1
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Tamir H, Noy-Porat T, Melamed S, Cherry-Mimran L, Barlev-Gross M, Alcalay R, Yahalom-Ronen Y, Achdout H, Politi B, Erez N, Weiss S, Rosenfeld R, Epstein E, Mazor O, Makdasi E, Paran N, Israely T. Synergistic effect of two human-like monoclonal antibodies confers protection against orthopoxvirus infection. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3265. [PMID: 38627363 PMCID: PMC11021552 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47328-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
The eradication of smallpox was officially declared by the WHO in 1980, leading to discontinuation of the vaccination campaign against the virus. Consequently, immunity against smallpox and related orthopoxviruses like Monkeypox virus gradually declines, highlighting the need for efficient countermeasures not only for the prevention, but also for the treatment of already exposed individuals. We have recently developed human-like monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) from vaccinia virus-immunized non-human primates. Two mAbs, MV33 and EV42, targeting the two infectious forms of the virus, were selected for in vivo evaluation, based on their in vitro neutralization potency. A single dose of either MV33 or EV42 administered three days post-infection (dpi) to BALB/c female mice provides full protection against lethal ectromelia virus challenge. Importantly, a combination of both mAbs confers full protection even when provided five dpi. Whole-body bioimaging and viral load analysis reveal that combination of the two mAbs allows for faster and more efficient clearance of the virus from target organs compared to either MV33 or EV42 separately. The combined mAbs treatment further confers post-exposure protection against the currently circulating Monkeypox virus in Cast/EiJ female mice, highlighting their therapeutic potential against other orthopoxviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadas Tamir
- Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona, Israel
| | - Tal Noy-Porat
- Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona, Israel
| | - Sharon Melamed
- Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona, Israel
| | | | | | - Ron Alcalay
- Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona, Israel
| | | | - Hagit Achdout
- Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona, Israel
| | - Boaz Politi
- Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona, Israel
| | - Noam Erez
- Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona, Israel
| | - Shay Weiss
- Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona, Israel
| | - Ronit Rosenfeld
- Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona, Israel
| | - Eyal Epstein
- Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona, Israel
| | - Ohad Mazor
- Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona, Israel
| | - Efi Makdasi
- Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona, Israel
| | - Nir Paran
- Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona, Israel
| | - Tomer Israely
- Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona, Israel.
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2
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Erez N, Achdout H, Yahalom-Ronen Y, Adutler-Lieber S, Bar-On L, Bar-Haim E, Politi B, Vitner EB, Tamir H, Melamed S, Paran N, Israely T. Identification of T-Cell Epitopes Using a Combined In-Silico and Experimental Approach in a Mouse Model for SARS-CoV-2. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2023; 45:7944-7955. [PMID: 37886945 PMCID: PMC10605721 DOI: 10.3390/cimb45100502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Following viral infection, T-cells are crucial for an effective immune response to intracellular pathogens, including respiratory viruses. During the COVID-19 pandemic, diverse assays were required in pre-clinical trials to evaluate the immune response following vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 and assess the response following exposure to the virus. To assess the nature and potency of the cellular response to infection or vaccination, a reliable and specific activity assay was needed. A cellular activity assay based on the presentation of short peptides (epitopes) allows the identification of T cell epitopes displayed on different alleles of the MHC, shedding light on the strength of the immune response towards antigens and aiding in antigen design for vaccination. In this report, we describe two approaches for scanning T cell epitopes on the surface glycoprotein of the SARS-CoV-2 (spike), which is utilized for attachment and entry and serves as an antigen in many vaccine candidates. We demonstrate that epitope scanning is feasible using peptide libraries or computational scanning combined with a cellular activity assay. Our scans identified four CD8 T cell epitopes, including one novel undescribed epitope. These epitopes enabled us to establish a reliable T-cell response assay, which was examined and used in various experimental mouse models for SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination. These approaches could potentially aid in future antigen design for vaccination and establish cellular activity assays against uncharacterized antigens of emerging pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noam Erez
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness-Ziona 74100, Israel; (H.A.); (Y.Y.-R.); (S.A.-L.); (B.P.); (E.B.V.); (H.T.); (S.M.); (N.P.)
| | - Hagit Achdout
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness-Ziona 74100, Israel; (H.A.); (Y.Y.-R.); (S.A.-L.); (B.P.); (E.B.V.); (H.T.); (S.M.); (N.P.)
| | - Yfat Yahalom-Ronen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness-Ziona 74100, Israel; (H.A.); (Y.Y.-R.); (S.A.-L.); (B.P.); (E.B.V.); (H.T.); (S.M.); (N.P.)
| | - Shimrit Adutler-Lieber
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness-Ziona 74100, Israel; (H.A.); (Y.Y.-R.); (S.A.-L.); (B.P.); (E.B.V.); (H.T.); (S.M.); (N.P.)
| | - Liat Bar-On
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness-Ziona 74100, Israel; (L.B.-O.); (E.B.-H.)
| | - Erez Bar-Haim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness-Ziona 74100, Israel; (L.B.-O.); (E.B.-H.)
| | - Boaz Politi
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness-Ziona 74100, Israel; (H.A.); (Y.Y.-R.); (S.A.-L.); (B.P.); (E.B.V.); (H.T.); (S.M.); (N.P.)
| | - Einat B. Vitner
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness-Ziona 74100, Israel; (H.A.); (Y.Y.-R.); (S.A.-L.); (B.P.); (E.B.V.); (H.T.); (S.M.); (N.P.)
| | - Hadas Tamir
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness-Ziona 74100, Israel; (H.A.); (Y.Y.-R.); (S.A.-L.); (B.P.); (E.B.V.); (H.T.); (S.M.); (N.P.)
| | - Sharon Melamed
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness-Ziona 74100, Israel; (H.A.); (Y.Y.-R.); (S.A.-L.); (B.P.); (E.B.V.); (H.T.); (S.M.); (N.P.)
| | - Nir Paran
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness-Ziona 74100, Israel; (H.A.); (Y.Y.-R.); (S.A.-L.); (B.P.); (E.B.V.); (H.T.); (S.M.); (N.P.)
| | - Tomer Israely
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness-Ziona 74100, Israel; (H.A.); (Y.Y.-R.); (S.A.-L.); (B.P.); (E.B.V.); (H.T.); (S.M.); (N.P.)
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3
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Noy-Porat T, Tamir H, Alcalay R, Rosenfeld R, Epstein E, Cherry L, Achdout H, Erez N, Politi B, Yahalom-Ronen Y, Weiss S, Melamed S, Israely T, Mazor O, Paran N, Makdasi E. Generation of recombinant mAbs to vaccinia virus displaying high affinity and potent neutralization. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0159823. [PMID: 37737634 PMCID: PMC10581037 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01598-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Members of the Orthopoxvirus genus can cause severe infections in humans. Global vaccination against smallpox, caused by the variola virus, resulted in the eradication of the disease in 1980. Shortly thereafter, vaccination was discontinued, and as a result, a large proportion of the current population is not protected against orthopoxviruses. The concerns that the variola virus or other engineered forms of poxviruses may re-emerge as bioweapons and the sporadic outbreaks of zoonotic members of the family, such as Mpox, which are becoming more frequent and prevalent, also emphasize the need for an effective treatment against orthopoxviruses. To date, the most effective way to prevent or control an orthopoxvirus outbreak is through vaccination. However, the traditional vaccinia-based vaccine may cause severe side effects. Vaccinia immune globulin was approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of vaccine adverse reactions and was also used occasionally for the treatment of severe orthopoxvirus infections. However, this treatment carries many disadvantages and is also in short supply. Thus, a recombinant alternative is highly needed. In this study, two non-human primates were immunized with live vaccinia virus, producing a robust and diverse antibody response. A phage-display library was constructed based on the animal's lymphatic organs, and a panel of neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), recognizing diverse proteins of the vaccinia virus, was selected and characterized. These antibodies recognized both mature virion and enveloped virion forms of the virus and exhibited high affinity and potent in vitro neutralization capabilities. Furthermore, these monoclonal antibodies were able to neutralize Mpox 2018 and 2022 strains, suggesting a potential for cross-species protection. We suggest that a combination of these mAbs has the potential to serve as recombinant therapy both for vaccinia vaccine adverse reactions and for orthopoxvirus infections. IMPORTANCE In this manuscript, we report the isolation and characterization of several recombinant neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) identified by screening a phage-display library constructed from lymphatic cells collected from immunized non-human primates. The antibodies target several different antigens of the vaccinia virus, covering both mature virion and extracellular enveloped virion forms of the virus. We document strong evidence indicating that they exhibit excellent affinity to their respective antigens and, most importantly, optimal in vitro neutralization of the virus, which exceeded that of vaccinia immune globulin. Furthermore, we present the ability of these novel isolated mAbs (as well as the sera collected from vaccinia-immunized animals) to neutralize two Mpox strains from the 2018 to 2022 outbreaks. We believe that these antibodies have the potential to be used for the treatment of vaccinia vaccine adverse reactions, for other orthopoxvirus infections, and in cases of unexpected bioterror scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tal Noy-Porat
- Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona, Israel
| | - Hadas Tamir
- Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona, Israel
| | - Ron Alcalay
- Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona, Israel
| | - Ronit Rosenfeld
- Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona, Israel
| | - Eyal Epstein
- Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona, Israel
| | - Lilach Cherry
- Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona, Israel
| | - Hagit Achdout
- Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona, Israel
| | - Noam Erez
- Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona, Israel
| | - Boaz Politi
- Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona, Israel
| | | | - Shay Weiss
- Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona, Israel
| | - Sharon Melamed
- Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona, Israel
| | - Tomer Israely
- Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona, Israel
| | - Ohad Mazor
- Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona, Israel
| | - Nir Paran
- Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona, Israel
| | - Efi Makdasi
- Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona, Israel
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4
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Feldberg L, Zvi A, Yahalom-Ronen Y, Schuster O. Discriminative Identification of SARS-CoV-2 Variants Based on Mass-Spectrometry Analysis. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2373. [PMID: 37760814 PMCID: PMC10525290 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11092373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The spread of SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VOCs) is of great importance since genetic changes may increase transmissibility, disease severity and reduce vaccine effectiveness. Moreover, these changes may lead to failure of diagnostic measures. Therefore, variant-specific diagnostic methods are essential. To date, genetic sequencing is the gold-standard method to discriminate between variants. However, it is time-consuming (taking several days) and expensive. Therefore, the development of rapid diagnostic methods for SARS-CoV-2 in accordance with its genetic modification is of great importance. In this study we introduce a Mass Spectrometry (MS)-based methodology for the diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 in propagated in cell-culture. This methodology enables the universal identification of SARS-CoV-2, as well as variant-specific discrimination. The universal identification of SARS-CoV-2 is based on conserved markers shared by all variants, while the identification of specific variants relies on variant-specific markers. Determining a specific set of peptides for a given variant consists of a multistep procedure, starting with an in-silico search for variant-specific tryptic peptides, followed by a tryptic digest of a cell-cultured SARS-CoV-2 variant, and identification of these markers by HR-LC-MS/MS analysis. As a proof of concept, this approach was demonstrated for four representative VOCs compared to the wild-type Wuhan reference strain. For each variant, at least two unique markers, derived mainly from the spike (S) and nucleocapsid (N) viral proteins, were identified. This methodology is specific, rapid, easy to perform and inexpensive. Therefore, it can be applied as a diagnostic tool for pathogenic variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liron Feldberg
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Israel Institute for Biological Research (IIBR), Ness Ziona 74100, Israel
| | - Anat Zvi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Israel Institute for Biological Research (IIBR), Ness Ziona 74100, Israel;
| | - Yfat Yahalom-Ronen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Israel Institute for Biological Research (IIBR), Ness Ziona 74100, Israel;
| | - Ofir Schuster
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Israel Institute for Biological Research (IIBR), Ness Ziona 74100, Israel;
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5
