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Ito A, Kitabatake S, Furuichi W, Takase N, Nakahara T, Akiyama T, Yoshida S, Kusano Y, Furusawa Y, Hirayama R. LET Dependence of 8-Hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) Generation in Mammalian Cells under Air-Saturated and Hypoxic Conditions: A Possible Experimental Approach to the Mechanism of the Decreasing Oxygen Effect in the High-LET Region. Radiat Res 2024; 201:189-196. [PMID: 38294870 DOI: 10.1667/rade-23-00046.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
One of the most distinguished features in biological effects of heavy ions would be the decrease of oxygen effect in the high-LET region. This feature has been referred to as the radiobiological basis for the control of hypoxic fraction in cancer radiotherapy. However, mechanisms to explain this phenomenon have not been fully understood. One of the explanations was given by the oxygen in the track hypothesis, which proposes that oxygen is produced along ion tracks even in the hypoxic irradiation condition. In the present study, we designed an experimental approach to support this hypothesis by using 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) as DNA damage requiring oxygen to produce. The LET dependence of 8-OHdG under hypoxic condition revealed that with increasing LET 8-OHdG yield seems to increase, despite that the yield of OH radical, which is also required for the production of 8-OHdG, decreases in the high-LET region. This result is consistent with the explanation that the local generation of oxygen along ion tracks contributes to the increase of 8-OHdG yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Ito
- Department of Nuclear Engineering, School of Engineering, Tokai University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - S Kitabatake
- Department of Nuclear Engineering, School of Engineering, Tokai University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - W Furuichi
- Department of Nuclear Engineering, School of Engineering, Tokai University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - N Takase
- Department of Nuclear Engineering, School of Engineering, Tokai University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - T Nakahara
- Department of Nuclear Engineering, School of Engineering, Tokai University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - T Akiyama
- Department of Nuclear Engineering, School of Engineering, Tokai University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - S Yoshida
- Department of Nuclear Engineering, School of Engineering, Tokai University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Y Kusano
- Department of Nuclear Engineering, School of Engineering, Tokai University, Kanagawa, Japan
- Section of Medical Physics and Engineering, Kanagawa Cancer Center, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Y Furusawa
- Department of Charged Particle Therapy Research, Institute for Quantum Medical Science, National Institutes Quantum Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - R Hirayama
- Department of Charged Particle Therapy Research, Institute for Quantum Medical Science, National Institutes Quantum Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
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2
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Kobayashi A, Autsavapromporn N, Ahmad TAFT, Oikawa M, Homma-Takeda S, Furusawa Y, Wang J, Konishi T. BYSTANDER WI-38 CELLS MODULATE DNA DOUBLE-STRAND BREAK REPAIR IN MICROBEAM-TARGETED A549 CELLS THROUGH GAP JUNCTION INTERCELLULAR COMMUNICATION. Radiat Prot Dosimetry 2019; 183:142-146. [PMID: 30535060 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncy249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Bi-directional signaling involved in radiation-induced bystander effect (RIBE) between irradiated carcinoma cells and their surrounding non-irradiated normal cells is relevant to radiation cancer therapy. Using the SPICE-NIRS microbeam, we delivered 500 protons to A549-GFP lung carcinoma cells, stably expressing H2B-GFP, which were co-cultured with normal WI-38 cells. The level of γ-H2AX, a marker for DNA double-strand breaks (DSB), was subsequently measured up to 24-h post-irradiation in both targeted and bystander cells. As a result, inhibition of gap junction intercellular communication (GJIC) attenuated DSB repair in targeted A549-GFP cells, and suppressed RIBE in bystander WI-38 cells but not in distant A549-GFP cells. This suggests that GJIC plays a two-way role through propagating DNA damage effect between carcinoma to normal cells and reversing the bystander signaling, also called 'rescue effect' from bystander cells to irradiated cells, to enhance the DSB repair in targeted cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Kobayashi
- SPICE-BIO research core, International Open Laboratory, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Anagawa 4-9-1, Inage-ku, Chiba, Japan
- Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - N Autsavapromporn
- SPICE-BIO research core, International Open Laboratory, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Anagawa 4-9-1, Inage-ku, Chiba, Japan
- Division of Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology, Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Thailand
| | - T A F Tengku Ahmad
- SPICE-BIO research core, International Open Laboratory, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Anagawa 4-9-1, Inage-ku, Chiba, Japan
- Division of Agrotechnology and Biosciences, Malaysian Nuclear Agency, Bangi, Kajang, Malaysia
| | - M Oikawa
- SPICE-BIO research core, International Open Laboratory, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Anagawa 4-9-1, Inage-ku, Chiba, Japan
| | - S Homma-Takeda
- SPICE-BIO research core, International Open Laboratory, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Anagawa 4-9-1, Inage-ku, Chiba, Japan
| | - Y Furusawa
- SPICE-BIO research core, International Open Laboratory, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Anagawa 4-9-1, Inage-ku, Chiba, Japan
| | - J Wang
- Key Laboratory of Ion Beam Bioengineering, Hefei Institute of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Anhui Province, No. 350 of Shushanhu Road, Hefei, PR China
| | - T Konishi
- SPICE-BIO research core, International Open Laboratory, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Anagawa 4-9-1, Inage-ku, Chiba, Japan
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Furusawa Y, Matsumoto Y, Hirayama R, Ohsawa D, Konishi T. DOSE-RATE AND CELL-KILLING SENSITIVITY OF HIGH-LINEAR ENERGY TRANSFER ION BEAM. Radiat Prot Dosimetry 2019; 183:219-222. [PMID: 30566666 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncy267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
It is believed that the dose-rate of radiation will have an influence on cell sensitivity. The dose-rate effects on cell survival can be expressed by the change of the β term in the linear quadratic model. The value at a high-dose-rate decreases below 60 Gy/h and reaches zero at 0.2 Gy/h or less for photons. However, the effect for a high-LET ion-beam is not well known. At HIMAC, cells were exposed to 70 keV/μm carbon-ion beams at different dose-rates between 0.5 and 600 Gy/h at room temperature. The β values for all survival curves show no significant differences among the dose-rates tested for HSG, V79 and CHO cells. Changing the ion-beam dose-rate had no effect on cell survival. This suggests that high-LET particle beams, such as galactic cosmic rays, may not exhibit a dose-rate effect on cell survival. Low-dose-rate radiation showed an effect similar to high-dose-rate radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Furusawa
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences for Radiation Damages, National Institutes of Radiological Sciences, QST (National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology), 4-9-1, Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba, Japan
| | - Y Matsumoto
- Proton Medical Research Center, University of Tsukuba, 2-1-1 Amakubo, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - R Hirayama
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences for Radiation Damages, National Institutes of Radiological Sciences, QST (National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology), 4-9-1, Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba, Japan
| | - D Ohsawa
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences for Radiation Damages, National Institutes of Radiological Sciences, QST (National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology), 4-9-1, Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba, Japan
