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Eneku W, Erima B, Byaruhanga AM, Atim G, Tugume T, Ukuli QA, Kibuuka H, Mworozi E, Douglas C, Koehler JW, Cleary NG, von Fricken ME, Tweyongyere R, Wabwire-Mangen F, Byarugaba DK. Wide distribution of Mediterranean and African spotted fever agents and the first identification of Israeli spotted fever agent in ticks in Uganda. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2023; 17:e0011273. [PMID: 37498943 PMCID: PMC10409254 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0011273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Rickettsia microorganisms are causative agents of several neglected emerging infectious diseases in humans transmitted by arthropods including ticks. In this study, ticks were collected from four geographical regions of Uganda and pooled in sizes of 1-179 ticks based on location, tick species, life stage, host, and time of collection. Then, they were tested by real-time PCR for Rickettsia species with primers targeting gltA, 17kDa and ompA genes, followed by Sanger sequencing of the 17kDa and ompA genes. Of the 471 tick pools tested, 116 (24.6%) were positive for Rickettsia spp. by the gltA primers. The prevalence of Rickettsia varied by district with Gulu recording the highest (30.1%) followed by Luwero (28.1%) and Kasese had the lowest (14%). Tick pools from livestock (cattle, goats, sheep, and pigs) had the highest positivity rate, 26.9%, followed by vegetation, 23.1%, and pets (dogs and cats), 19.7%. Of 116 gltA-positive tick pools, 86 pools were positive using 17kDa primers of which 48 purified PCR products were successfully sequenced. The predominant Rickettsia spp. identified was R. africae (n = 15) in four tick species, followed by R. conorii (n = 5) in three tick species (Haemaphysalis elliptica, Rhipicephalus appendiculatus, and Rh. decoloratus). Rickettsia conorii subsp. israelensis was detected in one tick pool. These findings indicate that multiple Rickettsia spp. capable of causing human illness are circulating in the four diverse geographical regions of Uganda including new strains previously known to occur in the Mediterranean region. Physicians should be informed about Rickettsia spp. as potential causes of acute febrile illnesses in these regions. Continued and expanded surveillance is essential to further identify and locate potential hotspots with Rickettsia spp. of concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wilfred Eneku
- Makerere University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kampala, Uganda
- Makerere University Walter Reed Project, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Bernard Erima
- Makerere University Walter Reed Project, Kampala, Uganda
| | | | - Gladys Atim
- Makerere University Walter Reed Project, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Titus Tugume
- Makerere University Walter Reed Project, Kampala, Uganda
| | | | - Hannah Kibuuka
- Makerere University Walter Reed Project, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Edison Mworozi
- Makerere University, College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Christina Douglas
- Diagnostic Systems Division, USAMRIID, Fort Detrick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey W. Koehler
- Diagnostic Systems Division, USAMRIID, Fort Detrick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Nora G. Cleary
- Global and Community Health, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Michael E. von Fricken
- Global and Community Health, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia, United States of America
| | | | - Fred Wabwire-Mangen
- Makerere University Walter Reed Project, Kampala, Uganda
- Makerere University, School of Public Health, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Denis Karuhize Byarugaba
- Makerere University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kampala, Uganda
- Makerere University Walter Reed Project, Kampala, Uganda
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Ukuli QA, Erima B, Mubiru A, Atim G, Tugume T, Kibuuka H, Mworozi E, Ducatez MF, Wabwire-Mangen F, Byarugaba DK. Molecular characterisation of human adenoviruses associated with respiratory infections in Uganda. BMC Infect Dis 2023; 23:435. [PMID: 37370005 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-023-08403-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Human adenoviruses (HAdV) are a diverse group of viruses causing a broad range of infections of the respiratory, urogenital and gastrointestinal tracts and keratoconjunctivitis. There are seven species of human adenoviruses with 113 genotypes which may contain multiple genetic variants. This study characterised respiratory human adenoviruses and associated factors in samples collected from selected hospitals in Uganda. A total of 2,298 nasopharyngeal samples were collected between the period of 2008 to 2016 from patients seeking health care at tertiary hospitals for influenza-like illness. They were screened by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to determine the prevalence of HAdV. HAdV was cultured in A549 cell lines and the hexon gene was sequenced for genotyping. Of the 2,298 samples tested, 225 (9.8%) were adenovirus-positive by PCR. Age was found to be significantly associated with HAdV infections (p = 0.028) with 98% (220/225) of the positives in children aged 5 years and below and none in adults above 25 years of age. The sequenced isolates belonged to species HAdV-B and HAdV-C with most isolates identified as genotype B3. The results showed a high prevalence and genetic diversity in respiratory HAdV circulating in Ugandan population. Deeper genomic characterization based on whole genome sequencing may be necessary to further elucidate possible transmission and impact of current adenovirus-vectored vaccines in Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bernard Erima
- Makerere University Walter Reed Project, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Andrew Mubiru
- Makerere University Walter Reed Project, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Gladys Atim
- Makerere University Walter Reed Project, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Titus Tugume
- Makerere University Walter Reed Project, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Hannah Kibuuka
- Makerere University Walter Reed Project, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Edison Mworozi
- College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, P.O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda
| | | | - Fred Wabwire-Mangen
- Makerere University Walter Reed Project, Kampala, Uganda
- School of Public Health, Makerere University, P.O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Denis K Byarugaba
- Makerere University Walter Reed Project, Kampala, Uganda.