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Yahalom-Ronen Y, Tamir H, Melamed S, Politi B, Achdout H, Erez N, Israeli O, Cohen-Gihon I, Chery Mimran L, Barlev-Gross M, Mandelboim M, Orr I, Feldmesser E, Weiss S, Beth-Din A, Paran N, Israely T. VSV-ΔG-Spike Candidate Vaccine Induces Protective Immunity and Protects K18-hACE2 Mice against SARS-CoV-2 Variants. Viruses 2023; 15:1364. [PMID: 37376662 DOI: 10.3390/v15061364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Since the emergence of the original SARS-CoV-2, several variants were described, raising questions as to the ability of recently developed vaccine platforms to induce immunity and provide protection against these variants. Here, we utilized the K18-hACE2 mouse model to show that VSV-ΔG-spike vaccination provides protection against several SARS-CoV-2 variants: alpha, beta, gamma, and delta. We show an overall robust immune response, regardless of variant identity, leading to reduction in viral load in target organs, prevention of morbidity and mortality, as well as prevention of severe brain immune response, which follows infection with various variants. Additionally, we provide a comprehensive comparison of the brain transcriptomic profile in response to infection with different variants of SARS-CoV-2 and show how vaccination prevents these disease manifestations. Taken together, these results highlight the robust VSV-ΔG-spike protective response against diverse SARS-CoV-2 variants, as well as its promising potential against newly arising variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yfat Yahalom-Ronen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona 74100, Israel
| | - Hadas Tamir
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona 74100, Israel
| | - Sharon Melamed
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona 74100, Israel
| | - Boaz Politi
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona 74100, Israel
| | - Hagit Achdout
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona 74100, Israel
| | - Noam Erez
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona 74100, Israel
| | - Ofir Israeli
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona 74100, Israel
| | - Inbar Cohen-Gihon
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona 74100, Israel
| | - Lilach Chery Mimran
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona 74100, Israel
| | - Moria Barlev-Gross
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona 74100, Israel
| | - Michal Mandelboim
- Central Virology Laboratory, Ministry of Health, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan 76100, Israel
| | - Irit Orr
- Bioinformatics Unit, Life Science Core Facilities, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 52621, Israel
| | - Ester Feldmesser
- Bioinformatics Unit, Life Science Core Facilities, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 52621, Israel
| | - Shay Weiss
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona 74100, Israel
| | - Adi Beth-Din
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona 74100, Israel
| | - Nir Paran
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona 74100, Israel
| | - Tomer Israely
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona 74100, Israel
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6
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Domovitz T, Ayoub S, Werbner M, Alter J, Izhaki Tavor L, Yahalom-Ronen Y, Tikhonov E, Meirson T, Maman Y, Paran N, Israely T, Dessau M, Gal-Tanamy M. HCV Infection Increases the Expression of ACE2 Receptor, Leading to Enhanced Entry of Both HCV and SARS-CoV-2 into Hepatocytes and a Coinfection State. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0115022. [PMID: 36314945 PMCID: PMC9769977 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01150-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies suggest the enhancement of liver injury in COVID-19 patients infected with Hepatitis C virus (HCV). Hepatocytes express low levels of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), the SARS-CoV-2 entry receptor, raising the possibility of HCV-SARS-CoV-2 coinfection in the liver. This work aimed to explore whether HCV and SARS-CoV-2 coinfect hepatocytes and the interplay between these viruses. We demonstrate that SARS-CoV-2 coinfects HCV-infected Huh7.5 (Huh7.5HCV) cells. Both viruses replicated efficiently in the coinfected cells, with HCV replication enhanced in coinfected compared to HCV-mono-infected cells. Strikingly, Huh7.5HCV cells were eight fold more susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 pseudoviruses than naive Huh7.5 cells, suggesting enhanced SARS-CoV-2 entry into HCV-preinfected hepatocytes. In addition, we observed increased binding of spike receptor-binding domain (RBD) protein to Huh7.5HCV cells, as well as enhanced cell-to-cell fusion of Huh7.5HCV cells with spike-expressing Huh7.5 cells. We explored the mechanism of enhanced SARS-CoV-2 entry and identified an increased ACE2 mRNA and protein levels in Huh7.5HCV cells, primary hepatocytes, and in data from infected liver biopsies obtained from database. Importantly, higher expression of ACE2 increased HCV infection by enhancing its binding to the host cell, underscoring its role in the HCV life cycle as well. Transcriptome analysis revealed that shared host signaling pathways were induced in HCV-SARS-CoV-2 coinfection. This study revealed complex interactions between HCV and SARS-CoV-2 infections in hepatocytes, which may lead to the increased liver damage recently reported in HCV-positive COVID-19 patients. IMPORTANCE Here, we provide the first experimental evidence for the coexistence of SARS-CoV-2 infection with HCV, and the interplay between them. The study revealed a complex relationship of enhancement between the two viruses, where HCV infection increased the expression of the SARS-CoV-2 entry receptor ACE2, thus facilitating SARS-CoV-2 entry, and potentially, also HCV entry. Thereafter, SARS-CoV-2 infection enhanced HCV replication in hepatocytes. This study may explain the aggravation of liver damage that was recently reported in COVID-19 patients with HCV coinfection and suggests preinfection with HCV as a risk factor for severe COVID-19. Moreover, it highlights the possible importance of HCV treatment for coinfected patients. In a broader view, these findings emphasize the importance of identifying coinfecting pathogens that increase the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection and that may accelerate COVID-19-related co-morbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom Domovitz
- Molecular Virology Lab, The Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel
| | - Samer Ayoub
- Molecular Virology Lab, The Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel
| | - Michal Werbner
- Molecular Virology Lab, The Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel
| | - Joel Alter
- The Laboratory of Structural Biology of Infectious Diseases, The Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel
| | - Lee Izhaki Tavor
- The Laboratory of Structural Biology of Infectious Diseases, The Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel
| | - Yfat Yahalom-Ronen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona, Israel
| | - Evgeny Tikhonov
- The Lab of Genomic Instability and Cancer, The Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel
| | - Tomer Meirson
- The Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel
- Davidoff Cancer Center, Rabin Medical Center-Beilinson Hospital, Petah Tikva, Israel
| | - Yaakov Maman
- The Lab of Genomic Instability and Cancer, The Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel
| | - Nir Paran
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona, Israel
| | - Tomer Israely
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona, Israel
| | - Moshe Dessau
- The Laboratory of Structural Biology of Infectious Diseases, The Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel
| | - Meital Gal-Tanamy
- Molecular Virology Lab, The Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel
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7
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Paran N, Yahalom-Ronen Y, Shifman O, Lazar S, Ben-Ami R, Yakubovsky M, Levy I, Wieder-Feinsod A, Amit S, Katzir M, Carmi-Oren N, Levcovich A, Hershman-Sarafov M, Paz A, Thomas R, Tamir H, Cherry-Mimran L, Erez N, Melamed S, Barlev-Gross M, Karmi S, Politi B, Achdout H, Weiss S, Levy H, Schuster O, Beth-Din A, Israely T. Monkeypox DNA levels correlate with virus infectivity in clinical samples, Israel, 2022. Euro Surveill 2022; 27. [PMID: 36052723 PMCID: PMC9438394 DOI: 10.2807/1560-7917.es.2022.27.35.2200636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The current monkeypox virus global spread and lack of data regarding clinical specimens' infectivity call for examining virus infectivity, and whether this correlates with results from PCR, the available diagnostic tool. We show strong correlation between viral DNA amount in clinical specimens and virus infectivity toward BSC-1 cell line. Moreover, we define a PCR threshold value (Cq ≥ 35, ≤ 4,300 DNA copies/mL), corresponding to negative viral cultures, which may assist risk-assessment and decision-making regarding protective-measures and guidelines for patients with monkeypox.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nir Paran
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness-Ziona, Israel
| | - Yfat Yahalom-Ronen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness-Ziona, Israel
| | - Ohad Shifman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness-Ziona, Israel
| | - Shirley Lazar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness-Ziona, Israel
| | - Ronen Ben-Ami
- Sackler medical school, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Infectious Diseases Department, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Michal Yakubovsky
- Infectious Diseases Department, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Itzchak Levy
- Sackler medical school, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Infectious Disease Unit, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Anat Wieder-Feinsod
- Sackler medical school, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Infectious Disease Unit, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Sharon Amit
- Clinical Microbiology, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Michal Katzir
- Sackler medical school, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Infectious Disease unit, Meir Medical Center, Kfar Saba, Israel
| | - Noga Carmi-Oren
- Infectious Disease unit, Shamir (Assaf Harofeh) Medical Center, Be'er Ya'akov, Israel
| | - Ariela Levcovich
- Infectious Disease unit, Shamir (Assaf Harofeh) Medical Center, Be'er Ya'akov, Israel
| | - Mirit Hershman-Sarafov
- Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel.,Infectious Disease and Control Unit, Bnai Zion Medical Center, Haifa, Israel
| | - Alona Paz
- Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel.,Infectious Disease and Control Unit, Bnai Zion Medical Center, Haifa, Israel
| | - Rebecca Thomas
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Rabin Medical Center, Beilinson Hospital, Petah Tikva, Israel
| | - Hadas Tamir
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness-Ziona, Israel
| | - Lilach Cherry-Mimran
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness-Ziona, Israel
| | - Noam Erez
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness-Ziona, Israel
| | - Sharon Melamed
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness-Ziona, Israel
| | - Moria Barlev-Gross
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness-Ziona, Israel
| | - Shay Karmi
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness-Ziona, Israel
| | - Boaz Politi
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness-Ziona, Israel
| | - Hagit Achdout
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness-Ziona, Israel
| | - Shay Weiss
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness-Ziona, Israel
| | - Haim Levy
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness-Ziona, Israel
| | - Ofir Schuster
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness-Ziona, Israel
| | - Adi Beth-Din
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness-Ziona, Israel
| | - Tomer Israely
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness-Ziona, Israel
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8
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Fisher T, Gluck A, Narayanan K, Kuroda M, Nachshon A, Hsu JC, Halfmann PJ, Yahalom-Ronen Y, Tamir H, Finkel Y, Schwartz M, Weiss S, Tseng CTK, Israely T, Paran N, Kawaoka Y, Makino S, Stern-Ginossar N. Parsing the role of NSP1 in SARS-CoV-2 infection. Cell Rep 2022; 39:110954. [PMID: 35671758 PMCID: PMC9133101 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) leads to shutoff of protein synthesis, and nsp1, a central shutoff factor in coronaviruses, inhibits cellular mRNA translation. However, the diverse molecular mechanisms employed by nsp1 as well as its functional importance are unresolved. By overexpressing various nsp1 mutants and generating a SARS-CoV-2 mutant, we show that nsp1, through inhibition of translation and induction of mRNA degradation, targets translated cellular mRNA and is the main driver of host shutoff during infection. The propagation of nsp1 mutant virus is inhibited exclusively in cells with intact interferon (IFN) pathway as well as in vivo, in hamsters, and this attenuation is associated with stronger induction of type I IFN response. Therefore, although nsp1's shutoff activity is broad, it plays an essential role, specifically in counteracting the IFN response. Overall, our results reveal the multifaceted approach nsp1 uses to shut off cellular protein synthesis and uncover nsp1's explicit role in blocking the IFN response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tal Fisher
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Avi Gluck
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Krishna Narayanan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555-1019, USA
| | - Makoto Kuroda
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53711, USA
| | - Aharon Nachshon
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Jason C Hsu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555-1019, USA
| | - Peter J Halfmann
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53711, USA
| | - Yfat Yahalom-Ronen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona 74100, Israel
| | - Hadas Tamir
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona 74100, Israel
| | - Yaara Finkel
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Michal Schwartz
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Shay Weiss
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona 74100, Israel
| | - Chien-Te K Tseng
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555-1019, USA; Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555-1019, USA
| | - Tomer Israely
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona 74100, Israel
| | - Nir Paran
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona 74100, Israel.
