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Manchak SM, Warner JJ, Farringer AJ, Pate S, Anderson VR. Interpersonal process features of collaboration between probation and behavioral health practitioners. Psychol Serv 2023:2024-22274-001. [PMID: 37917473 DOI: 10.1037/ser0000813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
This study sought to identify and conceptualize the central interpersonal process features that comprise good collaboration between behavioral health practitioners (BHPs) and probation officers (POs). Eighteen POs and 21 BHPs from geographically adjacent jurisdictions in a Midwestern state each participated in one of six focus groups. Researchers systematically coded focus group transcripts for interpersonal collaborative themes using both inductive and deductive strategies. Seven core themes-shared values and beliefs, communication and information sharing, knowledge of the other, trust, respect, team-based decision making, and equitable contribution-were identified and coded for importance, as indexed by frequency, latent tone, and group consensus. An initial working operational definition of these constructs, based on practitioners' dialogue, is also provided. This study is one of the first to provide BHPs and POs who work with justice-involved people with prescriptive guidance about interpersonal actions and approaches that will best serve their professional collaborative efforts. Future research should examine whether these constructs hold across other samples and contexts and work to fully operationalize and measure these constructs and their importance for affecting various outcomes. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Symone Pate
- School of Criminal Justice, University of Cincinnati
| | - Valerie R Anderson
- Department of Criminology and Criminal Justice, University of Missouri, St. Lewis
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2
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Anderson VR, Javdani S, Singh S. Persistent Paternalism: The Instantiation of Gendered Attributions in the System Response to Girls. Crim Justice Behav 2023; 50:666-687. [PMID: 37377768 PMCID: PMC10299744 DOI: 10.1177/00938548231152184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Prior research suggests that the juvenile legal system does too little to address the sources and underlying reasons for girls' court referrals. Drawing on attribution theories, the current study examined perspectives that characterize the response of the system to girls' behaviors. Data from this study were derived from a multimethod, qualitative study on system-involved girls. We find that court actors hold gendered attributions of girls' delinquency, in turn informing their decision-making about how to treat and sanction girls. Paternalism remains a persistent feature in how the system locates, defines, and responds to girls through varying gendered attributions. The findings lend further support to attribution perspectives that suggest implicit gender-biases influence court actor decision-making, exacerbating the challenges girls face in and out of the juvenile legal system. By extension, this study offers concrete policy and practice implications for systems change and improving its response to girls.
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Starcher DL, Anderson VR, Kulig TC, Sullivan CJ. Human Trafficking Cases Presenting within Child Advocacy Centers. J Child Sex Abus 2021; 30:637-652. [PMID: 34314659 DOI: 10.1080/10538712.2021.1955791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Although human trafficking of minors is an increasing concern within the United States, very little information is known about how trafficking cases are processed within child advocacy centers (CACs). The current study addresses this gap in the literature by providing descriptive information about victims, service referrals, and prosecutorial outcomes for human trafficking cases presenting at CACs across a Midwestern state. The data originates from a state-wide study focused on understanding the scope of human trafficking cases. Specifically, the dataset includes 210 youth presenting at CACs over a three-year period of time. In this sample, the typical human trafficking case involved sex trafficking of a self-identified white female victim, with an offender known to the victim. Most child survivors passing through CACs were referred to medical and mental health services, although these service referrals did not greatly differ across at-risk versus substantiated trafficking cases. Overall, the findings suggest that CACs are uniquely positioned to encounter human trafficking cases and provide needed services to trafficking survivors. Finally, recommendations are provided for CACs regarding the intake and identification of trafficking cases more broadly.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Teresa C Kulig
- School of Criminal Justice, University of Nebraska at Omaha, Omaha, USA
