1
|
Cetin M, Pinamonti V, Schmid T, Boschert T, Mellado Fuentes A, Kromer K, Lerner T, Zhang J, Herzig Y, Ehlert C, Hernandez-Hernandez M, Samaras G, Torres CM, Fisch L, Dragan V, Kouwenhoven A, Van Schoubroeck B, Wils H, Van Hove C, Platten M, Green EW, Stevenaert F, Felix NJ, Lindner JM. T-FINDER: A highly sensitive, pan-HLA platform for functional T cell receptor and ligand discovery. Sci Adv 2024; 10:eadk3060. [PMID: 38306432 PMCID: PMC10836725 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adk3060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
Effective, unbiased, high-throughput methods to functionally identify both class II and class I HLA-presented T cell epitopes and their cognate T cell receptors (TCRs) are essential for and prerequisite to diagnostic and therapeutic applications, yet remain underdeveloped. Here, we present T-FINDER [T cell Functional Identification and (Neo)-antigen Discovery of Epitopes and Receptors], a system to rapidly deconvolute CD4 and CD8 TCRs and targets physiologically processed and presented by an individual's unmanipulated, complete human leukocyte antigen (HLA) haplotype. Combining a highly sensitive TCR signaling reporter with an antigen processing system to overcome previously undescribed limitations to target expression, T-FINDER both robustly identifies unknown peptide:HLA ligands from antigen libraries and rapidly screens and functionally validates the specificity of large TCR libraries against known or predicted targets. To demonstrate its capabilities, we apply the platform to multiple TCR-based applications, including diffuse midline glioma, celiac disease, and rheumatoid arthritis, providing unique biological insights and showcasing T-FINDER's potency and versatility.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miray Cetin
- BioMed X GmbH, Im Neuenheimer Feld 515, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Veronica Pinamonti
- BioMed X GmbH, Im Neuenheimer Feld 515, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Faculty of Biosciences, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Theresa Schmid
- BioMed X GmbH, Im Neuenheimer Feld 515, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Tamara Boschert
- Faculty of Biosciences, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- DKTK CCU Neuroimmunology and Brain Tumor Immunology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Helmoltz Institute for Translational Oncology (HI-TRON), Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Kristina Kromer
- BioMed X GmbH, Im Neuenheimer Feld 515, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Faculty of Biosciences, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Taga Lerner
- BioMed X GmbH, Im Neuenheimer Feld 515, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jing Zhang
- BioMed X GmbH, Im Neuenheimer Feld 515, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Yonatan Herzig
- BioMed X GmbH, Im Neuenheimer Feld 515, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christopher Ehlert
- Heidelberg Institute for Theoretical Studies (HITS gGmbH), 69118 Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Georgios Samaras
- BioMed X GmbH, Im Neuenheimer Feld 515, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Laura Fisch
- BioMed X GmbH, Im Neuenheimer Feld 515, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Faculty of Biosciences, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Valeriia Dragan
- BioMed X GmbH, Im Neuenheimer Feld 515, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Faculty of Biosciences, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | | | - Hans Wils
- Janssen Research and Development, Beerse, Belgium
| | | | - Michael Platten
- DKTK CCU Neuroimmunology and Brain Tumor Immunology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Helmoltz Institute for Translational Oncology (HI-TRON), Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, MCTN Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Edward W. Green
- DKTK CCU Neuroimmunology and Brain Tumor Immunology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, MCTN Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | | | | | - John M. Lindner
- BioMed X GmbH, Im Neuenheimer Feld 515, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Gruper Y, Wolff ASB, Glanz L, Spoutil F, Marthinussen MC, Osickova A, Herzig Y, Goldfarb Y, Aranaz-Novaliches G, Dobeš J, Kadouri N, Ben-Nun O, Binyamin A, Lavi B, Givony T, Khalaila R, Gome T, Wald T, Mrazkova B, Sochen C, Besnard M, Ben-Dor S, Feldmesser E, Orlova EM, Hegedűs C, Lampé I, Papp T, Felszeghy S, Sedlacek R, Davidovich E, Tal N, Shouval DS, Shamir R, Guillonneau C, Szondy Z, Lundin KEA, Osicka R, Prochazka J, Husebye ES, Abramson J. Autoimmune amelogenesis imperfecta in patients with APS-1 and coeliac disease. Nature 2023; 624:653-662. [PMID: 37993717 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06776-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
