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Kardos P, Correia de Sousa J, Heininger U, Konstantopoulos A, MacIntyre CR, Middleton D, Nolan T, Papi A, Rendon A, Rizzo A, Sampson K, Sette A, Sobczyk E, Tan T, Weil-Olivier C, Weinberger B, Wilkinson T, Wirsing von König CH. Understanding the impact of adult pertussis and current approaches to vaccination: A narrative review and expert panel recommendations. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2024; 20:2324547. [PMID: 38564339 PMCID: PMC10989709 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2024.2324547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Pertussis has several notable consequences, causing economic burden, increased strain on healthcare facilities, and reductions in quality of life. Recent years have seen a trend toward an increase in pertussis cases affecting older children and adults. To boost immunity, and protect vulnerable populations, an enduring approach to vaccination has been proposed, but gaps remain in the evidence surrounding adult vaccination that are needed to inform such a policy. Gaps include: the true incidence of pertussis and its complications in adults; regional variations in disease recognition and reporting; and incidence of severe disease, hospitalizations, and deaths in older adults. Better data on the efficacy/effectiveness of pertussis vaccination in adults, duration of protection, and factors leading to poor vaccine uptake are needed. Addressing the critical evidence gaps will help highlight important areas of unmet need and justify the importance of adult pertussis vaccination to healthcare professionals, policymakers, and payers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Kardos
- Group Practice & Center, Allergy, Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Maingau Hospital of the Red Cross, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Jaime Correia de Sousa
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute, School of Medicine, University of Minho School of Medicine, Braga, Portugal
| | - Ulrich Heininger
- Pediatric Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, University of Basel Children’s Hospital, BaselSwitzerland
| | | | - C. Raina MacIntyre
- Kirby Institute, UNSW Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Donald Middleton
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, USA
| | - Terry Nolan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Alberto Papi
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Adrian Rendon
- Pulmonary/Critical Care Division, Autonomous University of Nuevo León, San Nicolás de los Garza, Mexico
| | | | - Kim Sampson
- Immunisation Coalition, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Alessandro Sette
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, San Diego, USA
| | - Elizabeth Sobczyk
- AMDA – The Society for Post-Acute and Long-Term Care Medicine, Denver, USA
| | - Tina Tan
- Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, USA
| | | | - Birgit Weinberger
- Institute for Biomedical Aging Research, Universität Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Tom Wilkinson
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
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Bont L, Krone M, Harrington L, Nair H, Nolan T, Oshitani H, Salisbury D. Respiratory syncytial virus: Time for surveillance across all ages, with a focus on adults. J Glob Health 2024; 14:03008. [PMID: 38343348 PMCID: PMC10859724 DOI: 10.7189/jogh.14.03008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Louis Bont
- Department of Paediatrics, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- ReSViNET Foundation, Julius Clinical, Zeist, the Netherlands
| | - Manuel Krone
- Infection Control and Antimicrobial Stewardship Unit, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
- Institute for Hygiene and Microbiology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | | | - Harish Nair
- ReSViNET Foundation, Julius Clinical, Zeist, the Netherlands
- Centre for Global Health, Usher Institute, Edinburgh Medical School, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
- MRC/Wits Rural Public Health and Health Transitions Research Unit (Agincourt), School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Terry Nolan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Hitoshi Oshitani
- Department of Virology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - David Salisbury
- Programme for Global Health, Royal Institute of International Affairs, Chatham House, London, England, UK
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3
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Deliyannis G, Gherardin NA, Wong CY, Grimley SL, Cooney JP, Redmond SJ, Ellenberg P, Davidson KC, Mordant FL, Smith T, Gillard M, Lopez E, McAuley J, Tan CW, Wang JJ, Zeng W, Littlejohn M, Zhou R, Fuk-Woo Chan J, Chen ZW, Hartwig AE, Bowen R, Mackenzie JM, Vincan E, Torresi J, Kedzierska K, Pouton CW, Gordon TP, Wang LF, Kent SJ, Wheatley AK, Lewin SR, Subbarao K, Chung AW, Pellegrini M, Munro T, Nolan T, Rockman S, Jackson DC, Purcell DFJ, Godfrey DI. Broad immunity to SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern mediated by a SARS-CoV-2 receptor-binding domain protein vaccine. EBioMedicine 2023; 92:104574. [PMID: 37148585 PMCID: PMC10159263 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2023.104574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The SARS-CoV-2 global pandemic has fuelled the generation of vaccines at an unprecedented pace and scale. However, many challenges remain, including: the emergence of vaccine-resistant mutant viruses, vaccine stability during storage and transport, waning vaccine-induced immunity, and concerns about infrequent adverse events associated with existing vaccines. METHODS We report on a protein subunit vaccine comprising the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of the ancestral SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, dimerised with an immunoglobulin IgG1 Fc domain. These were tested in conjunction with three different adjuvants: a TLR2 agonist R4-Pam2Cys, an NKT cell agonist glycolipid α-Galactosylceramide, or MF59® squalene oil-in-water adjuvant, using mice, rats and hamsters. We also developed an RBD-human IgG1 Fc vaccine with an RBD sequence of the immuno-evasive beta variant (N501Y, E484K, K417N). These vaccines were also tested as a heterologous third dose booster in mice, following priming with whole spike vaccine. FINDINGS Each formulation of the RBD-Fc vaccines drove strong neutralising antibody (nAb) responses and provided durable and highly protective immunity against lower and upper airway infection in mouse models of COVID-19. The 'beta variant' RBD vaccine, combined with MF59® adjuvant, induced strong protection in mice against the beta strain as well as the ancestral strain. Furthermore, when used as a heterologous third dose booster, the RBD-Fc vaccines combined with MF59® increased titres of nAb against other variants including alpha, delta, delta+, gamma, lambda, mu, and omicron BA.1, BA.2 and BA.5. INTERPRETATION These results demonstrated that an RBD-Fc protein subunit/MF59® adjuvanted vaccine can induce high levels of broadly reactive nAbs, including when used as a booster following prior immunisation of mice with whole ancestral-strain spike vaccines. This vaccine platform offers a potential approach to augment some of the currently approved vaccines in the face of emerging variants of concern, and it has now entered a phase I clinical trial. FUNDING This work was supported by grants from the Medical Research Future Fund (MRFF) (2005846), The Jack Ma Foundation, National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia (NHMRC; 1113293) and Singapore National Medical Research Council (MOH-COVID19RF-003). Individual researchers were supported by an NHMRC Senior Principal Research Fellowship (1117766), NHMRC Investigator Awards (2008913 and 1173871), Australian Research Council Discovery Early Career Research Award (ARC DECRA; DE210100705) and philanthropic awards from IFM investors and the A2 Milk Company.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgia Deliyannis
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Nicholas A Gherardin
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Chinn Yi Wong
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Samantha L Grimley
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - James P Cooney
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, Infectious Diseases & Immune Defence Division, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Samuel J Redmond
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Paula Ellenberg
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Kathryn C Davidson
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, Infectious Diseases & Immune Defence Division, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Francesca L Mordant
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Tim Smith
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Marianne Gillard
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Ester Lopez
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Julie McAuley
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Chee Wah Tan
- Duke NUS Medical School, Programme for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Singapore
| | - Jing J Wang
- Department of Immunology, Flinders University and SA Pathology, Flinders Medical Centre, Bedford Park, Adelaide, South Australia 5042, Australia
| | - Weiguang Zeng
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Mason Littlejohn
- Doherty Directorate, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Runhong Zhou
- Department of Microbiology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Jasper Fuk-Woo Chan
- Department of Microbiology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China; Centre for Virology, Vaccinology and Therapeutics, Hong Kong Science and Technology Park, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Zhi-Wei Chen
- Department of Microbiology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China; Centre for Virology, Vaccinology and Therapeutics, Hong Kong Science and Technology Park, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Airn E Hartwig
- Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Richard Bowen
- Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Jason M Mackenzie
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Elizabeth Vincan
- Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory (VIDRL) at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia; Department of Infectious Diseases, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Joseph Torresi
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Katherine Kedzierska
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Colin W Pouton
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Tom P Gordon
- Department of Immunology, Flinders University and SA Pathology, Flinders Medical Centre, Bedford Park, Adelaide, South Australia 5042, Australia
| | - Lin-Fa Wang
- Duke NUS Medical School, Programme for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Singapore
| | - Stephen J Kent
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Adam K Wheatley
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Sharon R Lewin
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia; Victorian Infectious Diseases Service, Royal Melbourne Hospital at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia; Department of Infectious Diseases, The Alfred Hospital and Monash University, Melbourne, 3010 Australia
| | - Kanta Subbarao
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia; WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Amy W Chung
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Marc Pellegrini
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, Infectious Diseases & Immune Defence Division, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Trent Munro
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Terry Nolan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia; Vaccine and Immunisation Research Group (VIRGo), Department of Infectious Disease, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, and Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Steven Rockman
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia; Seqirus, Vaccine Innovation Unit, Parkville, Victoria, 3052, Australia
| | - David C Jackson
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Damian F J Purcell
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Dale I Godfrey
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia.
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Kapoor R, Standaert B, Pezalla EJ, Demarteau N, Sutton K, Tichy E, Bungey G, Arnetorp S, Bergenheim K, Darroch-Thompson D, Meeraus W, Okumura LM, Tiene de Carvalho Yokota R, Gani R, Nolan T. Identification of an Optimal COVID-19 Booster Allocation Strategy to Minimize Hospital Bed-Days with a Fixed Healthcare Budget. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:vaccines11020377. [PMID: 36851254 PMCID: PMC9965991 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11020377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Healthcare decision-makers face difficult decisions regarding COVID-19 booster selection given limited budgets and the need to maximize healthcare gain. A constrained optimization (CO) model was developed to identify booster allocation strategies that minimize bed-days by varying the proportion of the eligible population receiving different boosters, stratified by age, and given limited healthcare expenditure. Three booster options were included: B1, costing US $1 per dose, B2, costing US $2, and no booster (NB), costing US $0. B1 and B2 were assumed to be 55%/75% effective against mild/moderate COVID-19, respectively, and 90% effective against severe/critical COVID-19. Healthcare expenditure was limited to US$2.10 per person; the minimum expected expense using B1, B2, or NB for all. Brazil was the base-case country. The model demonstrated that B1 for those aged <70 years and B2 for those ≥70 years were optimal for minimizing bed-days. Compared with NB, bed-days were reduced by 75%, hospital admissions by 68%, and intensive care unit admissions by 90%. Total costs were reduced by 60% with medical resource use reduced by 81%. This illustrates that the CO model can be used by healthcare decision-makers to implement vaccine booster allocation strategies that provide the best healthcare outcomes in a broad range of contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritika Kapoor
- Evidera, PPD Singapore, 08–11, 1 Fusionopolis Walk, Singapore 138628, Singapore
| | - Baudouin Standaert
- Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Hasselt, Agoralaan, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Edmund J. Pezalla
- Enlightenment Bioconsult, LLC, 140 S Beach Street, Suite 310, Daytona Beach, FL 32114, USA
| | | | | | | | - George Bungey
- Evidera, PPD the Ark, 2nd Floor, 201 Talgarth Road, London W6 8BJ, UK
| | - Sofie Arnetorp
- Health Economics & Payer Evidence, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, 431 83 Gothenberg, Sweden
| | - Klas Bergenheim
- Health Economics & Payer Evidence, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, 431 83 Gothenberg, Sweden
| | - Duncan Darroch-Thompson
- International Market Access, Vaccines and Immune Therapies, AstraZeneca, Singapore 339510, Singapore
| | - Wilhelmine Meeraus
- Medical Evidence, Vaccines and Immune Therapies, AstraZeneca, Cambridge CB2 8PA, UK
| | - Lucas M. Okumura
- Health Economics & Payer Evidence, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, São Paulo 06709-000, Brazil
| | - Renata Tiene de Carvalho Yokota
- Medical Evidence, Vaccines and Immune Therapies, AstraZeneca, Cambridge CB2 8PA, UK
- P95 Epidemiology & Pharmacovigilance, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ray Gani
- Evidera, PPD the Ark, 2nd Floor, 201 Talgarth Road, London W6 8BJ, UK
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +44-(0)-7720088940
| | - Terry Nolan
- The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
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Janssen R, McGirr A, Napier-Flood F, Leah A, Nolan T, Richmond P, Boyce T, Xie F, Godeaux O. 121. Safety, Tolerability, and Pertussis Immunogenicity Findings From a Randomized, Participant-Blinded, Active-Controlled, Dose-Escalating, Phase 1 Trial of a Tetanus/Diphtheria/Pertussis Booster Vaccine (Tdap-1018 CpG Adjuvanted) Compared With Boostrix in Healthy Adults Aged 18 to 22 Years. Open Forum Infect Dis 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofac492.199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Bordetella pertussis is a gram-negative bacterium causing the highly contagious respiratory infection pertussis in over 151 000 individuals annually worldwide. A tetanus/diphtheria/pertussis (Tdap) vaccine combined with CpG 1018 adjuvant (Tdap-1018) may induce higher antibody titers than existing aluminum-adjuvanted Tdap vaccines used as a booster in adults.
Methods
In this randomized, active-controlled, participant-blinded, phase 1 trial, healthy adults aged 18 to 22 years received 1 booster injection of Tdap-1018 (with same Tdap composition as in Boostrix and escalating CpG 1018 dose of 1500 µg and 3000 µg) or Boostrix on Day 1. Pertussis immunogenicity evaluations assessed booster response rates (BRRs) for anti-pertussis toxin (anti-PT), anti-filamentous hemagglutinin (anti-FHA), and anti-pertactin (anti-PRN) antibodies, and systems serology at Week 4 post-vaccination. Safety and tolerability were assessed for solicited local and systemic post-injection reactions for 7 days and unsolicited adverse events for 12 weeks after vaccination.
Results
Of the 87 enrolled adult participants, 84 had post-vaccination immunogenicity results. The median age was 19.0 years, 35% were men, and 83% were white. At Week 4, BRRs in the Tdap-1018 3000 µg group were statistically significantly higher (based on lower 95% confidence interval [CI] >0%) than the Boostrix group for anti-PT (difference in BRRs 22.2% [95% CI: 1.5%–42.8%]) and anti-PRN (22.2% [95% CI: 8.2%–40.9%]) antibodies, and similar for anti-FHA (14.8% [95% CI: -2.6%–33.9%]) antibodies (Table). Tdap-1018 1500 µg, Tdap-1018 3000 µg, and Boostrix were generally well tolerated with no observed safety concerns.
Conclusion
In this phase 1 trial, both dose levels of Tdap-1018 were generally well tolerated. Tdap-1018 3000 µg induced statistically significantly higher BRRs than Boostrix for anti-PT and anti-PRN, and a similar response for anti-FHA antibodies.
