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Wu CY, Yang YH, Lin YS, Shu LH, Cheng YC, Liu HT, Lin YY, Lee IY, Shih WT, Yang PR, Tsai YY, Chang GH, Hsu CM, Yeh RA, Wu YH, Wu YH, Shen RC, Tsai MS. The anti-SARS-CoV-2 effect and mechanism of Chiehyuan herbal oral protection solution. Heliyon 2023; 9:e17701. [PMID: 37483781 PMCID: PMC10359827 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e17701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The Chiehyuan herbal oral protection solution (GB-2) is a herbal mixture commonly utilized in Taiwan for combating severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) as per traditional Chinese medicine practices. This study assessed the clinical impact of GB-2 through prospective clinical trials. With twice-daily use for a week, GB-2 was shown to diminish the expression of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) in oral mucosal cells. Moreover, after two weeks of use, it could reduce transmembrane protease, serine 2 (TMRPSS2) expression in these cells. Additionally, in vitro experiments demonstrated that GB-2 lessened the entry efficiency of the Omicron, L452R-D614G, T478K-D614G, and L452R-T478K-D614G variants of the SARS-CoV-2 pseudotyped lentivirus. It also impeded the interaction between ACE2 and the receptor-binding domain (RBD) presenting N501Y-K417N-E484A-G339D-Q493R-G496S-Q498R and L452R-T478K mutations. Glycyrrhizic acid, a major compound in GB-2, also hindered the entry of the Omicron variant (BA.1) of the SARS-CoV-2 pseudotyped lentivirus by obstructing the binding between ACE2 and the RBD presenting the N501Y-K417N-E484A-G339D-Q493R-G496S-Q498R mutation. To sum up, these findings suggest that GB-2 can decrease ACE2 and TMPRSS2 expression in oral mucosal cells. Both glycyrrhizic acid and GB-2 were found to reduce the entry efficiency of the Omicron variant (BA.1) of the SARS-CoV-2 pseudotyped lentivirus and block the binding between ACE2 and the RBD with the N501Y-K417N-E484A-G339D-Q493R-G496S-Q498R mutation. This evidence implies that GB-2 might be a potential candidate for further study as a preventative measure against SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Yuan Wu
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Chiayi Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
- School of Chinese Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yao-Hsu Yang
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Chiayi Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
- School of Chinese Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Shih Lin
- Department of Pharmacy, Chiayi Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Li-Hsin Shu
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Chiayi Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ching Cheng
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Chiayi Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
- Department of Otolaryngology, Chiayi Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Te Liu
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Chiayi Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Yin-Yin Lin
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Chiayi Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - I-Yun Lee
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Chiayi Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Tai Shih
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Chiayi Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Rung Yang
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Chiayi Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Ying Tsai
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Chiayi Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Geng-He Chang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Chiayi Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
- Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Health Information and Epidemiology Laboratory, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Ming Hsu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Chiayi Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
- Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Reming-Albert Yeh
- Department of Otolaryngology, Chiayi Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Huei Wu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Heng Wu
- Department of Electrical Engineering, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Rou-Chen Shen
- Department of Otolaryngology, Chiayi Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Shao Tsai
- Department of Otolaryngology, Chiayi Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
- Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
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Tsai YY, Hsieh TC, Chang CY. Purchase of cigarette, betel nuts and alcohol behaviors as the mediator between the effects of knowledge, attitudes, family communication patterns and parental substance use on the early adolescents’ use of substance in Taiwan. Tob Induc Dis 2021. [DOI: 10.18332/tid/140956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Yang PR, Tsai YY, Chen KJ, Yang YH, Shih WT. Statin Use Improves Overall Survival of Patients with Gastric Cancer after Surgery and Adjuvant Chemotherapy in Taiwan: A Nationwide Matched Cohort Study. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12082055. [PMID: 32722425 PMCID: PMC7464880 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12082055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Numerous studies have revealed that statins have antitumor effects in vivo and in vitro. However, few studies have explored the relationship between statin use and the mortality of gastric cancer (GC) patients after treatments. This study examines the relationship between statin use and the overall survival (OS) of GC patients after surgery and adjuvant chemotherapy, using data from the nationwide cohort database of Taiwan. Methods: All patients newly diagnosed with GC from 1999 to 2008 in Taiwan were identified from the Registry of Catastrophic Illness Patients Database. Through propensity score matching, statin users were matched to statin non-users at a 1:4 ratio. The relationship between statin use and the OS of patients with GC was estimated through Cox regression models. Results: The study cohort included 1835 patients with GC who had received therapies during the study period. The death numbers among statin users (defined as those who used more than 28 cumulative defined daily doses (cDDDs)) and statin non-users were 138 and 895, respectively. A dose–response association was noted between statin use and the OS of patients with GC after treatments. The adjusted hazard ratios were 0.62 (95% confidence intervals (CI), 0.50–0.78) and 0.34 (95% CI, 0.26–0.45) for statin users administered 28–167 cDDDs and >168 cDDDs, respectively, compared with no statin use (<28 cDDDs). Conclusions: This study highlights that statin use may dose-dependently improve the OS of patients with GC after surgery and adjuvant chemotherapy in Taiwan. Additional studies are required to confirm the efficacy and safety of statin use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Rung Yang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chia-Yi 61363, Taiwan; (P.-R.Y.); (Y.-Y.T.); (Y.-H.Y.)
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chang Gung University, College of Medicine, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Ying Tsai
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chia-Yi 61363, Taiwan; (P.-R.Y.); (Y.-Y.T.); (Y.-H.Y.)
| | - Ko-Jung Chen
- Health Information and Epidemiology Laboratory of Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chia-Yi 61363, Taiwan;
| | - Yao-Hsu Yang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chia-Yi 61363, Taiwan; (P.-R.Y.); (Y.-Y.T.); (Y.-H.Y.)
- Health Information and Epidemiology Laboratory of Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chia-Yi 61363, Taiwan;
- School of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Tai Shih
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chia-Yi 61363, Taiwan; (P.-R.Y.); (Y.-Y.T.); (Y.-H.Y.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-5-3621000
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Tsai YY, Chen KJ, Yang YH, Lin YH. Use of Traditional Chinese Medicine May Delay the Need for Insulin Treatment in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: A Population-Based Cohort Study. J Altern Complement Med 2020; 26:628-635. [PMID: 32543210 DOI: 10.1089/acm.2019.0375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has been shown to reduce insulin resistance and improve beta cell function in previous studies. The aim of this study was to assess whether the use of TCM can delay the need for insulin therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes. Design: Data on patients with type 2 diabetes who received medical treatment for the first time between 2000 and 2003 were obtained from National Health Insurance Research Database (NHIRD) in Taiwan. Among these patients, those with a cumulative use of TCM of more than 28 days were defined as TCM users, and the others as non-users. Kaplan-Meier analysis was used to evaluate the cumulative risk of initiating insulin therapy. Cox proportional hazards models with and without competing risk events were used to evaluate the association between the use of TCM and insulin therapy. Settings/Location: Data were obtained from National Health Insurance Research Database (NHIRD) in Taiwan. Subjects: Patients with type 2 diabetes who received medical treatment for the first time between 2000 and 2003. Interventions: Among these patients, those with a cumulative use of TCM of more than 28 days were defined as TCM users, and the others as non-users. Outcome measures: After 1:1 propensity score matching, both groups were tracked until the initiation of insulin therapy, death, or the end of 2013. Results: We identified 6524 TCM users and 6524 non-users. The TCM users had a significantly lower risk of insulin initiation in a dose-dependent manner (log-rank test p < 0.001). This effect was consistent across subgroups with different severities of diabetes, and remained significant in competing risk analysis (for TCM users with 28 to 83 days cumulative use, HR 0.78 [0.70-0.87], p < 0.0001; for TCM users with ≥ 84 days cumulative use, HR 0.47 [0.42-0.53], p < 0.0001). Conclusions: The use of TCM in addition to standard diabetes treatment may delay the need for insulin treatment in patients who received medical treatment for type 2 diabetes for the first time. This benefit was strongly dose-dependent and applicable in patients with different severities of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Ying Tsai
- Department of Chinese Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Chiayi Branch, Chiayi County, Taiwan
| | - Ko-Jung Chen
- Department of Public Health, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,Health Information and Epidemiology Laboratory of Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Chiayi Branch, Chiayi County, Taiwan
| | - Yao-Hsu Yang
- Department of Chinese Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Chiayi Branch, Chiayi County, Taiwan.,Health Information and Epidemiology Laboratory of Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Chiayi Branch, Chiayi County, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Hsiang Lin
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Chiayi Branch, Chiayi County, Taiwan
