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Hurth Z, Faber ML, Gendrisch F, Holzer M, Haarhaus B, Cawelius A, Schwabe K, Schempp CM, Wölfle U. The Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Humulus lupulus Extract In Vivo Depends on the Galenic System of the Topical Formulation. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15030350. [PMID: 35337147 PMCID: PMC8951350 DOI: 10.3390/ph15030350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
We demonstrated the anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative effects of Humulus lupulus (HL) extract on solar simulator-irradiated primary human keratinocytes (PHKs) by analyzing ERK and p38 MAPK phosphorylation and production of IL-6 and IL-8. The anti-inflammatory effect of topically applied HL was further tested in vivo on human skin. To this end, we developed an oil-in-water (O/W) and a water-in-oil (W/O) cream with a lipid content of 40%. The anti-inflammatory effect of 1% HL extract incorporated in these two vehicles was assessed in a randomized, prospective, placebo controlled, double-blind UVB erythema study with 40 healthy volunteers. Hydrocortisone acetate (HCA) in the corresponding vehicle served as positive control. Surprisingly, both HL and HCA were only effective in the O/W system but not in the W/O formulation. Release studies using vertical diffusion cells (Franz cells) revealed that HCA was released in much higher amounts from the O/W cream compared to the W/O formulation. In summary, we have shown that 1% HL extract exerts anti-inflammatory effects comparable to 1% HCA, but only when incorporated in our O/W cream. Our findings confirm the critical role of the vehicle in topical anti-inflammatory systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zita Hurth
- Research Center Skinitial, Department of Dermatology, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; (Z.H.); (M.-L.F.); (F.G.); (B.H.); (C.M.S.)
| | - Marie-Luise Faber
- Research Center Skinitial, Department of Dermatology, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; (Z.H.); (M.-L.F.); (F.G.); (B.H.); (C.M.S.)
| | - Fabian Gendrisch
- Research Center Skinitial, Department of Dermatology, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; (Z.H.); (M.-L.F.); (F.G.); (B.H.); (C.M.S.)
| | - Martin Holzer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany;
| | - Birgit Haarhaus
- Research Center Skinitial, Department of Dermatology, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; (Z.H.); (M.-L.F.); (F.G.); (B.H.); (C.M.S.)
| | - Anja Cawelius
- Flavex Naturextrakte GmbH, 66780 Rehlingen, Germany;
| | - Kay Schwabe
- BSI-Beauty Science Intelligence GmbH, 30855 Langenhagen, Germany;
| | - Christoph Mathis Schempp
- Research Center Skinitial, Department of Dermatology, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; (Z.H.); (M.-L.F.); (F.G.); (B.H.); (C.M.S.)
| | - Ute Wölfle
- Research Center Skinitial, Department of Dermatology, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; (Z.H.); (M.-L.F.); (F.G.); (B.H.); (C.M.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-761-270-68250
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Gendrisch F, Haarhaus B, Schempp CM, Wölfle U. Anti-Psoriatic Effects of Antimony Compounds In Vitro. Molecules 2021; 26:5814. [PMID: 34641358 PMCID: PMC8510055 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26195814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease characterized by hyperproliferation of keratinocytes and a pro-inflammatory milieu in the skin. While patients with moderate to severe psoriasis are treated using targeted therapies (small molecules and monoclonal antibodies), patients suffering from milder forms are still in need of effective topical products without adverse effects. Antimony compounds (ACs) are regularly used as anti-inflammatory compounds in traditional and anthroposophic medicine and as antiprotozoan drugs. Here, we examined the effect of metallic antimony, natural antimony(III) sulfide and potassium antimonyl(III) tartrate in vitro on psoriasis-like keratinocytes and the human dendritic cell line THP-1 using qPCR, immunocytochemistry, ELISA and flow cytometry. In psoriatic keratinocytes, ACs inhibited the overexpression of the antimicrobial peptide β-defensin 2 and glucose transporter 1, as well as the hyperproliferation marker keratin 17. Furthermore, ACs mediated anti-inflammatory effects by reducing nuclear translocation of the p65 subunit of NF-κB and pSTAT3 and inhibited pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion by keratinocytes. In addition, ACs displayed anti-psoriatic effects by reducing the activation of IFN-α-treated THP-1 cells as well as the expression of the psoriasis-promoting master cytokine IL-23 by these cells. While all ACs showed anti-psoriatic effects, the most prominent results were seen with potassium antimonyl(III) tartrate. In summary, ACs display numerous anti-psoriatic effects in vitro at subtoxic concentrations. We conclude that ACs are interesting compounds for the topical treatment of psoriasis that warrant further investigation in clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Gendrisch
- Research Center Skinitial, Department of Dermatology, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany; (B.H.); (C.M.S.); (U.W.)
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Abstract
Luteolin belongs to the group of flavonoids and can be found in flowers, herbs, vegetables and spices. It plays an important role in defending plants, for example against UV radiation by partially absorbing UVA and UVB radiation. Thus, luteolin can also decrease adverse photobiological effects in the skin by acting as a first line of defense. Furthermore, anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory activities of luteolin were described on keratinocytes and fibroblasts as well as on several immune cells (e.g., macrophages, mast cell, neutrophils, dendritic cells and T cells). Luteolin can suppress proinflammatory mediators (e.g., IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-17, IL-22, TNF-α and COX-2) and regulate various signaling pathway (e.g., the NF-κB, JAK-STAT as well as TLR signaling pathway). In this way, luteolin modulates many inflammatory processes of the skin. The present review summarizes the recent in vitro and in vivo research on luteolin in the field of skin aging and skin cancer, wound healing as well as inflammatory skin diseases, including psoriasis, contact dermatitis and atopic dermatitis. In conclusion, luteolin might be a promising molecule for the development of topic formulations and systemic agents against inflammatory skin diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Gendrisch
- Research Center Skinitial, Department of Dermatology, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Philipp R Esser
- Allergy Research Group, Department of Dermatology, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Christoph M Schempp
- Research Center Skinitial, Department of Dermatology, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ute Wölfle
- Research Center Skinitial, Department of Dermatology, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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Hoffmann J, Wölfle U, Schempp C. Phytotherapie bei entzündlichen Hauterkrankungen. Akt Dermatol 2019. [DOI: 10.1055/a-0881-6976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