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Makerere University, P.O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda.
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Fusade-Boyer M, Djegui F, Batawui K, Byuragaba DK, Jones JC, Wabwire-Mangeni F, Erima B, Atim G, Ukuli QA, Tugume T, Dogno K, Adjabli K, Nzuzi M, Adjin R, Jeevan T, Rubrum A, Go-Maro W, Kayali G, McKenzie P, Webby RJ, Ducatez MF. Antigenic and molecular characterization of low pathogenic avian influenza A(H9N2) viruses in sub-Saharan Africa from 2017 through 2019. Emerg Microbes Infect 2021; 10:753-761. [PMID: 33754959 PMCID: PMC8057090 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2021.1908097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Sub-Saharan Africa was historically considered an animal influenza cold spot, with only sporadic highly pathogenic H5 outbreaks detected over the last 20 years. However, in 2017, low pathogenic avian influenza A(H9N2) viruses were detected in poultry in Sub-Saharan Africa. Molecular, phylogenetic, and antigenic characterization of isolates from Benin, Togo, and Uganda showed that they belonged to the G1 lineage. Isolates from Benin and Togo clustered with viruses previously described in Western Africa, whereas viruses from Uganda were genetically distant and clustered with viruses from the Middle East. Viruses from Benin exhibited decreased cross-reactivity with those from Togo and Uganda, suggesting antigenic drift associated with reduced replication in Calu-3 cells. The viruses exhibited mammalian adaptation markers similar to those of the human strain A/Senegal/0243/2019 (H9N2). Therefore, viral genetic and antigenic surveillance in Africa is of paramount importance to detect further evolution or emergence of new zoonotic strains.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Jeremy C. Jones
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | | | - Bernard Erima
- Makerere University Walter Reed Project, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Gladys Atim
- Makerere University Walter Reed Project, Kampala, Uganda
| | | | - Titus Tugume
- Makerere University Walter Reed Project, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Koffi Dogno
- Laboratoire Central Vétérinaire de Lomé, Lomé, Togo
| | | | - Mvibudulu Nzuzi
- IHAP, UMR1225, Université de Toulouse, INRAe, ENVT, Toulouse, France
| | | | - Trushar Jeevan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Adam Rubrum
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | | | - Ghazi Kayali
- Human Link, Hazmieh, Lebanon
- University of Texas Health Sciences Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Pamela McKenzie
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Richard J. Webby
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
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4
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Mulabbi EN, Tweyongyere R, Wabwire-Mangen F, Mworozi E, Koehlerb J, Kibuuka H, Millard M, Erima B, Tugume T, Aquino UQ, Byarugaba DK. Seroprevalence of human coronaviruses among patients visiting hospital-based sentinel sites in Uganda. BMC Infect Dis 2021; 21:585. [PMID: 34134656 PMCID: PMC8207497 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-021-06258-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Human coronaviruses are causative agents of respiratory infections with several subtypes being prevalent worldwide. They cause respiratory illnesses of varying severity and have been described to be continuously emerging but their prevalence is not well documented in Uganda. This study assessed the seroprevalence of antibodies against the previously known human coronaviruses prior 2019 in Uganda. Methods A total 377 serum samples collected from volunteers that showed influenza like illness in five hospital-based sentinel sites and archived were analyzed using a commercial Qualitative Human Coronavirus Antibody IgG ELISA kit. Although there is no single kit available that can detect the presence of all the circulating coronaviruses, this kit uses a nucleoprotein, aa 340–390 to coat the wells and since there is significant homology among the various human coronavirus strains with regards to the coded for proteins, there is significant cross reactivity beyond HCoV HKU-39849 2003. This gives the kit a qualitative ability to detect the presence of human coronavirus antibodies in a sample. Results The overall seroprevalence for all the sites was 87.53% with no significant difference in the seroprevalence between the Hospital based sentinel sites (p = 0.8). Of the seropositive, the age group 1–5 years had the highest percentage (46.97), followed by 6–10 years (16.67) and then above 20 (16.36). An odds ratio of 1.6 (CI 0.863–2.97, p = 0.136) showed that those volunteers below 5 years of age were more likely to be seropositive compared to those above 5 years. The seropositivity was generally high throughout the year with highest being recorded in March and the lowest in February and December. Conclusions The seroprevalence of Human coronaviruses is alarmingly high which calls for need to identify and characterize the circulating coronavirus strains so as to guide policy on the control strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elijah Nicholas Mulabbi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Resources and Biosecurity, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda.