| | - Yoshihiro Kawaoka
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53711, USA; Department of Virology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan; The Research Center for Global Viral Diseases, National Center for Global Health and Medicine Research Institute, Tokyo 162-8655, Japan.
| | - Shinji Makino
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555-1019, USA; Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555-1019, USA.
| | - Noam Stern-Ginossar
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel.
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9
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Israeli M, Finkel Y, Yahalom-Ronen Y, Paran N, Chitlaru T, Israeli O, Cohen-Gihon I, Aftalion M, Falach R, Rotem S, Elia U, Nemet I, Kliker L, Mandelboim M, Beth-Din A, Israely T, Cohen O, Stern-Ginossar N, Bercovich-Kinori A. Genome-wide CRISPR screens identify GATA6 as a proviral host factor for SARS-CoV-2 via modulation of ACE2. Nat Commun 2022; 13:2237. [PMID: 35469023 PMCID: PMC9039069 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-29896-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The global spread of SARS-CoV-2 led to major economic and health challenges worldwide. Revealing host genes essential for infection by multiple variants of SARS-CoV-2 can provide insights into the virus pathogenesis, and facilitate the development of novel therapeutics. Here, employing a genome-scale CRISPR screen, we provide a comprehensive data-set of cellular factors that are exploited by wild type SARS-CoV-2 as well as two additional recently emerged variants of concerns (VOCs), Alpha and Beta. We identified several host factors critical for SARS-CoV-2 infection, including various components belonging to the Clathrin-dependent transport pathway, ubiquitination, Heparan sulfate biogenesis and host phosphatidylglycerol biosynthesis. Comparative analysis of the different VOCs revealed the host factors KREMEN2 and SETDB1 as potential unique candidates required only to the Alpha variant. Furthermore, the analysis identified GATA6, a zinc finger transcription factor, as an essential proviral gene for all variants inspected. We show that GATA6 directly regulates ACE2 transcription and accordingly, is critical for SARS-CoV-2 cell entry. Analysis of clinical samples collected from SARS-CoV-2 infected individuals shows elevated levels of GATA6, suggesting a role in COVID-19 pathogenesis. Finally, pharmacological inhibition of GATA6 resulted in down-modulation of ACE2 and inhibition of viral infectivity. Overall, we show GATA6 may represent a target for the development of anti-SARS-CoV-2 therapeutic strategies and reaffirm the value of the CRISPR loss-of-function screens in providing a list of potential new targets for therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ma'ayan Israeli
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona, Israel
| | - Yaara Finkel
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Yfat Yahalom-Ronen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona, Israel
| | - Nir Paran
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona, Israel
| | - Theodor Chitlaru
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona, Israel
| | - Ofir Israeli
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona, Israel
| | - Inbar Cohen-Gihon
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona, Israel
| | - Moshe Aftalion
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona, Israel
| | - Reut Falach
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona, Israel
| | - Shahar Rotem
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona, Israel
| | - Uri Elia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona, Israel
| | - Ital Nemet
- Central Virology Laboratory, Public Health Services, Ministry of Health and Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Limor Kliker
- Central Virology Laboratory, Public Health Services, Ministry of Health and Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Michal Mandelboim
- Central Virology Laboratory, Public Health Services, Ministry of Health and Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Adi Beth-Din
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona, Israel
| | - Tomer Israely
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona, Israel
| | - Ofer Cohen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona, Israel
| | - Noam Stern-Ginossar
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Adi Bercovich-Kinori
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona, Israel.
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10
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Strobelt R, Adler J, Paran N, Yahalom-Ronen Y, Melamed S, Politi B, Shulman Z, Schmiedel D, Shaul Y. Imatinib inhibits SARS-CoV-2 infection by an off-target-mechanism. Sci Rep 2022; 12:5758. [PMID: 35388061 PMCID: PMC8984672 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-09664-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the causal agent of the COVID-19 pandemic. More than 274 million individuals have suffered from COVID-19 and over five million people have died from this disease so far. Therefore, there is an urgent need for therapeutic drugs. Repurposing FDA approved drugs should be favored since evaluation of safety and efficacy of de-novo drug design are both costly and time consuming. We report that imatinib, an Abl tyrosine kinase inhibitor, robustly decreases SARS-CoV-2 infection and uncover a mechanism of action. We show that imatinib inhibits the infection of SARS-CoV-2 and its surrogate lentivector pseudotype. In latter, imatinib inhibited both routes of viral entry, endocytosis and membrane-fusion. We utilized a system to quantify in real-time cell-cell membrane fusion mediated by the SARS-CoV-2 surface protein, Spike, and its receptor, hACE2, to demonstrate that imatinib inhibits this process in an Abl1 and Abl2 independent manner. Furthermore, cellular thermal shift assay revealed a direct imatinib-Spike interaction that affects Spike susceptibility to trypsin digest. Collectively, our data suggest that imatinib inhibits Spike mediated viral entry by an off-target mechanism. These findings mark imatinib as a promising therapeutic drug in inhibiting the early steps of SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romano Strobelt
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Julia Adler
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Nir Paran
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona, Israel
| | - Yfat Yahalom-Ronen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona, Israel
| | - Sharon Melamed
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona, Israel
| | - Boaz Politi
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona, Israel
| | - Ziv Shulman
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Dominik Schmiedel
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
- Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Yosef Shaul
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.
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11
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Fisher T, Gluck A, Narayanan K, Kuroda M, Nachshon A, Hsu JC, Halfmann PJ, Yahalom-Ronen Y, Finkel Y, Schwartz M, Weiss S, Tseng CTK, Israely T, Paran N, Kawaoka Y, Makino S, Stern-Ginossar N. Parsing the role of NSP1 in SARS-CoV-2 infection. bioRxiv 2022:2022.03.14.484208. [PMID: 35313595 PMCID: PMC8936099 DOI: 10.1101/2022.03.14.484208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the cause of the ongoing coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) pandemic. Despite its urgency, we still do not fully understand the molecular basis of SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis and its ability to antagonize innate immune responses. SARS-CoV-2 leads to shutoff of cellular protein synthesis and over-expression of nsp1, a central shutoff factor in coronaviruses, inhibits cellular gene translation. However, the diverse molecular mechanisms nsp1 employs as well as its functional importance in infection are still unresolved. By overexpressing various nsp1 mutants and generating a SARS-CoV-2 mutant in which nsp1 does not bind ribosomes, we untangle the effects of nsp1. We uncover that nsp1, through inhibition of translation and induction of mRNA degradation, is the main driver of host shutoff during SARS-CoV-2 infection. Furthermore, we find the propagation of nsp1 mutant virus is inhibited specifically in cells with intact interferon (IFN) response as well as in-vivo , in infected hamsters, and this attenuation is associated with stronger induction of type I IFN response. This illustrates that nsp1 shutoff activity has an essential role mainly in counteracting the IFN response. Overall, our results reveal the multifaceted approach nsp1 uses to shut off cellular protein synthesis and uncover the central role it plays in SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis, explicitly through blockage of the IFN response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tal Fisher
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
- T. Fisher, A. Gluck, K. Narayanan, and K. Makoto contributed equally to the studies
| | - Avi Gluck
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
- T. Fisher, A. Gluck, K. Narayanan, and K. Makoto contributed equally to the studies
| | - Krishna Narayanan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555-1019, USA
- T. Fisher, A. Gluck, K. Narayanan, and K. Makoto contributed equally to the studies
| | - Makoto Kuroda
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53711, USA
- T. Fisher, A. Gluck, K. Narayanan, and K. Makoto contributed equally to the studies
| | - Aharon Nachshon
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Jason C. Hsu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555-1019, USA
| | - Peter J. Halfmann
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53711, USA
| | - Yfat Yahalom-Ronen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona 74100, Israel
| | - Yaara Finkel
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Michal Schwartz
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Shay Weiss
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona 74100, Israel
| | - Chien-Te K. Tseng
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555-1019, USA
- Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555-1019, USA
| | - Tomer Israely
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona 74100, Israel
| | - Nir Paran
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona 74100, Israel
| | - Yoshihiro Kawaoka
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53711, USA
- Department of Virology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, 108-8639 Tokyo, Japan
- The Research Center for Global Viral Diseases, National Center for Global Health and Medicine Research Institute, 162-8655 Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinji Makino
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555-1019, USA
- Department of Virology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, 108-8639 Tokyo, Japan
| | - Noam Stern-Ginossar
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
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12
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Yahalom-Ronen Y, Erez N, Fisher M, Tamir H, Politi B, Achdout H, Melamed S, Glinert I, Weiss S, Cohen-Gihon I, Israeli O, Izak M, Mandelboim M, Caraco Y, Madar-Balakirski N, Mechaly A, Shinar E, Zichel R, Cohen D, Beth-Din A, Zvi A, Marcus H, Israely T, Paran N. Neutralization of SARS-CoV-2 Variants by rVSV-ΔG-Spike-Elicited Human Sera. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10020291. [PMID: 35214749 PMCID: PMC8879449 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10020291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The emergence of rapidly spreading variants of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) poses a major challenge to the ability of vaccines and therapeutic antibodies to provide immunity. These variants contain mutations of specific amino acids that might impede vaccine efficacy. BriLife® (rVSV-ΔG-spike) is a newly developed SARS-CoV-2 vaccine candidate currently in phase II clinical trials. It is based on a replication-competent vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) platform. The rVSV-ΔG-spike contains several spontaneously acquired spike mutations that correspond to SARS-CoV-2 variants’ mutations. We show that human sera from BriLife® vaccinees preserve comparable neutralization titers towards alpha, gamma, and delta variants and show less than a three-fold reduction in the neutralization capacity of beta and omicron compared to the original virus. Taken together, we show that human sera from BriLife® vaccinees overall maintain a neutralizing antibody response against all tested variants. We suggest that BriLife®-acquired mutations may prove advantageous against future SARS-CoV-2 VOCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yfat Yahalom-Ronen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona 7410001, Israel; (Y.Y.-R.); (N.E.); (M.F.); (H.T.); (B.P.); (H.A.); (S.M.); (I.G.); (S.W.); (A.M.); (T.I.)