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Anderson VR, Rubino LL, McKenna NC. Family-based Intervention for Legal System-involved Girls: A Mixed Methods Evaluation. Am J Community Psychol 2021; 67:35-49. [PMID: 33150983 DOI: 10.1002/ajcp.12475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The increased proportion of juvenile court-involved girls has spurred interest to implement and evaluate services to reduce girls' system involvement. The purpose of this study was to examine the effectiveness of a family-based intervention by using a dominant sequential mixed methods evaluation approach. First, we examined quantitative data using a quasi-experimental design to determine whether the family-based intervention reduced recidivism among court-involved girls. Propensity score matching (PSM) was used to construct statistically equivalent groups to compare one-year recidivism outcomes for girls who received the court-run family-based intervention (n = 181) to a group of girls on probation who did not receive the intervention (n = 803). Qualitative interviews (n = 39) were conducted to contextualize the quantitative findings and highlighted the circumstances that family-focused interventions for court-involved girls. Girls who received the program had slightly lower recidivism rates following the intervention. The qualitative findings contextualized the quasi-experimental results by providing an explanation as to the girls' family circumstances and insights into the mechanisms of the intervention. Results highlighted the importance of family-focused interventions for juvenile justice-involved girls. These findings have practical and policy implications for the use interventions-beyond the individual level-with adjudicated girls and offer suggestions for ways to improve their effectiveness using a community psychology lens. In addition, this paper includes a discussion of evaluating of juvenile court programming from a community psychology perspective including strengths, challenges, and considerations for future work in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerie R Anderson
- School of Criminal Justice, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Laura L Rubino
- School of Criminal Justice, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Nicole C McKenna
- School of Criminal Justice, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
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Kulig TC, Fissel ER, Anderson VR, Fisher BS. Victim or Prostitute? The Classification of Commercial Sex Events Involving Minors in the National Incident-Based Reporting System. Violence Vict 2020; 35:331-353. [PMID: 32606216 DOI: 10.1891/vv-d-19-00060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Sex trafficking is recognized as a national problem that inflicts serious harm on its victims, yet, legislative responses to trafficking vary depending on jurisdiction. Federal legislation considers youths who engage in commercial sex acts as trafficking victims. States, however, vary in the evidence required to prove a juvenile is a victim of sex trafficking, as opposed to an offender of prostitution. Using four years of data from the National Incident-Based Reporting System, we compared details of commercial sex incidents involving youths who were identified as trafficking victims or arrested as prostitutes. Beyond legislative differences, comparisons between cases are discussed to illuminate how state law enforcement officials legally classify these events involving adolescents (i.e., as victims or prostitutes). Further, we consider the policy implications of the findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa C Kulig
- School of Criminology and Criminal Justice, University of Nebraska at Omaha, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Erica R Fissel
- Department of Criminal Justice, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida
| | | | - Bonnie S Fisher
- School of Criminal Justice, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
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Granski M, Javdani S, Anderson VR, Caires R. A Meta-Analysis of Program Characteristics for Youth with Disruptive Behavior Problems: The Moderating Role of Program Format and Youth Gender. Am J Community Psychol 2020; 65:201-222. [PMID: 31449683 PMCID: PMC8796870 DOI: 10.1002/ajcp.12377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
There is high variability in efficacy for interventions for youth with disruptive behavior problems (DBP). Despite evidence of the unique correlates and critical consequences of girls' DBP, there is a dearth of research examining treatment efficacy for girls. This meta-analysis of 167 unique effect sizes from 29 studies (28,483 youth, 50% female; median age: 14) suggests that existing treatments have a medium positive effect on DBP (g = .33). For both boys and girls, the most effective interventions included (a) multimodal or group format, (b) cognitive skills or family systems interventions, and (c) length-intensive programs for (d) younger children. Boys demonstrated significantly greater treatment gains from group format interventions compared to girls, which is particularly important given that the group program format was the most prevalent format for boys and girls, with 14 studies involving 10,433 youth encompassing this category. This is the first meta-analysis to examine the effect of program characteristics in a sample of programs selected to be specifically inclusive of girls. Given that girls are underrepresented in intervention research on DBP, findings are discussed in terms of gender-responsive considerations and elucidating how key aspects of program structure can support more effective intervention outcomes for youth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan Granski