Ameloblasts are specialized epithelial cells in the jaw that have an indispensable role in tooth enamel formation-amelogenesis1. Amelogenesis depends on multiple ameloblast-derived proteins that function as a scaffold for hydroxyapatite crystals. The loss of function of ameloblast-derived proteins results in a group of rare congenital disorders called amelogenesis imperfecta2. Defects in enamel formation are also found in patients with autoimmune polyglandular syndrome type-1 (APS-1), caused by AIRE deficiency3,4, and in patients diagnosed with coeliac disease5-7. However, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Here we show that the vast majority of patients with APS-1 and coeliac disease develop autoantibodies (mostly of the IgA isotype) against ameloblast-specific proteins, the expression of which is induced by AIRE in the thymus. This in turn results in a breakdown of central tolerance, and subsequent generation of corresponding autoantibodies that interfere with enamel formation. However, in coeliac disease, the generation of such autoantibodies seems to be driven by a breakdown of peripheral tolerance to intestinal antigens that are also expressed in enamel tissue. Both conditions are examples of a previously unidentified type of IgA-dependent autoimmune disorder that we collectively name autoimmune amelogenesis imperfecta.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yael Gruper
- Department of Immunology and Regenerative Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Anette S B Wolff
- Department of Clinical Science and K.G. Jebsen Center for Autoimmune Disorders, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
- Department of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.
| | - Liad Glanz
- Department of Immunology and Regenerative Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Frantisek Spoutil
- Czech Centre for Phenogenomics & Laboratory of Transgenic Models of Diseases, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences v.v.i 252 50, Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Mihaela Cuida Marthinussen
- Department of Clinical Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Oral Health Centre of Expertise in Western Norway/Vestland, Bergen, Norway
| | - Adriana Osickova
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Yonatan Herzig
- Department of Immunology and Regenerative Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Yael Goldfarb
- Department of Immunology and Regenerative Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Goretti Aranaz-Novaliches
- Czech Centre for Phenogenomics & Laboratory of Transgenic Models of Diseases, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences v.v.i 252 50, Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Dobeš
- Department of Immunology and Regenerative Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Noam Kadouri
- Department of Immunology and Regenerative Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Osher Ben-Nun
- Department of Immunology and Regenerative Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Amit Binyamin
- Department of Immunology and Regenerative Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Bar Lavi
- Department of Immunology and Regenerative Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Tal Givony
- Department of Immunology and Regenerative Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Razi Khalaila
- Department of Immunology and Regenerative Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Tom Gome
- Department of Immunology and Regenerative Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Tomáš Wald
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Blanka Mrazkova
- Czech Centre for Phenogenomics & Laboratory of Transgenic Models of Diseases, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences v.v.i 252 50, Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Carmel Sochen
- Department of Immunology and Regenerative Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Marine Besnard
- Nantes Université, INSERM, Center for Research in Transplantation and Translational Immunology, UMR 1064, Nantes, France
| | - Shifra Ben-Dor
- Bioinformatics Unit, Life Sciences Core Facilities, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Ester Feldmesser
- Bioinformatics Unit, Life Sciences Core Facilities, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Elisaveta M Orlova
- Endocrinological Research Center, Institute of Pediatric Endocrinology, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Csaba Hegedűs
- Department of Biomaterials and Prosthetic Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - István Lampé
- Department of Biomaterials and Prosthetic Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Tamás Papp
- Division of Dental Anatomy, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Szabolcs Felszeghy
- Division of Dental Anatomy, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
- Institute of Dentistry, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Radislav Sedlacek
- Czech Centre for Phenogenomics & Laboratory of Transgenic Models of Diseases, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences v.v.i 252 50, Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Esti Davidovich
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, The Hebrew University-Hadassah School of Dental Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Noa Tal
- The Institute of Gastroenterology, Nutrition and Liver Diseases, Schneider Children's Medical Center of Israel, Petach Tikvah, Israel
- Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Dror S Shouval
- The Institute of Gastroenterology, Nutrition and Liver Diseases, Schneider Children's Medical Center of Israel, Petach Tikvah, Israel
- Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Raanan Shamir
- The Institute of Gastroenterology, Nutrition and Liver Diseases, Schneider Children's Medical Center of Israel, Petach Tikvah, Israel
- Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Carole Guillonneau
- Nantes Université, INSERM, Center for Research in Transplantation and Translational Immunology, UMR 1064, Nantes, France
| | - Zsuzsa Szondy
- Division of Dental Biochemistry, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Knut E A Lundin
- K.G. Jebsen Coeliac Disease Research Centre, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Gastroenterology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Radim Osicka
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Prochazka
- Czech Centre for Phenogenomics & Laboratory of Transgenic Models of Diseases, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences v.v.i 252 50, Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Eystein S Husebye
- Department of Clinical Science and K.G. Jebsen Center for Autoimmune Disorders, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Jakub Abramson
- Department of Immunology and Regenerative Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Delacher M, Barra MM, Herzig Y, Eichelbaum K, Rafiee MR, Richards DM, Träger U, Hofer AC, Kazakov A, Braband KL, Gonzalez M, Wöhrl L, Schambeck K, Imbusch CD, Abramson J, Krijgsveld J, Feuerer M. Quantitative Proteomics Identifies TCF1 as a Negative Regulator of Foxp3 Expression in Conventional T Cells. iScience 2020; 23:101127. [PMID: 32422593 PMCID: PMC7229326 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.101127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulatory T cells are important regulators of the immune system and have versatile functions for the homeostasis and repair of tissues. They express the forkhead box transcription factor Foxp3 as a lineage-defining protein. Negative regulators of Foxp3 expression are not well understood. Here, we generated double-stranded DNA probes complementary to the Foxp3 promoter sequence and performed a pull-down with nuclear protein in vitro, followed by elution of bound proteins and quantitative mass spectrometry. Of the Foxp3-promoter-binding transcription factors identified with this approach, one was T cell factor 1 (TCF1). Using viral over-expression, we identified TCF1 as a repressor of Foxp3 expression. In TCF1-deficient animals, increased levels of Foxp3intermediateCD25negative T cells were identified. CRISPR-Cas9 knockout studies in primary human and mouse conventional CD4 T (Tconv) cells revealed that TCF1 protects Tconv cells from inadvertent Foxp3 expression. Our data implicate a role of TCF1 in suppressing Foxp3 expression in activated T cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Delacher
- Chair for Immunology, Regensburg University, Franz-Josef-Strauss-Allee 11, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; Regensburg Center for Interventional Immunology (RCI), Franz-Josef-Strauss-Allee 11, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; Immune Tolerance Group, Tumor Immunology Program, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Melanie M Barra
- Immune Tolerance Group, Tumor Immunology Program, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Yonatan Herzig
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, 234 Herzl Street, 76100 Rehovot, Israel
| | - Katrin Eichelbaum
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Meyerhofstraße 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mahmoud-Reza Rafiee
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Meyerhofstraße 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - David M Richards
- Immune Tolerance Group, Tumor Immunology Program, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ulrike Träger
- Immune Tolerance Group, Tumor Immunology Program, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ann-Cathrin Hofer
- Immune Tolerance Group, Tumor Immunology Program, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Alexander Kazakov
- Immune Tolerance Group, Tumor Immunology Program, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Kathrin L Braband
- Immune Tolerance Group, Tumor Immunology Program, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marina Gonzalez
- Immune Tolerance Group, Tumor Immunology Program, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Lukas Wöhrl
- Regensburg Center for Interventional Immunology (RCI), Franz-Josef-Strauss-Allee 11, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Kathrin Schambeck
- Regensburg Center for Interventional Immunology (RCI), Franz-Josef-Strauss-Allee 11, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Charles D Imbusch
- Faculty of Biosciences, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 234, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Division of Applied Bioinformatics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 581, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jakub Abramson
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, 234 Herzl Street, 76100 Rehovot, Israel
