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Appleby M, Raoult V, Broadhurst MK, Gaston T. Can denticle morphology help identify southeastern Australian elasmobranchs? J Fish Biol 2024. [PMID: 38491854 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.15704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
Elasmobranchs are covered in scale-like structures called dermal denticles, comprising dentine and enameloid. These structures vary across the body of an individual and between species, and are frequently shed and preserved in marine sediments. With a good understanding of denticle morphology, current and historical elasmobranch diversity and abundance might be assessed from sediment samples. Here, replicate samples of denticles from the bodies of several known (deceased) shark species were collected and characterized for morphology before being assigned morphotypes. These data were used to expand the established literature describing denticles and to investigate intra- and interspecific variability, with the aim of increasing the viability of using sediment samples to assess elasmobranch diversity and abundance. Denticle morphology was influenced more by life-history traits than by species, where demersal species were largely characterized by generalized function and defense denticles, whereas pelagic and benthopelagic species were characterized by drag-reduction denticles. Almost all species possessed abrasion strength or defense denticles on the snout, precluding their utility for separating species. In a separate manipulative experiment, samples of denticles were collected from sediments in two aquaria with known elasmobranchs to determine their utility for reliably separating species. Visual examination of denticles, morphometric measurements, scaled photographs, and reference collections allowed for some precise identification, but not always to the species level. Ongoing work to develop denticle reference collections could help to identify past and present families and, in some cases, species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariah Appleby
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, Ourimbah, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Vincent Raoult
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, Ourimbah, New South Wales, Australia
- Marine Ecology Group, School of Natural Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Matt K Broadhurst
- NSW Department of Primary Industries, Fisheries Conservation Technology Unit, National Marine Science Centre, Southern Cross University, Coffs Harbour, New South Wales, Australia
- School of the Environment, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Troy Gaston
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, Ourimbah, New South Wales, Australia
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Pini-Fitzsimmons J, Raoult V, Gaston T, Knott NA, Brown C. Diving into the diet of provisioned smooth stingrays using stable isotope analysis. J Fish Biol 2023; 102:1206-1218. [PMID: 36880179 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.15370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Recreational fishing waste, produced from processing catches at shore-based fish cleaning facilities and discarded into adjacent waters, is foraged by various aquatic species. However, the potential alterations to the diet of consumers of these resources are poorly studied. Smooth stingrays (Bathytoshia brevicaudata) are a large demersal mesopredatory ray species and common scavenger of recreational fishing discards around southern Australia. Due to their attraction to fish cleaning sites, they are also common targets of unregulated 'stingray feeding' tourism where they are fed commercially produced baits (e.g., pilchards). This study provides a preliminary assessment of the diet of smooth stingrays provisioned recreational fishing discards and baits at two sites in southern New South Wales, Australia (Discard Site: recreational fishing discards only; Provisioning Site: recreational fishing discards and commercial baits) using stable isotope analysis of carbon (δ13 C) and nitrogen (δ15 N), and Bayesian stable isotope mixing models. Our results indicate that at both sites invertebrates, considered a main part of the natural diet of smooth stingrays, made a limited contribution to the diets of provisioned stingrays, while a benthic teleost fish that is a common recreational catch was the dominant contributor. As the assessed teleost is potentially a natural prey item for smooth stingrays, it remains unclear whether the contribution came from recreational fishing discards or natural foraging. However, due to smooth stingrays' typically opportunistic foraging strategy, we expected a greater mixture of resources from low to high trophic level prey than was observed. These results suggest that smooth stingrays have either lower reliance on invertebrates as a result of utilizing provisioned resources or higher reliance on teleost fishes than previously thought. Commercial bait products fed to stingrays at the Provisioning Site were not a major contributor to the diets of smooth stingrays, suggesting this activity has a low impact on their nutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vincent Raoult
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, Ourimbah, NSW, Australia
| | - Troy Gaston
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, Ourimbah, NSW, Australia
| | - Nathan A Knott
- Marine Ecosystems Unit, Fisheries Research, New South Wales Department of Primary Industries, Huskisson, NSW, Australia
| | - Culum Brown
- School of Natural Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW, Australia
