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Calvo I, Montilla A, Huergo C, Martín-Saiz L, Martín-Allende J, Tepavcevic V, Domercq M, Fernández JA. Combining imaging mass spectrometry and immunohistochemistry to analyse the lipidome of spinal cord inflammation. Anal Bioanal Chem 2024; 416:1923-1933. [PMID: 38326664 PMCID: PMC10902057 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-024-05190-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Inflammation is a complex process that accompanies many pathologies. Actually, dysregulation of the inflammatory process is behind many autoimmune diseases. Thus, treatment of such pathologies may benefit from in-depth knowledge of the metabolic changes associated with inflammation. Here, we developed a strategy to characterize the lipid fingerprint of inflammation in a mouse model of spinal cord injury. Using lipid imaging mass spectrometry (LIMS), we scanned spinal cord sections from nine animals injected with lysophosphatidylcholine, a chemical model of demyelination. The lesions were demonstrated to be highly heterogeneous, and therefore, comparison with immunofluorescence experiments carried out in the same section scanned by LIMS was required to accurately identify the morphology of the lesion. Following this protocol, three main areas were defined: the lesion core, the peri-lesion, which is the front of the lesion and is rich in infiltrating cells, and the uninvolved tissue. Segmentation of the LIMS experiments allowed us to isolate the lipid fingerprint of each area in a precise way, as demonstrated by the analysis using classification models. A clear difference in lipid signature was observed between the lesion front and the epicentre, where the damage was maximized. This study is a first step to unravel the changes in the lipidome associated with inflammation in the context of diverse pathologies, such as multiple sclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibai Calvo
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Bº Sarriena s/n, 48940, Leioa, Spain
| | - Alejandro Montilla
- Achucarro Basque Center for Neurosciencie, Bº Sarriena s/n, 48940, Leioa, Spain
- Department Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Bº Sarriena s/n, 48940, Leioa, Spain
| | - Cristina Huergo
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Bº Sarriena s/n, 48940, Leioa, Spain
| | - Lucía Martín-Saiz
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Bº Sarriena s/n, 48940, Leioa, Spain
| | - Javier Martín-Allende
- Department of Languages and Computer Systems, School of Engineering, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Paseo Rafael Moreno "Pitxitxi", n. 2/3, 48013, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Vanja Tepavcevic
- Achucarro Basque Center for Neurosciencie, Bº Sarriena s/n, 48940, Leioa, Spain
| | - María Domercq
- Achucarro Basque Center for Neurosciencie, Bº Sarriena s/n, 48940, Leioa, Spain.
- Department Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Bº Sarriena s/n, 48940, Leioa, Spain.
| | - José A Fernández
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Bº Sarriena s/n, 48940, Leioa, Spain.
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2
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Bernal‐Chico A, Tepavcevic V, Manterola A, Utrilla C, Matute C, Mato S. Endocannabinoid signaling in brain diseases: Emerging relevance of glial cells. Glia 2023; 71:103-126. [PMID: 35353392 PMCID: PMC9790551 DOI: 10.1002/glia.24172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The discovery of cannabinoid receptors as the primary molecular targets of psychotropic cannabinoid Δ9 -tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9 -THC) in late 1980s paved the way for investigations on the effects of cannabis-based therapeutics in brain pathology. Ever since, a wealth of results obtained from studies on human tissue samples and animal models have highlighted a promising therapeutic potential of cannabinoids and endocannabinoids in a variety of neurological disorders. However, clinical success has been limited and major questions concerning endocannabinoid signaling need to be satisfactorily addressed, particularly with regard to their role as modulators of glial cells in neurodegenerative diseases. Indeed, recent studies have brought into the limelight diverse, often unexpected functions of astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and microglia in brain injury and disease, thus providing scientific basis for targeting glial cells to treat brain disorders. This Review summarizes the current knowledge on the molecular and cellular hallmarks of endocannabinoid signaling in glial cells and its clinical relevance in neurodegenerative and chronic inflammatory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Bernal‐Chico