| | - Jeroen Krijgsveld
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Meyerhofstraße 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany; Proteomics of Stem Cells and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 581, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Medical Faculty, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 672, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Markus Feuerer
- Chair for Immunology, Regensburg University, Franz-Josef-Strauss-Allee 11, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; Regensburg Center for Interventional Immunology (RCI), Franz-Josef-Strauss-Allee 11, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; Immune Tolerance Group, Tumor Immunology Program, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Delacher M, Schmidl C, Herzig Y, Breloer M, Hartmann W, Brunk F, Kägebein D, Träger U, Hofer AC, Bittner S, Weichenhan D, Imbusch CD, Hotz-Wagenblatt A, Hielscher T, Breiling A, Federico G, Gröne HJ, Schmid RM, Rehli M, Abramson J, Feuerer M. Rbpj expression in regulatory T cells is critical for restraining T H2 responses. Nat Commun 2019; 10:1621. [PMID: 30962454 PMCID: PMC6453958 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-09276-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The transcriptional regulator Rbpj is involved in T-helper (TH) subset polarization, but its function in Treg cells remains unclear. Here we show that Treg-specific Rbpj deletion leads to splenomegaly and lymphadenopathy despite increased numbers of Treg cells with a polyclonal TCR repertoire. A specific defect of Rbpj-deficient Treg cells in controlling TH2 polarization and B cell responses is observed, leading to the spontaneous formation of germinal centers and a TH2-associated immunoglobulin class switch. The observed phenotype is environment-dependent and can be induced by infection with parasitic nematodes. Rbpj-deficient Treg cells adopt open chromatin landscapes and gene expression profiles reminiscent of tissue-derived TH2-polarized Treg cells, with a prevailing signature of the transcription factor Gata-3. Taken together, our study suggests that Treg cells require Rbpj to specifically restrain TH2 responses, including their own excessive TH2-like differentiation potential. Transcriptional regulator Rbpj is involved in T-helper subset differentiation. Here the authors show that expression of Rbpj in regulatory T cells is required to both regulate TH2 responses and regulate Treg TH2 differentiation potential.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Delacher
- Chair for Immunology, University Regensburg and University Hospital Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauss-Allee 11, 93053, Regensburg, Germany.,Regensburg Center for Interventional Immunology (RCI), University Regensburg and University Hospital Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauss-Allee 11, 93053, Regensburg, Germany.,Immune Tolerance Group, Tumor Immunology Program, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christian Schmidl
- Regensburg Center for Interventional Immunology (RCI), University Regensburg and University Hospital Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauss-Allee 11, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Yonatan Herzig
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, 234 Herzl Street, 76100, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Minka Breloer
- Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Bernhard-Nocht-Straße 74, 20359, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Wiebke Hartmann
- Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Bernhard-Nocht-Straße 74, 20359, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Fabian Brunk
- Division of Developmental Immunology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Danny Kägebein
- Immune Tolerance Group, Tumor Immunology Program, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ulrike Träger
- Immune Tolerance Group, Tumor Immunology Program, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ann-Cathrin Hofer
- Immune Tolerance Group, Tumor Immunology Program, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sebastian Bittner
- Chair for Immunology, University Regensburg and University Hospital Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauss-Allee 11, 93053, Regensburg, Germany.,Regensburg Center for Interventional Immunology (RCI), University Regensburg and University Hospital Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauss-Allee 11, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Dieter Weichenhan
- Division of Epigenomics and Cancer Risk Factors, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Charles D Imbusch
- Division of Applied Bioinformatics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Agnes Hotz-Wagenblatt
- Genomics and Proteomics Core Facility, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Hielscher
- Division of Biostatistics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Achim Breiling
- Division of Epigenetics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Giuseppina Federico
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hermann-Josef Gröne
