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Oh K, de Sagazan O, Léon C, Le Gall S, Loget G. Custom plating of nanoscale semiconductor/catalyst junctions for photoelectrochemical water splitting. Nanoscale 2021; 13:1997-2004. [PMID: 33443521 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr08414j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Photoelectrochemical water splitting under harsh chemical conditions can be promoted by dispersed transition metal nanoparticles electrodeposited on n-Si surfaces, without the need for classical protection layers. Although this method is simple, it only allows for poor control of metal morphology and geometry on the photoanode surface. Herein, we introduce templated nanoscale electrodeposition on photoactive n-Si for the customization of nanoscale inhomogeneous Schottky junctions and demonstrate their use as stable photoanodes. The photoelectrochemical properties of the so-manufactured photoanodes exhibit a strong dependence on the photoanodes' geometrical features, and the obtained experimental trends are rationalized using simulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiseok Oh
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes)-UMR6226, F-35000 Rennes, France.
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Wilson JE, Blizzard L, Gall SL, Magnussen CG, Oddy WH, Dwyer T, Sanderson K, Venn AJ, Smith KJ. An eating pattern characterised by skipped or delayed breakfast is associated with mood disorders among an Australian adult cohort. Psychol Med 2020; 50:2711-2721. [PMID: 31615586 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291719002800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Meal timing may influence food choices, neurobiology and psychological states. Our exploratory study examined if time-of-day eating patterns were associated with mood disorders among adults. METHODS During 2004-2006 (age 26-36 years) and 2009-2011 (follow-up, age 31-41 years), N = 1304 participants reported 24-h food and beverage intake. Time-of-day eating patterns were derived by principal components analysis. At follow-up, the Composite International Diagnostic Interview measured lifetime mood disorder. Log binomial and adjacent categories log-link regression were used to examine bidirectional associations between eating patterns and mood disorder. Covariates included sex, age, marital status, social support, education, work schedule, body mass index and smoking. RESULTS Three patterns were derived at each time-point: Grazing (intake spread across the day), Traditional (highest intakes reflected breakfast, lunch and dinner), and Late (skipped/delayed breakfast with higher evening intakes). Compared to those in the lowest third of the respective pattern at baseline and follow-up, during the 5-year follow-up, those in the highest third of the Late pattern at both time-points had a higher prevalence of mood disorder [prevalence ratio (PR) = 2.04; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.20-3.48], and those in the highest third of the Traditional pattern at both time-points had a lower prevalence of first onset mood disorder (PR = 0.31; 95% CI 0.11-0.87). Participants who experienced a mood disorder during follow-up had a 1.07 higher relative risk of being in a higher Late pattern score category at follow-up than those without mood disorder (95% CI 1.00-1.14). CONCLUSIONS Non-traditional eating patterns, particularly skipped or delayed breakfast, may be associated with mood disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- J E Wilson
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania7000, Australia
| | - L Blizzard
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania7000, Australia
| | - S L Gall
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania7000, Australia
| | - C G Magnussen
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania7000, Australia
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, FIN-20520, Finland
| | - W H Oddy
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania7000, Australia
| | - T Dwyer
- The George Institute for Global Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3QX, UK
| | - K Sanderson
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania7000, Australia
- School of Health Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK
| | - A J Venn
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania7000, Australia
| | - K J Smith
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania7000, Australia
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Wilson JE, Blizzard L, Gall SL, Magnussen CG, Oddy WH, Dwyer T, Venn AJ, Smith KJ. Youth diet quality and hazard of mood disorder in adolescence and adulthood among an Australian cohort. J Affect Disord 2020; 276:511-518. [PMID: 32871682 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2020.07.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2019] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prospective studies on youth diet and mood disorders outcomes are limited. We examined if youth diet quality was associated with mood disorder onset over a 25-year follow-up period. METHODS In 1985, Australian participants (aged 10-15 years) completed a 24-hour food record. A validated 100-point Dietary Guidelines Index (DGI) assessed diet quality. In 2009-11, 1005 participants (aged 33-41 years) completed the lifetime Composite International Diagnostic Interview for age of first DSM-IV defined mood disorder (depression or dysthymia). Cox proportional hazards regression estimated hazard of mood disorder during the 25-year follow-up according to baseline DGI score. Sensitivity analyses censored the study at 5, 10, and 15 years after baseline and used log binomial regression to estimate relative risk (RR). Covariates included baseline negative affect, BMI, academic performance, smoking, breakfast eating, physical activity, and socioeconomic status. RESULTS The mean(SD) youth DGI score was 45.0(11.5). A 10-point higher DGI was not associated with hazard of mood disorder onset over the 25-year follow-up (Hazard Ratio (HR):1.00; 95% Confidence Interval (CI):0.89-1.13). The only indication that higher DGI might be associated with lower risk of mood disorder was within the first 5 years after baseline and this was not statistically significant (RR=0.85; 95% CI:0.60-1.18). LIMITATIONS Loss-to-follow-up. A single 24-hour food record may not represent usual diet. CONCLUSION Youth diet did not predict mood disorders in adulthood. The suggestions of a lower risk of mood disorder during late adolescence highlights that further prospective studies are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- J E Wilson
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 23, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia
| | - L Blizzard
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 23, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia
| | - S L Gall
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 23, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia
| | - C G Magnussen
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 23, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia; Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku FIN-20520, Finland; Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku FIN-20520, Finland
| | - W H Oddy
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 23, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia
| | - T Dwyer
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 23, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia; The George Institute for Global Health, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QX, United Kingdom
| | - A J Venn
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 23, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia
| | - K J Smith
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 23, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia.
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Phan HT, Gall SL, Blizzard CL, Lannin NA, Thrift AG, Anderson CS, Kim J, Grimley RS, Castley HC, Kilkenny MF, Cadilhac DA. Sex differences in quality of life after stroke were explained by patient factors, not clinical care: evidence from the Australian Stroke Clinical Registry. Eur J Neurol 2020; 28:469-478. [PMID: 32920917 DOI: 10.1111/ene.14531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Women may receive stroke care less often than men. We examined the contribution of clinical care on sex differences and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) after stroke. METHODS We included first-ever strokes registered in the Australian Stroke Clinical Registry (2010-2014) with HRQoL assessed between 90 and 180 days after onset (EQ-5D-3L instrument) that were linked to hospital administrative data (up to 2013). Study factors included sociodemographics, comorbidities, walking ability on admission (stroke severity proxy) and clinical care (e.g. stroke unit care). Responses to the EQ-5D-3L were transformed into a total utility value (-0.516 'worse than death' to 1 'best' health). Quantile regression models, adjusted for confounding factors, were used to determine median differences (MD) in utility scores by sex. RESULTS Approximately 60% (6852/11 418) of stroke survivors had an EQ-5D-3L assessment (median 139 days; 44% female). Compared with men, women were older (median age 77.1 years vs. men 71.2 years) and fewer could walk on admission (37.9% vs. men 46.1%, P < 0.001). Women had lower utility values than men, and the difference was explained by age and stroke severity, but not clinical care [MDadjusted = -0.039, 95% confidence interval: -0.056, -0.021]. Poorer HRQoL was observed in younger men (aged <65 years), particularly those with more comorbidities, and in older women (aged ≥75 years). CONCLUSIONS Stroke severity and comorbidities contribute to the poorer HRQoL in young men and older women. Further studies are needed to understand age-sex interaction to better inform treatments for different subgroups and ensure evidence-based treatments to reduce the severity of stroke are prioritized.