- Department of Applied Psychology, Steinhardt School of Culture, Education, and Human Development, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Shabnam Javdani
- Department of Applied Psychology, Steinhardt School of Culture, Education, and Human Development, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Roxane Caires
- Department of Applied Psychology, Steinhardt School of Culture, Education, and Human Development, New York University, New York, NY, USA
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Abstract
Objectives. To develop statewide estimates of known victims and individuals at risk of human trafficking in Ohio.Methods. We collected information from 12 state and local sources including child welfare, legal services, and law enforcement data. We collected the data from agency records dating 2013 to 2018. However, the majority of data were from calendar years 2014, 2015, and 2016 (roughly 95% across individual and aggregate sources). We used probabilistic matching to estimate victim and at-risk cases-accounting for duplicates.Results. According to available data, there were 1032 known victims during the study time frame. We identified approximately 4209 at-risk individuals based on youths presenting with common risk factors for trafficking victimization.Conclusions. Estimating the prevalence of human trafficking is an important public health research priority. As the first "cataloging" of existing record systems in Ohio to our knowledge, this study provided a comprehensive overview of the number of victims and the type of information that is available in the state. This study highlights the importance of moving toward the use of epidemiological approaches to measure the prevalence of human trafficking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerie R Anderson
- Valerie R. Anderson and Christopher J. Sullivan are with the School of Criminal Justice, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH. Teresa C. Kulig is with the School of Criminology and Criminal Justice, University of Nebraska at Omaha, Omaha, NE
| | - Teresa C Kulig
- Valerie R. Anderson and Christopher J. Sullivan are with the School of Criminal Justice, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH. Teresa C. Kulig is with the School of Criminology and Criminal Justice, University of Nebraska at Omaha, Omaha, NE
| | - Christopher J Sullivan
- Valerie R. Anderson and Christopher J. Sullivan are with the School of Criminal Justice, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH. Teresa C. Kulig is with the School of Criminology and Criminal Justice, University of Nebraska at Omaha, Omaha, NE
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White LM, Aalsma MC, Salyers MP, Hershberger AR, Anderson VR, Schwartz K, Dir AL, McGrew JH. Behavioral Health Service Utilization Among Detained Adolescents: A Meta-Analysis of Prevalence and Potential Moderators. J Adolesc Health 2019; 64:700-708. [PMID: 31122506 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2019.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2018] [Revised: 01/27/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Utilization of behavioral health treatment services among adolescents who have been detained or incarcerated within the juvenile justice system is poorly understood, with estimated utilization rates varying widely across studies. This meta-analysis was conducted to review and synthesize the literature on the prevalence of service utilization among this population. METHODS Data from 27 studies of 28 distinct samples were abstracted and coded. A meta-analysis was conducted to calculate individual prevalence estimates of behavioral health service utilization, which were combined using random effects models. A moderator analysis was also conducted. RESULTS Prevalence effect sizes (pr) for service utilization were low, with effect sizes pr = 33.1% for mental health services, pr = 27.95% for substance use-related services, and pr = 45.32% for unspecified services. The moderator analysis showed significant heterogeneity in prevalence of behavioral health service utilization. CONCLUSIONS The findings suggest limited service utilization by adolescents who had been detained or incarcerated, whether assessed before, during, or after confinement. Future research should focus on assessing the quality of, and youth access to, behavioral health services within and outside of juvenile justice facilities. Improved programs to ensure consistent treatment for previously detained or incarcerated adolescents are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura M White
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Matthew C Aalsma
- Adolescent Behavioral Health Research Program, Division of Adolescent Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indianapolis.