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Lin YS, Shen YC, Wu CY, Tsai YY, Yang YH, Lin YY, Kuan FC, Lu CN, Chang GH, Tsai MS, Hsu CM, Yeh RA, Yang PR, Lee IY, Shu LH, Cheng YC, Liu HT, Wu YH, Wu YH, Chang DC. Danshen Improves Survival of Patients With Breast Cancer and Dihydroisotanshinone I Induces Ferroptosis and Apoptosis of Breast Cancer Cells. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:1226. [PMID: 31736748 PMCID: PMC6836808 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.01226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Danshen (salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge) is widely used in traditional Chinese medicine. However, it is definite clinical effort and mechanism on breast cancer is unclear. In our study, we used the real-world database to investigate in vivo protective effort of danshen in the breast cancer patients through using population-based data from the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database (NHIRD). In vitro, human breast cancer cells (MCF-7 cells and MDA-MB-231 cells) were used to investigate the effect and the underlying mechanism through XTT assay, flow cytometry, glutathione peroxidase (GPX) activity assay, GSH (reduced glutathione)/GSSG (oxidized glutathione), malondialdehyde (MDA), and western blot analysis. The in vivo effect was investigated through a xenograft nude mouse model. We found that dihydroisotanshinone I (DT), a pure compound present in danshen, can inhibit the growth of breast carcinoma cells, including MCF-7 cells and MDA-MB-231 cells. Moreover, DT induced apoptosis and ferroptosis in these breast cancer cells. DT also repressed the protein expression of GPX4 (Glutathione peroxidase 4). For in vivo study, DT treatment also significantly inhibited the final tumor volume without adverse effects in a xenograft nude mouse model. In conclusion, danshen has protective efforts in breast cancer patients, which could be attributed to DT through inducing apoptosis and ferroptosis of breast cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Shih Lin
- Department of Pharmacy, Chiayi Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan.,Institute of Molecular Biology, National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chia Shen
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Chiayi Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Yuan Wu
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Chiayi Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan.,School of Chinese Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Ying Tsai
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Chiayi Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Yao-Hsu Yang
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Chiayi Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan.,School of Chinese Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
| | - Yin-Yin Lin
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Chiayi Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Feng-Che Kuan
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Chiayi Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Nan Lu
- Division of Acupuncture and Chinese Traumatology, Department of TCM, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Geng-He Chang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan.,Center of Excellence for Chang Gung Research Datalink, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Shao Tsai
- Department of Otolaryngology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Ming Hsu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Reming-Albert Yeh
- Department of Otolaryngology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Rung Yang
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Chiayi Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - I-Yun Lee
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Chiayi Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Li-Hsin Shu
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Chiayi Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ching Cheng
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Chiayi Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Te Liu
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Chiayi Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Huei Wu
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Chiayi Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Heng Wu
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Chiayi Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - De-Ching Chang
- Institute of Molecular Biology, National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi, Taiwan
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Abstract
Aldosterone, secreted by the adrenal zona glomerulosa, enhances sodium retention, thus increasing blood volume and pressure. Excessive production of aldosterone results in high blood pressure and contributes to cardiovascular and renal disease, stroke and visual loss. Hypertension is also associated with obesity, which is correlated with other serious health risks as well. Although weight gain is associated with increased blood pressure, the mechanism by which excess fat deposits increase blood pressure remains unclear. Several studies have suggested that aldosterone levels are elevated with obesity and may represent a link between obesity and hypertension. In addition to hypertension, obese patients typically have dyslipidemia, including elevated serum levels of very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL). VLDL, which functions to transport triglycerides from the liver to peripheral tissues, has been demonstrated to stimulate aldosterone production. Recent studies suggest that the signaling pathways activated by VLDL are similar to those utilized by AngII. Thus, VLDL increases cytosolic calcium levels and stimulates phospholipase D (PLD) activity to result in the induction of steroidogenic acute regulatory (StAR) protein and aldosterone synthase (CYP11B2) expression. These effects seem to be mediated by the ability of VLDL to increase the phosphorylation (activation) of their regulatory transcription factors, such as the cAMP response element-binding (CREB) protein family of transcription factors. Thus, research into the pathways by which VLDL stimulates aldosterone production may identify novel targets for the development of therapies for the treatment of hypertension, particularly those associated with obesity, and other aldosterone-modulated pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Ying Tsai
- Department of PhysiologyMedical College of Georgia at Augusta University (formerly Georgia Regents University), Augusta, Georgia, USA
| | - William E Rainey
- Departments of Molecular & Integrative Physiology and Internal MedicineUniversity of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Wendy B Bollag
- Department of PhysiologyMedical College of Georgia at Augusta University (formerly Georgia Regents University), Augusta, Georgia, USA
- Charlie Norwood VA Medical CenterOne Freedom Way, Augusta, Georgia, USA
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Tsai YY, Rainey WE, Johnson MH, Bollag WB. VLDL-activated cell signaling pathways that stimulate adrenal cell aldosterone production. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2016; 433:138-46. [PMID: 27222295 PMCID: PMC4955520 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2016.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2016] [Revised: 05/20/2016] [Accepted: 05/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Aldosterone plays an important role in regulating ion and fluid homeostasis and thus blood pressure, and hyperaldosteronism results in hypertension. Hypertension is also observed with obesity, which is associated with additional health risks, including cardiovascular disease. Obese individuals have high serum levels of very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL), which has been shown to stimulate aldosterone production; however, the mechanisms underlying VLDL-induced aldosterone production are still unclear. Here we demonstrate in human adrenocortical carcinoma (HAC15) cells that submaximal concentrations of angiotensin II and VLDL stimulate aldosterone production in an additive fashion, suggesting the possibility of common mechanisms of action. We show using inhibitors that VLDL-induced aldosterone production is mediated by the PLC/IP3/PKC signaling pathway. Our results suggest that PKC is upstream of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) activation previously observed with VLDL. An understanding of the mechanisms mediating VLDL-induced aldosterone production may provide insights into therapies to treat obesity-associated hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Ying Tsai
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, 1120 15th Street, Augusta, GA, 30912, United States
| | - William E Rainey
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, 1120 15th Street, Augusta, GA, 30912, United States
| | - Maribeth H Johnson
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, 1120 15th Street, Augusta, GA, 30912, United States
| | - Wendy B Bollag
- Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, One Freedom Way, Augusta, GA, 30904, United States; Department of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, 1120 15th Street, Augusta, GA, 30912, United States.
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Tsai YY, Lee JJ, Hsieh WH. Determinants of the public intent to receive the seasonal influenza vaccine and protective behaviors: a population-based study in Taiwan. Vaccine 2014; 32:6667-75. [PMID: 25240751 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2014.08.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2013] [Revised: 07/16/2014] [Accepted: 08/22/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIMS this study aims to identify the determinants of perceived changes in protective behaviors against seasonal influenza and the intent to receive the seasonal influenza vaccine among Taiwanese in 2011. METHODS During the early 2011-2012 influenza season, we conducted a nationwide survey with randomly stratified samples and collected 1400 self-reported questionnaires from respondents aged 15 years and above using the computer-aided telephone interviewing software in Taiwan. RESULTS One-third of the respondents intended to receive the seasonal influenza vaccine. Knowledge of protective behaviors against influenza was the most common predictor of perceived changes in different protective behaviors and the intent to receive the seasonal influenza vaccine. Older respondents were significantly more inclined to perceive changes in protective behaviors than younger respondents (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] ranging from 1.7 to 2.5). Female respondents were significantly more likely to change their behavior in wearing a face mask (AOR=1.5; 95% CI, 1.09 to 2.07) and buying antimicrobial products (AOR=1.45; 95% CI, 1.09 to 1.92) compared with males. Furthermore, recipients of past H1N1 (AOR=4.45; 95% CI, 3.03 to 6.53) and seasonal influenza vaccines (AOR=6.1; 95% CI, 3.31 to 11.23) were more likely to obtain the seasonal influenza vaccine. In contrast, individuals aged 30-49 (AOR=0.53; 95% CI, 0.38 to 0.74) and females (AOR=0.65; 95% CI, 0.48 to 0.87) were significantly less likely to intend to receive the seasonal influenza vaccine. CONCLUSIONS The findings suggest that the predictors of perceived changes in protective behaviors and intent to receive the seasonal influenza vaccine differ. We provide perspectives and suggestions for overcoming the perceived barriers and for developing targeted risk-communication campaigns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Ying Tsai
- Department of Communication Studies, Tzu Chi University, Hualien City 97004, Taiwan, ROC.