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Affiliation(s)
- H T Phan
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia.,Department of Public Health Management, Pham Ngoc Thach University of Medicine, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.,Stroke and Ageing Research, Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - S L Gall
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia.,Stroke and Ageing Research, Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - C L Blizzard
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - N A Lannin
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Alfred Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - A G Thrift
- Stroke and Ageing Research, Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - C S Anderson
- Faculty of Medicine, The George Institute for Global Health, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - J Kim
- Stroke and Ageing Research, Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - R S Grimley
- Stroke and Ageing Research, Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.,School of Medicine, Griffith University, Birtinya, Queensland, Australia
| | - H C Castley
- Neurology Department, Royal Hobart Hospital, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - M F Kilkenny
- Stroke and Ageing Research, Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.,Stroke Theme, The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
| | - D A Cadilhac
- Stroke and Ageing Research, Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.,Stroke Theme, The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
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Pinna E, Le Gall S, Torralba E, Mula G, Cachet-Vivier C, Bastide S. Mesopore Formation and Silicon Surface Nanostructuration by Metal-Assisted Chemical Etching With Silver Nanoparticles. Front Chem 2020; 8:658. [PMID: 32850670 PMCID: PMC7416550 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2020.00658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This article presents a study on Metal-Assisted Chemical Etching (MACE) of silicon in HF-H2O2 using silver nanoparticles as catalysts. Our aim is a better understanding of the process to elaborate new 3D submicrometric surface structures useful for light management. We investigated MACE over the whole range of silicon doping, i.e., p++, p+, p, p-, n, n+, and n++. We discovered that, instead of the well-defined and straight mesopores obtained in p and n-type silicon, in p++ and n++ silicon MACE leads to the formation of cone-shaped macropores filled with porous silicon. We account for the transition between these two pore-formation regimes (straight and cone-shaped pores) by modeling (at equilibrium and under polarization) the Ag/Si/electrolyte (HF) system. The model simulates the system as two nanodiodes in series. We show that delocalized MACE is explained by a large tunnel current contribution for the p-Si/Ag and n-Si/HF diodes under reverse polarization, which increases with the doping level and when the size of the nanocontacts (Ag, HF) decreases. By analogy with the results obtained on heavily doped silicon, we finally present a method to form size-controlled cone-shaped macropores in p silicon with silver nanoparticles. This shape, instead of the usual straight mesopores, is obtained by applying an external anodic polarization during MACE. Two methods are shown to be effective for the control of the macropore cone angle: one by adjusting the potential applied during MACE, the other by changing the H2O2 concentration. Under appropriate etching conditions, the obtained macropores exhibit optical properties (reflectivity ~3 %) similar to that of black silicon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Pinna
- PoroSiLab, Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, Monserrato, Italy
| | - Sylvain Le Gall
- Group of Electrical Engineering of Paris (GeePs), CNRS, Univ. Paris-Saclay, CentraleSupélec, Sorbonne Univ., Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | | | - Guido Mula
- PoroSiLab, Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, Monserrato, Italy
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Chaliyawala H, Aggarwal N, Purohit Z, Patel R, Gupta G, Jaffre A, Le Gall S, Ray A, Mukhopadhyay I. Role of nanowire length on the performance of a self-driven NIR photodetector based on mono/bi-layer graphene (camphor)/Si-nanowire Schottky junction. Nanotechnology 2020; 31:225208. [PMID: 32059203 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ab767f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In this article, we have demonstrated a solid carbon source such as camphor as a natural precursor to synthesize a large area mono/bi-layer graphene (MLG) sheet to fabricate a nanowire junction-based near infrared photodetectors (NIRPDs). In order to increase the surface-to-volume ratio, we have developed Si-nanowire arrays (SiNWAs) of varying lengths by etching planar Si. Then, the camphor-based MLG/Si and MLG/SiNWAs Schottky junction photodetectors have been fabricated to achieve an efficient response with self-driven properties in the near infrared (NIR) regime. Due to a balance between light absorption capability and surface recombination centers, devices having SiNWAs obtained by etching for 30 min shows a better photoresponse, sensitivity and detectivity. Fabricated NIRPDs can also be functioned as self-driven devices which are highly responsive and very stable at low optical power signals up to 2 V with a fast rise and decay time of 34/13 ms. A tremendous enhancement has been witnessed from 36 μA W-1 to 22 mA W-1 in the responsivity at 0 V for MLG/30 min SiNWAs than planar MLG/Si PDs indicating an important development of self-driven NIRPDs based on camphor-based MLG for future optoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harsh Chaliyawala
- Solar Research and Development Center, Department of Solar Energy, Pandit Deendayal Petroleum University, Raisan, Gandhinagar-382007, Gujarat, India
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Gall SL, Healy SM, Michael BD, Price VA, Ellis R. What the acute physician needs to know about Anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis: two case presentations. Acute Med 2020; 19:244-249. [PMID: 33215179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
These case reports look at two patients with anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAr) encephalitis presenting to the same acute medical unit within a month of each other. The following covers the characteristic signs, symptoms and timeline associated with this condition and discusses whether we should be sending CSF for anti-NMDAr antibody testing more readily.
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Affiliation(s)
- S L Gall
- Royal Liverpool University Hospital, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - S M Healy
- The Walton Centre NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - B D Michael
- The Walton Centre NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - V A Price
- Royal Liverpool University Hospital, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Rjb Ellis
- The Walton Centre NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, United Kingdom
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Marchat C, Dai L, Alvarez J, Le Gall S, Kleider JP, Misra S, Roca I Cabarrocas P. Local V OC Measurements by Kelvin Probe Force Microscopy Applied on P-I-N Radial Junction Si Nanowires. Nanoscale Res Lett 2019; 14:398. [PMID: 31889245 PMCID: PMC6937368 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-019-3230-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This work focuses on the extraction of the open circuit voltage (VOC) on photovoltaic nanowires by surface photovoltage (SPV) based on Kelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM) measurements. In a first approach, P-I-N radial junction (RJ) silicon nanowire (SiNW) devices were investigated under illumination by KPFM and current-voltage (I-V) analysis. Within 5%, the extracted SPV correlates well with the VOC. In a second approach, local SPV measurements were applied on single isolated radial junction SiNWs pointing out shadowing effects from the AFM tip that can strongly impact the SPV assessment. Several strategies in terms of AFM tip shape and illumination orientation have been put in place to minimize this effect. Local SPV measurements on isolated radial junction SiNWs increase logarithmically with the illumination power and demonstrate a linear behavior with the VOC. The results show notably that contactless measurements of the VOC become feasible at the scale of single photovoltaic SiNW devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clément Marchat
- Institut Photovoltaïque d'Ile-de-France (IPVF), 18 Boulevard Thomas Gobert, 91120, Palaiseau, France.