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Day JK, Knott NA, Swadling D, Ayre D, Huggett M, Gaston T. Non-lethal sampling does not misrepresent trophic level or dietary sources for Sagmariasus verreauxi (eastern rock lobster). Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 2023; 37:e9435. [PMID: 36409295 PMCID: PMC10078346 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.9435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Isotope analysis can be used to investigate the diets of predators based on assimilation of nitrogen and carbon isotopes from prey. Recent work has shown that tissues taken from legs, antennae or abdomen of lobsters can give different indications of diet, but this has never been evaluated for Sagmariasus verreauxi (eastern rock lobster). Work is now needed to prevent erroneous conclusions being drawn about lobster food webs, and undertaking this work could lead to developing non-lethal sampling methodologies. Non-lethal sampling for lobsters is valuable both ethically and for areas of conservation significance such as marine reserves. METHOD We evaluated this by dissecting 76 lobsters and comparing δ13 C and δ15 N isotope values in antennae, leg and abdomen tissue from the same individuals ranging from 104 to 137 mm carapace length. Stable isotope values were determined using a Europa EA GSL elemental analyser coupled with Hydra 20-20 Isoprime IRMS. RESULTS We found the abdomen δ13 C values to be lower than other tissues by 0.3 ± 0.2‰ for antennae tissue and 0.1 ± 0.2‰ δ13 C for leg tissues, whereas for δ15 N, no significant difference between tissues was observed. There was no significant effect of lobster size or sex, though we did observe interactions between month and tissue type, indicating that differences may be seasonal. Importantly, the detected range of isotopic variability between tissues is within the range of uncertainty used for discrimination factors in isotopic Bayesian modelling of 0‰-1.0‰ for δ13 C and 3.0‰-4.0‰ for δ15 N. CONCLUSIONS We show that S. verreauxi can be sampled non-lethally with mathematical corrections applied for δ13 C, whereas any tissue is suitable for δ15 N. Our results indicate that a walking leg is most favourable and would also be the least intrusive for the lobster. The application of non-lethal sampling provides avenues for the contribution of citizen science to understanding lobster food webs and to undertake fieldwork in ecologically sensitive areas such as marine reserves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy Karl Day
- School of Environmental and Life SciencesUniversity of NewcastleOurimbahNew South WalesAustralia
- NSW Department of Primary IndustriesFisheries ResearchHuskissonNew South WalesAustralia
- School of Earth, Atmospheric and Life SciencesUniversity of WollongongWollongongNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Nathan Aaron Knott
- NSW Department of Primary IndustriesFisheries ResearchHuskissonNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Daniel Swadling
- School of Earth, Atmospheric and Life SciencesUniversity of WollongongWollongongNew South WalesAustralia
| | - David Ayre
- School of Earth, Atmospheric and Life SciencesUniversity of WollongongWollongongNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Megan Huggett
- School of Environmental and Life SciencesUniversity of NewcastleOurimbahNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Troy Gaston
- School of Environmental and Life SciencesUniversity of NewcastleOurimbahNew South WalesAustralia
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Rankin C, Gaston T, Sadat‐Noori M, Glamore W, Morton J, Chalmers A. Innovative Tidal Control Successfully Promotes Saltmarsh Restoration. Restor Ecol 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/rec.13774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Caleb Rankin
- University of Newcastle, Australia, School of Environmental and Life Sciences
| | - Troy Gaston
- University of Newcastle, Australia, School of Environmental and Life Sciences
| | - Mahmood Sadat‐Noori
- UNSW Sydney, Australia, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Water Research Laboratory
| | - William Glamore
- UNSW Sydney, Australia, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Water Research Laboratory
| | - Jason Morton
- Avondale University, Australia, School of Education and Science
| | - Anita Chalmers
- University of Newcastle, Australia, School of Environmental and Life Sciences
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Peneaux C, Grainger R, Lermite F, Machovsky-Capuska GE, Gaston T, Griffin AS. Detrimental effects of urbanization on the diet, health, and signal coloration of an ecologically successful alien bird. Sci Total Environ 2021; 796:148828. [PMID: 34271392 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Theory suggests that overcrowding and increased competition in urban environments might be detrimental to individual condition in avian populations. Unfavourable living conditions could be compounded by changes in dietary niche with additional consequences for individual quality of urban birds. We analysed the isotopic signatures, signal coloration, body condition, parasitic loads (feather mites and coccidia), and immune responsiveness of 191 adult common (Indian) mynas (Acridotheres tristis) captured in 19 localities with differing levels of urbanization. The isotopic signature of myna feathers differed across low and high urbanized habitats, with a reduced isotopic niche breadth found in highly urbanized birds. This suggests that birds in high urban environments may occupy a smaller foraging niche to the one of less urbanized birds. In addition, higher degrees of urbanization were associated with a decrease in carotenoid-based coloration, higher ectoparasite loads and higher immune responsiveness. This pattern of results suggests that the health status of mynas from more urbanized environments was poorer than mynas from less modified habitats. Our findings are consistent with the theory that large proportions of individual birds that would otherwise die under natural conditions survive due to prevailing top-down and bottom-up ecological processes in cities. Detrimental urban ecological conditions and search for more favourable, less crowded habitats offers the first reasonable explanation for why an ecological invader like the common myna continues to spread within its global invasive range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chloe Peneaux
- School of Psychology, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia.