ZusammenfassungIn den letzten Jahren wurden einige neue pflanzliche Arzneimittel, Medizinprodukte und Hautpflegemittel für die topische Behandlung von entzündlichen Hauterkrankungen entwickelt. Besonders gut belegt ist die Wirksamkeit von Inhaltsstoffen aus dem Süßholz bei der atopischen Dermatitis und von Indigoextrakten bei der Psoriasis. Ein neuer vielversprechender Therapieansatz zur äußerlichen Behandlung einer geschädigten Hautbarriere sind Bitterstoffe, die an Bitterstoffrezeptoren der Haut binden und die Keratin- und Lipidsynthese der Keratinozyten anregen. Weitere pflanzliche Wirkstoffe für die Behandlung von Rosazea und Akne vulgaris werden ebenfalls besprochen.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Hoffmann
- Klinik für Dermatologie und Venerologie, Universitätsklinikum Freiburg, Freiburg
| | - U. Wölfle
- Klinik für Dermatologie und Venerologie, Universitätsklinikum Freiburg, Freiburg
| | - C. Schempp
- Klinik für Dermatologie und Venerologie, Universitätsklinikum Freiburg, Freiburg
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Seiwerth J, Tasiopoulou G, Hoffmann J, Wölfle U, Schwabe K, Quirin KW, Schempp CM. Anti-Inflammatory Effect of a Novel Topical Herbal Composition (VEL-091604) Consisting of Gentian Root, Licorice Root and Willow Bark Extract. Planta Med 2019; 85:608-614. [PMID: 30690691 DOI: 10.1055/a-0835-6806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The anti-inflammatory properties of the topical herbal composition VEL-091604 with gentian root, licorice root, and willow bark extract were assessed in a randomized, prospective, placebo-controlled, double-blind ultraviolet (UV)-erythema test study with 42 healthy volunteers in comparison to 1% hydrocortisone acetate. The efficacy and tolerability of VEL-091604 cream 2 times daily over 2 wk was evaluated in an open-label, prospective proof of concept study in 10 subjects with atopic dermatitis using a lesional SCORAD severity score. In the UV-erythema test VEL-091604 cream significantly reduced inflammation compared to placebo and was as effective as 1% hydrocortisone acetate. The clinical study with atopic subjects revealed a significant and rapid reduction of the lesional SCORAD severity score in the test areas after 1 and 2 wk. No adverse events were recorded. It is concluded that the herbal cream VEL-091604 with licorice root, willow bark, and gentian root extract display anti-inflammatory properties in vivo. It is a promising new treatment option for atopic dermatitis that warrants further investigation in controlled studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmin Seiwerth
- Research Center skinitial, Department of Dermatology, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Georgia Tasiopoulou
- Research Center skinitial, Department of Dermatology, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Julia Hoffmann
- Research Center skinitial, Department of Dermatology, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ute Wölfle
- Research Center skinitial, Department of Dermatology, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Kay Schwabe
- BSI Beauty Science Intelligence GmbH, Langenhagen, Germany
| | | | - Christoph Mathis Schempp
- Research Center skinitial, Department of Dermatology, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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Weber N, Schwabe K, Schempp CM, Wölfle U. Effect of a botanical cleansing lotion on skin sebum and erythema of the face: A randomized controlled blinded half-side comparison. J Cosmet Dermatol 2018; 18:821-826. [PMID: 30022595 DOI: 10.1111/jocd.12680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Elevated levels of skin sebum are associated with the growth of Propionibacterium acnes. Intensive degreasing of the skin reduces Propionibacterium acnes but also may cause skin irritation. AIMS We assessed the degreasing effect and skin tolerability of a botanical face cleanser with hops and willow bark extract and disodium cocoyl glutamate as mild cleansing agent compared to a standard face cleanser with sodium laureth sulfate (SLES). MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 21 healthy volunteers with normal to oily skin were enrolled in this study. Both cleansers were applied twice a day on the left or right side of the forehead for 15 days in a standardized manner. Bioengineering measurements were performed on day 8 and 15 and on day 17 after an application break of 48 hours. The sebum level was determined using a Sebumeter® , and skin redness was measured using a Mexameter® . RESULTS The botanical face cleanser significantly reduced the sebum level (P < .01) in the test area on day 17. The SLES containing cleanser showed a statistically relevant degreasing effect already on day 15, but after the application break the sebum level increased again on day 17. None of the cleansers caused skin irritation as determined by skin redness measurements. CONCLUSIONS In contrast to the SLES containing cleanser, the botanical skin cleanser with hops and willow bark extract had a continuous degreasing effect without reactive seborrhoe after the treatment break. Skin cleansing without SLES might be advantageous for sensitive skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalja Weber
- Department of Dermatology, Research Center skinitial, University Medical Center, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Kay Schwabe
- BSI-Beauty Science Intelligence GmbH, Langenhagen, Germany
| | - Christoph M Schempp
- Department of Dermatology, Research Center skinitial, University Medical Center, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ute Wölfle
- Department of Dermatology, Research Center skinitial, University Medical Center, Freiburg, Germany
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Kapp FG, Perlin JR, Hagedorn EJ, Gansner JM, Schwarz DE, O'Connell LA, Johnson NS, Amemiya C, Fisher DE, Wölfle U, Trompouki E, Niemeyer CM, Driever W, Zon LI. Protection from UV light is an evolutionarily conserved feature of the haematopoietic niche. Nature 2018; 558:445-448. [PMID: 29899448 PMCID: PMC6093292 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-018-0213-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Haematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) require a specific microenvironment, the haematopoietic niche, which regulates HSPC behaviour1,2. The location of this niche varies across species, but the evolutionary pressures that drive HSPCs to different microenvironments remain unknown. The niche is located in the bone marrow in adult mammals, whereas it is found in other locations in non-mammalian vertebrates, for example, in the kidney marrow in teleost fish. Here we show that a melanocyte umbrella above the kidney marrow protects HSPCs against ultraviolet light in zebrafish. Because mutants that lack melanocytes have normal steady-state haematopoiesis under standard laboratory conditions, we hypothesized that melanocytes above the stem cell niche protect HSPCs against ultraviolet-light-induced DNA damage. Indeed, after ultraviolet-light irradiation, unpigmented larvae show higher levels of DNA damage in HSPCs, as indicated by staining of cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers and have reduced numbers of HSPCs, as shown by cmyb (also known as myb) expression. The umbrella of melanocytes associated with the haematopoietic niche is highly evolutionarily conserved in aquatic animals, including the sea lamprey, a basal vertebrate. During the transition from an aquatic to a terrestrial environment, HSPCs relocated into the bone marrow, which is protected from ultraviolet light by the cortical bone around the marrow. Our studies reveal that melanocytes above the haematopoietic niche protect HSPCs from ultraviolet-light-induced DNA damage in aquatic vertebrates and suggest that during the transition to terrestrial life, ultraviolet light was an evolutionary pressure affecting the location of the haematopoietic niche.