- Génie électrique et électronique de Paris (GeePs), UMR CNRS 8507, CentraleSupélec, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, 11 rue Joliot Curie, 91192, Gif-sur-Yvette, France.
| | - Letian Dai
- Génie électrique et électronique de Paris (GeePs), UMR CNRS 8507, CentraleSupélec, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, 11 rue Joliot Curie, 91192, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- Laboratoire de Physique et Interfaces et des Couches Minces (LPICM), UMR CNRS 7647, CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, Université Paris-Saclay, 91128, Palaiseau, France
- Laboratoire de Physique de la Matière Condensée (LPMC), UMR CNRS 7643, École Polytechnique, 91128, Palaiseau, France
| | - José Alvarez
- Institut Photovoltaïque d'Ile-de-France (IPVF), 18 Boulevard Thomas Gobert, 91120, Palaiseau, France.
- Génie électrique et électronique de Paris (GeePs), UMR CNRS 8507, CentraleSupélec, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, 11 rue Joliot Curie, 91192, Gif-sur-Yvette, France.
| | - Sylvain Le Gall
- Génie électrique et électronique de Paris (GeePs), UMR CNRS 8507, CentraleSupélec, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, 11 rue Joliot Curie, 91192, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Jean-Paul Kleider
- Institut Photovoltaïque d'Ile-de-France (IPVF), 18 Boulevard Thomas Gobert, 91120, Palaiseau, France
- Génie électrique et électronique de Paris (GeePs), UMR CNRS 8507, CentraleSupélec, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, 11 rue Joliot Curie, 91192, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Soumyadeep Misra
- Laboratoire de Physique et Interfaces et des Couches Minces (LPICM), UMR CNRS 7647, CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, Université Paris-Saclay, 91128, Palaiseau, France
| | - Pere Roca I Cabarrocas
- Laboratoire de Physique et Interfaces et des Couches Minces (LPICM), UMR CNRS 7647, CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, Université Paris-Saclay, 91128, Palaiseau, France
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Courtin J, Le Gall S, Chrétien P, Moréac A, Delhaye G, Lépine B, Tricot S, Turban P, Schieffer P, Le Breton JC. A low Schottky barrier height and transport mechanism in gold-graphene-silicon (001) heterojunctions. Nanoscale Adv 2019; 1:3372-3378. [PMID: 36133562 PMCID: PMC9418477 DOI: 10.1039/c9na00393b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The interface resistance at metal/semiconductor junctions has been a key issue for decades. The control of this resistance is dependent on the possibility to tune the Schottky barrier height. However, Fermi level pinning in these systems forbids a total control over interface resistance. The introduction of 2D crystals between semiconductor surfaces and metals may be an interesting route towards this goal. In this work, we study the influence of the introduction of a graphene monolayer between a metal and silicon on the Schottky barrier height. We used X-ray photoemission spectroscopy to rule out the presence of oxides at the interface, the absence of pinning of the Fermi level and the strong reduction of the Schottky barrier height. We then performed a multiscale transport analysis to determine the transport mechanism. The consistency in the measured barrier height at different scales confirms the good quality of our junctions and the role of graphene in the drastic reduction of the barrier height.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jules Courtin
- Univ. Rennes, CNRS, IPR (Institut de Physique de Rennes), UMR 6251 F-35000 Rennes France
- Département Matériaux et Nanosciences, Institut de Physique de Rennes, UMR 6251, CNRS, Université de Rennes 1 Campus de Beaulieu, Bât 11E 35042 Rennes cedex France
| | - Sylvain Le Gall
- Group of Electrical Engineering Paris (GeePs), CNRS, CentraleSupélec, Univ. Paris-Sud, Sorbonne Université, CEDEX 11 rue Joliot-Curie 91192 Gif-sur-Yvette France
| | - Pascal Chrétien
- Group of Electrical Engineering Paris (GeePs), CNRS, CentraleSupélec, Univ. Paris-Sud, Sorbonne Université, CEDEX 11 rue Joliot-Curie 91192 Gif-sur-Yvette France
| | - Alain Moréac
- Univ. Rennes, CNRS, IPR (Institut de Physique de Rennes), UMR 6251 F-35000 Rennes France
- Département Matériaux et Nanosciences, Institut de Physique de Rennes, UMR 6251, CNRS, Université de Rennes 1 Campus de Beaulieu, Bât 11E 35042 Rennes cedex France
| | - Gabriel Delhaye
- Univ. Rennes, CNRS, IPR (Institut de Physique de Rennes), UMR 6251 F-35000 Rennes France
- Département Matériaux et Nanosciences, Institut de Physique de Rennes, UMR 6251, CNRS, Université de Rennes 1 Campus de Beaulieu, Bât 11E 35042 Rennes cedex France
| | - Bruno Lépine
- Univ. Rennes, CNRS, IPR (Institut de Physique de Rennes), UMR 6251 F-35000 Rennes France
- Département Matériaux et Nanosciences, Institut de Physique de Rennes, UMR 6251, CNRS, Université de Rennes 1 Campus de Beaulieu, Bât 11E 35042 Rennes cedex France
| | - Sylvain Tricot
- Univ. Rennes, CNRS, IPR (Institut de Physique de Rennes), UMR 6251 F-35000 Rennes France
- Département Matériaux et Nanosciences, Institut de Physique de Rennes, UMR 6251, CNRS, Université de Rennes 1 Campus de Beaulieu, Bât 11E 35042 Rennes cedex France
| | - Pascal Turban
- Univ. Rennes, CNRS, IPR (Institut de Physique de Rennes), UMR 6251 F-35000 Rennes France
- Département Matériaux et Nanosciences, Institut de Physique de Rennes, UMR 6251, CNRS, Université de Rennes 1 Campus de Beaulieu, Bât 11E 35042 Rennes cedex France
| | - Philippe Schieffer
- Univ. Rennes, CNRS, IPR (Institut de Physique de Rennes), UMR 6251 F-35000 Rennes France
- Département Matériaux et Nanosciences, Institut de Physique de Rennes, UMR 6251, CNRS, Université de Rennes 1 Campus de Beaulieu, Bât 11E 35042 Rennes cedex France
| | - Jean-Christophe Le Breton
- Univ. Rennes, CNRS, IPR (Institut de Physique de Rennes), UMR 6251 F-35000 Rennes France
- Département Matériaux et Nanosciences, Institut de Physique de Rennes, UMR 6251, CNRS, Université de Rennes 1 Campus de Beaulieu, Bât 11E 35042 Rennes cedex France
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Bastide S, Torralba E, Halbwax M, Le Gall S, Mpogui E, Cachet-Vivier C, Magnin V, Harari J, Yarekha D, Vilcot JP. 3D Patterning of Si by Contact Etching With Nanoporous Metals. Front Chem 2019; 7:256. [PMID: 31106193 PMCID: PMC6494945 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2019.00256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanoporous gold and platinum electrodes are used to pattern n-type silicon by contact etching at the macroscopic scale. This type of electrode has the advantage of forming nanocontacts between silicon, the metal and the electrolyte as in classical metal assisted chemical etching while ensuring electrolyte transport to and from the interface through the electrode. Nanoporous gold electrodes with two types of nanostructures, fine and coarse (average ligament widths of ~30 and 100 nm, respectively) have been elaborated and tested. Patterns consisting in networks of square-based pyramids (10 × 10 μm2 base × 7 μm height) and U-shaped lines (2, 5, and 10 μm width × 10 μm height × 4 μm interspacing) are imprinted by both electrochemical and chemical (HF-H2O2) contact etching. A complete pattern transfer of pyramids is achieved with coarse nanoporous gold in both contact etching modes, at a rate of ~0.35 μm min−1. Under the same etching conditions, U-shaped line were only partially imprinted. The surface state after imprinting presents various defects such as craters, pores or porous silicon. Small walls are sometimes obtained due to imprinting of the details of the coarse gold nanostructure. We establish that np-Au electrodes can be turned into “np-Pt” electrodes by simply sputtering a thin platinum layer (5 nm) on the etching (catalytic) side of the electrode. Imprinting with np Au/Pt slightly improves the pattern transfer resolution. 2D numerical simulations of the valence band modulation at the Au/Si/electrolyte interfaces are carried out to explain the localized aspect of contact etching of n-type silicon with gold and platinum and the different surface state obtained after patterning. They show that n-type silicon in contact with gold or platinum is in inversion regime, with holes under the metal (within 3 nm). Etching under moderate anodic polarization corresponds to a quasi 2D hole transfer over a few nanometers in the inversion layer between adjacent metal and electrolyte contacts and is therefore very localized around metal contacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphane Bastide