| | - Richard Grainger
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia; School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia
| | - Françoise Lermite
- School of Psychology, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | | | - Troy Gaston
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Andrea S Griffin
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
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Niella Y, Raoult V, Gaston T, Peddemors VM, Harcourt R, Smoothey AF. Overcoming multi-year impacts of maternal isotope signatures using multi-tracers and fast turnover tissues in juvenile sharks. Chemosphere 2021; 269:129393. [PMID: 33383247 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.129393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Stable isotopes are often used to determine the ecological role of different age classes of animals, but particularly for young animals this approach may be compromised. During gestation and or incubation body tissues of the young are derived directly from the mother. In neonates or post hatching, there is a period of transformation as the young grow and forage independently, but during this period different organs will continue to reflect the maternal isotopic signature as a function of their turnover rate. How long this maternal hangover persists remains poorly understood. We applied a multi-tracer approach (δ15N, δ13C and δ34S) to stable isotope signatures in juvenile bull sharks (Carcharhinus leucas) up to 6.5 years post parturition. We found that maternal provisioning was detectable for up to 3.5 years after birth in muscle but only detectable in young-of-the-year for liver. Inclusion of sulphur revealed when maternal signatures disappeared from low-turnover tissue, while also identifying the spatial and trophic ecology patterns from fast-turnover tissue. These results reveal the importance of sampling fast turnover tissues to study the trophic ecology of juvenile elasmobranchs, and how the use of only δ15N and δ13C isotopes is likely to make maternal patterns more difficult to detect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuri Niella
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, 2113, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
| | - Vincent Raoult
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, Ourimbah, New South Wales, 2258, Australia
| | - Troy Gaston
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, Ourimbah, New South Wales, 2258, Australia
| | - Victor M Peddemors
- NSW Department of Primary Industries, Fisheries Research, Sydney Institute of Marine Science, Mosman, 2088, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Robert Harcourt
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, 2113, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Amy F Smoothey
- NSW Department of Primary Industries, Fisheries Research, Sydney Institute of Marine Science, Mosman, 2088, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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McLuckie C, Moltschaniwskyj N, Gaston T, Taylor MD. Effects of reduced pH on an estuarine penaeid shrimp (Metapenaeus macleayi). Environ Pollut 2021; 268:115929. [PMID: 33162210 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Acid sulfate soils are a major problem in modified coastal floodplains and are thought to have substantial impacts on estuarine species. In New South Wales, Australia, acid sulfate soils occur in every estuary and are thought to impact important fisheries species, such as Eastern School Prawn (Metapenaeus macleayi). These fisheries have experienced declining productivity over the last ten years and increasing occurrence of catchment-derived stressors in estuaries contribute to this problem. We evaluated the effect of pH 4-7.5 on School Prawn survival at two salinities (27 and 14.5), pH 5, 6 and 7.5 on the predation escape response (PER) speed at two salinities (27 and 14.5), and pH 4 and 7.5 on respiration rates. While mortality appeared to be greater in the high salinity treatment, there was no significant relationship between proportional survival and pH for either salinity treatment. Respiration was significantly slower under acidic conditions and the average PER was almost twice as fast at pH 7.5 compared to pH 5 (p < 0.05), indicating prawns may fall prey to predation more easily in acidic conditions. These findings confirm the hypothesised impacts of acidic water on penaeid prawns. Given that the conditions simulated in these experiments reflect those encountered in estuaries, acidic runoff may be contributing to bottlenecks for estuarine species and impacting fisheries productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine McLuckie
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, New South Wales, 2308, Australia.
