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Zammit N, Amara A, Ghammam R, Ben Fredj S, Boujebha S, Maatouk A, Ouertani M, Ben Belgacem W, Maatoug J, Ghannem H. Monitoring tobacco use among a sample of Tunisian high school pupils. Eur J Public Health 2022; 32:ckac131.570. [PMCID: PMC9594803 DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckac131.570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Smoking is the leading cause of preventable death. This risk behavior usually begins during adolescence. However, only the third of the countries are monitoring this risk behavior among adolescents. Objective To assess the prevalence of tobacco use and to determine the predictors of its experimentation among high school students from Sousse (Tunisia) in 2018 and 2019. Methods In 2018 and 2019, two cross-sectional studies were led among 1399 and 1342 adolescents randomly selected from the same four high schools in Sousse. For data collection, the same pre-tested questionnaire was self-administered anonymously to the participants in the presence of pre-trained investigators. Results Girls represented 60.5% and 63.2% of participants in 2018 and 2019 respectively. The prevalence of tobacco experimentation was of 29.4% in 2018 and of 26.7% in 2019. Current cigarette smoking was objectified in 9.8% and 7.4% of participants in 2018 and 2019. Regardless of the year of the study, the main predictors of lifetime tobacco use among them were: current use of e-cigarette (adjusted OR of 6.4 [4.5-9.0]), cannabis experimentation (adjusted OR of 5.3 [2.7-10.7] and alcohol consumption (adjusted OR of 3.9 [2.5-6.3]). Conclusions Experimentation and current use of tobacco are common among the high school students of Sousse. The national smoking prevention program should be reinforced by multisectoral prevention actions targeting not only tobacco use but also the consumption of other substances. Key messages • Tobacco experimentation is high among the adolescents of Sousse. • Tobacco experimentation is strongly associated with other substances use among the adolescents of Sousse.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Zammit
- Epidemiology, University Hospital Farhat Hached, Sousse, Tunisia
- Faculty of Medicine of Sousse, University of Sousse, Sousse, Tunisia
- LR19SP03, University Hospital Farhat Hached, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - A Amara
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicne of Sousse, University of Sousse, Sousse, Tunisia
- LR12ES03, Faculty of Medicne of Sousse, University of Sousse, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - R Ghammam
- Epidemiology, University Hospital Farhat Hached, Sousse, Tunisia
- Faculty of Medicine of Sousse, University of Sousse, Sousse, Tunisia
- LR19SP03, University Hospital Farhat Hached, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - S Ben Fredj
- Epidemiology, University Hospital Farhat Hached, Sousse, Tunisia
- Faculty of Medicine of Sousse, University of Sousse, Sousse, Tunisia
- LR19SP03, University Hospital Farhat Hached, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - S Boujebha
- Epidemiology, University Hospital Farhat Hached, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - A Maatouk
- Epidemiology, University Hospital Farhat Hached, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - M Ouertani
- Epidemiology, University Hospital Farhat Hached, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - W Ben Belgacem
- Epidemiology, University Hospital Farhat Hached, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - J Maatoug
- Epidemiology, University Hospital Farhat Hached, Sousse, Tunisia
- Faculty of Medicine of Sousse, University of Sousse, Sousse, Tunisia
- LR19SP03, University Hospital Farhat Hached, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - H Ghannem
- Epidemiology, University Hospital Farhat Hached, Sousse, Tunisia
- Faculty of Medicine of Sousse, University of Sousse, Sousse, Tunisia
- LR19SP03, University Hospital Farhat Hached, Sousse, Tunisia
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Zammit N, Amara A, Ghammam R, Ben Fredj S, Maatouk A, Ouertani M, Ben Belgacem W, Boujebha S, Maatoug J, Ghannem H. Prospective prediction of substances use among a cohort of Tunisian adolescents. Eur J Public Health 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckac131.466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
The risk of substances use increases during adolescence. In Sousse (Tunisia), an upward trend of these risk behaviors has been observed during the last years among young adolescents. Among older adolescents, the trend of their use is unknown.
Objectives
To determine the incidences and the most influencing factors on substances use among high school students in Sousse between 2018 and 2019.
Methods
A prospective longitudinal study was conducted among a cohort of high school students from Sousse. The same pre-tested questionnaire served to collect data in 2018 and 2019 from the same participants in their classes and in the presence of pre-trained investigators.
Results
A total of 404 high school students have participated in the study. Their median age was of 17 (IIQ: 15.8-17.6) years. Girls represented 66.8% of participants. The incidence rates of lifetime tobacco use, alcohol consumption, lifetime inhalants use and lifetime illicit substances use between 2018 and 2019 were 13%, 3.5%, 1.8% and 2 .9% respectively. Lifetime tobacco use was the main predictor of inhalants experimentation. This latter was the main predictor of becoming a user of e-cigarettes while alcohol consumption was the most influencing factor on cannabis experimentation among high school students. On the other hand, illicit substances use among friends predicted e-cigarette use, alcohol consumption, and cannabis experimentation among participants.
Conclusions
The existing prevention programs aiming at reducing tobacco use and substances use in the schools of Tunisia should be reinforced and integrate a comprehensive and multi-sectoral prevention program. The implementation of a national observatory of substances use would ensure the continuous improvement of this program.
Key messages
• There is an upward trend on using substances among the adolescents of Sousse, Tunisia.
• Tobacco experimentation and alcohol consumption are the gateway to later substances experimentation among the adolescents of Sousse, Tunisia.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Zammit
- Epidemiology, University Hospital Farhat Hached , Sousse, Tunisia
- Faculty of Medicine of Sousse, University of Sousse , Sousse, Tunisia
- LR19SP03, University Hospital Farhat Hached , Sousse, Tunisia
| | - A Amara
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine of Sousse, University of Sousse , Sousse, Tunisia
- Faculty of Medicine of Sousse, University of Sousse LR12ES03, , Sousse, Tunisia
| | - R Ghammam
- Epidemiology, University Hospital Farhat Hached , Sousse, Tunisia
- Faculty of Medicine of Sousse, University of Sousse , Sousse, Tunisia
- LR19SP03, University Hospital Farhat Hached , Sousse, Tunisia
| | - S Ben Fredj
- Epidemiology, University Hospital Farhat Hached , Sousse, Tunisia
- Faculty of Medicine of Sousse, University of Sousse , Sousse, Tunisia
- LR19SP03, University Hospital Farhat Hached , Sousse, Tunisia
| | - A Maatouk
- Epidemiology, University Hospital Farhat Hached , Sousse, Tunisia
| | - M Ouertani
- Epidemiology, University Hospital Farhat Hached , Sousse, Tunisia
| | - W Ben Belgacem
- Epidemiology, University Hospital Farhat Hached , Sousse, Tunisia
| | - S Boujebha
- Epidemiology, University Hospital Farhat Hached , Sousse, Tunisia
| | - J Maatoug
- Epidemiology, University Hospital Farhat Hached , Sousse, Tunisia
- Faculty of Medicine of Sousse, University of Sousse , Sousse, Tunisia
- LR19SP03, University Hospital Farhat Hached , Sousse, Tunisia
| | - H Ghannem
- Epidemiology, University Hospital Farhat Hached , Sousse, Tunisia
- Faculty of Medicine of Sousse, University of Sousse , Sousse, Tunisia
- LR19SP03, University Hospital Farhat Hached , Sousse, Tunisia
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Amara A, Mtiraoui A, Nammouchi D, Sahli J, Mellouli M, Mtiraoui A, Zeddini C, El Ghardellou M. Bullying victimization among middle school students in el kef governorate (Tunisia). Eur J Public Health 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckac131.497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background and aim
Bullying is a complex and widespread public health issue that one can be exposed to at any age and at any field, but it is considered particularly frequent during times of transition in children’s and adolescents’ lives. This study aims to investigate the prevalence and various forms of bullying victimization and explore culture of bullying victimization among students.
Methods
A cross-sectional study was conducted during the Academic year 2018/2019 among middle school students in the governorate of El Kef, Tunisia. The sampling method adopted for this research was a cluster sampling technique. Data were collected using self-administered questionnaires. The Students’ involvement in bullying victimization was assessed using a validated Arabic version of the revised Olweus Bully/Victim Questionnaire.
Results
A total of 1111 middle school students were enrolled. The prevalence of bullying victimization behavior in this study was 45.8 % [95% CI: 45.5- 46]. Looking at the forms of bullying experienced by students: “Being called mean names” was the most prevalent form of being bullied with 26.9% (n = 299), followed by 16.9% reported “being kicked in some place”, 16.3% reported “being bullied through false rumors” and 14.3% experienced bullying through messages, calls or images by means of mobile phones or Internet and 8.1% of the students reported being bullied with sexual gestures or comments. Verbal bullying (29.5%) was the most common type of victimization, followed by physical victimization, relational victimization and cyber victimization with 22.5%, 22.2% and 14.3% respectively. More than half of the students (58.5%) were more likely to inform others about incidents of bullying in their schools, mainly their parents (36.6%) or a friend (32.6%).
Conclusions
Bullying is serious and major public health issue that have a negative impact on adolescents’ well-being, and require special attention at the family, school, and community level
Key messages
• High prevalence of bullying victimization with predominace of verbal type.
• Culture of bullying victimization and taking care of victims is still weak.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Amara
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine of Sousse , Sousse, Tunisia
- Research Laboratory , LR12ES03, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - A Mtiraoui
- Department of Psychiatry, Farhat Hached University Hospital , Sousse, Tunisia
| | - D Nammouchi
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine of Sousse , Sousse, Tunisia
| | - J Sahli
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine of Sousse , Sousse, Tunisia
- Research Laboratory , LR12ES03, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - M Mellouli
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine of Sousse , Sousse, Tunisia
- Research Laboratory , LR12ES03, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - A Mtiraoui
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine of Sousse , Sousse, Tunisia
- Research Laboratory , LR12ES03, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - C Zeddini
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine of Sousse , Sousse, Tunisia
- Research Laboratory , LR12ES03, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - M El Ghardellou
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine of Sousse , Sousse, Tunisia
- Research Laboratory , LR12ES03, Sousse, Tunisia
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Gras J, Nere M, Bonnet-Madin L, Salmona M, Peraldi M, Vérine J, Brochot E, Amara A, Molina J, Delaugerre C. Origine de la réactivation virale chez les patients transplantés rénaux avec une néphropathie à BK virus. Nephrol Ther 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nephro.2021.07.311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Gras J, Nere M, Bonnet-Madin L, Salmona M, Peraldi M, Verine J, Brochot E, Amara A, Molina J, Delaugerre C. Origine de la réactivation virale chez les patients transplantés rénaux avec une néphropathie à BK virus. Infect Dis Now 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idnow.2021.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Newsom RB, Amara A, Hicks A, Quint M, Pattison C, Bzdek BR, Burridge J, Krawczyk C, Dinsmore J, Conway J. Comparison of droplet spread in standard and laminar flow operating theatres: SPRAY study group. J Hosp Infect 2021; 110:194-200. [PMID: 33549768 PMCID: PMC7860961 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhin.2021.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Reducing COVID-19 transmission relies on controlling droplet and aerosol spread. Fluorescein staining reveals microscopic droplets. AIM To compare the droplet spread in non-laminar and laminar air flow operating theatres. METHODS A 'cough-generator' was fixed to a theatre trolley at 45°. Fluorescein-stained 'secretions' were projected on to a series of calibrated targets. These were photographed under UV light and 'source detection' software measured droplet splatter size and distance. FINDINGS The smallest droplet detected was ∼120 μm and the largest ∼24,000 μm. An average of 25,862 spots was detected in the non-laminar theatre, compared with 11,430 in the laminar theatre (56% reduction). The laminar air flow mainly affected the smaller droplets (<1000 μm). The surface area covered with droplets was: 6% at 50 cm, 1% at 2 m, and 0.5% at 3 m in the non-laminar air flow; and 3%, 0.5%, and 0.2% in the laminar air flow, respectively. CONCLUSION Accurate mapping of droplet spread in clinical environments is possible using fluorescein staining and image analysis. The laminar air flow affected the smaller droplets but had limited effect on larger droplets in our 'aerosol-generating procedure' cough model. Our results indicate that the laminar air flow theatre requires similar post-surgery cleaning to the non-laminar, and staff should consider full personal protective equipment for medium- and high-risk patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- R B Newsom
- School of Health and Care Professions, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, UK.