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Affiliation(s)
- Friedrich G Kapp
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology and Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Stem Cell Program and Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital and Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Center for Pediatrics, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Julie R Perlin
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology and Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Stem Cell Program and Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital and Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Elliott J Hagedorn
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology and Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Stem Cell Program and Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital and Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - John M Gansner
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Daniel E Schwarz
- US Fish and Wildlife Service, Private John Allen National Fish Hatchery, Tupelo, MS, USA
| | | | - Nicholas S Johnson
- US Geological Survey, Great Lakes Science Center, Hammond Bay Biological Station, Millersburg, MI, USA
| | - Chris Amemiya
- Molecular Cell Biology, University of California, Merced, CA, USA
| | - David E Fisher
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Ute Wölfle
- Department of Dermatology, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Eirini Trompouki
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Charlotte M Niemeyer
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Center for Pediatrics, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Driever
- Developmental Biology, Faculty of Biology, Centre for Biological Signalling Studies (BIOSS), Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Leonard I Zon
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology and Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Stem Cell Program and Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital and Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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Hoffmann J, Wölfle U, Schempp CM, Casetti F. Tannins from Potentilla officinalis display antiinflammatory effects in the UV erythema test and on atopic skin. J Dtsch Dermatol Ges 2018; 14:917-22. [PMID: 27607036 DOI: 10.1111/ddg.12792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rich in tannins, the rhizome of Potentilla officinalis (PO) has traditionally been used in the topical treatment of inflammatory disorders of the skin and mucous membranes. The objective of the present study was to examine the antiinflammatory effects of PO in the UV erythema test as well as in patients with atopic skin. PATIENTS AND METHODS Using the UV erythema test, the antiinflammatory effects of a PO extract (2 %) - compared to 1 % hydrocortisone acetate - were assessed in a randomized, prospective, placebo-controlled double-blind study of 40 healthy volunteers. In the context of a prospective non-controlled trial, the efficacy and tolerability of 2 % PO cream (applied to defined test areas twice daily for two weeks) was evaluated in twelve adults and twelve children with atopic skin using a partial SCORAD. In addition, the effects on the degree of erythema in the test areas was measured photometrically. RESULTS In the UV erythema test, PO cream significantly reduced the erythema index compared to the vehicle. The antiinflammatory effects of PO cream were comparable to those of 1 % hydrocortisone acetate cream. The clinical study with atopic patients revealed a significant reduction in the partial SCORAD as well as erythema in the test areas. No adverse events were recorded. CONCLUSIONS PO cream displays antiinflammatory effects in vivo. It is effective in and well tolerated by patients with atopic skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Hoffmann
- Research Center skinitial, Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ute Wölfle
- Research Center skinitial, Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Freiburg, Germany
| | - Christoph M Schempp
- Research Center skinitial, Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Federica Casetti
- Research Center skinitial, Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Freiburg, Germany
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9
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Maier K, He Y, Wölfle U, Esser PR, Brummer T, Schempp C, Bruckner-Tuderman L, Has C. UV-B-induced cutaneous inflammation and prospects for antioxidant treatment in Kindler syndrome. Hum Mol Genet 2017; 25:5339-5352. [PMID: 27798104 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddw350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2016] [Accepted: 10/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Kindler syndrome (KS), a rare, autosomal recessive disorder comprises mechanical skin fragility and photosensitivity, which manifest early in life. The progression of the disorder is irreversible and results in tissue damage in form of cutaneous and mucosal atrophy and scarring and epithelial cancers. Here, we unravel molecular mechanisms of increased UV-B sensitivity of keratinocytes derived from KS patients. We show that the pro-inflammatory cytokines, IL-1ß, IL-6 and TNF-α, are upregulated in KS skin and in UV-B irradiated KS keratinocytes. These cytokines are dependent on p38 activation, which is increased in the absence of kindlin-1 and induced by higher ROS levels. Other dysregulated cytokines and growth factors were identified in this study and might be involved in paracrine interactions contributing to KS pathology. We show a direct relationship between kindlin-1 abundance and UV-B induced apoptosis in keratinocytes, whereas kindlin-2 overexpression has no compensatory effect. Importantly, low levels of kindlin-1 are sufficient to relieve or rescue this feature. Reduction of pro-inflammatory cytokines and of UV-B induced apoptosis is a valid therapeutic goal to influence long term complications of KS. Here, we demonstrate that antioxidants and the plant flavonoid luteolin represent feasible topical therapeutic approaches decreasing UV-B induced apoptosis in two-dimensional and organotypic KS cultures. We provide evidence for potential new therapeutic approaches to mitigate the progressive course of KS, for which no cure is available to date. Furthermore, we established organotypic KS models, a valuable in vitro tool for research with a morphology similar to the skin of patients in situ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin Maier
- Department of Dermatology, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Yinghong He
- Department of Dermatology, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ute Wölfle
- Department of Dermatology, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Philipp R Esser
- Department of Dermatology, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Tilman Brummer
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Cell Research.,Centre for Biological Signalling Studies BIOSS, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Schempp
- Department of Dermatology, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Leena Bruckner-Tuderman
- Department of Dermatology, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Centre for Biological Signalling Studies BIOSS, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Cristina Has
- Department of Dermatology, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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10
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Wölfle U, Hoffmann J, Haarhaus B, Rao Mittapalli V, Schempp CM. Anti-inflammatory and vasoconstrictive properties of Potentilla erecta - A traditional medicinal plant from the northern hemisphere. J Ethnopharmacol 2017; 204:86-94. [PMID: 28400287 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2017.03.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2016] [Revised: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 03/31/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Potentilla erecta (L.) Raeusch is a medicinal plant of the Northern hemisphere belonging to the plant family of roses (Rosaceae). It has traditionally been used to treat inflammatory disorders of the skin and mucous membranes as well as chronic diarrhea. AIM OF THE STUDY In the present study we analyzed the anti-inflammatory and vasoconstrictive effect of a Potentilla erecta extract (PE) and questioned if PE is similar effective as mild corticosteroids. Then we analyzed if PE acts in the skin via a similar mode of action as corticosteroids. MATERIAL AND METHODS The anti-inflammatory effect of PE was analyzed in irradiated HaCaT keratinocytes by measuring the formation of IL-6 and PGE2. Additionally the effect of PE on TNF-α induced NF-κB activation was determined. As the anti-inflammatory effect of corticosteroids correlates with their vasoconstrictive properties we tested if PE displays also vasoconstriction. Therefore we performed an occlusive patch test and a collagen contraction assay. Furthermore the binding of PE to the glucocorticoid receptor was determined with stainings and reporter assays. The interaction of PE on the nitric oxide (NO) content was examined with radical scavenging and endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) reporter assays. RESULTS In irradiated or TNF-α stimulated HaCaT cells the formation of IL-6 and PGE2 or NF-κB activation was strongly reduced by PE. Furthermore PE showed a blanching effect comparable to hydrocortisone. However, in contrast to glucocorticoids, PE did not cause nuclear translocation of the glucocorticoid receptor in HaCaT cells. The blanching effect of PE was at least partly attributable to a scavenging effect of NO and inhibition of eNOS. CONCLUSIONS PE displays anti-inflammatory and vasoconstrictive effects and might therefore be beneficial for the topical treatment of inflammatory skin disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ute Wölfle
