1
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Vogelwaid J, Bayer M, Walz M, Kutuzova L, Kandelbauer A, Jacob T. Process Optimization of the Morphological Properties of Epoxy Resin Molding Compounds Using Response Surface Design. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:1102. [PMID: 38675021 PMCID: PMC11054850 DOI: 10.3390/polym16081102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
An epoxy compound's polymer structure can be characterized by the glass transition temperature (Tg) which is often seen as the primary morphological characteristic. Determining the Tg after manufacturing thermoset-molded parts is an important objective in material characterization. To characterize quantitatively the dependence of Tg on the degree of cure, the DiBenedetto equation is usually used. Monitoring polymer network formation during molding processes is therefore one of the most challenging tasks in polymer processing and can be achieved using dielectric analysis (DEA). In this study, the morphological properties of an epoxy resin-based molding compounds (EMC) were optimized for the molding process using response surface analysis. Processing parameters such as curing temperature, curing time, and injection rate were investigated according to a DoE strategy and analyzed as the main factors affecting Tg as well as the degree of cure. A new method to measure the Tg at a certain degree of cure was developed based on warpage analysis. The degree of cure was determined inline via dielectric analysis (DEA) and offline using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The results were used as the response in the DoE models. The use of the DiBenedetto equation to refine the response characteristics for a wide range of process parameters has significantly improved the quality of response surface models based on the DoE approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Vogelwaid
- Mobility Electronics, Engineering Technology Polymer & Packaging, Robert Bosch GmbH, 72770 Reutlingen, Germany; (M.B.); (M.W.)
- Fakultät für Naturwissenschaften, Institut für Elektrochemie, Universität Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany;
| | - Martin Bayer
- Mobility Electronics, Engineering Technology Polymer & Packaging, Robert Bosch GmbH, 72770 Reutlingen, Germany; (M.B.); (M.W.)
| | - Michael Walz
- Mobility Electronics, Engineering Technology Polymer & Packaging, Robert Bosch GmbH, 72770 Reutlingen, Germany; (M.B.); (M.W.)
| | - Larysa Kutuzova
- Fakultät für Life Sciences, Reutlingen University, 72762 Reutlingen, Germany; (L.K.); (A.K.)
| | - Andreas Kandelbauer
- Fakultät für Life Sciences, Reutlingen University, 72762 Reutlingen, Germany; (L.K.); (A.K.)
- Department of Material Sciences and Process Engineering, Institute of Wood Technology and Renewable Materials, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, 1180 Vienna, Austria
| | - Timo Jacob
- Fakultät für Naturwissenschaften, Institut für Elektrochemie, Universität Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany;
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2
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Vogelwaid J, Hampel F, Bayer M, Walz M, Kutuzova L, Lorenz G, Kandelbauer A, Jacob T. In Situ Monitoring of the Curing of Highly Filled Epoxy Molding Compounds: The Influence of Reaction Type and Silica Content on Cure Kinetic Models. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:1056. [PMID: 38674975 PMCID: PMC11053577 DOI: 10.3390/polym16081056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Monitoring of molding processes is one of the most challenging future tasks in polymer processing. In this work, the in situ monitoring of the curing behavior of highly filled EMCs (silica filler content ranging from 73 to 83 wt%) and the effect of filler load on curing kinetics are investigated. Kinetic modelling using the Friedman approach was applied using real-time process data obtained from in situ DEA measurements, and these online kinetic models were compared with curing analysis data obtained from offline DSC measurements. For an autocatalytic fast-reacting material to be processed above the glass transition temperature Tg and for an autocatalytic slow-reacting material to be processed below Tg, time-temperature-transformation (TTT) diagrams were generated to investigate the reaction behavior regarding Tg progression. Incorporating a material containing a lower silica filler content of 10 wt% enabled analysis of the effects of filler content on sensor sensitivity and curing kinetics. Lower silica particle content (and a larger fraction of organic resin, respectively) favored reaction kinetics, resulting in a faster reaction towards Tg1. Kinetic analysis using DEA and DSC facilitated the development of highly accurate prediction models using the Friedman model-free approach. Lower silica particle content resulted in enhanced sensitivity of the analytical method, leading, in turn, to more precise prediction models for the degree of cure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Vogelwaid
- Mobility Electronics, Engineering Technology Polymer & Packaging, Robert Bosch GmbH, 72770 Reutlingen, Germany; (F.H.); (M.B.); (M.W.)
- Fakultät für Naturwissenschaften, Institut für Elektrochemie, Universität Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany;
| | - Felix Hampel
- Mobility Electronics, Engineering Technology Polymer & Packaging, Robert Bosch GmbH, 72770 Reutlingen, Germany; (F.H.); (M.B.); (M.W.)
- Fakultät für Life Sciences, Reutlingen University, 72762 Reutlingen, Germany; (L.K.); (G.L.); (A.K.)
| | - Martin Bayer
- Mobility Electronics, Engineering Technology Polymer & Packaging, Robert Bosch GmbH, 72770 Reutlingen, Germany; (F.H.); (M.B.); (M.W.)
| | - Michael Walz
- Mobility Electronics, Engineering Technology Polymer & Packaging, Robert Bosch GmbH, 72770 Reutlingen, Germany; (F.H.); (M.B.); (M.W.)
| | - Larysa Kutuzova
- Fakultät für Life Sciences, Reutlingen University, 72762 Reutlingen, Germany; (L.K.); (G.L.); (A.K.)
| | - Günter Lorenz
- Fakultät für Life Sciences, Reutlingen University, 72762 Reutlingen, Germany; (L.K.); (G.L.); (A.K.)
| | - Andreas Kandelbauer
- Fakultät für Life Sciences, Reutlingen University, 72762 Reutlingen, Germany; (L.K.); (G.L.); (A.K.)
- Institute of Wood Technology and Renewable Materials, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, 1180 Vienna, Austria
| | - Timo Jacob
- Fakultät für Naturwissenschaften, Institut für Elektrochemie, Universität Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany;
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3
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Hassan HK, Hoffmann P, Jacob T. Effect of Guest Solvents on the Ionic Conductivity and Electrochemical Performance of Metal-Organic Framework-Based Magnesium Semi-Solid Electrolytes. ChemSusChem 2024; 17:e202301362. [PMID: 37889091 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202301362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Developing suitable electrolytes is crucial for the advancement of rechargeable magnesium batteries. Recently, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have shown a great interest in the field of solid electrolytes for metal ion batteries. However, the ionic conductivity as well as the electrolyte stability in the presence of Mg electrodes are shown to be strongly dependent on the guest solvent used to solvate Mg salts in MOFsSEs. Our measurements showed that full evacuation of the MOF structure before semi-solid electrolytes (sSEs) preparation is crucial for achieving relatively low Mg overpotentials regardless of the ionic conductivity values. Moreover, the behavior of the anode/MOFsSEs interfaces (MOF: α-Mg3 [HCOO]6 ; Mg salt : MgCl2 -Mg[TFSI]2 (1 : 1 wt %); guest solvent: acetone, DMF, DEG, DME and tetraglyme) was investigated by EIS, CV and galvanostatic measurements. The current comparative study of the electrochemical deposition processes of magnesium from MOFsSEs revealed that magnesium deposition/dissolution reactions vary depending on the MOF structure, the guest anion species as well as the nature of the guest solvents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hagar K Hassan
- Department of Electrochemistry II and Theory I, Helmholtz Institute of Ulm (HIU), Helmholtz Str. 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), P.O. Box 3640, 76021, Karlsruhe, Germany
- Institute of Electrochemistry, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 47, 89081, Ulm, Germany
- Faculty of Science, Cairo University, 12613, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Paul Hoffmann
- Institute of Electrochemistry, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 47, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Timo Jacob
- Department of Electrochemistry II and Theory I, Helmholtz Institute of Ulm (HIU), Helmholtz Str. 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), P.O. Box 3640, 76021, Karlsruhe, Germany
- Institute of Electrochemistry, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 47, 89081, Ulm, Germany
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4
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Beitzinger B, Schmid R, Jung C, Tiwary K, Hermann P, Jacob T, Lindén M. Confinement and Polarity Effects on the Peptide Packing Density on Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles. Langmuir 2024; 40:4294-4305. [PMID: 38346113 PMCID: PMC10905996 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c03513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
The adsorption of cationic peptide JM21 onto different mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) from an aqueous solution was studied as a function of pH. In agreement with the literature, the highest loading degrees could be achieved at pH close to the isoelectric point of the peptide where the peptide-peptide repulsion is minimum. However, mesopore size, mesopore geometry, and surface polarity all had an influence on the peptide adsorption in terms of both affinity and maximum loading at a given pH. This adsorption behavior could largely be explained by a combination of pH-dependent electrostatic interactions and confinement effects. It is demonstrated that hydrophobic interactions enhance the degree of peptide adsorption under pH conditions where the electrostatic attraction was absent in the case of mesoporous organosilica nanoparticles (MONs). The lower surface concentration of silanol groups for MON led to a lower level of peptide adsorption under optimum pH conditions compared to all-silica particles. Finally, the study confirmed the protective role of MSNs in preserving the biological activity of JM#21 against enzymatic degradation, even for large-pore MSNs, emphasizing their potential as nanocarriers for therapeutic peptides. By integrating experimental findings with theoretical modeling, this research elucidates the complex interplay of factors that influence peptide-silica interactions, providing vital insights for optimizing peptide loading and stabilization in biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bastian Beitzinger
- Institute
of Inorganic Chemistry II, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, Ulm 89081, Germany
| | - Roman Schmid
- Institute
of Inorganic Chemistry II, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, Ulm 89081, Germany
| | - Christoph Jung
- Institute
of Electrochemistry, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 47, Ulm 89081, Germany
| | - Kanishka Tiwary
- Department
of Internal Medicine I, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 23, Ulm 89070, Germany
| | - Patrick Hermann
- Department
of Internal Medicine I, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 23, Ulm 89070, Germany
| | - Timo Jacob
- Institute
of Electrochemistry, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 47, Ulm 89081, Germany
| | - Mika Lindén
- Institute
of Inorganic Chemistry II, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, Ulm 89081, Germany
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5
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Schick BW, Hou X, Vanoppen V, Uhl M, Kruck M, Berg EJ, Jacob T. Revealing the Structural Evolution of Electrode/Electrolyte Interphase Formation during Magnesium Plating and Stripping with operando EQCM-D. ChemSusChem 2024; 17:e202301269. [PMID: 37848390 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202301269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
Rechargeable magnesium batteries could provide future energy storage systems with high energy density. One remaining challenge is the development of electrolytes compatible with the negative Mg electrode, enabling uniform plating and stripping with high Coulombic efficiencies. Often improvements are hindered by a lack of fundamental understanding of processes occurring during cycling, as well as the existence and structure of a formed interphase layer at the electrode/electrolyte interface. Here, a magnesium model electrolyte based on magnesium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (Mg(TFSI)2 ) and MgCl2 with a borohydride as additive, dissolved in dimethoxyethane (DME), was used to investigate the initial galvanostatic plating and stripping cycles operando using electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring (EQCM-D). We show that side reactions lead to the formation of an interphase of irreversibly deposited Mg during the initial cycles. EQCM-D based hydrodynamic spectroscopy reveals the growth of a porous layer during Mg stripping. After the first cycles, the interphase layer is in a dynamic equilibrium between the formation of the layer and its dissolution, resulting in a stable thickness upon further cycling. This study provides operando information of the interphase formation, its changes during cycling and the dynamic behavior, helping to rationally develop future electrolytes and electrode/electrolyte interfaces and interphases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin W Schick
- Institute of Electrochemistry, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 47, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Xu Hou
- Department of Chemistry - Ångström Laboratory, Structural Chemistry, Uppsala University, Lägerhyddsvägen 1, 752 37, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Viktor Vanoppen
- Department of Chemistry - Ångström Laboratory, Structural Chemistry, Uppsala University, Lägerhyddsvägen 1, 752 37, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Matthias Uhl
- Institute of Electrochemistry, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 47, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Matthias Kruck
- Institute of Electrochemistry, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 47, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Erik J Berg
- Department of Chemistry - Ångström Laboratory, Structural Chemistry, Uppsala University, Lägerhyddsvägen 1, 752 37, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Timo Jacob
- Institute of Electrochemistry, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 47, 89081, Ulm, Germany
- Helmholtz-Institute Ulm (HIU) for Electrochemical Energy Storage, Helmholtzstr. 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), P.O. Box 3640, 76021, Karlsruhe, Germany
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6
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Zech F, Jung C, Jacob T, Kirchhoff F. Causes and Consequences of Coronavirus Spike Protein Variability. Viruses 2024; 16:177. [PMID: 38399953 PMCID: PMC10892391 DOI: 10.3390/v16020177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Coronaviruses are a large family of enveloped RNA viruses found in numerous animal species. They are well known for their ability to cross species barriers and have been transmitted from bats or intermediate hosts to humans on several occasions. Four of the seven human coronaviruses (hCoVs) are responsible for approximately 20% of common colds (hCoV-229E, -NL63, -OC43, -HKU1). Two others (SARS-CoV-1 and MERS-CoV) cause severe and frequently lethal respiratory syndromes but have only spread to very limited extents in the human population. In contrast the most recent human hCoV, SARS-CoV-2, while exhibiting intermediate pathogenicity, has a profound impact on public health due to its enormous spread. In this review, we discuss which initial features of the SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein and subsequent adaptations to the new human host may have helped this pathogen to cause the COVID-19 pandemic. Our focus is on host forces driving changes in the Spike protein and their consequences for virus infectivity, pathogenicity, immune evasion and resistance to preventive or therapeutic agents. In addition, we briefly address the significance and perspectives of broad-spectrum therapeutics and vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Zech
- Institute of Molecular Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Christoph Jung
- Institute of Electrochemistry, Ulm University, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (C.J.); (T.J.)