- Graduate School of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba, Japan
| | - T Konishi
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences for Radiation Damages, National Institutes of Radiological Sciences, QST (National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology), 4-9-1, Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba, Japan
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Sano T, Shioya A, Furusawa Y, Kimura Y, Sato N, Takahashi Y, Murata M, Saito Y. Two autopsy cases of Parkinson’s disease with impulsive-compulsive disorders. J Neurol Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2017.08.2054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Facoetti A, Vischioni B, Ciocca M, Ferrarini M, Furusawa Y, Mairani A, Matsumoto Y, Mirandola A, Molinelli S, Uzawa A, Vilches FG, Orecchia R. In vivo radiobiological assessment of the new clinical carbon ion beams at CNAO. Radiat Prot Dosimetry 2015; 166:379-382. [PMID: 25877541 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncv145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
In this article, the in vivo study performed to evaluate the uniformity of biological doses within an hypothetical target volume and calculate the values of relative biological effectiveness (RBE) at different depths in the spread-out Bragg peak (SOBP) of the new CNAO (National Centre for Oncological Hadrontherapy) carbon beams is presented, in the framework of a typical radiobiological beam calibration procedure. The RBE values (relative to (60)Co γ rays) of the CNAO active scanning carbon ion beams were determined using jejunal crypt regeneration in mice as biological system at the entrance, centre and distal end of a 6-cm SOBP. The RBE values calculated from the iso-effective doses to reduce crypt survival per circumference to 10, ranged from 1.52 at the middle of the SOBP to 1.75 at the distal position and are in agreement with those previously reported from other carbon ion facilities. In conclusion, this first set of in vivo experiments shows that the CNAO carbon beam is radiobiologically comparable with the NIRS (National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Chiba, Japan) and GSI (Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt, Germany) ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Facoetti
- CNAO Foundation, Via Campeggi 53, Pavia 27100, Italy
| | - B Vischioni
- CNAO Foundation, Via Campeggi 53, Pavia 27100, Italy
| | - M Ciocca
- CNAO Foundation, Via Campeggi 53, Pavia 27100, Italy
| | - M Ferrarini
- CNAO Foundation, Via Campeggi 53, Pavia 27100, Italy
| | - Y Furusawa
- Research Center for Charged Particle Therapy, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inageku, Chiba, Japan
| | - A Mairani
- CNAO Foundation, Via Campeggi 53, Pavia 27100, Italy
| | - Y Matsumoto
- Research Center for Charged Particle Therapy, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inageku, Chiba, Japan
| | - A Mirandola
- CNAO Foundation, Via Campeggi 53, Pavia 27100, Italy
| | - S Molinelli
- CNAO Foundation, Via Campeggi 53, Pavia 27100, Italy
| | - A Uzawa
- Research Center for Charged Particle Therapy, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inageku, Chiba, Japan
| | | | - R Orecchia
- CNAO Foundation, Via Campeggi 53, Pavia 27100, Italy Department of Radiation Oncology, European Institute of Oncology, via Ripamonti 435, Milan, Italy University of Milan
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6
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Bando K, Sato F, Furusawa Y, Kobayashi Y, Murata M. Side of symptom onset not affects freezing of gait in Parkinson's disease. Physiotherapy 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physio.2015.03.243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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7
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Inoue M, Kofuji H, Fujimoto K, Furusawa Y, Yoshida K, Nagao S, Yamamoto M, Hamajima Y, Minakawa M. Delivery mechanism of (134)Cs and (137)Cs in seawater off the Sanriku Coast, Japan, following the Fukushima Dai-ichi NPP accident. J Environ Radioact 2014; 137:113-118. [PMID: 25036919 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2014.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2014] [Revised: 06/26/2014] [Accepted: 07/02/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
To assess the delivery mechanism of radiocesium emitted from the Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Power Plant (FDNPP), we examined vertical profiles of (134)Cs, (137)Cs, and (228)Ra concentrations and the (228)Ra/(226)Ra ratio in the water columns off the Sanriku Coast in the northwestern Pacific Ocean, in July 2012, along with their surface lateral variations in July 2009. Radiocesium concentrations exhibited maximum peaks (3-5 mBq/L for (134)Cs) at depths of 100-200 m, accompanied by high (228)Ra concentrations (0.6-0.8 mBq/L) in comparison with shallower depths (∼0.4 mBq/L). Taking the circulation patterns of currents in the area into account, it was inferred that radioactive depositions were supplied to the (228)Ra-rich Tsugaru Warm Current Water (TWCW) in the offshore area of the Sanriku Coast following the FDNPP accident, and that after the spring of 2011, this water (∼26.5σθ) was covered by lower density surface water, which helped intrude its way to depths of 100-200 m.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Inoue
- Low Level Radioactivity Laboratory, Kanazawa University, Nomi, Ishikawa 923-1224, Japan.
| | - H Kofuji
- Low Level Radioactivity Laboratory, Kanazawa University, Nomi, Ishikawa 923-1224, Japan; Japan Marine Science Foundation, Minato, Mutsu, Aomori 035-0064, Japan
| | - K Fujimoto
- Fisheries Research Agency, National Research Institute of Fisheries Science, Fukuura, Kanazawa, Yokohama 236-8648, Japan
| | - Y Furusawa
- Low Level Radioactivity Laboratory, Kanazawa University, Nomi, Ishikawa 923-1224, Japan
| | - K Yoshida
- Low Level Radioactivity Laboratory, Kanazawa University, Nomi, Ishikawa 923-1224, Japan
| | - S Nagao
- Low Level Radioactivity Laboratory, Kanazawa University, Nomi, Ishikawa 923-1224, Japan
| | - M Yamamoto
- Low Level Radioactivity Laboratory, Kanazawa University, Nomi, Ishikawa 923-1224, Japan
| | - Y Hamajima
- Low Level Radioactivity Laboratory, Kanazawa University, Nomi, Ishikawa 923-1224, Japan
| | - M Minakawa
- Fisheries Research Agency, National Research Institute of Fisheries Science, Fukuura, Kanazawa, Yokohama 236-8648, Japan
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8
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Inoue M, Furusawa Y, Fujimoto K, Minakawa M, Kofuji H, Nagao S, Yamamoto M, Hamajima Y, Yoshida K, Nakano Y, Hayakawa K, Oikawa S, Misonoo J, Isoda Y. 228Ra/226Ra ratio and 7Be concentration in the Sea of Japan as indicators for water transport: comparison with migration pattern of Fukushima Dai-ichi NPP-derived 134Cs and 137Cs. J Environ Radioact 2013; 126:176-187. [PMID: 24029140 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2013.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2013] [Revised: 07/13/2013] [Accepted: 08/01/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
To assess the migration patterns of radiocesium emitted from the Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Power Plant (FDNPP), we analyzed (228)Ra/(226)Ra ratios and (7)Be concentrations and compared them with (134)Cs and (137)Cs concentrations in seawater samples collected within the Sea of Japan before and after the FDNPP accident (i.e., during the period 2007-2012) using low-background γ-spectrometry. The (228)Ra/(226)Ra ratios in surface waters exhibited lateral and seasonal variations, reflecting the flow patterns of surface water. This indicates the transport patterns of the FDNPP-derived radiocesium by surface water. Cosmogenic (7)Be (half-life: 53.3 d) exhibited markedly high concentrations (5-10 mBq/L) at depths shallower than 50 m, with concentrations decreasing steeply (0.2-2 mBq/L) at depths of 50-250 m. The distribution of (7)Be concentrations suggests that the downward delivery of the FDNPP-derived radiocesium to below 50 m depth was negligible for a few months prior to its removal from the Sea of Japan.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Inoue
- Low Level Radioactivity Laboratory, Institute of Nature and Environmental Technology, Kanazawa University, Nomi, Ishikawa 923-1224, Japan.