| | - Noam Erez
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona 7410001, Israel; (Y.Y.-R.); (N.E.); (M.F.); (H.T.); (B.P.); (H.A.); (S.M.); (I.G.); (S.W.); (A.M.); (T.I.)
| | - Morly Fisher
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona 7410001, Israel; (Y.Y.-R.); (N.E.); (M.F.); (H.T.); (B.P.); (H.A.); (S.M.); (I.G.); (S.W.); (A.M.); (T.I.)
| | - Hadas Tamir
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona 7410001, Israel; (Y.Y.-R.); (N.E.); (M.F.); (H.T.); (B.P.); (H.A.); (S.M.); (I.G.); (S.W.); (A.M.); (T.I.)
| | - Boaz Politi
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona 7410001, Israel; (Y.Y.-R.); (N.E.); (M.F.); (H.T.); (B.P.); (H.A.); (S.M.); (I.G.); (S.W.); (A.M.); (T.I.)
| | - Hagit Achdout
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona 7410001, Israel; (Y.Y.-R.); (N.E.); (M.F.); (H.T.); (B.P.); (H.A.); (S.M.); (I.G.); (S.W.); (A.M.); (T.I.)
| | - Sharon Melamed
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona 7410001, Israel; (Y.Y.-R.); (N.E.); (M.F.); (H.T.); (B.P.); (H.A.); (S.M.); (I.G.); (S.W.); (A.M.); (T.I.)
| | - Itai Glinert
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona 7410001, Israel; (Y.Y.-R.); (N.E.); (M.F.); (H.T.); (B.P.); (H.A.); (S.M.); (I.G.); (S.W.); (A.M.); (T.I.)
| | - Shay Weiss
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona 7410001, Israel; (Y.Y.-R.); (N.E.); (M.F.); (H.T.); (B.P.); (H.A.); (S.M.); (I.G.); (S.W.); (A.M.); (T.I.)
| | - Inbar Cohen-Gihon
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona 7410001, Israel; (I.C.-G.); (O.I.); (A.B.-D.); (A.Z.)
| | - Ofir Israeli
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona 7410001, Israel; (I.C.-G.); (O.I.); (A.B.-D.); (A.Z.)
| | - Marina Izak
- Magen David Adom, National Blood Services, Ramat Gan 52621, Israel; (M.I.); (E.S.)
| | - Michal Mandelboim
- Sheba Medical Center, Central Virology Laboratory, Ministry of Health, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan 52621, Israel;
| | | | - Noa Madar-Balakirski
- Department of Pharmacology, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona 7410001, Israel;
| | - Adva Mechaly
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona 7410001, Israel; (Y.Y.-R.); (N.E.); (M.F.); (H.T.); (B.P.); (H.A.); (S.M.); (I.G.); (S.W.); (A.M.); (T.I.)
| | - Eilat Shinar
- Magen David Adom, National Blood Services, Ramat Gan 52621, Israel; (M.I.); (E.S.)
| | - Ran Zichel
- Department of Biotechnology, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona 7410001, Israel; (R.Z.); (H.M.)
| | - Daniel Cohen
- School of Public Health, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 69978, Israel;
| | - Adi Beth-Din
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona 7410001, Israel; (I.C.-G.); (O.I.); (A.B.-D.); (A.Z.)
| | - Anat Zvi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona 7410001, Israel; (I.C.-G.); (O.I.); (A.B.-D.); (A.Z.)
| | - Hadar Marcus
- Department of Biotechnology, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona 7410001, Israel; (R.Z.); (H.M.)
| | - Tomer Israely
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona 7410001, Israel; (Y.Y.-R.); (N.E.); (M.F.); (H.T.); (B.P.); (H.A.); (S.M.); (I.G.); (S.W.); (A.M.); (T.I.)
| | - Nir Paran
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona 7410001, Israel; (Y.Y.-R.); (N.E.); (M.F.); (H.T.); (B.P.); (H.A.); (S.M.); (I.G.); (S.W.); (A.M.); (T.I.)
- Correspondence:
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13
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Tamir H, Melamed S, Erez N, Politi B, Yahalom-Ronen Y, Achdout H, Lazar S, Gutman H, Avraham R, Weiss S, Paran N, Israely T. Induction of Innate Immune Response by TLR3 Agonist Protects Mice against SARS-CoV-2 Infection. Viruses 2022; 14:v14020189. [PMID: 35215785 PMCID: PMC8878863 DOI: 10.3390/v14020189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2, a member of the coronavirus family, is the causative agent of the COVID-19 pandemic. Currently, there is still an urgent need in developing an efficient therapeutic intervention. In this study, we aimed at evaluating the therapeutic effect of a single intranasal treatment of the TLR3/MDA5 synthetic agonist Poly(I:C) against a lethal dose of SARS-CoV-2 in K18-hACE2 transgenic mice. We demonstrate here that early Poly(I:C) treatment acts synergistically with SARS-CoV-2 to induce an intense, immediate and transient upregulation of innate immunity-related genes in lungs. This effect is accompanied by viral load reduction, lung and brain cytokine storms prevention and increased levels of macrophages and NK cells, resulting in 83% mice survival, concomitantly with long-term immunization. Thus, priming the lung innate immunity by Poly(I:C) or alike may provide an immediate, efficient and safe protective measure against SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadas Tamir
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Israel Institute for Biological Research, P.O. Box 19, Ness Ziona 7410001, Israel; (H.T.); (S.M.); (N.E.); (B.P.); (Y.Y.-R.); (H.A.); (R.A.); (S.W.); (N.P.)
| | - Sharon Melamed
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Israel Institute for Biological Research, P.O. Box 19, Ness Ziona 7410001, Israel; (H.T.); (S.M.); (N.E.); (B.P.); (Y.Y.-R.); (H.A.); (R.A.); (S.W.); (N.P.)
| | - Noam Erez
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Israel Institute for Biological Research, P.O. Box 19, Ness Ziona 7410001, Israel; (H.T.); (S.M.); (N.E.); (B.P.); (Y.Y.-R.); (H.A.); (R.A.); (S.W.); (N.P.)
| | - Boaz Politi
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Israel Institute for Biological Research, P.O. Box 19, Ness Ziona 7410001, Israel; (H.T.); (S.M.); (N.E.); (B.P.); (Y.Y.-R.); (H.A.); (R.A.); (S.W.); (N.P.)
| | - Yfat Yahalom-Ronen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Israel Institute for Biological Research, P.O. Box 19, Ness Ziona 7410001, Israel; (H.T.); (S.M.); (N.E.); (B.P.); (Y.Y.-R.); (H.A.); (R.A.); (S.W.); (N.P.)
| | - Hagit Achdout
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Israel Institute for Biological Research, P.O. Box 19, Ness Ziona 7410001, Israel; (H.T.); (S.M.); (N.E.); (B.P.); (Y.Y.-R.); (H.A.); (R.A.); (S.W.); (N.P.)
| | - Shlomi Lazar
- Department of Pharmacology, Israel Institute for Biological Research, P.O. Box 19, Ness Ziona 7410001, Israel; (S.L.); (H.G.)
| | - Hila Gutman
- Department of Pharmacology, Israel Institute for Biological Research, P.O. Box 19, Ness Ziona 7410001, Israel; (S.L.); (H.G.)
| | - Roy Avraham
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Israel Institute for Biological Research, P.O. Box 19, Ness Ziona 7410001, Israel; (H.T.); (S.M.); (N.E.); (B.P.); (Y.Y.-R.); (H.A.); (R.A.); (S.W.); (N.P.)
| | - Shay Weiss
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Israel Institute for Biological Research, P.O. Box 19, Ness Ziona 7410001, Israel; (H.T.); (S.M.); (N.E.); (B.P.); (Y.Y.-R.); (H.A.); (R.A.); (S.W.); (N.P.)
| | - Nir Paran
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Israel Institute for Biological Research, P.O. Box 19, Ness Ziona 7410001, Israel; (H.T.); (S.M.); (N.E.); (B.P.); (Y.Y.-R.); (H.A.); (R.A.); (S.W.); (N.P.)
| | - Tomer Israely
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Israel Institute for Biological Research, P.O. Box 19, Ness Ziona 7410001, Israel; (H.T.); (S.M.); (N.E.); (B.P.); (Y.Y.-R.); (H.A.); (R.A.); (S.W.); (N.P.)