Disclosures
Robert Janssen, MD, Dynavax Technologies Corporation: employee|Dynavax Technologies Corporation: Stocks/Bonds Tammy Boyce, MEd, Dynavax Technologies Corporation: Employee|Dynavax Technologies Corporation: Stocks/Bonds Fang Xie, PhD, Dynavax Technologies Corporation: Employee|Dynavax Technologies Corporation: Stocks/Bonds Olivier Godeaux, MD, MPH, Dynavax: Advisor/Consultant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Janssen
- Dynavax Technologies Corporation , Emeryville, California
| | - Anthony McGirr
- Northern Beaches Clinical Research , Brookvale, New South Wales , Australia
| | - Fiona Napier-Flood
- Paratus Clinical Research Western Sydney , Blacktown, New South Wales , Australia
| | - Amber Leah
- Paratus Clinical Research Canberra , Bruce, Australian Capital Territory , Australia
| | - Terry Nolan
- The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute , Melbourne, Victoria , Australia
| | - Peter Richmond
- University of Western Australia School of Medicine, Perth’s Children Hospital , Nedlands, Western Australia , Australia
| | - Tammy Boyce
- Dynavax Technologies Corporation , Emeryville, California
| | - Fang Xie
- Dynavax Technologies Corporation , Emeryville, California
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Torresi J, Edeling MA, Nolan T, Godfrey DI. A Complementary Union of SARS-CoV2 Natural and Vaccine Induced Immune Responses. Front Immunol 2022; 13:914167. [PMID: 35911696 PMCID: PMC9326230 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.914167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Our understanding of the immune responses that follow SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination has progressed considerably since the COVID-19 pandemic was first declared on the 11th of March in 2020. Recovery from infection is associated with the development of protective immune responses, although over time these become less effective against new emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants. Consequently, reinfection with SARS-CoV-2 variants is not infrequent and has contributed to the ongoing pandemic. COVID-19 vaccines have had a tremendous impact on reducing infection and particularly the number of deaths associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection. However, waning of vaccine induced immunity plus the emergence of new variants has necessitated the use of boosters to maintain the benefits of vaccination in reducing COVID-19 associated deaths. Boosting is also beneficial for individuals who have recovered from COVID-19 and developed natural immunity, also enhancing responses immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 variants. This review summarizes our understanding of the immune responses that follow SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination, the risks of reinfection with emerging variants and the very important protective role vaccine boosting plays in both vaccinated and previously infected individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Torresi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Melissa A. Edeling
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Terry Nolan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Dale I. Godfrey
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
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Neil JA, Griffith M, Godfrey DI, Purcell DFJ, Deliyannis G, Jackson D, Rockman S, Subbarao K, Nolan T. Nonhuman primate models for evaluation of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines. Expert Rev Vaccines 2022; 21:1055-1070. [PMID: 35652289 DOI: 10.1080/14760584.2022.2071264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Evaluation of immunogenicity and efficacy in animal models provide critical data in vaccine development. Nonhuman primates (NHPs) have been used extensively in the evaluation of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines. AREAS COVERED A critical synthesis of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine development with a focus on challenge studies in NHPs is provided. The benefits and drawbacks of the NHP models are discussed. The citations were selected by the authors based on PubMed searches of the literature, summaries from national public health bodies, and press-release information provided by vaccine developers. EXPERT OPINION We identify several aspects of NHP models that limit their usefulness for vaccine-challenge studies and numerous variables that constrain comparisons across vaccine platforms. We propose that studies conducted in NHPs for vaccine development should use a standardized protocol and, where possible, be substituted with smaller animal models. This will ensure continued rapid progression of vaccines to clinical trials without compromising assessments of safety or efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica A Neil
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Maryanne Griffith
- Vaccine and Immunisation Research Group (VIRGo), Department of Infectious Diseases, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, the University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Dale I Godfrey
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Damian F J Purcell
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Georgia Deliyannis
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - David Jackson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Steve Rockman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.,Seqirus, Parkville, Australia
| | - Kanta Subbarao
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.,WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Terry Nolan
- Vaccine and Immunisation Research Group (VIRGo), Department of Infectious Diseases, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, the University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.,Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
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Postma M, Biundo E, Chicoye A, Devlin N, Mark Doherty T, Garcia-Ruiz AJ, Jaros P, Sheikh S, Toumi M, Wasem J, Beck E, Salisbury D, Nolan T. Capturing the value of vaccination within health technology assessment and health economics: Country analysis and priority value concepts. Vaccine 2022; 40:3999-4007. [PMID: 35597688 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2022.04.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A value of vaccination framework for economic evaluation (EE) identified unique value concepts for the broad benefits vaccination provides to individuals, society, healthcare systems and national economies. The objectives of this paper were to work with experts in developed countries to objectively identify three priority concepts to extend current EE. METHODS The previously developed classification of value concepts in vaccination distinguished 18 concepts, categorised as conventional payer and societal perspective concepts and novel broader societal concepts. Their inclusion in current EE guidelines was assessed. Experts identified eight criteria relevant to decision-making and measurement feasibility, which were weighted and used to score each concept. The relative ranking of concepts by importance and the gaps in guidelines were used to identify three priority concepts on which to focus immediate efforts to extend EE. RESULTS The EE guidelines review highlighted differences across countries and between guidelines and practice. Conventional payer perspective concepts (e.g., individual and societal health gains and medical costs) were generally included, while gaps were evident for conventional societal perspective concepts (e.g., family/caregiver health and economic gains). Few novel broader societal benefits were considered, and only in ad hoc cases. The top-three concepts for near-term consideration: macroeconomic gains (e.g., benefiting the economy, tourism), social equity and ethics (e.g., equal distribution of health outcomes, reduced health/financial equity gaps) and health systems strengthening, resilience and security (e.g., efficiency gains, reduced disruption, increased capacity). CONCLUSIONS Gaps, inconsistencies and limited assessment of vaccination value in EE can lead to differences in policy and vaccination access. The three priority concepts identified provide a feasible approach for capturing VoV more broadly in the near-term. Robust methods for measuring and valuing these concepts in future assessments will help strengthen the evidence used to inform decisions, improving access to vaccines that are demonstrably good value for money from society's point of view.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maarten Postma
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands; Department of Economics, Econometrics & Finance, University of Groningen, Faculty of Economics & Business, Groningen, the Netherlands; Department of Pharmacology & Therapy, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia; Center of Excellence in Higher Education for Pharmaceutical Care Innovation, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - David Salisbury
- Programme for Global Health, Royal Institute of International Affairs, Chatham House, London, United Kingdom.
| | - Terry Nolan
- University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.
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9
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Choi JH, Correia de Sousa J, Fletcher M, Gabutti G, Harrington L, Holden M, Kim H, Michel JP, Mukherjee P, Nolan T, Welte T, Maggi S. Improving vaccination rates in older adults and at-risk groups: focus on pertussis. Aging Clin Exp Res 2022; 34:1-8. [PMID: 35001333 PMCID: PMC8743159 DOI: 10.1007/s40520-021-02018-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Despite the implementation of effective paediatric vaccination programmes, pertussis remains a global health problem. Disease epidemiology has changed over time, shifting towards the adolescent and adult populations. In adults, the true burden of pertussis is greatly underestimated and pertussis vaccine coverage rates are suboptimal, including individuals with chronic conditions. Here, we report the outcomes of a virtual international scientific workshop to assess the evidence on the burden of pertussis in older adults and identify potential solutions to improve uptake of pertussis vaccines. In adults, pertussis is underdiagnosed in part due to atypical or milder clinical presentation and the lack of testing and case confirmation. However, contemporary epidemiological data denoted an increase in the burden of pertussis among adolescents and adults. This might be related to a variety of reasons including the waning of immunity over time, the lack of booster vaccination, and the improved diagnostic methods that led to increased recognition of the disease in adults. Pertussis sequelae can be severe in older adults, particularly those with existing chronic medical conditions, and the vulnerability of these groups is further enhanced by low pertussis vaccine coverage. Possible measures to increase vaccine uptake include strengthening and harmonisation of immunisation guidelines, healthcare professionals taking a more active role in recommending pertussis vaccination, involvement of vaccination centres and pharmacies in the vaccination process, and improving knowledge of pertussis burden and vaccine efficacy among the general population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Hyun Choi
- Catholic University of Eunpyeuong St. Mary's Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jaime Correia de Sousa
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's, PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães, Portugal
| | | | - Giovanni Gabutti
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Terry Nolan
- Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Tobias Welte
- Department of Pulmonary and Infectious Diseases, Hannover University School of Medicine, Hannover, Germany
- German Center for Lung Research, Hannover, Germany
| | - Stefania Maggi
- CNR Aging Branch, Institute of Neuroscience, Padua, Italy
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10
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McCauley J, Barr IG, Nolan T, Tsai T, Rockman S, Taylor B. The importance of influenza vaccination during the COVID-19 pandemic. Influenza Other Respir Viruses 2022; 16:3-6. [PMID: 34605171 PMCID: PMC8652850 DOI: 10.1111/irv.12917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic and the measures taken to mitigate its spread have had a dramatic effect on the circulation patterns of other respiratory viruses, most especially influenza viruses. Since April 2020, the global circulation of influenza has been markedly reduced; however, it is still present in a number of different countries and could pose a renewed threat in the upcoming Northern Hemisphere winter. Influenza vaccination remains the most effective preventive measure that we have at our disposal against influenza infections and should not be ignored for the 2021-2022 season.
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Affiliation(s)
- John McCauley
- Worldwide Influenza CentreThe Francis Crick InstituteLondonUK
| | - Ian G. Barr
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on InfluenzaVIDRLMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of MelbournePeter Doherty Institute for Infection and ImmunityMelbourneAustralia
| | - Terry Nolan
- Vaccine and Immunisation Research GroupPeter Doherty Institute for Infection and ImmunityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Melbourne Medical SchoolThe University of MelbourneParkvilleVictoriaAustralia
- Vaccine and Immunisation Research GroupMurdoch Children's Research InstituteParkvilleVictoriaAustralia
| | | | - Steven Rockman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of MelbournePeter Doherty Institute for Infection and ImmunityMelbourneAustralia
- Seqirus LtdParkvilleVictoriaAustralia
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11
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Arthur E, Ridgway E, Felix A, Nolan T, Xu M, Quick A, Jackson K, Krok-Schoen J. Depressive Symptoms, Quality of Life, and Survival in Older Women with Breast or Gynecologic Cancer. J Geriatr Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/s1879-4068(21)00379-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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12
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Vandermeulen C, Leroux-Roels I, Vandeleur J, Staniscia T, Girard G, Ferguson M, Icardi G, Schwarz TF, Neville AM, Nolan T, Cinquetti S, Akhund T, Van Huyneghem S, Aggravi M, Kunnel B, de Wergifosse B, Domenico GFD, Costantini M, Vir Singh P, Fragapane E, Lattanzi M, Pellegrini M. A new fully liquid presentation of MenACWY-CRM conjugate vaccine: Results from a multicentre, randomised, controlled, observer-blind study. Vaccine 2021; 39:6628-6636. [PMID: 34635373 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2021.09.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The currently licensed quadrivalent MenACWY-CRM conjugate vaccine presentation consists of two vials (lyophilised MenA and liquid MenCWY) to be reconstituted before injection. A new fully liquid formulation in a single vial has been developed to further improve the vaccine presentation. Since the MenA structure is subject to hydrolytic degradation, this study was conducted to compare the immunogenicity and safety of the investigational MenACWY-CRM liquid vaccine with the licensed vaccine. METHODS In this multicentre, randomised, controlled, observer-blind, phase 2b study, 979 healthy adults were administered a single dose of MenACWY-CRM liquid presentation or the currently licensed MenACWY-CRM vaccine. MenA free saccharide generation was accelerated to approximately 30% in the liquid presentation and MenA polysaccharide O-acetylation was reduced to approximately 40%, according to a controlled procedure. Immunological non-inferiority of the MenACWY-CRM liquid to the licensed vaccine, as measured by human serum bactericidal assay (hSBA) geometric mean titres (GMTs) against MenA 1 month post-vaccination, was the primary study objective. Safety assessment was among the secondary objectives. RESULTS Immune responses against each serogroup were similar between the two vaccine groups and was non-inferior for MenA. Adjusted hSBA GMTs for MenA were 185.16 and 211.33 for the MenACWY-CRM liquid presentation and currently licensed vaccine presentation, respectively. The between-group ratio of hSBA GMTs for MenA was 0.88, with a two-sided 95% confidence interval lower limit of 0.64, greater than the prespecified non-inferiority margin of 0.5, thus meeting the primary study objective. Both vaccines were well tolerated. No serious adverse events were considered related to vaccination. CONCLUSIONS The levels of MenA free saccharide and polysaccharide O-acetylation did not affect the immunogenicity of the fully liquid presentation, which was demonstrated to be non-inferior to the immunogenicity of the currently licensed MenACWY-CRM vaccine against MenA. The immunogenicity, reactogenicity and safety profiles of the two vaccine presentations were similar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corinne Vandermeulen
- Leuven University Vaccinology Centre, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, KU Leuven, Kapucijnenvoer 35, PO 7001, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Isabel Leroux-Roels
- Center for Vaccinology, Ghent University and Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - James Vandeleur
- Paratus Clinical Blacktown Clinic, Main Street, Blacktown, NSW 2148, Australia
| | - Tommaso Staniscia
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, 'G. d'Annunzio' University Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy.
| | - Ginette Girard
- Diex Research, 15 J.-A. Bombardier, Sherbrooke, Québec J1L 0H8, Canada.
| | - Murdo Ferguson
- Colchester Research Group, 68 Robie Street, Truro, Nova Scotia, Canada.
| | - Giancarlo Icardi
- Department of Health Sciences (Dissal), University of Genoa, and Hygiene Unit, IRCCS Policlinico San Martino Hospital, Genoa, Italy.
| | - Tino F Schwarz
- Klinikum Würzburg Mitte, Standort Juliusspital, Salvatorstr. 7, 97074 Würzburg, Germany.
| | - A Munro Neville
- AusTrials, Level 3, Westside Private Hospital, 32 Morrow St, Taringa, QLD 4068, Australia.
| | - Terry Nolan
- Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia; Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia.
| | - Sandro Cinquetti
- Public Health Department, Local Health Unit N. 2 'Marca Trevigiana', Treviso, Veneto Region, Italy.
| | - Tauseefullah Akhund
- GSK, Clinical Research and Development Centre, Via Fiorentina 1, Siena 53100, Italy.
| | - Sofie Van Huyneghem
- GSK, Regional Evidence Generation, Avenue Pascal 2, 4, 6, 1300 Wavre, Belgium.
| | - Marianna Aggravi
- GSK, Technical Development, Via Fiorentina 1, Siena 53100, Italy.
| | - Barry Kunnel
- GSK, Data Strategy & Management, Global Clinical Operations Development - R&D, Hullenbergweg 83-85, 1101CL Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | | | | | - Marco Costantini
- GSK, Biostatistics and Statistical Programming, Via Fiorentina 1, Siena 53100, Italy.
| | - Puneet Vir Singh
- GSK, Safety Evaluation and Risk Management, Via Fiorentina 1, Siena 53100, Italy.
| | - Elena Fragapane
- GSK, Clinical Research and Development Centre, Via Fiorentina 1, Siena 53100, Italy.
| | - Maria Lattanzi
- GSK, Clinical Research and Development Centre, Via Fiorentina 1, Siena 53100, Italy.
| | - Michele Pellegrini
- GSK, Clinical Research and Development Centre, Via Fiorentina 1, Siena 53100, Italy.
