combinatorial benefit was seen when ganetespib was used with other targeted ALK agents both in vitro and in vivo. Importantly, ganetespib overcame multiple forms of crizotinib resistance, including secondary ALK mutations, consistent with activity seen in a patient with crizotinib-resistant NSCLC. Cancer cells driven by ALK amplification and oncogenic rearrangements of ROS1 and RET kinase genes were also sensitive to ganetespib exposure. Taken together, these results highlight the therapeutic potential of ganetespib for ALK-driven NSCLC. SIGNIFICANCE In addition to direct kinase inhibition, pharmacologic blockade of the molecular chaperone Hsp90 is emerging as a promising approach for treating tumors driven by oncogenic rearrangements of ALK. The bioactivity profi le of ganetespib presented here underscores a new therapeutic opportunity to target ALK and overcome multiple mechanisms of resistance in patients with ALK-positive NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jim Sang
- Synta Pharmaceuticals Corp, Lexington, MA 02421, USA
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Illert AL, Kawaguchi H, Antinozzi C, Bassermann F, Quintanilla-Martinez L, von Klitzing C, Hiwatari M, Peschel C, de Rooij DG, Morris SW, Barchi M, Duyster J. Targeted inactivation of nuclear interaction partner of ALK disrupts meiotic prophase. Development 2012; 139:2523-34. [PMID: 22696294 DOI: 10.1242/dev.073072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
NIPA (nuclear interaction partner of ALK) is an F-box-like protein that monitors the timing of mitotic entry. Constitutively active NIPA delays mitotic entry by preventing accumulation of nuclear cyclin B1. Here, we have investigated the consequences of Nipa inactivation by using a conditional knockout strategy. Nipa-deficient animals are viable but show a lower birth rate and reduced body weight. Furthermore, Nipa-deficient males are sterile owing to a block of spermatogenesis during meiotic prophase. Whereas Nipa-/- mouse embryonic fibroblasts show no severe phenotype, Nipa-/- spermatocytes arrest during stage IV of the epithelial cycle with subsequent TUNEL-positive apoptosis resulting from improper synapsis, defects in the repair of DNA double-stranded breaks and synaptonemal complex formation. Moreover, we show nuclear accumulation of cyclin B1 with a subsequent premature increase in G2/M kinase activity in Nipa-/- spermatocytes. Together, these results reveal a novel role for NIPA in meiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Lena Illert
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Technical University of Munich, Munich 81675, Germany
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Chen Y, Yang Y, Sun M, Yan Z, Wu L, Cui X, Zhang G, Morris SW, Zhang Q. Inhibition of caspase-8 activity caused by overexpression of BCL10 contributes to the pathogenesis of high-grade MALT lymphoma. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2012; 58:865-71. [PMID: 21954216 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.23331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2011] [Accepted: 08/08/2011] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma comprises approximately 8% of all non-Hodgkin lymphomas and is the most common lymphoma in the gastro-intestinal tract. It is caused by genetic abnormalities or bacterial infections/chronic inflammation. B-cell lymphoma/leukemia 10 (BCL10) overexpression and nuclear expression have been associated with high-grade MALT lymphomas with genetic abnormalities that are unresponsive to Helicobacter pylori eradication treatment. To explore the molecular mechanism of BCL10 overexpression on the pathogenesis and malignant phenotype of MALT lymphoma, we generated EµSR-BCL10 transgenic mice. PROCEDURE By generation of heterozygous and homozygous EuSR-BCL10 mice and showing BCL10 expression levels in these mice, we quantitatively examined relation of MZ B cell expansion and inhibition of caspase-8 activity with BCL10 protein level. We also investigated API2 and caspase-8 expression by Western blot and their interaction with BCL10 by co-immunoprecipitation. RESULTS MZ B-cell expansion is directly related to BCL10 protein level in a dose-dependent manner. The activity of caspases-8 and -3, but not caspase-9, was inhibited with increasing of BCL10 protein level. Expanded MZ B cells showed selective survival under stimulation of anti-immunoglobulin M, but not dexamethasone, γ-irradiation, or anti-CD95, implying that overexpressed BCL10 exerts anti-apoptotic effects through B-cell antigen receptor (BCR) pathway. Overexpressed BCL10 protein co-immunoprecipitated with caspase-8 and API2 protein, suggesting an in vivo interaction of them. CONCLUSION Our data demonstrate a novel effect of overexpressed BCL10 in the pathogenesis of high-grade MALT lymphoma by increasing expression of API2 and it then forming a protein complex with BCL10/caspase-8 leading to caspase-8 activity suppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Chen