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Roland M Schmid
- Department of Internal Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Ismaninger Straße 22, 81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Michael Rehli
- Regensburg Center for Interventional Immunology (RCI), University Regensburg and University Hospital Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauss-Allee 11, 93053, Regensburg, Germany.,Department of Internal Medicine III, Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauss-Allee 11, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Jakub Abramson
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, 234 Herzl Street, 76100, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Markus Feuerer
- Chair for Immunology, University Regensburg and University Hospital Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauss-Allee 11, 93053, Regensburg, Germany. .,Regensburg Center for Interventional Immunology (RCI), University Regensburg and University Hospital Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauss-Allee 11, 93053, Regensburg, Germany. .,Immune Tolerance Group, Tumor Immunology Program, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Herzig Y, Nevo S, Bornstein C, Brezis MR, Ben-Hur S, Shkedy A, Eisenberg-Bord M, Levi B, Delacher M, Goldfarb Y, David E, Weinberger L, Viukov S, Ben-Dor S, Giraud M, Hanna JH, Breiling A, Lyko F, Amit I, Feuerer M, Abramson J. Transcriptional programs that control expression of the autoimmune regulator gene Aire. Nat Immunol 2017; 18:161-172. [PMID: 27941786 DOI: 10.1038/ni.3638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2016] [Accepted: 11/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Aire is a transcriptional regulator that induces promiscuous expression of thousands of genes encoding tissue-restricted antigens (TRAs) in medullary thymic epithelial cells (mTECs). While the target genes of Aire are well characterized, the transcriptional programs that regulate its own expression have remained elusive. Here we comprehensively analyzed both cis-acting and trans-acting regulatory mechanisms and found that the Aire locus was insulated by the global chromatin organizer CTCF and was hypermethylated in cells and tissues that did not express Aire. In mTECs, however, Aire expression was facilitated by concurrent eviction of CTCF, specific demethylation of exon 2 and the proximal promoter, and the coordinated action of several transcription activators, including Irf4, Irf8, Tbx21, Tcf7 and Ctcfl, which acted on mTEC-specific accessible regions in the Aire locus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yonatan Herzig
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Shir Nevo
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Chamutal Bornstein
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Miriam R Brezis
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Sharon Ben-Hur
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Aya Shkedy
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | | | - Ben Levi
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Michael Delacher
- Research Group Immune Tolerance, Tumor Immunology Program, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Yael Goldfarb
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Eyal David
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Leehee Weinberger
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Sergey Viukov
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Shifra Ben-Dor
- Bioinformatics Unit, Biological Services Department, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Matthieu Giraud
- Department of Infection Immunity and Inflammation, Cochin Institute, Paris, France
| | - Jacob H Hanna
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Achim Breiling
- Division of Epigenetics, DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Frank Lyko
- Division of Epigenetics, DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ido Amit
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Markus Feuerer
- Research Group Immune Tolerance, Tumor Immunology Program, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jakub Abramson
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Goldfarb Y, Kadouri N, Levi B, Sela A, Herzig Y, Cohen RN, Hollenberg AN, Abramson J. HDAC3 Is a Master Regulator of mTEC Development. Cell Rep 2016; 15:651-665. [PMID: 27068467 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2016.03.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2015] [Revised: 02/03/2016] [Accepted: 03/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The thymus provides a unique microenvironment enabling development and selection of T lymphocytes. Medullary thymic epithelial cells (mTECs) play a pivotal role in this process by facilitating negative selection of self-reactive thymocytes and the generation of Foxp3(+) regulatory T cells. Although studies have highlighted the non-canonical nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) pathway as the key regulator of mTEC development, comprehensive understanding of the molecular pathways regulating this process still remains incomplete. Here, we demonstrate that the development of functionally competent mTECs is regulated by the histone deacetylase 3 (Hdac3). Although histone deacetylases are global transcriptional regulators, this effect is highly specific only to Hdac3, as neither Hdac1 nor Hdac2 inactivation caused mTEC ablation. Interestingly, Hdac3 induces an mTEC-specific transcriptional program independently of the previously recognized RANK-NFκB signaling pathway. Thus, our findings uncover yet another layer of complexity of TEC lineage divergence and highlight Hdac3 as a major and specific molecular switch crucial for mTEC differentiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yael Goldfarb