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13
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McHugh L, O'Grady KAF, Nolan T, Richmond PC, Wood N, Marshall HS, Lambert SB, Chatfield MD, Perrett KP, Binks P, Binks MJ, Andrews RM. National predictors of influenza vaccine uptake in pregnancy: the FluMum prospective cohort study, Australia, 2012-2015. Aust N Z J Public Health 2021; 45:455-461. [PMID: 34411398 DOI: 10.1111/1753-6405.13130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Ascertain predictors of inactivated influenza vaccine (IIV) uptake in pregnancy in mother-infant pairs from six Australian sites over four consecutive influenza seasons (2012-2015). METHODS Prospective observational cohort study calculating proportions of unvaccinated and vaccinated pregnancies. Multivariable logistic regression calculating adjusted odds ratios (aOR) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) to determine demographic, pregnancy and birth characteristics as predictors of IIV uptake in pregnancy. RESULTS Uptake of IIV was 36% (n=3,651/9,878) with only 3-4% during the first trimester. Validation of IIV receipt was obtained for 77% of vaccinated participants. Predictors of IIV uptake in pregnancy were: healthcare provider recommendation to have IIV during pregnancy (aOR 7.04 [95%CI 5.83-8.50]): GP (aOR 4.12 [95%CI 3.43-4.98]), obstetrician (aOR 4.41 [95%CI 3.45-5.64]), midwife (aOR 1.88 [95%CI 1.51-2.36]); previous IIV within 12 months of their current pregnancy (aOR 2.87 [95%CI 2.36-3.50]); and pertussis vaccination during the current pregnancy (aOR 4.88 [95%CI 4.08-5.83]). Conclusions and implications for public health: Healthcare provider discussions with pregnant women about the risks associated with influenza infection during pregnancy and early infancy and evidence about the safety and effectiveness of IIV are required. Recommending and offering IIV in pregnancy needs to be included in these discussions to improve uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa McHugh
- Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Northern Territory.,School of Public Health, The University of Queensland
| | - Kerry-Ann F O'Grady
- Australian Centre for Health Services Innovation, Centre for Healthcare Transformation, Queensland University of Technology
| | - Terry Nolan
- Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, and Murdoch Children's Research Institute
| | - Peter C Richmond
- Perth Children's Hospital, Wesfarmers Centre of Vaccines and Infectious Diseases, Telethon Kids Institute and Division of Paediatrics, University of Western Australia, New South Wales
| | - Nicholas Wood
- National Centre for Immunisation Research and Surveillance (NCIRS) and The Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, New South Wales
| | - Helen S Marshall
- Women's and Children's Health Network and Robinson Research Institute and Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, South Australia
| | - Stephen B Lambert
- Research School of Population Health, Australian National University, Australian Capital Territory
| | - Mark D Chatfield
- Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Northern Territory.,Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland
| | - Kirsten P Perrett
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital and Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Victoria
| | - Paula Binks
- Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Northern Territory
| | - Michael J Binks
- Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Northern Territory
| | - Ross M Andrews
- Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Northern Territory.,Research School of Population Health, Australian National University, Australian Capital Territory
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14
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Bayliss J, Nissen M, Prakash D, Richmond P, Oh KB, Nolan T. Control of vaccine preventable diseases in Australian infants: reviewing a decade of experience with DTPa-HBV-IPV/Hib vaccine. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2021; 17:176-190. [PMID: 32573398 PMCID: PMC7872029 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2020.1764826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The combined vaccine against diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis, hepatitis B, poliomyelitis, and Haemophilus influenzae b (DTPa-HBV-IPV/Hib, Infanrix Hexa, GSK) has been used for childhood immunization in Australia according to a two-, four-, six-month schedule since 2009. We reviewed data available in the Australian National Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System, annual vaccination coverage reports, the Database of Adverse Event Notifications, and peer-reviewed literature to assess vaccine coverage rates, incidence of all six vaccine preventable diseases, and the safety profile of DTPa-HBV-IPV/Hib vaccine in Australian infants over a period of ten years of exclusive use. Between 2009 and 2018 vaccine coverage for infants aged 12 months increased from 91.7% to 94.0% and from 84.9% to 92.6% for all and for Indigenous infants, respectively. Over the same time period, there were no reports of poliomyelitis, diphtheria or tetanus in infants <12 months of age. The incidence of hepatitis B among Australian infants <12 months of age remains 10 to 20-fold lower than the national average. Control of Haemophilus influenzae b (Hib) and pertussis disease has continued to be challenging. Timely administration of the primary series, as well as increasing coverage rates, particularly among Indigenous children, has contributed to improvements in Hib and pertussis disease control. The incorporation of additional strategies such as adjustment of the first vaccination encounter to six weeks of age, parental cocooning, and most recently maternal vaccination has further reduced the burden of pertussis, particularly during the first six months of life. The frequency of the ten most common adverse events related to the DTPa-HBV-IPV/Hib vaccine demonstrates an acceptable safety profile. Data collected over ten years of consistent, exclusive use of the DTPa-HBV-IPV/Hib vaccine in Australia highlights combination vaccination as a cornerstone in maintaining infant health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michael Nissen
- Scientific Affairs & Public Health, GSK, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Peter Richmond
- Division of Paediatrics and Centre for Child Health Research, University of Western Australia, Wesfarmers Centre of Vaccines and Infectious Diseases, Telethon Kids Institute, Perth Children’s Hospital, Perth, Australia
| | - Kyu-Bin Oh
- Medical Affairs, GSK, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Terry Nolan
- Vaccine and Immunisation Research Group (Virgo), University of Melbourne, School of Population and Global Health and Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
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15
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Pless IB, Smith R, Williamson A, Hayes M, Baker S, Rivara FP, Scott I, Nolan T. Twenty-five years ago. Inj Prev 2020; 26:505-508. [PMID: 33219161 DOI: 10.1136/injuryprev-2020-044067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Mike Hayes
- Child Accident Prevention Trust, London, UK
| | | | - Frederick P Rivara
- Harborview Injury Prevention and Research Center, University of Washington and Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Ian Scott
- The Alliance for Safe Children, Da Nang, Viet Nam
| | - Terry Nolan
- University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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16
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Martinón-Torres F, Halperin SA, Nolan T, Tapiero B, Perrett KP, de la Cueva IS, García-Sicilia J, Stranak Z, Vanderkooi OG, Kosina P, Virta M, Merino Arribas JM, Miranda-Valdivieso M, Arias Novas B, Bozensky J, Cilleruelo Ortega M, Ramos Amador JT, Baca M, Escribano PE, Zuccotti GV, Janota J, Marchisio PG, Kostanyan L, Meyer N, Ceregido MA, Cheuvart B, Kuriyakose SO, Mesaros N. Immunantwort auf die DTPa-HBV-IPV/Hib-Auffrischimpfung bei Kleinkindern von Müttern, die während der Schwangerschaft mit Tdap-Impfstoff geimpft worden waren: Folgestudie einer randomisierten, placebokontrollierten Studie. Geburtshilfe Frauenheilkd 2020. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1717189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- F Martinón-Torres
- Hospital Clínico Universitario de Santiago, Pediatría Clínica, Infectológica y Traslacional
| | - SA Halperin
- Dalhousie University, Canadian Center for Vaccinology
| | - T Nolan
- University of Melbourne, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute and Melbourne School of Population and Global Health
| | - B Tapiero
- Université de Montréal, CHU Sainte Justine
| | - KP Perrett
- University of Melbourne, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute and Melbourne School of Population and Global Health
| | - IS de la Cueva
- Instituto Hispalense de Pediatría, Unidad de Investigación
| | - J García-Sicilia
- Hospital Universitario Madrid Sanchinarro, Servicio de Pediatría
| | - Z Stranak
- Institute for the Care of Mother and Child, Neonatology Department
| | - OG Vanderkooi
- Alberta Children’s Hospital, University of Calgary, Departments of Pediatrics, Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious DiseasesPathology and Laboratory Medicine and Community Health Sciences, Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Community Health Sciences, Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institut
| | - P Kosina
- University Hospital, Department of Infectious Diseases
| | - M Virta
- Tampere University, Tampere Vaccine Research Center
| | | | | | - B Arias Novas
- Hospital Universitario Sanitas La Zarzuela, Servicio de Pediatría
| | - J Bozensky
- Vitkovice Hospital, Pediatrics Department
| | | | | | - M Baca
- Hospital Quiron Malaga, Departamento de Pediatría y Neonatología
| | | | - GV Zuccotti
- University of Milan, Ospedale dei Bambini Vittore Buzzi
| | - J Janota
- Thomayer Hospital Prague, Department of Neonatology
| | - PG Marchisio
- University of Milan, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico
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17
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McHugh L, Marshall HS, Perrett KP, Nolan T, Wood N, Lambert SB, Richmond P, Ware RS, Binks P, Binks MJ, Andrews RM. The Safety of Influenza and Pertussis Vaccination in Pregnancy in a Cohort of Australian Mother-Infant Pairs, 2012-2015: The FluMum Study. Clin Infect Dis 2020; 68:402-408. [PMID: 30475988 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciy517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 06/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Inactivated influenza vaccine (IIV) and pertussis vaccination are recommended in pregnancy. Limited safety data exist for women who received IIV vaccine during the first trimester of pregnancy or received both vaccines in pregnancy. We assessed adverse birth outcomes between vaccinated and unvaccinated pregnancies. Methods Among prospectively enrolled Australian "FluMum" participants (2012-2015), primary exposure was receipt and timing of IIV during pregnancy. Primary outcomes included preterm birth, low birthweight at term (LBWT), and small for gestational age (SGA). We compared birth outcomes for IIV in pregnancy with women unvaccinated in pregnancy using Cox proportional hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Adjusted HRs (aHRs) controlled for potential confounding variables. Sensitivity analyses were conducted in a subgroup of women who received pertussis vaccination during pregnancy to assess whether associations between IIV and adverse outcomes were maintained after adjusting for pertussis vaccination. Results Among 8827 participants in our study, women who received IIV in pregnancy did not have an elevated risk of an adverse birth outcome compared with unvaccinated pregnant women: preterm births (HR, 1.10 [95% CI, .92-1.31]; P = .28); LBWT (HR, 1.05 [95% CI, .76-1.44]; P = .77); or SGA (HR, 0.99 [95% CI, .86-1.15]; P = .94). Adjustment for pertussis vaccination during pregnancy yielded similar results: preterm births (aHR, 1.05 [95% CI, .82-1.34]; P = .69); LBWT (aHR, 0.81 [95% CI, .50-1.29]; P = .37); SGA (aHR, 0.92 [95% CI, .74-1.14]; P = .43). There was no evidence of elevated risk by trimester of IIV. Conclusions No significant associations were found between maternal IIV or pertussis vaccination in pregnancy and adverse birth outcomes, regardless of the trimester of pregnancy a vaccination was given compared to unvaccinated pregnancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa McHugh
- Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Tiwi, Northern Territory
| | - Helen S Marshall
- Women's and Children's Health Network, Robinson Research Institute and Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, South Australia
| | - Kirsten P Perrett
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital and School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Victoria
| | - Terry Nolan
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital and School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Victoria
| | - Nicholas Wood
- National Centre for Immunisation Research and Surveillance, Sydney Children's Hospitals Network, Discipline of Child and Adolescent Health, University of Sydney, New South Wales
| | - Stephen B Lambert
- Child Health Research Centre, School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane
| | - Peter Richmond
- University of Western Australia, Division of Paediatrics and Vaccine Trials Group, Wesfarmers Centre of Vaccines and Infectious Diseases, Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, Western Australia
| | - Robert S Ware
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Brisbane
| | - Paula Binks
- Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Tiwi, Northern Territory
| | - Michael J Binks
- Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Tiwi, Northern Territory
| | - Ross M Andrews
- Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Tiwi, Northern Territory.,National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
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Perrett KP, Halperin SA, Nolan T, Carmona Martínez A, Martinón-Torres F, García-Sicilia J, Virta M, Vanderkooi OG, Zuccotti GV, Manzoni P, Kostanyan L, Meyer N, Ceregido MA, Cheuvart B, Kuriyakose SO, Stranak Z, Merino Arribas JM, Cilleruelo Ortega MJ, Miranda-Valdivieso M, Arias Novas B, Ramos Amador JT, Omeñaca F, Baca M, Marchisio PG, Mesaros N. Impact of tetanus-diphtheria-acellular pertussis immunization during pregnancy on subsequent infant immunization seroresponses: follow-up from a large randomized placebo-controlled trial. Vaccine 2019; 38:2105-2114. [PMID: 31776027 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2019.10.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Revised: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pertussis immunization during pregnancy results in high pertussis antibody concentrations in young infants but may interfere with infant immune responses to post-natal immunization. METHODS This phase IV, multi-country, open-label study assessed the immunogenicity and safety of infant primary vaccination with DTaP-HepB-IPV/Hib and 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13). Enrolled infants (6-14 weeks old) were born to mothers who were randomized to receive reduced-antigen-content diphtheria-tetanus-three-component acellular pertussis vaccine (Tdap group) or placebo (control group) during pregnancy (270/7-366/7 weeks' gestation) with crossover immunization postpartum. All infants received 2 or 3 DTaP-HepB-IPV/Hib and PCV13 doses according to national schedules. Immunogenicity was assessed in infants pre- and 1 month post-primary vaccination. The primary objective was to assess seroprotection/vaccine response rates for DTaP-HepB-IPV/Hib antigens 1 month post-primary vaccination. RESULTS 601 infants (Tdap group: 296; control group: 305) were vaccinated. One month post-priming, seroprotection rates were 100% (diphtheria; tetanus), ≥98.5% (hepatitis B), ≥95.9% (polio) and ≥94.5% (Hib) in both groups. Vaccine response rates for pertussis antigens were significantly lower in infants whose mothers received pregnancy Tdap (37.5-77.1%) versus placebo (90.0-99.2%). Solicited and unsolicited adverse event rates were similar between groups. Serious adverse events occurred in 2.4% (Tdap group) and 5.6% (control group) of infants, none were vaccination-related. CONCLUSIONS Pertussis antibodies transferred during pregnancy may decrease the risk of pertussis infection in the first months of life but interfere with the infant's ability to produce pertussis antibodies, the clinical significance of which remains unknown. Safety and reactogenicity results were consistent with previous experience. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT02422264.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsten P Perrett
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute and Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Scott A Halperin
- Dalhousie University, Canadian Center for Vaccinology, Halifax, Canada.
| | - Terry Nolan
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute and Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.
| | | | - Federico Martinón-Torres
- Translational Pediatrics and Infectious Diseases, Pediatrics Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Santiago de Compostela and Genetics, Vaccines and Pediatrics Research Group, University of Santiago de Compostela, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
| | | | - Miia Virta
- Tampere Vaccine Research Center, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland.
| | - Otto G Vanderkooi
- Alberta Children's Hospital, University of Calgary, Alberta, Calgary, Canada.
| | | | - Paolo Manzoni
- Ospedale Ostetrico Ginecologico Sant'Anna, Turin, Italy and Department of Maternal-Infant -Pediatric Health, Hospital "Degli Infermi", Biella, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Zbynek Stranak
- Institute for the Care of Mother and Child, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Manuel Baca
- Hospital Quiron Malaga, Andalucia, Malaga, Spain.
| | - Paola Giovanna Marchisio
- Unità Pediatrica di Cure Altamente Intensive, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Lombardia, Milano, Italy.
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Martinón-Torres F, Nolan T, Toneatto D, Banzhoff A. Persistence of the immune response after 4CMenB vaccination, and the response to an additional booster dose in infants, children, adolescents, and young adults. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2019; 15:2940-2951. [PMID: 31246520 PMCID: PMC6930112 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2019.1627159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The multicomponent meningococcal serogroup B vaccine, 4CMenB, has demonstrated effectiveness in preventing invasive MenB disease in infants and in controlling MenB outbreaks. The need for/timing of additional booster doses is not yet established. We reviewed eight studies that evaluated antibody persistence and booster following primary 4CMenB vaccination of infants, children, adolescents, and young adults. Putative seroprotective hSBA titers for ≥1 vaccine antigen were maintained by 76-100% of children 24-36 months after priming during infancy and in 84-100% after priming in the second year of life. hSBA levels were higher in vaccinees at 4 and 7.5 years following priming during adolescence than in vaccine-naïve individuals of a similar age. Antibodies persisted at higher levels to NHBA and NadA than to PorA or fHbp. Booster vaccination induced robust anamnestic responses, demonstrating effective priming by 4CMenB across age-groups. These data can inform decision-making to optimize vaccination strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Martinón-Torres
- Translational Pediatrics and Infectious Diseases Section, Pediatrics Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Terry Nolan
- School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, and Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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20
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Nolan T, Booy R, Marshall HS, Richmond P, Nissen M, Ziegler JB, Baine Y, Traskine M, Jastorff A, Van der Wielen M. Immunogenicity and Safety of a Quadrivalent Meningococcal ACWY-tetanus Toxoid Conjugate Vaccine 6 Years After MenC Priming as Toddlers. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2019; 38:643-650. [PMID: 31116180 DOI: 10.1097/inf.0000000000002334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We assessed immunogenicity, antibody persistence and safety of the meningococcal serogroups A, C, W and Y-tetanus toxoid (TT) conjugate vaccine (MenACWY-TT) in children primed as toddlers with MenC vaccine. METHODS This open, multicenter extension study enrolled children 84-95 months of age who had received one dose of the combined Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib)-MenC-TT conjugate vaccine (HibMenC group) or Hib-TT and monovalent MenC (MCC)-CRM197 vaccines (Hib+MCC group) at 12-18 months of age, in the primary study. All participants received one dose of MenACWY-TT. We assessed immunogenicity against MenA, MenC, MenW and MenY at 1 month and 2 years postvaccination by serum bactericidal assay using baby rabbit complement (rSBA). Safety and reactogenicity were evaluated. RESULTS Six years post-MenC vaccination, <20% of children retained rSBA-MenC titers ≥1:8. At 1 month post-MenACWY-TT vaccination, vaccine response rates against all serogroups were high for both groups with ≥97.1% of children having rSBA ≥1:8. Two years postvaccination, ≥63.6% of children retained rSBA-MenA ≥1:8, and ≥87.9% for other serogroups. Geometric mean titers for all serogroups declined at 2 years post-MenACWY-TT vaccination, but remained ≥13 times higher than prevaccination levels. For both groups, pain (≤58.5%), redness (≤51.4%) and fatigue (≤27.0%) were the most frequently reported adverse events. No serious adverse events were reported. CONCLUSIONS One dose of MenACWY-TT boosts protection against MenC in primed children, is safe and extends protection against MenA, MenW and MenY. Immunogenicity and safety were comparable in infants vaccinated with conjugated vaccine (HibMenC-TT) or the separate vaccines (Hib-TT and MCC-CRM197).