- Department of Immunology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Huang X, Yang N, Fiore VF, Barker TH, Sun Y, Morris SW, Ding Q, Thannickal VJ, Zhou Y. Matrix stiffness-induced myofibroblast differentiation is mediated by intrinsic mechanotransduction. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2012; 47:340-8. [PMID: 22461426 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2012-0050oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 351] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanical properties of the extracellular matrix have recently been shown to promote myofibroblast differentiation and lung fibrosis. Mechanisms by which matrix stiffness regulates myofibroblast differentiation are not fully understood. The goal of this study was to determine the intrinsic mechanisms of mechanotransduction in the regulation of matrix stiffness-induced myofibroblast differentiation. A well established polyacrylamide gel system with tunable substrate stiffness was used in this study. Megakaryoblastic leukemia factor-1 (MKL1) nuclear translocation was imaged by confocal immunofluorescent microscopy. The binding of MKL1 to the α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) gene promoter was quantified by quantitative chromatin immunoprecipitation assay. Normal human lung fibroblasts responded to matrix stiffening with changes in actin dynamics that favor filamentous actin polymerization. Actin polymerization resulted in nuclear translocation of MKL1, a serum response factor coactivator that plays a central role in regulating the expression of fibrotic genes, including α-SMA, a marker for myofibroblast differentiation. Mouse lung fibroblasts deficient in Mkl1 did not respond to matrix stiffening with increased α-SMA expression, whereas ectopic expression of human MKL1 cDNA restored the ability of Mkl1 null lung fibroblasts to express α-SMA. Furthermore, matrix stiffening promoted production and activation of the small GTPase RhoA, increased Rho kinase (ROCK) activity, and enhanced fibroblast contractility. Inhibition of RhoA/ROCK abrogated stiff matrix-induced actin cytoskeletal reorganization, MKL1 nuclear translocation, and myofibroblast differentiation. This study indicates that actin cytoskeletal remodeling-mediated activation of MKL1 transduces mechanical stimuli from the extracellular matrix to a fibrogenic program that promotes myofibroblast differentiation, suggesting an intrinsic mechanotransduction mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangwei Huang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Tinsley Harrison Tower 437B, 1900 University Blvd., Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
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Slavish PJ, Price JE, Jiang Q, Cui X, Morris SW, Webb TR. Synthesis of an aryloxy oxo pyrimidinone library that displays ALK-selective inhibition. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2011; 21:4592-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2011.05.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2011] [Revised: 05/25/2011] [Accepted: 05/26/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Lasek AW, Lim J, Kliethermes CL, Berger KH, Joslyn G, Brush G, Xue L, Robertson M, Moore MS, Vranizan K, Morris SW, Schuckit MA, White RL, Heberlein U. An evolutionary conserved role for anaplastic lymphoma kinase in behavioral responses to ethanol. PLoS One 2011; 6:e22636. [PMID: 21799923 PMCID: PMC3142173 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0022636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2010] [Accepted: 06/30/2011] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Anaplastic lymphoma kinase (Alk) is a gene expressed in the nervous system that encodes a receptor tyrosine kinase commonly known for its oncogenic function in various human cancers. We have determined that Alk is associated with altered behavioral responses to ethanol in the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster, in mice, and in humans. Mutant flies containing transposon insertions in dAlk demonstrate increased resistance to the sedating effect of ethanol. Database analyses revealed that Alk expression levels in the brains of recombinant inbred mice are negatively correlated with ethanol-induced ataxia and ethanol consumption. We therefore tested Alk gene knockout mice and found that they sedate longer in response to high doses of ethanol and consume more ethanol than wild-type mice. Finally, sequencing of human ALK led to the discovery of four polymorphisms associated with a low level of response to ethanol, an intermediate phenotype that is predictive of future alcohol use disorders (AUDs). These results suggest that Alk plays an evolutionary conserved role in ethanol-related behaviors. Moreover, ALK may be a novel candidate gene conferring risk for AUDs as well as a potential target for pharmacological intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy W. Lasek
- Department of Neurology, Ernest Gallo Clinic and Research Center, University of California San Francisco, Emeryville, California, United States of America
- * E-mail: (UH); (AL)
| | - Jana Lim
- Department of Neurology, Ernest Gallo Clinic and Research Center, University of California San Francisco, Emeryville, California, United States of America
| | - Christopher L. Kliethermes
- Department of Neurology, Ernest Gallo Clinic and Research Center, University of California San Francisco, Emeryville, California, United States of America
| | - Karen H. Berger
- Department of Neurology, Ernest Gallo Clinic and Research Center, University of California San Francisco, Emeryville, California, United States of America
| | - Geoff Joslyn
- Department of Neurology, Ernest Gallo Clinic and Research Center, University of California San Francisco, Emeryville, California, United States of America
| | - Gerry Brush
- Department of Neurology, Ernest Gallo Clinic and Research Center, University of California San Francisco, Emeryville, California, United States of America
| | - Liquan Xue
- Departments of Pathology and Oncology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Margaret Robertson
- Department of Neurology, Ernest Gallo Clinic and Research Center, University of California San Francisco, Emeryville, California, United States of America
| | - Monica S. Moore