- Institut de Chimie et des Matériaux Paris-Est (UMR 7182), CNRS, UPEC, Université Paris Est, Thiais, France
| | - Encarnacion Torralba
- Institut de Chimie et des Matériaux Paris-Est (UMR 7182), CNRS, UPEC, Université Paris Est, Thiais, France
| | - Mathieu Halbwax
- Institut d'Électronique de Microélectronique et de Nanotechnologie (IEMN), UMR 8520, Université de Lille, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
| | - Sylvain Le Gall
- Group of Electrical Engineering of Paris (GeePs), CNRS, Centralesupelec, Univ. Paris-Sud, Sorbonne Université, Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - Elias Mpogui
- Institut de Chimie et des Matériaux Paris-Est (UMR 7182), CNRS, UPEC, Université Paris Est, Thiais, France
| | - Christine Cachet-Vivier
- Institut de Chimie et des Matériaux Paris-Est (UMR 7182), CNRS, UPEC, Université Paris Est, Thiais, France
| | - Vincent Magnin
- Institut d'Électronique de Microélectronique et de Nanotechnologie (IEMN), UMR 8520, Université de Lille, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
| | - Joseph Harari
- Institut d'Électronique de Microélectronique et de Nanotechnologie (IEMN), UMR 8520, Université de Lille, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
| | - Dmitri Yarekha
- Institut d'Électronique de Microélectronique et de Nanotechnologie (IEMN), UMR 8520, Université de Lille, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
| | - Jean-Pierre Vilcot
- Institut d'Électronique de Microélectronique et de Nanotechnologie (IEMN), UMR 8520, Université de Lille, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
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11
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Levtchenko A, Le Gall S, Lachaume R, Michallon J, Collin S, Alvarez J, Djebbour Z, Kleider JP. Optoelectrical modeling of solar cells based on c-Si/a-Si:H nanowire array: focus on the electrical transport in between the nanowires. Nanotechnology 2018; 29:255401. [PMID: 29553942 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/aab7e8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
By coupling optical and electrical modeling, we have investigated the photovoltaic performances of p-i-n radial nanowires array based on crystalline p-type silicon (c-Si) core/hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) shell. By varying either the doping concentration of the c-Si core, or back contact work function we can separate and highlight the contribution to the cell's performance of the nanowires themselves (the radial cell) from the interspace between the nanowires (the planar cell). We show that the build-in potential (V bi) in the radial and planar cells strongly depends on the doping of c-Si core and the work function of the back contact respectively. Consequently, the solar cell's performance is degraded if either the doping concentration of the c-Si core, or/and the work function of the back contact is too low. By inserting a thin (p) a-Si:H layer between both core/absorber and back contact/absorber, the performance of the solar cell can be improved by partly fixing the V bi at both interfaces due to strong electrostatic screening effect. Depositing such a buffer layer playing the role of an electrostatic screen for charge carriers is a suggested way of enhancing the performance of solar cells based on radial p-i-n or n-i-p nanowire array.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Levtchenko
- Génie électrique et électronique de Paris, UMR CNRS 8507, CentraleSupélec, Univ. Paris-Sud, UPMC, 11 rue Joliot-Curie, Plateau de Moulon, F-91192 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
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12
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Ngkelo A, Richart A, Kirk JA, Bonnin P, Vilar J, Lemitre M, Marck P, Branchereau M, Le Gall S, Renault N, Guerin C, Ranek MJ, Kervadec A, Danelli L, Gautier G, Blank U, Launay P, Camerer E, Bruneval P, Menasche P, Heymes C, Luche E, Casteilla L, Cousin B, Rodewald HR, Kass DA, Silvestre JS. Mast cells regulate myofilament calcium sensitization and heart function after myocardial infarction. J Exp Med 2017; 213:1353-74. [PMID: 27353089 PMCID: PMC4925026 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20160081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2016] [Accepted: 05/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Ngkelo et al. use a mast cell–deficient mouse model to reveal a protective role of mast cells in myocardial infarction, through regulation of the cardiac contractile machinery. Acute myocardial infarction (MI) is a severe ischemic disease responsible for heart failure and sudden death. Inflammatory cells orchestrate postischemic cardiac remodeling after MI. Studies using mice with defective mast/stem cell growth factor receptor c-Kit have suggested key roles for mast cells (MCs) in postischemic cardiac remodeling. Because c-Kit mutations affect multiple cell types of both immune and nonimmune origin, we addressed the impact of MCs on cardiac function after MI, using the c-Kit–independent MC-deficient (Cpa3Cre/+) mice. In response to MI, MC progenitors originated primarily from white adipose tissue, infiltrated the heart, and differentiated into mature MCs. MC deficiency led to reduced postischemic cardiac function and depressed cardiomyocyte contractility caused by myofilament Ca2+ desensitization. This effect correlated with increased protein kinase A (PKA) activity and hyperphosphorylation of its targets, troponin I and myosin-binding protein C. MC-specific tryptase was identified to regulate PKA activity in cardiomyocytes via protease-activated receptor 2 proteolysis. This work reveals a novel function for cardiac MCs modulating cardiomyocyte contractility via alteration of PKA-regulated force–Ca2+ interactions in response to MI. Identification of this MC-cardiomyocyte cross-talk provides new insights on the cellular and molecular mechanisms regulating the cardiac contractile machinery and a novel platform for therapeutically addressable regulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anta Ngkelo
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), UMRS-970, Centre de Recherche Cardiovasculaire, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, F-75015 Paris, France
| | - Adèle Richart
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), UMRS-970, Centre de Recherche Cardiovasculaire, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, F-75015 Paris, France
| | - Jonathan A Kirk
- Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD 212015
| | - Philippe Bonnin
- INSERM, U965, Hôpital Lariboisière-Fernand-Widal, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, F-75010 Paris, France
| | - Jose Vilar
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), UMRS-970, Centre de Recherche Cardiovasculaire, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, F-75015 Paris, France
| | - Mathilde Lemitre
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), UMRS-970, Centre de Recherche Cardiovasculaire, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, F-75015 Paris, France
| | - Pauline Marck
- INSERM, UMR-1048, Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, F-31004 Toulouse, France
| | - Maxime Branchereau
- INSERM, UMR-1048, Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, F-31004 Toulouse, France
| | - Sylvain Le Gall