- Research Centre skinitial, Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center, Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Julia Hoffmann
- Research Centre skinitial, Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Birgit Haarhaus
- Research Centre skinitial, Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center, Freiburg, Germany
| | | | - Christoph M Schempp
- Research Centre skinitial, Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center, Freiburg, Germany
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11
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Maier K, He Y, Wölfle U, Schempp C, Bruckner-Tuderman L, Has C. 166 Kindlin-1 protects keratinocytes against UV-B: Prospects for antioxidant treatment in Kindler syndrome. J Invest Dermatol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2016.06.184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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12
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Hoffmann J, Wölfle U, Schempp CM, Casetti F. Gerbstoffe aus Potentilla officinalis
wirken entzündungshemmend im UV-Erythem-Test und bei Anwendung auf atopischer Haut. J Dtsch Dermatol Ges 2016; 14:917-23. [DOI: 10.1111/ddg.12792_g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Julia Hoffmann
- Forschungszentrum skinitial; Klinik für Dermatologie; Universitätsklinikum Freiburg
| | - Ute Wölfle
- Forschungszentrum skinitial; Klinik für Dermatologie; Universitätsklinikum Freiburg
| | - Christoph M. Schempp
- Forschungszentrum skinitial; Klinik für Dermatologie; Universitätsklinikum Freiburg
| | - Federica Casetti
- Forschungszentrum skinitial; Klinik für Dermatologie; Universitätsklinikum Freiburg
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Wölfle U, Elsholz FA, Kersten A, Haarhaus B, Schumacher U, Schempp CM. Expression and Functional Activity of the Human Bitter Taste Receptor TAS2R38 in Human Placental Tissues and JEG-3 Cells. Molecules 2016; 21:306. [PMID: 26950109 PMCID: PMC6273027 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21030306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Revised: 02/24/2016] [Accepted: 02/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Bitter taste receptors (TAS2Rs) are expressed in mucous epithelial cells of the tongue but also outside the gustatory system in epithelial cells of the colon, stomach and bladder, in the upper respiratory tract, in the cornified squamous epithelium of the skin as well as in airway smooth muscle cells, in the testis and in the brain. In the present work we addressed the question if bitter taste receptors might also be expressed in other epithelial tissues as well. By staining a tissue microarray with 45 tissue spots from healthy human donors with an antibody directed against the best characterized bitter taste receptor TAS2R38, we observed an unexpected strong TAS2R38 expression in the amniotic epithelium, syncytiotrophoblast and decidua cells of the human placenta. To analyze the functionality we first determined the TAS2R38 expression in the placental cell line JEG-3. Stimulation of these cells with diphenidol, a clinically used antiemetic agent that binds TAS2Rs including TAS2R38, demonstrated the functionality of the TAS2Rs by inducing calcium influx. Restriction enzyme based detection of the TAS2R38 gene allele identified JEG-3 cells as PTC (phenylthiocarbamide)-taster cell line. Calcium influx induced by PTC in JEG-3 cells could be inhibited with the recently described TAS2R38 inhibitor probenecid and proved the specificity of the TAS2R38 activation. The expression of TAS2R38 in human placental tissues points to further new functions and hitherto unknown endogenous ligands of TAS2Rs far beyond bitter tasting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ute Wölfle
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center, Freiburg 79104, Germany.
| | - Floriana A Elsholz
- Department of Pharmacology, Biocenter, Goethe-University, Frankfurt 60438, Germany.
| | - Astrid Kersten
- Dermatohistological Laboratory Dr.Laaff, Freiburg 79111, Germany.
| | - Birgit Haarhaus
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center, Freiburg 79104, Germany.
| | - Udo Schumacher
- Department of Anatomy and Experimental Morphology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Hamburg 20246, Germany.
| | - Christoph M Schempp
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center, Freiburg 79104, Germany.
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Wölfle U, Haarhaus B, Kersten A, Fiebich B, Hug MJ, Schempp CM. Salicin from Willow Bark can Modulate Neurite Outgrowth in Human Neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y Cells. Phytother Res 2015; 29:1494-500. [PMID: 26096905 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Salicin from willow bark has been used throughout centuries in China and Europe for the treatment of pain, headache, and inflammatory conditions. Recently, it could be demonstrated that salicin binds and activates the bitter taste receptor TAS2R16. Studies on rodent tissues showed the general expression of bitter taste receptors (TAS2Rs) in rodent brain. Here, we demonstrate the expression of hTAS2R16 in human neuronal tissues and the neuroblastoma cell line SH-SY5Y. The functionality was analyzed in the neuroblastoma cell line SH-SY5Y after stimulation with salicin, a known TAS2R16 agonist. In this setting salicin induced in SH-SY5Y cells phosphorylation of ERK and CREB, the key transcription factor of neuronal differentiation. PD98059, an inhibitor of the ERK pathway, as well as probenecid, a TAS2R16 antagonist, inhibited receptor phosphorylation as well as neurite outgrowth. These data show that salicin might modulate neurite outgrowth by bitter taste receptor activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ute Wölfle
- Research Center skinitial, Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Birgit Haarhaus
- Research Center skinitial, Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Astrid Kersten
- DermatoHistological Laboratory Dr.Laaff, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Bernd Fiebich
- Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Martin J Hug
- Pharmacy, University Medical Center, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Christoph M Schempp
- Research Center skinitial, Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center, Freiburg, Germany
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15
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Wölfle U, Elsholz FA, Kersten A, Haarhaus B, Müller WE, Schempp CM. Expression and functional activity of the bitter taste receptors TAS2R1 and TAS2R38 in human keratinocytes. Skin Pharmacol Physiol 2015; 28:137-46. [PMID: 25573083 DOI: 10.1159/000367631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2014] [Accepted: 08/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies have shown that human bitter taste receptors (TAS2Rs) are not only expressed in mucous epithelial cells of the tongue, but also in epithelial cells of the colon, stomach and upper respiratory tract. These cell types come in close contact with external bitter compounds by ingestion or breathing. In the present work we addressed the question whether bitter taste receptors might also be expressed in cornified epithelial cells of the skin. Here, we show for the first time the expression of TAS2R1 and TAS2R38 in human skin. Double staining of HaCaT cells and primary keratinocytes demonstrated the colocalization of TAS2R1 and TAS2R38 with the adaptor protein α-gustducin that is essential for signal transduction upon ligand binding. To test if TAS2Rs in keratinocytes are functional, we stimulated HaCaT cells with diphenidol, a clinically used bitter-tasting antiemetic, or amarogentin, the bitterest plant substance, that binds TAS2Rs, including TAS2R1 and TAS2R38. Diphenidol and amarogentin induced calcium influx. Furthermore, in keratinocytes diphenidol and amarogentin stimulated the expression of the differentiation markers keratin 10, involucrin and transglutaminase. Therefore, apart from the known role in mucous membranes of the gastrointestinal tract, TAS2Rs are expressed in the epidermis and might play a role in keratinocyte differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ute Wölfle
- Research Center skinitial, Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center, Freiburg, Germany
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16