| | - Robert Tweyongyere
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Resources and Biosecurity, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | | | | | - Jeff Koehlerb
- Makerere University Walter Reed Project, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Hannah Kibuuka
- Makerere University Walter Reed Project, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Monica Millard
- Makerere University Walter Reed Project, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Bernard Erima
- Makerere University Walter Reed Project, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Titus Tugume
- Makerere University Walter Reed Project, Kampala, Uganda
| | | | - Denis K Byarugaba
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Resources and Biosecurity, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda.,Makerere University Walter Reed Project, Kampala, Uganda
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5
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Mercan Y, Atim G, Kayed AE, Azbazdar ME, Kandeil A, Ali MA, Rubrum A, McKenzie P, Webby RJ, Erima B, Wabwire-Mangen F, Ukuli QA, Tugume T, Byarugaba DK, Kayali G, Ducatez MF, Koçer ZA. Molecular Characterization of Closely Related H6N2 Avian Influenza Viruses Isolated from Turkey, Egypt, and Uganda. Viruses 2021; 13:v13040607. [PMID: 33918166 PMCID: PMC8065897 DOI: 10.3390/v13040607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Revised: 03/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Genetic analysis of circulating avian influenza viruses (AIVs) in wild birds at different geographical regions during the same period could improve our knowledge about virus transmission dynamics in natural hosts, virus evolution as well as zoonotic potential. Here, we report the genetic and molecular characterization of H6N2 influenza viruses isolated from migratory birds in Turkey, Egypt, and Uganda during 2017–2018. The Egyptian and Turkish isolates were genetically closer to each other than they were to the virus isolated from Uganda. Our results also suggest that multiple reassortment events were involved in the genesis of the isolated viruses. All viruses contained molecular markers previously associated with increased replication and/or pathogenicity in mammals. The results of this study indicate that H6N2 viruses carried by migratory birds on the West Asian/East African and Mediterranean/Black Sea flyways have the potential to transmit to mammals including humans. Additionally, adaptation markers in these viruses indicate the potential risk for poultry, which also increases the possibility of human exposure to these viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yavuz Mercan
- Emerging Viral Diseases Laboratory, Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center, 35340 Izmir, Turkey; (Y.M.); (M.E.A.)
- Izmir International Biomedicine and Genome Institute, Dokuz Eylul University, 35340 Izmir, Turkey
| | - Gladys Atim
- Makerere University Walter Reed Project, P.O. Box 7062 Kampala, Uganda; (G.A.); (B.E.); (F.W.-M.); (Q.A.U.); (T.T.); (D.K.B.)
| | - Ahmed E. Kayed
- Center of Scientific Excellence for Influenza Viruses, National Research Centre, Giza 12311, Egypt; (A.E.K.); (A.K.); (M.A.A.)
| | - M. Ekin Azbazdar
- Emerging Viral Diseases Laboratory, Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center, 35340 Izmir, Turkey; (Y.M.); (M.E.A.)