- Department of Neurology, Ernest Gallo Clinic and Research Center, University of California San Francisco, Emeryville, California, United States of America
| | - Karen Vranizan
- Functional Genomics Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, California, United States of America
| | - Stephan W. Morris
- Departments of Pathology and Oncology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Marc A. Schuckit
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Raymond L. White
- Department of Neurology, Ernest Gallo Clinic and Research Center, University of California San Francisco, Emeryville, California, United States of America
| | - Ulrike Heberlein
- Department of Neurology, Ernest Gallo Clinic and Research Center, University of California San Francisco, Emeryville, California, United States of America
- Department of Anatomy and Program in Neuroscience, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- * E-mail: (UH); (AL)
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Hout D, Xue L, Choppa P, Handshoe J, Bloom K, Ross D, Nickols J, Morris SW. Abstract 2220: Insight ALK ScreenTM, a highly sensitive and specific RT-qPCR first-line screening assay for comprehensive detection of all oncogenic anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) fusions: clinical validation. Cancer Res 2011. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2011-2220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
More than 15 different ALK fusions (e.g., CLTC-ALK, multiple EML4-ALK variants, KIF5B-ALK, NPM-ALK, RanBP2-ALK, TFG-ALK, TPM4-ALK, others) cause malignancies including NSCLC, NHL, and inflammatory myofibroblastic tumors. Preliminary studies suggest several other cancer subsets may also express ALK fusions (e.g., breast, colorectal and esophageal cancers). Several ALK small-molecule inhibitors are in development, and patients treated with one clinical stage inhibitor have had marked antitumor responses. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) for ALK have been used to select patients likely to benefit from ALK inhibitor therapy; however, these methods are problematic. Both methods have suboptimal sensitivity for certain ALK fusions (e.g., EML4-ALK), and FISH is technically demanding and has a prolonged turn-around time (5-7 days). To address the unmet need for a highly sensitive, practical assay for clinical ALK detection, we developed Insight ALK Screen™, a real-time PCR test for ALK fusions and wild-type ALK upregulation. The test operates by qPCR of two regions corresponding to the ALK extracellular and intracellular kinase domains; for example, EML4-ALK or other ALK fusion events result in a ΔCt (change in threshold cycle) increase in transcripts encoding the ALK kinase domain over wild-type ALK expression levels.This assay design enables Insight ALK Screen to detect any ALK fusion regardless of the ALK fusion partner. We are validating Insight ALK Screen in comparison to ALK IHC and FISH using NSCLC FFPE specimens from the Clarient tumor bank. Eighty-two NSCLCs were screened using Insight ALK Screen, and 17 of the 82 (20.7%) showed either an ALK fusion or wild-type ALK upregulation. All 17 ALK-expressing NSCLCs were next tested using an EML4-ALK variant-specific RT-PCR assay; 6 (35.3%) of the 17 cases (7.3% of the original 82 cases) were shown to be EML4-ALK-positive. Ongoing studies are assessing the genetic mechanisms (e.g., other EML4-ALK variants not tested, other ALK fusions, ALK gene amplification, chromosome 2 polysomy, etc.) underlying the aberrant ALK expression in the other 11 of 17 NSCLCs; these data will be presented at the meeting together with complete IHC, FISH and clinical-molecular correlative information. Together with its ease-of-use, small tissue requirements, multiplex compatibility, quantitation of ALK expression levels, lack of bias for specific fusions, and quick turn-around (24-48 hrs), our preliminary results support Insight ALK Screen as the first-line ALK diagnostic method of choice.
Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2220. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-2220
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Liquan Xue
- 2St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
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Gundluru MK, Pourpak A, Cui X, Morris SW, Webb TR. Design, synthesis and initial biological evaluation of a novel pladienolide analog scaffold. Medchemcomm 2011; 2:904-908. [PMID: 21927710 DOI: 10.1039/c1md00040c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
A novel and simplified synthetic scaffold based on pladienolide was designed using a consensus pharmacophore hypothesis. An initial target was synthesized and evaluated to examine the role of the 3-hydroxy group and the methyl groups present at positions 10, 16, 20, 22 in 1, on biological activity. We report the first totally synthetic analog of this macrolide that shows biological activity. Our novel synthetic strategy enables the rapid synthesis of other new analogs of pladienolide in order to develop selective anticancer lead compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahesh Kumar Gundluru
- Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, Tennessee 38105, U.S.A. ; Tel: 901 595 3928
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Li R, Pourpak A, Morris SW. Inhibition of the insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF1R) tyrosine kinase as a novel cancer therapy approach. J Med Chem 2010; 52:4981-5004. [PMID: 19610618 DOI: 10.1021/jm9002395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rongshi Li
- Drug Discovery, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Oncologic Sciences, University of South Florida, 12902 Magnolia Drive, Tampa, FL 33612, USA.