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Noam Kadouri
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Ben Levi
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Asaf Sela
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Yonatan Herzig
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Ronald N Cohen
- University of Chicago Medical Centre, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Anthony N Hollenberg
- Division of Endocrinology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Centre, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Jakub Abramson
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Levy M, Thaiss CA, Zeevi D, Dohnalová L, Zilberman-Schapira G, Mahdi JA, David E, Savidor A, Korem T, Herzig Y, Pevsner-Fischer M, Shapiro H, Christ A, Harmelin A, Halpern Z, Latz E, Flavell RA, Amit I, Segal E, Elinav E. Microbiota-Modulated Metabolites Shape the Intestinal Microenvironment by Regulating NLRP6 Inflammasome Signaling. Cell 2016; 163:1428-43. [PMID: 26638072 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2015.10.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 652] [Impact Index Per Article: 81.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2015] [Revised: 10/06/2015] [Accepted: 10/13/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Host-microbiome co-evolution drives homeostasis and disease susceptibility, yet regulatory principles governing the integrated intestinal host-commensal microenvironment remain obscure. While inflammasome signaling participates in these interactions, its activators and microbiome-modulating mechanisms are unknown. Here, we demonstrate that the microbiota-associated metabolites taurine, histamine, and spermine shape the host-microbiome interface by co-modulating NLRP6 inflammasome signaling, epithelial IL-18 secretion, and downstream anti-microbial peptide (AMP) profiles. Distortion of this balanced AMP landscape by inflammasome deficiency drives dysbiosis development. Upon fecal transfer, colitis-inducing microbiota hijacks this microenvironment-orchestrating machinery through metabolite-mediated inflammasome suppression, leading to distorted AMP balance favoring its preferential colonization. Restoration of the metabolite-inflammasome-AMP axis reinstates a normal microbiota and ameliorates colitis. Together, we identify microbial modulators of the NLRP6 inflammasome and highlight mechanisms by which microbiome-host interactions cooperatively drive microbial community stability through metabolite-mediated innate immune modulation. Therefore, targeted "postbiotic" metabolomic intervention may restore a normal microenvironment as treatment or prevention of dysbiosis-driven diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maayan Levy
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Christoph A Thaiss
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - David Zeevi
- Department of Computer Science and Applied Mathematics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel; Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Lenka Dohnalová
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | | | - Jemal Ali Mahdi
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel; Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 8410501, Israel
| | - Eyal David
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Alon Savidor
- The Grand Israel National Center for Personalized Medicine (G-INCPM), Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Tal Korem
- Department of Computer Science and Applied Mathematics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel; Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Yonatan Herzig
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | | | - Hagit Shapiro
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Anette Christ
- Institute of Innate Immunity, University of Bonn, Bonn 53127, Germany; Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Alon Harmelin
- Department of Veterinary Resources, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Zamir Halpern
- Research Center for Digestive Tract and Liver Diseases, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel; Digestive Center, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv 64239, Israel
| | - Eicke Latz
- Institute of Innate Immunity, University of Bonn, Bonn 53127, Germany; Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Richard A Flavell
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Ido Amit
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Eran Segal
- Department of Computer Science and Applied Mathematics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel; Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel.