| | - A Amara
- Institute of Cosmology and Gravitation, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, UK
| | - A Hicks
- Respiratory Medicine, Portsmouth Hospitals University NHS Trust, UK
| | - M Quint
- Respiratory Physiotherapy, Portsmouth Hospitals University NHS Trust, UK
| | - C Pattison
- Institute of Cosmology and Gravitation, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, UK
| | - B R Bzdek
- NERC, School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, UK
| | - J Burridge
- School of Mathematics, University of Portsmouth, UK
| | - C Krawczyk
- Institute of Cosmology and Gravitation, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, UK
| | - J Dinsmore
- Anaesthesia, Portsmouth Hospitals University NHS Trust, UK
| | - J Conway
- Respiratory Sciences, Brunel University, London, UK
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Costanzi M, Saro A, Bocquet S, Abbott T, Aguena M, Allam S, Amara A, Annis J, Avila S, Bacon D, Benson B, Bhargava S, Brooks D, Buckley-Geer E, Burke D, Carnero Rosell A, Carrasco Kind M, Carretero J, Choi A, da Costa L, Pereira M, De Vicente J, Desai S, Diehl H, Dietrich J, Doel P, Eifler T, Everett S, Ferrero I, Ferté A, Flaugher B, Fosalba P, Frieman J, García-Bellido J, Gaztanaga E, Gerdes D, Giannantonio T, Giles P, Grandis S, Gruen D, Gruendl R, Gupta N, Gutierrez G, Hartley W, Hinton S, Hollowood D, Honscheid K, James D, Jeltema T, Krause E, Kuehn K, Kuropatkin N, Lahav O, Lima M, MacCrann N, Maia M, Marshall J, Menanteau F, Miquel R, Mohr J, Morgan R, Myles J, Ogando R, Palmese A, Paz-Chinchón F, Plazas A, Rapetti D, Reichardt C, Romer A, Roodman A, Ruppin F, Salvati L, Samuroff S, Sanchez E, Scarpine V, Serrano S, Sevilla-Noarbe I, Singh P, Smith M, Soares-Santos M, Stark A, Suchyta E, Swanson M, Tarle G, Thomas D, To C, Tucker D, Varga T, Wechsler R, Zhang Z. Cosmological constraints from DES Y1 cluster abundances and SPT multiwavelength data. Int J Clin Exp Med 2021. [DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.103.043522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Amara A, Ben Salah E, Guihot A, Fardeau C, Touitoue V, Saadoun D, Bodaghi B, Sève P, Trad S. [Observational study of QuantiFERON® management for ocular tuberculosis diagnosis: Analysis of 244 consecutive tests]. Rev Med Interne 2020; 42:162-169. [PMID: 33143863 DOI: 10.1016/j.revmed.2020.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Ocular tuberculosis (TB) diagnosisremains difficult and quantiferon (QFT) contribution needs still yet to be specified, despite its generalization in France. The purpose of this observational study is to assess in which ocular inflammation (OI) presentation QFT is prescribed and to evaluate the added value of new QuantiFERON®-TB Gold Plus (QFT-Plus) test for diagnosis ocular TB diagnosis. PATIENTS AND METHODS Monocentric, observational study, carried out in an ophthalmology department over a period of 5 months. Inclusion criteria were defined as an existence of an OI for which a QFT-Plus test was part of the etiological investigations. Of the 316 consecutive files, 72 were excluded (indeterminate test, prescription before anti-TNFα or immunosuppressant initiation, missing data, wrong indication) and 244 were selected and divided into two groups: group one (anterior uveitis/episcleritis, n=129) and group two (intermediate/posterior uveitis/optic neuritis/ocular myositis, n=115). All positive QFT patients underwent an etiological investigation including thoracic imaging. RESULTS Forty-five patients, aged 52±12 years, had positive QFT (18.5%), including 18 patients for group 1 and 27 for group 2. Living in TB-endemic area, TB exposure and chest imaging abnormalities were identified in 70%, 27% and 22% of cases, respectively. OI was chronic in 36% of cases (group one, 4/18; group two, 12/27). None of the 18 patients, in group 1, received anti-tuberculosis treatment (ATT) or experienced a relapse during one-year follow-up. Four QFT+ patients, from group 2 (15%) had another associated disease explaining their uveitis. Among the 23 other patients without identified etiology, 13 had at least one relevant ophthalmological signs predictive of TB uveitis (posterior synechiae, retinal vasculitis and/or choroidal granuloma) (59%). Eleven patients received a 6-month ATT trial. Radiological abnormalities and granulomas at angiography were significantly more frequent among treated patients (p=0.03 and 0.001, respectively). A full OI recovery was observed for 8 patients (73%), considered ex-post as ocular TB. Nine patients in group 2 received rifampicin/isoniazid dual therapy for 3 months, but no conclusion could be drawn as to the benefit of such prescription on OI. QFT rate comparison, according to CD4 stimulation by ESAT-6/CFP-10 peptides or by CD4/CD8 co-stimulation, was comparable and found only 4 cases of discrepancy (1.6%). None of these 4 cases had ocular TB diagnosis. CONCLUSION Positive QFT frequency among patients consulting for posterior OI remains high. In this study, radiological abnormalities and granulomas at angiography seemed to be more closely related to clinician decision for starting ATT trial in QFT+ patients, which was effective in 73% of cases. QFT-Plus does not seem more relevant than QFT-TB in exploring an OI. Prospective studies are necessary to codify QFT management in the etiological assessment of OI and clearly define ATT trial indications as well as their modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Amara
- Service d'ophtalmologie, centre constitutif de référence maladies rares, université Paris-Sorbonne, hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - E Ben Salah
- Département d'immunologie, hôpital Pitié Salpêtrière, AP-HP, Paris, France; UPMC UMRS CR7 - Inserm U1135, centre d'immunologie et des maladies infectieuses, Paris, France
| | - A Guihot
- Département d'immunologie, hôpital Pitié Salpêtrière, AP-HP, Paris, France; UPMC UMRS CR7 - Inserm U1135, centre d'immunologie et des maladies infectieuses, Paris, France
| | - C Fardeau
- Service d'ophtalmologie, centre constitutif de référence maladies rares, université Paris-Sorbonne, hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - V Touitoue
- Service d'ophtalmologie, centre constitutif de référence maladies rares, université Paris-Sorbonne, hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - D Saadoun
- Département de médecine interne et d'immunologie clinique, centre national de référence maladies autoimmunes systémiques rares, centre national de référence maladies autoinflammatoires et amylose, hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, AP-HP, 75013 Paris, France; UMR 7211, département d'inflammation-immunopathologie-biothérapie (DHU i2B), UPMC université Paris 06, université de la Sorbonne, 75005 Paris, France
| | - B Bodaghi
- Service d'ophtalmologie, centre constitutif de référence maladies rares, université Paris-Sorbonne, hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - P Sève
- Service de médecine interne, hôpital de la Croix-Rousse, 103, Grande Rue de la Croix-Rousse, 69317 Lyon cedex 04, France; Pôle IMER, hospices civils de Lyon, 69003 Lyon, France; HESPER EA 7425, université Claude Bernard, Lyon 1, 69008 Lyon, France
| | - S Trad
- Service de médecine interne, hôpital Ambroise-Paré, 92104 Boulogne-Billancourt, France; Université de Versailles-Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines, 9, avenue Charles-de-Gaulle, 92100 Boulogne-Billancourt, France.
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Amara A, Ghammem R, Sahli J, Alouani D, Dziri F, Maatoug J, Ajmi T. Addictions and mental health disorders among adolescents: a cross-sectional study; Tunisia 2020. Eur J Public Health 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckaa166.1068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction
Adolescence is a period of significant and rapid development, marked by the growing influence of peers, individual behavioral choices and increased risk taking, including addictive behaviors. Furthermore, association between these behaviors and mental health disorders such as anxiety, depression and low self-esteem, has been demonstrated in literature. In accordance with this need, we conducted this study to determine the prevalence of addictive behaviors and screen for mental disorders among adolescents.
Methods
We conducted a cross sectional study in Enfidha (a town in the Sousse governorate; Tunisia). The setting of the study was in high and middle schools. Data collection was done during January and February 2020. A structured self-administered questionnaire was used in this aim. It included socio-demographic characteristics, screening for mental health problems and addictive behaviors (self-esteem, depression, anxiety, facebook addiction and video game addiction). The scales are self-report validated instruments.
Results
We included 1195 participants with a median age of 14 years (IQR 13-16). Females represented 54.2 % of the sample. Concerning depression and anxiety, it was reported among 71.3%, 62.4% of participants, respectively. We noted that self-esteem was low among 49.5% of respondents. The pooled prevalence of internet gaming disorder and Facebook addiction was 37.4% and 32.3%, respectively. Our finding yield that girls were more prone to be Facebook addict. Meanwhile, internet gaming disorder was more common among boys. Regarding tobacco and alcohol use, it was reported among 16.7% and 3.2% of students, respectively. Our results pointed out that illicit substances' experimentation was disclosed among 2.1% of our sample.
Conclusions
Our study is one of rare and recent research in our country interesting the striking issue of addiction and mental health disorders among adolescents.