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Morris SW. Abstract SY14-03: Anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK): Normal biology and role in hematopoietic malignancies. Cancer Res 2010. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am10-sy14-03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Citation Format: Stephan W. Morris. Anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK): Normal biology and role in hematopoietic malignancies [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR 101st Annual Meeting 2010; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr SY14-03
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Lagisetti C, Pourpak A, Goronga T, Jiang Q, Cui X, Hyle J, Lahti JM, Morris SW, Webb TR. Synthetic mRNA splicing modulator compounds with in vivo antitumor activity. J Med Chem 2009; 52:6979-90. [PMID: 19877647 DOI: 10.1021/jm901215m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We report our progress on the development of new synthetic anticancer lead compounds that modulate the splicing of mRNA. We also report the synthesis and evaluation of new biologically active ester and carbamate analogues. Further, we describe initial animal studies demonstrating the antitumor efficacy of compound 5 in vivo. Additionally, we report the enantioselective and diastereospecific synthesis of a new 1,3-dioxane series of active analogues. We confirm that compound 5 inhibits the splicing of mRNA in cell-free nuclear extracts and in a cell-based dual-reporter mRNA splicing assay. In summary, we have developed totally synthetic novel spliceosome modulators as therapeutic lead compounds for a number of highly aggressive cancers. Future efforts will be directed toward the more complete optimization of these compounds as potential human therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandraiah Lagisetti
- Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, MS 1000, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, Tennessee 38105, USA
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Hanna M, Liu H, Amir J, Sun Y, Morris SW, Siddiqui MAQ, Lau LF, Chaqour B. Mechanical regulation of the proangiogenic factor CCN1/CYR61 gene requires the combined activities of MRTF-A and CREB-binding protein histone acetyltransferase. J Biol Chem 2009; 284:23125-36. [PMID: 19542562 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m109.019059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Smooth muscle-rich tissues respond to mechanical overload by an adaptive hypertrophic growth combined with activation of angiogenesis, which potentiates their mechanical overload-bearing capabilities. Neovascularization is associated with mechanical strain-dependent induction of angiogenic factors such as CCN1, an immediate-early gene-encoded matricellular molecule critical for vascular development and repair. Here we have demonstrated that mechanical strain-dependent induction of the CCN1 gene involves signaling cascades through RhoA-mediated actin remodeling and the p38 stress-activated protein kinase (SAPK). Actin signaling controls serum response factor (SRF) activity via SRF interaction with the myocardin-related transcriptional activator (MRTF)-A and tethering to a single CArG box sequence within the CCN1 promoter. Such activity was abolished in mechanically stimulated mouse MRTF-A(-/-) cells or upon inhibition of CREB-binding protein (CBP) histone acetyltransferase (HAT) either pharmacologically or by siRNAs. Mechanical strain induced CBP-mediated acetylation of histones 3 and 4 at the SRF-binding site and within the CCN1 gene coding region. Inhibition of p38 SAPK reduced CBP HAT activity and its recruitment to the SRF.MRTF-A complex, whereas enforced induction of p38 by upstream activators (e.g. MKK3 and MKK6) enhanced both CBP HAT and CCN1 promoter activities. Similarly, mechanical overload-induced CCN1 gene expression in vivo was associated with nuclear localization of MRTF-A and enrichment of the CCN1 promoter with both MRTF-A and acetylated histone H3. Taken together, these data suggest that signal-controlled activation of SRF, MRTF-A, and CBP provides a novel connection between mechanical stimuli and angiogenic gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Hanna
- Department of Cell Biology, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York 11203, USA
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Webb TR, Slavish J, George RE, Look AT, Xue L, Jiang Q, Cui X, Rentrop WB, Morris SW. Anaplastic lymphoma kinase: role in cancer pathogenesis and small-molecule inhibitor development for therapy. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2009; 9:331-56. [PMID: 19275511 DOI: 10.1586/14737140.9.3.331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK), a receptor tyrosine kinase in the insulin receptor superfamily, was initially identified in constitutively activated oncogenic fusion forms - the most common being nucleophosmin-ALK - in anaplastic large-cell lymphomas, and subsequent studies have identified ALK fusions in diffuse large B-cell lymphomas, systemic histiocytosis, inflammatory myofibroblastic tumors, esophageal squamous cell carcinomas and non-small-cell lung carcinomas. More recently, genomic DNA amplification and protein overexpression, as well as activating point mutations, of ALK have been described in neuroblastomas. In addition to those cancers for which a causative role for aberrant ALK activity is well validated, more circumstantial links implicate the full-length, normal ALK receptor in the genesis of other malignancies - including glioblastoma and breast cancer - via a mechanism of receptor activation involving autocrine and/or paracrine growth loops with the reported ALK ligands, pleiotrophin and midkine. This review summarizes normal ALK biology, the confirmed and putative roles of ALK in the development of human cancers and efforts to target ALK using small-molecule kinase inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas R Webb
- Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, 332 North Lauderdale Street, Mail Stop 1000, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
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Jake Slavish P, Jiang Q, Cui X, Morris SW, Webb TR. Design and synthesis of a novel tyrosine kinase inhibitor template. Bioorg Med Chem 2009; 17:3308-16. [PMID: 19362847 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2009.03.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2009] [Revised: 03/18/2009] [Accepted: 03/21/2009] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
We report the design and synthesis of an insulin receptor kinase family-targeted inhibitor template using the inhibitor conformation observed in an IGF1R/inhibitor co-crystal complex by application of a novel molecular design approach that we have recently published. The synthesis of the template involves a one pot Opatz cyclization reaction that provides a versatile indole ester in good yields. We also developed the required chemistry to elaborate this template with additional substituents and have used this chemistry to prepare some initial compounds that show selective inhibition of anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK).