- Izmir International Biomedicine and Genome Institute, Dokuz Eylul University, 35340 Izmir, Turkey
| | - Ahmed Kandeil
- Center of Scientific Excellence for Influenza Viruses, National Research Centre, Giza 12311, Egypt; (A.E.K.); (A.K.); (M.A.A.)
| | - Mohamed A. Ali
- Center of Scientific Excellence for Influenza Viruses, National Research Centre, Giza 12311, Egypt; (A.E.K.); (A.K.); (M.A.A.)
| | - Adam Rubrum
- St Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA; (A.R.); (P.M.); (R.J.W.)
| | - Pamela McKenzie
- St Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA; (A.R.); (P.M.); (R.J.W.)
| | - Richard J. Webby
- St Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA; (A.R.); (P.M.); (R.J.W.)
| | - Bernard Erima
- Makerere University Walter Reed Project, P.O. Box 7062 Kampala, Uganda; (G.A.); (B.E.); (F.W.-M.); (Q.A.U.); (T.T.); (D.K.B.)
| | - Fred Wabwire-Mangen
- Makerere University Walter Reed Project, P.O. Box 7062 Kampala, Uganda; (G.A.); (B.E.); (F.W.-M.); (Q.A.U.); (T.T.); (D.K.B.)
- School of Public Health, Makerere University, P.O. Box 7062 Kampala, Uganda
| | - Qouilazoni A. Ukuli
- Makerere University Walter Reed Project, P.O. Box 7062 Kampala, Uganda; (G.A.); (B.E.); (F.W.-M.); (Q.A.U.); (T.T.); (D.K.B.)
| | - Titus Tugume
- Makerere University Walter Reed Project, P.O. Box 7062 Kampala, Uganda; (G.A.); (B.E.); (F.W.-M.); (Q.A.U.); (T.T.); (D.K.B.)
| | - Denis K. Byarugaba
- Makerere University Walter Reed Project, P.O. Box 7062 Kampala, Uganda; (G.A.); (B.E.); (F.W.-M.); (Q.A.U.); (T.T.); (D.K.B.)
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Makerere University, P.O. Box 7062 Kampala, Uganda
| | - Ghazi Kayali
- Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, University of Texas, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
- Human Link, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | | | - Zeynep A. Koçer
- Emerging Viral Diseases Laboratory, Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center, 35340 Izmir, Turkey; (Y.M.); (M.E.A.)
- Izmir International Biomedicine and Genome Institute, Dokuz Eylul University, 35340 Izmir, Turkey
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +90-232-299-4165
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6
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Kandeil A, Gomaa M, Nageh A, Shehata MM, Kayed AE, Sabir JSM, Abiadh A, Jrijer J, Amr Z, Said MA, Byarugaba DK, Wabwire-Mangen F, Tugume T, Mohamed NS, Attar R, Hassan SM, Linjawi SA, Moatassim Y, Kutkat O, Mahmoud S, Bagato O, Shama NMA, El-Shesheny R, Mostafa A, Perera RA, Chu DK, Hassan N, Elsokary B, Saad A, Sobhy H, El Masry I, McKenzie PP, Webby RJ, Peiris M, Makonnen YJ, Ali MA, Kayali G. Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) in Dromedary Camels in Africa and Middle East. Viruses 2019; 11:v11080717. [PMID: 31387326 PMCID: PMC6723520 DOI: 10.3390/v11080717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Revised: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Dromedary camels are the natural reservoirs of the Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV). Camels are mostly bred in East African countries then exported into Africa and Middle East for consumption. To understand the distribution of MERS-CoV among camels in North Africa and the Middle East, we conducted surveillance in Egypt, Senegal, Tunisia, Uganda, Jordan, Saudi Arabia, and Iraq. We also performed longitudinal studies of three camel herds in Egypt and Jordan to elucidate MERS-CoV infection and transmission. Between 2016 and 2018, a total of 4027 nasal swabs and 3267 serum samples were collected from all countries. Real- time PCR revealed that MERS-CoV RNA was detected in nasal swab samples from Egypt, Senegal, Tunisia, and Saudi Arabia. Microneutralization assay showed that antibodies were detected in all countries. Positive PCR samples were partially sequenced, and a phylogenetic tree was built. The tree suggested that all sequences are of clade C and sequences from camels in Egypt formed a separate group from previously published sequences. Longitudinal studies showed high seroprevalence in adult camels. These results indicate the widespread distribution of the virus in camels. A systematic active surveillance and longitudinal studies for MERS-CoV are needed to understand the epidemiology of the disease and dynamics of viral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Kandeil
- Center of Scientific Excellence for Influenza Virus, Environmental Research Division, National Research Centre, Giza 12622, Egypt
| | - Mokhtar Gomaa
- Center of Scientific Excellence for Influenza Virus, Environmental Research Division, National Research Centre, Giza 12622, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Nageh
- Center of Scientific Excellence for Influenza Virus, Environmental Research Division, National Research Centre, Giza 12622, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud M Shehata