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9
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Antonovic L, Brahme A, Furusawa Y, Toma-Dasu I. Radiobiological description of the LET dependence of the cell survival of oxic and anoxic cells irradiated by carbon ions. J Radiat Res 2013; 54:18-26. [PMID: 22915783 PMCID: PMC3534272 DOI: 10.1093/jrr/rrs070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2012] [Revised: 07/16/2012] [Accepted: 07/17/2012] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Light-ion radiation therapy against hypoxic tumors is highly curative due to reduced dependence on the presence of oxygen in the tumor at elevated linear energy transfer (LET) towards the Bragg peak. Clinical ion beams using spread-out Bragg peak (SOBP) are characterized by a wide spectrum of LET values. Accurate treatment optimization requires a method that can account for influence of the variation in response for a broad range of tumor hypoxia, absorbed doses and LETs. This paper presents a parameterization of the Repairable Conditionally-Repairable (RCR) cell survival model that can describe the survival of oxic and hypoxic cells over a wide range of LET values, and investigates the relationship between hypoxic radiation resistance and LET. The biological response model was tested by fitting cell survival data under oxic and anoxic conditions for V79 cells irradiated with LETs within the range of 30-500 keV/µm. The model provides good agreement with experimental cell survival data for the range of LET investigated, confirming the robustness of the parameterization method. This new version of the RCR model is suitable for describing the biological response of mixed populations of oxic and hypoxic cells and at the same time taking into account the distribution of doses and LETs in the incident beam and its variation with depth in tissue. The model offers a versatile tool for the selection of LET and dose required in the optimization of the therapeutic effect, without severely affecting normal tissue in realistic tumors presenting highly heterogeneous oxic and hypoxic regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- L. Antonovic
- Medical Radiation Physics, Stockholm University and Karolinska Institutet, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - A. Brahme
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
- Next Generation Medical Physics Research Program and International Open Laboratories, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Y. Furusawa
- Next Generation Medical Physics Research Program and International Open Laboratories, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - I. Toma-Dasu
- Medical Radiation Physics, Stockholm University and Karolinska Institutet, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
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Takahashi T, Yoshida Y, Musha A, Ando K, Furusawa Y, Kanai T, Murata K, Takahashi A, Ohno T, Nakano T. 2029 POSTER Biological Quality Assurance of Carbon-ion Beam Irradiation at Spread-out Bragg Peak (SOBP) Beams. Eur J Cancer 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(11)70987-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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11
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Sato T, Watanabe R, Kase Y, Tsuruoka C, Suzuki M, Furusawa Y, Niita K. Analysis of cell-survival fractions for heavy-ion irradiations based on microdosimetric kinetic model implemented in the particle and heavy ion transport code system. Radiat Prot Dosimetry 2011; 143:491-496. [PMID: 21148591 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncq484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
It is considered that the linear energy transfer (LET) may not be the ideal index for expressing the relative biological effectiveness (RBE) of cell killing for heavy-ion irradiation, as the ion-species dependencies have clearly been observed in the relation between LET and RBE derived from cell-survival fraction data. The previously measured survival fractions of four cell lines irradiated by various ion species, employing the saturation-corrected dose-mean lineal energy, y*, instead of LET as the index of the RBE were therefore re-analysed. In the analysis, the initial slopes of the survival fractions, the so-called α-parameter in the linear-quadratic model, were plotted as a function of y*, which was calculated by the microdosimetric kinetic (MK) model implemented in the Particle and Heavy Ion Transport code System. It was found from the analysis that the ion-species dependencies observed in the relations between α and LET disappeared from those between α and y*, and their relations can be well reproduced by a simple equation derived from the MK model. These results clearly indicate the suitability of y* to be used in the estimation of the RBE of cell killing for heavy-ion irradiations, which is of great importance in the treatment planning of charged-particle therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Sato
- Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Shirakata-Shirane 2-4, Tokai, Ibaraki 319-1195, Japan.
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12
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Hirayama R, Uzawa A, Matsumoto Y, Noguchi M, Kase Y, Takase N, Ito A, Koike S, Ando K, Okayasu R, Furusawa Y. Induction of DNA DSB and its rejoining in clamped and non-clamped tumours after exposure to carbon ion beams in comparison to X rays. Radiat Prot Dosimetry 2011; 143:508-512. [PMID: 21148587 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncq478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
We studied double-strand breaks (DSB) induction and rejoining in clamped and non-clamped transplanted tumours in mice leg after exposure to 80 keV µm(-1) carbon ions and X rays. The yields of DSB in the tumours were analysed by a static-field gel electrophoresis. The OER of DSB after X rays was 1.68±0.31, and this value was not changed after 1 h rejoining time (1.40±0.26). These damages in oxygenated conditions were rejoined 60-70% within 1 h in situ. No difference was found between the exposure to X rays and carbon ions for the induction and rejoining of DSB. Thus, the values of OER and rejoined fraction after exposure to carbon ions were similar to those after X rays, and the calculated relative biological effectivenesses of carbon ion were around 1 under both oxygen conditions. The yields of DSB in vivo depend on exposure doses, oxygen conditions and rejoining time, but not on the types of radiation quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Hirayama
- Heavy-ion Radiobiology Research Group, Research Center for Charged Particle Therapy, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
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13
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Matsuura T, Egashira Y, Nishio T, Kohno R, Kameoka S, Ohta R, Matsumura K, Suzuki H, Taniyama T, Toda T, Shimoju T, Sakamoto A, Yamazaki K, Kawashima M, Ogino T, Matsumoto Y, Wada M, Furusawa Y. WE-A-BRA-05: Proton Ultra High Dose-Rate Effect on HSG Cell Survival Curve. Med Phys 2010. [DOI: 10.1118/1.3469326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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14
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Fukumura A, Tsujii H, Kamada T, Baba M, Tsuji H, Kato H, Kato S, Yamada S, Yasuda S, Yanagi T, Kato H, Hara R, Yamamoto N, Mizoe J, Akahane K, Fukuda S, Furusawa Y, Iwata Y, Kanai T, Kanematsu N, Kitagawa A, Matsufuji N, Minohara S, Miyahara N, Mizuno H, Murakami T, Nishizawa K, Noda K, Takada E, Yonai S. Carbon-ion radiotherapy: clinical aspects and related dosimetry. Radiat Prot Dosimetry 2009; 137:149-155. [PMID: 19812127 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncp188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The features of relativistic carbon-ion beams are attractive from the viewpoint of radiotherapy. They exhibit not only a superior physical dose distribution but also an increase in biological efficiency with depth, because energy loss of the beams increases as they penetrate the body. This paper reviews clinical aspects of carbon-beam radiotherapy using the experience at the National Institute of Radiological Sciences. The paper also outlines the dosimetry related to carbon-beam radiotherapy, including absolute dosimetry of the carbon beam, neutron measurements and radiation protection measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Fukumura
- Research Center for Charged Particle Therapy, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba-shi 263-8555, Japan
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15
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Takahashi T, Fukawa T, Hirayama R, Furusawa Y, Ando K, Yoshida Y, Suzuki Y, Nakano T. Mechanism of Enhancement Effect of High-LET Carbon-ion Beam and Anticancer Drugs on Two Cell Lines with Different Radiosensitivities and p53 Status In Vitro. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2009.07.1272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Hoshi M, Uehara S, Yamamoto O, Sawada S, Asao T, Kobayashi K, Maezawa H, Furusawa Y, Hieda K, Yamada T. Iron(II) Sulphate (Fricke Solution) Oxidation Yields for 8·9 and 13·6keV X-rays from Synchrotron Radiation. Int J Radiat Biol 2009; 61:21-7. [PMID: 1345927 DOI: 10.1080/09553009214550581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The oxidation yields (G) for 8.86 and 13.55 keV X-rays produced by synchrotron radiation were measured using an iron(II) sulphate (Fricke) solution. Monoenergetic X-rays were produced using a silicon crystal monochromator. The X-rays were absorbed in 0.4 M sulphuric acid-iron(II) sulphate solution and FeIII ion yields were measured and corrected for escape fractions resulting from scattering using Monte Carlo calculations. Doses in the solution were determined using a thin window, parallel plate chamber calibrated against a primary standard free-air chamber at the Electrotechnical Laboratory (Osaka, Japan). Yields (G) of 1.50 +/- 0.06 and 1.43 +/- 0.06 mumol J-1 were obtained for 8.86 and 13.55 keV X-rays respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Hoshi