Key messages
Tobacco and alcohol use was reported among 16.7% and 3.2% of students. Illicit substances’ experimentation was disclosed among 2.1% of our sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Amara
- University of Sousse, Faculty of Medicine of Sousse, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - R Ghammem
- University Hospital Farhat Hached, Epidemiology Department, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - J Sahli
- University of Sousse, Faculty of Medicine of Sousse, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - D Alouani
- University of Sousse, Faculty of Medicine of Sousse, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - F Dziri
- University of Sousse, Faculty of Medicine of Sousse, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - J Maatoug
- University Hospital Farhat Hached, Epidemiology Department, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - T Ajmi
- University of Sousse, Faculty of Medicine of Sousse, Sousse, Tunisia
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Kacprzak T, Herbel J, Nicola A, Sgier R, Tarsitano F, Bruderer C, Amara A, Refregier A, Bridle S, Drlica-Wagner A, Gruen D, Hartley W, Hoyle B, Secco L, Zuntz J, Annis J, Avila S, Bertin E, Brooks D, Buckley-Geer E, Carnero Rosell A, Carrasco Kind M, Carretero J, da Costa L, De Vicente J, Desai S, Diehl H, Doel P, García-Bellido J, Gaztanaga E, Gruendl R, Gschwend J, Gutierrez G, Hollowood D, Honscheid K, James D, Jarvis M, Lima M, Maia M, Marshall J, Melchior P, Menanteau F, Miquel R, Paz-Chinchón F, Plazas A, Sanchez E, Scarpine V, Serrano S, Sevilla-Noarbe I, Smith M, Suchyta E, Swanson M, Tarle G, Vikram V, Weller J. Monte Carlo control loops for cosmic shear cosmology with DES Year 1 data. Int J Clin Exp Med 2020. [DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.101.082003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Cederberg KL, Birchall E, Belotserkovkaya N, Memon R, Motl R, Amara A. Does restless legs syndrome impact cognitive function via sleep quality in adults with Parkinson's disease? Int J Neurosci 2020; 130:322-329. [PMID: 31625438 PMCID: PMC7101254 DOI: 10.1080/00207454.2019.1681423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Revised: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Purpose: Restless legs syndrome (RLS) is a sleep disorder that results in sleep dysfunction. Sleep disruption can have profound negative consequences in adults with Parkinson's disease (PD), potentially including cognitive dysfunction. This study examined the relationships among RLS, cognition, and sleep quality in persons with PD.Materials and methods: Participants (N = 79) with idiopathic PD completed six questionnaires evaluating RLS, sleep quality, daytime sleepiness, global cognitive function, sleep apnea risk, and depression. Participants were further examined for body mass index composition and motor symptom severity (MDS-UPDRS Part III).Results: Persons with RLS (n = 25) had significantly worse cognitive function (p = 0.035, d = -0.56) and sleep quality (p < 0.0001, d = -1.19), and more daytime sleepiness (p = 0.009, d = 0.67) than those without RLS (n = 54). Cognitive function was not significantly correlated with sleep quality (rs = 0.113) or daytime sleepiness (rs = -0.001). The association between RLS and cognition was not attenuated by controlling for sleep quality or daytime sleepiness.Conclusions: This study is unique as it is the first to consider the possibility that RLS in PD may be associated with cognitive deficits through a pathway involving sleep quality. Persons with RLS and PD have greater deficits in both sleep quality and cognitive function than individuals without RLS; however, cognitive dysfunction among those with PD and RLS in this sample is not accounted for by sleep quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie L. Cederberg
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1720 2 Avenue South, Birmingham, Alabama USA 35294-0017
| | - E.L. Birchall
- Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1720 2 Avenue S. Birmingham, Alabama USA 35294-0017
| | - N. Belotserkovkaya
- Department of Neurology, University of Cincinnati, 260 Stetson Street, Suite 2300, Cincinnati, Ohio USA 45219
| | - R.A. Memon
- Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1720 2 Avenue S. Birmingham, Alabama USA 35294-0017
| | - R.W. Motl
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1720 2 Avenue South, Birmingham, Alabama USA 35294-0017
| | - A. Amara
- Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1720 2 Avenue S. Birmingham, Alabama USA 35294-0017
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Dardouri M, Mallouli M, Amara A, Sahli J, Limem M, El Ghardallou M, Zedini C, Bouguila J, Ajmi T, Mtiraoui A. Estimation of direct cost related to asthma among school-age children with asthma. Eur J Public Health 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckz185.609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Childhood asthma still imposes a substantial burden on the health care system and community. Its management requires a significant direct cost. Several factors can influence the cost of asthma management, particularly severe asthma. There is scant information about the predictors of asthma-related cost. Thus, the purpose of this study was to estimate direct asthma-related cost among children with chronic asthma and to identify factors that have the greatest contribution to change it.
Methods
This cross-sectional study was carried out in Farhat Hached University Hospital in Sousse (Tunisia, Africa) over a period of three months (April-June 2018) among children with asthma aged 7-17 years. The direct cost was defined as the costs of health resources utilization and medication related to asthma in the past 12 months. Purchasing power parity technique was used to convert TND to USD. Multiple linear regression was performed to examine the association between dependent and independent variables.
Results
A total of 90 subjects participated in the study. The mean age was 9.81±2.56 and 55.6% were male. The annual mean of the total direct cost was USD 616.71±454. Multivariate analysis showed that the severity of asthma, inhalation technique and emotional domain of QOL predict asthma cost and that the latter was the best predictor (p = 0.005, p = 0.03, p = 0.004, respectively). This data indicates that for one child with mild asthma, correct inhaler technique, and moderate impairment of emotional function QOL domain, estimated asthma direct cost was equal to 1035.21 USD per 12 months.
Conclusions
This study showed that higher severity of asthma, incorrect inhaler technique and a lower score of emotional function increased direct cost related to asthma. These results are useful for health care providers and community since they provide information about the impact of modifiable risk factors on direct asthma cost.
Key messages
For one child with mild asthma, correct inhaler technique, and moderate impairment of emotional function QOL domain, estimated asthma direct cost was equal to 1035.21 USD per 12 months. Higher severity of asthma, incorrect inhaler technique and a lower score of emotional function increased direct cost related to asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Dardouri
- Qualité des Soins et Management des Services de Santé Matern, Université de Sousse, Faculté de Médecine de Sousse, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - M Mallouli
- Qualité des Soins et Management des Services de Santé Matern, Université de Sousse, Faculté de Médecine de Sousse, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - A Amara
- Qualité des Soins et Management des Services de Santé Matern, Université de Sousse, Faculté de Médecine de Sousse, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - J Sahli
- Qualité des Soins et Management des Services de Santé Matern, Université de Sousse, Faculté de Médecine de Sousse, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - M Limem
- Qualité des Soins et Management des Services de Santé Matern, Université de Sousse, Faculté de Médecine de Sousse, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - M El Ghardallou
- Qualité des Soins et Management des Services de Santé Matern, Université de Sousse, Faculté de Médecine de Sousse, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - C Zedini
- Qualité des Soins et Management des Services de Santé Matern, Université de Sousse, Faculté de Médecine de Sousse, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - J Bouguila
- Service de Pédiatrie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Farhat Hached de Sousse, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - T Ajmi
- Qualité des Soins et Management des Services de Santé Matern, Université de Sousse, Faculté de Médecine de Sousse, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - A Mtiraoui
- Qualité des Soins et Management des Services de Santé Matern, Université de Sousse, Faculté de Médecine de Sousse, Sousse, Tunisia
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Amara A, Ben Salah E, Guihot A, Fardeau C, Touitou V, Saadoun D, Hanslik T, Bodaghi B, Trad S. Apport du QuantiFERON®-TB Gold-Plus dans le diagnostic de tuberculose oculaire : analyse de 244 tests consécutifs dans un centre de référence de l’uvéite. Rev Med Interne 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.revmed.2019.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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14
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Chellouai Z, Amara A, Louazani AC, Moussaoui R, Abed A, Abbou O, Nachi M. Creatinine determination in peritoneal dialysis by high performance liquid chromatography: Interference study of glucose. Clin Chim Acta 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2019.03.996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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15
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Gini J, Amara A, Penchala SD, Back DJ, Else L, Egan D, Chiong J, Harri BI, Kabilis ED, Pama PP, Stephen M, Khoo SH. Widespread use of herbal medicines by people living with human immunodeficiency virus and contamination of herbal medicines with antiretrovirals in Nigeria. Int J STD AIDS 2018; 30:371-377. [PMID: 30501368 DOI: 10.1177/0956462418809749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Herbal medication use amongst people living with human immunodeficiency virus (PLWH) is widespread and understudied. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of herbal medicine use amongst PLWH and possible contamination with antiretrovirals (ARVs). Countrywide collection of herbal samples sold by street vendors in Nigeria for the following indications: human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), acquired immune deficiency syndrome, fever and general weakness. Samples were screened using a validated liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry method for the presence of the following ARVs: efavirenz, nevirapine, lopinavir, darunavir, ritonavir, atazanavir, emtricitabine, tenofovir and lamivudine. A survey was conducted among 742 PLWH attending four HIV clinics in Nigeria. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire and analysed using IBM SPSS statistics version 22.0 (IBM Corp., 2013, Armond, NY). Of the 138 herbal medicines sampled, three (2%) contained detectable levels of tenofovir, emtricitabine and/or lamivudine. Additionally, of the 742 PLWH surveyed, 310 (41.8%) reported herbal medicine use. Among the users, 191 (61.6%) started taking herbals after commencing HIV therapy while herbal medicine use preceded ARVs treatment in 119 (38.4%) PLWH. We found herbal use to be widespread among PLWH in Nigeria, with increasing use after commencing ARV. Three herbal preparations were also found to contain detectable levels of ARVs. This is a concern and should be studied widely across the region and countries where herbal medicine use is prevalent and poorly regulated.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Gini
- 1 Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - A Amara
- 1 Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Sujan D Penchala
- 1 Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - David J Back
- 1 Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - L Else
- 1 Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - D Egan
- 1 Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - J Chiong
- 1 Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Bala I Harri
- 2 Dalhatu Araf Specialist Hospital, Lafia, North-central Nigeria
| | | | - Paul P Pama
- 4 Federal Medical Centre, Katsina, North-west Nigeria
| | - M Stephen
- 5 Faith Alive Foundation Hospital and PMTCT Centre, Jos, Nigeria
| | - Saye H Khoo
- 1 Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
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Amara A, Mellouli M, Sahli J, Limem M, Raouen S, Mtiraoui A, Ajmi T, Zedini C. Workplace violence towards workers in the emergency department in secondary healthcare center in Tunisia: Aggressor and aggrieved specificities and gender consideration. Rev Epidemiol Sante Publique 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.respe.2018.05.455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
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17
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Ahmed G, Atig A, Amara A, Ghriss N, Bouker A, Mahjoub M, Bahri F, Ghannouchi N. Évolution des caractéristiques épidémiologiques et cliniques de la maladie de Behçet en Tunisie. Rev Med Interne 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.revmed.2017.10.157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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18
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Chahine LM, Xie SX, Simuni T, Tran B, Postuma R, Amara A, Oertel WH, Iranzo A, Scordia C, Fullard M, Linder C, Purri R, Darin A, Rennert L, Videnovic A, Del Riva P, Weintraub D. Longitudinal changes in cognition in early Parkinson's disease patients with REM sleep behavior disorder. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2016; 27:102-6. [PMID: 27010070 PMCID: PMC5031362 DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2016.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2015] [Revised: 02/13/2016] [Accepted: 03/10/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cognitive decline is common in Parkinson's disease (PD), and identifying patients at highest risk for it is essential. We aimed to examine the effect of possible REM sleep behavior disorder (pRBD) on rate of cognitive decline in early PD, for both global cognition and in specific cognitive domains. METHODS Parkinson's Progression Markers Initiative (PPMI) is a multi-site, international study of PD patients untreated at enrollment. pRBD was assessed with the REM sleep behavior disorder questionnaire (RBDSQ). Global cognition was assessed at baseline and annually using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) and a cognitive battery. Linear mixed effects models were used to examine the relationship between pRBD (RBDSQ≥6) and rate of change in cognitive variables. Age, sex, years of education, and baseline motor and cognitive scores were included as covariates. RESULTS The baseline sample consisted of 423 individuals with PD, mean age 61.7 years and 65.5% male. Data was available on 389, 366, and 196 participants at 1-year, 2-year, and 3-year follow-up respectively. Possible RBD occurred in 108 (25.5%) at baseline. In multivariate analyses, baseline RBD was associated with greater annual rate of decline in MoCA score (β = -0.34, 95%CI -0.54, -0.13, p < 0.001), Symbol Digit Modalities Test (β = -0.69, 95%CI -1.3, -0.09, p = 0.024), and Hopkins Verbal Learning Test-Revised, delayed free recall (β = -0.21, 95%CI -0.41, -0.013, p = 0.037). CONCLUSIONS Possible RBD is common in early PD and predicts future cognitive decline, particularly in attention and memory domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- L M Chahine
- The University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - S X Xie
- The University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - T Simuni
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - B Tran
- The University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - R Postuma
- McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - A Amara
- University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - W H Oertel
- Department of Neurology, Philipps University Marburg, Germany; Charitable Hertie Foundation, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - A Iranzo
- Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBERNED, Barcelona, Spain
| | - C Scordia