- Helmholtz-Institute Ulm (HIU) Electrochemical Energy Storage, 89081 Ulm, Germany
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Timo Jacob
- Institute of Electrochemistry, Ulm University, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (C.J.); (T.J.)
- Helmholtz-Institute Ulm (HIU) Electrochemical Energy Storage, 89081 Ulm, Germany
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Frank Kirchhoff
- Institute of Molecular Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, 89081 Ulm, Germany
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7
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Uhl M, Sadeeda, Penert P, Schuster PA, Schick BW, Muench S, Farkas A, Schubert US, Esser B, Kuehne AJC, Jacob T. All-Organic Battery Based on Deep Eutectic Solvent and Redox-Active Polymers. ChemSusChem 2024; 17:e202301057. [PMID: 37505454 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202301057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Sustainable battery concepts are of great importance for the energy storage demands of the future. Organic batteries based on redox-active polymers are one class of promising storage systems to meet these demands, in particular when combined with environmentally friendly and safe electrolytes. Deep Eutectic Solvents (DESs) represent a class of electrolytes that can be produced from sustainable sources and exhibit in most cases no or only a small environmental impact. Because of their non-flammability, DESs are safe, while providing an electrochemical stability window almost comparable to established battery electrolytes and much broader than typical aqueous electrolytes. Here, we report the first all-organic battery cell based on a DES electrolyte, which in this case is composed of sodium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (NaTFSI) and N-methylacetamide (NMA) alongside the electrode active materials poly(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-1-yl-oxyl methacrylate) (PTMA) and crosslinked poly(vinylbenzylviologen) (X-PVBV2+ ). The resulting cell shows two voltage plateaus at 1.07 V and 1.58 V and achieves Coulombic efficiencies of 98 %. Surprisingly, the X-PVBV/X-PVBV+ redox couple turned out to be much more stable in NaTFSI : NMA 1 : 6 than the X-PVBV+ /X-PVBV2+ couple, leading to asymmetric capacity fading during cycling tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Uhl
- Institute of Electrochemistry, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 47, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Sadeeda
- Institute of Electrochemistry, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 47, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Philipp Penert
- Institute of Organic Chemistry II and Advanced Materials, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Philipp A Schuster
- Institute of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Benjamin W Schick
- Institute of Electrochemistry, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 47, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Simon Muench
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstrasse 10, 07743, Jena, Germany
- Center for Energy and Environmental Chemistry Jena (CEEC Jena), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Attila Farkas
- Institute of Electrochemistry, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 47, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Ulrich S Schubert
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstrasse 10, 07743, Jena, Germany
- Center for Energy and Environmental Chemistry Jena (CEEC Jena), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Birgit Esser
- Institute of Organic Chemistry II and Advanced Materials, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Alexander J C Kuehne
- Institute of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Timo Jacob
- Institute of Electrochemistry, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 47, 89081, Ulm, Germany
- Helmholtz-Institute Ulm (HIU) for Electrochemical Energy Storage, Helmholtzstr. 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), P.O. Box 3640, 76021, Karlsruhe, Germany
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8
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Elnagar MM, Liessem J, Im C, Mitoraj D, Kibler LA, Neumann C, Turchanin A, Leiter R, Kaiser U, Jacob T, Krivtsov I, Beranek R. Water-soluble ionic carbon nitride as unconventional stabilizer for highly catalytically active ultrafine gold nanoparticles. Nanoscale 2023; 15:19268-19281. [PMID: 37990869 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr03375a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
Ultrafine metal nanoparticles (NPs) hold promise for applications in many fields, including catalysis. However, ultrasmall NPs are typically prone to aggregation, which often leads to performance losses, such as severe deactivation in catalysis. Conventional stabilization strategies (e.g., immobilization, embedding, or surface modification by capping agents) are typically only partly effective and often lead to loss of catalytic activity. Herein, a novel type of stabilizers based on water-soluble ionic (K+ and Na+ containing) polymeric carbon nitride (i.e., K,Na-poly(heptazine imide) = K,Na-PHI) is reported that enables effective stabilization of highly catalytically active ultrafine (size of ∼2-3 nm) gold NPs. Experimental and theoretical comparative studies using different structural units of K,Na-PHI (i.e., cyanurate, melonate, cyamelurate) indicate that the presence of functionalized heptazine moieties is crucial for the synthesis and stabilization of small Au NPs. The K,Na-PHI-stabilized Au NPs exhibit remarkable dispersibility and outstanding stability even in solutions of high ionic strength, which is ascribed to more effective charge delocalization in the large heptazine units, resulting in more effective electrostatic stabilization of Au NPs. The outstanding catalytic performance of Au NPs stabilized by K,Na-PHI is demonstrated using the selective reduction of 4-nitrophenol to 4-aminophenol by NaBH4 as a model reaction, in which they outperform even the benchmark "naked" Au NPs electrostatically stabilized by excess NaBH4. This work thus establishes ionic carbon nitrides (PHI) as alternative capping agents enabling effective stabilization without compromising surface catalysis, and opens up a route for further developments in utilizing PHI-based stabilizers for the synthesis of high-performance nanocatalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed M Elnagar
- Institute of Electrochemistry, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 47, 89081 Ulm, Germany.
| | - Johannes Liessem
- Institute of Electrochemistry, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 47, 89081 Ulm, Germany.
| | - Changbin Im
- Institute of Electrochemistry, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 47, 89081 Ulm, Germany.
| | - Dariusz Mitoraj
- Institute of Electrochemistry, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 47, 89081 Ulm, Germany.
| | - Ludwig A Kibler
- Institute of Electrochemistry, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 47, 89081 Ulm, Germany.
| | - Christof Neumann
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM) and Center for Energy and Environmental Chemistry Jena (CEEC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Lessingstr. 10, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Andrey Turchanin
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM) and Center for Energy and Environmental Chemistry Jena (CEEC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Lessingstr. 10, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Robert Leiter
- Electron Microscopy of Materials Science, Central Facility for Electron Microscopy, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Ute Kaiser
- Electron Microscopy of Materials Science, Central Facility for Electron Microscopy, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Timo Jacob
- Institute of Electrochemistry, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 47, 89081 Ulm, Germany.
- Helmholtz-Institute-Ulm (HIU) Electrochemical Energy Storage, Helmholtzstr. 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), P.O. Box 3640, 76021, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Igor Krivtsov
- Institute of Electrochemistry, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 47, 89081 Ulm, Germany.
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Radim Beranek
- Institute of Electrochemistry, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 47, 89081 Ulm, Germany.