| | - Michelle P Salyers
- Department of Psychology, Purdue School of Science, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | | | | | - Katherine Schwartz
- Adolescent Behavioral Health Research Program, Division of Adolescent Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indianapolis
| | - Allyson L Dir
- Adolescent Behavioral Health Research Program, Division of Adolescent Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indianapolis
| | - John H McGrew
- Department of Psychology, Purdue School of Science, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana
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Papp J, Campbell CA, Anderson VR. Assessing the Incremental Validity of Andrews and Bonta's "Moderate Four" Predictors of Recidivism Using a Diverse Sample of Offending and Truant Youth. Int J Offender Ther Comp Criminol 2019; 63:854-873. [PMID: 30477365 DOI: 10.1177/0306624x18814185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Bonta and Andrews suggest that there are eight factors that predict recidivism among offenders, which they call the "Central Eight." They split up the Central Eight into the "Big Four" and the "Moderate Four," with the Big Four hypothesized to be more strongly associated with recidivism than the Moderate Four. The purpose of this study was to assess the incremental validity of the Moderate Four relative to the Big Four as they are measured on the Youth Level of Service/Case Management Inventory (YLS/CMI). The sample comprised 2,436 youth between the ages of 9 and 18 ( M = 14.34) in the formal probation and truancy division from a juvenile county court in the Midwest. Recidivism was measured as a new petition filed against a youth in court within 2 years of a youth's initial offense. Results indicated that the Moderate Four predictors provided no incremental validity beyond the Big Four but did not reduce the predictive validity of the YLS/CMI.
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Abstract
The proportion of girls involved in the juvenile justice system has steadily increased over the last few decades. Previous research has indicated that the presence of girls in the juvenile justice system is often linked to trauma and violence, and the subsequent criminalization of behaviors associated with traumatic experiences. The present study examined qualitative interview data from juvenile court officers (n = 24) in a mid-sized juvenile county court to review the types and extent of trauma experienced by girls and the connection of trauma to juvenile justice trajectories. A secondary goal of the study was to determine the current level of access to trauma-informed care for female youth and how equipped juvenile court are to manage and provide trauma-related services. Results indicated that girls experience high rates of family violence, neglect, emotional trauma, and sexual abuse. Juvenile court officers described how these events were often connected to their pathways into the justice system; however, there was less discussion of trauma-specific care for girls. These perceptions and explanations of traumatic events directly shape prevention, intervention, and policy responses by the justice system. This study raises concerns related to how researchers and practitioners can shift the focus from trauma as an individual-level deficit to an ecological understanding of trauma and the integration of trauma-informed practice in juvenile justice contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerie R Anderson
- a School of Criminal Justice , University of Cincinnati , Cincinnati , OH , USA
| | - Brinn M Walerych
- b School of Social Work , University of Michigan , Ann Arbor , MI , USA
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Anderson VR, Ouyang F, Tu W, Rosenman MB, Wiehe SE, Aalsma MC. Medicaid Coverage and Continuity for Juvenile Justice–Involved Youth. Journal of Correctional Health Care 2019; 25:45-54. [DOI: 10.1177/1078345818820043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Fangqian Ouyang
- Department of Biostatistics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Wanzhu Tu
- Department of Biostatistics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Marc B. Rosenman
- Department of Pediatrics, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Sarah E. Wiehe
- Children’s Health Services Research, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Matthew C. Aalsma
- Division of Adolescent Medicine, Adolescent Behavioral Health Research Program, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
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12
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Aalsma MC, Anderson VR, Schwartz K, Ouyang F, Tu W, Rosenman MB, Wiehe SE. Preventive Care Use Among Justice-Involved and Non-Justice-Involved Youth. Pediatrics 2017; 140:peds.2017-1107. [PMID: 28970371 PMCID: PMC5990959 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2017-1107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Youth involved in the juvenile justice system (ie, arrested youth) are at risk for health problems. Although increasing preventive care use by justice-involved youth (JIY) is 1 approach to improving their well-being, little is known about their access to and use of care. The objective of this study was to determine how rates of well-child (WC) and emergency department visits, as well as public insurance enrollment continuity, differed between youth involved in the justice system and youth who have never been in the system. We hypothesized that JIY would exhibit less frequent WC and more frequent emergency service use than non-justice-involved youth (NJIY). METHODS This was a retrospective cohort study of administrative medical and criminal