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), UMRS-970, Centre de Recherche Cardiovasculaire, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, F-75015 Paris, France
| | - Nisa Renault
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), UMRS-970, Centre de Recherche Cardiovasculaire, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, F-75015 Paris, France
| | - Coralie Guerin
- National Cytometry Platform, Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, L-4354 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Mark J Ranek
- Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD 212015
| | - Anaïs Kervadec
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), UMRS-970, Centre de Recherche Cardiovasculaire, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, F-75015 Paris, France
| | - Luca Danelli
- Laboratoire d'Excellence INFLAMEX, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, F-75018 Paris, France INSERM, U1149, F-75018 Paris, France Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) ERL 8252, F-75018 Paris, France
| | - Gregory Gautier
- Laboratoire d'Excellence INFLAMEX, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, F-75018 Paris, France INSERM, U1149, F-75018 Paris, France
| | - Ulrich Blank
- Laboratoire d'Excellence INFLAMEX, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, F-75018 Paris, France INSERM, U1149, F-75018 Paris, France Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) ERL 8252, F-75018 Paris, France
| | - Pierre Launay
- Laboratoire d'Excellence INFLAMEX, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, F-75018 Paris, France INSERM, U1149, F-75018 Paris, France
| | - Eric Camerer
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), UMRS-970, Centre de Recherche Cardiovasculaire, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, F-75015 Paris, France
| | - Patrick Bruneval
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), UMRS-970, Centre de Recherche Cardiovasculaire, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, F-75015 Paris, France Hôpital European George Pompidou, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, F-75015 Paris, France
| | - Philippe Menasche
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), UMRS-970, Centre de Recherche Cardiovasculaire, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, F-75015 Paris, France Hôpital European George Pompidou, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, F-75015 Paris, France
| | - Christophe Heymes
- INSERM, UMR-1048, Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, F-31004 Toulouse, France
| | - Elodie Luche
- STROMALab, Etablissement Français du Sang, INSERM U1031, CNRS ERL 5311, Université de Toulouse, F-31004 Toulouse, France
| | - Louis Casteilla
- STROMALab, Etablissement Français du Sang, INSERM U1031, CNRS ERL 5311, Université de Toulouse, F-31004 Toulouse, France
| | - Béatrice Cousin
- STROMALab, Etablissement Français du Sang, INSERM U1031, CNRS ERL 5311, Université de Toulouse, F-31004 Toulouse, France
| | - Hans-Reimer Rodewald
- Division of Cellular Immunology, German Cancer Research Center, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - David A Kass
- Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD 212015
| | - Jean-Sébastien Silvestre
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), UMRS-970, Centre de Recherche Cardiovasculaire, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, F-75015 Paris, France
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13
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Torralba E, Halbwax M, El Assimi T, Fouchier M, Magnin V, Harari J, Vilcot JP, Le Gall S, Lachaume R, Cachet-Vivier C, Bastide S. 3D patterning of silicon by contact etching with anodically biased nanoporous gold electrodes. Electrochem commun 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.elecom.2017.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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14
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Li X, Maretzky T, Perez-Aguilar JM, Monette S, Weskamp G, Le Gall S, Beutler B, Weinstein H, Blobel CP. Structural modeling defines transmembrane residues in ADAM17 that are crucial for Rhbdf2-ADAM17-dependent proteolysis. J Cell Sci 2017; 130:868-878. [PMID: 28104813 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.196436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2016] [Accepted: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
A disintegrin and metalloproteinase 17 (ADAM17) controls the release of the pro-inflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα, also known as TNF) and is crucial for protecting the skin and intestinal barrier by proteolytic activation of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) ligands. The seven-membrane-spanning protein called inactive rhomboid 2 (Rhbdf2; also known as iRhom2) is required for ADAM17-dependent TNFα shedding and crosstalk with the EGFR, and a point mutation (known as sinecure, sin) in the first transmembrane domain (TMD) of Rhbdf2 (Rhbdf2sin) blocks TNFα shedding, yet little is known about the underlying mechanism. Here, we used a structure-function analysis informed by structural modeling to evaluate the interaction between the TMD of ADAM17 and the first TMD of Rhbdf2, and the role of this interaction in Rhbdf2-ADAM17-dependent shedding. Moreover, we show that double mutant mice that are homozygous for Rhbdf2sin/sin and lack Rhbdf1 closely resemble Rhbdf1/2-/- double knockout mice, highlighting the severe functional impact of the Rhbdf2sin/sin mutation on ADAM17 during mouse development. Taken together, these findings provide new mechanistic and conceptual insights into the critical role of the TMDs of ADAM17 and Rhbdf2 in the regulation of the ADAM17 and EGFR, and ADAM17 and TNFα signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Li
- Arthritis and Tissue Degeneration Program, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY 10021, USA.,Dept. of Biochemistry, Cellular and Molecular Biology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Thorsten Maretzky
- Arthritis and Tissue Degeneration Program, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Jose Manuel Perez-Aguilar
- Department of Physiology, Biophysics and Systems Biology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA.,IBM Thomas J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, New York, NY 10598, USA
| | - Sébastien Monette
- Tri-Institutional Laboratory of Comparative Pathology, Sloan-Kettering Institute, New York, NY 10021 USA
| | - Gisela Weskamp
- Arthritis and Tissue Degeneration Program, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Sylvain Le Gall
- Arthritis and Tissue Degeneration Program, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Bruce Beutler
- Center for the Genetics of Host Defense, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Harel Weinstein
- Department of Physiology, Biophysics and Systems Biology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Carl P Blobel
- Arthritis and Tissue Degeneration Program, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY 10021, USA .,Dept. of Biochemistry, Cellular and Molecular Biology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA.,Department of Physiology, Biophysics and Systems Biology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA.,Institute for Advanced Study, Technical University Munich, Garching 85748, Germany
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15
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Torralba E, Le Gall S, Lachaume R, Magnin V, Harari J, Halbwax M, Vilcot JP, Cachet-Vivier C, Bastide S. Tunable Surface Structuration of Silicon by Metal Assisted Chemical Etching with Pt Nanoparticles under Electrochemical Bias. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2016; 8:31375-31384. [PMID: 27781426 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b09036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