| | - Jen-Jyh Lee
- Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Hualien and Tzu Chi University, Hualien City 97004, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Wan-Hua Hsieh
- Department of Public Health, Tzu Chi University, Hualien City 97004, Taiwan, ROC
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Tsai YY, Rainey WE, Pan ZQ, Frohman MA, Choudhary V, Bollag WB. Phospholipase D activity underlies very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL)-induced aldosterone production in adrenal glomerulosa cells. Endocrinology 2014; 155:3550-60. [PMID: 24956203 DOI: 10.1210/en.2014-1159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Aldosterone is the mineralocorticoid responsible for sodium retention, thus increased blood volume and pressure. Excessive production of aldosterone results in high blood pressure as well as renal disease, stroke, and visual loss via both direct effects and effects on blood pressure. Weight gain is often associated with increased blood pressure, but it remains unclear how obesity increases blood pressure. Obese patients typically have higher lipoprotein levels; moreover, some studies have suggested that aldosterone levels are also elevated and represent a link between obesity and hypertension. Very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) functions to transport triglycerides from the liver to peripheral tissues. Although previous studies have demonstrated that VLDL can stimulate aldosterone production, the mechanisms underlying this effect are largely unclear. Here we show for the first time that phospholipase D (PLD) is involved in VLDL-induced aldosterone production in both a human adrenocortical cell line (HAC15) and primary cultures of bovine zona glomerulosa cells. Our data also reveal that PLD mediates steroidogenic acute regulatory (StAR) protein and aldosterone synthase (CYP11B2) expression via increasing the phosphorylation (activation) of their regulatory transcription factors. Finally, by using selective PLD inhibitors, our studies suggest that both PLD1 and PLD2 isoforms play an important role in VLDL-induced aldosterone production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Ying Tsai
- Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center (V.C., W.B.B.), Augusta, Georgia 30904; Department of Physiology (Y.-Y.T., W.E.R., Z.P., V.C., W.B.B.), Medical College of Georgia at Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia 30912; and Department of Pharmacology and Center for Developmental Genetics (M.A.F.), Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794
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Pan ZQ, Xie D, Choudhary V, Seremwe M, Tsai YY, Olala L, Chen X, Bollag WB. The effect of pioglitazone on aldosterone and cortisol production in HAC15 human adrenocortical carcinoma cells. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2014; 394:119-28. [PMID: 25038520 PMCID: PMC4237224 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2014.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2014] [Revised: 06/16/2014] [Accepted: 07/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Pioglitazone belongs to the class of drugs called thiazolidinediones (TZDs), which are widely used as insulin sensitizers in the treatment of diabetes. A major side effect of TZDs is fluid retention. The steroid hormone aldosterone also promotes sodium and fluid retention; however, the effect of pioglitazone on aldosterone production is controversial. We analyzed the effect of pioglitazone alone and in combination with angiotensin II (AngII) on the late rate-limiting step of adrenocortical steroidogenesis in human adrenocortical carcinoma HAC15 cells. Treatment with pioglitazone for 24 h significantly increased the expression of CYP11B2 and enhanced AngII-induced CYP11B2 expression. Despite the observed changes in mRNA levels, pioglitazone significantly inhibited AngII-induced aldosterone production and CYP11B2 protein levels. On the other hand, pioglitazone stimulated the expression of the unfolded protein response (UPR) marker DDIT3, with this effect occurring at early times and inhibitable by the PPARγ antagonist GW9962. The levels of DDIT3 (CHOP) and phospho-eIF2α (Ser51), a UPR-induced event that inhibits protein translation, were also increased. Thus, pioglitazone promotes CYP11B2 expression but nevertheless inhibits aldosterone production in AngII-treated HAC15 cells, likely by blocking global protein translation initiation through DDIT3 and phospho-eIF2α. In contrast, pioglitazone promoted AngII-induced CYP11B1 expression and cortisol production. Since cortisol enhances lipolysis, this result suggests the possibility that PPARs, activated by products of fatty acid oxidation, stimulate cortisol secretion to promote utilization of fatty acids during fasting. In turn, the ability of pioglitazone to stimulate cortisol production could potentially underlie the effects of this drug on fluid retention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-qiang Pan
- Department of Physiology, Georgia Regents University (Medical College of Georgia), 1120 15th Street, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; School of Basic Medical Science, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Ding Xie
- Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, One Freedom Way, Augusta, GA 30904, USA; Department of Physiology, Georgia Regents University (Medical College of Georgia), 1120 15th Street, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Vivek Choudhary
- Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, One Freedom Way, Augusta, GA 30904, USA; Department of Physiology, Georgia Regents University (Medical College of Georgia), 1120 15th Street, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Mutsa Seremwe
- Department of Physiology, Georgia Regents University (Medical College of Georgia), 1120 15th Street, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Ying-Ying Tsai
- Department of Physiology, Georgia Regents University (Medical College of Georgia), 1120 15th Street, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Lawrence Olala
- Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, One Freedom Way, Augusta, GA 30904, USA; Department of Physiology, Georgia Regents University (Medical College of Georgia), 1120 15th Street, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Xunsheng Chen
- Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, One Freedom Way, Augusta, GA 30904, USA; Department of Physiology, Georgia Regents University (Medical College of Georgia), 1120 15th Street, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Wendy B Bollag
- Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, One Freedom Way, Augusta, GA 30904, USA; Department of Physiology, Georgia Regents University (Medical College of Georgia), 1120 15th Street, Augusta, GA 30912, USA.
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11
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Abstract
The mineralocorticoid aldosterone plays an important role in regulating blood pressure, with excess causing hypertension and exacerbating cardiovascular disease. Previous studies have indicated a role for both phospholipase D (PLD) and protein kinase D (PKD) in angiotensin II (AngII)-regulated aldosterone production in adrenal glomerulosa cells. Therefore, the relationship between AngII-activated PLD and PKD was determined in two glomerulosa cell models, primary bovine zona glomerulosa (ZG) and HAC15 human adrenocortical carcinoma cells, using two inhibitors, 1-butanol and the reported PLD inhibitor, fluoro-2-indolyl des-chlorohalopemide (FIPI). FIPI was first confirmed to decrease PLD activation in response to AngII in the two glomerulosa cell models. Subsequently, it was shown that both 1-butanol and FIPI inhibited AngII-elicited PKD activation and aldosterone production. These results indicate that PKD is downstream of PLD and suggest that PKD is one of the mechanisms through which PLD promotes aldosterone production in response to AngII in adrenal glomerulosa cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lawrence O. Olala
- Department of Physiology, Georgia Health Sciences University (formerly the Medical College of Georgia), 1120 15th Street, Augusta, GA 30912
| | - Mutsa Seremwe
- Department of Physiology, Georgia Health Sciences University (formerly the Medical College of Georgia), 1120 15th Street, Augusta, GA 30912
| | - Ying-Ying Tsai
- Department of Physiology, Georgia Health Sciences University (formerly the Medical College of Georgia), 1120 15th Street, Augusta, GA 30912
| | - Wendy B. Bollag
- Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, One Freedom Way, Augusta, GA 30904
- Department of Physiology, Georgia Health Sciences University (formerly the Medical College of Georgia), 1120 15th Street, Augusta, GA 30912
- Departments of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Medicine, Oral Biology and Orthopaedic Surgery, Georgia Health Sciences University, 1120 15th Street, Augusta, GA 30912
- To whom correspondence should be addressed: Wendy Bollag, Georgia Health Sciences University, Department of Physiology, 1120 15th Street, Augusta, GA 30912, TEL: (706) 721-0698, FAX: (706) 721-7299,
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12
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Sleep is an important issue for cancer patients and caregivers and poor sleep quality may have deleterious effects on health. This study will examine the correlation between sleep quality and quality of life of breast cancer caregivers. METHOD A cross-sectional and correlational design was used to explore the relationship between sleep quality and the quality of life of caregivers. Sixty-one participants were identified by invasive early breast cancer patients, who were diagnosed within the period of 18-month period, as their primary caregivers. The World Health Organization Questionnaire on Quality of Life: BREF-Taiwan version (WHOQOL-BREF-TAIWAN) and the Chinese Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (CPSQI) were used to measure the quality of life and sleep quality of caregivers, respectively. RESULT Eighty-nine percent of caregivers from this study reported possible sleep difficulties. The scores of CPSQI scores were negatively correlated with the score of every domain of the WHOQOL-BREF-TAIWAN. DISCUSSION The results suggest that sleep quality may have an impact on several aspects of the quality of life of caregivers. Understanding the correlation between sleep quality and the quality of life of caregivers may assist health professionals in enhancing the sleep quality of caregivers and their ability to care for patients and themselves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward Wei-Chung Chang
- Institute of Behavior Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, No. 1, Ta-Hsueh Road, Tainan 701, Taiwan, ROC
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13
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Tsai YY, Tsai YY, Cheng YW, Lee H, Tseng SH, Tsai CH, Tsai FJ. No association of p53 codon 72 and p21 codon 31 polymorphisms in Taiwan Chinese patients with pterygium. Br J Ophthalmol 2004; 88:975-6. [PMID: 15205257 PMCID: PMC1772236 DOI: 10.1136/bjo.2003.040428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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14