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9
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Jung CK, Münch J, Jacob T. Conformational States of the CXCR4 Inhibitor Peptide EPI-X4-A Theoretical Analysis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16229. [PMID: 38003419 PMCID: PMC10671355 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242216229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
EPI-X4, an endogenous peptide inhibitor, has exhibited potential as a blocker of CXCR4-a G protein-coupled receptor. This unique inhibitor demonstrates the ability to impede HIV-1 infection and halt CXCR4-dependent processes such as tumor cell migration and invagination. Despite its promising effects, a comprehensive understanding of the interaction between EPI-X4 and CXCR4 under natural conditions remains elusive due to experimental limitations. To bridge this knowledge gap, a simulation approach was undertaken. Approximately 150,000 secondary structures of EPI-X4 were subjected to simulations to identify thermodynamically stable candidates. This simulation process harnessed a self-developed reactive force field operating within the ReaxFF framework. The application of the Two-Phase Thermodynamic methodology to ReaxFF facilitated the derivation of crucial thermodynamic attributes of the EPI-X4 conformers. To deepen insights, an ab initio density functional theory calculation method was employed to assess the electrostatic potentials of the most relevant (i.e., stable) EPI-X4 structures. This analytical endeavor aimed to enhance comprehension of the inhibitor's structural characteristics. As a result of these investigations, predictions were made regarding how EPI-X4 interacts with CXCR4. Two pivotal requirements emerged. Firstly, the spatial conformation of EPI-X4 must align effectively with the CXCR4 receptor protein. Secondly, the functional groups present on the surface of the inhibitor's structure must complement the corresponding features of CXCR4 to induce attraction between the two entities. These predictive outcomes were based on a meticulous analysis of the conformers, conducted in a gaseous environment. Ultimately, this rigorous exploration yielded a suitable EPI-X4 structure that fulfills the spatial and functional prerequisites for interacting with CXCR4, thus potentially shedding light on new avenues for therapeutic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Karsten Jung
- Helmholtz Institute Ulm (HIU) Electrochemical Energy Storage, Helmholtzstr. 11, D-89081 Ulm, Germany
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
- Institute of Electrochemistry, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 47, D-89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Jan Münch
- Institute of Molecular Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, Meyerhofstr. 1, D-89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Timo Jacob
- Helmholtz Institute Ulm (HIU) Electrochemical Energy Storage, Helmholtzstr. 11, D-89081 Ulm, Germany
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
- Institute of Electrochemistry, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 47, D-89081 Ulm, Germany
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10
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Wang Q, Noettger S, Xie Q, Pastorio C, Seidel A, Müller JA, Jung C, Jacob T, Sparrer KMJ, Zech F, Kirchhoff F. Determinants of species-specific utilization of ACE2 by human and animal coronaviruses. Commun Biol 2023; 6:1051. [PMID: 37848611 PMCID: PMC10582019 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-05436-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Utilization of human ACE2 allowed several bat coronaviruses (CoVs), including the causative agent of COVID-19, to infect humans directly or via intermediate hosts. However, the determinants of species-specific differences in ACE2 usage and the frequency of the ability of animal CoVs to use human ACE2 are poorly understood. Here we applied VSV pseudoviruses to analyze the ability of Spike proteins from 26 human or animal CoVs to use ACE2 receptors across nine reservoir, potential intermediate and human hosts. We show that SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variants evolved towards more efficient ACE2 usage but mutation of R493Q in BA.4/5 and XBB Spike proteins disrupts utilization of ACE2 from Greater horseshoe bats. Variations in ACE2 residues 31, 41 and 354 govern species-specific differences in usage by coronaviral Spike proteins. Mutation of T403R allows the RaTG13 bat CoV Spike to efficiently use all ACE2 orthologs for viral entry. Sera from COVID-19 vaccinated individuals neutralize the Spike proteins of various bat Sarbecoviruses. Our results define determinants of ACE2 receptor usage of diverse CoVs and suggest that COVID-19 vaccination may protect against future zoonoses of bat coronaviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingxing Wang
- Institute of Molecular Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Sabrina Noettger
- Institute of Molecular Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Qinya Xie
- Institute of Molecular Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Chiara Pastorio
- Institute of Molecular Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Alina Seidel
- Institute of Molecular Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Janis A Müller
- Institute of Molecular Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, 89081, Ulm, Germany
- Institute of Virology, Philipps University Marburg, 35043, Marburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Jung
- Institute of Electrochemistry, Ulm University, 89081, Ulm, Germany
- Helmholtz-Institute Ulm (HIU) Electrochemical Energy Storage, 89081, Ulm, Germany
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76021, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Timo Jacob
- Institute of Electrochemistry, Ulm University, 89081, Ulm, Germany
- Helmholtz-Institute Ulm (HIU) Electrochemical Energy Storage, 89081, Ulm, Germany
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76021, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | | | - Fabian Zech
- Institute of Molecular Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Frank Kirchhoff
- Institute of Molecular Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, 89081, Ulm, Germany.
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11
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Elkhafif OW, Hassan HK, Ceblin MU, Farkas A, Jacob T. Influence of Residual Water Traces on the Electrochemical Performance of Hydrophobic Ionic Liquids for Magnesium-Containing Electrolytes. ChemSusChem 2023; 16:e202300421. [PMID: 37338003 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202300421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
A trace amount of water is typically unavoidable as an impurity in ionic liquids, which is a huge challenge for their application in Mg-ion batteries. Here, we employed molecular sieves of different pore diameters (3, 4, and 5 Å), to effectively remove the trace amounts of water from 1-methyl-1-propylpiperidinium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (MPPip-TFSI) and 1-butyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (BMP-TFSI). Notably, after sieving (water content <1 mg ⋅ L-1 ), new anodic peaks arise that are attributed to the formation of different anion-cation structures induced by minimizing the influence of hydrogen bonds. Furthermore, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) reveals that the electrolyte resistance decreases by ∼10 % for MPPip-TFSI and by ∼28 % for BMP-TFSI after sieving. The electrochemical Mg deposition/dissolution is investigated in MPPip-TFSI/tetraglyme (1 : 1)+100 mM Mg(TFSI)2 +10 mM Mg(BH4 )2 using Ag/AgCl and Mg reference electrodes. The presence of a trace amount of water leads to a considerable shift of 0.9 V vs. Mg2+/ Mg in the overpotential of Mg deposition. In contrast, drying of MPPip-TFSI enhances the reversibility of Mg deposition/dissolution and suppresses the passivation of the Mg electrode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar W Elkhafif
- Institute of Electrochemistry, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 47, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Hagar K Hassan
- Institute of Electrochemistry, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 47, 89081, Ulm, Germany
- Helmholtz Institute Ulm (HIU) - Electrochemical Energy Storage, Helmholtzstr. 11, D-89081, Ulm, Germany
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), P.O. Box 3640, D-76021, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Maximilian U Ceblin
- Institute of Electrochemistry, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 47, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Attila Farkas
- Institute of Electrochemistry, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 47, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Timo Jacob
- Institute of Electrochemistry, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 47, 89081, Ulm, Germany
- Helmholtz Institute Ulm (HIU) - Electrochemical Energy Storage, Helmholtzstr. 11, D-89081, Ulm, Germany
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), P.O. Box 3640, D-76021, Karlsruhe, Germany
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12
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Artmann E, Schmider T, Jacob T, Engstfeld AK. Facet-Dependent Formation and Adhesion of Au Oxide and Nanoporous Au on Poly-Oriented Au Single Crystals. Chemphyschem 2023; 24:e202300428. [PMID: 37435757 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202300428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023]
Abstract
Nanoporous Au (NPG) has different properties compared to bulk Au, making it an interesting material for numerous applications. To modify the structure of NPG films for specific applications, e. g., the porosity, thickness, and homogeneity of the films, a fundamental understanding of the structure formation is essential. Here, we focus on NPG prepared via electrochemical reduction from Au oxide formed during high voltage (HV) electrolysis on poly-oriented Au single crystal (Au POSC) electrodes. These POSCs consist of a metal bead, with faces with different crystallographic orientations and allow screening of the influence of crystallographic orientation on the structure formation for different facets in one experiment. The HV electrolysis is performed between 100 ms and 30 s at 300 V and 540 V. The amount of Au oxide formed is determined by electrochemical measurements and the structural properties are investigated by scanning electron and optical microscopy. We show that the formation of Au oxide is mostly independent of the crystallographic orientation, except for thick layers, while the macroscopic structure of the NPG films depends on experimental parameters such as the Au oxide precursor thickness and the crystallographic orientation of the substrate. Possible reasons for the frequently observed exfoliation of the NPG films are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelyn Artmann
- Institute of Electrochemistry, Ulm University, D-89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Tobias Schmider
- Institute of Electrochemistry, Ulm University, D-89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Timo Jacob
- Institute of Electrochemistry, Ulm University, D-89081, Ulm, Germany
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13
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Elnagar MM, Menezes PV, Parada WA, Mattausch Y, Kibler LA, Mayrhofer KJJ, Jacob T. Tailoring Cu Electrodes for Enhanced CO 2 Electroreduction through Plasma Electrolysis in Non-Conventional Phosphorus-Oxoanion-Based Electrolytes. ChemSusChem 2023:e202300934. [PMID: 37544913 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202300934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
This study presents a green, ultra-fast, and facile technique for the fabrication of micro/nano-structured and porous Cu electrodes through in-liquid plasma electrolysis using phosphorous-oxoanion-based electrolytes. Besides the preferential surface faceting, the Cu electrodes exhibit unique surface structures, including octahedral nanocrystals besides nanoporous and microporous structures, depending on the employed electrolyte. The incorporation of P-atoms into the Cu surfaces is observed. The modified Cu electrodes display increased roughness, leading to higher current densities for CO2 electroreduction reaction. The selectivity of the modified Cu electrodes towards C2 products is highest for the Cu electrodes treated in Na2 HPO3 and Na3 PO4 electrolytes, whereas those treated in Na2 H2 PO2 produce the most H2 . The Cu electrode treated in Na3 PO4 produces ethylene (23 %) at -1.1 V vs. RHE, and a comparable amount of acetaldehyde (15 %) that is typically observed for Cu(110) single crystals. The enhanced selectivity is attributed to several factors, including the surface morphology, the incorporation of phosphorus into the Cu structure, and the formation of Cu(110) facets. Our results not only advance our understanding of the influence of the electrolyte's nature on the plasma electrolysis of Cu electrodes, but also underscores the potential of in-liquid plasma treatment for developing efficient Cu electrocatalysts for sustainable CO2 conversion.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pramod V Menezes
- Institute of Electrochemistry, Ulm University, 89069, Ulm, Germany
| | - Walter A Parada
- Helmholtz Institute Erlangen-Nürnberg for Renewable Energy (HI ERN), Egerlandstr. 3, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | | | - Ludwig A Kibler
- Institute of Electrochemistry, Ulm University, 89069, Ulm, Germany
| | - Karl J J Mayrhofer
- Helmholtz Institute Erlangen-Nürnberg for Renewable Energy (HI ERN), Egerlandstr. 3, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Timo Jacob
- Institute of Electrochemistry, Ulm University, 89069, Ulm, Germany
- Helmholtz-Institute-Ulm (HIU) Electrochemical Energy Storage, 89081, Ulm, Germany
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), P.O. Box 3640, 76021, Karlsruhe, Germany
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14
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Mondal I, Menezes PV, Laun K, Diemant T, Al-Shakran M, Zebger I, Jacob T, Driess M, Menezes PW. In-Liquid Plasma-Mediated Manganese Oxide Electrocatalysts for Quasi-Industrial Water Oxidation and Selective Dehydrogenation. ACS Nano 2023. [PMID: 37395671 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c04296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
The production of renewable feedstocks through the coupled oxygen evolution reaction (OER) with selective organic oxidation requires a perfect balance in the choice of a catalyst and its synthesis access, morphology, and catalytic activity. Herein we report a rapid in-liquid plasma approach to produce a hierarchical amorphous birnessite-type manganese oxide layer on 3D nickel foam. The as-prepared anode exhibits an OER activity with overpotentials of 220, 250, and 270 mV for 100, 500, and 1000 mA·cm-2, respectively, and can spontaneously be paired with chemoselective dehydrogenation of benzylamine under both ambient and industrial (6 M KOH, 65 °C) alkaline conditions. The in-depth ex-situ and in-situ characterization unequivocally demonstrate the intercalation of potassium in the birnessite-type phase with prevalent MnIII states as an active structure, which displays a trade-off between porous morphology and bulk volume catalytic activity. Further, a structure-activity relationship is realized based on the cation size and structurally similar manganese oxide polymorphs. The presented method is a substantial step forward in developing a robust MnOx catalyst for combining effective industrial OER and value-added organic oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indranil Mondal
- Department of Chemistry: Metalorganics and Inorganic Materials, Technische Universität Berlin, Straße des 17. Juni 135, Sekr. C2, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Pramod V Menezes
- Institute of Electrochemistry, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Alee 47, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Konstantin Laun
- Department of Chemistry: Physical Chemistry/Biophysical Chemistry, Technische Universität Berlin, Straße des 17. Juni 135, Sekr. PC14, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas Diemant
- Helmholtz-Institute Ulm-Electrochemical Energy Storage, Helmholtzstraße 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, P.O. Box 3640, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Mohammad Al-Shakran
- Institute of Electrochemistry, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Alee 47, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Ingo Zebger
- Department of Chemistry: Physical Chemistry/Biophysical Chemistry, Technische Universität Berlin, Straße des 17. Juni 135, Sekr. PC14, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Timo Jacob
- Institute of Electrochemistry, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Alee 47, 89081 Ulm, Germany
- Helmholtz-Institute Ulm-Electrochemical Energy Storage, Helmholtzstraße 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, P.O. Box 3640, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Matthias Driess
- Department of Chemistry: Metalorganics and Inorganic Materials, Technische Universität Berlin, Straße des 17. Juni 135, Sekr. C2, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Prashanth W Menezes
- Department of Chemistry: Metalorganics and Inorganic Materials, Technische Universität Berlin, Straße des 17. Juni 135, Sekr. C2, 10623 Berlin, Germany
- Materials Chemistry Group for Thin Film Catalysis-CatLab, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, Albert-Einstein-Straße 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany
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15
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Kirchhoff B, Jung C, Gaissmaier D, Braunwarth L, Fantauzzi D, Jacob T. In silico characterization of nanoparticles. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:13228-13243. [PMID: 37161752 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp01073b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Nanoparticles (NPs) make for intriguing heterogeneous catalysts due to their large active surface area and excellent and often size-dependent catalytic properties that emerge from a multitude of chemically different surface reaction sites. NP catalysts are, in principle, also highly tunable: even small changes to the NP size or surface facet composition, doping with heteroatoms, or changes of the supporting material can significantly alter their physicochemical properties. Because synthesis of size- and shape-controlled NP catalysts is challenging, the ability to computationally predict the most favorable NP structures for a catalytic reaction of interest is an in-demand skill that can help accelerate and streamline the material optimization process. Fundamentally, simulations of NP model systems present unique challenges to computational scientists. Not only must considerable methodological hurdles be overcome in performing calculations with hundreds to thousands of atoms while retaining appropriate accuracy to be able to probe the desired properties. Also, the data generated by simulations of NPs are typically more complex than data from simulations of, for example, single crystal surface models, and therefore often require different data analysis strategies. To this end, the present work aims to review analytical methods and data analysis strategies that have proven useful in extracting thermodynamic trends from NP simulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Björn Kirchhoff
- Institute of Electrochemistry, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 47, 89081 Ulm, Germany.