- Research Institute for Nuclear Medicine and Biology, Hiroshima University, Japan
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17
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Takahashi A, Matsumoto H, Furusawa Y, Ohnishi K, Ishioka N, Ohnishi T. Apoptosis induced by high-LET radiations is not affected by cellular p53 gene status. Int J Radiat Biol 2009; 81:581-6. [PMID: 16298939 DOI: 10.1080/09553000500280484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
To learn more about the biological effects of high-linear energy transfer (LET) radiations, we examined radiation-induced apoptosis in response to high-LET radiations in cells with wild-type, mutated and null p53 gene. Three human lung cancer cell lines were used. These lines had identical genotypes, except for the p53 gene. Cells were exposed to X-rays or high-LET radiations (13 - 200 keV microm(-1)) using different nuclei ion beams. Cellular radiation sensitivities were determined with the use of colony-forming assays. Apoptosis was detected and quantified using Hoechst 33342 staining with fluorescence microscopy. It was found that (1) there was no significant difference in cellular sensitivity to high-LET radiation (>85 keV microm(-1)), although the sensitivity of wild-type p53 cells to X-rays was higher than that of mutated p53 or p53-null cells; (2) X-ray-induced apoptosis at higher frequencies in wild-type p53 cells when compared with mutated p53 and p53-null cells; and (3) Fe beams (200 keV microm(-1)) induced apoptosis in a p53-independent manner. The results indicate that high-LET radiations induces apoptosis in human lung cancer cells in a manner that does not seem to depend on the p53 gene status of the cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Takahashi
- Department of Biology, Nara Medical University School of Medicine, Nara, Japan
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18
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Usami N, Furusawa Y, Kobayashi K, Lacombe S, Reynaud-Angelin A, Sage E, Wu TD, Croisy A, Guerquin-Kern JL, Le Sech C. Mammalian cells loaded with platinum-containing molecules are sensitized to fast atomic ions. Int J Radiat Biol 2009; 84:603-11. [DOI: 10.1080/09553000802199846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Campa A, Alloni D, Antonelli F, Ballarini F, Belli M, Dini V, Esposito G, Facoetti A, Friedland W, Furusawa Y, Liotta M, Ottolenghi A, Paretzke HG, Simone G, Sorrentino E, Tabocchini MA. DNA Fragmentation Induced in Human Fibroblasts by56Fe Ions: Experimental Data and Monte Carlo Simulations. Radiat Res 2009; 171:438-45. [DOI: 10.1667/rr1442.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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20
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Masunaga S, Ando K, Uzawa A, Hirayama R, Furusawa Y, Koike S, Ono K. The Responses of Quiescent Cell Populations in Solid Tumors to 290 MeV/u Carbon Ion Beam Irradiation In Vivo, Compared With Those of Total Cell Populations. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2007.07.1944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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21
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Terato H, Tanaka R, Nakaarai Y, Hirayama R, Furusawa Y, Ide H. Analysis of complex DNA lesions generated by heavy ion beams. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007:221-2. [DOI: 10.1093/nass/nrm111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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22
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Usami N, Kobayashi K, Furusawa Y, Frohlich H, Lacombe S, Sech CL. Irradiation of DNA loaded with platinum containing molecules by fast atomic ions C(6+) and Fe(26+). Int J Radiat Biol 2007; 83:569-76. [PMID: 17654098 DOI: 10.1080/09553000701447130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE In order to study the role of the Linear Energy Transfer (LET) of fast atomic ions in platinum-DNA complexes inducing breaks, DNA Plasmids were irradiated by C(6+) and Fe(26+) ions. MATERIAL AND METHODS DNA Plasmids (pBR322) loaded with different amounts of platinum contained in a terpyridine-platinum molecule (PtTC) were irradiated by C(6+) ions and Fe(26+) ions. The LET values ranged between 13.4 keV/microm and 550 keV/microm. In some experiments, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) was added. RESULTS In all experiments, a significant increase in DNA strand breaks was observed when platinum was present. The yield of breaks induced per Gray decreased when the LET increased. The yield of single and double strand breaks per plasmid per track increased with the LET, indicating that the number of DNA breaks per Gray was related to the number of tracks through the medium. CONCLUSIONS These findings show that more DNA breaks are induced by atomic ions when platinum is present. This effect increases for low LET heavy atoms. As DSB induction may induce cell death, these results could open new perspectives with the association of hadrontherapy and chemotherapy. Thus the therapeutic index might be improved by loading the tumour with platinum salts.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Usami
- Photon Factory, Institute of Materials Structure Science, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization, Oho, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
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23
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Masunaga S, Ando K, Uzawa A, Hirayama R, Furusawa Y, Koike S, Ono K. 918 POSTER The responses of quiescent cell populations in solid tumors to 290 MeV/u carbon ion beam irradiation in vivo, compared with those of total cell populations. EJC Suppl 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/s1359-6349(07)70557-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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24
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Esposito G, Belli M, Campa A, Cherubini R, Cuttone G, Dini V, Furusawa Y, Gerardi S, Simone G, Sorrentino E, Tabocchini MA. DNA fragments induction in human fibroblasts by radiations of different qualities. Radiat Prot Dosimetry 2006; 122:166-8. [PMID: 17142820 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncl389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Experimental data on DNA double strand break (DSB) induction in human fibroblasts (AG1522), following irradiation with several radiation qualities, namely gamma rays, 0.84 MeV protons, 58.9 MeV u(-1) carbon ions, iron ions of 115 MeV u(-1), 414 MeV u(-1), 1 GeV u(-1), and 5 GeV u(-1), are presented. DSB yields were measured by calibrated Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis in the DNA fragment size range 0.023-5.7 Mbp. The DSB yields show little LET dependence, in spite of the large variation of the latter among the beams, and are slightly higher than that obtained using gamma rays. The highest yield was found for the 5 GeV u(-1) iron beam, that gave a value 30% higher than the 1 GeV u(-1) iron beam. A phenomenological method is used to parametrise deviation from randomness in fragment size spectra.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Esposito
- Health and Technology Department, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, Roma, Italy
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Abstract
PURPOSE The association of radiotherapy and chemotherapy is an attractive approach to improve the therapeutic index of the treatment of tumors. A lot of work has been devoted to investigate the effects of X-ray, gamma-ray and neutron irradiation of DNA or living cells loaded with different chemical compounds containing heavy atoms like platinum. No such studies exist presently when fast atomic ions are chosen as ionizing particles. In the present work, we investigate quantitatively the increase of DNA breaks in complexes of plasmid-DNA loaded with platinum atoms under irradiation by fast atomic He2+ ions. MATERIALS AND METHODS DNA Plasmids (pBR322) are incubated in solutions containing different concentrations of terpyridine platinum (PtTC). In some preparations, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), a free radical scavenger, has been added in order to investigate the role of the free radicals. The complexes of DNA plasmids loaded with high-Z atoms are irradiated under atmospheric conditions by He2+ ions at an energy of 143 MeV/amu and a linear energy transfert (LET) of 2.24 keV/microm. Analysis of DNA damage--single and double strand breaks--is made by electrophoresis on agarose gels. RESULTS The results show a significant increase in DNA strand breaks when platinum is present, indicating a radiosensitization by the high Z atoms. The increase in DNA damages is attributed to inner-shell ionization of a platinum atom by secondary electrons emitted along the He2+ tracks followed by an Auger deexcitation, leading, thus, to a local amplification of the radiative effects close to the DNA. The contributions of scavengeable--solvant mediated--indirect effects and non-scavengeable effects (direct ionization) are quantitatively evaluated. CONCLUSION Enhancement of DNA breaks in plasmids loaded with heavy atoms like platinum and irradiated by atomic ions are observed. This finding suggests an enhancement of cell death rate will occur under irradiation by atomic ions when the cells contain high-Z atoms located close to DNA due to the increase of the DNA breaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Usami