- Correspondence:
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14
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Madar-Balakirski N, Rosner A, Melamed S, Politi B, Steiner M, Tamir H, Yahalom-Ronen Y, Bar-David E, Ben-Shmuel A, Sittner A, Glinert I, Weiss S, Bar-Haim E, Cohen H, Elia U, Achdout H, Erez N, Rotem S, Lazar S, Nyska A, Yitzhaki S, Beth-Din A, Levy H, Paran N, Israely T, Marcus H. Preliminary nonclinical safety and immunogenicity of an rVSV-ΔG-SARS-CoV-2-S vaccine in mice, hamsters, rabbits and pigs. Arch Toxicol 2022; 96:859-875. [PMID: 35032184 PMCID: PMC8760087 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-021-03214-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
rVSV-ΔG-SARS-CoV-2-S is a clinical stage (Phase 2) replication competent recombinant vaccine against SARS-CoV-2. To evaluate the safety profile of the vaccine, a series of non-clinical safety, immunogenicity and efficacy studies were conducted in four animal species, using multiple doses (up to 108 Plaque Forming Units/animal) and dosing regimens. There were no treatment-related mortalities or any noticeable clinical signs in any of the studies. Compared to unvaccinated controls, hematology and biochemistry parameters were unremarkable and no adverse histopathological findings. There was no detectable viral shedding in urine, nor viral RNA detected in whole blood or serum samples seven days post vaccination. The rVSV-ΔG-SARS-CoV-2-S vaccination gave rise to neutralizing antibodies, cellular immune responses, and increased lymphocytic cellularity in the spleen germinal centers and regional lymph nodes. No evidence for neurovirulence was found in C57BL/6 immune competent mice or in highly sensitive type I interferon knock-out mice. Vaccine virus replication and distribution in K18-human Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2-transgenic mice showed a gradual clearance from the vaccination site with no vaccine virus recovered from the lungs. The nonclinical data suggest that the rVSV-ΔG-SARS-CoV-2-S vaccine is safe and immunogenic. These results supported the initiation of clinical trials, currently in Phase 2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noa Madar-Balakirski
- Department of Pharmacology, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona, Israel
| | - Amir Rosner
- Veterinary Center for Preclinical Research, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona, Israel
| | - Sharon Melamed
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona, Israel
| | - Boaz Politi
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona, Israel
| | | | - Hadas Tamir
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona, Israel
| | - Yfat Yahalom-Ronen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona, Israel
| | - Elad Bar-David
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona, Israel
| | - Amir Ben-Shmuel
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona, Israel
| | - Assa Sittner
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona, Israel
| | - Itai Glinert
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona, Israel
| | - Shay Weiss
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona, Israel
| | - Erez Bar-Haim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona, Israel
| | - Hila Cohen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona, Israel
| | - Uri Elia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona, Israel
| | - Hagit Achdout
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona, Israel
| | - Noam Erez
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona, Israel
| | - Shahar Rotem
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona, Israel
| | - Shlomi Lazar
- Department of Pharmacology, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona, Israel
| | - Abraham Nyska
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, and Consultant in Toxicologic Pathology, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Shmuel Yitzhaki
- Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona, Israel
| | - Adi Beth-Din
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona, Israel
| | - Haim Levy
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona, Israel
| | - Nir Paran
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona, Israel
| | - Tomer Israely
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona, Israel.
| | - Hadar Marcus
- Department of Biotechnology, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona, Israel.
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15
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Jansen J, Reimer KC, Nagai JS, Varghese FS, Overheul GJ, de Beer M, Roverts R, Daviran D, Fermin LA, Willemsen B, Beukenboom M, Djudjaj S, von Stillfried S, van Eijk LE, Mastik M, Bulthuis M, Dunnen WD, van Goor H, Hillebrands JL, Triana SH, Alexandrov T, Timm MC, van den Berge BT, van den Broek M, Nlandu Q, Heijnert J, Bindels EM, Hoogenboezem RM, Mooren F, Kuppe C, Miesen P, Grünberg K, Ijzermans T, Steenbergen EJ, Czogalla J, Schreuder MF, Sommerdijk N, Akiva A, Boor P, Puelles VG, Floege J, Huber TB, van Rij RP, Costa IG, Schneider RK, Smeets B, Kramann R, Achdout H, Aimon A, Bar-David E, Barr H, Ben-Shmuel A, Bennett J, Boby ML, Borden B, Bowman GR, Brun J, BVNBS S, Calmiano M, Carbery A, Cattermole E, Chernychenko E, Choder JD, Clyde A, Coffland JE, Cohen G, Cole J, Contini A, Cox L, Cvitkovic M, Dias A, Donckers K, Dotson DL, Douangamath A, Duberstein S, Dudgeon T, Dunnett L, Eastman PK, Erez N, Eyermann CJ, Fairhead M, Fate G, Fearon D, Federov O, Ferla M, Fernandes RS, Ferrins L, Foster R, Foster H, Gabizon R, Garcia-Sastre A, Gawriljuk VO, Gehrtz P, Gileadi C, Giroud C, Glass WG, Glen R, Itai glinert, Godoy AS, Gorichko M, Gorrie-Stone T, Griffen EJ, Hart SH, Heer J, Henry M, Hill M, Horrell S, Hurley MF, Israely T, Jajack A, Jnoff E, Jochmans D, John T, De Jonghe S, Kantsadi AL, Kenny PW, Kiappes J, Koekemoer L, Kovar B, Krojer T, Lee AA, Lefker BA, Levy H, London N, Lukacik P, Macdonald HB, Maclean B, Malla TR, Matviiuk T, McCorkindale W, McGovern BL, Melamed S, Michurin O, Mikolajek H, Milne BF, Morris A, Morris GM, Morwitzer MJ, Moustakas D, Nakamura AM, Neto JB, Neyts J, Nguyen L, Noske GD, Oleinikovas V, Oliva G, Overheul GJ, Owen D, Psenak V, Pai R, Pan J, Paran N, Perry B, Pingle M, Pinjari J, Politi B, Powell A, Puni R, Rangel VL, Reddi RN, Reid SP, Resnick E, Ripka EG, Robinson MC, Robinson RP, Rodriguez-Guerra J, Rosales R, Rufa D, Schofield C, Shafeev M, Shaikh A, Shi J, Shurrush K, Sing S, Sittner A, Skyner R, Smalley A, Smilova MD, Solmesky LJ, Spencer J, Strain-Damarell C, Swamy V, Tamir H, Tennant R, Thompson W, Thompson A, Thompson W, Tomasia S, Tumber A, Vakonakis I, van Rij RP, van Geel L, Varghese FS, Vaschetto M, Vitner EB, Voelz V, Volkamer A, von Delft F, von Delft A, Walsh M, Ward W, Weatherall C, Weiss S, White KM, Wild CF, Wittmann M, Wright N, Yahalom-Ronen Y, Zaidmann D, Zidane H, Zitzmann N. SARS-CoV-2 infects the human kidney and drives fibrosis in kidney organoids. Cell Stem Cell 2021; 29:217-231.e8. [PMID: 35032430 PMCID: PMC8709832 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2021.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Kidney failure is frequently observed during and after COVID-19, but it remains elusive whether this is a direct effect of the virus. Here, we report that SARS-CoV-2 directly infects kidney cells and is associated with increased tubule-interstitial kidney fibrosis in patient autopsy samples. To study direct effects of the virus on the kidney independent of systemic effects of COVID-19, we infected human-induced pluripotent stem-cell-derived kidney organoids with SARS-CoV-2. Single-cell RNA sequencing indicated injury and dedifferentiation of infected cells with activation of profibrotic signaling pathways. Importantly, SARS-CoV-2 infection also led to increased collagen 1 protein expression in organoids. A SARS-CoV-2 protease inhibitor was able to ameliorate the infection of kidney cells by SARS-CoV-2. Our results suggest that SARS-CoV-2 can directly infect kidney cells and induce cell injury with subsequent fibrosis. These data could explain both acute kidney injury in COVID-19 patients and the development of chronic kidney disease in long COVID. COVID-19 patients present tubulo-interstitial kidney fibrosis compared with controls SARS-CoV-2 infection stimulates profibrotic signaling in human kidney organoids SARS-CoV-2 infection can be inhibited by a protease blocker in human kidney organoids
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16
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Melamed S, Politi B, Grauer E, Achdout H, Aftalion M, Gur D, Tamir H, Yahalom-Ronen Y, Maimon S, Yitzhak E, Weiss S, Rosner A, Erez N, Yitzhaki S, Shapira SC, Paran N, Mamroud E, Vagima Y, Israely T. Monitoring Group Activity of Hamsters and Mice as a Novel Tool to Evaluate COVID-19 Progression, Convalescence, and rVSV-ΔG-Spike Vaccination Efficacy. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:737627. [PMID: 34660558 PMCID: PMC8517107 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.737627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic initiated a worldwide race toward the development of treatments and vaccines. Small animal models included the Syrian golden hamster and the K18-hACE2 mice infected with SARS-CoV-2 to display a disease state with some aspects of human COVID-19. A group activity of animals in their home cage continuously monitored by the HCMS100 (Home cage Monitoring System 100) was used as a sensitive marker of disease, successfully detecting morbidity symptoms of SARS-CoV-2 infection in hamsters and in K18-hACE2 mice. COVID-19 convalescent hamsters rechallenged with SARS-CoV-2 exhibited minor reduction in group activity compared to naive hamsters. To evaluate the rVSV-ΔG-spike vaccination efficacy against SARS-CoV-2, we used the HCMS100 to monitor the group activity of hamsters in their home cage. A single-dose rVSV-ΔG-spike vaccination of the immunized group showed a faster recovery than the nonimmunized infected hamsters, substantiating the efficacy of rVSV-ΔG-spike vaccine. HCMS100 offers nonintrusive, hands-free monitoring of a number of home cages of hamsters or mice modeling COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon Melamed
- Israel Institute for Biological Research (IIBR), Ness-Ziona, Israel
| | - Boaz Politi
- Israel Institute for Biological Research (IIBR), Ness-Ziona, Israel
| | - Ettie Grauer
- Israel Institute for Biological Research (IIBR), Ness-Ziona, Israel
| | - Hagit Achdout
- Israel Institute for Biological Research (IIBR), Ness-Ziona, Israel
| | - Moshe Aftalion
- Israel Institute for Biological Research (IIBR), Ness-Ziona, Israel
| | - David Gur
- Israel Institute for Biological Research (IIBR), Ness-Ziona, Israel
| | - Hadas Tamir
- Israel Institute for Biological Research (IIBR), Ness-Ziona, Israel
| | | | - Shlomy Maimon
- Israel Institute for Biological Research (IIBR), Ness-Ziona, Israel
| | - Efi Yitzhak
- Israel Institute for Biological Research (IIBR), Ness-Ziona, Israel
| | - Shay Weiss
- Israel Institute for Biological Research (IIBR), Ness-Ziona, Israel