- Department of NeurosciencesUniversity of the Basque Country UPV/EHULeioaSpain,Achucarro Basque Center for NeuroscienceLeioaSpain,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED)MadridSpain,Neuroimmunology UnitBiocruces BizkaiaBarakaldoSpain
| | | | - Andrea Manterola
- Department of NeurosciencesUniversity of the Basque Country UPV/EHULeioaSpain,Achucarro Basque Center for NeuroscienceLeioaSpain,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED)MadridSpain,Present address:
Parque Científico y Tecnológico de GuipuzkoaViralgenSan SebastianSpain
| | | | - Carlos Matute
- Department of NeurosciencesUniversity of the Basque Country UPV/EHULeioaSpain,Achucarro Basque Center for NeuroscienceLeioaSpain,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED)MadridSpain
| | - Susana Mato
- Department of NeurosciencesUniversity of the Basque Country UPV/EHULeioaSpain,Achucarro Basque Center for NeuroscienceLeioaSpain,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED)MadridSpain,Neuroimmunology UnitBiocruces BizkaiaBarakaldoSpain
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3
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Serrano‐Regal MP, Bayón‐Cordero L, Chara Ventura JC, Ochoa‐Bueno BI, Tepavcevic V, Matute C, Sánchez‐Gómez MV. GABA B receptor agonist baclofen promotes central nervous system remyelination. Glia 2022; 70:2426-2440. [PMID: 35980256 PMCID: PMC9804779 DOI: 10.1002/glia.24262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Promoting remyelination is considered as a potential neurorepair strategy to prevent/limit the development of permanent neurological disability in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). To this end, a number of clinical trials are investigating the potential of existing drugs to enhance oligodendrocyte progenitor cell (OPC) differentiation, a process that fails in chronic MS lesions. We previously reported that oligodendroglia express GABAB receptors (GABAB Rs) both in vitro and in vivo, and that GABAB R-mediated signaling enhances OPC differentiation and myelin protein expression in vitro. Our goal here was to evaluate the pro-remyelinating potential of GABAB R agonist baclofen (Bac), a clinically approved drug to treat spasticity in patients with MS. We first demonstrated that Bac increases myelin protein production in lysolecithin (LPC)-treated cerebellar slices. Importantly, Bac administration to adult mice following induction of demyelination by LPC injection in the spinal cord resulted in enhanced OPC differentiation and remyelination. Thus, our results suggest that Bac repurposing should be considered as a potential therapeutic strategy to stimulate remyelination in patients with MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mari Paz Serrano‐Regal
- Laboratory of NeurobiologyAchucarro Basque Center for NeuroscienceLeioaSpain,Department of NeurosciencesUniversity of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU)LeioaSpain,Present address:
Grupo de Neuroinmuno‐ReparaciónHospital Nacional de Parapléjicos‐SESCAMToledoSpain
| | - Laura Bayón‐Cordero
- Laboratory of NeurobiologyAchucarro Basque Center for NeuroscienceLeioaSpain,Department of NeurosciencesUniversity of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU)LeioaSpain,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED)LeioaSpain
| | - Juan Carlos Chara Ventura
- Laboratory of NeurobiologyAchucarro Basque Center for NeuroscienceLeioaSpain,Department of NeurosciencesUniversity of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU)LeioaSpain,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED)LeioaSpain
| | - Blanca I. Ochoa‐Bueno
- Laboratory of NeurobiologyAchucarro Basque Center for NeuroscienceLeioaSpain,Department of NeurosciencesUniversity of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU)LeioaSpain
| | - Vanja Tepavcevic
- Laboratory of NeurobiologyAchucarro Basque Center for NeuroscienceLeioaSpain
| | - Carlos Matute
- Laboratory of NeurobiologyAchucarro Basque Center for NeuroscienceLeioaSpain,Department of NeurosciencesUniversity of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU)LeioaSpain,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED)LeioaSpain
| | - María Victoria Sánchez‐Gómez
- Laboratory of NeurobiologyAchucarro Basque Center for NeuroscienceLeioaSpain,Department of NeurosciencesUniversity of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU)LeioaSpain,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED)LeioaSpain
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4