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Wölfle U, Seelinger G, Bauer G, Meinke MC, Lademann J, Schempp CM. Reactive molecule species and antioxidative mechanisms in normal skin and skin aging. Skin Pharmacol Physiol 2014; 27:316-32. [PMID: 24994069 DOI: 10.1159/000360092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2013] [Accepted: 01/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS/RNS) which may exist as radicals or nonradicals, as well as reactive sulfur species and reactive carbon species, play a major role in aging processes and in carcinogenesis. These reactive molecule species (RMS), often referred to as 'free radicals' or oxidants, are partly by-products of the physiological metabolism. When RMS concentrations exceed a certain threshold, cell compartments and cells are injured and destroyed. Endogenous physiological mechanisms are able to neutralize RMS to some extent, thereby limiting damage. In the skin, however, pollutants and particularly UV irradiation are able to produce additional oxidants which overload the endogenous protection system and cause early aging, debilitation of immune functions, and skin cancer. The application of antioxidants from various sources in skin care products and food supplements is therefore widespread, with increasingly effective formulations being introduced. The harmful effects of RMS (aside from impaired structure and function of DNA, proteins, and lipids) are: interference with specific regulatory mechanisms and signaling pathways in cell metabolism, resulting in chronic inflammation, weakening of immune functions, and degradation of tissue. Important control mechanisms are: MAP-kinases, the aryl-hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), the antagonistic transcription factors nuclear factor-κB and Nrf2 (nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2), and, especially important, the induction of matrix metalloproteinases which degrade dermal connective tissue. Recent research, however, has revealed that RMS and in particular ROS/RNS are apparently also produced by specific enzyme reactions in an evolutionarily adapted manner. They may fulfill important physiologic functions such as the activation of specific signaling chains in the cell metabolism, defense against infectious pathogens, and regulation of the immune system. Normal physiological conditions are characterized by equilibrium of oxidative and antioxidative mechanisms. The application of antioxidants in the form of 'cosmeceuticals' or systemic 'nutraceuticals' should aim to support a physiologically balanced oxidation status in the skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ute Wölfle
- Skintegral Research Center, Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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17
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Kiritsi D, Schauer F, Wölfle U, Valari M, Bruckner-Tuderman L, Has C, Happle R. Targeting epidermal lipids for treatment of Mendelian disorders of cornification. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2014; 9:33. [PMID: 24607067 PMCID: PMC3975448 DOI: 10.1186/1750-1172-9-33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2013] [Accepted: 03/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inherited ichthyoses or Mendelian disorders of cornification (MeDOC) are clinically heterogeneous disorders with high unmet therapeutic needs, which are characterized by skin hyperkeratosis and scaling. Some MeDOC types are associated with defects of the epidermal lipid metabolism, resulting in perturbed barrier permeability and subsequent epidermal hyperplasia, hyperkeratosis and inflammation. An example is the CHILD (congenital hemidysplasia with ichthyosiform nevus and limb defects) syndrome, an X-linked dominant multisystem MeDOC caused by mutations in the NSDHL (NAD(P)H steroid dehydrogenase-like protein) gene, which is involved in the distal cholesterol biosynthetic pathway. The skin manifestations of the CHILD syndrome have been attributed to two major mechanisms: deficiency of cholesterol, probably influencing the proper corneocyte membrane formation, and toxic accumulation of aberrant steroid precursors. METHODS Here we addressed the efficacy of an ointment containing cholesterol and simvastatin, an agent inhibiting endogenous cholesterol synthesis in a compassionate-use treatment of three patients with CHILD syndrome. To test the specificity of this therapeutic approach, we applied the same topical treatment to two patients with other types of MeDOC with disturbed skin lipid metabolism. RESULTS The therapy with simvastatin and cholesterol was highly effective and well-tolerated by the CHILD syndrome patients; only lesions in the body folds represented a therapeutic challenge. No improvement was noted in the patients with other types of MeDOC. CONCLUSIONS This therapy is inexpensive and accessible to every patient with CHILD syndrome, because both simvastatin and cholesterol are available worldwide. Our data provide initial evidence of the specificity of the therapeutic effect of the simvastatin-cholesterol ointment in CHILD syndrome in comparison to other types of MeDOC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Cristina Has
- Department of Dermatology, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany.
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18
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Abstract
St. John's wort (Hypericum perforatum) has been intensively investigated for its antidepressive activity, but dermatological applications also have a long tradition. Topical St. John's wort preparations such as oils or tinctures are used for the treatment of minor wounds and burns, sunburns, abrasions, bruises, contusions, ulcers, myalgia, and many others. Pharmacological research supports the use in these fields. Of the constituents, naphthodianthrones (e.g., hypericin) and phloroglucinols (e.g., hyperforin) have interesting pharmacological profiles, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, and antimicrobial activities. In addition, hyperforin stimulates growth and differentiation of keratinocytes, and hypericin is a photosensitizer which can be used for selective treatment of nonmelanoma skin cancer. However, clinical research in this field is still scarce. Recently, sporadic trials have been conducted in wound healing, atopic dermatitis, psoriasis, and herpes simplex infections, partly with purified single constituents and modern dermatological formulations. St. John's wort also has a potential for use in medical skin care. Composition and stability of pharmaceutical formulations vary greatly depending on origin of the plant material, production method, lipophilicity of solvents, and storage conditions, and this must be regarded with respect to practical as well as scientific purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ute Wölfle
- Section skintegral, Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | | | - Christoph M Schempp
- Section skintegral, Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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Wölfle U, Haarhaus B, Schempp CM. The photoprotective and antioxidative properties of luteolin are synergistically augmented by tocopherol and ubiquinone. Planta Med 2013; 79:963-965. [PMID: 23839819 DOI: 10.1055/s-0032-1328716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Ultraviolet radiation induces DNA damage and oxidative stress which can result in skin inflammation, photoaging, and photocarcinogenesis. The flavonoid luteolin that is present in high amounts in the dyers weld, Reseda luteola, is one of the most potent antioxidative plant metabolites and also has ultraviolet-absorbing properties.The aim of this study was to determine whether tocopherol and ubiquinone add synergistic antioxidative values to luteolin. None of the substances showed cytotoxic effects in concentrations from 0.25 to 4 µg/mL. The photoprotective and antioxidant effect of equivalent concentrations of luteolin, tocopherol, and ubiquinone and their combination in a ratio of 4 : 4 : 1 were studied in solar simulator irradiated human skin fibroblasts. Luteolin had a half-maximal radical scavenging concentration of 2 µg/mL, whereas tocopherol and ubiquinone were only effective at higher concentrations. None of the substances showed a phototoxic effect, and only luteolin had a moderate photoprotective effect at 2 µg/mL. The combination of luteolin, tocopherol, and ubiquinone exerted a synergistic radical scavenging effect already at a concentration of 0.25 µg/mL and a complete photoprotection at 2 µg/mL.In summary, our findings suggest that the potent antioxidant and photoprotective effect of flavonoids like luteolin may be further increased by the addition of low concentrations of other antioxidants such as tocopherol and ubiquinone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ute Wölfle
- Section skintegral, Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
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20
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Wölfle U, Heinemann A, Esser PR, Haarhaus B, Martin SF, Schempp CM. Luteolin prevents solar radiation-induced matrix metalloproteinase-1 activation in human fibroblasts: a role for p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase and interleukin-20 released from keratinocytes. Rejuvenation Res 2012; 15:466-75. [PMID: 23004935 DOI: 10.1089/rej.2011.1309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Human skin is continuously exposed to solar radiation, which can result in photoaging, a process involving both dermal and, to a lesser extent, epidermal structures. Previously, we have shown that the flavonoid luteolin protects the epidermis from ultraviolet (UV)-induced damage by a combination of UV-absorbing, antioxidant, and antiinflammatory properties. The aim of the present study was to determine direct and indirect effects of luteolin on dermal fibroblasts as major targets of photoaging. Stimulation of fibroblasts with UVA light or the proinflammatory cytokine interleukin-20 (IL-20) is associated with wrinkled skin, increased IL-6 secretion, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP-1) expression, and hyaluronidase activity. All of these targets were inhibited by luteolin via interference with the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway. Next, we assessed the role of conditioned supernatants from keratinocytes irradiated with solar-simulated radiation (SSR) on nonirradiated dermal fibroblasts. In keratinocytes, luteolin inhibited SSR-induced production of IL-20, also via interference with the p38 MAPK pathway. Similarly, keratinocyte supernatant-induced IL-6 and MMP-1 expression in fibroblasts was reduced by pretreatment of keratinocytes with luteolin. Finally, these results were confirmed ex vivo on skin explants treated with luteolin before UV irradiation. Our results suggest that SSR-mediated production of soluble factors in keratinocytes is modulated by luteolin and may attenuate photoaging in dermal fibroblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ute Wölfle
- Competence Center skintegral, Department of Dermatology, University Freiburg Medical Center, Germany.