An in-depth study of metal assisted chemical etching (MACE) of p-type c-Si in HF/H2O2 aqueous solutions using Pt nanoparticles as catalysts is presented. Combination of cyclic voltammetry, open circuit measurements, chronoamperometry, impedance spectroscopy, and 2D band bending modeling of the metal/semiconductor/electrolyte interfaces at the nanoscale and under different etching conditions allows gaining physical insights into this system. Additionally, in an attempt to mimic the etching conditions, the modeling has been performed with a positively biased nanoparticle buried in the Si substrate. Following these findings, the application of an external polarization during etching is introduced as a novel efficient approach for achieving straightforward control of the pore morphology by acting upon the band bending at the Si/electrolyte junction. In this way, nanostructures ranging from straight mesopores to cone-shaped macropores are obtained as the Si sample is biased from negative to positive potentials. Remarkably, macroscopic cone-shaped pores in the 1-5 μm size range with a high aspect ratio (L/W ∼ 1.6) are obtained by this method. This morphology leads to a reduction of the surface reflectance below 5% over the entire VIS-NIR domain, which outperforms macrostructures made by state of the art texturization techniques for Si solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Encarnación Torralba
- Institut de Chimie et des Matériaux Paris-Est, CNRS, Université Paris-Est , 2-8 rue Henri Dunant, 94320 Thiais, France
| | - Sylvain Le Gall
- Group of electrical engineering - Paris, UMR CNRS 8507, Centrale Supélec, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06 , 3 & 11 rue Joliot-Curie, Plateau de Moulon, 91192 Gif-sur-Yvette CEDEX, France
| | - Raphaël Lachaume
- Group of electrical engineering - Paris, UMR CNRS 8507, Centrale Supélec, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06 , 3 & 11 rue Joliot-Curie, Plateau de Moulon, 91192 Gif-sur-Yvette CEDEX, France
| | - Vincent Magnin
- Institut d'Électronique, de Microélectronique et de Nanotechnologie, UMR CNRS 8520, Université de Lille 1 - Sciences et Technologies , Avenue Henri Poincaré, CS 60069, 59652 Villeneuve d'Ascq cedex, France
| | - Joseph Harari
- Institut d'Électronique, de Microélectronique et de Nanotechnologie, UMR CNRS 8520, Université de Lille 1 - Sciences et Technologies , Avenue Henri Poincaré, CS 60069, 59652 Villeneuve d'Ascq cedex, France
| | - Mathieu Halbwax
- Institut d'Électronique, de Microélectronique et de Nanotechnologie, UMR CNRS 8520, Université de Lille 1 - Sciences et Technologies , Avenue Henri Poincaré, CS 60069, 59652 Villeneuve d'Ascq cedex, France
| | - Jean-Pierre Vilcot
- Institut d'Électronique, de Microélectronique et de Nanotechnologie, UMR CNRS 8520, Université de Lille 1 - Sciences et Technologies , Avenue Henri Poincaré, CS 60069, 59652 Villeneuve d'Ascq cedex, France
| | - Christine Cachet-Vivier
- Institut de Chimie et des Matériaux Paris-Est, CNRS, Université Paris-Est , 2-8 rue Henri Dunant, 94320 Thiais, France
| | - Stéphane Bastide
- Institut de Chimie et des Matériaux Paris-Est, CNRS, Université Paris-Est , 2-8 rue Henri Dunant, 94320 Thiais, France
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16
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Gall SL, Sanderson K, Smith KJ, Patton G, Dwyer T, Venn A. Bi-directional associations between healthy lifestyles and mood disorders in young adults: The Childhood Determinants of Adult Health Study. Psychol Med 2016; 46:2535-2548. [PMID: 27338017 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291716000738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Healthy lifestyles prevent cardiovascular disease and are increasingly recognized in relation to mental health but longitudinal studies are limited. We examined bi-directional associations between mood disorders and healthy lifestyles in a cohort followed for 5 years. METHOD Participants were aged 26-36 years at baseline (2004-2006) and 31-41 years at follow-up (2009-2011). At follow-up, lifetime mood disorders (depression or dysthymia) were retrospectively diagnosed with the Composite International Diagnostic Interview. A five-item lifestyle score (comprising body mass index, non-smoking, alcohol consumption, leisure time physical activity and healthy diet) was measured at both time points. Linear and log multinomial regression determined if mood disorder before baseline predicted changes in lifestyle (n = 1041). Log binomial regression estimated whether lifestyle at baseline predicted new episodes of mood disorder (n = 1233). Covariates included age, sex, socio-economic position, parental and marital status, social support, major life events, cardiovascular disease history, and self-rated physical and mental health. RESULTS A history of mood disorder before baseline predicted unfavourable trajectories of lifestyle over follow-up, including somewhat lower risk of improvement [relative risk (RR) 0.76, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.56-1.03] and greater risk of worsening (RR 1.46, 95% CI 0.99-2.15) of lifestyle independent of confounding factors. Higher lifestyle scores at baseline were associated with a 22% (RR 0.76, 95% CI 0.61-0.95) reduced risk of first episodes of mood disorder, independent of confounding factors. CONCLUSIONS Healthy lifestyles and mood disorders are closely related. Our results suggest that healthy lifestyles may not only reduce cardiovascular disease but also promote mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- S L Gall
- University of Tasmania,Menzies Institute for Medical Research,Hobart,TAS,Australia
| | - K Sanderson
- University of Tasmania,Menzies Institute for Medical Research,Hobart,TAS,Australia
| | - K J Smith
- University of Tasmania,Menzies Institute for Medical Research,Hobart,TAS,Australia
| | - G Patton
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute,Centre for Adolescent Health,Parkville,VIC,Australia
| | - T Dwyer
- University of Tasmania,Menzies Institute for Medical Research,Hobart,TAS,Australia
| | - A Venn
- University of Tasmania,Menzies Institute for Medical Research,Hobart,TAS,Australia
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17
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Maretzky T, Evers A, Le Gall S, Alabi RO, Speck N, Reiss K, Blobel CP. The cytoplasmic domain of a disintegrin and metalloproteinase 10 (ADAM10) regulates its constitutive activity but is dispensable for stimulated ADAM10-dependent shedding. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:7416-25. [PMID: 25605720 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.603753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The membrane-anchored metalloproteinase a disintegrin and metalloprotease 10 (ADAM10) is required for shedding of membrane proteins such as EGF, betacellulin, the amyloid precursor protein, and CD23 from cells. ADAM10 is constitutively active and can be rapidly and post-translationally enhanced by several stimuli, yet little is known about the underlying mechanism. Here, we use ADAM10-deficient cells transfected with wild type or mutant ADAM10 to address the role of its cytoplasmic and transmembrane domain in regulating ADAM10-dependent protein ectodomain shedding. We report that the cytoplasmic domain of ADAM10 negatively regulates its constitutive activity through an ER retention motif but is dispensable for its stimulated activity. However, chimeras with the extracellular domain of ADAM10 and the transmembrane domain of ADAM17 with or without the cytoplasmic domain of ADAM17 show reduced stimulated shedding of the ADAM10 substrate betacellulin, whereas the ionomycin-stimulated shedding of the ADAM17 substrates CD62-L and TGFα is not affected. Moreover, we show that influx of extracellular calcium activates ADAM10 but is not essential for its activation by APMA and BzATP. Finally, the rapid stimulation of ADAM10 is not significantly affected by incubation with proprotein convertase inhibitors for up to 8 h, arguing against a major role of increased prodomain removal in the rapid stimulation of ADAM10. Thus, the cytoplasmic domain of ADAM10 negatively influences constitutive shedding through an ER retention motif, whereas the cytoplasmic domain and prodomain processing are not required for the rapid activation of ADAM10-dependent shedding events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thorsten Maretzky