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Affiliation(s)
- Terry Nolan
- From the Vaccine and Immunisation Research Group, University of Melbourne School of Population and Global Health and Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria
| | - Robert Booy
- National Centre for Immunisation Research and Surveillance (NCIRS), The Children's Hospital at Westmead, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales
| | - Helen S Marshall
- Adelaide Medical School and Robinson Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide.,Vaccinology and Immunology Research Trials Unit, Women's and Children's Health Network, Adelaide, South Australia
| | - Peter Richmond
- Division of Paediatrics, University of Western Australia School of Medicine, Perth, Western Australia.,Vaccine Trials Group, Wesfarmers Centre of Vaccines and Infectious Diseases, Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, Western Australia
| | - Michael Nissen
- Children's Hospital, University of Adelaide, Adelaide.,Royal Children's Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland
| | - John B Ziegler
- Sydney Children's Hospital, Randwick and School of Women's & Children's Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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21
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Wood N, Nolan T, McIntyre P. Extending Antenatal Pertussis Immunization to Second Trimester or At-Birth Pertussis Immunization of Premature Infants?-Reply. JAMA Pediatr 2019; 173:295. [PMID: 30688976 DOI: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2018.5142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Wood
- National Centre for Immunisation Research and Surveillance of Vaccine Preventable Diseases, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, Australia.,The University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Terry Nolan
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Peter McIntyre
- National Centre for Immunisation Research and Surveillance of Vaccine Preventable Diseases, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, Australia.,The University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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Rowe SL, Stephens N, Cowie BC, Nolan T, Leder K, Cheng AC. Use of data linkage to improve communicable disease surveillance and control in Australia: existing practices, barriers and enablers. Aust N Z J Public Health 2018; 43:33-40. [PMID: 30516306 DOI: 10.1111/1753-6405.12846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2018] [Revised: 07/01/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To review the use of data linkage by Australian state and territory communicable disease control units, and to identify barriers to and enablers of data linkage to inform communicable disease surveillance and control activities. METHODS Semi-structured telephone interviews were carried out with one key informant from communicable disease control units in all eight Australian states and territories between October 2017 and January 2018. RESULTS Key informants from all Australian states and territories participated in the interview. A variety of existing practices were identified, with few jurisdictions making systematic use of available data linkage infrastructure. Key barriers identified from the review included: a lack of perceived need; system factors; and resources. Existing regulatory tools enable data linkage to enhance communicable disease surveillance and control. CONCLUSIONS We identified considerable variation in the use of data linkage to inform communicable disease surveillance and control activities between jurisdictions. We suggest that routinely collected, disparate data are systematically integrated into existing surveillance and response policy cycle to improve communicable disease prevention and control efforts. Implications for public health: Existing gaps in communicable disease surveillance data may affect prevention and control efforts. Data linkage is recognised as a valuable method to close surveillance gaps and should be used to enhance the value of publicly held health data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stacey L Rowe
- Department of Health and Human Services, Health Protection Branch, Victoria.,School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Victoria
| | - Nicola Stephens
- Department of Health and Human Services, Health Protection Branch, Victoria
| | - Benjamin C Cowie
- Department of Health and Human Services, Health Protection Branch, Victoria.,Doherty Institute for Immunity and Infection, WHO Collaborating Centre for Viral Hepatitis, Victoria
| | - Terry Nolan
- Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Victoria
| | - Karin Leder
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Victoria
| | - Allen C Cheng
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Victoria
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Nolan T, O’Ryan M, Santolaya ME, De Looze F, Marshall H, Richmond P, Henein S, Rheault P, Heaton K, Perrett K, Garfield H, Gupta A, Ferguson M, D’Agostino D, Toneatto D. 152. Protective Antibody Levels 7.5 Years After Primary Vaccination in Adolescence With a Recombinant, 4-Component, Meningococcal Serogroup B Vaccine (4CMenB) and Response to a Booster Dose in Adolescents and Young Adults: Phase IIIb Clinical Findings. Open Forum Infect Dis 2018. [PMCID: PMC6252687 DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofy209.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background 4CMenB has been shown to be immunogenic with an acceptable safety profile in infants and young adolescents. However, no data on long-term persistence after primary vaccination in adolescents are available. This is the first study to assess antibody persistence, booster response, and safety of 4CMenB in adolescents and young adults up to 7.5 years following the primary vaccination in adolescence. Methods This phase 3b, open-label, extension study (NCT02446743) assessed the antibody persistence and booster response at 4 years (Canada and Australia, NCT01423084) or 7.5 years (Chile, NCT00661713) after primary vaccination with 4CMenB (following 0 + 1-, 0 + 2-, or 0 + 6-month schedules), compared with vaccine-naïve (VN), healthy controls. Chilean follow-on (FO) and VN participants aged 18–24 years received either a booster dose of 4CMenB 7.5 years postprimary series (Group FO, N = 131) or 2 primary doses, 1 month apart (Group VN, N = 150). Immunogenicity was measured using human serum bactericidal antibody assay (hSBA) against antigen-specific strains. Immune response was evaluated 1 month post-booster vaccination and compared with VN controls at 1 month post-first dose. Kinetics of antibody responses were measured at 3, 7, and 30 days post-vaccination. Safety was assessed. Results Antibody levels waned at 7.5 years postprimary vaccination in Group FO, but were higher than in Group VN at baseline, for all antigens except NHBA (table). At 1 month post-booster/post-first dose, 93–100% (Group FO) and 62–93% (Group VN) of participants had hSBA titres ≥4; GMTs ranged between 41 and 1,951 (Group FO) and 9.43–46 (Group VN) (table). The percentages of FO participants with hSBA titres ≥4 remained similar to prebooster for all 4 antigens at 3 days, increased at 7 days, and remained unchanged or increased further 30 days post-booster. The reactogenicity of 4CMenB was consistent with previous observations in this age group; no safety concerns were identified during the study. ![]()
Conclusion Antibody levels in adolescents and young adults declined at 7.5 years after a 2-dose primary series of 4CMenB, but were higher than baseline levels in VN controls. An additional dose of 4CMenB elicited strong anamnestic responses—substantially higher than 1 dose in VN controls. Funding: GlaxoSmithKline Biologicals SA. Disclosures T. Nolan, GSK: Research Contractor and Scientific Advisor, Research grant. Pfizer: Research Contractor, Research grant. M. O’Ryan, GSK: Investigator, Research support. F. De Looze, GSK: Investigator and Research Contractor, Research grant and Research support. H. Marshall, Pfizer: Grant Investigator and Investigator, Research grant. GSK: Grant Investigator and Investigator, Research grant. P. Richmond, GSK: Grant Investigator and Scientific Advisor, Grant recipient. S. Henein, SKDS Research Inc.: Investigator, Research payment. K. Heaton, Devonshire Clinical Research Inc.: Investigator, Research payment. M. Ferguson, GSK: Investigator, Salary from independent research clinic,CRG. D. D’Agostino, GSK: Employee, Salary. D. Toneatto, GSK: Employee and Shareholder, Salary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terry Nolan
- University of Melbourne and Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Miguel O’Ryan
- Microbiology and Immunology Program/Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University Of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - María Elena Santolaya
- Hospital Dr Luis Calvo Mackenna, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Helen Marshall
- University of Adelaide and Women’s and Children’s Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Peter Richmond
- University of Western Australia School of Paediatrics and Child Health and Vaccine Trials Group, Telethon Kids Institute, Princess Margaret Hospital for Children, Perth, Australia
| | - Sam Henein
- SKDS Research Inc. Newmarket, Newmarket, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Ken Heaton
- Devonshire Clinical Research Inc., Woodstock, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kirsten Perrett
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, University of Melbourne and Royal Children’s Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Hartley Garfield
- The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Anil Gupta
- The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Arabena K, Armstrong F, Berry H, Brooks P, Capon T, Crabb B, Demaio A, Doherty P, Lewin S, Lo S, Lopez A, McMichael C, McPake B, Moodie R, Nolan T, Ruff T, Sainsbury P, Selvey L, Shearman D, Stanley F, Talley NJ, Watts N. Australian health professionals' statement on climate change and health. Lancet 2018; 392:2169-2170. [PMID: 30497656 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(18)32610-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kerry Arabena
- Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | | | - Helen Berry
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Peter Brooks
- Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Tony Capon
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | | | - Alessandro Demaio
- Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Peter Doherty
- Doherty Institute, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Sharon Lewin
- Doherty Institute, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Selina Lo
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; The Lancet, London, UK.
| | - Alan Lopez
- Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Celia McMichael
- School of Geography, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Barbara McPake
- Nossal Institute for Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Rob Moodie
- Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Terry Nolan
- Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Tilman Ruff
- Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; International Physicians for the Prevention of Nuclear War, Malden, MA, USA
| | | | - Linda Selvey
- University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - David Shearman
- University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia; Doctors for the Environment Australia, College Park, SA, Australia
| | - Fiona Stanley
- University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | | | - Nick Watts
- Institute for Global Health, University College London, London, UK; Lancet Countdown for Climate Change and Health, London, UK
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Wood N, Nolan T, Marshall H, Richmond P, Gibbs E, Perrett K, McIntyre P. Immunogenicity and Safety of Monovalent Acellular Pertussis Vaccine at Birth: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Pediatr 2018; 172:1045-1052. [PMID: 30208475 PMCID: PMC6248137 DOI: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2018.2349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE An alternative option to maternal vaccination to prevent severe pertussis in infants is vaccination at birth. Data are needed on the immunogenicity and safety of a birth dose of monovalent acellular pertussis (aP) vaccine. OBJECTIVE To compare IgG antibody responses to vaccine antigens at 6, 10, 24, and 32 weeks of age between newborn infants receiving the aP vaccine and hepatitis B vaccine (HBV) or HBV alone. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS A randomized clinical trial was conducted at 4 sites in Australia (Sydney, Melbourne, Adelaide, and Perth) between June 11, 2010, and March 14, 2013, among 440 healthy term (>36 weeks' gestation) infants aged less than 5 days at recruitment. Statistical analysis was performed from March 1, 2015, to June 2, 2016. INTERVENTION Newborns received HBV and, after stratification by maternal receipt of adult-formulated aP-containing vaccine (tetanus toxoid, reduced diphtheria toxoid, and pertussis antigen content [Tdap]) prior to pregnancy, were block randomized to receive the aP vaccine (without diphtheria or tetanus) within 5 days of birth or not. At 6, 16, and 24 weeks, infants received a hexavalent vaccine with pediatric-formulated diphtheria, tetanus and pertussis antigens (DTaP), Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib), HBV, and polio vaccine, as well as the 10-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Detectable (>5 enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay units per milliliter) and geometric mean concentrations of IgG antibody to pertussis toxin (PT), pertactin, and filamentous hemagglutinin at 6, 10, and 24 weeks stratified by maternal Tdap history, and antibody at 32 weeks to HBV, Hib, polio, diphtheria, tetanus, and pneumococcal serotypes. The primary outcome was detectable IgG to both PT and pertactin at 10 weeks. RESULTS A total of 440 infants (207 girls and 233 boys; median gestation, 39.2 weeks) were randomized to receive the aP vaccine plus HBV (n = 221) or HBV only (control group; n = 219). At 10 weeks, 192 of 206 infants who received the aP vaccine (93.2%) had detectable antibodies to both PT and pertactin vs 98 of 193 infants in the control group (50.8%) (P < .001), with the geometric mean concentration for PT IgG 4-fold higher among the group that received the aP vaccine. At age 32 weeks, all infants (n = 181 with sera available for testing) who received the aP vaccine at birth had detectable PT IgG and significantly lower IgG geometric mean concentrations for Hib, hepatitis B, diphtheria, and tetanus antibodies. Local and systemic adverse events were similar between both groups at all time points. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE The monovalent aP vaccine is immunogenic and safe in neonates and, if licensed and available, would be valuable for newborns whose mothers did not receive the Tdap vaccine during pregnancy. TRIAL REGISTRATION http://anzctr.org.au Identifier: ACTRN12609000905268.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Wood
- National Centre for Immunisation Research and Surveillance of Vaccine Preventable Diseases, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia,The Children’s Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia,The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Terry Nolan
- School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia,Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Helen Marshall
- Vaccinology and Immunology Research Trials Unit, Women’s and Children’s Health Network, North Adelaide, South Australia, Australia,Robinson Research Institute and Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Peter Richmond
- University of Western Australia, Division of Paediatrics and Vaccine Trials Group, Wesfarmers Centre of Vaccines and Infectious Diseases, Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Emma Gibbs
- National Health and Medical Research Council Clinical Trials Centre, University of Sydney, Camperdown and Darlington, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Kirsten Perrett
- School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia,Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia,The Royal Children’s Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Peter McIntyre
- National Centre for Immunisation Research and Surveillance of Vaccine Preventable Diseases, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia,The Children’s Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia,The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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Nolan T. Dermatology on the General Practice Bookshelf. Br J Dermatol 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/bjd.17011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- T. Nolan
- Brockwell Park Surgery; 117 Norwood Road London SE24 9AE U.K
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Nolan T, Garfield H, Gupta A, Ferguson M, Marshall H, D’Agostino D, Toneatto D. Persistence of Bactericidal Activity at 4 Years After 2 Primary Doses of a Recombinant, 4-Component, Meningococcal Serogroup B Vaccine (4CMenB) and Response to a Booster Dose in Adolescents and Young Adults. Open Forum Infect Dis 2017. [PMCID: PMC5632200 DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofx163.757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This phase 3b, open label, controlled, multi-center, extension study (NCT02446743) assessed the persistence of bactericidal activity at 4 years post-primary vaccination with a recombinant, 4-component, meningococcal serogroup B vaccine (4CMenB) in adolescents who participated in the parent study NCT01423084 and their response to a booster dose, compared with that in vaccine-naïve healthy controls. Methods Adolescents and young adults previously primed with 4CMenB (2 doses; following a 0,1-month schedule) in study NCT01423084 (group 3B) and vaccine-naïve 15–22 year olds (group B0_1) were enrolled. Group 3B received a booster dose of 4CMenB at 4 years post-primary vaccination; group B0_1 received 2 catch-up doses of 4CMenB (following a 0,1-month schedule). Antibody persistence (primary objective) was evaluated at 4 years post-primary vaccination (in group 3B) vs. baseline (in group B0_1) using human serum bactericidal assay (hSBA), in terms of geometric mean titer (GMT) and percentage (%) of individuals with hSBA titer at least 4. Immune responses at 1 month after booster dose (in group 3B) vs. those at 1 month after first dose (in group B0_1) were also assessed. Results In group 3B, antibody levels declined from 1 month to 4 years post-primary vaccination against all antigens except NHBA, but were higher than in group B0_1 at baseline (Table), with a GMT ratio ≥1.3 and a difference in % of individuals with hSBA titer at least 4 of ≥9%. After one dose of 4CMenB (booster in 3B or first dose in B0_1), GMTs increased (≥4.6-fold in group 3B; ≥2.3-fold in group B0_1), and ≥94% of participants in group 3B and ≥41% of participants in group B0_1 had hSBA titer at least 4 (Table). Conclusion Antibody levels in adolescents and young adults primed with 4CMenB waned over time but were higher at 4 years post-primary vaccination than for vaccine-naïve individuals at baseline. A booster dose of 4CMenB in vaccine-primed individuals elicited higher immune responses than one dose of 4CMenB in vaccine-naïve individuals. The research was supported by GlaxoSmithKline Biologicals SA. Disclosures T. Nolan, GSK group of companies: Research Contractor and Scientific Advisor, Research grant. Pfizer: Research Contractor, Research grant. H. Garfield, Novartis/GSK group of companies: Investigator, Research support. A. Gupta, Novartis/GSK group of companies: Investigator, payment for research-related activities; M. Ferguson, GSK group of companies: Investigator, I receive salary from CRG. CRG has contracts with GSK. H. Marshall, GSK group of companies: Grant Investigator and Investigator, Research grant. Pfizer: Grant Investigator and Investigator, Research grant; sanofi pasteur: Grant Investigator, Research grant. Novavax: Investigator, Research grant. D. D’Agostino, GSK group of companies: Consultant, Consulting fee. D. Toneatto, GSK group of companies: Employee, Salary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terry Nolan
- University of Melbourne and Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Anil Gupta
- University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Helen Marshall