| | - Amir Rosner
- Israel Institute for Biological Research (IIBR), Ness-Ziona, Israel
| | - Noam Erez
- Israel Institute for Biological Research (IIBR), Ness-Ziona, Israel
| | - Shmuel Yitzhaki
- Israel Institute for Biological Research (IIBR), Ness-Ziona, Israel
| | - Shmuel C Shapira
- Israel Institute for Biological Research (IIBR), Ness-Ziona, Israel
| | - Nir Paran
- Israel Institute for Biological Research (IIBR), Ness-Ziona, Israel
| | | | - Yaron Vagima
- Israel Institute for Biological Research (IIBR), Ness-Ziona, Israel
| | - Tomer Israely
- Israel Institute for Biological Research (IIBR), Ness-Ziona, Israel
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17
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Achdout H, Vitner EB, Politi B, Melamed S, Yahalom-Ronen Y, Tamir H, Erez N, Avraham R, Weiss S, Cherry L, Bar-Haim E, Makdasi E, Gur D, Aftalion M, Chitlaru T, Vagima Y, Paran N, Israely T. Increased lethality in influenza and SARS-CoV-2 coinfection is prevented by influenza immunity but not SARS-CoV-2 immunity. Nat Commun 2021; 12:5819. [PMID: 34611155 PMCID: PMC8492774 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-26113-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the cause of the ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. The continued spread of SARS-CoV-2 increases the probability of influenza/SARS-CoV-2 coinfection, which may result in severe disease. In this study, we examine the disease outcome of influenza A virus (IAV) and SARS-CoV-2 coinfection in K18-hACE2 mice. Our data indicate enhance susceptibility of IAV-infected mice to developing severe disease upon coinfection with SARS-CoV-2 two days later. In contrast to nonfatal influenza and lower mortality rates due to SARS-CoV-2 alone, this coinfection results in severe morbidity and nearly complete mortality. Coinfection is associated with elevated influenza viral loads in respiratory organs. Remarkably, prior immunity to influenza, but not to SARS-CoV-2, prevents severe disease and mortality. This protection is antibody-dependent. These data experimentally support the necessity of seasonal influenza vaccination for reducing the risk of severe influenza/COVID-19 comorbidity during the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hagit Achdout
- Departments of Infectious Diseases, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness-Ziona, 7410001, Israel
| | - Einat B Vitner
- Departments of Infectious Diseases, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness-Ziona, 7410001, Israel
| | - Boaz Politi
- Departments of Infectious Diseases, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness-Ziona, 7410001, Israel
| | - Sharon Melamed
- Departments of Infectious Diseases, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness-Ziona, 7410001, Israel
| | - Yfat Yahalom-Ronen
- Departments of Infectious Diseases, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness-Ziona, 7410001, Israel
| | - Hadas Tamir
- Departments of Infectious Diseases, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness-Ziona, 7410001, Israel
| | - Noam Erez
- Departments of Infectious Diseases, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness-Ziona, 7410001, Israel
| | - Roy Avraham
- Departments of Infectious Diseases, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness-Ziona, 7410001, Israel
| | - Shay Weiss
- Departments of Infectious Diseases, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness-Ziona, 7410001, Israel
| | - Lilach Cherry
- Departments of Infectious Diseases, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness-Ziona, 7410001, Israel
| | - Erez Bar-Haim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness-Ziona, 7410001, Israel
| | - Efi Makdasi
- Departments of Infectious Diseases, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness-Ziona, 7410001, Israel
| | - David Gur
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness-Ziona, 7410001, Israel
| | - Moshe Aftalion
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness-Ziona, 7410001, Israel
| | - Theodor Chitlaru
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness-Ziona, 7410001, Israel
| | - Yaron Vagima
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness-Ziona, 7410001, Israel
| | - Nir Paran
- Departments of Infectious Diseases, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness-Ziona, 7410001, Israel
| | - Tomer Israely
- Departments of Infectious Diseases, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness-Ziona, 7410001, Israel.
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18
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Barlev-Gross M, Weiss S, Paran N, Yahalom-Ronen Y, Israeli O, Nemet I, Kliker L, Zuckerman N, Glinert I, Noy-Porat T, Alcalay R, Rosenfeld R, Levy H, Mazor O, Mandelboim M, Mendelson E, Beth-Din A, Israely T, Mechaly A. Sensitive Immunodetection of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Variants of Concern 501Y.V2 and 501Y.V1. J Infect Dis 2021; 224:616-619. [PMID: 34398244 PMCID: PMC8194863 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiab278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Emerging severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants may influence the effectiveness of existing laboratory diagnostics. In the current study we determined whether the British (20I/501Y.V1) and South African (20H/501Y.V2) SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern are detected with an in-house S1-based antigen detection assay, analyzing spiked pools of quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction-negative nasopharyngeal swab specimens. The assay, combining 4 monoclonal antibodies, allowed sensitive detection of both the wild type and the variants of concern, despite accumulation of several mutations in the variants' S1 region-results suggesting that this combination, targeting distinct epitopes, enables both specificity and the universality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moria Barlev-Gross
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona,Israel
| | - Shay Weiss
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona,Israel
| | - Nir Paran
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona,Israel
| | - Yfat Yahalom-Ronen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona,Israel
| | - Ofir Israeli
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona,Israel
| | - Ital Nemet
- Israel Center for Disease Control, Israel Ministry of Health, Tel HaShomer, Ramat Gan,Israel
| | - Limor Kliker
- Israel Center for Disease Control, Israel Ministry of Health, Tel HaShomer, Ramat Gan,Israel
| | - Neta Zuckerman
- Israel Center for Disease Control, Israel Ministry of Health, Tel HaShomer, Ramat Gan,Israel
| | - Itai Glinert
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona,Israel
| | - Tal Noy-Porat
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona,Israel
| | - Ron Alcalay
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona,Israel
| | - Ronit Rosenfeld
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona,Israel
| | - Haim Levy
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona,Israel
| | - Ohad Mazor
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona,Israel
| | - Michal Mandelboim
- Israel Center for Disease Control, Israel Ministry of Health, Tel HaShomer, Ramat Gan,Israel.,Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv,Israel
| | - Ella Mendelson
- Israel Center for Disease Control, Israel Ministry of Health, Tel HaShomer, Ramat Gan,Israel.,Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv,Israel
| | - Adi Beth-Din
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona,Israel
| | - Tomer Israely
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona,Israel
| | - Adva Mechaly
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona,Israel
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19
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Nagler A, Kalaora S, Barbolin C, Gangaev A, Ketelaars SLC, Alon M, Pai J, Benedek G, Yahalom-Ronen Y, Erez N, Greenberg P, Yagel G, Peri A, Levin Y, Satpathy AT, Bar-Haim E, Paran N, Kvistborg P, Samuels Y. Identification of presented SARS-CoV-2 HLA class I and HLA class II peptides using HLA peptidomics. Cell Rep 2021; 35:109305. [PMID: 34166618 PMCID: PMC8185308 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-bound viral antigens serve as an immunological signature that can be selectively recognized by T cells. As viruses evolve by acquiring mutations, it is essential to identify a range of presented viral antigens. Using HLA peptidomics, we are able to identify severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)-derived peptides presented by highly prevalent HLA class I (HLA-I) molecules by using infected cells as well as overexpression of SARS-CoV-2 genes. We find 26 HLA-I peptides and 36 HLA class II (HLA-II) peptides. Among the identified peptides, some are shared between different cells and some are derived from out-of-frame open reading frames (ORFs). Seven of these peptides were previously shown to be immunogenic, and we identify two additional immunoreactive peptides by using HLA multimer staining. These results may aid the development of the next generation of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines based on presented viral-specific antigens that span several of the viral genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adi Nagler
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Shelly Kalaora
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Chaya Barbolin
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Anastasia Gangaev
- Division of Molecular Oncology and Immunology, the Netherlands Cancer Institute, the Netherlands
| | - Steven L C Ketelaars
- Division of Molecular Oncology and Immunology, the Netherlands Cancer Institute, the Netherlands
| | - Michal Alon
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Joy Pai
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Gil Benedek
- Tissue Typing and Immunogenetics Unit, Hadassah Medical Organization and Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Yfat Yahalom-Ronen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona, Israel
| | - Noam Erez
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona, Israel
| | - Polina Greenberg
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Gal Yagel
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Aviyah Peri
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Yishai Levin
- The de Botton Institute for Protein Profiling, The Nancy and Stephen Grand Israel National Center for Personalized Medicine, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Ansuman T Satpathy
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Erez Bar-Haim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona, Israel
| | - Nir Paran
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona, Israel
| | - Pia Kvistborg
- Tissue Typing and Immunogenetics Unit, Hadassah Medical Organization and Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Yardena Samuels
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.