records of all youth (ages 12-18) enrolled in Medicaid in Marion County, Indiana, between January 1, 2004, and December 31, 2011. RESULTS The sample included 88 647 youth; 20 668 (23%) were involved in the justice system. JIY had lower use rates of WC visits and higher use rates of emergency services in comparison with NJIY. JIY had more and longer gaps in Medicaid coverage compared with NJIY. For all youth sampled, both preventive and emergency services use varied significantly by Medicaid enrollment continuity. CONCLUSIONS JIY experience more and longer gaps in Medicaid coverage, and rely more on emergency services than NJIY. Medicaid enrollment continuity was associated with differences in WC and emergency service use among JIY, with policy implications for improving preventive care for these vulnerable youth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew C. Aalsma
- Section of Adolescent Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | | | - Katherine Schwartz
- Section of Adolescent Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Fangqian Ouyang
- Department of Biostatistics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Wanzhu Tu
- Department of Biostatistics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Marc B. Rosenman
- Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Sarah E. Wiehe
- Children’s Health Services Research, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis IN
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Kang I, Foster Page LA, Anderson VR, Thomson WM, Broadbent JM. Changes in students' perceptions of their dental education environment. Eur J Dent Educ 2015; 19:122-30. [PMID: 25041219 DOI: 10.1111/eje.12112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/19/2014] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To examine the 'Expected' and 'Actual' educational environment experienced by a cohort of Bachelor of Dental Surgery (BDS) students at the University of Otago's Faculty of Dentistry using the Dundee Ready Educational Environment Measure (DREEM). METHODS Cohort members were asked to complete five DREEM surveys over the four-year BDS programme. Student expectations at the beginning of their first year were assessed using a modified version of the DREEM questionnaire, while following (standard) DREEM questionnaires at the end of each professional year addressed students' 'Actual' perception of the educational environment. RESULTS Sixty-six students (99%) completed at least one questionnaire. Overall, the BDS students' perceptions of their educational environment tended to be positive and students identified both perceived strengths and weaknesses in the BDS programme. However, more negative than positive shifts were reported between the 'Expected' and 'Actual' individual DREEM individual items, suggesting that BDS students initially expected more from their educational environment than they actually experienced. Individual DREEM outcomes undergoing negative and positive shifts differed over the years and varied in number. These may be explained, in part, by changes in the curriculum focus from year to year. CONCLUSION The students' changing DREEM responses over time revealed anticipated and perceived strengths and weaknesses of the BDS curriculum, as well as shifts in students' perceptions in response to curricular changes. However, our findings highlight the potential usefulness for dental education of a measure for use that takes the unique aspects of the dental education environment into account.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Kang
- Faculty of Dentistry, Sir John Walsh Research Institute, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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Anderson VR, Rapana ST, Broughton JR, Seymour GJ, Rich AM. Preliminary findings from the Oranga Niho dental student outplacement project. N Z Dent J 2015; 111:6-14. [PMID: 25845056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To examine stakeholder perspectives of the Bachelor of Dental Surgery 2012-2013 clinical outplacement programme with Māori Oral Health Providers (MOHPs) and inform the programme's ongoing development. DESIGN A mixed methods kaupapa Māori action research project. SETTING Six North Island MOHPs and the University of Otago Faculty of Dentistry. PARTICIPANTS AND METHODS Online questionnaires were used to conduct a pre- and post-outplacement survey of dental students and a twice-yearly survey of all MOHP-based clinical supervisors. Paper questionnaires were used to survey adult clients and caregivers of child clients that the students treated. Data were analysed descriptively and thematically. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES 68 (61%) of the 112 eligible students completed the pre- and post-outplacement questionnaires; 31 clinical supervisor questionnaire responses were received representing all six MOHPs; and 426 client and 130 caregiver questionnaire responses were received from five MOHPs. RESULTS 79% of students felt well prepared for outplacement and 75% indicated that they would consider working for a MOHP in future. Of the clinical supervisors, 93% indicated that the students were adequately prepared for outplacement, and 68%, that they would recommend one or more students for employment. However, 58% associated the outplacements with decreased productivity. More than 97% of adult clients and caregivers of child clients were pleased with the care that the students provided. CONCLUSION Recommendations for strengthening the outplacement programme included: increasing communication between the Faculty, MOHPs and students; addressing the financial cost of the programme to the MOHPs; and providing more support for clinical supervisors.