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Pourabdolhossein F, Gil-Perotín S, Garcia-Belda P, Dauphin A, Mozafari S, Tepavcevic V, Manuel Garcia Verdugo J, Baron-Van Evercooren A. Inflammatory demyelination induces ependymal modifications concomitant to activation of adult (SVZ) stem cell proliferation. Glia 2017; 65:756-772. [PMID: 28191668 DOI: 10.1002/glia.23124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2016] [Revised: 01/24/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Ependymal cells (E1/E2) and ciliated B1cells confer a unique pinwheel architecture to the ventricular surface of the subventricular zone (SVZ), and their cilia act as sensors to ventricular changes during development and aging. While several studies showed that forebrain demyelination reactivates the SVZ triggering proliferation, ectopic migration, and oligodendrogenesis for myelin repair, the potential role of ciliated cells in this process was not investigated. Using conventional and lateral wall whole mount preparation immunohistochemistry in addition to electron microscopy in a forebrain-targeted model of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (tEAE), we show an early decrease in numbers of pinwheels, B1 cells, and E2 cells. These changes were transient and simultaneous to tEAE-induced SVZ stem cell proliferation. The early drop in B1/E2 cell numbers was followed by B1/E2 cell recovery. While E1 cell division and ependymal ribbon disruption were never observed, E1 cells showed important morphological modifications reflected by their enlargement, extended cytoskeleton, and reinforced cell-cell junction complexes overtime, possibly reflecting protective mechanisms against ventricular insults. Finally, tEAE disrupted motile cilia planar cell polarity and cilia orientation in ependymal cells. Therefore, significant ventricular modifications in ciliated cells occur early in response to tEAE suggesting a role for these cells in SVZ stem cell signalling not only during development/aging but also during inflammatory demyelination. These observations may have major implications for understanding pathophysiology of and designing therapeutic approaches for inflammatory demyelinating diseases such as MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fereshteh Pourabdolhossein
- Sorbonne Universités UPMC Univ Paris 06, UM-75, ICM-GH Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, F-75013, France.,INSERM, U1127, Paris, F-75013, France.,CNRS, UMR 7225, Paris, F-75013, France.,Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Physiology Department, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Sara Gil-Perotín
- Multiple Sclerosis and Neural Regeneration Research Unit Instituto de Investigación and H.U.P. La Fe Avda. Fernando Abril Martorell, Valencia, 106 46026, Spain
| | - Paula Garcia-Belda
- Laboratory of Comparative Neurobiology, Department of Cell Biology, Instituto Cavanilles de Biodiversidad y Biologia Evolutiva, University of Valencia, CIBERNED, Paterna, Valencia, 46980, Spain
| | - Aurelien Dauphin
- Sorbonne Universités UPMC Univ Paris 06, UM-75, ICM-GH Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, F-75013, France.,INSERM, U1127, Paris, F-75013, France.,CNRS, UMR 7225, Paris, F-75013, France
| | - Sabah Mozafari
- Sorbonne Universités UPMC Univ Paris 06, UM-75, ICM-GH Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, F-75013, France.,INSERM, U1127, Paris, F-75013, France.,CNRS, UMR 7225, Paris, F-75013, France
| | - Vanja Tepavcevic
- Sorbonne Universités UPMC Univ Paris 06, UM-75, ICM-GH Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, F-75013, France.,INSERM, U1127, Paris, F-75013, France.,CNRS, UMR 7225, Paris, F-75013, France.,Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience and Departamento de Neurociencias, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad del Pais Vasco Barrio la Sarriena s/n 48940 Leioa, Spain
| | - Jose Manuel Garcia Verdugo
- Laboratory of Comparative Neurobiology, Department of Cell Biology, Instituto Cavanilles de Biodiversidad y Biologia Evolutiva, University of Valencia, CIBERNED, Paterna, Valencia, 46980, Spain
| | - Anne Baron-Van Evercooren
- Sorbonne Universités UPMC Univ Paris 06, UM-75, ICM-GH Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, F-75013, France.,INSERM, U1127, Paris, F-75013, France.,CNRS, UMR 7225, Paris, F-75013, France
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5
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Moll NM, Hong E, Fauveau M, Naruse M, Kerninon C, Tepavcevic V, Klopstein A, Seilhean D, Chew LJ, Gallo V, Nait Oumesmar B. SOX17 is expressed in regenerating oligodendrocytes in experimental models of demyelination and in multiple sclerosis. Glia 2013; 61:1659-72. [PMID: 23918253 DOI: 10.1002/glia.22547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2013] [Revised: 05/27/2013] [Accepted: 05/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