| | - Christoph Jung
- Institute of Electrochemistry, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 47, 89081 Ulm, Germany.
- Helmholtz-Institute Ulm (HIU) Electrochemical Energy Storage, Helmholtz-Straße 16, 89081 Ulm, Germany
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), P.O. Box 3640, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Daniel Gaissmaier
- Institute of Electrochemistry, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 47, 89081 Ulm, Germany.
- Helmholtz-Institute Ulm (HIU) Electrochemical Energy Storage, Helmholtz-Straße 16, 89081 Ulm, Germany
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), P.O. Box 3640, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Laura Braunwarth
- Institute of Electrochemistry, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 47, 89081 Ulm, Germany.
| | - Donato Fantauzzi
- Institute of Electrochemistry, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 47, 89081 Ulm, Germany.
| | - Timo Jacob
- Institute of Electrochemistry, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 47, 89081 Ulm, Germany.
- Helmholtz-Institute Ulm (HIU) Electrochemical Energy Storage, Helmholtz-Straße 16, 89081 Ulm, Germany
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), P.O. Box 3640, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
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16
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Karcher F, Uhl M, Geng T, Jacob T, Schuster R. Entropic Contributions to Sodium Solvation and Solvent Stabilization upon Electrochemical Sodium deposition from Diglyme and Propylene Carbonate Electrolytes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202301253. [PMID: 36924238 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202301253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
The formation of an appropriate solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) at the anode of a sodium battery is crucially dependent on the electrochemical stability of solvent and electrolyte at the redox potential of Na/Na+ in the respective system. In order to determine entropic contributions to the relative stability of the electrolyte solution, we measure the reaction entropy of Na metal deposition for diglyme (DG) and propylene carbonate (PC) based electrolyte solutions by electrochemical microcalorimetry at single electrodes. We found a large positive reaction entropy for Na+ deposition in DG of [[EQUATION]] 234 J mol-1 K-1 (c.f.: [[EQUATION]] 83 J mol-1 K-1), which signals substantial entropic destabilization of Na+ in DG by about 0.73 eV, thus increasing the stability of solvent and electrolyte relative to Na+ reduction. We attribute this strong entropic destabilization to a highly negative solvation entropy of Na+, due to the low dielectric constant and high freezing entropy of DG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Karcher
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology South Campus: Karlsruher Institut fur Technologie, Institute of Physical Chemistry, GERMANY
| | - Matthias Uhl
- University of Ulm: Universitat Ulm, Institute of Electrochemistry, GERMANY
| | - Tanja Geng
- University of Ulm: Universitat Ulm, Institute of Electrochemicstry, GERMANY
| | - Timo Jacob
- University of Ulm: Universitat Ulm, Institute of Electrochemistry, GERMANY
| | - Rolf Schuster
- Karlsruher Institut für Technologie KIT, Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Kaiserstr. 12, 76131, Karlsruhe, GERMANY
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17
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Karcher F, Uhl M, Geng T, Jacob T, Schuster R. Entropic Contributions to Sodium Solvation and Solvent Stabilization upon Electrochemical Sodium deposition from Diglyme and Propylene Carbonate Electrolytes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202301253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Karcher
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology South Campus: Karlsruher Institut fur Technologie Institute of Physical Chemistry GERMANY
| | - Matthias Uhl
- University of Ulm: Universitat Ulm Institute of Electrochemistry GERMANY
| | - Tanja Geng
- University of Ulm: Universitat Ulm Institute of Electrochemicstry GERMANY
| | - Timo Jacob
- University of Ulm: Universitat Ulm Institute of Electrochemistry GERMANY
| | - Rolf Schuster
- Karlsruher Institut für Technologie KIT Institut für Physikalische Chemie Kaiserstr. 12 76131 Karlsruhe GERMANY
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18
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Artmann E, Forschner L, Schüttler KM, Al-Shakran M, Jacob T, Engstfeld AK. Nanoporous Au Formation on Au Substrates via High Voltage Electrolysis. Chemphyschem 2023; 24:e202200645. [PMID: 36328970 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202200645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Nanoporous Au (NPG) films have promising properties, making them suitable for various applications in (electro)catalysis or (bio)sensing. Tuning the structural properties, such as the pore size or the surface-to-volume ratio, often requires complex starting materials such as alloys, multiple synthesis steps, lengthy preparation procedures or a combination of these factors. Here we present an approach that circumvents these difficulties, enabling for a rapid and controlled preparation of NPG films starting from a bare Au electrode. In a first approach a Au oxide film is prepared by high voltage (HV) electrolysis in a KOH solution, which is then reduced either electrochemically or in the presence of H2 O2 . The resulting NPG structures and their electrochemically active surface areas strongly depend on the reduction procedure, the concentration and temperature of the H2 O2 -containing KOH solution, as well as the applied voltage and temperature during HV electrolysis. Secondly, the NPG film can be prepared directly by applying voltages that result in anodic contact glow discharge electrolysis (aCGDE). By carefully adjusting the corresponding parameters, the surface area of the final NPG film can be specifically controlled. The structural properties of the electrodes are investigated by means of XPS, SEM and electrochemical methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelyn Artmann
- Institute of Electrochemistry, Ulm University, D-89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Lukas Forschner
- Institute of Electrochemistry, Ulm University, D-89081, Ulm, Germany
| | | | | | - Timo Jacob
- Institute of Electrochemistry, Ulm University, D-89081, Ulm, Germany
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19
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Bord J, Kirchhoff B, Baldofski M, Jung C, Jacob T. An Atomistic View of Platinum Cluster Growth on Pristine and Defective Graphene Supports. Small 2023; 19:e2207484. [PMID: 36650999 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202207484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Density functional theory (DFT) is used to systematically investigate the electronic structure of platinum clusters grown on different graphene substrates. Platinum clusters with 1 to 10 atoms and graphene vacancy defect supports with 0 to 5 missing C atoms are investigated. Calculations show that Pt clusters bind more strongly as the vacancy size increases. For a given defect size, increasing the cluster size leads to more endothermic energy of formation, suggesting a templating effect that limits cluster growth. The opposite trend is observed for defect-free graphene where the formation energy becomes more exothermic with increasing cluster size. Calculations show that oxidation of the defect weakens binding of the Pt cluster, hence it is suggested that oxygen-free graphene supports are critical for successful attachment of Pt to carbon-based substrates. However, once the combined material is formed, oxygen adsorption is more favorable on the cluster than on the support, indicating resistance to oxidative support degradation. Finally, while highly-symmetric defects are found to encourage formation of symmetric Pt clusters, calculations also reveal that cluster stability in this size range mostly depends on the number of and ratio between PtC, PtPt, and PtO bonds; the actual cluster geometry seems secondary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Bord
- Institute of Electrochemistry, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 47, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Björn Kirchhoff
- Institute of Electrochemistry, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 47, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Matthias Baldofski
- Freudenberg Technology Innovation SE & Co. KG, Hoehnerweg 2-4, 69469, Weinheim, Germany
- Fraunhofer-Institute for Mechanics of Materials IWM, Wöhlerstraße 11, 79108, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Jung
- Institute of Electrochemistry, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 47, 89081, Ulm, Germany
- Helmholtz Institute Ulm (HIU) Electrochemical Energy Storage, Helmholtz-Straße 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), P.O. Box 3640, 76021, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Timo Jacob
- Institute of Electrochemistry, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 47, 89081, Ulm, Germany
- Helmholtz Institute Ulm (HIU) Electrochemical Energy Storage, Helmholtz-Straße 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), P.O. Box 3640, 76021, Karlsruhe, Germany
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20
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Fiesinger F, Gaissmaier D, van den Borg M, Beßner J, van Duin ACT, Jacob T. Development of a Mg/O ReaxFF Potential to describe the Passivation Processes in Magnesium-Ion Batteries. ChemSusChem 2023; 16:e202201821. [PMID: 36345708 PMCID: PMC10107363 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202201821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
One of the key challenges preventing the breakthrough of magnesium-ion batteries (MIB) is the formation of a passivating boundary layer at the Mg anode. To describe the initial steps of Mg anode degradation by O2 impurities, a Mg/O ReaxFF (force field for reactive systems) parameter set was developed capable of accurately modeling the bulk, surface, adsorption, and diffusion properties of metallic Mg and the salt MgO. It is shown that O2 immediately dissociates upon first contact with the Mg anode (modeled as Mg(0001), Mg(10 1 ‾ $\bar 1$ 0)A, and Mg(10 1 ‾ $\bar 1$ 1)), heating the surface to several 1000 K. The high temperature assists the further oxidation and forms a rock salt interphase intersected by several grain boundaries. Among the Mg surface terminations, Mg(10 1 ‾ $\bar 1$ 0)A is the most reactive, forming an MgO layer with a thickness of up to 25 Å. The trained force field can be used to model the ongoing reactions in Mg-air batteries but also to study the oxidation of magnesium metal in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Fiesinger
- Institute of ElectrochemistryUlm UniversityAlbert-Einstein-Allee 4789081UlmGermany
| | - Daniel Gaissmaier
- Institute of ElectrochemistryUlm UniversityAlbert-Einstein-Allee 4789081UlmGermany
- Helmholtz-Institute Ulm (HIU) for Electrochemical Energy StorageHelmholtzstr. 1189081UlmGermany
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)P.O. Box 364076021KarlsruheGermany
| | | | - Julian Beßner
- Institute of ElectrochemistryUlm UniversityAlbert-Einstein-Allee 4789081UlmGermany
| | - Adri C. T. van Duin
- Department of Mechanical and Nuclear EngineeringPennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPA16801USA
| | - Timo Jacob
- Institute of ElectrochemistryUlm UniversityAlbert-Einstein-Allee 4789081UlmGermany
- Helmholtz-Institute Ulm (HIU) for Electrochemical Energy StorageHelmholtzstr. 1189081UlmGermany
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)P.O. Box 364076021KarlsruheGermany