- The University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - M Fullard
- The University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - C Linder
- The University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - R Purri
- The University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - A Darin
- The University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - L Rennert
- The University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - A Videnovic
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - P Del Riva
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Donostia, San Sebastián, Spain
| | - D Weintraub
- The University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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19
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Chang C, Vikram V, Jain B, Bacon D, Amara A, Becker MR, Bernstein G, Bonnett C, Bridle S, Brout D, Busha M, Frieman J, Gaztanaga E, Hartley W, Jarvis M, Kacprzak T, Kovács A, Lahav O, Lin H, Melchior P, Peiris H, Rozo E, Rykoff E, Sánchez C, Sheldon E, Troxel MA, Wechsler R, Zuntz J, Abbott T, Abdalla FB, Allam S, Annis J, Bauer AH, Benoit-Lévy A, Brooks D, Buckley-Geer E, Burke DL, Capozzi D, Carnero Rosell A, Carrasco Kind M, Castander FJ, Crocce M, D'Andrea CB, Desai S, Diehl HT, Dietrich JP, Doel P, Eifler TF, Evrard AE, Fausti Neto A, Flaugher B, Fosalba P, Gruen D, Gruendl RA, Gutierrez G, Honscheid K, James D, Kent S, Kuehn K, Kuropatkin N, Maia MAG, March M, Martini P, Merritt KW, Miller CJ, Miquel R, Neilsen E, Nichol RC, Ogando R, Plazas AA, Romer AK, Roodman A, Sako M, Sanchez E, Sevilla I, Smith RC, Soares-Santos M, Sobreira F, Suchyta E, Tarle G, Thaler J, Thomas D, Tucker D, Walker AR. Wide-Field Lensing Mass Maps from Dark Energy Survey Science Verification Data. Phys Rev Lett 2015; 115:051301. [PMID: 26274409 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.115.051301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We present a mass map reconstructed from weak gravitational lensing shear measurements over 139 deg2 from the Dark Energy Survey science verification data. The mass map probes both luminous and dark matter, thus providing a tool for studying cosmology. We find good agreement between the mass map and the distribution of massive galaxy clusters identified using a red-sequence cluster finder. Potential candidates for superclusters and voids are identified using these maps. We measure the cross-correlation between the mass map and a magnitude-limited foreground galaxy sample and find a detection at the 6.8σ level with 20 arc min smoothing. These measurements are consistent with simulated galaxy catalogs based on N-body simulations from a cold dark matter model with a cosmological constant. This suggests low systematics uncertainties in the map. We summarize our key findings in this Letter; the detailed methodology and tests for systematics are presented in a companion paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Chang
- Department of Physics, ETH Zurich, Wolfgang-Pauli-Strasse 16, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - V Vikram
- Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - B Jain
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - D Bacon
- Institute of Cosmology and Gravitation, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth PO1 3FX, United Kingdom
| | - A Amara
- Department of Physics, ETH Zurich, Wolfgang-Pauli-Strasse 16, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - M R Becker
- Department of Physics, Stanford University, 382 Via Pueblo Mall, Stanford, California 94305, USA
- Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Stanford University, P. O. Box 2450, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - G Bernstein
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - C Bonnett
- Institut de Física d'Altes Energies, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, E-08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - S Bridle
- Jodrell Bank Center for Astrophysics, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - D Brout
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - M Busha
- Department of Physics, Stanford University, 382 Via Pueblo Mall, Stanford, California 94305, USA
- Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Stanford University, P. O. Box 2450, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - J Frieman
- Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, P. O. Box 500, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - E Gaztanaga
- Institut de Ciències de l'Espai, IEEC-CSIC, Campus UAB, Facultat de Ciències, Torre C5 par-2, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - W Hartley
- Department of Physics, ETH Zurich, Wolfgang-Pauli-Strasse 16, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - M Jarvis
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - T Kacprzak
- Department of Physics, ETH Zurich, Wolfgang-Pauli-Strasse 16, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - A Kovács
- Institut de Física d'Altes Energies, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, E-08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - O Lahav
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - H Lin
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, P. O. Box 500, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - P Melchior
- Center for Cosmology and Astro-Particle Physics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
- Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - H Peiris
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - E Rozo
- Department of Physics, University of Arizona, 1118 East Fourth Street, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA
| | - E Rykoff
- Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Stanford University, P. O. Box 2450, Stanford, California 94305, USA
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - C Sánchez
- Institut de Física d'Altes Energies, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, E-08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - E Sheldon
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Building 510, Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - M A Troxel
- Jodrell Bank Center for Astrophysics, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - R Wechsler
- Department of Physics, Stanford University, 382 Via Pueblo Mall, Stanford, California 94305, USA
- Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Stanford University, P. O. Box 2450, Stanford, California 94305, USA
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - J Zuntz
- Jodrell Bank Center for Astrophysics, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - T Abbott
- Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory, National Optical Astronomy Observatory, Casilla 603, La Serena, Chile
| | - F B Abdalla
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - S Allam
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, P. O. Box 500, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - J Annis
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, P. O. Box 500, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - A H Bauer
- Institut de Ciències de l'Espai, IEEC-CSIC, Campus UAB, Facultat de Ciències, Torre C5 par-2, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - A Benoit-Lévy
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - D Brooks
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - E Buckley-Geer
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, P. O. Box 500, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - D L Burke
- Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Stanford University, P. O. Box 2450, Stanford, California 94305, USA
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - D Capozzi
- Institute of Cosmology and Gravitation, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth PO1 3FX, United Kingdom
| | - A Carnero Rosell
- Laboratório Interinstitucional de e-Astronomia-LIneA, Rua General Jos´e Cristino 77, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 20921-400, Brazil
- Observatório Nacional, Rua General Jos´e Cristino 77, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 20921-400, Brazil
| | - M Carrasco Kind
- Department of Physics, University of Illinois, 1110 West Green Street, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
- National Center for Supercomputing Applications, 1205 West Clark Street, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - F J Castander
- Institut de Ciències de l'Espai, IEEC-CSIC, Campus UAB, Facultat de Ciències, Torre C5 par-2, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Crocce
- Institut de Ciències de l'Espai, IEEC-CSIC, Campus UAB, Facultat de Ciències, Torre C5 par-2, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - C B D'Andrea
- Institute of Cosmology and Gravitation, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth PO1 3FX, United Kingdom
| | - S Desai
- Department of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitaet, Scheinerstrasse 1, 81679 Munich, Germany
| | - H T Diehl
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, P. O. Box 500, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - J P Dietrich
- Department of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitaet, Scheinerstrasse 1, 81679 Munich, Germany
- Excellence Cluster Universe, Boltzmannstrasse 2, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - P Doel
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - T F Eifler
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, California 91109, USA
| | - A E Evrard
- Department of Physics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - A Fausti Neto
- Laboratório Interinstitucional de e-Astronomia-LIneA, Rua General Jos´e Cristino 77, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 20921-400, Brazil
| | - B Flaugher
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, P. O. Box 500, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - P Fosalba
- Institut de Ciències de l'Espai, IEEC-CSIC, Campus UAB, Facultat de Ciències, Torre C5 par-2, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - D Gruen
- Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics, Giessenbachstrasse, 85748 Garching, Germany
- University Observatory Munich, Scheinerstrasse 1, 81679 Munich, Germany
| | - R A Gruendl
- Department of Physics, University of Illinois, 1110 West Green Street, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
- National Center for Supercomputing Applications, 1205 West Clark Street, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - G Gutierrez
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, P. O. Box 500, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - K Honscheid
- Department of Physics, University of Illinois, 1110 West Green Street, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
- National Center for Supercomputing Applications, 1205 West Clark Street, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - D James
- Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory, National Optical Astronomy Observatory, Casilla 603, La Serena, Chile
| | - S Kent
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, P. O. Box 500, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - K Kuehn
- Australian Astronomical Observatory, North Ryde, New South Wales 2113, Australia
| | - N Kuropatkin
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, P. O. Box 500, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - M A G Maia
- Laboratório Interinstitucional de e-Astronomia-LIneA, Rua General Jos´e Cristino 77, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 20921-400, Brazil
- Observatório Nacional, Rua General Jos´e Cristino 77, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 20921-400, Brazil
| | - M March
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - P Martini
- Center for Cosmology and Astro-Particle Physics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
- Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - K W Merritt
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, P. O. Box 500, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - C J Miller
- Department of Physics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
- Department of Astronomy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - R Miquel
- Institut de Física d'Altes Energies, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, E-08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, E-08010 Barcelona, Spain
| | - E Neilsen
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, P. O. Box 500, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - R C Nichol
- Institute of Cosmology and Gravitation, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth PO1 3FX, United Kingdom
| | - R Ogando
- Laboratório Interinstitucional de e-Astronomia-LIneA, Rua General Jos´e Cristino 77, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 20921-400, Brazil
- Observatório Nacional, Rua General Jos´e Cristino 77, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 20921-400, Brazil
| | - A A Plazas
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Building 510, Upton, New York 11973, USA
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, California 91109, USA
| | - A K Romer
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Pevensey Building, University of Sussex, Brighton BN1 9QH, United Kingdom
| | - A Roodman
- Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Stanford University, P. O. Box 2450, Stanford, California 94305, USA
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - M Sako
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - E Sanchez
- Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), Madrid 28040, Spain
| | - I Sevilla
- Department of Physics, University of Illinois, 1110 West Green Street, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
- Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), Madrid 28040, Spain
| | - R C Smith
- Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory, National Optical Astronomy Observatory, Casilla 603, La Serena, Chile
| | - M Soares-Santos
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, P. O. Box 500, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - F Sobreira
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, P. O. Box 500, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
- Laboratório Interinstitucional de e-Astronomia-LIneA, Rua General Jos´e Cristino 77, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 20921-400, Brazil
| | - E Suchyta
- Center for Cosmology and Astro-Particle Physics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
- Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - G Tarle
- Department of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitaet, Scheinerstrasse 1, 81679 Munich, Germany
| | - J Thaler
- Department of Physics, University of Illinois, 1110 West Green Street, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - D Thomas
- Institute of Cosmology and Gravitation, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth PO1 3FX, United Kingdom
- SEPnet, South East Physics Network, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
| | - D Tucker
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, P. O. Box 500, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - A R Walker
- Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory, National Optical Astronomy Observatory, Casilla 603, La Serena, Chile
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Kerkeni E, Boubaker S, Sfar S, Bizid M, Besbes H, Bouaziz S, Ghedira N, Amara A, Manoubi W, Gribaa M, Monastiri K. Molecular characterization of piebaldism in a Tunisian family. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 63:113-6. [PMID: 25910686 DOI: 10.1016/j.patbio.2015.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2014] [Accepted: 03/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The present study is aimed at performing the molecular characterization of a Tunisian family with piebaldism. METHODS As the proband and her mother showed a severe phenotype, we first chose to screen exons 10, 11, 12, 13, 16, 17 and 18 of the KIT proto-oncogene by direct sequencing. RESULTS Direct sequencing analysis showed a C to T substitution at 1939 in exon 13 (c.1939C>T) in heterozygous state in the patient and her mother. The mutation was not found in their unaffected family members or normal controls. CONCLUSION Our results provide additional support that mutations in the tyrosine kinase domain of the KIT gene are responsible for the severe form of piebaldism.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Kerkeni
- Research Unit 01/UR/08-14, Faculty of Medicine of Monastir, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia.