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21
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Oswald E, Sesarman A, Franzke CW, Wölfle U, Bruckner-Tuderman L, Jakob T, Martin SF, Sitaru C. The flavonoid luteolin inhibits Fcγ-dependent respiratory burst in granulocytes, but not skin blistering in a new model of pemphigoid in adult mice. PLoS One 2012; 7:e31066. [PMID: 22328927 PMCID: PMC3273480 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0031066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2011] [Accepted: 01/01/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Bullous pemphigoid is an autoimmune blistering skin disease associated with autoantibodies against the dermal-epidermal junction. Passive transfer of antibodies against BP180/collagen (C) XVII, a major hemidesmosomal pemphigoid antigen, into neonatal mice results in dermal-epidermal separation upon applying gentle pressure to their skin, but not in spontaneous skin blistering. In addition, this neonatal mouse model precludes treatment and observation of diseased animals beyond 2-3 days. Therefore, in the present study we have developed a new disease model in mice reproducing the spontaneous blistering and the chronic course characteristic of the human condition. Adult mice were pre-immunized with rabbit IgG followed by injection of BP180/CXVII rabbit IgG. Mice pre-immunized against rabbit IgG and injected 6 times every second day with the BP180/CXVII-specific antibodies (n = 35) developed spontaneous sustained blistering of the skin, while mice pre-immunized and then treated with normal rabbit IgG (n = 5) did not. Blistering was associated with IgG and complement C3 deposits at the epidermal basement membrane and recruitment of inflammatory cells, and was partly dependent on Ly-6G-positive cells. We further used this new experimental model to investigate the therapeutic potential of luteolin, a plant flavonoid with potent anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative properties and good safety profile, in experimental BP. Luteolin inhibited the Fcγ-dependent respiratory burst in immune complex-stimulated granulocytes and the autoantibody-induced dermal-epidermal separation in skin cryosections, but was not effective in suppressing the skin blistering in vivo. These studies establish a robust animal model that will be a useful tool for dissecting the mechanisms of blister formation and will facilitate the development of more effective therapeutic strategies for managing pemphigoid diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Oswald
- Allergy Research Group, Department of Dermatology, University Freiburg Medical Center, Freiburg, Germany
- Molecular Dermatology, Department of Dermatology, University Freiburg Medical Center, Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Alina Sesarman
- Molecular Dermatology, Department of Dermatology, University Freiburg Medical Center, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Claus-Werner Franzke
- Molecular Dermatology, Department of Dermatology, University Freiburg Medical Center, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ute Wölfle
- Competence Centre Skintegral, Department of Dermatology, University Freiburg Medical Center, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Leena Bruckner-Tuderman
- Molecular Dermatology, Department of Dermatology, University Freiburg Medical Center, Freiburg, Germany
- BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, Freiburg, Germany
- Freiburg Institute for Advanced Studies, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Thilo Jakob
- Allergy Research Group, Department of Dermatology, University Freiburg Medical Center, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Stefan F. Martin
- Allergy Research Group, Department of Dermatology, University Freiburg Medical Center, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Cassian Sitaru
- Molecular Dermatology, Department of Dermatology, University Freiburg Medical Center, Freiburg, Germany
- BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, Freiburg, Germany
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Esser PR, Wölfle U, Dürr C, von Loewenich FD, Schempp CM, Freudenberg MA, Jakob T, Martin SF. Contact sensitizers induce skin inflammation via ROS production and hyaluronic acid degradation. PLoS One 2012; 7:e41340. [PMID: 22848468 PMCID: PMC3405137 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0041340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2012] [Accepted: 06/20/2012] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) represents a severe health problem with increasing worldwide prevalence. It is a T cell-mediated skin disease induced by protein-reactive organic and inorganic chemicals. A key feature of contact allergens is their ability to trigger an innate immune response that leads to skin inflammation. Previous evidence from the mouse contact hypersensitivity (CHS) model suggests a role for endogenous activators of innate immune signaling. Here, we analyzed the role of contact sensitizer induced ROS production and concomitant changes in hyaluronic acid metabolism on CHS responses. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS We analyzed in vitro and in vivo ROS production using fluorescent ROS detection reagents. HA fragmentation was determined by gel electrophoresis. The influence of blocking ROS production and HA degradation by antioxidants, hyaluronidase-inhibitor or p38 MAPK inhibitor was analyzed in the murine CHS model. Here, we demonstrate that organic contact sensitizers induce production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and a concomitant breakdown of the extracellular matrix (ECM) component hyaluronic acid (HA) to pro-inflammatory low molecular weight fragments in the skin. Importantly, inhibition of either ROS-mediated or enzymatic HA breakdown prevents sensitization as well as elicitation of CHS. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE These data identify an indirect mechanism of contact sensitizer induced innate inflammatory signaling involving the breakdown of the ECM and generation of endogenous danger signals. Our findings suggest a beneficial role for anti-oxidants and hyaluronidase inhibitors in prevention and treatment of ACD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp R. Esser
- Allergy Research Group, Medical Center, University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- * E-mail: (PRE); (SFM)
| | - Ute Wölfle
- Department of Dermatology, Competence Center Skintegral, Medical Center, University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Dürr
- Department of Haematology and Oncology, Medical Center, University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | | | - Christoph M. Schempp
- Department of Dermatology, Competence Center Skintegral, Medical Center, University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | | | - Thilo Jakob
- Allergy Research Group, Medical Center, University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Stefan F. Martin
- Allergy Research Group, Medical Center, University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- * E-mail: (PRE); (SFM)
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23
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Casetti F, Wölfle U, Gehring W, Schempp CM. Dermocosmetics for dry skin: a new role for botanical extracts. Skin Pharmacol Physiol 2011; 24:289-93. [PMID: 21709432 DOI: 10.1159/000329214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2011] [Accepted: 05/10/2011] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Dry skin is associated with a disturbed skin barrier and reduced formation of epidermal proteins and lipids. During recent years, skin-barrier-reinforcing properties of some botanical compounds have been described. Searching the PubMed database revealed 9 botanical extracts that specifically improve skin barrier and/or promote keratinocyte differentiation in vivo after topical application. The topical application of Aloe vera (leaf gel), Betula alba (birch bark extract), Helianthus annuus (sunflower oleodistillate), Hypericum perforatum (St. John's wort extract), Lithospermum erythrorhizon (root extract), Piptadenia colubrina (angico-branco extract) and Simarouba amara (bitter wood extract) increased skin hydration, reduced the transepidermal water loss, or promoted keratinocyte differentiation in humans in vivo. The topical application of Rubia cordifolia root extract and rose oil obtained from Rosa spp. flowers stimulated keratinocyte differentiation in mouse models. The underlying mechanisms of these effects are discussed. It is concluded that some botanical compounds display skin-barrier-reinforcing properties that may be used in dermocosmetics for dry skin. However, more investigations on the mode of action and more vehicle-controlled studies are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Casetti