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Foster PLA, Kang I, Anderson VR, Thomson WM, Meldrum AM, Moffat SM. Changes in Bachelor of Oral Health students' perceptions of their dental education environment. N Z Dent J 2013; 109:134-140. [PMID: 24396952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
This study used the Dundee Ready Educational Environment Measure (DREEM) to examine how a cohort of Bachelor of Oral Health (BOH) students at the University of Otago's Faculty of Dentistry perceived their educational environment. Four DREEM questionnaires were administered over the three-year programme; a modified version at the beginning of the first year asked students what they expected their year would be like, while questionnaires at the end of each subsequent year surveyed students on their actual experiences within the BOH programme. All four questionnaires were completed by 78% of students (N=31). Overall, the students' perceptions of their educational environment were more positive than negative, and they identified both strengths and weaknesses in the BOH programme. Both positive and negative shifts occurred between the 'Expected' and 'Actual' individual DREEM outcomes. The difference between students' 'Expected' and 'Actual' DREEM responses indicates, in some areas, that BOH students expected more from their educational environment than what they actually experienced. The changes in BOH students' perception of their educational environment over the three years can be explained, in part, by changes in the curriculum from year to year.
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Affiliation(s)
- Page L A Foster
- Department of Oral Rehabilitation Sir John Walsh Research Institute, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Otago.
| | - I Kang
- Sir John Walsh Research Institute, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Otago
| | | | - W M Thomson
- Department of Oral Sciences, Sir John Walsh Research Institute, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Otago
| | - A M Meldrum
- Department of Oral Sciences, Sir John Walsh Research Institute, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Otago
| | - S M Moffat
- Department of Oral Sciences, Sir John Walsh Research Institute, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Otago
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Tan AS, Anderson VR, Foster Page LA. Second and third year oral health and dental student perceptions of future professional work. Eur J Dent Educ 2013; 17:241-250. [PMID: 24127766 DOI: 10.1111/eje.12057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/10/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To explore and compare the ways dental and oral health students characterise their future professional work (FPW) at the end of their second and third professional years. MATERIALS AND METHODS Questionnaires were given to a cohort group of 48 dental students and 31 oral health students at the end of their second and third professional years at the University of Otago. Students' characterisations of their FPW were identified using an inductive approach, and the emphasis on each characterisation was confirmed using a 'weighted' table. RESULTS Dental student response rates were 92% (in 2010) and 85% (in 2011); and oral health student response rates were 100% (in 2011) and 97% (in 2011). Students characterised their FPW in ten broad ways: in reference to treatment-related concerns, patient-related concerns, oral health promotion, oral health education, disease prevention and monitoring, communication, teamwork, maintaining an ideal clinical environment, maintaining a sense of self and improving quality of life. In both years, dental students emphasised treatment-related concerns as central to their FPW and dealing with patient-related concerns as a primary source of difficulty. Oral health students emphasised oral health promotion, oral health education, disease prevention and monitoring and restorative tasks as central to their FPW and dealing with patient-related concerns as a primary source of difficulty. CONCLUSION Students' broad perceptions of their FPW changed little as they progressed through their programmes; however, their responses suggested the need for greater attention within their programmes to patient management and teamwork.