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21
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Uhl M, Geng T, Schuster PA, Schick BW, Kruck M, Fuoss A, Kuehne AJC, Jacob T. Combining Deep Eutectic Solvents with TEMPO-based Polymer Electrodes: Influence of Molar Ratio on Electrode Performance. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202214927. [PMID: 36336655 PMCID: PMC10107120 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202214927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
For sustainable energy storage, all-organic batteries based on redox-active polymers promise to become an alternative to lithium ion batteries. Yet, polymers contribute to the goal of an all-organic cell as electrodes or as solid electrolytes. Here, we replace the electrolyte with a deep eutectic solvent (DES) composed of sodium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (NaTFSI) and N-methylacetamide (NMA), while using poly(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-1-yl-oxyl methacrylate) (PTMA) as cathode. The successful combination of a DES with a polymer electrode is reported here for the first time. The electrochemical stability of PTMA electrodes in the DES at the eutectic molar ratio of 1 : 6 is comparable to conventional battery electrolytes. More viscous electrolytes with higher salt concentration can hinder cycling at high rates. Lower salt concentration leads to decreasing capacities and faster decomposition. The eutectic mixture of 1 : 6 is best suited uniting high stability and moderate viscosity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Uhl
- Institute of Electrochemistry, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 47, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Tanja Geng
- Institute of Electrochemistry, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 47, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Philipp A Schuster
- Institute of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Benjamin W Schick
- Institute of Electrochemistry, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 47, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Matthias Kruck
- Institute of Electrochemistry, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 47, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Alexander Fuoss
- Institute of Electrochemistry, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 47, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Alexander J C Kuehne
- Institute of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Timo Jacob
- Institute of Electrochemistry, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 47, 89081, Ulm, Germany.,Helmholtz-Institute Ulm (HIU) for Electrochemical Energy Storage, Helmholtzstr. 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany.,Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), P.O. Box 3640, 76021, Karlsruhe, Germany
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22
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Braunwarth L, Jung C, Jacob T. Potential-Dependent Pt(111)/Water Interface: Tackling the Challenge of a Consistent Treatment of Electrochemical Interfaces. Chemphyschem 2023; 24:e202200336. [PMID: 36123306 PMCID: PMC10092414 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202200336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The interface between an electrode and an electrolyte is where electrochemical processes take place for countless technologically important applications. Despite its high relevance and intense efforts to elucidate it, a description of the interfacial structure and, in particular, the dynamics of the electric double layer at the atomic level is still lacking. Here we present reactive force-field molecular dynamics simulations of electrified Pt(111)/water interfaces, shedding light on the orientation of water molecules in the vicinity of the Pt(111) surface, taking into account the influence of potential, adsorbates, and ions simultaneously. We obtain a shift in the preferred orientation of water in the surface oxidation potential region, which breaks with the previously proclaimed strict correlation to the free charge density. Moreover, the characterization is complemented by course of the entropy and the intermolecular ordering in the interfacial region complements the characterization. Our work contributes to the ongoing process of understanding electric double layers and, in particular, the structure of the electrified Pt(111)/water interface, and aims to provide insights into the electrochemical processes occurring there.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Braunwarth
- Institute of Electrochemistry, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 47, D-89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Christoph Jung
- Institute of Electrochemistry, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 47, D-89081, Ulm, Germany.,Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), P.O. Box 3640, D-76021, Karlsruhe, Germany.,Helmholtz Institute Ulm (HIU) Electrochemical Energy Storage, Helmholtzstr. 11, D-89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Timo Jacob
- Institute of Electrochemistry, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 47, D-89081, Ulm, Germany.,Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), P.O. Box 3640, D-76021, Karlsruhe, Germany.,Helmholtz Institute Ulm (HIU) Electrochemical Energy Storage, Helmholtzstr. 11, D-89081, Ulm, Germany
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23
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Kang S, Im C, Spanos I, Ham K, Lim A, Jacob T, Schlögl R, Lee J. Durable Nickel-Iron (Oxy)hydroxide Oxygen Evolution Electrocatalysts through Surface Functionalization with Tetraphenylporphyrin. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202214541. [PMID: 36274053 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202214541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
NiFe-based oxides are one of the best-known active oxygen evolution electrocatalysts. Unfortunately, they rapidly lost performance in Fe-purified KOH during the reaction. Herein, tetraphenylporphyrin (TPP) was loaded on a catalyst/electrolyte interface to alleviate the destabilization of NiFe (oxy)hydroxide. We propose that the degradation occurs primarily due to the release of thermodynamically unstable Fe. TPP acts as a protective layer and suppresses the dissolution of hydrated metal at the catalyst/electrolyte interface. In the electric double layer, the nonpolar TPP layer on the NiFe surface also invigorates the redeposition of the active site, Fe, which leads to prolonging the lifetime of NiFe. The TPP-coated NiFe was demonstrated in anion exchange membrane water electrolysis, where hydrogen was generated at a rate of 126 L h-1 for 115 h at a 1.41 mV h-1 degradation rate. Consequently, TPP is a promising protective layer that could stabilize oxygen evolution electrocatalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sinwoo Kang
- School of Earth Sciences and Environmental Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea.,International Future Research Center of Chemical Energy Storage and Conversion Processes (ifRC-CHESS), GIST, Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Changbin Im
- Institute of Electrochemistry, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Ioannis Spanos
- Department of Heterogeneous Reactions, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, Stiftstrasse 34-36, 45470, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Kahyun Ham
- School of Earth Sciences and Environmental Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea.,International Future Research Center of Chemical Energy Storage and Conversion Processes (ifRC-CHESS), GIST, Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea.,Ertl Center for Electrochemistry and Catalysis, GIST, Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Ahyoun Lim
- Department of Heterogeneous Reactions, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, Stiftstrasse 34-36, 45470, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Timo Jacob
- Institute of Electrochemistry, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany.,Helmholtz-Institute Ulm (HIU) Electrochemical Energy Storage, Ulm, Germany.,Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Robert Schlögl
- Department of Heterogeneous Reactions, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, Stiftstrasse 34-36, 45470, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany.,Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Fritz Haber Institut der Max-Planck-Gesselschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jaeyoung Lee
- School of Earth Sciences and Environmental Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea.,International Future Research Center of Chemical Energy Storage and Conversion Processes (ifRC-CHESS), GIST, Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea.,Ertl Center for Electrochemistry and Catalysis, GIST, Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
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24
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Kang S, Im C, Spanos I, Ham K, Lim A, Jacob T, Schlögl R, Lee J. Durable Nickel‐Iron (Oxy)hydroxide Oxygen Evolution Electrocatalysts through Surface Functionalization with Tetraphenylporphyrin. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202216924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sinwoo Kang
- School of Earth Sciences and Environmental Engineering Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST) Gwangju 61005 Republic of Korea
- International Future Research Center of Chemical Energy Storage and Conversion Processes (ifRC-CHESS) GIST Gwangju 61005 Republic of Korea
| | - Changbin Im
- Institute of Electrochemistry Ulm University Ulm Germany
| | - Ioannis Spanos
- Department of Heterogeneous Reactions Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion Stiftstrasse 34–36 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr Germany
| | - Kahyun Ham
- School of Earth Sciences and Environmental Engineering Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST) Gwangju 61005 Republic of Korea
- International Future Research Center of Chemical Energy Storage and Conversion Processes (ifRC-CHESS) GIST Gwangju 61005 Republic of Korea
- Ertl Center for Electrochemical and Catalysis GIST Gwangju 61005 Republic of Korea
| | - Ahyoun Lim
- Department of Heterogeneous Reactions Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion Stiftstrasse 34–36 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr Germany
| | - Timo Jacob
- Institute of Electrochemistry Ulm University Ulm Germany
- Helmholtz-Institute Ulm (HIU) Electrochemical Energy Storage Ulm Germany
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Robert Schlögl
- Department of Heterogeneous Reactions Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion Stiftstrasse 34–36 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr Germany
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry Fritz Haber Institut der Max-Planck-Gesselschaft Faradayweg 4–6 14195 Berlin Germany
| | - Jaeyoung Lee
- School of Earth Sciences and Environmental Engineering Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST) Gwangju 61005 Republic of Korea
- International Future Research Center of Chemical Energy Storage and Conversion Processes (ifRC-CHESS) GIST Gwangju 61005 Republic of Korea
- Ertl Center for Electrochemical and Catalysis GIST Gwangju 61005 Republic of Korea
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25
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Kang S, Im C, Spanos I, Ham K, Lim A, Jacob T, Schlögl R, Lee J. Durable Nickel‐Iron (Oxy)hydroxide Oxygen Evolution Electrocatalysts through Surface Functionalization with Tetraphenylporphyrin. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202216924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sinwoo Kang