- Competence Center skintegral, Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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24
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Wölfle U, Esser PR, Simon-Haarhaus B, Martin SF, Lademann J, Schempp CM. UVB-induced DNA damage, generation of reactive oxygen species, and inflammation are effectively attenuated by the flavonoid luteolin in vitro and in vivo. Free Radic Biol Med 2011; 50:1081-93. [PMID: 21281711 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2011.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2010] [Revised: 01/17/2011] [Accepted: 01/21/2011] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Ultraviolet (UV) radiation induces DNA damage, oxidative stress, and inflammatory processes in human keratinocytes resulting in skin inflammation, photoaging, and photocarcinogenesis. The flavonoid luteolin is one of the most potent antioxidative plant polyphenols. We investigated the UV protective and antioxidant properties of luteolin in human keratinocytes in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo. Spectrophotometric measurements revealed extinction maxima of luteolin in the UVB and UVA range. UV transmission below 370 nm was <10%. In human skin, luteolin effectively reduced the formation of UVB-induced cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers. The free radical scavenging activity of luteolin was assessed in various cell-free and cell-based assays. In the cell-free DPPH assay the half-maximal effective concentration (EC₅₀) of luteolin (12 μg/ml) was comparable to those of Trolox (25 μg/ml) and N-acetylcysteine (32 μg/ml). In contrast, in the H₂DCFDA assay performed with UVB-irradiated keratinocytes, luteolin (EC₅₀ 3 μg/ml) was much more effective compared to Trolox (EC₅₀ 12 μg/ml) and N-acetylcysteine (EC₅₀ 847 μg/ml). Luteolin also inhibited both UVB-induced skin erythema and the upregulation of cyclooxygenase-2 and prostaglandin E₂ production in human skin via interference with the MAPK pathway. These data suggest that luteolin may protect human skin from UVB-induced damage by a combination of UV-absorbing, DNA-protective, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ute Wölfle
- Competence Center skintegral, Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Freiburg, D-79102 Freiburg, Germany.
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25
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Reuter J, Wölfle U, Korting HC, Schempp C. Which plant for which skin disease? Part 2: Dermatophytes, chronic venous insufficiency, photoprotection, actinic keratoses, vitiligo, hair loss, cosmetic indications. J Dtsch Dermatol Ges 2011; 8:866-73. [PMID: 20707877 DOI: 10.1111/j.1610-0387.2010.07472.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This paper continues our review of scientifically evaluated plant extracts in dermatology. After plants effective against dermatophytes, botanicals with anti-edema effects in chronic venous insufficiency are discussed. There is good evidence from randomized clinical studies that plant extracts from grape vine leaves (Vitis vinifera), horse chestnut (Aesculus hippocastanum), sea pine (Pinus maritima) and butcher's broom (Ruscus aculeatus) can reduce edema in chronic venous insufficiency. Plant extracts from witch hazel (Hamamelis virginiana), green tea (Camellia sinensis), the fern Polypodium leucotomos and others contain antioxidant polyphenolic compounds that may protect the skin from sunburn and photoaging when administered topically or systemically. Extracts from the garden spurge (Euphorbia peplus) and from birch bark (Betula alba) have been shown to be effective in the treatment of actinic keratoses in phase II studies. Some plant extracts have also been investigated in the treatment of vitiligo, various forms of hair loss and pigmentation disorders, and in aesthetic dermatology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliane Reuter
- Competence Center skintegral®, Department of Dermatology, University of Freiburg, Germany
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Reuter J, Wölfle U, Korting HC, Schempp C. Welche Pflanze für welche Hauterkrankung? Teil 2: Dermatophyten, chronisch-venöse Insuffizienz, Photoprotektion, aktinische Keratosen, Vitiligo, Haarausfall, kosmetische Indikationen. J Dtsch Dermatol Ges 2010. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1610-0387.2010.07472_supp.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Reuter J, Wölfle U, Weckesser S, Schempp C. Welche Pflanze für welche Hauterkrankung? Teil 1: Atopische Dermatitis, Psoriasis, Akne, Kondylome und Herpes simplex. J Dtsch Dermatol Ges 2010. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1610-0387.2010.07496_supp.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Reuter J, Wölfle U, Weckesser S, Schempp C. Which plant for which skin disease? Part 1: Atopic dermatitis, psoriasis, acne, condyloma and herpes simplex. J Dtsch Dermatol Ges 2010; 8:788-96. [PMID: 20707875 DOI: 10.1111/j.1610-0387.2010.07496.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Plant extracts and isolated compounds are increasingly used in cosmetics and food supplements to improve skin conditions. We first introduce the positive plant monographs with dermatological relevance of the former German Commission E. Subsequently clinical studies with botanicals for atopic dermatitis, psoriasis, acne, condylomata acuminata and herpes simplex are discussed. The best studies have been conducted with atopic dermatitis and psoriasis patients. Mahonia aquifolium, Hypericum perforatum, Glycyrrhiza glabra and certain traditional Chinese therapies have been shown to be effective in the treatment of atopic dermatitis. Mahonia aquifolium, Indigo naturalis and Capsicum frutescens are effective treatments for psoriasis. Green tea extract and tea tree oil have been investigated in the treatment of acne. Podophyllin and green tea extract are effective treatments for condylomata acuminata. Balm mint and a combination of sage and rhubarb have been shown to be effective in the treatment of herpes simplex in proof of concept studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliane Reuter
- Competence Center skintegral®, Department of Dermatology, University of Freiburg, Germany
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Abstract
The present review highlights the development of the integument and its adnexa from the primitive metazoans to man. The different stages of development represent independent, partially convergent evolutions rather than a continuous evolutionary line. The epidermis of the invertebrates (sponges, cnidaria, worms, echinoderms and arthropods) always consists of one layer of pluripotent cells. The barrier function of the integument at this level is achieved with physico-chemical barriers, toxin production, fortification of the epidermis in the form of a cuticula, a syncytium or a neodermis. The lower vertebrates (cyclostoma, fishes and amphibians) have a stratified epidermis harboring many secretory cells. In terrestrial amphibians the outermost cell layer of the epidermis is cornified, and the secretory cells are relocated in the dermis. Terminal differentiation and cornification of the epidermis in the birds and mammals result in a more uniform shape of the epithelium. Stem cells are now restricted to some basal regions of the epithelium. In the mammals the glands are located in the deeper layers of the skin. In contrast to other vertebrate integuments the human skin does not possess specialized structures such as feathers, scales or coats. However, waiving specialization allows for unique universality of the human skin compared to other vertebrates.