- University of Adelaide and Women’s and Children’s Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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Taylor S, Lopez P, Weckx L, Borja-Tabora C, Ulloa-Gutierrez R, Lazcano-Ponce E, Kerdpanich A, Angel Rodriguez Weber M, Mascareñas de Los Santos A, Tinoco JC, Safadi MAP, Lim FS, Hernandez-de Mezerville M, Faingezicht I, Cruz-Valdez A, Feng Y, Li P, Durviaux S, Haars G, Roy-Ghanta S, Vaughn DW, Nolan T. Respiratory viruses and influenza-like illness: Epidemiology and outcomes in children aged 6 months to 10 years in a multi-country population sample. J Infect 2016; 74:29-41. [PMID: 27667752 PMCID: PMC7112512 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2016.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2015] [Revised: 06/01/2016] [Accepted: 09/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Better population data on respiratory viruses in children in tropical and southern hemisphere countries is needed. METHODS The epidemiology of respiratory viruses among healthy children (6 months to <10 years) with influenza-like illness (ILI) was determined in a population sample derived from an influenza vaccine trial (NCT01051661) in 17 centers in eight countries (Australia, South East Asia and Latin America). Active surveillance for ILI was conducted for approximately 1 year (between February 2010 and August 2011), with PCR analysis of nasal and throat swabs. RESULTS 6266 children were included, of whom 2421 experienced 3717 ILI episodes. Rhinovirus/enterovirus had the highest prevalence (41.5%), followed by influenza (15.8%), adenovirus (9.8%), parainfluenza and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) (both 9.7%), coronavirus (5.6%), human metapneumovirus (5.5%) and human bocavirus (HBov) (2.0%). Corresponding incidence per 100 person-years was 29.78, 11.34, 7.03, 6.96, 6.94, 4.00, 3.98 and 1.41. Except for influenza, respiratory virus prevalence declined with age. The incidence of medically-attended ILI associated with viral infection ranged from 1.03 (HBov) to 23.69 (rhinovirus/enterovirus). The percentage of children missing school or daycare ranged from 21.4% (HBov) to 52.1% (influenza). CONCLUSIONS Active surveillance of healthy children provided evidence of respiratory illness burden associated with several viruses, with a substantial burden in older children.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pio Lopez
- Centro de Estudios en Infectologia Pediatrica, Cali, Colombia
| | - Lily Weckx
- Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Charissa Borja-Tabora
- Research Institute for Tropical Medicine, Department of Health, Alabang, Muntinlupa City, Philippines
| | | | | | - Angkool Kerdpanich
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Phramongkutklao Hospital, Thailand
| | | | | | | | - Marco Aurelio P Safadi
- Faculdade de Ciências Médicas da Santa Casa de São Paulo and Associação Fundo de Incentivo à Pesquisa, Department of Pediatrics, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fong Seng Lim
- National Healthcare Group Polyclinics, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Idis Faingezicht
- Instituto Costarricense de Investigaciones Clínicas, San José, Costa Rica
| | | | | | - Ping Li
- GSK Vaccines, King of Prussia, PA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Terry Nolan
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute and Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Carlton, Victoria, Australia
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Mcbride WJH, Abhayaratna WP, Barr I, Booy R, Carapetis J, Carson S, De Looze F, Ellis-Pegler R, Heron L, Karrasch J, Marshall H, Mcvernon J, Nolan T, Rawlinson W, Reid J, Richmond P, Shakib S, Basser RL, Hartel GF, Lai MH, Rockman S, Greenberg ME. Efficacy of a trivalent influenza vaccine against seasonal strains and against 2009 pandemic H1N1: A randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Vaccine 2016; 34:4991-4997. [PMID: 27595443 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2016.08.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2016] [Revised: 07/31/2016] [Accepted: 08/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Before pandemic H1N1 vaccines were available, the potential benefit of existing seasonal trivalent inactivated influenza vaccines (IIV3s) against influenza due to the 2009 pandemic H1N1 influenza strain was investigated, with conflicting results. This study assessed the efficacy of seasonal IIV3s against influenza due to 2008 and 2009 seasonal influenza strains and against the 2009 pandemic H1N1 strain. METHODS This observer-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study enrolled adults aged 18-64years during 2008 and 2009 in Australia and New Zealand. Participants were randomized 2:1 to receive IIV3 or placebo. The primary objective was to demonstrate the efficacy of IIV3 against laboratory-confirmed influenza. Participants reporting an influenza-like illness during the period from 14days after vaccination until 30 November of each study year were tested for influenza by real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS Over a study period of 2years, 15,044 participants were enrolled (mean age±standard deviation: 35.5±14.7years; 54.4% female). Vaccine efficacy of the 2008 and 2009 IIV3s against influenza due to any strain was 42% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 30%, 52%), whereas vaccine efficacy against influenza due to the vaccine-matched strains was 60% (95% CI: 44%, 72%). Vaccine efficacy of the 2009 IIV3 against influenza due to the 2009 pandemic H1N1 strain was 38% (95% CI: 19%, 53%). No vaccine-related deaths or serious adverse events were reported. Solicited local and systemic adverse events were more frequent in IIV3 recipients than placebo recipients (local: IIV3 74.6% vs placebo 20.4%, p<0.001; systemic: IIV3 46.6% vs placebo 39.1%, p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS The 2008 and 2009 IIV3s were efficacious against influenza due to seasonal influenza strains and the 2009 IIV3 demonstrated moderate efficacy against influenza due to the 2009 pandemic H1N1 strain. Funded by CSL Limited, ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT00562484.
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Affiliation(s)
- William J H Mcbride
- James Cook University, Cairns Hospital Clinical School, Cairns, Queensland 4870, Australia.
| | - Walter P Abhayaratna
- Academic Unit of Internal Medicine, Canberra Hospital, Woden, Australian Capital Territory 2606, Australia; ANU College of Medicine, Biology and Environment, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 0200, Australia.
| | - Ian Barr
- World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, North Melbourne, Victoria 3051, Australia.
| | - Robert Booy
- National Centre for Immunisation Research and Surveillance of Vaccine Preventable Diseases, The University of Sydney and The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, New South Wales 2145, Australia.
| | - Jonathan Carapetis
- Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Northern Territory 0810, Australia.
| | - Simon Carson
- Southern Clinical Trials Ltd, Christchurch 8013, New Zealand.
| | - Ferdinandus De Looze
- Trialworks Clinical Research Pty Ltd and Discipline of General Practice, School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4067, Australia.
| | | | - Leon Heron
- National Centre for Immunisation Research and Surveillance of Vaccine Preventable Diseases, The University of Sydney and The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, New South Wales 2145, Australia.
| | - Jeff Karrasch
- Redcliffe Hospital, Redcliffe, Queensland 4020, Australia.
| | - Helen Marshall
- Vaccinology and Immunology Research Trials Unit (VIRTU), Women's and Children's Hospital, Robinson Research Institute and School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5006, Australia.
| | - Jodie Mcvernon
- Vaccine and Immunization Research Group, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, and Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia.
| | - Terry Nolan
- Vaccine and Immunization Research Group, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, and Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia.
| | - William Rawlinson
- South Eastern Sydney and Illawarra Area Health Service and University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia.
| | - Jim Reid
- Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand.
| | - Peter Richmond
- University of Western Australia, School of Paediatrics and Child Health, Princess Margaret Hospital for Children, Perth, Western Australia 6872, Australia
| | - Sepehr Shakib
- Discipline of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5001, Australia.
| | - Russell L Basser
- Clinical Research and Development, CSL Limited, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia.
| | - Gunter F Hartel
- Clinical Research and Development, CSL Limited, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia.
| | - Michael H Lai
- Clinical Research and Development, CSL Limited, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia.
| | - Steven Rockman
- Clinical Research and Development, CSL Limited, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia.
| | - Michael E Greenberg
- Clinical Research and Development, CSL Limited, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia.
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Wilder-Smith A, Vannice KS, Hombach J, Farrar J, Nolan T. Population Perspectives and World Health Organization Recommendations for CYD-TDV Dengue Vaccine. J Infect Dis 2016; 214:1796-1799. [DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiw341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2016] [Accepted: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Wong E, Steele E, Johnson S, Proimos J, Batterham A, Nolan T, Waters E. Socioeconomic and health factors associated with kindergarten retention in Australian children. J Paediatr Child Health 2016; 52:296-302. [PMID: 26697950 DOI: 10.1111/jpc.13014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIM We aimed to identify key socioeconomic and health factors that are associated with a child's likelihood of being retained in kindergarten prior to commencing first year of school in Australian children. METHODS We used data linked from the School Entrant Health Questionnaire administered to children commencing school in 2012 (N = 42 002). Kindergarten retention here is defined by children accessing a second year of funded kindergarten prior to commencing school. We used logistic regression analysis to estimate the strength of associations between a range of socioeconomic and health factors to the likelihood of kindergarten retention. RESULTS Of the 25 289 children included in our analysis, 903 (3.6%) had a second year of funded kindergarten prior to commencing school. In comparison, 1680 children out of 42 002 in the Kinder-School Entrant Health Questionnaire dataset had a second year of funded kindergarten (4.0%). From our final regression model, the highest association was found in children whose parents reported a history of speech and language difficulties (odds ratio 2.25, 95% confidence interval (1.91-2.66)) (adjusting for a range of demographic, health and developmental factors). Similarly, children from an indigenous background were twice as likely to be retained in kindergarten compared with those with a non-indigenous background (odds ratio 2.06 (1.17-3.64)). CONCLUSION This analysis adds to the evidence base that children who are more socially disadvantaged as well as children with health difficulties, particularly speech and language difficulties, are more likely to be retained in kindergarten.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelyn Wong
- The Jack Brockhoff Child Health & Wellbeing Program, Centre for Health Equity, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Emily Steele
- The Jack Brockhoff Child Health & Wellbeing Program, Centre for Health Equity, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Shae Johnson
- The Jack Brockhoff Child Health & Wellbeing Program, Centre for Health Equity, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jenny Proimos
- Department of Education, and Training, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Angela Batterham
- Department of Education, and Training, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Terry Nolan
- The Jack Brockhoff Child Health & Wellbeing Program, Centre for Health Equity, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Elizabeth Waters
- The Jack Brockhoff Child Health & Wellbeing Program, Centre for Health Equity, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Wood N, Nolan T, Marshall H, Richmond P, Gibbs E, Gebski V, Mcintyre P. High and Persistent Antibody Responses to Monovalent Acellular Pertussis Vaccine at Birth: A Large Randomised Controlled Trial. Open Forum Infect Dis 2015. [DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofv131.158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Kremer P, de Silva A, Cleary J, Santoro G, Weston K, Steele E, Nolan T, Waters E. Normative data for the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire for young children in Australia. J Paediatr Child Health 2015; 51:970-5. [PMID: 25872585 DOI: 10.1111/jpc.12897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIM The aim of this study was to report normative data for the parent-reported Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) from a large population cohort of young children aged 4-6 years from Victoria, Australia, to establish age- and sex-specific cut-off values for future use, and to determine the scale reliability of the SDQ for children aged 4-6 years. METHODS Parents of children (n = 53 372) entering their first year of school in Victoria in 2010 completed a survey via a 15-page School Entrant Health Questionnaire reporting on the physical and emotional well-being of their child (including the SDQ), use of child health and other support services, and a range of socio-demographic variables. Reliability was assessed and norms generated. Appropriate cut-off values for each SDQ scale and total difficulties scale were generated for each age group separately for each sex. RESULTS The five scales of the SDQ and total difficulties scale generally had acceptable internal reliability. Mean SDQ scale scores differed for both sex and age, although only a narrow age range is examined in this study. Cut-off values were marginally higher for girls (lower for prosocial) and generally increased with age. CONCLUSIONS This study has utilised a large Australian population sample of children to generate age- and sex-specific cut-off values that define SDQ scores as 'normal', 'borderline' or 'abnormal' for Australian children aged 4-6 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Kremer
- Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Andrea de Silva
- Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Dental Health Services Victoria, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Joyce Cleary
- Department of Education and Training, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Giuseppe Santoro
- Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Karen Weston
- Department of Education and Training, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Emily Steele
- Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Terry Nolan
- Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Elizabeth Waters
- Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Nolan T, O’Ryan M, Wassil J, Abitbol V, Dull P. Vaccination with a multicomponent meningococcal B vaccine in prevention of disease in adolescents and young adults. Vaccine 2015; 33:4437-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2015.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2014] [Revised: 04/16/2015] [Accepted: 06/02/2015] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
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Steele E, Wong E, Karahalios A, Johnson S, Weston K, Kremer P, de Silva A, Davis E, Nolan T, Waters E. The Influence of Social Disadvantage on Children's Emotional and Behavioral Difficulties at Age 4-7 Years. J Pediatr 2015; 167:442-8.e1. [PMID: 26022700 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2015.04.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2014] [Revised: 03/13/2015] [Accepted: 04/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine associations between indicators of social disadvantage and emotional and behavioral difficulties in children aged 4-7 years. STUDY DESIGN This cross-sectional study was based on data collected in a questionnaire completed by parents of children enrolled in their first year of school in Victoria, Australia, in 2010. Just over 57000 children participated (86% of children enrolled), of whom complete data were available for 38955 (68% of the dataset); these children formed the analysis sample. The outcome measure was emotional and behavioral difficulties, assessed by the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire Total Difficulties score. Logistic regression analyses were undertaken. RESULTS Having a concession card (a government-issued card enabling access to subsidized goods and services, particularly in relation to medical care, primarily for economically vulnerable households) was the strongest predictor of emotional and behavioral difficulties (OR, 2.71; 95% CI, 2.39-3.07), followed by living with 1 parent and the parent's partner or not living with either parent (OR, 1.93; 95% CI, 1.58-2.37) and having a mother who did not complete high school (OR, 1.27; 95% CI, 1.11-1.45). CONCLUSION These findings may assist schools and early childhood practitioners in identifying young children who are at increased risk of emotional and behavioral difficulties, to provide these children, together with their parents and families, with support from appropriate preventive interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Steele
- School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Evelyn Wong
- School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Amalia Karahalios
- School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Shae Johnson
- School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Karen Weston
- Early Childhood and School Education Group, Victorian Department of Education and Training, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Peter Kremer
- School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Andrea de Silva
- Dental Health Services Victoria, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Melbourne Dental School, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Elise Davis
- School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Terry Nolan
- School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Elizabeth Waters
- School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Perrett KP, McVernon J, Richmond PC, Marshall H, Nissen M, August A, Percell S, Toneatto D, Nolan T. Immune responses to a recombinant, four-component, meningococcal serogroup B vaccine (4CMenB) in adolescents: a phase III, randomized, multicentre, lot-to-lot consistency study. Vaccine 2015; 33:5217-24. [PMID: 26232542 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2015.06.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2014] [Revised: 06/26/2015] [Accepted: 06/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND For decades, a broadly effective vaccine against serogroup B Neisseria meningitidis (MenB) has remained elusive. Recently, a four-component recombinant vaccine (4CMenB) has been developed and is now approved in Europe, Canada, Australia and some Latin American countries. This phase III, randomized study evaluated the lot consistency, early immune responses and the safety profile of 4CMenB in 11 to 17-year-old adolescents in Australia and Canada (NCT01423084). METHODS In total, 344 adolescents received two doses of one of 2 lots of 4CMenB, 1-month apart. Immunogenicity was assessed before, 2-weeks and 1-month following the second vaccination. Serum bactericidal activity using human complement (hSBA) was measured against three reference strains 44/76-SL, 5/99 and NZ98/254, selected to express one of the vaccine antigens; Neisseria adhesin A (NadA), factor H binding protein (fHbp) and porin A (PorA) containing outer membrane vesicle (OMV), respectively. Responses to the Neisseria heparin binding antigen (NHBA) were assessed with enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Local and systemic reactions were recorded for 7 days following each vaccination; unsolicited adverse events were monitored throughout the study. RESULTS Immunological equivalence of the two lots of 4CMenB was established at 1-month. At baseline, ≤7% of participants had hSBA titers ≥5 to all three reference strains. Two weeks following the second dose of 4CMenB, all participants had hSBA titers ≥5 against fHbp and NadA compared with 84-96% against the PorA reference strains. At 1-month, corresponding proportions were 99%, 100% and 70-79%, respectively. Both lots were generally well tolerated and had similar adverse event profiles. CONCLUSIONS Two doses of 4CMenB had an acceptable safety profile and induced a robust immune response in adolescents. Peak antibody responses were observed at 14 days following vaccination. While a substantial non-uniform antigen-dependent early decline in antibody titers was seen thereafter, a significant percentage of participants continued to maintain protective hSBA titers at 1-month.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsten P Perrett
- Vaccine and Immunisation Research Group (VIRGo), Murdoch Childrens Research Institute and Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Jodie McVernon
- Vaccine and Immunisation Research Group (VIRGo), Murdoch Childrens Research Institute and Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Peter C Richmond
- School of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Western Australia, Wesfarmers Centre of Vaccines and Infectious Diseases, Telethon Kids Institute, Princess Margaret Hospital for Children, Perth, Australia
| | - Helen Marshall
- Vaccinology and Immunology Research Trials Unit (VIRTU), Women's and Children's Hospital, School of Paediatrics and Reproductive Health and Robinson Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Michael Nissen
- Queensland Paediatric Infectious Diseases Laboratory (Qpid), Queensland Children's Medical Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Allison August
- Novartis Vaccines and Diagnostics Inc., Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Sandra Percell
- Novartis Vaccines and Diagnostics Inc., Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Terry Nolan
- Vaccine and Immunisation Research Group (VIRGo), Murdoch Childrens Research Institute and Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.