- From the Arthritis and Tissue Degeneration Program, Hospital for Special Surgery and
| | - Astrid Evers
- From the Arthritis and Tissue Degeneration Program, Hospital for Special Surgery and the Department of Dermatology Venerology and Allergology, University Hospital Schleswig Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel D-24105, Germany, and
| | - Sylvain Le Gall
- From the Arthritis and Tissue Degeneration Program, Hospital for Special Surgery and
| | - Rolake O Alabi
- From the Arthritis and Tissue Degeneration Program, Hospital for Special Surgery and the Tri-Institutional M.D./Ph.D. Program, Rockefeller University/Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center/Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York 10021
| | - Nancy Speck
- the Department of Dermatology Venerology and Allergology, University Hospital Schleswig Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel D-24105, Germany, and
| | - Karina Reiss
- the Department of Dermatology Venerology and Allergology, University Hospital Schleswig Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel D-24105, Germany, and
| | - Carl P Blobel
- From the Arthritis and Tissue Degeneration Program, Hospital for Special Surgery and the Departments of Medicine and of Physiology, Biophysics and Systems Biology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York 10021,
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Smith KJ, Blizzard L, McNaughton SA, Gall SL, Dwyer T, Venn AJ. Takeaway food consumption and cardio-metabolic risk factors in young adults. Eur J Clin Nutr 2011; 66:577-84. [PMID: 22146886 DOI: 10.1038/ejcn.2011.202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Takeaway food consumption is positively associated with adiposity. Little is known about the associations with other cardio-metabolic risk factors. This study aimed to determine whether takeaway food consumption is associated with fasting glucose, insulin, lipids, homeostasis model assessment (HOMA) and blood pressure. SUBJECTS/METHODS A national sample of 1896, 26-36 year olds completed a questionnaire on socio-demographics, takeaway food consumption, physical activity and sedentary behaviour. Waist circumference and blood pressure were measured, and a fasting blood sample was taken. For this analysis, takeaway food consumption was dichotomised to once a week or less and twice a week or more. Linear regression was used to calculate differences in the adjusted mean values for fasting lipids, glucose, insulin, HOMA and blood pressure. Models were adjusted for age, employment status, leisure time physical activity and TV viewing. RESULTS Compared with women who ate takeaway once a week or less, women who ate takeaway twice a week or more had significantly higher adjusted mean fasting glucose (4.82 vs 4.88 mmol/l, respectively; P=0.045), higher HOMA scores (1.27 vs 1.40, respectively, P=0.034) and tended to have a higher mean fasting insulin (5.95 vs 6.45 mU/l, respectively, P=0.054). Similar associations were observed for men for fasting insulin and HOMA score, but the differences were not statistically significant. For both women and men adjustment for waist circumference attenuated the associations. CONCLUSION Consuming takeaway food at least twice a week was associated with cardio-metabolic risk factors in women but less so in men. The effect of takeaway food consumption was attenuated when adjusted for obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- K J Smith
- Menzies Research Institute Tasmania, University of Tasmania, Hobart Tasmania, Australia.
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Legrand J, Gall SL, Bobé P, Tovey M. PS1-05 Loss of P2X7 receptor expression on dn regulatory T-cell subsets through T-cell activation. Cytokine 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2010.07.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Bobé P, Le Gall S, Legrand J, Benbijja M, Benihoud K, Kanellopoulos J. Loss of P2X7 receptor membrane expression in B220+ double-negative T lymphocytes of autoimmune MRL/lpr mice (143.32). The Journal of Immunology 2010. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.184.supp.143.32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Lupus is an autoimmune disease influenced by multiple genetic loci. Fas-deficient MRL/lpr mice exhibit lupus and lymphoproliferative syndromes with massive accumulation of B220+CD4-CD8- (DN) T lymphocytes. Pathogenic B220+ DN T lymphocytes are derived from normal activated T lymphocytes which have not undergone activation-induced cell death due to inactivation of Fas. Normal activated peripheral T lymphocytes up-regulate the membrane phosphatase B220 before undergoing apoptosis. In Fas-deficient mice, activated T cells down-regulate CD4 or CD8 molecules but retain the expression of B220. P2X7R is an extracellular ATP-gated cell membrane receptor involved in the release of inflammatory cytokines and cell death. We show herein that MRL/lpr mice carry a P2X7R allele, which confers a high sensitivity to ATP. However, during aging, the MRL/lpr T-cell population exhibits a drastically reduced sensitivity to ATP-mediated stimulation of P2X7R. This decrease in P2X7R activity parallels the increase in B220+ DN T-cell numbers in lymphoid organs. The rare B220+ T cells observed in normal mice are also resistant to ATP treatment. Moreover, B cells, which express B220 as a developmental marker, are also dramatically less sensitive to ATP treatment. Using rabbit anti-P2X7R sera, we found a strong reduction in P2X7R levels on B220+ cells. Our results prompt the conclusion that B220 expression strongly correlates with the negative regulation of ATP/P2X7R pathway on both T and B cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Bobé
- 1Département de Pathologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Institut Jacques Monod - UMR 7592 CNRS - Université Paris Diderot, Paris, France
- 4Université Paris-Sud, Orsay, France
| | - Sylvain Le Gall
- 1Département de Pathologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Institut Jacques Monod - UMR 7592 CNRS - Université Paris Diderot, Paris, France
| | - Julie Legrand
- 1Département de Pathologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Institut Jacques Monod - UMR 7592 CNRS - Université Paris Diderot, Paris, France
- 4Université Paris-Sud, Orsay, France
| | - Mohcine Benbijja
- 1Département de Pathologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Institut Jacques Monod - UMR 7592 CNRS - Université Paris Diderot, Paris, France
| | - Karim Benihoud
- 2CNRS UMR 8121, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
- 4Université Paris-Sud, Orsay, France