| | - S Boubaker
- Research Unit 01/UR/08-14, Faculty of Medicine of Monastir, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - S Sfar
- Research Unit 01/UR/08-14, Faculty of Medicine of Monastir, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - M Bizid
- Research Unit 01/UR/08-14, Faculty of Medicine of Monastir, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia; Department of Intensive care and Neonatal Medicine, CHU Fattouma Bourguiba, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - H Besbes
- Research Unit 01/UR/08-14, Faculty of Medicine of Monastir, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia; Department of Intensive care and Neonatal Medicine, CHU Fattouma Bourguiba, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - S Bouaziz
- Research Unit 01/UR/08-14, Faculty of Medicine of Monastir, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - N Ghedira
- Research Unit 01/UR/08-14, Faculty of Medicine of Monastir, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - A Amara
- Laboratory of Human Cytogenetics, Molecular Genetics and Reproductive Biology, Farhat Hached University Hospital, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - W Manoubi
- Laboratory of Human Cytogenetics, Molecular Genetics and Reproductive Biology, Farhat Hached University Hospital, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - M Gribaa
- Laboratory of Human Cytogenetics, Molecular Genetics and Reproductive Biology, Farhat Hached University Hospital, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - K Monastiri
- Research Unit 01/UR/08-14, Faculty of Medicine of Monastir, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia; Department of Intensive care and Neonatal Medicine, CHU Fattouma Bourguiba, Monastir, Tunisia
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21
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Chang C, Busha MT, Wechsler RH, Refregier A, Amara A, Rykoff E, Becker MR, Bruderer C, Gamper L, Leistedt B, Peiris H, Abbott T, Abdalla FB, Balbinot E, Banerji M, Bernstein RA, Bertin E, Brooks D, Carnero A, Desai S, da Costa LN, Cunha CE, Eifler T, Evrard AE, Fausti Neto A, Gerdes D, Gruen D, James D, Kuehn K, Maia MAG, Makler M, Ogando R, Plazas A, Sanchez E, Santiago B, Schubnell M, Sevilla-Noarbe I, Smith C, Soares-Santos M, Suchyta E, Swanson MEC, Tarle G, Zuntz J. MODELING THE TRANSFER FUNCTION FOR THE DARK ENERGY SURVEY. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1088/0004-637x/801/2/73] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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22
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Olagunju A, Bolaji O, Amara A, Else L, Okafor O, Adejuyigbe E, Oyigboja J, Back D, Khoo S, Owen A. Pharmacogenetics of pregnancy-induced changes in efavirenz pharmacokinetics. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2015; 97:298-306. [PMID: 25669165 DOI: 10.1002/cpt.43] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2014] [Revised: 11/21/2014] [Accepted: 11/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Pregnancy-induced physiological changes alter many drugs' pharmacokinetics. We investigated pregnancy-induced changes in efavirenz pharmacokinetics in 25 pregnant and 19 different postpartum women stratified from 211 HIV-positive women in whom a preliminary pharmacogenetic study had been undertaken. Despite significant changes in CL/F during pregnancy (42.6% increase; P = 0.023), median (range) Cmin was 1,000 ng/mL (429-5,190) with no significant change in Cmax (P = 0.072). However, when stratified for CYP2B6 516G>T (rs3745274) genotype, efavirenz AUC0-24 , Cmax and Cmin were 50.6% (P = 0.0013), 17.2% (P = 0.14), and 61.6% (P = 0.0027) lower during pregnancy (n = 8) compared with postpartum (n = 6) in 516G homozygotes, with values of 25,900 ng.h/mL (21,700-32,600), 2,640 ng/mL (1,260-3,490), and 592 ng/mL (429-917), respectively, and CL/F was 100% higher (P = 0.0013). No changes were apparent in CYP2B6 516 heterozygotes (14 pregnant vs. 7 postpartum). The clinical implications of these findings warrant further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Olagunju
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK; Faculty of Pharmacy, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
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23
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Sharaf M, Amara A, Aboul-Enein A, Helmi S, Ballot A, Schnitzler P. Antiherpetic efficacy of aqueous extracts of the cyanobacterium Arthrospira fusiformis from Chad. Pharmazie 2013; 68:376-380. [PMID: 23802437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Natural substances offer interesting pharmacological perspectives for antiviral drug development with regard to broad spectrum antiviral properties and novel modes of action. Drugs currently used to treat cutaneous or genital herpetic infections are effective in limiting disease, but the emergence of drug-resistant viruses in immunocompromised individuals can be problematic. A nontoxic cyanobacterium Arthrospira strain from Chad has been characterized by sequence analysis of the intergenic spacer region of the phycocyanin gene. This cyanobacterium was identified as Arthrospira fusiformis by phylogenetic tree analysis. The antiherpetic activity of crude aqueous extracts from the Chad A. fusiformis isolate was determined. Antiviral efficacy against herpes simplex virus of cold water extract, hot water extract and phosphate buffer extract was assessed in plaque reduction assays and their mode of antiherpetic action was analysed. In virus suspension assays, cold water extract, hot water extract and phosphate buffer extract inhibited virus infectivity by 54.9%, 64.6%, and 99.8%, respectively, in a dose-dependent manner. The mode of antiviral action was determined by addition of cyanobacterial extracts separately at different time periods during the viral infection cycle. Extracts of A. fusiformis strain clearly inhibited herpesvirus multiplication before and during virus infection of host cells. The phosphate buffer extract of the A. fusiformis strain affected free herpes simplex virus prior to infection of host cells and inhibited intracellular viral replication. It is concluded, that Arthrospira compounds warrant further investigation to examine their potential role in the treatment of herpetic infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Sharaf
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Virology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
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24
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Mamaï O, Boussofara L, Adala L, Amara A, Ben Charfeddine I, Ghariani N, Sriha B, Denguezli M, Mili A, Belazreg T, Saad A, Gribaa M. Corrigendum to “Reduction of palmoplantar keratoderma Buschke–Fischer–Brauer locus to only 0.967 Mb” [J. Dermatol. Sci. 67(September (3)) (2012) 210–212]. J Dermatol Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2012.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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25
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Mamaï O, Boussofara L, Adala L, Amara A, Ben Charfeddine I, Ghariani N, Sriha B, Denguezli M, Mili A, Belazreg T, Saad A, Fischer J, Gribaa M. Reduction of palmoplantar keratoderma Buschke-Fischer-Brauer locus to only 0.967 Mb. J Dermatol Sci 2012; 67:210-2. [PMID: 22789686 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2012.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2012] [Revised: 05/26/2012] [Accepted: 06/25/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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26
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Mili A, Ben Charfeddine I, Amara A, Mamaï O, Adala L, Ben Lazreg T, Bouguila J, Saad A, Limem K, Gribaa M. A c.3216_3217delGA mutation in AGL gene in Tunisian patients with a glycogen storage disease type III: evidence of a founder effect. Clin Genet 2011; 82:534-9. [PMID: 22035446 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-0004.2011.01806.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Glycogen storage disease type III (GSD III) is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by excessive accumulation of abnormal glycogen in the liver and muscles and caused by deficiency in the glycogen debranching enzyme, the amylo-1,6-glucosidase (AGL). In this study, we report the clinical, biochemical and genotyping features of five unrelated GSD III patients coming from the same region in Tunisia. The concentration of erythrocyte glycogen and AGL activity were measured by colorimetric and fluorimetric methods, respectively. Four CA/TG microsatellite markers flanking the AGL gene in chromosome 1 were amplified with fluoresceinated primers. The full coding exons and their relevant exon-intron boundaries of the AGL gene were directly sequenced for the patients and their parents. All patients showed a striking increase of erythrocytes glycogen content. No AGL activity was detected in peripheral leukocytes. Sequencing of the AGL gene identified a c.3216_3217delGA (p.Glu1072AspfsX36) mutation in the five patients which leads to a premature termination, abolishing the AGL activity. Haplotype analysis showed that the mutation was associated with a common homozygote haplotype. Our results suggested the existence of a founder effect responsible for GSD III in this region of Tunisia.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Mili
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sousse, Sousse, Tunisia.