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20
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Elia U, Ramishetti S, Rosenfeld R, Dammes N, Bar-Haim E, Naidu GS, Makdasi E, Yahalom-Ronen Y, Tamir H, Paran N, Cohen O, Peer D. Design of SARS-CoV-2 hFc-Conjugated Receptor-Binding Domain mRNA Vaccine Delivered via Lipid Nanoparticles. ACS Nano 2021; 15:9627-9637. [PMID: 33480671 PMCID: PMC7860138 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c10180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has been identified as the causal agent of COVID-19 and stands at the center of the current global human pandemic, with death toll exceeding one million. The urgent need for a vaccine has led to the development of various immunization approaches. mRNA vaccines represent a cell-free, simple, and rapid platform for immunization, and therefore have been employed in recent studies toward the development of a SARS-CoV-2 vaccine. Herein, we present the design of an mRNA vaccine, based on lipid nanoparticles (LNPs)-encapsulated SARS-CoV-2 human Fc-conjugated receptor-binding domain (RBD-hFc). Several ionizable lipids have been evaluated in vivo in a luciferase (luc) mRNA reporter assay, and two leading LNPs formulations have been chosen for the subsequent RBD-hFc mRNA vaccine strategy. Intramuscular administration of LNP RBD-hFc mRNA elicited robust humoral response, a high level of neutralizing antibodies and a Th1-biased cellular response in BALB/c mice. The data in the current study demonstrate the potential of these lipids as promising candidates for LNP-based mRNA vaccines in general and for a COVID19 vaccine in particular.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uri Elia
- Laboratory of Precision NanoMedicine, Shmunis School
for Biomedicine and Cancer Research, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences,
Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978,
Israel
- Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology,
Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978,
Israel
- Department of Materials Sciences and Engineering, Iby
and Aladar Fleischman Faculty of Engineering, Tel Aviv
University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
- Cancer Biology Research Center, Tel Aviv
University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics,
Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness-Ziona 76100,
Israel
| | - Srinivas Ramishetti
- Laboratory of Precision NanoMedicine, Shmunis School
for Biomedicine and Cancer Research, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences,
Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978,
Israel
- Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology,
Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978,
Israel
- Department of Materials Sciences and Engineering, Iby
and Aladar Fleischman Faculty of Engineering, Tel Aviv
University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
- Cancer Biology Research Center, Tel Aviv
University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Ronit Rosenfeld
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics,
Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness-Ziona 76100,
Israel
| | - Niels Dammes
- Laboratory of Precision NanoMedicine, Shmunis School
for Biomedicine and Cancer Research, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences,
Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978,
Israel
- Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology,
Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978,
Israel
- Department of Materials Sciences and Engineering, Iby
and Aladar Fleischman Faculty of Engineering, Tel Aviv
University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
- Cancer Biology Research Center, Tel Aviv
University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Erez Bar-Haim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics,
Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness-Ziona 76100,
Israel
| | - Gonna Somu Naidu
- Laboratory of Precision NanoMedicine, Shmunis School
for Biomedicine and Cancer Research, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences,
Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978,
Israel
- Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology,
Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978,
Israel
- Department of Materials Sciences and Engineering, Iby
and Aladar Fleischman Faculty of Engineering, Tel Aviv
University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
- Cancer Biology Research Center, Tel Aviv
University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Efi Makdasi
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Israel
Institute for Biological Research, Ness-Ziona 76100,
Israel
| | - Yfat Yahalom-Ronen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Israel
Institute for Biological Research, Ness-Ziona 76100,
Israel
| | - Hadas Tamir
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Israel
Institute for Biological Research, Ness-Ziona 76100,
Israel
| | - Nir Paran
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Israel
Institute for Biological Research, Ness-Ziona 76100,
Israel
| | - Ofer Cohen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics,
Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness-Ziona 76100,
Israel
| | - Dan Peer
- Laboratory of Precision NanoMedicine, Shmunis School
for Biomedicine and Cancer Research, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences,
Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978,
Israel
- Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology,
Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978,
Israel
- Department of Materials Sciences and Engineering, Iby
and Aladar Fleischman Faculty of Engineering, Tel Aviv
University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
- Cancer Biology Research Center, Tel Aviv
University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
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21
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Finkel Y, Gluck A, Nachshon A, Winkler R, Fisher T, Rozman B, Mizrahi O, Lubelsky Y, Zuckerman B, Slobodin B, Yahalom-Ronen Y, Tamir H, Ulitsky I, Israely T, Paran N, Schwartz M, Stern-Ginossar N. SARS-CoV-2 uses a multipronged strategy to impede host protein synthesis. Nature 2021; 594:240-245. [PMID: 33979833 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-021-03610-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 is the cause of the ongoing pandemic of COVID-191. Coronaviruses have developed a variety of mechanisms to repress host mRNA translation to allow the translation of viral mRNA, and concomitantly block the cellular innate immune response2,3. Although several different proteins of SARS-CoV-2 have previously been implicated in shutting off host expression4-7, a comprehensive picture of the effects of SARS-CoV-2 infection on cellular gene expression is lacking. Here we combine RNA sequencing, ribosome profiling and metabolic labelling of newly synthesized RNA to comprehensively define the mechanisms that are used by SARS-CoV-2 to shut off cellular protein synthesis. We show that infection leads to a global reduction in translation, but that viral transcripts are not preferentially translated. Instead, we find that infection leads to the accelerated degradation of cytosolic cellular mRNAs, which facilitates viral takeover of the mRNA pool in infected cells. We reveal that the translation of transcripts that are induced in response to infection (including innate immune genes) is impaired. We demonstrate this impairment is probably mediated by inhibition of nuclear mRNA export, which prevents newly transcribed cellular mRNA from accessing ribosomes. Overall, our results uncover a multipronged strategy that is used by SARS-CoV-2 to take over the translation machinery and to suppress host defences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaara Finkel
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Avi Gluck
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Aharon Nachshon
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Roni Winkler
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Tal Fisher
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Batsheva Rozman
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Orel Mizrahi
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Yoav Lubelsky
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Binyamin Zuckerman
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Boris Slobodin
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Yfat Yahalom-Ronen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Israel Institute for Biological, Chemical and Environmental Sciences, Ness Ziona, Israel
| | - Hadas Tamir
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Israel Institute for Biological, Chemical and Environmental Sciences, Ness Ziona, Israel
| | - Igor Ulitsky
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Tomer Israely
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Israel Institute for Biological, Chemical and Environmental Sciences, Ness Ziona, Israel
| | - Nir Paran
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Israel Institute for Biological, Chemical and Environmental Sciences, Ness Ziona, Israel
| | - Michal Schwartz
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.
| | - Noam Stern-Ginossar
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.
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22
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Vitner EB, Achdout H, Avraham R, Politi B, Cherry L, Tamir H, Yahalom-Ronen Y, Paran N, Melamed S, Erez N, Israely T. Glucosylceramide synthase inhibitors prevent replication of SARS-CoV-2 and influenza virus. J Biol Chem 2021; 296:100470. [PMID: 33639165 PMCID: PMC7904475 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.100470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is a major threat to global health. Vaccines are ideal solutions to prevent infection, but treatments are also needed for those who have contracted the virus to limit negative outcomes, when vaccines are not applicable. Viruses must cross host cell membranes during their life cycle, creating a dependency on processes involving membrane dynamics. Thus, in this study, we examined whether the synthetic machinery for glycosphingolipids, biologically active components of cell membranes, can serve as a therapeutic target to combat SARS-CoV-2. We examined the antiviral effect of two specific inhibitors of glucosylceramide synthase (GCS): (i) Genz-123346, an analogue of the United States Food and Drug Administration-approved drug Cerdelga and (ii) GENZ-667161, an analogue of venglustat, which is currently under phase III clinical trials. We found that both GCS inhibitors inhibit replication of SARS-CoV-2. Moreover, these inhibitors also disrupt replication of influenza virus A/PR/8/34 (H1N1). Our data imply that synthesis of glycosphingolipids is necessary to support viral life cycles and suggest that GCS inhibitors should be further explored as antiviral therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Einat B Vitner
- Departments of Infectious Diseases, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness-Ziona, Israel.
| | - Hagit Achdout
- Departments of Infectious Diseases, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness-Ziona, Israel
| | - Roy Avraham
- Departments of Infectious Diseases, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness-Ziona, Israel
| | - Boaz Politi
- Departments of Infectious Diseases, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness-Ziona, Israel
| | - Lilach Cherry
- Departments of Infectious Diseases, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness-Ziona, Israel
| | - Hadas Tamir
- Departments of Infectious Diseases, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness-Ziona, Israel
| | - Yfat Yahalom-Ronen
- Departments of Infectious Diseases, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness-Ziona, Israel
| | - Nir Paran
- Departments of Infectious Diseases, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness-Ziona, Israel
| | - Sharon Melamed
- Departments of Infectious Diseases, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness-Ziona, Israel
| | - Noam Erez
- Departments of Infectious Diseases, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness-Ziona, Israel
| | - Tomer Israely
- Departments of Infectious Diseases, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness-Ziona, Israel
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23
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Ben-Shmuel A, Brosh-Nissimov T, Glinert I, Bar-David E, Sittner A, Poni R, Cohen R, Achdout H, Tamir H, Yahalom-Ronen Y, Politi B, Melamed S, Vitner E, Cherry L, Israeli O, Beth-Din A, Paran N, Israely T, Yitzhaki S, Levy H, Weiss S. Detection and infectivity potential of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) environmental contamination in isolation units and quarantine facilities. Clin Microbiol Infect 2020; 26:1658-1662. [PMID: 32919072 PMCID: PMC7481174 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2020.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Environmental surfaces have been suggested as likely contributors in the transmission of COVID-19. This study assessed the infectivity of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) contaminating surfaces and objects in two hospital isolation units and a quarantine hotel. METHODS SARS-CoV-2 virus stability and infectivity on non-porous surfaces was tested under controlled laboratory conditions. Surface and air sampling were conducted at two COVID-19 isolation units and in a quarantine hotel. Viral RNA was detected by RT-PCR and infectivity was assessed by VERO E6 CPE test. RESULTS In laboratory-controlled conditions, SARS-CoV-2 gradually lost its infectivity completely by day 4 at ambient temperature, and the decay rate of viral viability on surfaces directly correlated with increase in temperature. Viral RNA was detected in 29/55 surface samples (52.7%) and 16/42 surface samples (38%) from the surroundings of symptomatic COVID-19 patients in isolation units of two hospitals and in a quarantine hotel for asymptomatic and very mild COVID-19 patients. None of the surface and air samples from the three sites (0/97) were found to contain infectious titres of SARS-Cov-2 on tissue culture assay. CONCLUSIONS Despite prolonged viability of SARS-CoV-2 under laboratory-controlled conditions, uncultivable viral contamination of inanimate surfaces might suggest low feasibility for indirect fomite transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Ben-Shmuel
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona, Israel
| | - Tal Brosh-Nissimov
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Assuta Ashdod University Hospital, Ashdod, Israel; Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University in the Negev, Beer-Sheba, Israel
| | - Itai Glinert
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona, Israel
| | - Elad Bar-David
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona, Israel
| | - Assa Sittner
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona, Israel
| | - Reut Poni
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona, Israel
| | - Regev Cohen
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Laniado Hospital, Netanya, Israel
| | - Hagit Achdout
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona, Israel
| | - Hadas Tamir
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona, Israel
| | - Yfat Yahalom-Ronen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona, Israel
| | - Boaz Politi
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona, Israel
| | - Sharon Melamed
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona, Israel
| | - Einat Vitner
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona, Israel
| | - Lilach Cherry
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona, Israel
| | - Ofir Israeli
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona, Israel
| | - Adi Beth-Din
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona, Israel
| | - Nir Paran
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona, Israel
| | - Tomer Israely
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona, Israel
| | - Shmuel Yitzhaki
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona, Israel
| | - Haim Levy
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona, Israel
| | - Shay Weiss
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona, Israel.