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Casetti F, Jung W, Wölfle U, Reuter J, Neumann K, Gilb B, Wähling A, Wagner S, Merfort I, Schempp C. Topical application of solubilized Reseda luteola extract reduces ultraviolet B-induced inflammation in vivo. Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B: Biology 2009; 96:260-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2009.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2009] [Revised: 06/16/2009] [Accepted: 07/02/2009] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Abstract
The present review highlights the evolution of the skin-associated immune system from the invertebrates to the vertebrates and man. In the invertebrates a non-specific humoral immune response dominates. It includes antimicrobial peptides, oxidases, lysozyme, agglutinins, coagulins and melanin. The cellular immune system initially consists of undifferentiated mesenchymal stem cells. Later migrating phagocytes and natural killer cells occur. From the fishes on, dendritic cells are present, linking innate and adaptive immune responses. In addition to this unspecific but highly effective immune system, the specific immune response, based on genetic recombination, is present in the vertebrates starting with the chondral fishes. The adaptive immune system possesses unlimited numbers of highly specific antibodies and T-cell receptors, increasingly tissue specific MHC restriction, and cellular memory. Elements of the skin-associated adaptive immune system are first detectable in the teleost fishes in the form of intraepithelial IgM positive lymphocytes and dendritic cells. Moving up to mammals and man, the skin-associated immune system became more and more complex and effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ute Wölfle
- Competence Center skintegral, Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Freiburg, Germany
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Abstract
Luteolin is a flavonoid which is part of our daily nutrition in relatively low amounts (less than 1 mg/day). Nevertheless, some epidemiological studies suggest an inverse correlation between luteolin intake and the risk of some cancer types. Luteolin displays specific anti-inflammatory and anti-carcinogenic effects, which can only partly be explained by its anti-oxidant and free radical scavenging capacities. Luteolin can delay or block the development of cancer cells in vitro and in vivo by protection from carcinogenic stimuli, by inhibition of tumor cell proliferation, by induction of cell cycle arrest and by induction of apoptosis via intrinsic and extrinsic signaling pathways. When compared to other flavonoids, luteolin was usually among the most effective ones, inhibiting tumor cell proliferation with IC(50) values between 3 and 50 microM in vitro and in vivo by 5 to 10 mg/kg i.p., intragastric application of 0.1-0.3 mg/kg/d, or as food additive in concentrations of 50 to 200 ppm. Luteolin has been shown to penetrate into human skin, making it also a candidate for the prevention and treatment of skin cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Irmgard Merfort
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutical Biology and Biotechnology, University of Freiburg, Germany; E-mail:
| | - Ute Wölfle
- Competence center skintegral, Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Freiburg, Germany; E-mail:
| | - Christoph M. Schempp
- Competence center skintegral, Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Freiburg, Germany; E-mail:
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Zafrakas M, Tarlatzis B, Streichert T, Pournaropoulos F, Wölfle U, Smeets S, Wittek B, Grimbizis G, Brakenhoff R, Pantel K, Bontis J, Günes C. Genome-wide microarray gene expression, array-CGH analysis, and telomerase activity in advanced ovarian endometriosis: A high degree of differentiation rather than malignant potential. Int J Mol Med 2008. [DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.21.3.335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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Zafrakas M, Tarlatzis BC, Streichert T, Pournaropoulos F, Wölfle U, Smeets SJ, Wittek B, Grimbizis G, Brakenhoff RH, Pantel K, Bontis J, Günes C. Genome-wide microarray gene expression, array-CGH analysis, and telomerase activity in advanced ovarian endometriosis: a high degree of differentiation rather than malignant potential. Int J Mol Med 2008; 21:335-344. [PMID: 18288381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate whether endometriosis and cancer share common molecular characteristics. Tissue samples were collected prospectively during diagnostic laparoscopy of patients with primary infertility. Using high-density oligonucleotide microarrays, (Affymetrix Gene Chip HG-U133 Set) the genome-wide gene expression profile of advanced ovarian endometriosis was analyzed compared with matched normal endometrium. Expression of TERT, the gene encoding the telomerase reverse transcriptase subunit, and telomerase activity were analyzed in eutopic and ectopic endometrium. Genome-wide, high-resolution array-CGH was used to screen for genomic aberrations in endometriosis. Expression microarray data were validated quantitatively with RT-PCR. The genes RARRES1 and RARRES2 (retinoic acid receptor responder 1 and 2) were found to be up-regulated in endometriosis, suggesting a high degree of differentiation. Consistently, down-regulated genes included those involved in the cell cycle, cell metabolism and homeostasis. Expression of TERT and telomerase activity were present in eutopic but absent in ectopic endometrium. Array-CGH revealed a normal genomic pattern without gross amplifications and deletions. In conclusion, these data suggest that advanced ovarian endometriosis represents a highly differentiated tissue with minimal or no malignant potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Menelaos Zafrakas
- Heinrich-Pette-Institute for Experimental Virology and Immunology, University of Hamburg, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
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Abstract
Hematogenous distant metastasis is the leading cause of cancer-related death in breast cancer and other solid tumors. By applying sensitive immunocytochemical or molecular assays, disseminated tumor cells (DTCs) in bone marrow can be detected in 20–40% of breast cancer patients without any clinical or even histopathological signs of metastasis. The detection of DTCs provides prognostic information and might help to identify patients who need adjuvant therapy, and to monitor the efficacy of adjuvant therapy. Within the last few years, various efforts have led to an increased sensitivity in the detection of DTC. This review will summarize the most important methods for DTC detection in bone marrow and for circulating tumor cells in the blood of breast cancer patients, the clinical relevance of DTCs and, finally, provide an outlook on clinical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ute Wölfle
- University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Institute of Tumor Biology, Martinistr 52, D-20246 Hamburg, Germany.
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Pantel K, Wölfle U. [Minimal residual disease in breast cancer: detection and clinical relevance]. Verh Dtsch Ges Pathol 2005; 89:68-75. [PMID: 18035675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Hematogenous distant metastasis is the leading cause of cancer-related death in breast cancer and other solid tumours. By applying sensitive immunocytochemical and molecular assays disseminated tumour cells (DTC) in bone marrow (BM) can be detected in 20-40% of cancer patients without any clinical or even histopathological signs of metastasis. The detection and characterisation of DTC in BM may lead to a better understanding of the biology initiating metastatic spread in cancer patients and will eventually contribute to the development of more effective strategies to eliminate DTC. In this review, we will therefore discuss the detection, characterisation and clinical relevance of DTC.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Pantel
- Institut für Tumorbiologie, Zentrum für Experimentelle Medizin Hamburg-Eppendorf, Deutschland.
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