- Photon Factory, Institute of Materials Structure Science, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization, Oho, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
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26
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Yasuda N, Konishi T, Matsumoto K, Yamauchi T, Asuka T, Furusawa Y, Sato Y, Oda K, Tawara H, Hieda K. Dose distribution of carbon ions in air assessed using imaging plates and ionization chamber. RADIAT MEAS 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radmeas.2004.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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27
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Li Q, Furusawa Y, Kanazawa M, Kitagawa A. Unraveling the mystery of enhanced cell-killing effect around the Bragg peak region of a double irradiation source9C-ion beam. Chin Sci Bull 2005. [DOI: 10.1007/bf03183647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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28
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Senda T, Furusawa Y, Nagarajan V, Tanokura M, Fukuda M. Crystal structure of biphenyl dioxygenase. Acta Crystallogr A 2005. [DOI: 10.1107/s0108767305091543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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29
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Esposito G, Antonelli F, Belli M, Campa A, Dini V, Furusawa Y, Simone G, Sorrentino E, Tabocchini MA. DNA DSB induced by iron ions in human fibroblasts: LET dependence and shielding efficiency. Adv Space Res 2005; 35:243-8. [PMID: 15934201 DOI: 10.1016/j.asr.2004.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
This paper reports on DNA DSB induction in human fibroblasts by iron ions of different energies, namely 5, 1 GeV/u, 414 and 115 MeV/u, in absence or presence of different shields (PMMA, Al and Pb). Measure of DNA DSB was performed by calibrated Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis using the fragment counting method. The RBE-LET relationships for unshielded and shielded beams were obtained both in terms of dose average LET and of track average LET. Weak dependence on these parameters was observed for DSB induction. The shielding efficiency, evaluated by the ratio between the cross sections for unshielded and shielded beams, depends not only on the shield type and thickness, but also on the beam energy. Protection is only observed at high iron ions energy, especially at 5 GeV/u, where PMMA shield gives higher protection compared to Al or Pb shields of the same thickness expressed in g/cm2.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Esposito
- Laboratorio di Fisica, Technology and Health Department, Istituto Superiore di Sanita, Rome, Italy
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30
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Demizu Y, Furusawa Y, Aoki M, Hirayama R, Ejima Y, Ota Y, Sasaki R, Okamoto Y, Soejima T, Ando K, Sugimura K. Cell biological basis for combination radiotherapy using carbon-beam and photon. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2004.07.198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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31
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Kawata T, Ito H, Uno T, Saito M, Yamamoto S, Furusawa Y, Durante M, George K, Wu H, Cucinotta FA. G2 chromatid damage and repair kinetics in normal human fibroblast cells exposed to low- or high-LET radiation. Cytogenet Genome Res 2004; 104:211-5. [PMID: 15162040 DOI: 10.1159/000077491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2003] [Accepted: 11/24/2003] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiation-induced chromosome damage can be measured in interphase using the Premature Chromosome Condensation (PCC) technique. With the introduction of a new PCC technique using the potent phosphatase inhibitor calyculin-A, chromosomes can be condensed within five minutes, and it is now possible to examine the early damage induced by radiation. Using this method, it has been shown that high-LET radiation induces a higher frequency of chromatid breaks and a much higher frequency of isochromatid breaks than low-LET radiation. The kinetics of chromatid break rejoining consists of two exponential components representing a rapid and a slow time constant, which appears to be similar for low- and high-LET radiations. However, after high-LET radiation exposures, the rejoining process for isochromatid breaks influences the repair kinetics of chromatid-type breaks, and this plays an important role in the assessment of chromatid break rejoining in the G2 phase of the cell cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Kawata
- Department of Radiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan.
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32
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Durante M, Ando K, Furusawa Y, Obe G, George K, Cucinotta FA. Complex chromosomal rearrangements induced in vivo by heavy ions. Cytogenet Genome Res 2004; 104:240-4. [PMID: 15162046 DOI: 10.1159/000077497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2003] [Accepted: 11/19/2003] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been suggested that the ratio complex/simple exchanges can be used as a biomarker of exposure to high-LET radiation. We tested this hypothesis in vivo, by considering data from several studies that measured complex exchanges in peripheral blood from humans exposed to mixed fields of low- and high-LET radiation. In particular, we studied data from astronauts involved in long-term missions in low-Earth-orbit, and uterus cancer patients treated with accelerated carbon ions. Data from two studies of chromosomal aberrations in astronauts used blood samples obtained before and after space flight, and a third study used blood samples from patients before and after radiotherapy course. Similar methods were used in each study, where lymphocytes were stimulated to grow in vitro, and collected after incubation in either colcemid or calyculin A. Slides were painted with whole-chromosome DNA fluorescent probes (FISH), and complex and simple chromosome exchanges in the painted genome were classified separately. Complex-type exchanges were observed at low frequencies in control subjects, and in our test subjects before the treatment. No statistically significant increase in the yield of complex-type exchanges was induced by the space flight. Radiation therapy induced a high fraction of complex exchanges, but no significant differences could be detected between patients treated with accelerated carbon ions or X-rays. Complex chromosomal rearrangements do not represent a practical biomarker of radiation quality in our test subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Durante
- Department of Physics, University Federico II, Naples, Italy.
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Grossi G, Durante M, Gialanella G, Pugliese M, Scampoli P, Furusawa Y, Kanai T, Matsufuji N. Chromosomal aberrations induced by high-energy iron ions with shielding. Adv Space Res 2004; 34:1358-61. [PMID: 15880937 DOI: 10.1016/j.asr.2003.09.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Biophysical models are commonly used to evaluate the effectiveness of shielding in reducing the biological damage caused by cosmic radiation in space flights. To improve and validate these codes biophysical experiments are needed. We have measured the induction of chromosomal aberrations in human peripheral blood lymphocytes exposed in vitro to 500 MeV/n iron ion beams (dose range 0.1-1 Gy) after traversing shields of different material (lucite, aluminium, or lead) and thickness (0-11.3 g/cm2). For comparison, cells were exposed to 200 MeV/n iron ions and to X-rays. Chromosomes were prematurely condensed by a phosphatase inhibitor (calyculin A) to avoid cell-cycle selection produced by the exposure to high-LET heavy-ion beams. Aberrations were scored in chromosomes 1, 2, and 4 following fluorescence in situ hybridization. The fraction of aberrant lymphocytes has been evaluated as a function of the dose at the sample position, and of the fluence of primary 56Fe ions hitting the shield. The influence of shield thickness on the action cross-section for the induction of exchange-type aberrations has been analyzed, and the dose average-LET measured as a function of the shield thickness. These preliminary results prove that the effectiveness of heavy ions is modified by shielding, and the biological damage is dependent upon shield thickness and material.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Grossi
- Department of Physical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II and INFN, Napoli, Italy.