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Kung YY, Chen FP, Chaung HL, Chou CT, Tsai YY, Hwang SJ. Evaluation of acupuncture effect to chronic myofascial pain syndrome in the cervical and upper back regions by the concept of Meridians. ACUPUNCTURE ELECTRO 2002; 26:195-202. [PMID: 11761448 DOI: 10.3727/036012901816355947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Myofascial pain syndrome (MPS) in the cervical and upper back regions is a common medical problem. The involved muscles include trapezius, multifidi, splenius cervicis, levator scapulae, supraspinatus or infraspinatus. Acupuncture is a well-known method for relief of chronic pain. In this study, we evaluated the effect of acupuncture in MPS and its durability by using the concept of meridians. Twenty-nine patients with chronic MPS in the upper back and cervical regions received acupuncture 2 times per week for 3 weeks. According to the pathways of the meridians, we chose acupuncture points by the pain regions located in which parts of meridian passing (i.e. "Where the meridian passes, where to treat the disease."). We evaluated the intensity of pain by visual analog scales (VAS) and active range of motion (ROM) of neck before and after therapy. After receiving acupuncture for 3 weeks, VAS of pain fell significantly from 9.0+/-1.0 to 4.9+/-2.5 and active ROM of neck significantly increased from 35.8+/-10.2 degrees to 61.3+/-9.4 degrees (p<0.05). The onset of symptom relief was gradual and duration of symptom relief after a course of acupuncture was average 5.3+/-1.2 days. In conclusion, acupuncture is a somewhat effective method for pain relief of patients with chronic MPS in the cervical and upper back regions. However, the effect of acupuncture with the concept of meridians on MPS is insidious and the duration of the relief is not long enough.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Y Kung
- Center for Traditional Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
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15
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Lin
- Department of Ophthalmology, China Medical College Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
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16
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Chou CT, Tsai YY. A double-blind, randomized, controlled parallel group study evaluating the efficacy and safety of acemetacin for the management of osteoarthritis. Int J Clin Pharmacol Res 2002; 22:1-6. [PMID: 12395912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/19/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to compare the efficacy and tolerability of a new form of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug (NSAID), acematacin (Acemet), with indomethacin, in patients suffering from osteoarthritis (OA). Patients diagnosed with OA were included in a double-blind, randomized, controlled parallel group study A total of 42 patients were randomized to either acemetacin 60 mg t.i.d. or indomethacin 25 mg t.i.d. for 28 days. At an outpatient clinic, each patient was followed up regularly for efficacy, compliance and possible adverse events. Both drugs produced a statistically significant improvement for primary efficacy variables: change of pain score during motion and restriction of body movement. Values for overall tolerability and incidence of gastrointestinal side effects were significantly lower for acemetacin than for indomethacin. We therefore suggest that acemetacin, by demonstrating significant tolerability and safety advantages, is as effective as indomethacin for the treatment of OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- C T Chou
- Department of Medicine, Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC.
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17
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Tsai YY, Lin JM, Tsai SC. Giant tear retinal detachment after laser in situ keratomileusis--a case report. Kaohsiung J Med Sci 2001; 17:586-9. [PMID: 11852468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
A 42-year-old woman with a refractive error of -10.00S - 2.00C x 105 degrees in the right eye underwent laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) at our hospital. LASIK was performed using the Schwind excimer laser (Keratom Multiscan, Schwind, Kleinostheim, Germany) and Moria LSK--One manual microkeratome with a 130 microns ablation plate. The uncorrected visual acuity improved postoperatively, and the patient was very satisfied. However, nine months later, she complained of sudden loss of visual acuity in the right eye. Indirect ophthalmoscopy revealed a giant retinal tear extending from 10:00 to 2:00 o'clock position with retinal detachment and vitreous hemorrhage. We performed scleral buckling procedure (with silicone band encircling), vitrectomy, and fluid-gas exchange with air/SF6 mixture. The retina attached postoperatively and remained so during 3-month follow-up period, but cellophane maculopathy was noted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Y Tsai
- Department of Ophthalmology, China Medical College Hospital, 2 Yuh Der Road, Taichung, Taiwan
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18
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Lin CT, Tsai YY. Klebsiella pneumoniae orbital cellulitis. Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi (Taipei) 2001; 64:551-4. [PMID: 11768288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
We present a case of orbital cellulitis due to Klebsiellapneumoniae infection. The computed tomography revealed cellulitis over the right cheek with abscess formation in the right eyelid and ipsilateral chronic obstructive sinusitis. Incision and drainage of orbital abscess and functional endoscopic sinus surgery were performed sequentially. Klebsiella pneumoniae was confirmed via culture from these two lesions. The patient achieved complete remission without sequalae after surgical intervention and systemic antibiotics. We describe a successfully treated case of Klebsiella pneumoniae orbital cellulitis, which has never been reported before.
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Affiliation(s)
- C T Lin
- Department of Ophthalmology, China Medical College Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
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19
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Hsieh SC, Sun KH, Tsai CY, Tsai YY, Tsai ST, Huang DF, Han SH, Yu HS, Yu CL. Monoclonal anti-double stranded DNA antibody is a leucocyte-binding protein to up-regulate interleukin-8 gene expression and elicit apoptosis of normal human polymorphonuclear neutrophils. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2001; 40:851-8. [PMID: 11511752 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/40.8.851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine whether anti-double stranded DNA (anti-dsDNA) autoantibody could bind and affect the functions of normal human polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN). METHODS Normal human PMN were incubated with different concentrations of a monoclonal mouse anti-dsDNA antibody (12B3) or mouse isotype-matched IgG2a. The binding of anti-dsDNA and PMN was measured by flow cytometry and interleukin-8 (IL-8) gene expression in PMN was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). PMN apoptosis was justified by morphological changes. The cognate antigen(s) of anti-dsDNA on the PMN surface was identified by membrane biotinylation, immunoprecipitation and Western blot. RESULTS The binding of PMN with anti-dsDNA was much higher than with non-specific mouse IgG2a (70.8 vs 2.0%). Anti-dsDNA at concentrations higher than 12.5 ng/ml significantly enhanced the production and mRNA expression of IL-8 by PMN. However, anti-dsDNA facilitated PMN apoptosis after 3 h incubation. Western blot analysis of biotinylated PMN cell lysates demonstrated that a 50-52 kDa membrane molecule is the cognate antigen of anti-dsDNA. CONCLUSIONS Anti-dsDNA autoantibody up-regulates IL-8 gene expression and elicits activation-induced cell death (AICD) of human PMN via binding to a 50-52 kDa membrane-expressed molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- S C Hsieh
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
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20
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Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the effect of laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) on color vision. SETTING Department of Ophthalmology, China Medical College Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan. METHOD This prospective study comprised consecutive patients having LASIK. Patients were eligible for inclusion if they had a best corrected visual acuity of 20/20 or better and a normal color vision test preoperatively and an uncorrected near visual acuity of 20/40 or better postoperatively. Color vision was tested using the Farnsworth-Munsell 100-hue test (FM 100 test) preoperatively and 1 day, 1 week, and 1 month postoperatively. RESULTS Twenty-nine eyes of 15 patients having LASIK were enrolled in the study. The mean patient age was 29.2 years +/- 2.9 (SD). The mean preoperative spherical equivalent refractive error was -5.6 +/- 1.8 diopters, and the mean preoperative error score of the FM 100 test was 3.79 +/- 1.55. After surgery, no significant change in the error score was observed at 1 day (4.30 +/- 1.07, P =.1039, paired t test), 1 week (3.72 +/- 1.25, P =.8125, paired t test), or 1 month (3.97 +/- 1.29, P =.6149, paired t test). CONCLUSION Laser in situ keratomileusis did not affect color vision evaluated by the FM 100 test.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Y Tsai
- Department of Ophthalmology, China Medical College Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
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21
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Tsai YY, Tseng SH. Risk factors in endophthalmitis leading to evisceration or enucleation. Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 2001; 32:208-12. [PMID: 11371087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE This study aimed to evaluate the risk factors associated with evisceration or enucleation in endophthalmitis cases. PATIENTS AND METHODS A retrospective analysis was conducted of all cases of endophthalmitis in a single unit over a 10-year period. The cases were divided into two groups. The group 1 consisted of patients with endophthalmitis who underwent evisceration or enucleation. The group 2 included patients with endophthalmitis who recovered with intravitreal injection or vitrectomy. RESULTS During the 10-year study period, 86 patients with endophthalmitis were admitted for treatment. Evisceration or enucleation was undergone by 20 patients (23.2%) (Group 1); Group 2 consisted of 66 patients. Older age (P = 0.03), no light perception at presentation (P < 0.0001), endophthalmitis associated with corneal ulcer (P < 0.0001), and endogenous endophthalmitis (P = 0.048) were statistically significant factors associated with the need for evisceration or enucleation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Y Tsai
- Department of Ophthalmology, China Medical College Hospital, Taichung Taiwan
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22
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Abstract
A micro-dialysis method was developed to isolate aqueous salicylic acid from viscous emulsion samples prior to HPLC determination. The optimal conditions for obtaining dialysis efficiency of salicylic acid as well as chromatographic conditions were investigated. Experimental results indicated that the dialysis achieved at pH 2.0 (0.025 M phosphate solution), 0.5 M NaCl addition, and 50-microl/min flow-rate of perfusion stream offered an optimal result. The proposed method provided a simple procedure for isolating salicylic acid from viscous emulsion samples. Application was illustrated by the analysis of salicylic acid in cosmetic products.