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Affiliation(s)
- P Jake Slavish
- Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105-3678, United States
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George RE, Sanda T, Hanna M, Fröhling S, Luther W, Zhang J, Ahn Y, Zhou W, London WB, McGrady P, Xue L, Zozulya S, Gregor VE, Webb TR, Gray NS, Gilliland DG, Diller L, Greulich H, Morris SW, Meyerson M, Look AT. Activating mutations in ALK provide a therapeutic target in neuroblastoma. Nature 2008; 455:975-8. [PMID: 18923525 PMCID: PMC2587486 DOI: 10.1038/nature07397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 654] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2008] [Accepted: 08/18/2008] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Neuroblastoma, an embryonal tumor of the peripheral sympathetic nervous system, accounts for approximately 15% of all deaths due to childhood cancer1. High-risk neuroblastomas, prevalent in the majority of patients, are rapidly progressive; even with intensive myeloablative chemotherapy, relapse is common and almost uniformly fatal2,3. Here we report the detection of previously unknown mutations in the ALK gene, which encodes a receptor tyrosine kinase, in 8% of primary neuroblastomas. Five non-synonymous sequence variations were identified in the kinase domain of ALK, of which three were somatic and two were germline. The most frequent mutation, F1174L, was also identified in three different neuroblastoma cell lines. ALK cDNAs encoding the F1174L and R1275Q variants, but not the wild-type ALK cDNA, transformed IL-3-dependent murine hematopoietic Ba/F3 cells to cytokine-independent growth. Ba/F3 cells expressing these mutations were sensitive to a small-molecule inhibitor of ALK, TAE6844. Furthermore, two human neuroblastoma cell lines harboring the F1174L mutation were sensitive to the inhibitor. Cytotoxicity was associated with increased levels of apoptosis as measured by TUNEL-labeling. shRNA-mediated knockdown of ALK expression in neuroblastoma cell lines with the F1174L mutation also resulted in apoptosis and impaired cell proliferation. Thus, activating alleles of the ALK receptor tyrosine kinase are present in primary neuroblastoma tumors and in established neuroblastoma cell lines, and confer sensitivity to ALK inhibition with small molecules, providing a molecular rationale for targeted therapy of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rani E George
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
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Lagisetti C, Pourpak A, Jiang Q, Cui X, Goronga T, Morris SW, Webb TR. Antitumor compounds based on a natural product consensus pharmacophore. J Med Chem 2008; 51:6220-4. [PMID: 18788726 DOI: 10.1021/jm8006195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We report the design and highly enantioselective synthesis of a potent analogue of the spliceosome inhibitor FR901464, based on a non-natural product scaffold. The design of this compound was facilitated by a pharmacophore hypothesis that assumed key interaction types that are common to FR901464 and an otherwise unrelated natural product (pladienolide). The synthesis allows for the preparation of numerous novel analogues. We present results on the in vitro activity for this compound against several tumor cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandraiah Lagisetti
- Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105, USA
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Hara H, Ishihara C, Takeuchi A, Xue L, Morris SW, Penninger JM, Yoshida H, Saito T. Cell type-specific regulation of ITAM-mediated NF-kappaB activation by the adaptors, CARMA1 and CARD9. J Immunol 2008; 181:918-30. [PMID: 18606643 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.181.2.918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Activating NK cell receptors transduce signals through ITAM-containing adaptors, including FcRgamma and DAP12. Although the caspase recruitment domain (CARD)9-Bcl10 complex is essential for FcRgamma/DAP12-mediated NF-kappaB activation in myeloid cells, its involvement in NK cell receptor signaling is unknown. Herein we show that the deficiency of CARMA1 or Bcl10, but not CARD9, resulted in severe impairment of cytokine/chemokine production mediated by activating NK cell receptors due to a selective defect in NF-kappaB activation, whereas cytotoxicity mediated by the same receptors did not require CARMA1-Bcl10-mediated signaling. IkappaB kinase (IKK) activation by direct protein kinase C (PKC) stimulation with PMA plus ionomycin (P/I) was abrogated in CARMA1-deficient NK cells, similar to T and B lymphocytes, whereas CARD9-deficient dendritic cells (DCs) exhibited normal P/I-induced IKK activation. Surprisingly, CARMA1 deficiency also abrogated P/I-induced IKK activation in DCs, indicating that CARMA1 is essential for PKC-mediated NF-kappaB activation in all cell types, although the PKC-CARMA1 axis is not used downstream of myeloid ITAM receptors. Consistently, PKC inhibition abrogated ITAM receptor-mediated activation only in NK cells but not in DCs, suggesting PKC-CARMA1-independent, CARD9-dependent ITAM receptor signaling in myeloid cells. Conversely, the overexpression of CARD9 in CARMA1-deficient cells failed to restore the PKC-mediated NF-kappaB activation. Thus, NF-kappaB activation signaling through ITAM receptors is regulated by a cell type-specific mechanism depending on the usage of adaptors CARMA1 and CARD9, which determines the PKC dependence of the signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiromitsu Hara
- Laboratory for Cell Signaling, RIKEN Research Center for Allergy and Immunology, Yokohama City, Kanagawa, Japan.