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34
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Demizu Y, Kagawa K, Ejima Y, Nishimura H, Sasaki R, Soejima T, Sugimura K, Hishikawa Y, Furusawa Y. 478 Biological assessment of mixed beam irradiation of carbon-ion and X-ray. EJC Suppl 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s1359-6349(03)90510-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
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35
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Takahashi A, Ota I, Tamamoto T, Asakawa I, Nagata Y, Nakagawa H, Kondo N, Ohnishi K, Furusawa Y, Matsumoto H, Ohnishi T. p53-dependent hyperthermic enhancement of tumour growth inhibition by X-ray or carbon-ion beam irradiation. Int J Hyperthermia 2003; 19:145-53. [PMID: 12623637 DOI: 10.1080/02656730210166131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
To elucidate p53-dependency on combined treatment with radiation and hyperthermia, growth inhibition and apoptosis were analysed using transplantable human tumour. Human head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) cells carrying different p53 genes were transplanted into the thigh of nude mice. When the mean diameter of tumour reached 5-6 mm, the tumours were exposed to X-rays (2 Gy) or Carbon-ion (C-) beams (1 Gy) followed by heating at 42 degrees C for 20 min. Tumour growth inhibition was evaluated by measuring the diameters of tumour. The induction of apoptosis and accumulation of apoptosis-related proteins were also analysed by immunohistochemical staining. Synergistic enhancement of tumour growth inhibition by hyperthermia was observed in wild-type p53 tumours treated with X-rays or C-beams but not in mutant p53 tumours. The incidence of apoptotic cells and activated-caspase-3-positive cells after combined treatment with them were significantly high in wild-type p53 tumours compared with that in mutant p53 tumours. The hyperthermic enhancement of tumour growth inhibition by X-ray- or C-beam-irradiation was p53-dependent, suggesting that it might be highly correlated with p53-dependent apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Takahashi
- Department of Biology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara 634-8521, Japan
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36
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Wu H, Durante M, Furusawa Y, George K, Kawata T, Cucinotta FA. M-FISH analysis of chromosome aberrations in human fibroblasts exposed to energetic iron ions in vitro. Adv Space Res 2003; 31:1537-1542. [PMID: 12971408 DOI: 10.1016/s0273-1177(03)00092-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Confluent human fibroblast cells were exposed to 6 Gy gamma-rays or 200 MeV/nucleon Fe ions at 0.7 or 3 Gy. The cells were allowed to repair for 24 hours after exposure and chromosomes were collected using a premature chromosome condensation technique with calyculin-A. Chromosome aberrations were analyzed using the multicolor FISH (mFISH) technique that allows identification of both complex and truly incomplete exchanges. Results showed that both doses of the Fe ions produced higher ratios of complex to simple exchanges and lower ratio of complete to incomplete exchanges than the 6 Gy gamma-exposure. The ratios of aberration yields were similar for the two doses of Fe ions. After 0.7 Gy of Fe ions, most complex aberrations were found to involve three or four chromosomes, indicating this is the maximum number of chromosome domains traversed by a single Fe ion track.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Wu
- Wyle Laboratories, Houston, TX 77058, USA.
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37
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Shao C, Furusawa Y, Aoki M, Matsumoto H, Ando K. Nitric oxide-mediated bystander effect induced by heavy-ions in human salivary gland tumour cells. Int J Radiat Biol 2002; 78:837-44. [PMID: 12428924 DOI: 10.1080/09553000210149786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the signal factor and its function in the medium-mediated bystander effect during heavy-ion irradiation of human salivary gland (HSG) neoplastic cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS Unirradiated recipient HSG cells were co-cultivated with HSG donor cells irradiated with 290 MeV/u carbon beams having different LET values. Cell proliferation and micronucleus (MN) induction in recipient cells with and without treatment of a NO scavenger (PTIO) were measured and the concentration of nitrite in the co-culture medium was detected. As a direct control, the effects of a nitric oxide (NO) generator (sper/NO) on cell proliferation and MN induction were also examined. RESULTS Increases in cell proliferation and MN induction were found in the recipient HSG cells as a result of co-culturing and cell proliferation was obviously enhanced during a further subculture. In comparison with 13keV/microm, 100keV/microm carbon-ion irradiation was found to be a more efficient inducer of the medium-mediated bystander effect. The treatment of cells by PTIO resulted in elimination of such effects, which supports a role for NO in the medium-mediated bystander effect. As an oxidization product of NO, nitrite was detected in the co-culture medium, and the dose-response for its concentration was similar to that of cell proliferation and MN induction in the recipient cells. When the HSG cells were treated by sper/NO with a concentration of less than 20 microM cell proliferation was enhanced, whereas MN increased along with sper/NO concentration. CONCLUSION NO participated in the medium-mediated bystander effects on cell proliferation and MN induction, depending on the LET of irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Shao
- Heavy-Ion Radiobiology Research Group, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Inage, Chiba, Japan.
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38
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Kawata T, Durante M, George K, Furusawa Y, Gotoh E, Takai N, Wu H, Cucinotta FA. Kinetics of chromatid break repair in G2-human fibroblasts exposed to low- and high-LET radiations. Phys Med 2002; 17 Suppl 1:226-8. [PMID: 11776982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to determine the kinetics of chromatid break rejoining following exposure to radiations of different quality. Exponentially growing human fibroblast cells AG1522 were irradiated with gamma-rays, energetic carbon (290 MeV/u), silicon (490 MeV/u) and iron (200 MeV/u, 600 MeV/u). Chromosomes were prematurely condensed using calyculin A. Prematurely condensed chromosomes were collected after several post-irradiation incubation times, ranging from 5 to 600 minutes, and the number of chromatid breaks and exchanges in G2 cells were scored. The relative biological effectiveness (RBE) for initial chromatid breaks per unit dose showed LET dependency having a peak at 55 keV/micrometers silicon (2.4) or 80 keV/micrometers carbon particles (2.4) and then decreased with increasing LET. The kinetics of chromatid break rejoining following low- or high-LET irradiation consisted of two exponential components. Chromatid breaks decreased rapidly after exposure, and then continued to decrease at a slower rate. The rejoining kinetics was similar for exposure to each type of radiation, although the rate of unrejoined breaks was higher for high-LET radiation. Chromatid exchanges were also formed quickly.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Kawata
- NASA Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center, Radiation Biophysics Laboratory, USA
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39
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Abstract
The DNA double strand breaks (DSBs) induced by X ray and carbon ion beam irradiation in scid cells were analysed using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. Scid cells and hybrid cells were ideal to study the DNA DSB repair mechanisms, because their genetic backgrounds were identical except DNA-PK activity. Induction of DNA DSBs was determined after exposure to X rays and carbon beams. DNA DSB repair was by biphasic kinetics with a fast and a slow component. For scid cells only a slow component was observed, whereas the kinetics of DSBs repair was biphasic with a fast and a slow component. It was concluded from the experimental data that the induced DSB rejoining in scid cells was due to the lack of DNA-PK activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Shimasaki
- Research Centre for Isotope Science, Kumamoto University, 2-2-1 Honjo, 860-0811 Kumamoto, Japan.