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Affiliation(s)
- J F Je
- Department of Chemistry, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC.
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23
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Abstract
Esculetin, a coumarin compound, has been shown to exhibit antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. In the present study, esculetin was found to inhibit the survival of human promyelocytic leukemia HL-60 cells in a concentration-dependent and time-dependent manner. HL-60 cells underwent internucleosomal DNA fragmentation and morphological changes characteristic of apoptosis after a 24-h treatment with esculetin (100 microM). Flow cytometric analysis showed that the hypodiploid nuclei of HL-60 cells were increased to 40.93% after a 36-h treatment with esculetin (100 microM). Further investigation showed that esculetin induced the release of cytochrome c from mitochondria into cytosol in a time-dependent and concentration-dependent manner. Moreover, esculetin application reduced Bcl-2 protein expression to 58% after 9 h as compared with that time at 0. Cysteine protease 32 kDa proenzyme (CPP32), a caspase 3, was activated and its substrate, poly (adenosine diphosphate-ribose) polymerase, was cleaved after a 24-h treatment of HL-60 cells with esculetin. These data suggest that esculetin induces apoptosis in human leukemia cells by increasing cytosolic translocation of cytochrome c and activation of CPP32.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Y Chu
- Department and Institute of Biochemistry, Chung Shan Medical and Dental College, No. 110, Section 1, Chien Kuo N. Road, 402, Taichung, Taiwan
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24
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Tsai CY, Yu CL, Wu TH, Lu JY, Lair TS, Tsai YY, Chou CT. Polyclonal anticardiolipin antibodies purified from sera of patients with active systemic lupus erythematosus induce apoptosis of the cultured glomerular mesangial cells. Scand J Rheumatol 2001; 29:370-9. [PMID: 11132206 DOI: 10.1080/030097400447570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To test the effect of anticardiolipin antibodies (aCL) on cultured glomerular mesangial cells with regard to their expression of apoptosis-related genes. METHODS aCL purified from active lupus sera by cardiolipin micelles were incubated with cultured rodent mesangial cells (RMC). Morphological changes of the RMC were observed. The genomic DNA was extracted for the detection of apoptosis. The total cell RNA was extracted for detection of Fas, c-myc, p53, and bcl-2 transcripts by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS aCL (100 GPL-U/0.1 mg protein/ml) bound to RMC more prominent than human IgG (100 microg/ml). The antibodies suppressed RMC proliferation in a dose-dependent manner. The RMC were undergoing apoptosis as evidenced by morphologic changes, fluoresceinannexin V staining and appearance of nucleosome-sized DNA fragments. RMC spontaneously express p53 and c-myc but not Fas or bcl-2. aCL (100 GPL-U/ml) enhanced the expression of Fas but not other apoptosis-related genes and suppressed the intracellular tyrosine phosphorylation. CONCLUSIONS Binding of aCL can induce apoptosis of the RMC. The aCL may be implicated in the pathogenesis of lupus nephritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Y Tsai
- Section of Allergy, Immunology, & Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taiwan.
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25
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Abstract
PURPOSE To assess the effects of laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) on the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL). METHOD In a prospective study, the RNFL thickness of 35 eyes of 20 consecutive patients was measured before and 1 month after LASIK by scanning laser polarimetry. RESULTS The postoperative integrals and averages of RNFL thickness were statistically significantly lower than preoperative values, except in the temporal quadrant. CONCLUSION LASIK has a significant effect on RNFL thickness determined by scanning laser polarimetry. Further studies are needed to determine whether the corneal compensation algorithms are affected by the keratome flap, whether the decreased averages and integrals of the RNFL thickness are reversible, and how to protect the RNFL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Y Tsai
- Department of Ophthalmology, China Medical College Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China
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26
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Lin WL, Wang CJ, Tsai YY, Liu CL, Hwang JM, Tseng TH. Inhibitory effect of esculetin on oxidative damage induced by t-butyl hydroperoxide in rat liver. Arch Toxicol 2000; 74:467-72. [PMID: 11097384 DOI: 10.1007/s002040000148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Increasing evidence regarding free radical-generating agents and inflammatory processes suggests that accumulation of reactive oxygen species can cause hepatotoxicity. A short-chain analog of lipid hydroperoxide, t-butyl hydroperoxide (t-BHP), can be metabolized to free radical intermediates by cytochrome P-450 in hepatocytes, which in turn can initiate lipid peroxidation, affect cell integrity and result in cell injury. In this study, we used t-BHP to induce hepatotoxicity in vitro and in vivo and determined the antioxidative bioactivity of esculetin, a coumarin compound. Our investigations showed that pretreatment with esculetin (5-20 microg/ml) significantly decreased the leakage of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and alanine transaminase (ALT), and also decreased the formation of malondialdehyde (MDA) in primary cultured rat hepatocytes induced by a 30-min treatment with t-BHP. An in vivo study in rats showed that pretreatment with esculetin (i.p.) at concentrations of 0.5 and 5 mg/kg for 5 days before a single i.p. dose of t-BHP (0.1 mmol/kg) significantly lowered the serum levels of the hepatic enzyme markers (ALT and AST) and reduced oxidative stress in the liver. Histopathological evaluation of the rat livers revealed that esculetin reduced the incidence of liver lesions induced by t-BHP, including hepatocyte swelling, leukocyte infiltration, and necrosis. Based on the results described above, we speculate that esculetin may play a chemopreventive role via reducing oxidative stress in living systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- W L Lin
- Department of Pathology, Chung Shan Medical and Dental College, Taichung, Taiwan
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27
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Abstract
The stability of total morphine in urine stored under various conditions was studied using control and experimental specimens. Samples in the control group were prepared using drug-free urine spiked with morphine at three concentration levels (300, 1000, and 2500 ng/mL), each with the pH adjusted to 5.5, 6.5, and 7.5. Samples in the experimental group came from 20 alleged heroin addicts (provided by Taipei Municipal Psychiatric Hospital). Samples in both groups were divided into two categories--one with and one without the precipitate (formed at 0 degrees C) removed. Samples in each of these two categories were further divided into two sub-groups--one with and one without sodium azide (0.05%) added. Total morphine contents in these samples were first determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry prior to storage and at 6, 12, 18, and 24 months following storage at -20, 4, 25, and 35 degrees C. Effects of sample treatment (azide addition and precipitate removal), pH, and storage temperature and length were evaluated by examining the percentage of total morphine remaining at the four time intervals following the initial determination. Major findings were as follows: (1) total morphine decomposition was minimal when stored for 12 months at -20 degrees C, which is a common current practice; (2) samples with lower initial sample pH had slower total morphine decomposition rates; and (3) azide addition appeared to have no detectable effect, whereas precipitate removal appeared to marginally reduce the decomposition rate, especially for samples with lower pH.