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Affiliation(s)
- A S Tan
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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Abstract
In previous qualitative research on Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS), researchers have focused on the experiences of patients with ME/CFS in tertiary care samples. This qualitative study examined the natural history of people with ME/CFS (n = 19) from a community-based sample. Findings highlighted multilayered themes involving the illness experience and the physical construction of ME/CFS. In addition, this study further illuminated unique subthemes regarding community response and treatment, which have implications for understanding the progression of ME/CFS as well as experiences of those within patient networks. There is a need for more longitudinal qualitative research on epidemiological samples of patients with ME/CFS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerie R Anderson
- a Department of Psychology , Michigan State University , East Lansing , Michigan , USA
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Abstract
Although much published school and higher education research have established a strong conceptual foundation for eliciting student feedback, this element is relatively poorly developed in dental education research. This paper examines 'student voice' as a conceptual/theoretical framework and justification for attending to students' perspectives in dental education. The aims of this review paper were: to explore the concept of student voice, including some pragmatic considerations and key critiques of listening to student feedback; to critically analyse key debates about the importance of a research focus on student perceptions using themes from the seminal and contemporary educational literature on student voice from the school, higher and dental educational sectors; to identify gaps in the dental education literature in relation to students' perceptions of their learning, and highlight some practical implications drawn from the 'student voice' literature for dental education; and to assist dental educational researchers in developing a strong rationale for listening to student voice in dental educational institutions. This paper is intended to assist dental educational researchers in justifying future research projects which require eliciting dental student feedback/perceptions.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Subramanian
- Department of Oral Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.
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Subramanian J, Anderson VR, Morgaine KC, Thomson WM. The importance of 'student voice' in dental education. Eur J Dent Educ 2013; 17:e136-e141. [PMID: 23279401 DOI: 10.1111/j.600-0579.2012.00773.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/27/2012] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Although much published school and higher education research have established a strong conceptual foundation for eliciting student feedback, this element is relatively poorly developed in dental education research. This paper examines 'student voice' as a conceptual/theoretical framework and justification for attending to students' perspectives in dental education. The aims of this review paper were: to explore the concept of student voice, including some pragmatic considerations and key critiques of listening to student feedback; to critically analyse key debates about the importance of a research focus on student perceptions using themes from the seminal and contemporary educational literature on student voice from the school, higher and dental educational sectors; to identify gaps in the dental education literature in relation to students' perceptions of their learning, and highlight some practical implications drawn from the 'student voice' literature for dental education; and to assist dental educational researchers in developing a strong rationale for listening to student voice in dental educational institutions. This paper is intended to assist dental educational researchers in justifying future research projects which require eliciting dental student feedback/perceptions.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Subramanian
- Department of Oral Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.
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Subramanian J, Anderson VR, Morgaine KC, Thomson WM. Effective and ineffective supervision in postgraduate dental education: a qualitative study. Eur J Dent Educ 2013; 17:e142-e150. [PMID: 23279402 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0579.2012.00774.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/11/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Research suggests that students' perceptions should be considered in any discussion of their education, but there has been no systematic examination of New Zealand postgraduate dental students' learning experiences. This study aimed to obtain in-depth qualitative insights into student and graduate perceptions of effective and ineffective learning in postgraduate dental education. METHODS Data were collected in 2010 using semi-structured individual interviews. Participants included final-year students and graduates of the University of Otago Doctor of Clinical Dentistry programme. Using the Critical Incident Technique, participants were asked to describe atleast one effective and one ineffective learning experience in detail. Interview transcripts were analysed using a general inductive approach. RESULTS Broad themes which emerged included supervisory approaches, characteristics of the learning process, and the physical learning environment. This paper considers students' and graduates' perceptions of postgraduate supervision in dentistry as it promotes or precludes effective learning. Effective learning was associated by participants with approachable and supportive supervisory practices, and technique demonstrations accompanied by explicit explanations. Ineffective learning was associated with minimal supervisor demonstrations and guidance (particularly when beginning postgraduate study), and aggressive, discriminatory and/or culturally insensitive supervisory approaches. CONCLUSION Participants' responses provided rich, in-depth insights into their reflections and understandings of effective and ineffective approaches to supervision as it influenced their learning in the clinical and research settings. These findings provide a starting point for the development of curriculum and supervisory practices, enhancement of supervisory and mentoring approaches, and the design of continuing education programmes for supervisors at an institutional level. Additionally, these findings might also stimulate topics for reflection and discussion amongst dental educators and administrators more broadly.