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27
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Alanio A, Beretti J, Dauphin B, Mellado E, Quesne G, Lacroix C, Amara A, Berche P, Nassif X, Bougnoux M. Matrix‐assisted laser desorption ionization time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry for fast and accurate identification of clinically relevant Aspergillus species. Clin Microbiol Infect 2011; 17:750-5. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-0691.2010.03323.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Desuoky AM, El-Haleem ABD, Zaki SA, Abuelhamd AT, Amara A, Aboelreesh GMS. Biosynthesis of polyhydroxyalkanotes in wildtype yeasts. Journal of Applied Sciences and Environmental Management 2010; 11. [DOI: 10.4314/jasem.v11i3.55066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
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29
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Buelhamd AT, Abd-El-Haleem DAM, Zaki SA, Amara A, Aboelreesh GMS. Genetic engineering of <i.Schizosaccharomyces pombe</i> to produce Bacterial Polyhydroxyalkanotes. Journal of Applied Sciences and Environmental Management 2010; 11. [DOI: 10.4314/jasem.v11i2.54996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
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30
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Nixon A, Starr M, Pang H, Bulusu A, Honeycutt W, Amara A, Bendell JC, Hurwitz H. Use of plasma angiome to predict PFS in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) treated with capecitabine, oxaliplatin, and bevacizumab (XELOX-A). J Clin Oncol 2010. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2010.28.15_suppl.e21009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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31
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Sharaf M, Amara A, Aboul-Enein A, Helmi S, Ballot A, Astani A, Schnitzler P. Molecular authentication and characterization of the antiherpetic activity of the cyanobacterium Arthrospira fusiformis. Pharmazie 2010; 65:132-136. [PMID: 20225659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
In recent years there has been an increasing interest for application of natural products as antiinfectives and concerns about the safety of synthetic compounds have encouraged more detailed studies of natural resources. Two different strains of the nontoxic cyanobacterium Arthrospira from the United States and Egypt have been characterized by sequence analysis of the intergenic spacer region of the phycocyanin gene. Both cyanobacteria were identified as Arthrospira fusiformis by phylogenetic tree analysis. The antiherpetic activity of crude aqueous extracts from the US and the Egyptian A. fusiformis isolates was determined. Antiviral activity against herpes simplex virus of cold water extracts, hot water extracts and phosphate buffer extracts from the American and the Egyptian strains was assessed in plaque reduction assays and their mode of antiherpetic action was analysed. In virus suspension assays, all extracts of the American cyanobacterium and the phosphate buffer extract of the Egyptian cyanobacterium inhibited virus infectivity by > 90% in a dose-dependent manner. Phosphate buffer extract and hot water extract of the US cyanobacterium demonstrated the highest antiviral activity at low extract concentrations with high selectivity indices of 7464 and 542, respectively. The mode of antiviral action has been determined by addition of cyanobacterial extracts separately at different time periods during the viral infection cycle. Two extracts of the US A. fusiformis strain clearly inhibited herpesvirus multiplication before and after virus infection of host cells. In contrast, extracts of the Egyptian A. fusiformis strain affected only free herpes simplex virus prior to infection of host cells by direct inactivation of virus particles. In this study different Arthrospira crude extracts showed a significant antiviral effect and might be applied in recurrent herpetic infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Sharaf
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Virology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
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32
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Abd-El-haleem D, Amara A, Zaki S, Abulhamd A, Abulreesh G. Biosynthesis of biodegradable polyhydroxyalkanotes biopolymers in genetically modified yeasts. Int J Environ Sci Technol 2007; 4:513-520. [DOI: 10.1007/bf03325988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
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33
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Rémy J, Mastora I, Amara A, Albert F, Rémy-Jardin M. [Multi-slice CT angiography of thoracic pathology: particularities and new indications]. J Radiol 2002; 83:695-709. [PMID: 12149586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/26/2023]
Abstract
This review consists in three main topics. At this time, technology does not allow for optimal functional and morphological evaluation of the cardiac chambers. However, a precise pretherapeutic map of the systemic supply of the lung can be non invasively obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Rémy
- CHRU de Lille Hôpital Calmette, Boulevard du Professeur Leclercq, 59037 Lille Cedex
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34
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Ben Saïd MS, Ben Maitigue H, Benzarti M, Messadi L, Rejeb A, Amara A. [Epidemiological and clinical studies of ovine caseous lymphadenitis]. Arch Inst Pasteur Tunis 2002; 79:51-7. [PMID: 15072245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
A field survey was undertaken, to determine epidemiological, clinical and biological data on Ovine Caseous Lymphadenitis disease in 54 flocks originated from Sfax area in Tunisia. The mean morbidity rate of the cutaneous form was 5.1%. This form affected sheep over 3 months and under 2 years old. On the other hand, the mean morbidity rate of the visceral form, encountered in abattoirs, was 11.02%. The clinical aspect of the superficial (or cutaneous) form was often corresponding to one abscess, located particularly in the lymphatic nodes of the animal's head; while visceral (or internal) form of the disease was represented by the presence of a unique abscess found in the pulmonary lymphatic nodes. The macroscopic aspect of lesions showed that the size of abscess was comprised between 4 and 10 cm in diameter. At the cut, colour of the pus was white yellowish to yellow greyish with a fluid or a thick aspect like onion peels; pus was microscopic. Lesions were characterised by a fibrous shell, a pyogenic membrane and a necrotic center. Bacteriological research revealed that Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis was the pathogen the most frequently isolated, followed by Staphylococcus aureus subsp anaerobius which was particularly found in sheep aged between 3 months and 2 years old.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Ben Saïd
- Service de pathologie de bétail, ENMV-Sidi Thabet-2020, Ariana, Tunisie
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Casamayor-Pallejà M, Mondière P, Amara A, Bella C, Dieu-Nosjean MC, Caux C, Defrance T. Expression of macrophage inflammatory protein-3alpha, stromal cell-derived factor-1, and B-cell-attracting chemokine-1 identifies the tonsil crypt as an attractive site for B cells. Blood 2001; 97:3992-4. [PMID: 11389046 DOI: 10.1182/blood.v97.12.3992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The expression of 3 lymphoid chemokines-macrophage inflammatory protein-3alpha (MIP-3alpha), stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF-1), and B-cell-attracting chemokine-1 (BCA-1)-in the tonsil and the possible correlation between their sites of expression and B-cell localization within this tissue were studied. The results show that all 3 chemokines are produced in the crypts but differ by the nature of the cells that produce them and their location within the crypt. SDF-1 and MIP-3alpha are produced by epithelial cells, but their secretion is mutually exclusive. Both MIP-3alpha- and SDF-1-expressing cells are in close contact with memory B cells. By contrast, BCA-1-producing cells in the crypt are not epithelial and form clusters colocalized with plasma cells. Altogether, these data suggest that the chemokines produced in the tonsillar crypt may (1) attract memory B cells to antigen and (2) recruit and retain plasma cells and memory B cells within the supportive epithelial microenvironment of the crypt. (Blood. 2001;97:3992-3994)
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Affiliation(s)
- M Casamayor-Pallejà
- INSERM U404, Immunité et Vaccination, Ave Tony Garnier, 69365, Lyon, Cedex 07, France
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Bouhlal H, Hocini H, Quillent-Grégoire C, Donkova V, Rose S, Amara A, Longhi R, Haeffner-Cavaillon N, Beretta A, Kaveri SV, Kazatchkine MD. Antibodies to C-C chemokine receptor 5 in normal human IgG block infection of macrophages and lymphocytes with primary R5-tropic strains of HIV-1. J Immunol 2001; 166:7606-11. [PMID: 11390517 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.166.12.7606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, we demonstrate that normal human IgG for therapeutic use (i.v. Ig) contains natural Abs directed against the CCR5 coreceptor for HIV-1. Abs to CCR5 were isolated from i.v. Ig using an affinity matrix consisting of a synthetic peptide corresponding to the N-terminus of CCR5 coupled to Sepharose. Natural anti-CCR5 Abs inhibited the binding of RANTES to macrophages, demonstrating their interaction with the coreceptor of R5-tropic HIV-1. Affinity-purified anti-CCR5 Ig further inhibited infection of lymphocytes and monocytes/macrophages with primary and laboratory-adapted strains of HIV-1, but did not inhibit infection with X4-tropic HIV. Our results suggest that anti-CCR5 Abs from healthy immunocompetent donors may be suitable for development of novel passive immunotherapy regimens in specific clinical settings in HIV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Bouhlal
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unité II 430 and Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Hôpital Broussais, Paris, France
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37
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Valenzuela-Fernández A, Palanche T, Amara A, Magerus A, Altmeyer R, Delaunay T, Virelizier JL, Baleux F, Galzi JL, Arenzana-Seisdedos F. Optimal inhibition of X4 HIV isolates by the CXC chemokine stromal cell-derived factor 1 alpha requires interaction with cell surface heparan sulfate proteoglycans. J Biol Chem 2001; 276:26550-8. [PMID: 11352904 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m100411200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The chemokine stromal cell-derived factor 1 (SDF-1) is the natural ligand for CXC chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4). SDF-1 inhibits infection of CD4+ cells by X4 (CXCR4-dependent) human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) strains. We previously showed that SDF-1 alpha interacts specifically with heparin or heparan sulfates (HSs). Herein, we delimited the boundaries of the HS-binding domain located in the first beta-strand of SDF-1 alpha as the critical residues. We also provide evidence that binding to cell surface heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) determines the capacity of SDF-1 alpha to prevent the fusogenic activity of HIV-1 X4 isolates in leukocytes. Indeed, SDF-1 alpha mutants lacking the capacity to interact with HSPGs showed a substantially reduced capacity to prevent cell-to-cell fusion mediated by X4 HIV envelope glycoproteins. Moreover, the enzymatic removal of cell surface HS diminishes the HIV-inhibitory capacity of the chemokine to the levels shown by the HS-binding-disabled mutant counterparts. The mechanisms underlying the optimal HIV-inhibitory activity of SDF-1 alpha when attached to HSPGs were investigated. Combining fluorescence resonance energy transfer and laser confocal microscopy, we demonstrate the concomitant binding of SDF-1 alpha to CXCR4 and HSPGs at the cell membrane. Using FRET between a Texas Red-labeled SDF-1 alpha and an enhanced green fluorescent protein-tagged CXCR4, we show that binding of SDF-1 alpha to cell surface HSPGs modifies neither the kinetics of occupancy nor activation in real time of CXCR4 by the chemokine. Moreover, attachment to HSPGs does not modify the potency of the chemokine to promote internalization of CXCR4. Attachment to cellular HSPGs may co-operate in the optimal anti-HIV activity of SDF-1 alpha by increasing the local concentration of the chemokine in the surrounding environment of CXCR4, thus facilitating sustained occupancy and down-regulation of the HIV coreceptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Valenzuela-Fernández
- Unité d'Immunologie Virale, Institut Pasteur, 28 Rue du Dr. Roux, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France
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Rustom R, Grime JS, Sells RA, Amara A, Jackson MJ, Shenkin A, Maltby P, Smith L, Hammad A, Brown M, Bone JM. Renal tubular peptide catabolism in chronic vascular rejection. Ren Fail 2001; 23:517-31. [PMID: 11499566 DOI: 10.1081/jdi-100104734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic vascular rejection (CR) is the commonest cause of renal transplant loss, with few clues to etiology, but proteinuria is a common feature. In diseased native kidneys, proteinuria and progression to failure are linked. We proposed a pathogenic role for this excess protein at a tubular level in kidney diseases of dissimilar origin. We demonstrated in both nephrotic patients with normal function and in those with failing kidneys increased renal tubular catabolism and turnover rates of a peptide marker, Aprotinin (Apr), linked to increased ammonia excretion and tubular injury. These potentially injurious processes were suppressed by reducing proteinuria with Lisinopril. Do similar mechanisms of renal injury and such a linkage also occur in proteinuric transplanted patients with CR, and if so, is Lisinopril then of beneficial value? We now examine these aspects in 11 patients with moderate/severe renal impairment (51CrEDTA clearance 26.2+/-3.3 mL/min/1.73 m2), proteinuria (6.1+/-1.5 g/24 h) and biopsy proven CR. Lisinopril (10-40 mg) was given daily for 2 months in 7 patients. Four others were given oral sodium bicarbonate (Na HCO3) for 2 months before adding Lisinopril. Renal tubular catabolism of intravenous 99mTc-Apr (Apr* 0.5 mg, 80MBq), was measured before and after Lisinopril by gamma-ray renal imaging and urinary radioactivity of the free radiolabel over 26 h. Fractional degradation was calculated from these data. Total 24 h urinary N-acetyl-beta-glucoaminidase (NAG) and ammonia excretion in fresh timed urine collections were also measured every two weeks from two months before treatment. After Lisinopril proteinuria fell significantly (from 7.8+/-2.2 to 3.4+/-1.9 g/24 h, p<0.05). This was associated with a reduction in metabolism of Apr* over 26 h (from 0.5+/-0.05 to 0.3+/-0.005% dose/h, p < 0.02), and in fractional degradation (from 0.04+/-0.009 to 0.02+/-0.005/h, p<0.01). Urinary ammonia fell, but surprisingly not significantly and this was explained by the increased clinical acidosis after Lisinopril, (plasma bicarbonate fell from 19.1+/-0.7 to 17.4+/-0.8 mmol/L, p < 0.01), an original observation. Total urinary NAG did fall significantly from a median of 2108 (range 1044-3816) to 1008 (76-2147) micromol/L, p < 0.05. There was no significant change in blood pressure or in measurements of glomerular hemodynamics. In the 4 patients who were given Na HCO3 before adding Lisinopril, both acidosis (and hyperkalemia) were reversed and neither recurred after adding Lisinopril. These observations in proteinuric transplanted patients after Lisinopril treatment have not been previously described.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Rustom
- University Department of Medicine, Royal Liverpool University Hospital, UK.