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Affiliation(s)
- B L Chang
- Division of Drug Chemistry, National Laboratories of Foods and Drugs, Department of Health, Nankang, Taipei, Taiwan
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28
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Tsai CY, Wu TH, Yu CL, Lu JY, Tsai YY. Increased excretions of beta2-microglobulin, IL-6, and IL-8 and decreased excretion of Tamm-Horsfall glycoprotein in urine of patients with active lupus nephritis. Nephron Clin Pract 2000; 85:207-14. [PMID: 10867535 DOI: 10.1159/000045663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Tubulointerstitial nephritis is a less frequently recognized but important complication of systemic lupus erythematosus. We have investigated the cytokine beta2-microglobulin (beta2M) and Tamm-Horsfall glycoprotein (THG) excretions in the urine of systemic lupus erythematosus patients to identify indices for evaluation of tubulointerstitial inflammation in lupus nephritis (LN). Daily urine was collected from 15 patients with active LN, from 12 patients with inactive LN, and from 17 normal subjects. The amounts of soluble interleukin (IL) 2 receptor, IL-6, IL-8, beta2M, and THG in urine were measured. Beta2M and THG were regarded as indicators of proximal and distal renal tubule function, respectively. The urinary excretions of IL-6 and IL-8 were significantly higher in patients with active LN than in those with inactive LN and in normal individuals. The excretion of soluble IL-2 receptor in all three groups of subjects was not significantly different. On the other hand, the excretion of beta2M in patients with LN was significantly higher than that in normal individuals. The excretion of beta2M in patients with active or inactive LN was not significantly different. The THG excretion was lower in patients with active LN and tubulointerstitial inflammation as compared with patients with inactive LN or normal individuals. Six patients underwent pulse cyclophosphamide therapy during the course of experiments. Five of them showed a decrease in IL-8 and IL-6 excretions in urine after the treatment. The excretions of beta2M and THG in urine, in addition to IL-6 and IL-8, can reflect the renal inflammatory activity in patients with lupus tubulointerstitial nephritis as well as in those having lupus glomerulonephritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Y Tsai
- Section of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Abstract
Anecdotal reports of hereditary colorectal cancer suggest that genetic anticipation (earlier appearance in successive generations) occurs, but ascertainment bias and cohort effects confound this interpretation. Using approaches that correct for such biases, we examined the age at diagnosis of colorectal cancer from family history questionnaires completed by subjects in the Johns Hopkins Hereditary Colorectal Cancer Registry; 475 parent-offspring pairs in 308 pedigrees were studied. We observed the expected cohort effect among offspring, in that the mean ages at diagnosis of those born before 1921, between 1921 and 1930, and after 1930 were 63 +/- 13 (SD), 57 +/- 10, and 42 +/- 10 years, respectively, while their parents' mean ages were 65 +/- 14, 66 +/- 14, and 58 +/- 15 years, respectively. In the cohort born before 1921, in which observation periods for both parents and offspring were comparable, there was no difference in age at diagnosis by pairwise comparison or life table analysis (P = 0.15 and 0.23, respectively; r = 0.32). Subgroup analysis of 67 pairs from 38 families that met the International Collaborative Group (ICG) criteria for hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC) and of 14 pairs from 7 families with known germline mutations of DNA mismatch repair genes also showed no significant differences (mean age at diagnosis: 56 +/- 14 years for parents and 57 +/- 16 years for offspring from ICG families, and 45 +/- 10 years for parents and 44 +/- 12 years for offspring in families with known mutations). We also found no evidence for effect of parental gender on age at diagnosis in offspring of either gender, nor a secular trend toward younger onset colorectal cancer in this sample. In conclusion, there is no evidence for genetic anticipation or genomic imprinting of age at diagnosis in this sample of colorectal cancer families. Apparent anticipation appears to reflect a birth cohort bias of ascertainment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Y Tsai
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Hygiene and Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21205-2179, USA
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30
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Abstract
PURPOSE To assess the incidence and natural history of central islands following laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) and evaluate the association of central island characteristics with visual acuity. SETTING Department of Ophthalmology, China Medical College Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan. METHODS A consecutive series of 406 eyes of 212 patients who had LASIK was retrospectively evaluated. Uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA) was measured and corneal topography performed preoperatively and 1 week and 1, 3, 6, and 9 months postoperatively. Best spectacle-corrected visual acuity (BSCVA) was evaluated preoperatively and 1, 3, and 6 months postoperatively. RESULTS The topographic images obtained at 1 week demonstrated central islands in 23 eyes of 20 patients (5.7%). No new cases of central island formation were identified after 1 week. Of the 23 eyes with central islands, the 6 month post-LASIK maps were available in 20 eyes of 18 patients. There was a significant difference in the size and power of the central islands between 1 week and 6 months. However, the power and size decreased slowly. Within 6 months, only 5 of 20 central islands (25.0%) had resolved. Eight eyes were undercorrected, and 1 eye lost 2 lines of BSCVA. Central islands larger than 1.8 mm or 3.0 diopters (D) were significantly correlated with lower UCVA. CONCLUSION Most central islands that occur with LASIK persist more than 6 months. Large central islands (>/=1.8 mm or >/=3.0 D) are risk factors for lower UCVA. Preventive measures are necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Y Tsai
- Department of Ophthalmology, China Medical College Hospital, (Tsai), Taichung, Taiwan
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Huang DF, Tsai CY, Tsai YY, Liu RS, Yang AH, Chou CD. Reiter's syndrome caused by Streptococcus viridans in a patient with HLA-B27 antigen. Clin Exp Rheumatol 2000; 18:394-6. [PMID: 10895381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
A 26-year-old male patient with mitral valve prolapse and HLA-B27 antigen received endodontic treatment for dental caries. Two weeks later fever, dysuria, diarrhea, sterile inflammatory arthritis of lower limbs, enthesitis, dactylitis, conjunctivitis, and uveitis consecutively developed. Blood culture performed at the time of active arthritis yielded Streptococcus viridans. He did not have any history of psoriasis, acute infectious diarrhea, chronic inflammatory bowel diseases, or sexually transmitted diseases. Laboratory studies also excluded the possibility of infections by human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis B or C virus, chlamydia, and streptococci from the upper airway. This report indicates that Streptococcus viridans can be the triggering microorganisms of Reiter's syndrome in some circumstances.
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Affiliation(s)
- D F Huang
- Department of Medicine, Veterans General Hospital-Taipei, Taiwan
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Tsai YY, Tseng SH. Pediatric endogenous endophthalmitis. J Formos Med Assoc 2000; 99:435-7. [PMID: 10870337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Pediatric endogenous endophthalmitis is a rare disease that can cause serious ophthalmic damage. We describe two cases of pediatric endogenous endophthalmitis. The first occurred in an 8-month-old boy and the second in a 7-day-old girl. These two patients had developed pneumonia due to Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection prior to the onset of ocular symptoms. The interval between the onset of pneumonia and ocular symptoms was 1 week, but endophthalmitis was diagnosed 9 days after the onset of ocular symptoms in the first case and 3 days after the onset of ocular symptoms in the second case. The ocular manifestations included eyelid swelling, purulent discharge, redness, corneal edema, hypopyon, and poor red reflex. Despite treatment with aggressive antimicrobial therapy, both patients became totally blind with eyeball atrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Y Tsai
- Department of Ophthalmology, China Medical College Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
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Tsai CY, Tsai YY, Tsai ST, Wu TH, Yu CL, Chou CT. Peculiar myelopathy in a patient with overlap syndrome with lupus- and rheumatoid-like symptoms. Clin Exp Rheumatol 2000; 18:272-3. [PMID: 10812515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
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Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the ablation centration after active eye-tracker-assisted photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) and laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) and to investigate the effect of surgery, patient, and surgeon on the centration. SETTING Department of Ophthalmology, China Medical College Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China. METHODS This retrospective study comprised 177 eyes of 101 patients: 16 eyes had PRK and 161, LASIK. All laser treatments were performed with the aid of an eye tracker. The amount of decentration was analyzed by corneal topography. The factors influencing centration were divided into surgery related (PRK/LASIK), patient related (low/high myopia and effect of learning), and surgeon related (learning curve). RESULTS The mean decentration was 0.33 mm in PRK eyes and 0.35 mm in LASIK eyes. For the surgery-related factor, there was no significant difference between the PRK and LASIK eyes. For the patient-related factors, centration was better in the second eye (effect of learning) and decentration was more severe in eyes with high myopia (low/high myopia). For the surgeon-related factor, there was no significant difference between eyes that had the first 50 LASIK procedures and those that had the last 50 procedures. CONCLUSIONS An eye tracker, which makes the laser beam follow the eye's movements, helps to avoid severe decentration. This study showed, however, that an active eye-tracking system alone cannot ensure good centration. Patient cooperation and fixation are important.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Y Tsai