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24
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Finkel Y, Mizrahi O, Nachshon A, Weingarten-Gabbay S, Morgenstern D, Yahalom-Ronen Y, Tamir H, Achdout H, Stein D, Israeli O, Beth-Din A, Melamed S, Weiss S, Israely T, Paran N, Schwartz M, Stern-Ginossar N. The coding capacity of SARS-CoV-2. Nature 2020; 589:125-130. [PMID: 32906143 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-020-2739-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 339] [Impact Index Per Article: 84.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the cause of the ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic1. To understand the pathogenicity and antigenic potential of SARS-CoV-2 and to develop therapeutic tools, it is essential to profile the full repertoire of its expressed proteins. The current map of SARS-CoV-2 coding capacity is based on computational predictions and relies on homology with other coronaviruses. As the protein complement varies among coronaviruses, especially in regard to the variety of accessory proteins, it is crucial to characterize the specific range of SARS-CoV-2 proteins in an unbiased and open-ended manner. Here, using a suite of ribosome-profiling techniques2-4, we present a high-resolution map of coding regions in the SARS-CoV-2 genome, which enables us to accurately quantify the expression of canonical viral open reading frames (ORFs) and to identify 23 unannotated viral ORFs. These ORFs include upstream ORFs that are likely to have a regulatory role, several in-frame internal ORFs within existing ORFs, resulting in N-terminally truncated products, as well as internal out-of-frame ORFs, which generate novel polypeptides. We further show that viral mRNAs are not translated more efficiently than host mRNAs; instead, virus translation dominates host translation because of the high levels of viral transcripts. Our work provides a resource that will form the basis of future functional studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaara Finkel
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Orel Mizrahi
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Aharon Nachshon
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Shira Weingarten-Gabbay
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Department of Organismal and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - David Morgenstern
- de Botton Institute for Protein Profiling, The Nancy and Stephen Grand Israel National Center for Personalised Medicine, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Yfat Yahalom-Ronen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona, Israel
| | - Hadas Tamir
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona, Israel
| | - Hagit Achdout
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona, Israel
| | - Dana Stein
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona, Israel
| | - Ofir Israeli
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona, Israel
| | - Adi Beth-Din
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona, Israel
| | - Sharon Melamed
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona, Israel
| | - Shay Weiss
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona, Israel
| | - Tomer Israely
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona, Israel
| | - Nir Paran
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona, Israel
| | - Michal Schwartz
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Noam Stern-Ginossar
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.
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25
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Zamir L, Singh R, Nathan E, Patrick R, Yifa O, Yahalom-Ronen Y, Arraf AA, Schultheiss TM, Suo S, Han JDJ, Peng G, Jing N, Wang Y, Palpant N, Tam PP, Harvey RP, Tzahor E. Nkx2.5 marks angioblasts that contribute to hemogenic endothelium of the endocardium and dorsal aorta. eLife 2017; 6:20994. [PMID: 28271994 PMCID: PMC5400512 DOI: 10.7554/elife.20994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2016] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Novel regenerative therapies may stem from deeper understanding of the mechanisms governing cardiovascular lineage diversification. Using enhancer mapping and live imaging in avian embryos, and genetic lineage tracing in mice, we investigated the spatio-temporal dynamics of cardiovascular progenitor populations. We show that expression of the cardiac transcription factor Nkx2.5 marks a mesodermal population outside of the cardiac crescent in the extraembryonic and lateral plate mesoderm, with characteristics of hemogenic angioblasts. Extra-cardiac Nkx2.5 lineage progenitors migrate into the embryo and contribute to clusters of CD41+/CD45+ and RUNX1+ cells in the endocardium, the aorta-gonad-mesonephros region of the dorsal aorta and liver. We also demonstrated that ectopic expression of Nkx2.5 in chick embryos activates the hemoangiogenic gene expression program. Taken together, we identified a hemogenic angioblast cell lineage characterized by transient Nkx2.5 expression that contributes to hemogenic endothelium and endocardium, suggesting a novel role for Nkx2.5 in hemoangiogenic lineage specification and diversification. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.20994.001 As an animal embryo develops, it establishes a circulatory system that includes the heart, vessels and blood. Vessels and blood initially form in the yolk sac, a membrane that surrounds the embryo. These yolk sac vessels act as a rudimentary circulatory system, connecting to the heart and blood vessels within the embryo itself. In older embryos, cells in the inner layer of the largest blood vessel (known as the dorsal aorta) generate blood stem cells that give rise to the different types of blood cells. A gene called Nkx2.5 encodes a protein that controls the activity of a number of complex genetic programs and has been long studied as a key player in the development of the heart. Nkx2.5 is essential for forming normal heart muscle cells and for shaping the primitive heart and its surrounding vessels into a working organ. Interfering with the normal activity of the Nkx2.5 gene results in severe defects in blood vessels and the heart. However, many details are missing on the role played by Nkx2.5 in specifying the different cellular components of the circulatory system and heart. Zamir et al. genetically engineered chick and mouse embryos to produce fluorescent markers that could be used to trace the cells that become part of blood vessels and heart. The experiments found that some of the cells that form the blood and vessels in the yolk sac originate from within the membranes surrounding the embryo, outside of the areas previously reported to give rise to the heart. The Nkx2.5 gene is active in these cells for only a short period of time as they migrate toward the heart and dorsal aorta, where they give rise to blood stem cells These findings suggest that Nkx2.5 plays an important role in triggering developmental processes that eventually give rise to blood vessels and blood cells. The next step following on from this work will be to find out what genes the protein encoded by Nkx2.5 regulates to drive these processes. Mapping the genes that control the early origins of blood and blood-forming vessels will help biologists understand this complex and vital tissue system, and develop new treatments for patients with conditions that affect their circulatory system. In the future, this knowledge may also help to engineer synthetic blood and blood products for use in trauma and genetic diseases. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.20994.002
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Affiliation(s)
- Lyad Zamir
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Reena Singh
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney, Australia
| | - Elisha Nathan
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Ralph Patrick
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney, Australia
| | - Oren Yifa
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Yfat Yahalom-Ronen
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Alaa A Arraf
- Department of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Thomas M Schultheiss
- Department of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Shengbao Suo
- Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences-Max Planck Partner Institute for Computational Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing-Dong Jackie Han
- Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences-Max Planck Partner Institute for Computational Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Guangdun Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Naihe Jing
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuliang Wang
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, The University of Washington, Seattle, United States
| | - Nathan Palpant
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Patrick Pl Tam
- School of Medical Sciences, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Westmead, Australia.,Embryology Unit, Children's Medical Research Institute, Westmead, Australia
| | - Richard P Harvey
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney, Australia.,St. Vincent's Clinical School, School of Biological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Kensington, Australia
| | - Eldad Tzahor
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
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26
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Yahalom-Ronen Y, Rajchman D, Sarig R, Geiger B, Tzahor E. Reduced matrix rigidity promotes neonatal cardiomyocyte dedifferentiation, proliferation and clonal expansion. eLife 2015; 4. [PMID: 26267307 PMCID: PMC4558647 DOI: 10.7554/elife.07455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2015] [Accepted: 08/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiomyocyte (CM) maturation in mammals is accompanied by a sharp decline in their proliferative and regenerative potential shortly after birth. In this study, we explored the role of the mechanical properties of the underlying matrix in the regulation of CM maturation. We show that rat and mouse neonatal CMs cultured on rigid surfaces exhibited increased myofibrillar organization, spread morphology, and reduced cell cycle activity. In contrast, compliant elastic matrices induced features of CM dedifferentiation, including a disorganized sarcomere network, rounding, and conspicuous cell-cycle re-entry. The rigid matrix facilitated nuclear division (karyokinesis) leading to binucleation, while compliant matrices promoted CM mitotic rounding and cell division (cytokinesis), associated with loss of differentiation markers. Moreover, the compliant matrix potentiated clonal expansion of CMs that involves multiple cell divisions. Thus, the compliant microenvironment facilitates CM dedifferentiation and proliferation via its effect on the organization of the myoskeleton. Our findings may be exploited to design new cardiac regenerative approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yfat Yahalom-Ronen
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Dana Rajchman
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Rachel Sarig
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Benjamin Geiger
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Eldad Tzahor
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
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Michailovici I, Harrington HA, Azogui HH, Yahalom-Ronen Y, Plotnikov A, Ching S, Stumpf MPH, Klein OD, Seger R, Tzahor E. Nuclear to cytoplasmic shuttling of ERK promotes differentiation of muscle stem/progenitor cells. Development 2014; 141:2611-20. [PMID: 24924195 DOI: 10.1242/dev.107078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The transition between the proliferation and differentiation of progenitor cells is a key step in organogenesis, and alterations in this process can lead to developmental disorders. The extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK) signaling pathway is one of the most intensively studied signaling mechanisms that regulates both proliferation and differentiation. How a single molecule (e.g. ERK) can regulate two opposing cellular outcomes is still a mystery. Using both chick and mouse models, we shed light on the mechanism responsible for the switch from proliferation to differentiation of head muscle progenitors and implicate ERK subcellular localization. Manipulation of the fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-ERK signaling pathway in chick embryos in vitro and in vivo demonstrated that blockage of this pathway accelerated myogenic differentiation, whereas its activation diminished it. We next examined whether the spatial subcellular localization of ERK could act as a switch between proliferation (nuclear ERK) and differentiation (cytoplasmic ERK) of muscle progenitors. A myristoylated peptide that blocks importin 7-mediated ERK nuclear translocation induced robust myogenic differentiation of muscle progenitor/stem cells in both head and trunk. In the mouse, analysis of Sprouty mutant embryos revealed that increased ERK signaling suppressed both head and trunk myogenesis. Our findings, corroborated by mathematical modeling, suggest that ERK shuttling between the nucleus and the cytoplasm provides a switch-like transition between proliferation and differentiation of muscle progenitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inbal Michailovici
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Heather A Harrington
- Theoretical Systems Biology, Division of Molecular Biosciences, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Hadar Hay Azogui
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Yfat Yahalom-Ronen
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Alexander Plotnikov
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Saunders Ching
- Department of Orofacial Sciences and Program in Craniofacial and Mesenchymal Biology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143-0430, USA
| | - Michael P H Stumpf
- Theoretical Systems Biology, Division of Molecular Biosciences, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Ophir D Klein
- Department of Orofacial Sciences and Program in Craniofacial and Mesenchymal Biology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143-0430, USA Department of Pediatrics, Institute for Human Genetics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143-0442, USA
| | - Rony Seger
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Eldad Tzahor
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
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