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Abstract
Anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) is a receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) involved in the genesis of several human cancers; indeed, ALK was initially identified in constitutively activated and oncogenic fusion forms--the most common being nucleophosmin (NPM)-ALK--in a non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) known as anaplastic large-cell lymphoma (ALCL) and subsequent studies identified ALK fusions in the human sarcomas called inflammatory myofibroblastic tumors (IMTs). In addition, two recent reports have suggested that the ALK fusion, TPM4-ALK, may be involved in the genesis of a subset of esophageal squamous cell carcinomas. While the cause-effect relationship between ALK fusions and malignancies such as ALCL and IMT is very well established, more circumstantial links implicate the involvement of the full-length, normal ALK receptor in the genesis of additional malignancies including glioblastoma, neuroblastoma, breast cancer, and others; in these instances, ALK is believed to foster tumorigenesis following activation by autocrine and/or paracrine growth loops involving the reported ALK ligands, pleiotrophin (PTN) and midkine (MK). There are no currently available ALK small-molecule inhibitors approved for clinical cancer therapy; however, recognition of the variety of malignancies in which ALK may play a causative role has recently begun to prompt developmental efforts in this area. This review provides a succinct summary of normal ALK biology, the confirmed and putative roles of ALK fusions and the full-length ALK receptor in the development of human cancers, and efforts to target ALK using small-molecule kinase inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongshi Li
- High-Throughput Medicinal Chemistry, ChemBridge Research Laboratories, 16981 Via Tazon, Suites K, San Diego, California 92127, USA.
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Zeng H, Chen Y, Yu M, Xue L, Gao X, Morris SW, Wang D, Wen R. T cell receptor-mediated activation of CD4+CD44hi T cells bypasses Bcl10: an implication of differential NF-kappaB dependence of naïve and memory T cells during T cell receptor-mediated responses. J Biol Chem 2008; 283:24392-9. [PMID: 18583339 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m802344200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have demonstrated that Bcl10 (B-cell leukemia/lymphoma 10) is essential for T cell receptor-mediated NF-kappaB activation and subsequent proliferation and interleukin 2 (IL2) production. However, here we demonstrate that, contrary to expectations, Bcl10 is differentially required for T cell activation, including for both proliferation and cytokine production. When CD4+ and CD8+ T cells were divided based on expression levels of CD44, which distinguishes naïve cells (CD44lo) versus those that are antigen-experienced (CD44hi), IL2 production by and proliferation of CD4+CD44lo naïve cells and both subpopulations of CD8+ T cells were clearly Bcl10-dependent, whereas these same functional properties of CD4+CD44hi T cells occurred largely independent of Bcl10. As with the other subpopulations of T cells, CD4+CD44hi T cells did not activate the NF-kappaB pathway in the absence of Bcl10; nevertheless, these CD4+CD44hi antigen-experienced T cells efficiently secreted IL2 after T cell receptor stimulation. Strikingly, therefore, T cell receptor-mediated IL2 production in these cells is NF-kappaB-independent. Our studies suggest that antigen-experienced CD4+ T cells differ from their naïve counterparts and from CD8+ T cells in their ability to achieve activation independent of the Bcl10/NF-kappaB pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hu Zeng
- Model Animal Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing 225001, China
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Christoforou A, Le Hellard S, Thomson PA, Morris SW, Tenesa A, Pickard BS, Wray NR, Muir WJ, Blackwood DH, Porteous DJ, Evans KL. Association analysis of the chromosome 4p15-p16 candidate region for bipolar disorder and schizophrenia. Mol Psychiatry 2007; 12:1011-25. [PMID: 17457313 DOI: 10.1038/sj.mp.4002003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Several independent linkage studies have identified chromosome 4p15-p16 as a putative region of susceptibility for bipolar disorder (BP), schizophrenia (SCZ) and related phenotypes. Previously, we identified two subregions (B and D) of the 4p15-p16 region that are shared by three of four 4p-linked families examined. Here, we describe a large-scale association analysis of regions B and D (3.8 and 4.5 Mb, respectively). We selected 408 haplotype-tagging single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) on a block-by-block basis from the International HapMap project and tested them in 368 BP, 386 SCZ and 458 control individuals. Nominal significance thresholds were determined using principal component analysis as implemented in the program SNPSpD. In region B, overlapping SNPs and haplotypes met the region-wide threshold (P<or=0.0005) at the global and individual haplotype test level and clustered in two regions. In region D, no individual SNPs were nominally significant, but multiple global and individual haplotypes were associated with BP and/or SCZ (region-wide threshold, P<or=0.0003). These overlapping haplotypes fell into two regions. Within each of these four clusters, at least one globally significant haplotype withstood permutation testing (P(gp)<or=0.05). Five predicted genes were found within these associated regions, while Known/RefSeq genes, including KIAA0746 and PPARGC1A, mapped nearby. There were also nine other clusters within regions B and D with nominally significant haplotypes, but only at the individual haplotype level. KIAA0746, PPARGC1A, GPR125, CCKAR and DKFZp761B107 overlapped with these regions. This study has identified significant associations between BP and SCZ within the chromosome 4p linkage region, resulting in candidate regions worthy of further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Christoforou
- Medical Genetics Section, Molecular Medicine Centre, Western General Hospital, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
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Bassermann F, von Klitzing C, Illert AL, Münch S, Morris SW, Pagano M, Peschel C, Duyster J. Multisite Phosphorylation of Nuclear Interaction Partner of ALK (NIPA) at G2/M Involves Cyclin B1/Cdk1. J Biol Chem 2007; 282:15965-72. [PMID: 17389604 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m610819200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Nuclear interaction partner of ALK (NIPA) is an F-box-containing protein that defines a nuclear skp1 cullin F-box (SCF)-type ubiquitin E3 ligase (SCFNIPA) implicated in the regulation of mitotic entry. The SCFNIPA complex targets nuclear cyclin B1 for ubiquitination in interphase, whereas phosphorylation of NIPA in late G2 phase and mitosis inactivates the complex to allow for accumulation of cyclin B1. Here, we identify the region of NIPA that mediates binding to its substrate cyclin B1. In addition to the recently described serine residue 354, we specify 2 new residues, Ser-359 and Ser-395, implicated in the phosphorylation process at G2/M within this region. Moreover, we found cyclin B1/Cdk1 to phosphorylate NIPA at Ser-395 in mitosis. Mutation of both Ser-359 and Ser-395 impaired effective inactivation of the SCFNIPA complex, resulting in reduced levels of mitotic cyclin B1. These data are compatible with a process of sequential NIPA phosphorylation where cyclin B1/Cdk1 amplifies phosphorylation of NIPA once an initial phosphorylation event has dissociated the SCFNIPA complex. Thus, cyclin B1/Cdk1 may contribute to the regulation of its own abundance in early mitosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Bassermann
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Technical University of Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany, and Department of Pathology, St. Jude Chidren's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA.