- Department of Ophthalmology, China Medical College Hospital, Taichung, Republic of China
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Lee MJ, Wang CJ, Tsai YY, Hwang JM, Lin WL, Tseng TH, Chu CY. Inhibitory effect of 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate-caused tumor promotion in benzo[a]pyrene-initiated CD-1 mouse skin by baicalein. Nutr Cancer 1999; 34:185-91. [PMID: 10578486 DOI: 10.1207/s15327914nc3402_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The effects of topical application of baicalein on 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA)-induced promotion of skin tumors, hyperplasia, ornithine decarboxylase activity, and inflammation were evaluated in female CD-1 mice. Topical application of baicalein (0.08, 0.16, or 0.2 mumol) with TPA (5 nmol) twice weekly for 24 weeks to mice previously initiated with benzo[a]pyrene inhibited the number of TPA-induced tumors per mouse significantly. Preapplication of the same amount of baicalein also afforded significant protection against TPA-induced hyperplasia in the ear skin. Topical application of baicalein inhibited tumor promoter-caused induction of epidermal ornithine decarboxylase activity by TPA (5 nmol). The topical application of baicalein (0.008, 0.016, or 0.02 mumol) inhibited TPA-induced edema of mouse ears by 88%, 96%, or 97%, respectively. Pretreatment of mouse skin with various amounts of baicalein caused inhibition of H2O2 and myeloperoxidase formation by TPA. These results indicate that baicalein can be a potential cancer-chemopreventive agent against tumor promotion.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Lee
- Institute of Biochemistry, Chung Shan Medical and Dental College Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
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Abstract
Two patients had a subluxated crystalline lens: one with Marfan's syndrome and the other with traumatic cataract. A pars plana lensectomy with transscleral fixation of a foldable silicone intraocular lens rather than a conventional poly(methyl methacrylate) lens was performed. Excellent, rapid visual rehabilitation was obtained using this small incision technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Y Tsai
- Department of Ophthalmology, National Cheng-Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan
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Kung YY, Tsai CY, Tsai YY, Huang DF, Tsai ST, Yu CL. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy elicits acute arthritis attack and exacerbation of infection in a patient with infected tophaceous gout and vascular insufficiency. Clin Exp Rheumatol 1998; 16:764. [PMID: 9844782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
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38
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Yu CL, Huang MH, Kung YY, Tsai CY, Tsai YY, Tsai ST, Huang DF, Sun KH, Han SH, Yu HS. Interleukin-13 increases prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) production by normal human polymorphonuclear neutrophils by enhancing cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) gene expression. Inflamm Res 1998; 47:167-73. [PMID: 9628259 DOI: 10.1007/s000110050312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate whether interleukin-13 (IL-13) can affect arachidonic acid metabolism and phagocytic activity of normal human polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN). METHODS Normal human PMN (1 x 10(6) cells/ml) were incubated with different concentrations of IL-13 (0.1-10 ng/ml) for a variety of times (30-120 min). Phagocytosis and intracellular cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) were detected by flow cytometry. The expression of COX-1 and COX-2 mRNA was detected by RT-PCR. The concentration of PGE2 in the PMN cultured supernatants was determined by EIA. RESULTS We found that IL-13 at an optimal concentration of 1 ng/ml significantly enhanced COX-2 gene expression and PGE2 production (121.57 +/- 22.17 pg/ml in IL-13 stimulation vs. 73.16 +/- 11.72 pg/ml in controls) by PMN. In addition, IL-13 stimulated PMN phagocytosis via increased complement receptor type 1 (CR1) and type 3 (CR3), but not IgG Fcgamma receptor type 3 (FcgammaRIII). The cytoplasmic neutral esterase activity of PMN was also enhanced by IL-13 stimulation for 24 h. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that IL-13 can stimulate PMN and modulates the inflammatory reactions via the cyclooxygenase pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- C L Yu
- Department of Medicine and Institute of Clinical Medicine, Veterans General Hospital-Taipei, Taiwan
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Yu CL, Huang MH, Tsai CY, Tsai YY, Tsai ST, Sun KH, Han SH, Yu HS. The effect of human polyclonal anti-dsDNA autoantibodies on apoptotic gene expression in cultured rat glomerular mesangial cells. Scand J Rheumatol 1998; 27:54-60. [PMID: 9506879 DOI: 10.1080/030097498441182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In our previous studies, we found that polyclonal anti-double-stranded DNA antibodies (anti-dsDNA) purified from sera of patients with active systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) were cytotoxic to cultured rat glomerular mesangial cells (RMC) through an apoptotic mechanism. In order to determine whether these nephritogenic antibodies affect the expression of apoptosis-related genes in the tissues, the expression of Fas, p53, c-myc, and bcl-2 genes in the kidneys and livers of 12-week-old normal BALB/c and autoimmune MRL-lpr/lpr mice was detected by a reverse transcription-assisted polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). We found the mRNA of the four genes were expressed in the tissues of the normal mice. In contrast, decreased expression of the four genes in the kidney and absent expression of bcl-2 in the liver of the lpr mice were noted. Interestingly, RMC only expressed p53 and c-myc, but not Fas or bcl-2, in culture. The purified polyclonal anti-dsDNA dose-responsively (50-200 IU/ml) suppressed the 3H-thymidine incorporation of RMC after incubation for 48 h. However, the incubation of 100 IU/ml of anti-dsDNA with RMC for 4 h did not affect the expression of these apoptotic genes. The results suggest that anti-dsDNA induce RMC apoptosis via an unidentified mechanism different from Fas, c-myc or p53 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- C L Yu
- Department of Medicine, Veterans General Hospital-Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
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40
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Kung YY, Tsai CY, Tsai YY, Tsai ST, Yu CL. Enthesopathy in a case of primary biliary cirrhosis with positive HLA-B27. Clin Exp Rheumatol 1997; 15:708-9. [PMID: 9444435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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Abstract
A 65 year-old man with long-standing rheumatoid arthritis (RA) developed pure red cell aplasia (PRCA), which was apparently not caused by drugs or viral infections. The condition responded favorably to danazol in combination with sulfasalazine. This was probably the 2nd case of RA with PRCA in a male patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Y Tsai
- Section of Allergy, Immunology, & Rheumatology, Veterans General Hospital-Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
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42
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Tseng SH, Tsai YY, Chen FK. Successful treatment of recurrent corneal intraepithelial neoplasia with topical mitomycin C. Cornea 1997; 16:595-7. [PMID: 9294697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the clinical efficacy of topical mitomycin C (MMC) 0.04% in the treatment of recurrent corneal intraepithelial neoplasia. METHODS A 71-year-old man presented with a limbal tumor that had extended onto the inferior temporal quadrant of the left cornea. Superficial lamellar sclerokeratectomy was performed to remove the tumor, which was histopathologically demonstrated to be a corneal intraepithelial neoplasia. Fifteen months after the surgical excision, the tumor recurred at the previous keratectomy site. The patient was treated topically with 0.04% MMC four times daily for 2 weeks, during which time he only had a mild degree of conjunctival hyperemia and ocular pain. RESULTS The tumor resolved completely after 2 weeks of treatment and did not recur during the 10-month follow-up. CONCLUSION Topical MMC may be an effective alternative treatment for recurrent corneal intraepithelial neoplasia and deserves further evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- S H Tseng
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, ROC
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Hsieh SC, Huang MH, Tsai CY, Tsai YY, Tsai ST, Sun KH, Yu HS, Han SH, Yu CL. The expression of genes modulating programmed cell death in normal human polymorphonuclear neutrophils. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1997; 233:700-6. [PMID: 9168918 DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.1997.6529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Normal human polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) have a short life and die in progression via apoptosis. In order to understand the molecular basis of PMN apoptosis, the expression of apoptosis-related (Fas, Fas-ligand, p53, and c-myc) and survival-related (bcl-2) genes was detected by flow cytometry, Western blot and reverse transcription-assisted polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). We found that Fas and Fas-ligand (FasL) were expressed on the surface of most of the cells. However, the disappearance of FasL was much faster than Fas after 24 h incubation. p53 and bcl-2 were also expressed in the cytoplasm of most of the cells. In contrast, the expression of c-myc was negligible in PMN. The addition of monoclonal anti-human Fas antibody (25 micrograms/ml) to PMN suspension enhanced whereas anti-FasL antibody (25 micrograms/ml) suppressed PMN apoptosis in 48 h incubation. These results suggest that the activation of Fas pathway induced by Fas-FasL interaction among PMNs is one of the mechanisms for spontaneous PMN apoptosis. Lack of proto-oncoprotein c-myc expression in PMN is responsible for their non-proliferative property and may aggravate the spontaneous apoptosis of the cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- S C Hsieh