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Tham TN, Lazarini F, Franceschini IA, Lachapelle F, Amara A, Dubois-Dalcq M. Developmental pattern of expression of the alpha chemokine stromal cell-derived factor 1 in the rat central nervous system. Eur J Neurosci 2001; 13:845-56. [PMID: 11264658 DOI: 10.1046/j.0953-816x.2000.01451.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Stromal cell-derived factor 1 (SDF-1) is an alpha-chemokine that stimulates migration of haematopoietic progenitor cells and development of the immune system. SDF-1 is also abundantly and selectively expressed in the developing and mature CNS, as we show here. At embryonic day 15, SDF-1 transcripts were detected in the germinal periventricular zone and in the deep layer of the forming cerebral cortex. At birth, granule cells in the cerebellum and glial cells of the olfactory bulb outer layer showed an SDF-1 in situ hybridization signal that decreased progressively within the next 2 weeks. In other regions such as cortex, thalamus and hippocampus, SDF-1 transcripts detected at birth progressively increased in abundance during the postnatal period. SDF-1 protein was identified by immunoblot and/or immunocytochemistry in most brain regions where these transcripts were detected. SDF-1 was selectively localized in some thalamic nuclei and neurons of the fifth cortical layer as well as in pontine and brainstem nuclei which relay the nociceptive response. The presence of SDF-1 transcripts in cerebellar granule cells was correlated with their migration from the external to the inner granular layers with disappearance of the signal when migration was completed. In contrast, SDF1 mRNA signal increased during formation of the hippocampal dentate gyrus and stayed high in this region throughout life. The selective and regulated expression of SDF-1 in these regions suggests a role in precursor migration, neurogenesis and, possibly, synaptogenesis. Thus this alpha chemokine may be as essential to nervous system function as it is to the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- T N Tham
- Unité de Neurovirologie et Régénération du Système Nerveux, Institut Pasteur, 25, rue du Dr Roux, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France
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Foussat A, Balabanian K, Amara A, Bouchet-Delbos L, Durand-Gasselin I, Baleux F, Couderc J, Galanaud P, Emilie D. Production of stromal cell-derived factor 1 by mesothelial cells and effects of this chemokine on peritoneal B lymphocytes. Eur J Immunol 2001; 31:350-9. [PMID: 11180098 DOI: 10.1002/1521-4141(200102)31:2<350::aid-immu350>3.0.co;2-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
B1a lymphocytes accumulate and proliferate in the peritoneal cavity. Stromal cell-derived factor 1 (SDF-1) is a chemotactic and growth promoting factor for B cell precursors. It is required for fetal liver B cell lymphopoiesis, which generates mostly B1a lymphocytes. Using immunohistochemistry with an anti-SDF-1 monoclonal antibody, we found that SDF-1 was produced by peritoneal mesothelial cells in adult mice. Peritoneal B1a lymphocytes expressed a functional SDF-1 receptor, as shown by actin polymerization experiments. In vitro, SDF-1 stimulated migration, proliferation of a minority of peritoneal B1a lymphocytes, and prevented apoptosis in a large fraction of cells. B1a cells migrating in response to SDF-1 were largely enriched in the CD5(high)CD43(high)B220(-)CD1d(-) subpopulation. In vivo, neutralization of SDF-1 for 3 weeks significantly decreased the number of peritoneal B1 cells. SDF-1 also acted on peritoneal B2 cells. These findings show that after the cessation of B cell lymphopoiesis in the liver, around birth, the persistence of B1a cells remains SDF-1 dependent, and that SDF-1 production by mesothelial cells plays a role in the peritoneal location of B1a cells. Thus, the role of mesothelial cells for B1a cells in adults may be similar to that of SDF-1-producing biliary ductal plate cells in the fetus, and to that of bone marrow stromal cells for B2 cell precursors.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Foussat
- INSERM U131, Institut Paris-Sud sur les Cytokines, Clamart, France
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Buckley CD, Amft N, Bradfield PF, Pilling D, Ross E, Arenzana-Seisdedos F, Amara A, Curnow SJ, Lord JM, Scheel-Toellner D, Salmon M. Persistent induction of the chemokine receptor CXCR4 by TGF-beta 1 on synovial T cells contributes to their accumulation within the rheumatoid synovium. J Immunol 2000; 165:3423-9. [PMID: 10975862 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.165.6.3423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 235] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Chemokines and their receptors determine the distribution of leukocytes within tissues in health and disease. We have studied the role of the constitutive chemokine receptor CXCR4 and its ligand, stromal-derived factor-1 (SDF-1) in the perivascular accumulation of T cells in rheumatoid arthritis. We show that synovial T cells, which are primed CD45RO+CD45RBdull cells and consequently not expected to express constitutive chemokine receptors, have high levels of the chemokine receptor CXCR4. Sustained expression of CXCR4 was maintained on synovial T cells by specific factors present within the synovial microenvironment. Extensive screening revealed that TGF-beta isoforms induce the expression of CXCR4 on CD4 T cells in vitro. Depletion studies using synovial fluid confirmed an important role for TGF-beta1 in the induction of CXCR4 expression in vivo. The only known ligand for CXCR4 is SDF-1. We found SDF-1 on synovial endothelial cells and showed that SDF-1 was able to induce strong integrin-mediated adhesion of synovial fluid T cells to fibronectin and ICAM-1, confirming that CXCR4 expressed on synovial T cells was functional. These results suggest that the persistent induction of CXCR4 on synovial T cells by TGF-beta1 leads to their active, SDF-1-mediated retention in a perivascular distribution within the rheumatoid synovium.
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Affiliation(s)
- C D Buckley
- Division of Immunity and Infection, Medical Research Council Center for Immune Regulation, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, United Kingdom.
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Agace WW, Amara A, Roberts AI, Pablos JL, Thelen S, Uguccioni M, Li XY, Marsal J, Arenzana-Seisdedos F, Delaunay T, Ebert EC, Moser B, Parker CM. Constitutive expression of stromal derived factor-1 by mucosal epithelia and its role in HIV transmission and propagation. Curr Biol 2000; 10:325-8. [PMID: 10744978 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-9822(00)00380-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
HIV particles that use the chemokine receptor CXCR4 as a coreceptor for entry into cells (X4-HIV) inefficiently transmit infection across mucosal surfaces [1], despite their presence in seminal fluid and mucosal secretions from infected individuals [2] [3] [4]. In addition, although intestinal lymphocytes are susceptible to infection with either X4-HIV particles or particles that use the chemokine receptor CCR5 for viral entry (R5-HIV) during ex vivo culture [5], only systemic inoculation of R5-chimeric simian-HIV (S-HIV) results in a rapid loss of CD4(+) intestinal lymphocytes in macaques [6]. The mechanisms underlying the inefficient capacity of X4-HIV to transmit infection across mucosal surfaces and to infect intestinal lymphocytes in vivo have remained elusive. The CCR5 ligands RANTES, MIP-1alpha and MIP-1beta suppress infection by R5-HIV-1 particles via induction of CCR5 internalization, and individuals whose peripheral blood lymphocytes produce high levels of these chemokines are relatively resistant to infection [7] [8] [9]. Here, we show that the CXCR4 ligand stromal derived factor-1 (SDF-1) is constitutively expressed by mucosal epithelial cells at sites of HIV transmission and propagation. Furthermore, CXCR4 is selectively downmodulated on intestinal lymphocytes within the setting of prominent SDF-1 expression. We postulate that mucosally derived SDF-1 continuously downmodulates CXCR4 on resident HIV target cells, thereby reducing the transmission and propagation of X4-HIV at mucosal sites. Moreover, such a mechanism could contribute to the delayed emergence of X4 isolates, which predominantly occurs during the later stages of the HIV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- W W Agace
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Brigham and Womens Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston 02115, USA.
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Pablos JL, Amara A, Bouloc A, Santiago B, Caruz A, Galindo M, Delaunay T, Virelizier JL, Arenzana-Seisdedos F. Stromal-cell derived factor is expressed by dendritic cells and endothelium in human skin. Am J Pathol 1999; 155:1577-86. [PMID: 10550315 PMCID: PMC1866989 DOI: 10.1016/s0002-9440(10)65474-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 192] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Stromal-cell derived factor or SDF-1 is a CXC chemokine constitutively expressed by stromal bone marrow cell cultures that binds to the G-protein-coupled receptor CXCR4. SDF-1/CXCR4 represents a unique, nonpromiscuous ligand/receptor pair that plays an essential role in prenatal myelo- and lymphopoiesis as well as in cardiovascular and neural development. SDF-1 prevents entry of CXCR4-dependent (X4) HIV viruses in T lymphocytes, by binding and internalizing CXCR4. The expression pattern of SDF-1 protein in normal tissues is not known. Here we describe an analysis of SDF-1 mRNA and protein in normal and inflamed skin by in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry, using a novel anti-SDF-1 monoclonal antibody. We also describe the expression pattern of CXCR4 receptor by immunohistochemistry. Our results show that SDF-1 protein and mRNA are normally expressed by endothelial cells, pericytes, and either resident or explanted CD1a+ dendritic cells. Epithelial cells of sweat glands but not keratinocytes also express SDF-1. In various inflammatory skin diseases, a large number of mononuclear cells and fibroblasts in close contact with CXCR4-positive lymphocytic infiltrates also express SDF-1. CXCR4 was also detected in many different normal cell types, including endothelial and epithelial cells, which points to a role for SDF-1/CXCR4 cell signaling in vascular and epithelial homeostasis. The demonstration of SDF-1 expression in dendritic and endothelial cells provides new insights into the mechanisms of normal and pathological lymphocyte circulation and makes it possible to envisage a role for locally secreted SDF-1 in the selective incapacity of mucosal dendritic cells to support and propagate infection by X4 HIV isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Pablos
- Servicio de Reumatología, Centro de Investigación, Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain.