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Perrett KP, Richmond PC, Borrow R, Nolan T, McVernon J. Antibody persistence in Australian adolescents following meningococcal C conjugate vaccination. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2015; 34:279-85. [PMID: 25742078 DOI: 10.1097/inf.0000000000000541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In Australia, following the introduction of serogroup C meningococcal (MenC) conjugate vaccine for toddlers and catch-up immunization through adolescence, MenC disease incidence plummeted and remains low. However, individual protection following MenC conjugate vaccination, particularly in young children, may be short-lived. We investigated the persistence of MenC serum bactericidal antibody (SBA) titers in adolescents, more than 7 years after a single "catch-up" dose of MenC conjugate vaccine. We also investigated their exposure and susceptibility to meningococcal serogroups A, W and Y. METHODS MenC SBA titers and Men A, C, W and Y IgG geometric mean concentration were measured in 240 healthy 11- to 16-year-old adolescents. The correlate of protection was an rSBA titer of ≥8. RESULTS An rSBA≥8 was observed in 105 [44% (95% confidence interval {CI}, 37-50%)] of 240 adolescents (mean age, 13.2 years, mean interval since MenC immunization, 8.2 years). The proportion with an rSBA≥8, geometric mean rSBA titer and geometric mean IgG concentration increased with age, from 22% to 75%, 3.7 to 33.4 and 0.13 to 0.52 μg/mL, in participants who received MenC vaccine at mean age 2.8 to 7.5 years, respectively. Natural acquired antibody to Men A, W and Y was low with IgG geometric mean concentrations of 1.26, 0.38 and 0.47 μg/mL, respectively. CONCLUSIONS More than half of Australian adolescents have inadequate serological protection against MenC disease and low natural immunity to MenA, W and Y.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsten P Perrett
- From the *Vaccine and Immunisation Research Group (VIRGo), Murdoch Childrens Research Institute and Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, †School of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Western Australia, Telethon Institute for Child Health Research, Princess Margaret Hospital for Children, Perth, Western Australia, Australia; and ‡Vaccine Evaluation Unit, Public Health England, Manchester Royal Infirmary, Manchester, Greater Manchester, United Kingdom
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Nolan T, Borja-Tabora C, Lopez P, Weckx L, Ulloa-Gutierrez R, Lazcano-Ponce E, Kerdpanich A, Weber MAR, Mascareñas de Los Santos A, Tinoco JC, Safadi MAP, Seng LF, Hernandez-de Mezerville M, Faingezicht I, Cruz-Valdez A, Feng Y, Li P, Durviaux S, Haars G, Roy-Ghanta S, Vaughn DW, Taylor S. Prevalence and Incidence of Respiratory Syncytial Virus and Other Respiratory Viral Infections in Children Aged 6 Months to 10 Years With Influenza-like Illness Enrolled in a Randomized Trial. Clin Infect Dis 2015; 60:e80-9. [PMID: 25673560 PMCID: PMC4429758 DOI: 10.1093/cid/civ065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2014] [Accepted: 01/24/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background. The high burden of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)-associated morbidity and
mortality makes vaccine development a priority. Methods. As part of an efficacy trial of pandemic influenza vaccines (NCT01051661), RSV
epidemiology in healthy children aged 6 months to <10 years at first vaccination with
influenza-like illness (ILI) was evaluated in Australia, Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica,
Mexico, the Philippines, Singapore, and Thailand between February 2010 and August 2011.
Active surveillance for ILI was conducted for approximately 1 year, with nasal and throat
swabs analyzed by polymerase chain reaction. The prevalence and incidence of RSV among ILI
episodes were calculated. Results. A total of 6266 children were included, of whom 2421 experienced 3717 ILI episodes
with a respiratory sample available. RSV was detected for 359 ILI episodes, a prevalence
of 9.7% (95% confidence interval: 8.7–10.7). The highest prevalence was in children aged
12–23 or 24–35 months in all countries except the Philippines, where it was in children
aged 6–11 months. The incidence of RSV-associated ILI was 7.0 (6.3–7.7) per 100
person-years (PY). Eighty-eight ILI episodes resulted in hospitalization, of which 8 were
associated with RSV (prevalence 9.1% [4.0–17.1]; incidence 0.2 [0.1–0.3] per 100 PY). The
incidence of RSV-associated ILI resulting in medical attendance was 6.0 (5.4–6.7) per 100
PY. RSV B subtypes were observed more frequently than A subtypes. Conclusions. Active surveillance demonstrated the considerable burden of RSV-associated illness
that would not be identified through hospital-based surveillance, with a substantial part
of the burden occurring in older infants and children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terry Nolan
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute and Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Carlton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Charissa Borja-Tabora
- Department of Health, Research Institute for Tropical Medicine, Alabang, Muntinlupa City, Philippines
| | - Pio Lopez
- Centro de Estudios en Infectologia Pediatrica, Cali, Colombia
| | - Lily Weckx
- Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Angkool Kerdpanich
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Phramongkutklao Hospital, Thailand
| | | | | | | | - Marco Aurelio P Safadi
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas da Santa Casa de São Paulo and Associação Fundo de Incentivo à Pesquisa, Brazil
| | | | | | - Idis Faingezicht
- Instituto Costarricense de Investigaciones Clínicas, San José, Costa Rica
| | | | | | - Ping Li
- GSK Vaccines, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania
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Danchin M, Nolan T. A positive approach to parents with concerns about vaccination for the family physician. Aust Fam Physician 2014; 43:690-694. [PMID: 25286425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vaccine hesitancy is becoming increasingly recognised as an issue in Australia and globally, as concerns about vaccines and their safety predominate over concerns about the risk of vaccine-preventable diseases. OBJECTIVE This review provides an approach for primary care physicians to enable effective communication with parents who have differ-ent levels of concerns about vaccinations and awareness of currently available resources that may be used to support discussions. DISCUSSION Clear and flexible communication strategies for healthcare providers to undertake effective discussions with vaccine-hesitant parents or clear referral pathways are the key to addressing concerns about vaccination in both primary and secondary care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margie Danchin
- MBBS, FRACP, PhD, Paediatrician, Department of General Medicine, Royal Children's Hospital, VIC; Senior Research Fellow, Vaccine and Immunisation Research Group (VIRGo), Murdoch Children's Research Institute; Senior Fellow, Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, VIC
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Nolan T, Bravo L, Ceballos A, Mitha E, Gray G, Quiambao B, Patel SS, Bizjajeva S, Bock H, Nazaire-Bermal N, Forleo-Neto E, Cioppa GD, Narasimhan V. Enhanced and persistent antibody response against homologous and heterologous strains elicited by a MF59-adjuvanted influenza vaccine in infants and young children. Vaccine 2014; 32:6146-56. [PMID: 25223266 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2014.08.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2014] [Revised: 07/28/2014] [Accepted: 08/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-adjuvanted seasonal influenza vaccines show only modest efficacy in young children. This study compared the immunogenicity, reactogenicity and safety of the MF59-adjuvanted trivalent subunit vaccine (aTIV) with two non-adjuvanted trivalent vaccines, TIV-1, the non-adjuvanted version of aTIV, and TIV-2, a split virion vaccine. METHODS 6078 children received two doses of aTIV (n=3125), TIV-1 (n=1479), or TIV-2 (n=1474) four weeks apart (Days 1 and 29). Children aged 6 to <36 months and 36 to <72 months received 0.25 mL and 0.50 mL doses, respectively. Immunogenicity was assessed by hemagglutination inhibition (HI) assay (n=2435) on Days 1, 29, 50 and 209. Safety was assessed up to Day 394. RESULTS After the second vaccination (Day 50), the aTIV group showed significantly higher geometric mean HI titers and seroconversion rates than the TIV-1 or TIV-2 groups against all homologous and heterologous strains. The difference was enhanced at HI titers ≥110. aTIV elicited a faster, more persistent antibody response, with significantly higher titers in the aTIV group after one vaccination (Day 29) and after six months (Day 209) than in either TIV group. aTIV was more reactogenic than were TIV-1 and TIV-2 but rates of severe adverse events were very low for all three vaccines. CONCLUSION In infants and young children, the MF59-adjuvanted vaccine induced substantially faster (after one dose), higher, persistent HI titers than the non-adjuvanted vaccines, with consistently higher seroprotection rates at increased threshold HI titers. This trial is registered at clinicaltrials.gov: NCT01346592.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terry Nolan
- Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, and the Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Lulu Bravo
- Philippine General Hospital, University of the Philippines Manila, Manila, Metro Manila, Philippines
| | - Ana Ceballos
- Instituto Médico Rio Cuarto, Cordoba, Cordoba Province, Argentina
| | - Essack Mitha
- Newtown Clinical Research Centre, Johannesburg, Gauteng Province, South Africa
| | - Glenda Gray
- Chris Hani Baragwanath Hospital, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, Gauteng Province, South Africa
| | - Beatriz Quiambao
- Research Institute for Tropical Medicine, Muntinlupa, Metro Manila, Philippines
| | - Sanjay S Patel
- Novartis Vaccines and Diagnostics, Inc., Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Hans Bock
- Novartis Vaccines and Diagnostics, Inc., Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Vas Narasimhan
- Novartis Vaccines and Diagnostics, Inc., Cambridge, MA, USA
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Nolan T, Izurieta P, Lee BW, Chan PC, Marshall H, Booy R, Drame M, Vaughn DW. Heterologous prime-boost vaccination using an AS03B-adjuvanted influenza A(H5N1) vaccine in infants and children<3 years of age. J Infect Dis 2014; 210:1800-10. [PMID: 24973461 PMCID: PMC4224137 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiu359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. Protecting young children from pandemic influenza should also reduce transmission
to susceptible adults, including pregnant women. Methods. An open study assessed immunogenicity and reactogenicity of a heterologous booster
dose of A/turkey/Turkey/1/2005(H5N1)-AS03B (AS03B is an Adjuvant
System containing α-tocopherol and squalene in an oil-in-water emulsion [5.93 mg
tocopherol]) in infants and children aged 6 to < 36 months that was given 6 months
following 2-dose primary vaccination with A/Indonesia/05/2005(H5N1)-AS03B.