- School of Earth Sciences and Environmental Engineering Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST) Gwangju 61005 Republic of Korea
- International Future Research Center of Chemical Energy Storage and Conversion Processes (ifRC-CHESS) GIST Gwangju 61005 Republic of Korea
| | - Changbin Im
- Institute of Electrochemistry Ulm University Ulm Germany
| | - Ioannis Spanos
- Department of Heterogeneous Reactions Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion Stiftstrasse 34–36 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr Germany
| | - Kahyun Ham
- School of Earth Sciences and Environmental Engineering Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST) Gwangju 61005 Republic of Korea
- International Future Research Center of Chemical Energy Storage and Conversion Processes (ifRC-CHESS) GIST Gwangju 61005 Republic of Korea
- Ertl Center for Electrochemical and Catalysis GIST Gwangju 61005 Republic of Korea
| | - Ahyoun Lim
- Department of Heterogeneous Reactions Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion Stiftstrasse 34–36 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr Germany
| | - Timo Jacob
- Institute of Electrochemistry Ulm University Ulm Germany
- Helmholtz-Institute Ulm (HIU) Electrochemical Energy Storage Ulm Germany
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Robert Schlögl
- Department of Heterogeneous Reactions Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion Stiftstrasse 34–36 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr Germany
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry Fritz Haber Institut der Max-Planck-Gesselschaft Faradayweg 4–6 14195 Berlin Germany
| | - Jaeyoung Lee
- School of Earth Sciences and Environmental Engineering Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST) Gwangju 61005 Republic of Korea
- International Future Research Center of Chemical Energy Storage and Conversion Processes (ifRC-CHESS) GIST Gwangju 61005 Republic of Korea
- Ertl Center for Electrochemical and Catalysis GIST Gwangju 61005 Republic of Korea
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26
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Rutz D, Bauer I, Brauchle F, Jacob T. Designing a reference electrode – An approach to fabricate laser perforated reference electrodes for lithium-ion batteries. Electrochim Acta 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2022.141768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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27
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Uhl M, Geng T, Schuster PA, Schick BW, Kruck M, Fuoss A, Kuehner AJC, Jacob T. Combining Deep Eutectic Solvents with TEMPO‐based Polymer Electrodes: Influence of Molar Ratio on Electrode Performance. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202214927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Uhl
- Ulm University: Universitat Ulm Institute of Electrochemistry GERMANY
| | - Tanja Geng
- Ulm University: Universitat Ulm Institute of Electrochemistry GERMANY
| | - Philipp A. Schuster
- Ulm University: Universitat Ulm Institute of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry GERMANY
| | | | - Matthias Kruck
- Ulm University: Universitat Ulm Institute of Electrochemistry GERMANY
| | - Alexander Fuoss
- Ulm University: Universitat Ulm Institute of Electrochemistry GERMANY
| | | | - Timo Jacob
- Ulm University Institute of Electrochemistry Albert-Einstein-Allee 47 89081 Ulm GERMANY
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28
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Kang S, Im C, Spanos I, Ham K, Lim A, Jacob T, Schlögl R, Lee J. Durable Nickel‐Iron (Oxy)hydroxide Oxygen Evolution Electrocatalysts through Surface Functionalization with Tetraphenylporphyrin. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202214541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sinwoo Kang
- GIST: Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology School of Earth Sciences and Environmental Engineering KOREA, REPUBLIC OF
| | - Changbin Im
- University of Ulm: Universitat Ulm Institut fuer Electrochemie GERMANY
| | - Ioannis Spanos
- Max-Planck-Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion: Max-Planck-Institut fur chemische Energiekonversion Department of Heterogeneous Reactions GERMANY
| | - Kahyun Ham
- GIST: Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology School of Earth Sciences and Environmental Engineering KOREA, REPUBLIC OF
| | - Ahyoun Lim
- Max-Planck-Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion: Max-Planck-Institut fur chemische Energiekonversion Department of Heterogeneous Reactions GERMANY
| | - Timo Jacob
- Ulm University: Universitat Ulm Institut fuer Electrochemie GERMANY
| | - Robert Schlögl
- FHI der MPG: Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft Department of Inorganic Chemistry GERMANY
| | - Jaeyoung Lee
- Gwangju institute of science and technology 1Ertl Center for Electrochemistry & Catalysis, 2School of Environmental Science Buk-gu 500-712 Gwangju KOREA, REPUBLIC OF
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29
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Heubach M, Schuett FM, Kibler LA, Abdelrahman A, Jacob T. Initial Stages of Sodium Deposition onto Au(111) from [MPPip][TFSI]: An
in‐situ
STM Study for Sodium‐Ion Battery Electrolytes. ChemElectroChem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.202200935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maren‐Kathrin Heubach
- Institute of Electrochemistry Ulm University Albert-Einstein-Allee 47 89081 Ulm Germany
| | - Fabian M. Schuett
- Institute of Electrochemistry Ulm University Albert-Einstein-Allee 47 89081 Ulm Germany
| | - Ludwig A. Kibler
- Institute of Electrochemistry Ulm University Albert-Einstein-Allee 47 89081 Ulm Germany
| | - Areeg Abdelrahman
- Institute of Electrochemistry Ulm University Albert-Einstein-Allee 47 89081 Ulm Germany
| | - Timo Jacob
- Institute of Electrochemistry Ulm University Albert-Einstein-Allee 47 89081 Ulm Germany
- Helmholtz-Institute-Ulm (HIU) Electrochemical Energy Storage Helmholtzstr. 11 89081 Ulm Germany
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) P.O. Box 3640 76021 Karlsruhe Germany
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30
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Heubach M, Schuett FM, Kibler LA, Abdelrahman A, Jacob T. Initial Stages of Sodium Deposition onto Au(111) from [MPPip][TFSI]: An
in‐situ
STM Study for Sodium‐Ion Battery Electrolytes. ChemElectroChem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.202200930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maren‐Kathrin Heubach
- Institute of Electrochemistry Ulm University Albert-Einstein-Allee 47 89081 Ulm Germany
| | - Fabian M. Schuett
- Institute of Electrochemistry Ulm University Albert-Einstein-Allee 47 89081 Ulm Germany
| | - Ludwig A. Kibler
- Institute of Electrochemistry Ulm University Albert-Einstein-Allee 47 89081 Ulm Germany
| | - Areeg Abdelrahman
- Institute of Electrochemistry Ulm University Albert-Einstein-Allee 47 89081 Ulm Germany
| | - Timo Jacob
- Institute of Electrochemistry Ulm University Albert-Einstein-Allee 47 89081 Ulm Germany
- Helmholtz-Institute-Ulm (HIU) Electrochemical Energy Storage Helmholtzstr. 11 89081 Ulm Germany
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) P.O. Box 3640 76021 Karlsruhe Germany
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31
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Geng T, Schick BW, Uhl M, Kuehne AJC, Kibler LA, Ceblin MU, Jacob T. Influence of Chloride and Nitrate Anions on Copper Electrodeposition onto Au(111) from Deep Eutectic Solvents. ChemElectroChem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.202200893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tanja Geng
- Institute of Electrochemistry Ulm University Albert-Einstein-Allee 47 89081 Ulm Germany
| | - Benjamin W. Schick
- Institute of Electrochemistry Ulm University Albert-Einstein-Allee 47 89081 Ulm Germany
| | - Matthias Uhl
- Institute of Electrochemistry Ulm University Albert-Einstein-Allee 47 89081 Ulm Germany
| | - Alexander J. C. Kuehne
- Institute of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry Ulm University Albert-Einstein-Allee 11 89081 Ulm Germany
| | - Ludwig A. Kibler
- Institute of Electrochemistry Ulm University Albert-Einstein-Allee 47 89081 Ulm Germany
| | - Maximilian U. Ceblin
- Institute of Electrochemistry Ulm University Albert-Einstein-Allee 47 89081 Ulm Germany
| | - Timo Jacob
- Institute of Electrochemistry Ulm University Albert-Einstein-Allee 47 89081 Ulm Germany
- Helmholtz-Institute Ulm (HIU) for Electrochemical Energy Storage Helmholtzstr. 11 89081 Ulm Germany
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) P.O. Box 3640 76021 Karlsruhe Germany
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32
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Mitoraj D, Krivtsov I, Li C, Rajagopal A, Im C, Adler C, Köble K, Khainakova O, Hniopek J, Neumann C, Turchanin A, da Silva I, Schmitt M, Leiter R, Lehnert T, Popp J, Kaiser U, Jacob T, Streb C, Dietzek B, Beranek R. Corrigendum: A Study in Red: The Overlooked Role of Azo‐Moieties in Polymeric Carbon Nitride Photocatalysts with Strongly Extended Optical Absorption. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202202535. [PMID: 36047979 PMCID: PMC10117917 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202202535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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33
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Pastorio C, Zech F, Noettger S, Jung C, Jacob T, Sanderson T, Sparrer KMJ, Kirchhoff F. Determinants of Spike infectivity, processing, and neutralization in SARS-CoV-2 Omicron subvariants BA.1 and BA.2. Cell Host Microbe 2022; 30:1255-1268.e5. [PMID: 35931073 PMCID: PMC9289044 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2022.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 Omicron rapidly outcompeted other variants and currently dominates the COVID-19 pandemic. Its enhanced transmission and immune evasion are thought to be driven by numerous mutations in the Omicron Spike protein. Here, we systematically introduced BA.1 and/or BA.2 Omicron Spike mutations into the ancestral Spike protein and examined the impacts on Spike function, processing, and susceptibility to neutralization. Individual mutations of S371F/L, S375F, and T376A in the ACE2-receptor-binding domain as well as Q954H and N969K in the hinge region 1 impaired infectivity, while changes to G339D, D614G, N764K, and L981F moderately enhanced it. Most mutations in the N-terminal region and receptor-binding domain reduced the sensitivity of the Spike protein to neutralization by sera from individuals vaccinated with the BNT162b2 vaccine and by therapeutic antibodies. Our results represent a systematic functional analysis of Omicron Spike adaptations that have allowed this SARS-CoV-2 variant to dominate the current pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Pastorio
- Institute of Molecular Virology, Ulm University Medical Centre, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Fabian Zech
- Institute of Molecular Virology, Ulm University Medical Centre, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Sabrina Noettger
- Institute of Molecular Virology, Ulm University Medical Centre, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Christoph Jung
- Institute of Electrochemistry, Ulm University, 89081 Ulm, Germany; Electrochemical Energy Storage, Helmholtz-Institute-Ulm (HIU), 89081 Ulm, Germany; Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76344 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Timo Jacob
- Institute of Electrochemistry, Ulm University, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | | | | | - Frank Kirchhoff
- Institute of Molecular Virology, Ulm University Medical Centre, 89081 Ulm, Germany.