We have previously demonstrated that Sox17 expression is prominent at developmental stages corresponding to oligodendrocyte progenitor cell (OPC) cycle exit and onset of differentiation, and that Sox17 promotes initiation of OPC differentiation. In this study, we examined Sox17 expression and regulation under pathological conditions, particularly in two animal models of demyelination/remyelination and in post-mortem multiple sclerosis (MS) brain lesions. We found that the number of Sox17 expressing cells was significantly increased in lysolecithin (LPC)-induced lesions of the mouse spinal cord between 7 and 30 days post-injection, as compared with controls. Sox17 immunoreactivity was predominantly detected in Olig2(+) and CC1(+) oligodendrocytes and rarely in NG2(+) OPCs. The highest density of Sox17(+) oligodendrocytes was observed at 2 weeks after LPC injection, coinciding with OPC differentiation. Consistent with these findings, in cuprizone-treated mice, Sox17 expression was highest in newly generated and in maturing CC1(+) oligodendrocytes, but low in NG2(+) OPCs during the demyelination and remyelination phases. In MS tissue, Sox17 was primarily detected in actively demyelinating lesions and periplaque white matter. Sox17 immunoreactivity was co-localized with NOGO-A+ post-mitotic oligodendrocytes both in active MS lesions and periplaque white matter. Taken together, our data: (i) demonstrate that Sox17 expression is highest in newly generated oligodendrocytes under pathological conditions and could be used as a marker of oligodendrocyte regeneration, and (ii) are suggestive of Sox17 playing a critical role in oligodendrocyte differentiation and lesion repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- N M Moll
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U.975, Centre de Recherche de l'Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Épinière, Paris, France
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6
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Piaton G, Aigrot MS, Williams A, Moyon S, Tepavcevic V, Moutkine I, Gras J, Matho KS, Schmitt A, Soellner H, Huber AB, Ravassard P, Lubetzki C. Class 3 semaphorins influence oligodendrocyte precursor recruitment and remyelination in adult central nervous system. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 134:1156-67. [PMID: 21421691 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awr022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Oligodendrocyte precursor cells, which persist in the adult central nervous system, are the main source of central nervous system remyelinating cells. In multiple sclerosis, some demyelinated plaques exhibit an oligodendroglial depopulation, raising the hypothesis of impaired oligodendrocyte precursor cell recruitment. Developmental studies identified semaphorins 3A and 3F as repulsive and attractive guidance cues for oligodendrocyte precursor cells, respectively. We previously reported their increased expression in experimental demyelination and in multiple sclerosis. Here, we show that adult oligodendrocyte precursor cells, like their embryonic counterparts, express class 3 semaphorin receptors, neuropilins and plexins and that neuropilin expression increases after demyelination. Using gain and loss of function experiments in an adult murine demyelination model, we demonstrate that semaphorin 3A impairs oligodendrocyte precursor cell recruitment to the demyelinated area. In contrast, semaphorin 3F overexpression accelerates not only oligodendrocyte precursor cell recruitment, but also remyelination rate. These data open new avenues to understand remyelination failure and promote repair in multiple sclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabrièle Piaton
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Centre de Recherche de l'Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (CRICM), UMRS 975; Inserm U 975; CNRS, UMR 7225; Paris 75013, France
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7
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Diebold Y, Chen LL, Tepavcevic V, Ferdman D, Hodges RR, Dartt DA. Lymphocytic infiltration and goblet cell marker alteration in the conjunctiva of the MRL/MpJ-Fas(lpr) mouse model of Sjögren's syndrome. Exp Eye Res 2007; 84:500-12. [PMID: 17208228 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2006.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2006] [Revised: 10/30/2006] [Accepted: 10/31/2006] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Sjögren's syndrome is an autoimmune disorder characterized by a progressive, immune-mediated destruction of mucosal tissues such as the lacrimal and salivary glands, leading to ocular and oral dryness. The MRL/MpJ-Fas(lpr) mouse is one of the animal models used to study this disease. However, little is known about the potential alterations in the conjunctiva in this murine model. The purpose of this study was to determine: (1) whether the conjunctiva is infiltrated by T lymphocytes, (2) characterize the type, amount and temporal sequence of the inflammatory infiltrates, and (3) investigate whether the amount of conjunctival goblet cells is altered in this murine model of Sjögren's syndrome. Female 4-, 9-, 13-, 16-, and 18-/20-wk-old MRL/MpJ-Fas(lpr) (lpr, diseased) and