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Weskamp G, Mendelson K, Swendeman S, Le Gall S, Ma Y, Lyman S, Hinoki A, Eguchi S, Guaiquil V, Horiuchi K, Blobel CP. Pathological neovascularization is reduced by inactivation of ADAM17 in endothelial cells but not in pericytes. Circ Res 2010; 106:932-40. [PMID: 20110534 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.109.207415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Pathological neovascularization is a critical component of diseases such as proliferative retinopathies, cancer and rheumatoid arthritis, yet much remains to be learned about the underlying causes. Previous studies showed that vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-A activates the membrane-anchored metalloproteinase ADAM17 (a disintegrin and metalloproteinase 17) in endothelial cells, thereby stimulating crosstalk between VEGF receptor 2 and extracellular signal-regulated kinase. These findings raised interesting questions about the role of ADAM17 in angiogenesis and neovascularization in vivo. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to inactivate ADAM17 in endothelial cells or in pericytes to determine how this affects developmental angiogenesis, pathological retinal neovascularization and heterotopic tumor growth. METHODS AND RESULTS We generated animals in which floxed ADAM17 was removed by Tie2-Cre in endothelial cells, or by smooth muscle (sm) Cre in smooth muscle cells and pericytes. There were no evident developmental defects in either conditional knockout strain, but pathological retinal neovascularization and growth of heterotopically injected tumor cells was reduced in Adam17flox/flox/Tie2-Cre mice, although not in Adam17flox/flox/sm-Cre mice. Moreover, lack of ADAM17 in endothelial cells decreased ex vivo chord formation, and this could be largely restored by addition of the ADAM17 substrate HB-EGF (heparin-binding epidermal growth factor-like growth factor). Finally we found that ADAM17 is important for the VEGF receptor 2 stimulated processing of several receptors with known functions in endothelial cell biology. CONCLUSIONS These results provide the first evidence for a role for ADAM17 in pathological neovascularization in vivo. Because ADAM17 does not appear to be required for normal developmental angiogenesis or vascular homeostasis, it could emerge as a good target for treatment of pathological neovascularization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gisela Weskamp
- Arthritis and Tissue Degeneration Program, Caspary Research Building, Room 426, Hospital for Special Surgery, 535 E 70th St, New York, NY 10021, USA
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Horiuchi K, Le Gall S, Schulte M, Yamaguchi T, Reiss K, Murphy G, Toyama Y, Hartmann D, Saftig P, Blobel CP. Substrate selectivity of epidermal growth factor-receptor ligand sheddases and their regulation by phorbol esters and calcium influx. Mol Biol Cell 2006; 18:176-88. [PMID: 17079736 PMCID: PMC1751309 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e06-01-0014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 246] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Signaling via the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), which has critical roles in development and diseases such as cancer, is regulated by proteolytic shedding of its membrane-tethered ligands. Sheddases for EGFR-ligands are therefore key signaling switches in the EGFR pathway. Here, we determined which ADAMs (a disintegrin and metalloprotease) can shed various EGFR-ligands, and we analyzed the regulation of EGFR-ligand shedding by two commonly used stimuli, phorbol esters and calcium influx. Phorbol esters predominantly activate ADAM17, thereby triggering a burst of shedding of EGFR-ligands from a late secretory pathway compartment. Calcium influx stimulates ADAM10, requiring its cytoplasmic domain. However, calcium influx-stimulated shedding of transforming growth factor alpha and amphiregulin does not require ADAM17, even though ADAM17 is essential for phorbol ester-stimulated shedding of these EGFR-ligands. This study provides new insight into the machinery responsible for EGFR-ligand release and thus EGFR signaling and demonstrates that dysregulated EGFR-ligand shedding may be caused by increased expression of constitutively active sheddases or activation of different sheddases by distinct stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Horiuchi
- *Arthritis and Tissue Degeneration Program, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY 10021
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keio University, School of Medicine, Tokyo, 160-8582 Japan
| | - Sylvain Le Gall
- *Arthritis and Tissue Degeneration Program, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY 10021
| | - Marc Schulte
- Biochemical Institute, Christian-Albrechts University, D-24098 Kiel, Germany
| | - Takafumi Yamaguchi
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keio University, School of Medicine, Tokyo, 160-8582 Japan
| | - Karina Reiss
- Biochemical Institute, Christian-Albrechts University, D-24098 Kiel, Germany
| | - Gillian Murphy
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Cambridge CB2 2XY, United Kingdom
| | - Yoshiaki Toyama
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keio University, School of Medicine, Tokyo, 160-8582 Japan
| | - Dieter Hartmann
- Department for Human Genetics, K.U. Leuven and Flanders Interuniversity Institute for Biotechnology (VIB-4), 3000 Leuven, Belgium; and
| | - Paul Saftig
- Biochemical Institute, Christian-Albrechts University, D-24098 Kiel, Germany
| | - Carl P. Blobel
- *Arthritis and Tissue Degeneration Program, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY 10021
- Departments of Medicine and of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY 10021
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Amara A, Gall SL, Schwartz O, Salamero J, Montes M, Loetscher P, Baggiolini M, Virelizier JL, Arenzana-Seisdedos F. HIV coreceptor downregulation as antiviral principle: SDF-1alpha-dependent internalization of the chemokine receptor CXCR4 contributes to inhibition of HIV replication. J Exp Med 1997; 186:139-46. [PMID: 9207008 PMCID: PMC2198965 DOI: 10.1084/jem.186.1.139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 471] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Ligation of CCR5 by the CC chemokines RANTES, MIP-1alpha or MIP-1beta, and of CXCR4 by the CXC chemokine SDF-1alpha, profoundly inhibits the replication of HIV strains that use these coreceptors for entry into CD4(+) T lymphocytes. The mechanism of entry inhibition is not known. We found a rapid and extensive downregulation of CXCR4 by SDF-1alpha and of CCR5 by RANTES or the antagonist RANTES(9-68). Confocal laser scanning microscopy showed that CCR5 and CXCR4, after binding to their ligands, are internalized into vesicles that qualify as early endosomes as indicated by colocalization with transferrin receptors. Internalization was not affected by treatment with Bordetella pertussis toxin, showing that it is independent of signaling via Gi-proteins. Removal of SDF-1alpha led to rapid, but incomplete surface reexpression of CXCR4, a process that was not inhibited by cycloheximide, suggesting that the coreceptor is recycling from the internalization pool. Deletion of the COOH-terminal, cytoplasmic domain of CXCR4 did not affect HIV entry, but prevented SDF-1alpha-induced receptor downregulation and decreased the potency of SDF-1alpha as inhibitor of HIV replication. Our results indicate that the ability of the coreceptor to internalize is not required for HIV entry, but contributes to the HIV suppressive effect of CXC and CC chemokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Amara
- Unité d'Immunologie Virale, Institut Pasteur, 75724 Paris, Cedex 15, France
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Gall SL. Swim Fins-Adding Splash to the Laps. PHYSICIAN SPORTSMED 1990; 18:91-6. [PMID: 27427257 DOI: 10.1080/00913847.1990.11710177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
In the sport of swimming, floating doesn't count-swimmers have to work long and hard for the cardiovascular benefits. To make those workouts a little more enjoyable, swim fins are on the market, propelling swimmers through the water faster and adding a kick to the sport. But swimmers may not be getting all the benefits that they expect from these fins.
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Gall SL, Thompson K, Strovas J. Wrap-up. PHYSICIAN SPORTSMED 1990; 18:19-20. [PMID: 27427362 DOI: 10.1080/00913847.1990.11709966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Gall SL, Giel D. Sportsmedicine wrap-up. PHYSICIAN SPORTSMED 1989; 17:208-10. [PMID: 27447080 DOI: 10.1080/00913847.1989.11709771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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