Vaccines contained 1.9 µg of hemagglutinin antigen and AS03B. Hemagglutinin
inhibition (HI) responses, microneutralization titers, and antineuraminidase antibody
levels were assessed for 6 months following the booster vaccination. Results. For each age stratum (defined on the basis of the subject's age at first
vaccination as 6 to < 12 months, 12 to < 24 months, and 24 to < 36 months) and
overall (n = 113), European influenza vaccine licensure criteria were fulfilled for
responses to A/turkey/Turkey/1/2005(H5N1) 10 days following the booster vaccination. Local
pain and fever increased with consecutive doses. Anamnestic immune responses were
demonstrated for HI, neutralizing, and antineuraminidase antibodies against
vaccine-homologous/heterologous strains. Antibody responses to
vaccine-homologous/heterologous strains persisted in all children 6 months following the
booster vaccination. Conclusions. Prevaccination of young children with a clade 2 strain influenza A(H5N1)
AS03-adjuvanted vaccine followed by heterologous booster vaccination boosted immune
responses to the homologous strain and a related clade, with persistence for at least 6
months. The results support a prime-boost vaccination approach in young children for
pandemic influenza preparedness. Clinical Trials Registration. NCT01323946.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terry Nolan
- Murdoch Childrens Research Institute Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Victoria
| | | | | | | | - Helen Marshall
- Vaccinology and Immunology Research Trials Unit, Women's and Children's Hospital, North Adelaide School of Paediatrics and Reproductive Health Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide
| | - Robert Booy
- Children's Hospital at Westmead, National Centre for Immunisation Research and Surveillance, Australia
| | - Mamadou Drame
- GlaxoSmithKline Vaccines, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania
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O'Grady KAF, McHugh L, Nolan T, Richmond P, Wood N, Marshall HS, Lambert SB, Chatfield M, Andrews RM. FluMum: a prospective cohort study of mother-infant pairs assessing the effectiveness of maternal influenza vaccination in prevention of influenza in early infancy. BMJ Open 2014; 4:e005676. [PMID: 24961719 PMCID: PMC4078783 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2014-005676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Influenza vaccination in pregnancy is recommended for all women in Australia, particularly those who will be in their second or third trimester during the influenza season. However, there has been no systematic monitoring of influenza vaccine uptake among pregnant women in Australia. Evidence is emerging of benefit to the infant with respect to preventing influenza infection in the first 6 months of life. The FluMum study aims to systematically monitor influenza vaccine uptake during pregnancy in Australia and determine the effectiveness of maternal vaccination in preventing laboratory-confirmed influenza in their offspring up to 6 months of age. METHODS AND ANALYSIS A prospective cohort study of 10 106 mother-infant pairs recruited between 38 weeks gestation and 55 days postdelivery in six Australian capital cities. Detailed maternal and infant information is collected at enrolment, including influenza illness and vaccination history with a follow-up data collection time point at infant age 6 months. The primary outcome is laboratory-confirmed influenza in the infant. Case ascertainment occurs through searches of Australian notifiable diseases data sets once the infant turns 6 months of age (with parental consent). The primary analysis involves calculating vaccine effectiveness against laboratory-confirmed influenza by comparing the incidence of influenza in infants of vaccinated mothers to the incidence in infants of unvaccinated mothers. Secondary analyses include annual and pooled estimates of the proportion of mothers vaccinated during pregnancy, the effectiveness of maternal vaccination in preventing hospitalisation for acute respiratory illness and modelling to assess the determinants of vaccination. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION The study was approved by all institutional Human Research Ethics Committees responsible for participating sites. Study findings will be published in peer review journals and presented at national and international conferences. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER The study is registered with the Australia and New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ANZCTR) number: 12612000175875.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerry-Ann F O'Grady
- Queensland Children’s Medical Research Institute, Queensland University of Technology, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - Lisa McHugh
- Queensland Children's Medical Research Institute, The University of Queensland Herston, Queensland, Australia
- Communicable Diseases Unit, Queensland Health, Herston, Queensland, Australia
- National Centre for Epidemiology & Population Health, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Terry Nolan
- Vaccine and Immunisation Research Group, Murdoch Children's Research Institute and Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Peter Richmond
- Vaccine Trials Group, Telethon Institute for Child Health Research, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Nicholas Wood
- National Centre for Immunisation Research and Surveillance, University of Sydney, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Helen S Marshall
- Vaccinology and Immunology Research Trials Unit, Women's and Children's Hospital and School of Paediatrics and Reproductive Health and Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Stephen B Lambert
- Queensland Children's Medical Research Institute, The University of Queensland Herston, Queensland, Australia
- Communicable Diseases Unit, Queensland Health, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - Mark Chatfield
- Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia
| | - Ross M Andrews
- Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia
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Bialasiewicz S, McVernon J, Nolan T, Lambert SB, Zhao G, Wang D, Nissen MD, Sloots TP. Detection of a divergent Parainfluenza 4 virus in an adult patient with influenza like illness using next-generation sequencing. BMC Infect Dis 2014; 14:275. [PMID: 24885416 PMCID: PMC4038074 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2334-14-275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2014] [Accepted: 04/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human Parainfluenza viruses are a common cause of both upper and lower respiratory tract infections, particularly in children. Of the four Parainfluenza virus serotypes, Parainfluenza 4 is least well characterised from both the clinical, epidemiological and genetic perspectives. METHODS Flocked nose or throat swabs from a previous study investigating viral prevalence in community-based adults suffering from influenza like illness were used as the basis for this study. Samples in which no virus was detected using a 16 viral respiratory pathogen real-time PCR panel were barcoded and pyrosequenced using the Roche 454 GS FLX Titanium chemistry. The sequences were analysed using the VirusHunter bioinformatic pipeline. Sanger sequencing was used to complete the detected Parainfluenza 4 coding region. RESULTS A variant Parainfluenza 4 subtype b strain (QLD-01) was discovered in an otherwise healthy adult who presented with influenza like illness. Strain QLD-01 shared genomic similarities with both a and b subtypes. The extent of divergence of this genome from the 5 available whole Parainfluenza 4 genomes impacted the predicted binding efficiencies of the majority of published Parainfluenza 4 PCR assays. CONCLUSIONS These findings further support a possible role for Parainfluenza 4 in the aetiology of adult respiratory disease within the community setting, and highlight the caution needed to be used in designing PCR assays from limited sequence information or in using proprietary commercial PCR assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seweryn Bialasiewicz
- Queensland Children’s Medical Research Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
- Queensland Paediatric Infectious Diseases Laboratory, The Royal Children’s Hospital, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
- Sir Albert Sakzewski Virus Research Centre, Building C28, Back Rd, Herston, QLD 4029, Australia
| | - Jodie McVernon
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute & Melbourne School of Population Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Vic, Australia
| | - Terry Nolan
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute & Melbourne School of Population Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Vic, Australia
| | - Stephen B Lambert
- Queensland Children’s Medical Research Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
| | - Guoyan Zhao
- Departments of Molecular Microbiology and Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - David Wang
- Departments of Molecular Microbiology and Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Michael D Nissen
- Queensland Children’s Medical Research Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
- Queensland Paediatric Infectious Diseases Laboratory, The Royal Children’s Hospital, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
| | - Theo P Sloots
- Queensland Children’s Medical Research Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
- Queensland Paediatric Infectious Diseases Laboratory, The Royal Children’s Hospital, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
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Nolan T, Roy-Ghanta S, Montellano M, Weckx L, Ulloa-Gutierrez R, Lazcano-Ponce E, Kerdpanich A, Safadi MAP, Cruz-Valdez A, Litao S, Lim FS, de Los Santos AM, Weber MAR, Tinoco JC, Mezerville MHD, Faingezicht I, Kosuwon P, Lopez P, Borja-Tabora C, Li P, Durviaux S, Fries L, Dubin G, Breuer T, Innis BL, Vaughn DW. Relative efficacy of AS03-adjuvanted pandemic influenza A(H1N1) vaccine in children: results of a controlled, randomized efficacy trial. J Infect Dis 2014; 210:545-57. [PMID: 24652494 PMCID: PMC4111912 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiu173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. The vaccine efficacy (VE) of 1 or 2 doses of AS03-adjuvanted influenza A(H1N1) vaccine relative to that of 2 doses of nonadjuvanted influenza A(H1N1) vaccine in children 6 months to <10 years of age in a multinational study conducted during 2010–2011. Methods. A total of 6145 children were randomly assigned at a ratio of 1:1:1 to receive 2 injections 21 days apart of A/California/7/2009(H1N1)-AS03 vaccine at dose 1 and saline placebo at dose 2, 2 doses 21 days apart of A/California/7/2009(H1N1)-AS03 vaccine (the Ad2 group), or 2 doses 21 days apart of nonadjuvanted A/California/7/2009(H1N1) vaccine (the NAd2 group). Active surveillance for influenza-like illnesses continued from days 14 to 385. Nose and throat samples obtained during influenza-like illnesses were tested for A/California/7/2009(H1N1), using reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. Immunogenicity, reactogenicity, and safety were assessed. Results. There were 23 cases of confirmed 2009 pandemic influenza A(H1N1) (A[H1N1]pdm09) infection for the primary relative VE analysis. The VE in the Ad2 group relative to that in the NAd2 group was 76.8% (95% confidence interval, 18.5%–93.4%). The benefit of the AS03 adjuvant was demonstrated in terms of the greater immunogenicity observed in the Ad2 group, compared with the NAd2 group. Conclusion. The 4–8-fold antigen-sparing adjuvanted pandemic influenza vaccine demonstrated superior and clinically important prevention of A(H1N1)pdm09 infection, compared with nonadjuvanted vaccine, with no observed increase in medically attended or serious adverse events. These data support the use of adjuvanted influenza vaccines during influenza pandemics. Clinical Trials Registration. NCT01051661.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terry Nolan
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Carlton, Australia
| | | | - May Montellano
- Department of Pediatrics, Mary Chiles General Hospital, Manila
| | - Lily Weckx
- Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Universidade Federal de São Paulo
| | | | | | - Angkool Kerdpanich
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Phramongkutklao Hospital, Bangkok
| | - Marco Aurélio Palazzi Safadi
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas da Santa Casa de São Paulo Associação Fundo de Incentivo à Pesquisa, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Sandra Litao
- Department of Pediatrics, De La Salle Health Sciences Institute, Dasmariñas City
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Idis Faingezicht
- Instituto Costarricense de Investigaciones Clínicas, San José, Costa Rica
| | - Pensri Kosuwon
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Pio Lopez
- Centro de Estudios en Infectologia Pediatrica, Cali, Colombia
| | - Charissa Borja-Tabora
- Department of Health, Research Institute for Tropical Medicine, Muntinlupa, Philippines
| | - Ping Li
- GlaxoSmithKline Vaccines, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania
| | | | | | - Gary Dubin
- GlaxoSmithKline Vaccines, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania
| | | | - Bruce L Innis
- GlaxoSmithKline Vaccines, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania
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McVernon J, Laurie K, Faddy H, Irving D, Nolan T, Barr I, Kelso A. Seroprevalence of antibody to influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 attributed to vaccination or infection, before and after the second (2010) pandemic wave in Australia. Influenza Other Respir Viruses 2013; 8:194-200. [PMID: 24382379 PMCID: PMC4186467 DOI: 10.1111/irv.12225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/24/2013] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives Historical records of influenza pandemics demonstrate variability in incidence and severity between waves. The influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 pandemic was the first in which many countries implemented strain-specific vaccination to mitigate subsequent seasons. Serosurveys provide opportunity to examine the constraining influence of antibody on population disease experience. Design Changes in the proportion of adults seropositive to influenza A(H1N1)pdm09over the 2009/10 (summer) interepidemic period and 2010 (winter) influenza season were measured to determine whether there was a temporal relationship with vaccine distribution and influenza activity, respectively. Setting Australia. Sample Plasma samples were collected from healthy blood donors from seven cities at the end of the first wave (November 2009), and before (March/April 2010) and after (November 2010) the subsequent influenza season. Main outcome measures Haemagglutination inhibition (HI) assays were performed to assess reactivity of plasma against A(H1N1)pdm09, and the proportion seropositive (HI titre ≥ 40) compared over time, by age group and location. Results Between the 2009 and 2010 influenza seasons, the seropositive proportion rose from 22% to 43%, an increase observed across all ages and sites. Brisbane alone recorded a significant rise in seropositivity over the 2010 influenza season – from a baseline of 35% to 53%. The seropositive proportion elsewhere was ≥40% pre-season, and did not rise over winter. Conclusions A vaccine-associated increase in seropositive proportion preceding the influenza season correlated with low levels of disease activity in winter 2010. These observations support the role of immunisation in mitigating the ‘second wave’ of A(H1N1)pdm09, with timing critical to ensure sustained herd protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jodie McVernon
- Vaccine & Immunisation Research Group, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, the University of Melbourne, Parkville, Vic., Australia; Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory, North Melbourne, Vic., Australia