- Center of Scientific Excellence for Influenza Virus, Environmental Research Division, National Research Centre, Giza 12622, Egypt
| | - Ahmed E Kayed
- Center of Scientific Excellence for Influenza Virus, Environmental Research Division, National Research Centre, Giza 12622, Egypt
| | - Jamal S M Sabir
- Center of excellence in Bionanoscience Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 80203, Saudi Arabia
- Biotechnology Research Group, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 80203, Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | - Zuhair Amr
- Department of Biology, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan
| | - Mounir Abi Said
- Department of Life and Earth Sciences, Faculty of Sciences II, Lebanese University, Al Fanar 90656, Lebanon
| | - Denis K Byarugaba
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Medicine, Makerere University, Kampala 7062, Uganda
| | - Fred Wabwire-Mangen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Medicine, Makerere University, Kampala 7062, Uganda
| | - Titus Tugume
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Medicine, Makerere University, Kampala 7062, Uganda
| | - Nadira S Mohamed
- Department of Genebank and Genetic Sequence, Forensic DNA Research and Training Center, Al-Nahrain University, Baghdad 10072, Iraq
| | - Roba Attar
- Department of Biological Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 80203, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sabah M Hassan
- Department of Biological Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 80203, Saudi Arabia
- Princess Doctor Najla Saud Al-Saud Distinguished Research Center for Biotechnology, Jeddah 22252, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11241, Egypt
| | | | - Yassmin Moatassim
- Center of Scientific Excellence for Influenza Virus, Environmental Research Division, National Research Centre, Giza 12622, Egypt
| | - Omnia Kutkat
- Center of Scientific Excellence for Influenza Virus, Environmental Research Division, National Research Centre, Giza 12622, Egypt
| | - Sara Mahmoud
- Center of Scientific Excellence for Influenza Virus, Environmental Research Division, National Research Centre, Giza 12622, Egypt
| | - Ola Bagato
- Center of Scientific Excellence for Influenza Virus, Environmental Research Division, National Research Centre, Giza 12622, Egypt
| | - Noura M Abo Shama
- Center of Scientific Excellence for Influenza Virus, Environmental Research Division, National Research Centre, Giza 12622, Egypt
| | - Rabeh El-Shesheny
- Center of Scientific Excellence for Influenza Virus, Environmental Research Division, National Research Centre, Giza 12622, Egypt
- St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis TN 38105, USA
| | - Ahmed Mostafa
- Center of Scientific Excellence for Influenza Virus, Environmental Research Division, National Research Centre, Giza 12622, Egypt
| | - Ranawaka Apm Perera
- School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, 7 Sassoon Rd, Hong Kong, China
| | - Daniel Kw Chu
- School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, 7 Sassoon Rd, Hong Kong, China
| | - Nagla Hassan
- General Organizations of Veterinary Services, Ministry of Agriculture and Land Reclamation, Nadi Saed St. 1, Dokki, Giza 12618, Egypt
| | - Basma Elsokary
- General Organizations of Veterinary Services, Ministry of Agriculture and Land Reclamation, Nadi Saed St. 1, Dokki, Giza 12618, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Saad
- Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Emergency Center for Transboundary, Animal Diseases, Dokki, Giza 12611, Egypt
| | - Heba Sobhy
- Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Emergency Center for Transboundary, Animal Diseases, Dokki, Giza 12611, Egypt
| | - Ihab El Masry
- Animal Health Services (AGAH), Emergency Centre for Transboundary Animal Diseases (ECTAD), Dokki, Giza 12611, Egypt
| | - Pamela P McKenzie
- St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis TN 38105, USA
| | - Richard J Webby
- St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis TN 38105, USA
| | - Malik Peiris
- School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, 7 Sassoon Rd, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yilma J Makonnen
- Animal Health Services (AGAH), Emergency Centre for Transboundary Animal Diseases (ECTAD), Dokki, Giza 12611, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A Ali
- Center of Scientific Excellence for Influenza Virus, Environmental Research Division, National Research Centre, Giza 12622, Egypt.
- Center of excellence in Bionanoscience Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 80203, Saudi Arabia.
- Biotechnology Research Group, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 80203, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Ghazi Kayali
- Human Link, Hazmieh 1109, Lebanon.
- Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, University of Texas, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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7
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Byarugaba DK, Erima B, Millard M, Kibuuka H, Lkwago L, Bwogi J, Mimbe D, Kiconco JB, Tugume T, Mworozi EA, Turner J, Mckenzie PP, Webby RRJ, Webster RG, Foret C, Ducatez MF, Coldren R, Wabwire-Mangen F, Krauss S. Whole-genome analysis of influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 viruses isolated in Uganda from 2009 to 2011. Influenza Other Respir Viruses 2016; 10:486-492. [PMID: 27339410 PMCID: PMC5059949 DOI: 10.1111/irv.12401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
We report a whole-genome analysis of 19 influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 isolates from four Ugandan hospitals between 2009 and 2011. The isolates differed from the vaccine strain A/California/07/2009 by three amino acid substitutions P100S, S220T, and I338V in the hemagglutinin and by two amino acid substitutions V106I and N248D in the neuraminidase proteins with consistent mutations in all gene segments distinguishing isolates from the 2009/2010 to 2010/2011 seasons. Phylogenetic analysis showed low genetic evolution, with genetic distances of 0%-1.3% and 0.1%-1.6% for HA and NA genes, respectively. The amino acid substitutions did not lead to antigenic differences from the reference strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis K Byarugaba
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda. .,Makerere University Walter Reed Project, Kampala, Uganda.
| | - Bernard Erima
- Makerere University Walter Reed Project, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Monica Millard
- Makerere University Walter Reed Project, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Hannah Kibuuka
- Makerere University Walter Reed Project, Kampala, Uganda
| | | | | | - Derrick Mimbe
- Makerere University Walter Reed Project, Kampala, Uganda
| | | | - Titus Tugume
- Makerere University Walter Reed Project, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Edison A Mworozi
- College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Jasmine Turner
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Pamela P Mckenzie
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Richard R J Webby
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Robert G Webster
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | | | - Mariette F Ducatez
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA.,IHAP, INRA, ENVT, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Rodney Coldren
- U.S. Army Medical Research Directorate-Kenya, U.S. Embassy, Nairobi, Kenya
| | | | - Scott Krauss
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
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Kirunda H, Erima B, Tumushabe A, Kiconco J, Tugume T, Mulei S, Mimbe D, Mworozi E, Bwogi J, Luswa L, Kibuuka H, Millard M, Byaruhanga A, Ducatez MF, Krauss S, Webby RJ, Webster RG, Wurapa K, Byarugaba DK, Wabwire-Mangen F. Prevalence of influenza A viruses in livestock and free-living waterfowl in Uganda. BMC Vet Res 2014; 10:50. [PMID: 24576325 PMCID: PMC3974059 DOI: 10.1186/1746-6148-10-50] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2013] [Accepted: 02/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Avian influenza viruses may cause severe disease in a variety of domestic animal species worldwide, with high mortality in chickens and turkeys. To reduce the information gap about prevalence of these viruses in animals in Uganda, this study was undertaken. Results Influenza A virus prevalence by RT-PCR was 1.1% (45/4,052) while seroprevalence by ELISA was 0.8% (24/2,970). Virus prevalence was highest in domestic ducks (2.7%, 17/629) and turkeys (2.6%, 2/76), followed by free-living waterfowl (1.3%, 12/929) and swine (1.4%, 7/511). A lower proportion of chicken samples (0.4%, 7/1,865) tested positive. No influenza A virus was isolated. A seasonal prevalence of these viruses in waterfowl was 0.7% (4/561) for the dry and 2.2% (8/368) for the wet season. In poultry, prevalence was 0.2% (2/863) for the dry and 1.4% (24/1,713) for the wet season, while that of swine was 0.0% (0/159) and 2.0% (7/352) in the two seasons, respectively. Of the 45 RT-PCR positive samples, 13 (28.9%) of them were H5 but none was H7. The 19 swine sera positive for influenza antibodies by ELISA were positive for H1 antibodies by HAI assay, but the subtype(s) of ELISA positive poultry sera could not be determined. Antibodies in the poultry sera could have been those against subtypes not included in the HAI test panel. Conclusions The study has demonstrated occurrence of influenza A viruses in animals in Uganda. The results suggest that increase in volumes of migratory waterfowl in the country could be associated with increased prevalence of these viruses in free-living waterfowl and poultry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Halid Kirunda
- National Livestock Resources Research Institute, P,O, Box 96, Tororo, Uganda.
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