| | - Natalie Moltschaniwskyj
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, New South Wales, 2308, Australia; Port Stephens Fisheries Institute, New South Wales Department of Primary Industries, Locked Bag 1, Nelson Bay, New South Wales, 2315, Australia
| | - Troy Gaston
- Port Stephens Fisheries Institute, New South Wales Department of Primary Industries, Locked Bag 1, Nelson Bay, New South Wales, 2315, Australia
| | - Matthew D Taylor
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, New South Wales, 2308, Australia; Port Stephens Fisheries Institute, New South Wales Department of Primary Industries, Locked Bag 1, Nelson Bay, New South Wales, 2315, Australia
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McLuckie C, Moltschaniwskyj N, Gaston T, Dunstan RH, Crompton M, Butcherine P, Benkendorff K, Taylor MD. Lethal and sub-lethal effects of environmentally relevant levels of imidacloprid pesticide to Eastern School Prawn, Metapenaeus macleayi. Sci Total Environ 2020; 742:140449. [PMID: 32640399 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Pesticides are frequently employed to enhance agricultural production. Neonicotinoid pesticides (including imidacloprid) are often used to control sucking insects but have been shown to impact aquatic crustaceans. Imidacloprid is highly water soluble and has been detected in estuaries where it has been applied in adjacent catchments. We examined the impact of environmentally relevant concentrations of imidacloprid on Eastern School Prawn (Metapenaeus macleayi), an important exploited crustacean in Australia. Prawns were held for 8 days in estuarine water containing 0-4 μg L-1 of imidacloprid to assess potential lethal and non-lethal impacts. There was a non-linear relationship between exposure concentration and tissue concentration, with tissue concentrations peaking at exposures of 1.4 μg L-1 (1.16 to 1.64 μg L-1, 90% C.I.). There was no evidence for direct mortality associated with imidacloprid exposure, but exposure did influence the organism metabolome which likely reflects alterations in metabolic homeostasis, such as changes in the fatty acid composition which indicate a shift in lipid homeostasis. There was a positive correlation between exposure concentration and moulting frequency. Shedding of the exoskeleton may represent a mechanism through which prawns can expel the contaminant from their bodies. These results indicate that prawns experience several different sub-lethal effects when exposed to these pesticides, which may have implications for the health of populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine McLuckie
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, New South Wales 2308, Australia.
| | - Natalie Moltschaniwskyj
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, New South Wales 2308, Australia; Port Stephens Fisheries Institute, New South Wales Department of Primary Industries, Locked Bag 1, Nelson Bay, New South Wales 2315, Australia
| | - Troy Gaston
- Port Stephens Fisheries Institute, New South Wales Department of Primary Industries, Locked Bag 1, Nelson Bay, New South Wales 2315, Australia
| | - R Hugh Dunstan
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, New South Wales 2308, Australia
| | - Marcus Crompton
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, New South Wales 2308, Australia
| | - Peter Butcherine
- National Marine Science Centre, School of Environment, Science and Engineering, Southern Cross University, 2 Bay Drive, Coffs Harbour, New South Wales 2480, Australia
| | - Kirsten Benkendorff
- National Marine Science Centre, School of Environment, Science and Engineering, Southern Cross University, 2 Bay Drive, Coffs Harbour, New South Wales 2480, Australia
| | - Matthew D Taylor
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, New South Wales 2308, Australia; Port Stephens Fisheries Institute, New South Wales Department of Primary Industries, Locked Bag 1, Nelson Bay, New South Wales 2315, Australia
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Alter BP, Gaston T, Lipton JM. Lack of effect of corticosteroids in W/Wv and S1/S1d mice: these strains are not a model for steroid-responsive Diamond-Blackfan anemia. Eur J Haematol Suppl 1993; 50:275-8. [PMID: 7686505 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0609.1993.tb00162.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
W/Wv and S1/S1d mice with macrocytic anemias are a potential model for human inherited pure red cell anemia, called Diamond-Blackfan anemia (DBA). The W mutation involves the gene for c-kit, and the S1 mutation the gene for the kit ligand, called mast cell growth factor, steel factor, or stem cell factor. Since many children with DBA respond to treatment with corticosteroids, we administered steroids to these genetically anemic mice, to determine whether they might provide a model for the human disease. There was no improvement in the murine anemia, consistent with other evidence suggesting that mutations in kit or steel may not be involved in Diamond-Blackfan anemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- B P Alter
- Polly Annenberg Levee Hematology Center, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY
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Nevins TE, Gaston T, Basgen JM. Quantitative indexes of aminonucleoside-induced nephrotic syndrome. Am J Pathol 1984; 117:30-6. [PMID: 6486243 PMCID: PMC1900560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Aminonucleoside of puromycin (PAN) is known to cause altered glomerular permeability, resulting in a nephrotic syndrome in rats. The early sequence of this lesion was studied quantitatively, with the application of a new morphometric technique for determining epithelial foot process widths and a sensitive assay for quantifying urinary albumin excretion. Twenty-four hours following a single intraperitoneal injection of PAN, significant widening of foot processes was documented. Within 36 hours significant increases in urinary albumin excretion were observed. When control rats were examined, there was no clear correlation between epithelial foot process width and quantitative albumin excretion. However, in the PAN-treated animals, abnormal albuminuria only appeared in association with appreciable foot process expansion. These studies indicate that quantitative alterations occur in the rat glomerular capillary wall as early as 24 hours after PAN. Further studies of altered glomerular permeability may use these sensitive measures to more precisely define the temporal sequence and elucidate possible subgroups of experimental glomerular injury.
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