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Grotzinger JP, Sumner DY, Kah LC, Stack K, Gupta S, Edgar L, Rubin D, Lewis K, Schieber J, Mangold N, Milliken R, Conrad PG, DesMarais D, Farmer J, Siebach K, Calef F, Hurowitz J, McLennan SM, Ming D, Vaniman D, Crisp J, Vasavada A, Edgett KS, Malin M, Blake D, Gellert R, Mahaffy P, Wiens RC, Maurice S, Grant JA, Wilson S, Anderson RC, Beegle L, Arvidson R, Hallet B, Sletten RS, Rice M, Bell J, Griffes J, Ehlmann B, Anderson RB, Bristow TF, Dietrich WE, Dromart G, Eigenbrode J, Fraeman A, Hardgrove C, Herkenhoff K, Jandura L, Kocurek G, Lee S, Leshin LA, Leveille R, Limonadi D, Maki J, McCloskey S, Meyer M, Minitti M, Newsom H, Oehler D, Okon A, Palucis M, Parker T, Rowland S, Schmidt M, Squyres S, Steele A, Stolper E, Summons R, Treiman A, Williams R, Yingst A, Team MS, Kemppinen O, Bridges N, Johnson JR, Cremers D, Godber A, Wadhwa M, Wellington D, McEwan I, Newman C, Richardson M, Charpentier A, Peret L, King P, Blank J, Weigle G, Li S, Robertson K, Sun V, Baker M, Edwards C, Farley K, Miller H, Newcombe M, Pilorget C, Brunet C, Hipkin V, Leveille R, Marchand G, Sanchez PS, Favot L, Cody G, Fluckiger L, Lees D, Nefian A, Martin M, Gailhanou M, Westall F, Israel G, Agard C, Baroukh J, Donny C, Gaboriaud A, Guillemot P, Lafaille V, Lorigny E, Paillet A, Perez R, Saccoccio M, Yana C, Armiens-Aparicio C, Rodriguez JC, Blazquez IC, Gomez FG, Gomez-Elvira J, Hettrich S, Malvitte AL, Jimenez MM, Martinez-Frias J, Martin-Soler J, Martin-Torres FJ, Jurado AM, Mora-Sotomayor L, Caro GM, Lopez SN, Peinado-Gonzalez V, Pla-Garcia J, Manfredi JAR, Romeral-Planello JJ, Fuentes SAS, Martinez ES, Redondo JT, Urqui-O'Callaghan R, Mier MPZ, Chipera S, Lacour JL, Mauchien P, Sirven JB, Manning H, Fairen A, Hayes A, Joseph J, Sullivan R, Thomas P, Dupont A, Lundberg A, Melikechi N, Mezzacappa A, DeMarines J, Grinspoon D, Reitz G, Prats B, Atlaskin E, Genzer M, Harri AM, Haukka H, Kahanpaa H, Kauhanen J, Paton M, Polkko J, Schmidt W, Siili T, Fabre C, Wray J, Wilhelm MB, Poitrasson F, Patel K, Gorevan S, Indyk S, Paulsen G, Bish D, Gondet B, Langevin Y, Geffroy C, Baratoux D, Berger G, Cros A, d'Uston C, Forni O, Gasnault O, Lasue J, Lee QM, Meslin PY, Pallier E, Parot Y, Pinet P, Schroder S, Toplis M, Lewin E, Brunner W, Heydari E, Achilles C, Sutter B, Cabane M, Coscia D, Szopa C, Robert F, Sautter V, Le Mouelic S, Nachon M, Buch A, Stalport F, Coll P, Francois P, Raulin F, Teinturier S, Cameron J, Clegg S, Cousin A, DeLapp D, Dingler R, Jackson RS, Johnstone S, Lanza N, Little C, Nelson T, Williams RB, Jones A, Kirkland L, Baker B, Cantor B, Caplinger M, Davis S, Duston B, Fay D, Harker D, Herrera P, Jensen E, Kennedy MR, Krezoski G, Krysak D, Lipkaman L, McCartney E, McNair S, Nixon B, Posiolova L, Ravine M, Salamon A, Saper L, Stoiber K, Supulver K, Van Beek J, Van Beek T, Zimdar R, French KL, Iagnemma K, Miller K, Goesmann F, Goetz W, Hviid S, Johnson M, Lefavor M, Lyness E, Breves E, Dyar MD, Fassett C, Edwards L, Haberle R, Hoehler T, Hollingsworth J, Kahre M, Keely L, McKay C, Bleacher L, Brinckerhoff W, Choi D, Dworkin JP, Floyd M, Freissinet C, Garvin J, Glavin D, Harpold D, Martin DK, McAdam A, Pavlov A, Raaen E, Smith MD, Stern J, Tan F, Trainer M, Posner A, Voytek M, Aubrey A, Behar A, Blaney D, Brinza D, Christensen L, DeFlores L, Feldman J, Feldman S, Flesch G, Jun I, Keymeulen D, Mischna M, Morookian JM, Pavri B, Schoppers M, Sengstacken A, Simmonds JJ, Spanovich N, Juarez MDLT, Webster CR, Yen A, Archer PD, Cucinotta F, Jones JH, Morris RV, Niles P, Rampe E, Nolan T, Fisk M, Radziemski L, Barraclough B, Bender S, Berman D, Dobrea EN, Tokar R, Cleghorn T, Huntress W, Manhes G, Hudgins J, Olson T, Stewart N, Sarrazin P, Vicenzi E, Bullock M, Ehresmann B, Hamilton V, Hassler D, Peterson J, Rafkin S, Zeitlin C, Fedosov F, Golovin D, Karpushkina N, Kozyrev A, Litvak M, Malakhov A, Mitrofanov I, Mokrousov M, Nikiforov S, Prokhorov V, Sanin A, Tretyakov V, Varenikov A, Vostrukhin A, Kuzmin R, Clark B, Wolff M, Botta O, Drake D, Bean K, Lemmon M, Schwenzer SP, Lee EM, Sucharski R, Hernandez MADP, Avalos JJB, Ramos M, Kim MH, Malespin C, Plante I, Muller JP, Navarro-Gonzalez R, Ewing R, Boynton W, Downs R, Fitzgibbon M, Harshman K, Morrison S, Kortmann O, Williams A, Lugmair G, Wilson MA, Jakosky B, Balic-Zunic T, Frydenvang J, Jensen JK, Kinch K, Koefoed A, Madsen MB, Stipp SLS, Boyd N, Campbell JL, Perrett G, Pradler I, VanBommel S, Jacob S, Owen T, Savijarvi H, Boehm E, Bottcher S, Burmeister S, Guo J, Kohler J, Garcia CM, Mueller-Mellin R, Wimmer-Schweingruber R, Bridges JC, McConnochie T, Benna M, Franz H, Bower H, Brunner A, Blau H, Boucher T, Carmosino M, Atreya S, Elliott H, Halleaux D, Renno N, Wong M, Pepin R, Elliott B, Spray J, Thompson L, Gordon S, Ollila A, Williams J, Vasconcelos P, Bentz J, Nealson K, Popa R, Moersch J, Tate C, Day M, Francis R, McCullough E, Cloutis E, ten Kate IL, Scholes D, Slavney S, Stein T, Ward J, Berger J, Moores JE. A Habitable Fluvio-Lacustrine Environment at Yellowknife Bay, Gale Crater, Mars. Science 2013; 343:1242777. [DOI: 10.1126/science.1242777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 578] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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Vaniman DT, Bish DL, Ming DW, Bristow TF, Morris RV, Blake DF, Chipera SJ, Morrison SM, Treiman AH, Rampe EB, Rice M, Achilles CN, Grotzinger JP, McLennan SM, Williams J, Bell JF, Newsom HE, Downs RT, Maurice S, Sarrazin P, Yen AS, Morookian JM, Farmer JD, Stack K, Milliken RE, Ehlmann BL, Sumner DY, Berger G, Crisp JA, Hurowitz JA, Anderson R, Des Marais DJ, Stolper EM, Edgett KS, Gupta S, Spanovich N, Agard C, Alves Verdasca JA, Anderson R, Archer D, Armiens-Aparicio C, Arvidson R, Atlaskin E, Atreya S, Aubrey A, Baker B, Baker M, Balic-Zunic T, Baratoux D, Baroukh J, Barraclough B, Bean K, Beegle L, Behar A, Bender S, Benna M, Bentz J, Berger J, Berman D, Blanco Avalos JJ, Blaney D, Blank J, Blau H, Bleacher L, Boehm E, Botta O, Bottcher S, Boucher T, Bower H, Boyd N, Boynton B, Breves E, Bridges J, Bridges N, Brinckerhoff W, Brinza D, Brunet C, Brunner A, Brunner W, Buch A, Bullock M, Burmeister S, Cabane M, Calef F, Cameron J, Campbell JI, Cantor B, Caplinger M, Caride Rodriguez J, Carmosino M, Carrasco Blazquez I, Charpentier A, Choi D, Clark B, Clegg S, Cleghorn T, Cloutis E, Cody G, Coll P, Conrad P, Coscia D, Cousin A, Cremers D, Cros A, Cucinotta F, d'Uston C, Davis S, Day MK, de la Torre Juarez M, DeFlores L, DeLapp D, DeMarines J, Dietrich W, Dingler R, Donny C, Drake D, Dromart G, Dupont A, Duston B, Dworkin J, Dyar MD, Edgar L, Edwards C, Edwards L, Ehresmann B, Eigenbrode J, Elliott B, Elliott H, Ewing R, Fabre C, Fairen A, Farley K, Fassett C, Favot L, Fay D, Fedosov F, Feldman J, Feldman S, Fisk M, Fitzgibbon M, Flesch G, Floyd M, Fluckiger L, Forni O, Fraeman A, Francis R, Francois P, Franz H, Freissinet C, French KL, Frydenvang J, Gaboriaud A, Gailhanou M, Garvin J, Gasnault O, Geffroy C, Gellert R, Genzer M, Glavin D, Godber A, Goesmann F, Goetz W, Golovin D, Gomez Gomez F, Gomez-Elvira J, Gondet B, Gordon S, Gorevan S, Grant J, Griffes J, Grinspoon D, Guillemot P, Guo J, Guzewich S, Haberle R, Halleaux D, Hallet B, Hamilton V, Hardgrove C, Harker D, Harpold D, Harri AM, Harshman K, Hassler D, Haukka H, Hayes A, Herkenhoff K, Herrera P, Hettrich S, Heydari E, Hipkin V, Hoehler T, Hollingsworth J, Hudgins J, Huntress W, Hviid S, Iagnemma K, Indyk S, Israel G, Jackson R, Jacob S, Jakosky B, Jensen E, Jensen JK, Johnson J, Johnson M, Johnstone S, Jones A, Jones J, Joseph J, Jun I, Kah L, Kahanpaa H, Kahre M, Karpushkina N, Kasprzak W, Kauhanen J, Keely L, Kemppinen O, Keymeulen D, Kim MH, Kinch K, King P, Kirkland L, Kocurek G, Koefoed A, Kohler J, Kortmann O, Kozyrev A, Krezoski J, Krysak D, Kuzmin R, Lacour JL, Lafaille V, Langevin Y, Lanza N, Lasue J, Le Mouelic S, Lee EM, Lee QM, Lees D, Lefavor M, Lemmon M, Malvitte AL, Leshin L, Leveille R, Lewin-Carpintier E, Lewis K, Li S, Lipkaman L, Little C, Litvak M, Lorigny E, Lugmair G, Lundberg A, Lyness E, Madsen M, Mahaffy P, Maki J, Malakhov A, Malespin C, Malin M, Mangold N, Manhes G, Manning H, Marchand G, Marin Jimenez M, Martin Garcia C, Martin D, Martin M, Martinez-Frias J, Martin-Soler J, Martin-Torres FJ, Mauchien P, McAdam A, McCartney E, McConnochie T, McCullough E, McEwan I, McKay C, McNair S, Melikechi N, Meslin PY, Meyer M, Mezzacappa A, Miller H, Miller K, Minitti M, Mischna M, Mitrofanov I, Moersch J, Mokrousov M, Molina Jurado A, Moores J, Mora-Sotomayor L, Mueller-Mellin R, Muller JP, Munoz Caro G, Nachon M, Navarro Lopez S, Navarro-Gonzalez R, Nealson K, Nefian A, Nelson T, Newcombe M, Newman C, Nikiforov S, Niles P, Nixon B, Noe Dobrea E, Nolan T, Oehler D, Ollila A, Olson T, Owen T, de Pablo Hernandez MA, Paillet A, Pallier E, Palucis M, Parker T, Parot Y, Patel K, Paton M, Paulsen G, Pavlov A, Pavri B, Peinado-Gonzalez V, Pepin R, Peret L, Perez R, Perrett G, Peterson J, Pilorget C, Pinet P, Pla-Garcia J, Plante I, Poitrasson F, Polkko J, Popa R, Posiolova L, Posner A, Pradler I, Prats B, Prokhorov V, Purdy SW, Raaen E, Radziemski L, Rafkin S, Ramos M, Raulin F, Ravine M, Reitz G, Renno N, Richardson M, Robert F, Robertson K, Rodriguez Manfredi JA, Romeral-Planello JJ, Rowland S, Rubin D, Saccoccio M, Salamon A, Sandoval J, Sanin A, Sans Fuentes SA, Saper L, Sautter V, Savijarvi H, Schieber J, Schmidt M, Schmidt W, Scholes DD, Schoppers M, Schroder S, Schwenzer S, Sebastian Martinez E, Sengstacken A, Shterts R, Siebach K, Siili T, Simmonds J, Sirven JB, Slavney S, Sletten R, Smith M, Sobron Sanchez P, Spray J, Squyres S, Stalport F, Steele A, Stein T, Stern J, Stewart N, Stipp SLS, Stoiber K, Sucharski B, Sullivan R, Summons R, Sun V, Supulver K, Sutter B, Szopa C, Tan F, Tate C, Teinturier S, ten Kate I, Thomas P, Thompson L, Tokar R, Toplis M, Torres Redondo J, Trainer M, Tretyakov V, Urqui-O'Callaghan R, Van Beek J, Van Beek T, VanBommel S, Varenikov A, Vasavada A, Vasconcelos P, Vicenzi E, Vostrukhin A, Voytek M, Wadhwa M, Ward J, Webster C, Weigle E, Wellington D, Westall F, Wiens RC, Wilhelm MB, Williams A, Williams R, Williams RBM, Wilson M, Wimmer-Schweingruber R, Wolff M, Wong M, Wray J, Wu M, Yana C, Yingst A, Zeitlin C, Zimdar R, Zorzano Mier MP. Mineralogy of a Mudstone at Yellowknife Bay, Gale Crater, Mars. Science 2013; 343:1243480. [DOI: 10.1126/science.1243480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 433] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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Ju Y, Nolan T, Duntley S, Larson-Prior L. Functional brain networks in REM sleep behavior disorder. Sleep Med 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2013.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Leshin LA, Mahaffy PR, Webster CR, Cabane M, Coll P, Conrad PG, Archer PD, Atreya SK, Brunner AE, Buch A, Eigenbrode JL, Flesch GJ, Franz HB, Freissinet C, Glavin DP, McAdam AC, Miller KE, Ming DW, Morris RV, Navarro-Gonzalez R, Niles PB, Owen T, Pepin RO, Squyres S, Steele A, Stern JC, Summons RE, Sumner DY, Sutter B, Szopa C, Teinturier S, Trainer MG, Wray JJ, Grotzinger JP, Kemppinen O, Bridges N, Johnson JR, Minitti M, Cremers D, Bell JF, Edgar L, Farmer J, Godber A, Wadhwa M, Wellington D, McEwan I, Newman C, Richardson M, Charpentier A, Peret L, King P, Blank J, Weigle G, Schmidt M, Li S, Milliken R, Robertson K, Sun V, Baker M, Edwards C, Ehlmann B, Farley K, Griffes J, Miller H, Newcombe M, Pilorget C, Rice M, Siebach K, Stack K, Stolper E, Brunet C, Hipkin V, Leveille R, Marchand G, Sanchez PS, Favot L, Cody G, Fluckiger L, Lees D, Nefian A, Martin M, Gailhanou M, Westall F, Israel G, Agard C, Baroukh J, Donny C, Gaboriaud A, Guillemot P, Lafaille V, Lorigny E, Paillet A, Perez R, Saccoccio M, Yana C, Armiens-Aparicio C, Rodriguez JC, Blazquez IC, Gomez FG, Gomez-Elvira J, Hettrich S, Malvitte AL, Jimenez MM, Martinez-Frias J, Martin-Soler J, Martin-Torres FJ, Jurado AM, Mora-Sotomayor L, Caro GM, Lopez SN, Peinado-Gonzalez V, Pla-Garcia J, Manfredi JAR, Romeral-Planello JJ, Fuentes SAS, Martinez ES, Redondo JT, Urqui-O'Callaghan R, Mier MPZ, Chipera S, Lacour JL, Mauchien P, Sirven JB, Manning H, Fairen A, Hayes A, Joseph J, Sullivan R, Thomas P, Dupont A, Lundberg A, Melikechi N, Mezzacappa A, DeMarines J, Grinspoon D, Reitz G, Prats B, Atlaskin E, Genzer M, Harri AM, Haukka H, Kahanpaa H, Kauhanen J, Kemppinen O, Paton M, Polkko J, Schmidt W, Siili T, Fabre C, Wilhelm MB, Poitrasson F, Patel K, Gorevan S, Indyk S, Paulsen G, Gupta S, Bish D, Schieber J, Gondet B, Langevin Y, Geffroy C, Baratoux D, Berger G, Cros A, d'Uston C, Forni O, Gasnault O, Lasue J, Lee QM, Maurice S, Meslin PY, Pallier E, Parot Y, Pinet P, Schroder S, Toplis M, Lewin E, Brunner W, Heydari E, Achilles C, Oehler D, Coscia D, Israel G, Dromart G, Robert F, Sautter V, Le Mouelic S, Mangold N, Nachon M, Stalport F, Francois P, Raulin F, Cameron J, Clegg S, Cousin A, DeLapp D, Dingler R, Jackson RS, Johnstone S, Lanza N, Little C, Nelson T, Wiens RC, Williams RB, Jones A, Kirkland L, Treiman A, Baker B, Cantor B, Caplinger M, Davis S, Duston B, Edgett K, Fay D, Hardgrove C, Harker D, Herrera P, Jensen E, Kennedy MR, Krezoski G, Krysak D, Lipkaman L, Malin M, McCartney E, McNair S, Nixon B, Posiolova L, Ravine M, Salamon A, Saper L, Stoiber K, Supulver K, Van Beek J, Van Beek T, Zimdar R, French KL, Iagnemma K, Goesmann F, Goetz W, Hviid S, Johnson M, Lefavor M, Lyness E, Breves E, Dyar MD, Fassett C, Blake DF, Bristow T, DesMarais D, Edwards L, Haberle R, Hoehler T, Hollingsworth J, Kahre M, Keely L, McKay C, Wilhelm MB, Bleacher L, Brinckerhoff W, Choi D, Dworkin JP, Floyd M, Garvin J, Harpold D, Jones A, Martin DK, Pavlov A, Raaen E, Smith MD, Tan F, Meyer M, Posner A, Voytek M, Anderson RC, Aubrey A, Beegle LW, Behar A, Blaney D, Brinza D, Calef F, Christensen L, Crisp JA, DeFlores L, Ehlmann B, Feldman J, Feldman S, Hurowitz J, Jun I, Keymeulen D, Maki J, Mischna M, Morookian JM, Parker T, Pavri B, Schoppers M, Sengstacken A, Simmonds JJ, Spanovich N, Juarez MDLT, Vasavada AR, Yen A, Cucinotta F, Jones JH, Rampe E, Nolan T, Fisk M, Radziemski L, Barraclough B, Bender S, Berman D, Dobrea EN, Tokar R, Vaniman D, Williams RME, Yingst A, Lewis K, Cleghorn T, Huntress W, Manhes G, Hudgins J, Olson T, Stewart N, Sarrazin P, Grant J, Vicenzi E, Wilson SA, Bullock M, Ehresmann B, Hamilton V, Hassler D, Peterson J, Rafkin S, Zeitlin C, Fedosov F, Golovin D, Karpushkina N, Kozyrev A, Litvak M, Malakhov A, Mitrofanov I, Mokrousov M, Nikiforov S, Prokhorov V, Sanin A, Tretyakov V, Varenikov A, Vostrukhin A, Kuzmin R, Clark B, Wolff M, McLennan S, Botta O, Drake D, Bean K, Lemmon M, Schwenzer SP, Anderson RB, Herkenhoff K, Lee EM, Sucharski R, Hernandez MADP, Avalos JJB, Ramos M, Kim MH, Malespin C, Plante I, Muller JP, Ewing R, Boynton W, Downs R, Fitzgibbon M, Harshman K, Morrison S, Dietrich W, Kortmann O, Palucis M, Williams A, Lugmair G, Wilson MA, Rubin D, Jakosky B, Balic-Zunic T, Frydenvang J, Jensen JK, Kinch K, Koefoed A, Madsen MB, Stipp SLS, Boyd N, Campbell JL, Gellert R, Perrett G, Pradler I, VanBommel S, Jacob S, Rowland S, Atlaskin E, Savijarvi H, Boehm E, Bottcher S, Burmeister S, Guo J, Kohler J, Garcia CM, Mueller-Mellin R, Wimmer-Schweingruber R, Bridges JC, McConnochie T, Benna M, Bower H, Blau H, Boucher T, Carmosino M, Elliott H, Halleaux D, Renno N, Wong M, Elliott B, Spray J, Thompson L, Gordon S, Newsom H, Ollila A, Williams J, Vasconcelos P, Bentz J, Nealson K, Popa R, Kah LC, Moersch J, Tate C, Day M, Kocurek G, Hallet B, Sletten R, Francis R, McCullough E, Cloutis E, ten Kate IL, Kuzmin R, Arvidson R, Fraeman A, Scholes D, Slavney S, Stein T, Ward J, Berger J, Moores JE. Volatile, Isotope, and Organic Analysis of Martian Fines with the Mars Curiosity Rover. Science 2013; 341:1238937. [DOI: 10.1126/science.1238937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 327] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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Cheng X, Nolan T, Macaulay L. Don't give up the community: a viewpoint of trust development in online collaboration. Info Technology & People 2013. [DOI: 10.1108/itp-10-2012-0116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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