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34
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Geng T, Schick BW, Uhl M, Kuehne AJC, Kibler LA, Ceblin MU, Jacob T. Influence of Chloride and Nitrate Anions on Copper Electrodeposition onto Au(111) from Deep Eutectic Solvents. ChemElectroChem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.202200894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tanja Geng
- Institute of Electrochemistry Ulm University Albert-Einstein-Allee 47 89081 Ulm Germany
| | - Benjamin W. Schick
- Institute of Electrochemistry Ulm University Albert-Einstein-Allee 47 89081 Ulm Germany
| | - Matthias Uhl
- Institute of Electrochemistry Ulm University Albert-Einstein-Allee 47 89081 Ulm Germany
| | - Alexander J. C. Kuehne
- Institute of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry Ulm University Albert-Einstein-Allee 11 89081 Ulm Germany
| | - Ludwig A. Kibler
- Institute of Electrochemistry Ulm University Albert-Einstein-Allee 47 89081 Ulm Germany
| | - Maximilian U. Ceblin
- Institute of Electrochemistry Ulm University Albert-Einstein-Allee 47 89081 Ulm Germany
| | - Timo Jacob
- Institute of Electrochemistry Ulm University Albert-Einstein-Allee 47 89081 Ulm Germany
- Helmholtz-Institute Ulm (HIU) for Electrochemical Energy Storage Helmholtzstr. 11 89081 Ulm Germany
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) P.O. Box 3640 76021 Karlsruhe Germany
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35
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Hoffmann A, Rohrbach F, Uhl M, Ceblin M, Bauer T, Mallah M, Jacob T, Heuermann H, Kuehne AJC. Atmospheric pressure
plasma‐jet
treatment of polyacrylonitrile
‐nonwovens
—Stabilization and
roll‐to‐roll
processing. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.52887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Hoffmann
- Institute of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ulm University Ulm Germany
| | - Felix Rohrbach
- Institute for Microwave and Plasma Technology, FH Aachen ‐ University of Applied Sciences Aachen Germany
- Fricke & Mallah Microwave Technology GmbH Peine Germany
| | - Matthias Uhl
- Institute of Electrochemistry, Ulm University Ulm Germany
| | | | - Thomas Bauer
- DIENES Apparatebau GmbH Mühlheim am Main Germany
| | - Marcel Mallah
- Fricke & Mallah Microwave Technology GmbH Peine Germany
| | - Timo Jacob
- Institute of Electrochemistry, Ulm University Ulm Germany
| | - Holger Heuermann
- Institute for Microwave and Plasma Technology, FH Aachen ‐ University of Applied Sciences Aachen Germany
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36
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Heubach MK, Schuett FM, Kibler LA, Abdelrahman A, Jacob T. Initial Stages of Sodium Deposition onto Au(111) from [MPPip][TFSI]: An in‐situ STM Study. ChemElectroChem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.202200722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Fabian M. Schuett
- Ulm University: Universitat Ulm Institute of Electrochemistry GERMANY
| | - Ludwig A. Kibler
- Ulm University: Universitat Ulm Institute of Electrochemistry GERMANY
| | - Areeg Abdelrahman
- Ulm University: Universitat Ulm Institute of Electrochemistry GERMANY
| | - Timo Jacob
- Ulm University Institute of Electrochemistry Albert-Einstein-Allee 47 89081 Ulm GERMANY
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37
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Esau D, Schuett FM, Varvaris KL, Kibler LA, Jacob T, Jerkiewicz G. Inductive Heating for Research in Electrocatalysis: Theory, Practical Considerations, and Examples. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c02174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Derek Esau
- Department of Chemistry, Queen’s University, 90 Bader Lane, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Fabian M. Schuett
- Institute of Electrochemistry, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 47, 89069 Ulm, Germany
| | - K. Liam Varvaris
- Department of Chemistry, Queen’s University, 90 Bader Lane, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Ludwig A. Kibler
- Institute of Electrochemistry, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 47, 89069 Ulm, Germany
| | - Timo Jacob
- Institute of Electrochemistry, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 47, 89069 Ulm, Germany
- Helmholtz-Institute-Ulm (HIU) Electrochemical Energy Storage, Helmholtzstr. 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), P.O. Box
3640, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Gregory Jerkiewicz
- Department of Chemistry, Queen’s University, 90 Bader Lane, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
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38
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Fiesinger F, Gaissmaier D, van den Borg M, Jacob T. First-Principles Studies on the Atomistic Properties of Metallic Magnesium as Anode Material in Magnesium-Ion Batteries. ChemSusChem 2022; 15:e202200414. [PMID: 35353957 PMCID: PMC9401065 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202200414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Rechargeable magnesium-ion batteries (MIBs) are a promising alternative to commercial lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). They are safer to handle, environmentally more friendly, and provide a five-time higher volumetric capacity (3832 mAh cm-3 ) than commercialized LIBs. However, the formation of a passivation layer on metallic Mg electrodes is still a major challenge towards their commercialization. Using density functional theory (DFT), the atomistic properties of metallic magnesium, mainly well-selected self-diffusion processes on perfect and imperfect Mg surfaces were investigated to better understand the initial surface growth phenomena. Subsequently, rate constants and activation temperatures of crucial diffusion processes on Mg(0001) and Mg(10 1 ‾ 1) were determined, providing preliminary insights into the surface kinetics of metallic Mg electrodes. The obtained DFT results provide a data set for parametrizing a force field for metallic Mg or performing kinetic Monte-Carlo simulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Fiesinger
- Institute of ElectrochemistryUlm UniversityAlbert-Einstein-Allee 4789081UlmGermany
| | - Daniel Gaissmaier
- Institute of ElectrochemistryUlm UniversityAlbert-Einstein-Allee 4789081UlmGermany
- Helmholtz Institute Ulm (HIU) Electrochemical Energy StorageHelmholtzstr. 1189081UlmGermany
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)P.O. Box 364076021KarlsruheGermany
| | | | - Timo Jacob
- Institute of ElectrochemistryUlm UniversityAlbert-Einstein-Allee 4789081UlmGermany
- Helmholtz Institute Ulm (HIU) Electrochemical Energy StorageHelmholtzstr. 1189081UlmGermany
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)P.O. Box 364076021KarlsruheGermany
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39
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Geng T, Schick BW, Uhl M, Kuehne AJC, Kibler LA, Ceblin MU, Jacob T. Influence of Chloride and Nitrate Anions on Copper Electrodeposition onto Au(111) from Deep Eutectic Solvents. ChemElectroChem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.202101263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tanja Geng
- Ulm University: Universitat Ulm Institut für Elektrochemie GERMANY
| | | | - Matthias Uhl
- Ulm University: Universitat Ulm Institute of Electrochemistry GERMANY
| | - Alexander J. C. Kuehne
- Ulm University: Universitat Ulm Institute of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry GERMANY
| | - Ludwig A. Kibler
- Ulm University: Universitat Ulm Institut für Elektrochemie GERMANY
| | - Maximilian Urs Ceblin
- Ulm University: Universitat Ulm Institut für Elektrochemie Albert-Einstein-Allee 47 89081 Ulm GERMANY
| | - Timo Jacob
- Ulm University: Universitat Ulm Institut für Elektrochemie GERMANY
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40
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Zeller SJ, Geng T, Ceblin MU, Uhl M, Kuehne AJC, Kibler LA, Jacob T. An Interfacial Study of Au(111) Electrodes in Deep Eutectic Solvents. ChemElectroChem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.202200633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sven J. Zeller
- Helmholtz-Institute Ulm (HIU) for Electrochemical Energy Storage Helmholtzstr. 11 89081 Ulm Germany
- Institute of Electrochemistry Ulm University Albert-Einstein-Allee 47 89081 Ulm Germany
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) P.O. Box 3640 76021 Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Tanja Geng
- Institute of Electrochemistry Ulm University Albert-Einstein-Allee 47 89081 Ulm Germany
| | - Maximilian U. Ceblin
- Institute of Electrochemistry Ulm University Albert-Einstein-Allee 47 89081 Ulm Germany
| | - Matthias Uhl
- Institute of Electrochemistry Ulm University Albert-Einstein-Allee 47 89081 Ulm Germany
| | - Alexander J. C. Kuehne
- Institute of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry Ulm University Albert-Einstein-Allee 11 89081 Ulm Germany
| | - Ludwig A. Kibler
- Institute of Electrochemistry Ulm University Albert-Einstein-Allee 47 89081 Ulm Germany
| | - Timo Jacob
- Helmholtz-Institute Ulm (HIU) for Electrochemical Energy Storage Helmholtzstr. 11 89081 Ulm Germany
- Institute of Electrochemistry Ulm University Albert-Einstein-Allee 47 89081 Ulm Germany
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) P.O. Box 3640 76021 Karlsruhe Germany
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41
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Eckl MJ, Mattausch Y, Jung CK, Kirsch S, Schmidt L, Huebner G, Mueller JE, Kibler LA, Jacob T. The influence of platinum surface oxidation on the performance of a polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell—probing changes of catalytically active surface sites on a polycrystalline platinum electrode for the oxygen reduction reaction. Electrochemical Science Adv 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/elsa.202100049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Christoph Karsten Jung
- Electrochemical Energy Storage, Helmholtz‐Institute‐Ulm (HIU) Ulm Germany
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Karlsruhe Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Timo Jacob
- Institut für Elektrochemie Universität Ulm Ulm Germany
- Electrochemical Energy Storage, Helmholtz‐Institute‐Ulm (HIU) Ulm Germany
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Karlsruhe Germany
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42
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Carvajal LA, Robinson B, Kosaka Y, Jacob T, Lee J, Hood T, Baker K, Kaempf A, Amara SNA, Pucilowska J, Lind E, Tognon C, Tyner J, Kumar P, Vu T, DiMartino J. P392: PHARMACOLOGICAL INHIBITION OF SYK CONFERS ANTI-PROLIFERATIVE AND NOVEL ANTI-TUMOR IMMUNE RESPONSES IN AML. Hemasphere 2022. [DOI: 10.1097/01.hs9.0000844456.64162.e9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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43
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Bertolini S, Jacob T. Elucidating active sites and decomposition mechanisms for oxythiomolybdate clusters (Mo
2
O
2
S
x
, x = 6;8) as catalyzers for hydrogen evolution reactions. Electrochemical Science Adv 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/elsa.202100088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Bertolini
- Institute of Electrochemistry Faculty of Natural Sciences Ulm University Albert‐Einstein‐Allee 47 Ulm Germany
| | - Timo Jacob
- Institute of Electrochemistry Faculty of Natural Sciences Ulm University Albert‐Einstein‐Allee 47 Ulm Germany
- Helmholtz‐Institute Ulm (HIU), Electrochemical Energy Storage Ulm Germany
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Karlsruhe Germany
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44