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Hara H, Ishihara C, Takeuchi A, Imanishi T, Xue L, Morris SW, Inui M, Takai T, Shibuya A, Saijo S, Iwakura Y, Ohno N, Koseki H, Yoshida H, Penninger JM, Saito T. The adaptor protein CARD9 is essential for the activation of myeloid cells through ITAM-associated and Toll-like receptors. Nat Immunol 2007; 8:619-29. [PMID: 17486093 DOI: 10.1038/ni1466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 260] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2007] [Accepted: 04/13/2007] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motifs (ITAMs) are crucial in antigen receptor signaling in acquired immunity. Although receptors associated with the ITAM-bearing adaptors FcRgamma and DAP12 on myeloid cells have been suggested to activate innate immune responses, the mechanism coupling those receptors to 'downstream' signaling events is unclear. The CARMA1-Bcl-10-MALT1 complex is critical for the activation of transcription factor NF-kappaB in lymphocytes but has an unclear function in myeloid cells. Here we report that deletion of the gene encoding the Bcl-10 adaptor-binding partner CARD9 resulted in impaired myeloid cell activation of NF-kappaB signaling by several ITAM-associated receptors. Moreover, CARD9 was required for Toll-like receptor-induced activation of dendritic cells through the activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases. Although Bcl10-/- and Card9-/- mice had similar signaling impairment in myeloid cells, Card11-/- (CARMA1-deficient) myeloid cell responses were normal, and although Card11-/- lymphocytes were defective in antigen receptor-mediated activation, Card9-/- lymphocytes were not. Thus, the activation of lymphoid and myeloid cells through ITAM-associated receptors or Toll-like receptors is regulated by CARMA1-Bcl-10 and CARD9-Bcl-10, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiromitsu Hara
- Laboratory for Cell Signaling, RIKEN Research Center for Allergy and Immunology, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan.
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Ma X, Renda MJ, Wang L, Cheng EC, Niu C, Morris SW, Chi AS, Krause DS. Rbm15 modulates Notch-induced transcriptional activation and affects myeloid differentiation. Mol Cell Biol 2007; 27:3056-64. [PMID: 17283045 PMCID: PMC1899951 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.01339-06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
RBM15 is the fusion partner with MKL in the t(1;22) translocation of acute megakaryoblastic leukemia. To understand the role of the RBM15-MKL1 fusion protein in leukemia, we must understand the normal functions of RBM15 and MKL. Here, we show a role for Rbm15 in myelopoiesis. Rbm15 is expressed at highest levels in hematopoietic stem cells and at more moderate levels during myelopoiesis of murine cell lines and primary murine cells. Decreasing Rbm15 levels with RNA interference enhances differentiation of the 32DWT18 myeloid precursor cell line. Conversely, enforced expression of Rbm15 inhibits 32DWT18 differentiation. We show that Rbm15 alters Notch-induced HES1 promoter activity in a cell type-specific manner. Rbm15 inhibits Notch-induced HES1 transcription in nonhematopoietic cells but stimulates this activity in hematopoietic cell lines, including 32DWT18 and human erythroleukemia cells. Moreover, the N terminus of Rbm15 coimmunoprecipitates with RBPJkappa, a critical factor in Notch signaling, and the Rbm15 N terminus has a dominant negative effect, impairing activation of HES1 promoter activity by full-length-Rbm15. Thus, Rbm15 is differentially expressed during hematopoiesis and may act to inhibit myeloid differentiation in hematopoietic cells via a mechanism that is mediated by stimulation of Notch signaling via RBPJkappa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianyong Ma
- Yale University School of Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, P.O. Box 208035, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06520-8035, USA
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Chen Y, Pappu BP, Zeng H, Xue L, Morris SW, Lin X, Wen R, Wang D. B cell lymphoma 10 is essential for FcepsilonR-mediated degranulation and IL-6 production in mast cells. J Immunol 2007; 178:49-57. [PMID: 17182539 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.178.1.49] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The adaptor protein B cell lymphoma 10 (Bcl10) plays an essential role in the functions of the AgRs in T and B cells. In this study, we report that Bcl10 also plays an important role in mast cells. Bcl10 is expressed in mast cells. Although Bcl10-deficient mast cells undergo normal development, we demonstrate that Bcl10 is essential for specific functions of FcepsilonR. Although Bcl10-deficient mast cells have normal de novo synthesis and release of the lipid mediator arachidonic acid, the mutant cells possess impaired FcepsilonR-mediated degranulation, indicated by decreased serotonin release, and impaired cytokine production, measured by release of IL-6. In addition, Bcl10-deficient mice display impaired IgE-mediated passive cutaneous anaphylaxis. Moreover, although Bcl10-deficient mast cells have normal FcepsilonR-mediated Ca(2+) flux, activation of PI3K, and activation of the three types of MAPKs (ERKs, JNK, and p38), the mutant cells have markedly diminished FcepsilonR-mediated activation of NF-kappaB and decreased activation of AP-1. Thus, Bcl10 is essential for FcepsilonR-induced activation of AP-1, NF-kappaB, degranulation, and cytokine production in mast cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhong Chen