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Amara A, Lorthioir O, Valenzuela A, Magerus A, Thelen M, Montes M, Virelizier JL, Delepierre M, Baleux F, Lortat-Jacob H, Arenzana-Seisdedos F. Stromal cell-derived factor-1alpha associates with heparan sulfates through the first beta-strand of the chemokine. J Biol Chem 1999; 274:23916-25. [PMID: 10446158 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.274.34.23916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 279] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Biological properties of chemokines are believed to be influenced by their association with glycosaminoglycans. Surface plasmon resonance kinetic analysis shows that the CXC chemokine stromal cell-derived factor-1alpha (SDF-1alpha), which binds the CXCR4 receptor, associates with heparin with an affinity constant of 38.4 nM (k(on) = 2.16 x 10(6) M(-1) s(-1) and k(off) = 0.083 x s(-1)). A modified SDF-1alpha (SDF-1 3/6) was generated by combined substitution of the basic cluster of residues Lys(24), His(25), and Lys(27) by Ser. SDF-1 3/6 conserves the global native structure and functional properties of SDF-1alpha, but it is unable to interact with sensor chip-immobilized heparin. The biological relevance of these in vitro findings was investigated. SDF-1alpha was unable to bind in a CXCR4-independent manner on epithelial cells that were treated with heparan sulfate (HS)-degrading enzymes or constitutively lack HS expression. The inability of SDF-1 3/6 to bind to cells underlines the importance of the identified basic cluster for the physiological interactions of SDF-1alpha with HS. Importantly, the amino-terminal domain of SDF-1alpha which is required for binding to, and activation of, CXCR4 remains exposed after binding to HS and is recognized by a neutralizing monoclonal antibody directed against the first residues of the chemokine. Overall, these findings indicate that the Lys(24), His(25), and Lys(27) cluster of residues forms, or is an essential part of, the HS-binding site which is distinct from that required for binding to, and signaling through, CXCR4.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Amara
- Unité d'Immunologie Virale, Institut Pasteur, 28 Rue du Dr. Roux, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France
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Coulomb-L'Hermin A, Amara A, Schiff C, Durand-Gasselin I, Foussat A, Delaunay T, Chaouat G, Capron F, Ledee N, Galanaud P, Arenzana-Seisdedos F, Emilie D. Stromal cell-derived factor 1 (SDF-1) and antenatal human B cell lymphopoiesis: expression of SDF-1 by mesothelial cells and biliary ductal plate epithelial cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1999; 96:8585-90. [PMID: 10411919 PMCID: PMC17560 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.96.15.8585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The chemokine stromal cell-derived factor 1 (SDF-1) stimulates the growth of pre-B cells in vitro, and mice with a disrupted SDF-1 gene have abnormal fetal liver B cell lymphopoiesis. The origin of SDF-1 production has not been determined yet. Using an anti-SDF-1 mAb, we performed immunohistochemical studies in four human embryos and five fetuses to define which cells express the SDF-1 protein at sites of antenatal B cell lymphopoiesis. All mesothelial cells contained SDF-1 at all stages of development, including in the intraembryonic splanchnopleuric mesoderm early into gestation. In fetal lungs and kidneys, SDF-1 was expressed by epithelial cells, and a few B lymphoid precursors, expressing V pre-B chains, were also detected. In the fetal liver, in addition to mesothelial cells, biliary epithelial cells were the only cells to contain SDF-1. Pre-B cells expressing V chains were abundant and exclusively located around the edge of portal spaces, in close contact with biliary ductal plate epithelial cells. They did not colocalize with biliary collecting ducts. Biliary ductal plate epithelial cells and liver B cell lymphopoiesis display a parallel development and disappearance during fetal life. These results indicate that early B cell lymphopoiesis in the splanchnopleura may be triggered by mesothelial cells producing SDF-1. Later into gestation, biliary ductal plate epithelial cells may support B cell lymphopoiesis, thus playing a role similar to that of epithelial cells in the avian bursa of Fabricius, and of thymic epithelial cells for T cell lymphopoiesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Coulomb-L'Hermin
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U131, Institut Paris-Sud sur les Cytokines, 92140 Clamart, France
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Lazarini F, Tham T, Casanova P, Amara A, Balleux F, Arenzena F, Virelizier J, Dubois-Dalcq M. The glycoprotein of an HIV X4 strain binds to the chemokine receptor CXCR4 on rat neurons. J Neuroimmunol 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0165-5728(98)91281-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Mondor I, Moulard M, Ugolini S, Klasse PJ, Hoxie J, Amara A, Delaunay T, Wyatt R, Sodroski J, Sattentau QJ. Interactions among HIV gp120, CD4, and CXCR4: dependence on CD4 expression level, gp120 viral origin, conservation of the gp120 COOH- and NH2-termini and V1/V2 and V3 loops, and sensitivity to neutralizing antibodies. Virology 1998; 248:394-405. [PMID: 9721247 DOI: 10.1006/viro.1998.9282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The binding of HIV-derived recombinant soluble (s)gp120 to the CD4(+)/CXCR4(+) A3.01 T cell line inhibits the binding of the CXCR4-specific monoclonal antibodies 12G5, which interacts with the second extracellular loop, and 6H8, which binds the NH2 terminus. We have used this as an assay to analyse the interaction of recombinant sgp120 from diverse viral origins with CXCR4. The strength of the interaction between sgp120 and CXCR4 correlated with sgp120 affinity for the CD4-CXCR4 complex, and the interaction of sgp120MN and sgp120IIIB with CXCR4 was highly dependent on the level of CD4 expressed on a variety of different T cell lines. sgp120 from X4, R5X4, and R5 viruses interacted with CXCR4, although the R5 sgp120-CXCR4 interactions were weaker than those of the other gp120s. The interaction of sgp120IIIB or sgp120MN with CXCR4 was inhibited by neutralizing monoclonal antibodies that prevent the sgp120-CD4 interaction but also by antibodies specific for the gp120 V2 and V3 loops, the CD4-induced epitope and the 2G12 epitope, which interfere weakly or not at all with CD4-sgp120 binding. The binding to A3.01 cells of wild-type sgp120HxB2, but not of sgp120 deleted in the COOH and NH2 termini, interfered with 12G5 binding in a dose-dependent manner. Further deletion of the V1 and V2 loops restored CXCR4 binding activity, but additional removal of the V3 loop eliminated the gp120-CXCR4 interaction, without decreasing the affinity between mutated sgp120 and CD4. Taken together, these results demonstrate that the interactions between sgp120 and CXCR4 are globally similar to those previously observed between sgp120 and CCR5, with some apparent differences in the strength of the sgp120-CXCR4 interactions and their dependence on CD4.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Mondor
- Case 906, The Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Marseille Cedex 9, 13288, France
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Heveker N, Montes M, Germeroth L, Amara A, Trautmann A, Alizon M, Schneider-Mergener J. Dissociation of the signalling and antiviral properties of SDF-1-derived small peptides. Curr Biol 1998; 8:369-76. [PMID: 9545196 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-9822(98)70155-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The chemokine receptor CXCR4 (a receptor for the Cys-X-Cys class of chemokines) is a CD4-associated coreceptor for T-cell-tropic strains of human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1) and represents a target for antiviral therapy. Infection by T-tropic HIV-1 can be blocked by stromal-cell-derived factor-1 (SDF-1), the natural ligand of CXCR4. The broad variety of cells expressing CXCR4 and the perturbations observed in mice deficient for SDF-1 suggest that antiviral compounds antagonizing the signalling activity of CXCR4 might have severe side effects in vivo. Compounds that interfere selectively with HIV entry and not with SDF-1 signalling would therefore be useful. RESULTS A series of peptides, each of 13 residues, spanning the whole SDF-1alpha sequence were tested for their ability to block HIV-1 infection. The antiviral and signalling properties of SDF-1 were retained by a peptide corresponding to its amino terminus. Removal of the first two residues resulted in an antiviral antagonist of the SDF-1-CXCR4 signalling pathway. We prepared 234 single-substitution analogues and identified one antiviral analogue that had drastically reduced agonistic or antagonistic properties. The antiviral peptides competed with the monoclonal antibody 12G5 for CXCR4 binding. Their antiviral activity seems to be due to receptor occupancy rather than induction of receptor endocytosis. CONCLUSIONS The amino terminus of the SDF-1 chemokine is sufficient for signal transduction via CXCR4 and for inhibition of HIV-1 entry, but these activities could be dissociated in a peptide analogue. This peptide represents a lead molecule for the design of low molecular weight antiviral drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Heveker
- Inserm U.332, Institut Cochin de Génétique Moléculaire, 22 rue Méchain, 75014, Paris, France.
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Bandres JC, Wang QF, O'Leary J, Baleaux F, Amara A, Hoxie JA, Zolla-Pazner S, Gorny MK. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) envelope binds to CXCR4 independently of CD4, and binding can be enhanced by interaction with soluble CD4 or by HIV envelope deglycosylation. J Virol 1998; 72:2500-4. [PMID: 9499113 PMCID: PMC109552 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.72.3.2500-2504.1998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemokine receptor CXCR4 (also known as LESTR and fusin) has been shown to function as a coreceptor for T-cell-tropic strains of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). We have developed a binding assay to show that HIV envelope (Env) can interact with CXCR4 independently of CD4 but that this binding is markedly enhanced by the previous interaction of Env with soluble CD4. We also show that nonglycosylated HIV-1(SF-2) gp120 or sodium metaperiodate-treated oligomeric gp160 from HIV-1(451) bound much more readily to CXCR4 than their counterparts with intact carbohydrate residues did.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C Bandres
- Research Center for AIDS and HIV Infection, Manhattan VA Medical Center, and Department of Pathology, New York University, New York 10010, USA.
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Constans J, Guérin V, Couchouron A, Seigneur M, Ryman A, Blann AD, Amiral J, Amara A, Peuchant E, Moreau JF, Pellegrin I, Pellegrin JL, Fleury H, Leng B, Conri C. Autoantibodies directed against phospholipids or human beta 2-glycoprotein I in HIV-seropositive patients: relationship with endothelial activation and antimalonic dialdehyde antibodies. Eur J Clin Invest 1998; 28:115-22. [PMID: 9541125 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2362.1998.00254.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We investigated the possible role of antiphospholipid (APA) and anti-human 2-glycoprotein I (beta2-GPI) antibodies (Ab) in thrombosis and atherosclerosis in human immunodeficiency (HIV)-positive patients, in whom they seem to be more frequent. METHODS We measured APA and anti-beta2-GPI Ab in 58 HIV-positive patients together with markers of disease progression, circulating beta2-GPI, plasma lipids, biological markers of endothelial activation and integrity (plasma thrombomodulin, von Willebrand factor, vascular cell adhesion molecule 1) and with antimalonic dialdehyde antibodies (anti-MDA Ab). RESULTS We found a 41% frequency of IgG APA in the HIV-positive patients. APA IgMs were rarely positive (7%), and anti-beta2-GPI IgGs were positive in 3-4% patients. There was no correlation between APA or anti-beta2-GPI Ab and the presence of opportunistic infections. Although plasma thrombomodulin, von Willebrand factor and vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 were significantly increased in the HIV-positive patients, APA was correlated only with vascular cell adhesion molecule 1, suggesting that APAs are correlated with endothelial activation but not with vascular endothelial lesions. A correlation between APA and anti-MDA IgG was demonstrated using multivariate analysis (r=0.542, P < 0.0001), suggesting a relationship between the targets of these antibodies. Finally, IgG APAs are frequent in HIV infection but are not correlated with biological markers of endothelial injury. CONCLUSION Our results do not support a role for APA or anti-beta2-GPI in HIV-associated silent vascular endothelial damage. However, the role of these autoantibodies in clinically relevant thrombotic events should be investigated in HIV-positive patients.
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