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Bertolini S, Jacob T. Valence energy correction for electron reactive force field. J Comput Chem 2022; 43:870-878. [PMID: 35319099 DOI: 10.1002/jcc.26844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2021] [Revised: 02/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Reactive force fields (ReaxFF) are a classical method to describe material properties based on a bond-order formalism, that allows bond dissociation and consequently investigations of reactive systems. Semiclassical treatment of electrons was introduced within ReaxFF simulations, better known as electron reactive force fields (eReaxFF), to explicitly treat electrons as spherical Gaussian waves. In the original version of eReaxFF, the electrons and electron-holes can lead to changes in both the bond energy and the Coulomb energy of the system. In the present study, the method was modified to allow an electron to modify the valence energy, therefore, permitting that the electron's presence modifies the three-body interactions, affecting the angle among three atoms. When a reaction path involving electron transfer is more sensitive to the geometric configuration of the molecules, corrections in the angular structure in the presence of electrons become more relevant; in this case, bond dissociation may not be enough to describe a reaction path. Consequently, the application of the extended eReaxFF method developed in this work should provide an improved description of a reaction path. As a first demonstration this semiclassical force field was parametrized for hydrogen and oxygen interactions, including water and water's ions. With the modified methodology both the overall accuracy of the force field but also the description of the angles within the molecules in presence of electrons could be improved.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Timo Jacob
- Institute of Electrochemistry, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
- Helmholtz-Institute Ulm (HIU) Electrochemical Energy Storage, Ulm, Germany
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany
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45
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Zeller SJ, Geng T, Ceblin MU, Uhl M, Kuehne AJC, Kibler LA, Jacob T. An Interfacial Study of Au(111) Electrodes in Deep Eutectic Solvents. ChemElectroChem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.202200352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sven J. Zeller
- Helmholtz Institute Ulm Electrochemical Energy Storage Helmholtzstr. 11 89081 Ulm GERMANY
| | - Tanja Geng
- Ulm University: Universitat Ulm Institute of Electrochemistry Albert-Einstein-Allee 47 89081 Ulm GERMANY
| | - Maximilian U. Ceblin
- Ulm University: Universitat Ulm Institute of Electrochemistry Albert-Einstein-Allee 47 89081 Ulm GERMANY
| | - Matthias Uhl
- Ulm University: Universitat Ulm Institute of Electrochemistry Albert-Einstein-Allee 47 89081 Ulm GERMANY
| | - Alexander J. C. Kuehne
- Ulm University: Universitat Ulm Institute of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry Albert-Einstein-Allee 11 89081 Ulm GERMANY
| | - Ludwig A. Kibler
- Ulm University: Universitat Ulm Institute of Electrochemistry Albert-Einstein-Allee 47 89081 Ulm GERMANY
| | - Timo Jacob
- Ulm University Institute of Electrochemistry Albert-Einstein-Allee 47 89081 Ulm GERMANY
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46
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Varatnitskaya M, Fasel J, Müller A, Lupilov N, Shi Y, Fuchs K, Krewing M, Jung C, Jacob T, Sitek B, Bandow JE, Carroll KS, Hoffmann E, Leichert LI. An increase in surface hydrophobicity mediates chaperone activity in N-chlorinated RidA. Redox Biol 2022; 53:102332. [PMID: 35598378 PMCID: PMC9126958 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2022.102332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Under physiological conditions, Escherichia coli RidA is an enamine/imine deaminase, which promotes the release of ammonia from reactive enamine/imine intermediates. However, when modified by hypochlorous acid (HOCl), it turns into a potent chaperone-like holdase that can effectively protect E. coli's proteome during oxidative stress. However, it is unknown, which residues need to be chlorinated for activation. Here, we employ a combination of LC-MS/MS analysis, a chemo-proteomic approach, and a mutagenesis study to identify residues responsible for RidA's chaperone-like function. Through LC-MS/MS of digested RidAHOCl, we obtained direct evidence of the chlorination of one arginine residue. To overcome the instability of the N-chloramine modification, we established a chemoproteomic approach using 5-(dimethylamino) naphthalene-1-sulfinic acid (DANSO2H) as a probe to label N-chlorinated lysines. Using this probe, we were able to detect the N-chlorination of six additional lysine residues. Moreover, using a mutagenesis study to genetically probe the role of single arginine and lysine residues, we found that the removal of arginines R105 and/or R128 led to a substantial reduction of RidAHOCl's chaperone activity. These results, together with structural analysis, confirm that the chaperone activity of RidA is concomitant with the loss of positive charges on the protein surface, leading to an increased overall protein hydrophobicity. Molecular modelling of RidAHOCl and the rational design of a RidA variant that shows chaperone activity even in the absence of HOCl further supports our hypothesis. Our data provide a molecular mechanism for HOCl-mediated chaperone activity found in RidA and a growing number of other HOCl-activated chaperones.
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47
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Jung C, Kmiec D, Koepke L, Zech F, Jacob T, Sparrer KMJ, Kirchhoff F. Omicron: What Makes the Latest SARS-CoV-2 Variant of Concern So Concerning? J Virol 2022; 96:e0207721. [PMID: 35225672 PMCID: PMC8941872 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.02077-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 56.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging strains of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the causative agent of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, that show increased transmission fitness and/or immune evasion are classified as "variants of concern" (VOCs). Recently, a SARS-CoV-2 variant first identified in November 2021 in South Africa has been recognized as a fifth VOC, termed "Omicron." What makes this VOC so alarming is the high number of changes, especially in the viral Spike protein, and accumulating evidence for increased transmission efficiency and escape from neutralizing antibodies. In an amazingly short time, the Omicron VOC has outcompeted the previously dominating Delta VOC. However, it seems that the Omicron VOC is overall less pathogenic than other SARS-CoV-2 VOCs. Here, we provide an overview of the mutations in the Omicron genome and the resulting changes in viral proteins compared to other SARS-CoV-2 strains and discuss their potential functional consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Jung
- Institute of Electrochemistry, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Dorota Kmiec
- Institute of Molecular Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Lennart Koepke
- Institute of Molecular Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Fabian Zech
- Institute of Molecular Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Timo Jacob
- Institute of Electrochemistry, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Frank Kirchhoff
- Institute of Molecular Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
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48
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Geng T, Zeller SJ, Kibler LA, Ceblin MU, Jacob T. Electrodeposition of Cu onto Au(111) from Deep Eutectic Solvents: Molar Ratio of Salt and Hydrogen Bond Donor. ChemElectroChem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.202200201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tanja Geng
- Institute of Electrochemistry Ulm University Albert-Einstein-Allee 47 89081 Ulm Germany
| | - Sven J. Zeller
- Institute of Electrochemistry Ulm University Albert-Einstein-Allee 47 89081 Ulm Germany
- Helmholtz-Institute Ulm (HIU) for Electrochemical Energy Storage Helmholtzstr. 11 89081 Ulm Germany
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) P.O. Box 3640 76021 Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Ludwig A. Kibler
- Institute of Electrochemistry Ulm University Albert-Einstein-Allee 47 89081 Ulm Germany
| | - Maximilian U. Ceblin
- Institute of Electrochemistry Ulm University Albert-Einstein-Allee 47 89081 Ulm Germany
| | - Timo Jacob
- Institute of Electrochemistry Ulm University Albert-Einstein-Allee 47 89081 Ulm Germany
- Helmholtz-Institute Ulm (HIU) for Electrochemical Energy Storage Helmholtzstr. 11 89081 Ulm Germany
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) P.O. Box 3640 76021 Karlsruhe Germany
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49
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Henkel P, Zahn S, Lorenz J, Jacob T, Janek J, Mollenhauer D. Temperature-dependent Li vacancy diffusion in Li 4Ti 5O 12 by means of first principles molecular dynamic simulations. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:5301-5316. [PMID: 35179531 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp05126a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are a key electrochemical energy storage technology for mobile applications. In this context lithium titanate (LTO) is an attractive anode material for fast-charging LIBs and solid-state batteries (SSBs). The Li ion transport within LTO has a major impact on the performance of the anode in LIBs or SSBs. The Li vacancy diffusion in lithium-poor Li4Ti5O12 can take place either via 8ainit ↔ 16c ↔ 8afinal or a 8ainit ↔ 16c ↔ 48f ↔ 16dfinal diffusion path. To gain a more detailed understanding of the Li vacancy transport in LTO, we performed first principles molecular dynamics (FPMD) simulations in the temperature range from 800 K to 1000 K. To track the Li vacancies through the FPMD simulations, we introduce a method to distinguish the positions of multiple (Li) vacancies at each time. This method is used to characterize the diffusion path and the number of different diffusion steps. As a result, the majority of Li vacancy diffusion steps occur along the 8ainit ↔ 16c ↔ 8afinal. Moreover, the results indicate that the 16d Wyckoff position is a trapping site for Li vacancies. The dominant 8ainit ↔ 16c ↔ 8afinal path appears to compete with its back diffusion, which can be identified by the lifetime t16c of the 16c site. Our studies show that for t16c < 100 fs the back diffusion dominates, whereas for 100 fs ≤ t16c < 200 fs the 8ainit ↔ 16c ↔ 8afinal path dominates. In addition, the temperature-independent pre-factor D0 of the diffusion coefficient, as well as the attempt frequency Γ0 and the activation energy EA in lithium-poor LTO have been determined to be D0 = 1.5 × 10-3 cm2 s-1, as well as Γ0 = 6.6 THz and EA = 0.33 eV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascal Henkel
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany. .,Center for Materials Research (LaMa), Justus-Liebig University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Stefan Zahn
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany. .,Center for Materials Research (LaMa), Justus-Liebig University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Janine Lorenz
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany.
| | - Timo Jacob
- Institute of Electrochemistry, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 47, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Jürgen Janek
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany. .,Center for Materials Research (LaMa), Justus-Liebig University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Doreen Mollenhauer
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany. .,Center for Materials Research (LaMa), Justus-Liebig University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany
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50
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Geng T, Zeller SJ, Kibler LA, Ceblin MU, Jacob T. Electrodeposition of Cu onto Au(111) from Deep Eutectic Solvents: Molar Ratio of Salt and Hydrogen Bond Donor. ChemElectroChem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.202101283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tanja Geng
- Institute of Electrochemistry Ulm University Albert-Einstein-Allee 47 89081 Ulm Germany
| | - Sven J. Zeller
- Institute of Electrochemistry Ulm University Albert-Einstein-Allee 47 89081 Ulm Germany
- Helmholtz-Institute Ulm (HIU) for Electrochemical Energy Storage Helmholtzstr. 11 89081 Ulm Germany
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) P.O. Box 3640 76021 Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Ludwig A. Kibler
- Institute of Electrochemistry Ulm University Albert-Einstein-Allee 47 89081 Ulm Germany
| | - Maximilian U. Ceblin
- Institute of Electrochemistry Ulm University Albert-Einstein-Allee 47 89081 Ulm Germany
| | - Timo Jacob
- Institute of Electrochemistry Ulm University Albert-Einstein-Allee 47 89081 Ulm Germany
- Helmholtz-Institute Ulm (HIU) for Electrochemical Energy Storage Helmholtzstr. 11 89081 Ulm Germany
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) P.O. Box 3640 76021 Karlsruhe Germany
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