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40
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Koike S, Ando K, Uzawa A, Takai N, Fukawa T, Furusawa Y, Oohira C, Aoki M, Monobe M, Lee R, Suzuki M, Nojima K. Significance of fractionated irradiation for the biological therapeutic gain of carbon ions. Radiat Prot Dosimetry 2002; 99:405-408. [PMID: 12194341 DOI: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.rpd.a006819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
It is well established that the RBE (relative biological effectiveness) for cell killing depends on LET (linear energy transfer), and that a maximum RBE is observed at approximately 150 keV.micron-1. However, the therapeutic gain depends on the ratio of the RBEs for the effects on the cancer cell population and the effects on normal tissues. The RBE of a given radiation quality depends not only on LET but also on dose, biological system and effect, and irradiation conditions. There is no data available to answer the question: which LET is suitable to improve the biological therapeutic gain of carbon ions? Here, three different LET values of 290 MeV/u carbon ions were selected, and the relative biological effectiveness was compared between tumour-growth retardation and skin damage using a murine transplantable tumour. Larger RBE values for tumours after than the skin type were obtained when carbon ions of intermediate LET were delivered daily for 2 to 5 fractions. The biological therapeutic gain would be high for the carbon ion SOBP if the number of fractions were correctly selected in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Koike
- Heavy-Ion Radiobiology Research Group, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
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41
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Abstract
Crews of space missions are exposed to a mixed radiation field, including sparsely and densely ionizing radiation. To determine the biological effectiveness of mixed high-/low-LET radiation fields, mammalian cells were exposed in vitro simultaneously to X-rays and heavy ions, accelerated at the HIMAC accelerator. X-ray doses ranged from 1 to 11 Gy. At the same time, cells were exposed to either 40Ar (550 MeV/n, 86 keV/micrometers), 28Si (100 MeV/n, 150 keV/micrometers), or 56Fe (115 MeV/n, 442 keV/micrometers) ions. Survival was measured in hamster V79 fibroblasts. Structural aberrations in chromosome 2 were measured by chemical-induced premature chromosome condensation combined with fluorescence in situ hybridization in isolated human lymphocytes. For argon and silicon experiments, measured damage in the mixed radiation field was consistent with the value expected using an additive function for low- and high-LET separated data. A small deviation from a simple additive function is observed with very high-LET iron ions combined to X-rays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Furusawa
- National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Chiba, Japan
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42
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Abstract
We reported previously that exposure of normal human fibroblasts in G2 phase of the cell cycle to high-LET radiation produces a much higher frequency of isochromatid breaks than exposure to gamma rays. We concluded that an increase in the production of isochromatid breaks is a signature of initial high-LET radiation-induced G2-phase damage. In this paper, we report the repair kinetics of isochromatid breaks induced by high-LET radiation in normal G2-phase human fibroblasts. Exponentially growing human fibroblasts (AG1522) were irradiated with gamma rays or energetic carbon (290 MeV/nucleon), silicon (490 MeV/nucleon), or iron (200 MeV/nucleon) ions. Prematurely condensed chromosomes were induced by calyculin A after different postirradiation incubation times ranging from 0 to 600 min. Chromosomes were stained with Giemsa, and aberrations were scored in cells at G2 phase. G2-phase fragments, the result of the induction of isochromatid breaks, decreased quickly with incubation time. The curve for the kinetics of the rejoining of chromatid-type breaks showed a slight upward curvature with time after exposure to 440 keV/microm iron particles, probably due to isochromatid-isochromatid break rejoining. The formation of chromatid exchanges after exposure to high-LET radiation therefore appears to be underestimated, because isochromatid-isochromatid exchanges cannot be detected. Increased induction of isochromatid breaks and rejoining of isochromatid breaks affect the overall kinetics of chromatid-type break rejoining after exposure to high-LET radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Kawata
- NASA Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center, Radiation Biophysics Laboratory, Houston, Texas 77058, USA.
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43
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Suzuki S, Miura Y, Mizuno S, Furusawa Y. Theoretical analysis of mixed irradiation (3). Biol Sci Space 2001; 15:264-5. [PMID: 11997634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
As the model we proposed last year was contradictory to experimental data, we revised again the models for mixed irradiation by Zaider and Rossi and by Suzuki, substituting a 'reciprocal-time' pattern of repair function for a first-order one in reduction and interaction factors of the models, although we used a second order repair function last year. The reduction factor, which reduces the contribution of the square of a dose to cell killing in the models, and the interaction factor, which also reduces the contribution of the interaction of two or more doses of different types of radiation, were formulated by using the 'reciprocal-time' pattern of repair function. These newly modified models for mixed irradiation could express or predict cell survival more accurately than the older ones, especially when irradiation is prolonged at low dose rates. We present survival curves of cells calculated from the newly and the older models of assumptive simultaneous mixed irradiation with two or three types of radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Suzuki
- Tokyo Metro. Inst. of Gerontol., Tokyo, Japan
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44
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Kawata T, Ito H, Furusawa Y, Durante M, George K, Wu H, Cucinotta F. Heavy-ion induced chromatid break and repair kinetics in normal human fibroblasts. Biol Sci Space 2001; 15:276-7. [PMID: 11997640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- T Kawata
- NASA, Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center, Radiation Biophysics Laboratory, Houston, Texas, USA
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45
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Takahashi A, Ohnishi K, Ota I, Asakawa I, Tamamoto T, Furusawa Y, Matsumoto H, Ohnishi T. p53-dependent thermal enhancement of cellular sensitivity in human squamous cell carcinomas in relation to LET. Int J Radiat Biol 2001; 77:1043-51. [PMID: 11682009 DOI: 10.1080/09553000110066095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the dependence on p53 gene status of the thermal enhancement of cellular sensitivity against different levels of linear energy transfer (LET) from X-rays or carbon-ion (C-) beams. MATERIALS AND METHODS Two kinds of human squamous cell carcinoma cell lines were used with an identical genotype except for the p53 gene. SAS/mp53 cells were established by transfection with mutated p53 (mp53) gene to SAS cells having functional wild-type p53 (wtp53). As the control, a neo vector was transfected to the SAS cells (SAS/neo cells). Both cells were exposed to X-rays or accelerated C-beams (30-150 KeV microm(-1)) followed by heating at 44 degrees C. Cellular sensitivity was determined by colony-forming activity. Induction of apoptosis was analysed by Hoechst 33342 staining of apoptotic bodies and agarose-gel electrophoresis for the formation of DNA ladders. RESULTS It was found that (1) there was no significant difference in cellular sensitivity between SAS/neo and SAS/mp53 cells to LET radiation of >30 KeV microm(-1), although the radiosensitivity of SAS/neo cells to X-rays was higher (1.2-fold) than that of SAS/mp53 cells; (2) there was an interactive thermal enhancement of radiosensitivity below an LET of 70 KeV microm(-1) in SAS/neo cells, although only additive thermal enhancement was observed in SAS/mp53 cells through all LET levels examined; (3) low-LET radiation induced apoptosis only in SAS/neo cells; (4) high-LET radiation at an isosurvival dose-induced apoptosis of SAS/neo cells at a higher frequency compared with that with low-LET radiation; (5) high-LET radiation-induced p53-independent apoptosis in SAS/mp53 cells; and (6) thermal enhancement of cellular sensitivity to X-rays was due to induction of p53-dependent apoptosis. CONCLUSIONS The findings suggest that thermal enhancement of radiosensitivity may result from p53-dependent apoptosis induced by inhibition of p53-dependent cell survival system(s) through either regulation of the cell cycle or induction of DNA repair. It is also suggested that the analysis of p53 gene status of cancer cells may predict response to combined therapies with low-LET radiation and hyperthermia.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Takahashi
- Department of Biology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara 634-8521, Japan
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46
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Shao C, Aoki M, Furusawa Y. Medium-mediated bystander effects on HSG cells co-cultivated with cells irradiated by X-rays or a 290 MeV/u carbon beam. J Radiat Res 2001; 42:305-316. [PMID: 11840647 DOI: 10.1269/jrr.42.305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The mechanisms of medium-mediated bystander effects on cell survival and micronucleus (MN) induction were investigated by co-cultivating unirradiated HSG cells with cells irradiated by X-rays or 290 MeV/u carbon beams. It was found that the survival of the irradiated cells exponentially decreased along with the dose, and that the plating efficiency (PE) of the unirradiated recipient cells was obviously more enhanced than that of the control cells. Moreover, MN was induced in the unirradiated recipient cells and its yield had a maximum distribution corresponding to the donor dose, which was different from the linear-quadratic dose response of the yield of MN in the irradiated cells. The treatment of PTIO, a scavenger of nitric oxide (NO), decreased both PE and MN of the unirradiated recipient cells to control levels. Moreover, nitrite was detected in the co-culture medium, and its concentration was related to the donor dose. These results indicated that NO was involved in the above mentioned medium-mediated bystander effects. In addition, an equation was deduced to well fit the induction of MN of the unirradiated recipient cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Shao
- Heavy-Ion Radiobiology Research Group, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage, Chiba 263-8555, Japan.