congenic MRL/MpJ (+/+, control) mice were used. Right eyes were either fixed, frozen, cryosectioned, and studied by immunofluorescence microscopy or the conjunctiva was removed, homogenized and analyzed by electrophoresis and Western blot analysis. The following antibodies were used: anti-CD3 (specific T lymphocyte marker), anti-cytokeratin 7 (CK-7), anti-PKD (formerly known as PKCmu, both markers of goblet cell bodies), anti-PGP 9.5 (pan-neuronal marker), anti-VIP and TH (markers for parasympathetic and sympathetic nerves, respectively), anti-adrenergic (alpha(1) and beta(1-3)) and muscarinic (M(1)-M(3)) receptor subtypes (markers for neurotransmitter receptors of the sympathetic and parasympathetic pathways, respectively). Left eyes were fixed, embedded, sectioned, and stained. Hematoxylin/eosin, Giemsa, or alcian blue/periodic acid Schiff's reagent were used to study lymphocyte infiltration; to determine the presence of eosinophils, neutrophils, and mast cells; and to count the number of goblet cells, respectively. By immunofluorescence microscopy, lymphocytes were detected in the conjunctiva of 9-wk-old lpr, but not +/+, mice. The lymphocytic infiltration became more extensive as the animals aged, with 16- and 18-/20-wk lpr mice appearing to have a greater lymphocytic infiltration than +/+ mice at the same age. By Western blot analysis, the amount of CD3 was enhanced in lpr compared to +/+ mice by the 16th wk, but not by the 9th wk. No major differences in the presence of eosinophils, neutrophils and degranulated mast cells between lpr and +/+ mice were observed. By light microscopy, a significant increase in goblet cell number was found in lpr mice compared to +/+ mice at 16 wks on. By Western blotting, the amount of CK-7 was significantly increased at 9 wks on and the amount of PKD was significantly increased at 16 wks. By immunofluorescence microscopy, there were no major differences in distribution of sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves present in the lpr conjunctiva compared to that of +/+ mice at any ages, although slight differences were observed with increased age. Muscarinic receptor expression was decreased, as less M(3) receptor subtype-associated immunofluorescence was detected in older lpr mice compared to +/+ mice and confirmed by Western blot analysis. No differences in the localization or the amount of alpha(1)- or beta(1-3)-adrenergic receptor immunodetection were observed between lpr and +/+ mice. We conclude that the conjunctiva is a target tissue in Sjögren's syndrome-related inflammation in this murine model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yolanda Diebold
- Schepens Eye Research Institute-Harvard Medical School, 20 Staniford Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA
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8
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Ríos JD, Ferdman D, Tepavcevic V, Hodges R, Zoukhri D, Dartt DA. Role of Ca2+ and protein kinase C in cholinergic, and alpha1-adrenergic agonists and EGF stimulated mitogen-activated protein kinase activity in lacrimal gland. Adv Exp Med Biol 2003; 506:185-90. [PMID: 12613906 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4615-0717-8_24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- José D Ríos
- Schepens Eye Research Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Tepavcevic V, Hodges RR, Zoukhri D, Dartt DA. Signal transduction pathways used by EGF to stimulate protein secretion in rat lacrimal gland. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2003; 44:1075-81. [PMID: 12601032 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.02-0794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine the effects of epidermal growth factor (EGF) on lacrimal gland secretion of proteins and characterize its signal-transducing components. METHODS Both exorbital lacrimal glands were removed from male Sprague-Dawley rats. Dispersed acini were isolated by collagenase digestion in Krebs-Ringer bicarbonate (KRB) buffer at 37 degrees C. Acini were incubated with EGF (10(-7) M), the cholinergic agonist carbachol (10(-4) M), or the alpha(1)-adrenergic agonist phenylephrine (10(-4) M), and peroxidase secretion was measured by a fluorescence assay. To measure intracellular calcium ([Ca(2+)](i)), acini were incubated in fura-2 tetra-acetoxymethyl ester for 60 minutes at 22 degrees C, and fluorescence was measured at 340 and 380 nm with an emission wavelength of 505 nm. Extracellular Ca(2+) was chelated with KRB-BSA without CaCl(2) and with 2 mM EGTA before measurement of peroxidase secretion. Protein kinase C (PKC) was downregulated by incubating acini overnight, with or without the phorbol ester, phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA; 10(-6) M), and peroxidase secretion was measured. RESULTS EGF-stimulated peroxidase secretion in a concentration-dependent manner with a significant increase at 10(-7) M. EGF-stimulated secretion was inhibited by the EGF receptor (EGFR) inhibitor AG1478, but not by the phosphoinositide-3 kinase inhibitor LY292004 or the mitogen-activated kinase kinase (MEK) inhibitor U0126. EGF increased [Ca(2+)](i), whereas chelation of extracellular Ca(2+) inhibited EGF-induced peroxidase secretion by 90%. Downregulation of PKC also inhibited EGF-stimulated peroxidase secretion. CONCLUSIONS EGF stimulates lacrimal gland secretion of protein by activating the EGFR to increase [Ca(2+)](i) and activate PKC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanja Tepavcevic