- Blood Research Institute, Blood Center of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
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49
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Thomson PA, Christoforou A, Morris SW, Adie E, Pickard BS, Porteous DJ, Muir WJ, Blackwood DHR, Evans KL. Association of Neuregulin 1 with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder in a second cohort from the Scottish population. Mol Psychiatry 2007; 12:94-104. [PMID: 16940976 DOI: 10.1038/sj.mp.4001889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Neuregulin 1 (NRG1) is a strong candidate for involvement in the aetiology of schizophrenia. A haplotype, initially identified as showing association in the Icelandic and Scottish populations, has shown a consistent effect size in multiple European populations. Additionally, NRG1 has been implicated in susceptibility to bipolar disorder. In this first study to select markers systematically on the basis of linkage disequilibrium across the entire NRG1 gene, we used haplotype-tagging single-nucleotide polymorphisms to identify single markers and haplotypes associated with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder in an independently ascertained Scottish population. Haplotypes in two regions met an experiment-wide significance threshold of P=0.0016 (Nyholt's SpD) and were permuted to correct for multiple testing. Region A overlaps with the Icelandic haplotype and shows nominal association with schizophrenia (P=0.00032), bipolar disorder (P=0.0011), and the combined case group (P=0.0017). This region includes the 5' exon of the NRG1 GGF2 isoform and overlaps the expressed sequence tag (EST) cluster Hs.97362. However, no haplotype in Region A remains significant after permutation analysis (P>0.05). Region B contains a haplotype associated with both schizophrenia (P=0.00014), and the combined case group (P=0.000062), although it does not meet Nyholt's threshold in bipolar disorder alone (P=0.0022). This haplotype remained significant after permutation analysis in both the schizophrenia and combined case groups (P=0.024 and P=0.016, respectively). It spans a approximately 136 kb region that includes the coding sequence of the sensory and motor neuron derived factor (SMDF) isoform and 3' exons of all other known NRG1 isoforms. Our study identifies a new of NRG1 region involved in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder in the Scottish population.
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Affiliation(s)
- P A Thomson
- Department of Medical Sciences, Medical Genetics Section, Molecular Medicine Centre, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK.
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50
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Wang D, You Y, Lin PC, Xue L, Morris SW, Zeng H, Wen R, Lin X. Bcl10 plays a critical role in NF-kappaB activation induced by G protein-coupled receptors. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2006; 104:145-50. [PMID: 17179215 PMCID: PMC1765424 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0601894104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) play pivotal roles in cell proliferation, differentiation, and survival. Although many studies indicate that the stimulation of GPCRs leads to NF-kappaB activation, the molecular mechanism by which GPCRs induced NF-kappaB activation remains largely unknown. Bcl10 is an essential adaptor molecule connecting antigen receptor signaling cascades to NF-kappaB activation in lymphocytes. However, the function of Bcl10 in nonlymphoid cells remains to be determined. In this study, we demonstrated that the deficiency of Bcl10 resulted in the defect in NF-kappaB activation induced by either expressing the constitutively active mutant of G protein or stimulation of cells with lysophosphatidic acid or endothelin-1, which activate their GPCR. In contrast, TNF-alpha-, LPS-, and integrin-induced NF-kappaB activation was not affected in Bcl10-deficient cells. Together, our results provide genetic evidence showing that Bcl10 is a key signaling component mediating NF-kappaB activation induced by GPCRs in nonlymphoid cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donghai Wang
- *The CBR Institute for Biomedical Research, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Yun You
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Pei-Chun Lin
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Liquan Xue
- Departments of Pathology and Hematology-Oncology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105; and
| | - Stephan W. Morris
- Departments of Pathology and Hematology-Oncology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105; and
| | - Hu Zeng
- The Blood Research Institute, Blood Center of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53201
| | - Renren Wen
- The Blood Research Institute, Blood Center of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53201
| | - Xin Lin
- *The CBR Institute for Biomedical Research, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail:
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