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47
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Oya N, Sasai K, Shibata T, Takagi T, Shibuya K, Koike S, Nojima K, Furusawa Y, Ando K, Hiraoka M. Time course of reoxygenation in experimental murine tumors after carbon-beam and X-ray irradiation. J Radiat Res 2001; 42:131-141. [PMID: 11599880 DOI: 10.1269/jrr.42.131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
We compared the tumor reoxygenation patterns in three different murine tumor cell lines after X-irradiation with those after carbon-beam irradiation using a heavy-ion medical accelerator (HIMAC) system. The tumors of the cell lines SCCVII, SCCVII-variant-1 and EMT6 on the hind legs of mice received local priming irradiation with a carbon-beam (8 Gy, 73 keV/microm in LET, 290 MeV/u, 6 cm SOBP) or X-rays (13 Gy, 250 kVp). After various intervals, the mice were given whole-body test irradiation (16 Gy. 250 kVp X-ray) either in air or after they were killed. The hypoxic fractions were estimated as the proportions of the surviving fractions of the tumors in killed mice to those in air-breathing mice. In the SCCVII tumors, the hypoxic fractions at 0.5 h were 50% and 21% (p < 0.05) after the priming X-irradiation and carbon-beam irradiation, respectively. In the SCCVII-variant-1 tumors, the hypoxic fractions were 85% and 82% at 0.5 h, 84% and 20% at 12 h (p < 0.01), and 21% and 31% at 24 h after X-ray and after carbon-beam irradiation, respectively. In the EMT6 tumors, the reoxygenation patterns after X-irradiation and carbon-beam irradiation were quite similar. We concluded that the reoxygenation pattern differed among the three tumor cell lines, and that reoxygenation tended to occur more rapidly after carbon-beam irradiation than after X-irradiation for SCCVII and SCCVII-variant-1 tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Oya
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Shogoin, Japan.
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48
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Shigematsu N, Ihara N, Kawata T, Kawaguchi O, Takeda A, Ishibashi R, Kutsuki S, Kubo A, Kanai T, Furusawa Y, Isobe K, Uno T, Ito H. Cell killing and mutation induction by heavy ion beams. Int J Mol Med 2001; 7:509-13. [PMID: 11295113 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.7.5.509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbon beam radiotherapy for cancer patients was initiated in Japan in June 1994. This study attempts to clarify the radiobiological effects of heavy ion beams. In this study, human cancer cell lines (RMG-1, MDA-MB231) and V79 cells were used. The cell killing was determined by colony forming assay, and mutation induction was determined by counting the number of 6-thioguanine resistant colonies (hprt locus mutation assay). The cell lines were irradiated with carbon (20 or 80 keV/microm) or neon beams (80 keV/microm). Carbon ions with a higher LET value (80 keV/microm) had an enhanced cytotoxic effect compared to those with a lower LET value (20 keV/microm). Carbon beams produced a slightly stronger cytotoxic effect than neon beams when irradiated at the same LET level (80 keV/microm), but the difference was not remarkable. The mutant fraction was significantly higher in all cell lines when they were irradiated with heavy ion beams, compared to the results for X-ray irradiation. The mutant fraction increased when the LET of the carbon beams increased. At equivalent LET values, the mutant fraction was lower for neon beams than for carbon beams. Fractionation of carbon beam irradiation had no effect on survival, but reduced the mutant fraction. Neon beams might be more appropriate for heavy ion therapy, especially when higher doses are being used. In addition, the fractionation of heavy ion beam administration might be appropriate for reducing the mutant fraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Shigematsu
- Department of Radiology, Keio University, School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan.
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49
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Ando K, Furusawa Y, Suzuki M, Nojima K, Majima H, Koike S, Aoki M, Shimizu W, Futami Y, Ogino T, Murayama S, Ikeda H. Relative biological effectiveness of the 235 MeV proton beams at the National Cancer Center Hospital East. J Radiat Res 2001; 42:79-89. [PMID: 11393892 DOI: 10.1269/jrr.42.79] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
A therapy-dedicated cyclotron was installed in the National Cancer Center Hospital East (NCCHE) at Kashiwa in 1997. Prior to the start of clinical use, we investigated the biological effectiveness of therapeutic proton beams for cell lethality. The proton beams accelerated up to 235 MeV were horizontally extracted from the cyclotron, and scattered by a bar-ridge filter to produce a Spread-Out-Bragg-Peak (SOBP) of 10-cm width. The biological systems used here were mouse intestinal crypt cells and three in vitro cell lines, including SCC61 human squamous cell carcinoma, NB1RGB human fibroblasts and V79 Chinese hamster cells. The dose responses after irradiation at either the entrance plateau or the middle portion of SOBP were compared with those after linac 6 MV X-ray irradiation. The fit of a linear quadratic model to survival curves showed that proton irradiation increased the alpha value of SCC61 and the beta value of V79 cells with a least change for alpha/beta ratio of NB1RGB cells. The isoeffect dose that reduces either cell survivals to 10% or mouse jejunum crypts to 10 per circumference was termed D10. The relative biological effectiveness (RBE) of protons obtained by comparing the D10 values between protons and X-rays ranged from 0.9 to 1.2. The depth distribution of cell lethality was measured by replating V79 cells after irradiation from a "cell stack chamber" that received a single dose of 7 Gy at the middle position of SOBP. The thus-obtained cell survivals at various depths coincided well with the estimated survivals, but tended to decrease at the distal end of SOBP. We conclude that an RBE of 1.1 would be appropriate for 235 MeV proton beams at the NCCHE.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Ando
- Clinical Radiation Biology and International Space Radiation Laboratory, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan.
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50
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George K, Wu H, Willingham V, Furusawa Y, Kawata T, Cucinotta FA. High- and low-LET induced chromosome damage in human lymphocytes: a time-course of aberrations in metaphase and interphase. Int J Radiat Biol 2001; 77:175-83. [PMID: 11236924 DOI: 10.1080/0955300001003760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate how cell-cycle delays in human peripheral lymphocytes affect the expression of complex chromosome damage in metaphase following high- and low-LET radiation exposure. MATERIALS AND METHODS Whole blood was irradiated in vitro with a low and a high dose of 1 GeV u(-1) iron particles, 400MeV u(-1) neon particles or y-rays. Lymphocytes were cultured and metaphase cells were collected at different time points after 48-84h in culture. Interphase chromosomes were prematurely condensed using calyculin-A, either 48 or 72 h after exposure to iron particles or gamma-rays. Cells in first division were analysed using a combination of FISH whole-chromosome painting and DAPI/ Hoechst 33258 harlequin staining. RESULTS There was a delay in expression of chromosome damage in metaphase that was LET- and dose-dependant. This delay was mostly related to the late emergence of complex-type damage into metaphase. Yields of damage in PCC collected 48 h after irradiation with iron particles were similar to values obtained from cells undergoing mitosis after prolonged incubation. CONCLUSION The yield of high-LET radiation-induced complex chromosome damage could be underestimated when analysing metaphase cells collected at one time point after irradiation. Chemically induced PCC is a more accurate technique since problems with complicated cell-cycle delays are avoided.
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Affiliation(s)
- K George
- NASA Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center, Radiation Biophysics Laboratory, Houston, TX 77058, USA.
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