- Schepens Eye Research Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
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10
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Ota I, Zoukhri D, Hodges RR, Rios JD, Tepavcevic V, Raddassi I, Chen LL, Dartt DA. Alpha 1-adrenergic and cholinergic agonists activate MAPK by separate mechanisms to inhibit secretion in lacrimal gland. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2003; 284:C168-78. [PMID: 12388118 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00151.2002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine the role of p42/p44 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) in alpha(1)-adrenergically and cholinergically stimulated protein secretion in rat lacrimal gland acinar cells and the pathways used by these agonists to activate MAPK. Acini were isolated by collagenase digestion and incubated with the alpha(1)-adrenergic agonist phenylephrine or the cholinergic agonist carbachol, and activation of MAPK and protein secretion were then measured. Phenylephrine and carbachol activated MAPK in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. Inhibition of MAPK significantly increased phenylephrine- and carbachol-induced protein secretion. Inhibition of EGF receptor (EGFR) with AG1478, an inhibitor of the EGFR tyrosine kinase activity, significantly increased phenylephrine- but not carbachol-induced protein secretion. Whereas phenylephrine-induced activation of MAPK was completely inhibited by AG1478, activation of MAPK by carbachol was not. Phenylephrine stimulated tyrosine phosphorylation of the EGFR, whereas carbachol stimulated p60(Src), and possibly Pyk2, to activate MAPK. We conclude that, in the lacrimal gland, activation of MAPK plays an inhibitory role in alpha(1)-adrenergically and cholinergically stimulated protein secretion and that these agonists use different signaling mechanisms to activate MAPK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isao Ota
- Schepens Eye Research Institute, Harvard Medical School, 20 Staniford Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA
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11
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Shatos MA, Rios JD, Tepavcevic V, Kano H, Hodges R, Dartt DA. Isolation, characterization, and propagation of rat conjunctival goblet cells in vitro. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2001; 42:1455-64. [PMID: 11381047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To isolate, culture, and characterize goblet cells from the conjunctiva of rats. METHODS Conjunctival tissue was surgically removed from Sprague-Dawley rats. Goblet cells were then isolated from the nictitating membrane and fornix using explant cultures. Cells derived from the explants were grown and propagated in RPMI medium supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum. They were characterized using an enzyme-linked lectin assay (ELLA) with the lectin Ulex europaeus agglutinin-1 (UEA-1), Western blot analysis, PCR, light and electron microscopy, specialized histochemistry and indirect immunofluorescence microscopy. RESULTS Goblet cells were successfully isolated from conjunctival explants by scraping nongoblet cells from the culture vessel. To date, cultures have been passaged a minimum of three times without the loss of their specific cellular markers. Cells identified as goblet cells fulfilled the following criteria: positive staining for alcian blue/periodic acid Schiff reagent, cytokeratin (CK)-7, the lectins UEA-I and Helix pomatia agglutinin (HPA), MUC5AC, and M(3) muscarinic receptor; detection of MUC5AC mRNA using RT-PCR; and negative staining for CK-4, M(1) muscarinic receptor, and Banderia simplicifolia lectin. The authors also measured, using the ELLA, substantial amounts of UEA-I-detectable high-molecular-weight glycoproteins and MUC5AC released into the medium. CONCLUSIONS Cultured goblet cells retain many characteristics of goblet cells in vivo and thus may serve as a useful tool in delineating the pathobiology of the ocular surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Shatos
- Schepens Eye Research Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA.
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