- Department of Medicine, Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
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Yu CL, Tsai CY, Sun KH, Hsieh SC, Tsai YY, Tsai ST, Yu HS, Han SH. Tamm-Horsfall glycoprotein (THG) is a binder for surface membrane proteins on blood cells and glomerular mesangial cells. Immunopharmacology 1997; 35:237-45. [PMID: 9043937 DOI: 10.1016/s0162-3109(96)00133-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
A macromolecule with a molecular weight of 90-100 kDa was purified from normal human pregnancy urine. The molecule was proved to be the Tamm-Horsfall glycoprotein (THG) by Western blot analysis. The macromolecule contains carbohydrate as detected by an enzyme immunoassay. Functionally, the glycoprotein can adhere to and stimulate the thymidine incorporation of human mononuclear cells (MNC) in modest degree via its membranotropic property. In addition to MNC, the protein can also bind to the surface of human polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN), red blood cells (RBC) and rat glomerular mesangial cells (RMC). Western blot analysis of various cell lysates with/without proteinase K pretreatment before cell lysis revealed that a 60 kDa and a molecule larger that 94 kDa on the surface of PMN, a 60 kDa protein on MNC and a 32 kDa protein on RBC are the binding molecules for THG. In contrast, many proteins on the surface of RMC could be bound by THG. Immunoprecipitation of membranous iodinated MNC lysates also confirmed that the 60 kDa molecule on MNC is the binding protein for THG. A number of monosaccharide including N-acetylneuraminic acid, N-acetyl-galactosamine, N-acetyl-glucosamine and alpha-methyl-D-mannoside could not inhibit the mitogenic effect of THG on human mononuclear cells. These results suggest that THG is capable of reacting with surface membrane proteins on different cells, but not through the specific carbohydrate-containing lectin-like receptors on the cell surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- C L Yu
- Section of Allergy, Immunology & Rheumatology, Veterans General Hospital-Taipei, National Yang-Ming University, Taiwan
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Chang HN, Wang SR, Chiang SC, Teng WJ, Chen ML, Tsai JJ, Huang DF, Lin HY, Tsai YY. The relationship of aging to endotoxin shock and to production of TNF-alpha. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 1996; 51:M220-2. [PMID: 8808992 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/51a.5.m220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aged people are considered prone to gram-negative bacteremia and septic shock. This relationship was tested in murine endotoxin shock. METHODS Balb/c mice of various ages (1.4-13.4 months) were intraperitoneally injected with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and rates of survival were observed. The production of TNF-alpha in vivo induced by LPS was measured. RESULTS The survival rates were the smallest in the oldest and youngest groups. Production of TNF-alpha attained a maximum at 2 h after LPS injection and was smaller in the oldest group; it had a reciprocal relationship to survival rates in each group except the youngest group. CONCLUSION Old and young mice had smaller rates of survival and greater production of TNF-alpha following endotoxin shock induced by LPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- H N Chang
- Department of Medicine, Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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Huang DF, Yang AH, Tsai YY, Lin BC, Tsai CY, Wang SR. Acute massive pulmonary haemorrhage, pulmonary embolism and deep vein thrombosis in a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus and varicella. Respir Med 1996; 90:239-41. [PMID: 8736659 DOI: 10.1016/s0954-6111(96)90294-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- D F Huang
- Section of Allergy, Immunology & Rheumatology, Veterans General Hospital-Taipei, Taiwan
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47
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Yu CL, Huang MH, Tsai CY, Sun KH, Hsieh SC, Tsai YY, Tsai ST, Yu HS, Han SH. The reactivity of sera from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus to seven different species of single and double stranded deoxyribonucleic acids. Clin Exp Rheumatol 1996; 14:137-44. [PMID: 8737719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Anti-DNA antibodies are frequently found in the serum of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). To understand whether the avidity of SLE sera to different species of single-stranded (ss) and double-stranded (ds) DNA is different or not, the reactivity of active SLE sera to seven species of DNA from viral, bacterial, piscine, and mammalian sources was compared. METHODS Nineteen sera from patients with active SLE were studied for their reactivity to different ssDNA and dsDNA from Escherichia coli (EC), Micrococcus lysodeikticus (ML), Clostridium perfringens (CP), calf thymus (CT), salmon testis (ST), human placenta (HP) and lambda phage by ELISA. The dsDNA was purified by treating it with S1 nuclease and proteinase K, followed by Sephacryl S-300 gel filtration. The ssDNA was purified by absorption on a hydroxyapatite column after heat-cleavage of the dsDNA. RESULTS The reactivity of SLE sera to 7 species of dsDNA was not significantly different and they recognized a more widely shared epitope. In contrast, the reactivity of these sera to 7 species of ssDNA was erratic and the antigens could be grouped into high (CP and HP), medium (EC, ML, CT, and ST) and low (lambda-phage) antigenicities. CONCLUSION The anti-ssDNA and anti-dsDNA antibodies of SLE patients recognize more widely shared determinants on the DNA of seven different species. Lambda-phage DNA shows the poorest immunogenicity among them.
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Affiliation(s)
- C L Yu
- Department of Medicine, Veterans General Hospital-Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
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48
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Tsai CY, Yu CL, Tsai YY, Wu TH, Tsai ST. Osteochondroma in a patient with juvenile ankylosing spondylitis associated with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura and alpha thalassemia. Scand J Rheumatol 1996; 25:61-2. [PMID: 8774559 DOI: 10.3109/03009749609082671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
An unusual combination of osteochondroma, ankylosing spondylitis, thalassemia alpha, and thrombocytopenia was found in a young man who had once been an amphetamine addict. The association of these settings might have been coincidental but it cannot be excluded that the preexisting inflammatory processes or tissue destruction in the latter 3 diseases might have rendered the patient prone to the development of osteochondroma.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Y Tsai
- Section of Allergy, Immunology & Rheumatology, Veterans General Hospital-Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
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49
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Yu CL, Tsai CY, Hsieh SC, Tsai YY, Tsai ST, Sun KH, Yu HS, Han SH. Production of the third component of complement (C3) by peripheral polymorphonuclear neutrophils of the patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Proc Natl Sci Counc Repub China B 1995; 19:225-232. [PMID: 8742620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Normal human polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) can spontaneously produce the third component of complement (C3) in in vitro culture as detected by ELISA. This C3-producing capacity of PMN can be augmented by TNF-alpha (20 ng/ml) and bacterial lipopolysaccharide (100 ng/ml), but not by IL-1 beta or IL-8. The C3 production by PMN was found to be temperature dependent and was suppressed by the addition of protein inhibitor. The C3 mRNA in PMN could be detected by reverse transcription assisted polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) after TNF-alpha or LPS stimulation for 6 hours. To further understand C3 production by peripheral blood PMN in rheumatoid arthritis (RA), spontaneous and TNF-alpha stimulated production of C3 by peripheral PMN were compared in 15 cases of active RA, 15 inactive RA and 15 normal individuals. We failed to find any significant difference among the three groups. We conclude that PMN plays a negligible role in C3 hypercomplementemia in patients with active RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- C L Yu
- Department of Medicine, Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
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50
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Hsieh SC, Tsai CY, Sun KH, Tsai YY, Tsai ST, Han SH, Yu HS, Yu CL. Defective spontaneous and bacterial lipopolysaccharide-stimulated production of interleukin-1 receptor antagonist by polymorphonuclear neutrophils of patients with active systemic lupus erythematosus. Br J Rheumatol 1995; 34:107-12. [PMID: 7704455 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/34.2.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra) binds competitively to IL-1 receptors but does not transduce the signal which blocks the biological activities induced by IL-1. In this study, polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) and mononuclear cells (MNC) from the patients with active systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) (n = 11), inactive SLE (n = 13) and normal individuals (n = 13) were compared for the IL-1ra producing capacity of these cells. PMN and MNC at a concentration of 1 x 10(6) cells/ml were incubated with medium alone (spontaneous) or stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 100 ng/ml) for 24 h. The IL-1ra concentration in the supernatants was quantified by ELISA method. Both spontaneous and LPS-stimulated production of IL-1ra by PMN, but not by MNC, of active SLE were significantly lower than that of inactive SLE or normal groups. Prednisolone (1 and 5 micrograms/ml) did not change the production of IL-1ra by normal PMN either spontaneously or LPS-stimulation in in vitro study. Moreover, the IL-1ra producing capacity of PMN in seven active SLE on admission and after intensive immunosuppressive treatment was measured. These results suggest that the defective IL-1ra production by SLE-PMN is relevant to disease activity and may be regarded as a new indicator of disease activity in patients with active SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- S C Hsieh
- Department of Medicine, Veterans General Hospital-Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
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