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Subramanian J, Anderson VR, Morgaine KC, Thomson WM. Improving the quality of educational strategies in postgraduate dental education using student and graduate feedback: findings from a qualitative study in New Zealand. Eur J Dent Educ 2013; 17:e151-e158. [PMID: 23279403 DOI: 10.1111/eje.12006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/28/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Research suggests that students' perceptions should be considered in any discussion of their education. However, to date, there has been no systematic examination of New Zealand postgraduate dental students' learning processes in both the research and clinical settings. This study aimed to obtain in-depth qualitative insights into student and graduate perspectives of effective and ineffective learning experiences during their postgraduate dental education. METHODS Data were collected in 2010 using semi-structured individual interviews. Participants included 2010 final-year students and 2009 graduates of the University of Otago Doctor of Clinical Dentistry programme. Using the Critical Incident Technique, participants were asked to describe at least one effective and one ineffective learning experience in detail. Interview transcripts were analysed using a general inductive approach. RESULTS Broad themes which emerged included supervisory approaches, characteristics of the learning process and characteristics of the physical learning environment. The focus of this article is to report and discuss the learning processes that participants identified as promoting and precluding effective learning experiences in the clinical and research settings. Students and graduates in the study had largely similar perspectives of learning processes likely to result in effective clinical and research learning. These included self-directed and collaborative learning; timely, constructive and detailed feedback with directions for further improvement; and discreet clinical feedback. Learning processes that precluded effective learning included unsupported and isolated learning, delayed and overly critical/destructive feedback and open criticism in the clinical context. CONCLUSION The in-depth findings of this study contribute to the scientific literature that identifies learning process characteristics which facilitate effective learning from New Zealand postgraduate students' and graduates' perspectives. Additional cross-sectional and longitudinal studies (both qualitative and quantitative) would lead to a better understanding of what constitutes effective teaching in postgraduate dental education.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Subramanian
- Department of Oral Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Sir John Walsh Research Institute, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.
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Anderson VR, Jason LA, Hlavaty LE, Porter N, Cudia J. A review and meta-synthesis of qualitative studies on myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome. Patient Educ Couns 2012; 86:147-55. [PMID: 21571484 PMCID: PMC3229648 DOI: 10.1016/j.pec.2011.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2010] [Revised: 03/11/2011] [Accepted: 04/09/2011] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To review and synthesize findings across qualitative studies on Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS). METHODS Articles were systematically reviewed and analyzed within a meta-analytic framework. Analyses included a multi-perspective examination of ME/CFS, as well as a comparative analysis of ME/CFS versus other chronic conditions. RESULTS Thirty-four qualitative studies on ME/CFS were included. Findings include three substantive thematic areas that focus on: (1) experiences of people with ME/CFS, (2) experiences of physicians, and (3) themes that intersect both of these groups. For patients, illness development influenced identity, reductions in functioning, and coping. Physician-specific themes described lack of awareness about ME/CFS and recommended improvement in educational resources. Intersecting themes expressed issues with diagnosis creating tensions and fueling the stigmatization of ME/CFS. CONCLUSIONS Findings indicate multilayered, context-specific experiences and ways in which both people with ME/CFS, as well as those involved in their lives (e.g., family or the medical community), interpret this illness. Future qualitative studies should recognize the various facets of the ME/CFS experience, the network members of people with ME/CFS, and the sociocultural environment through which the illness is understood. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS Health care professionals can gain unique insight from patient experiences, allowing for more accurate diagnoses and treatment recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerie R Anderson
- Department of Psychology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
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