| | - Eran Elinav
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Chuprin A, Avin A, Goldfarb Y, Herzig Y, Levi B, Jacob A, Sela A, Katz S, Grossman M, Guyon C, Rathaus M, Cohen HY, Sagi I, Giraud M, McBurney MW, Husebye ES, Abramson J. The deacetylase Sirt1 is an essential regulator of Aire-mediated induction of central immunological tolerance. Nat Immunol 2015; 16:737-45. [PMID: 26006015 DOI: 10.1038/ni.3194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2015] [Accepted: 04/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Aire is a transcriptional regulator that induces the promiscuous expression of thousands of tissue-restricted antigens (TRAs) in medullary thymic epithelial cells (mTECs), a step critical for the induction of immunological self-tolerance. Studies have offered molecular insights into how Aire operates, but more comprehensive understanding of this process still remains elusive. Here we found abundant expression of the protein deacetylase Sirtuin-1 (Sirt1) in mature Aire(+) mTECs, wherein it was required for the expression of Aire-dependent TRA-encoding genes and the subsequent induction of immunological self-tolerance. Our study elucidates a previously unknown molecular mechanism for Aire-mediated transcriptional regulation and identifies a unique function for Sirt1 in preventing organ-specific autoimmunity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Chuprin
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Ayelet Avin
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Yael Goldfarb
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Yonatan Herzig
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Ben Levi
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Adi Jacob
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Asaf Sela
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Shir Katz
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Moran Grossman
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Clotilde Guyon
- Department of Immunology, Institut Cochin, INSERM U1016, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Moran Rathaus
- The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Haim Y Cohen
- The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Irit Sagi
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Matthieu Giraud
- Department of Immunology, Institut Cochin, INSERM U1016, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | | | - Eystein S Husebye
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Jakub Abramson
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Krumpe K, Frumkin I, Herzig Y, Rimon N, Özbalci C, Brügger B, Rapaport D, Schuldiner M. Ergosterol content specifies targeting of tail-anchored proteins to mitochondrial outer membranes. Mol Biol Cell 2012; 23:3927-35. [PMID: 22918956 PMCID: PMC3469509 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e11-12-0994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial outer membrane tail-anchored proteins are a unique class of membrane proteins with unknown targeting mechanism. Using two high-throughput microscopy screens, we demonstrate that the inherent differences in membrane composition between organelle membranes is enough to determine membrane integration specificity in a living cell. Tail-anchored (TA) proteins have a single C-terminal transmembrane domain, making their biogenesis dependent on posttranslational translocation. Despite their importance, no dedicated insertion machinery has been uncovered for mitochondrial outer membrane (MOM) TA proteins. To decipher the molecular mechanisms guiding MOM TA protein insertion, we performed two independent systematic microscopic screens in which we visualized the localization of model MOM TA proteins on the background of mutants in all yeast genes. We could find no mutant in which insertion was completely blocked. However, both screens demonstrated that MOM TA proteins were partially localized to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) in ∆spf1 cells. Spf1, an ER ATPase with unknown function, is the first protein shown to affect MOM TA protein insertion. We found that ER membranes in ∆spf1 cells become similar in their ergosterol content to mitochondrial membranes. Indeed, when we visualized MOM TA protein distribution in yeast strains with reduced ergosterol content, they phenocopied the loss of Spf1. We therefore suggest that the inherent differences in membrane composition between organelle membranes are sufficient to determine membrane integration specificity in a eukaryotic cell.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Krumpe
- Interfaculty Institute of Biochemistry, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Herzig Y, Sharpe HJ, Elbaz Y, Munro S, Schuldiner M. A systematic approach to pair secretory cargo receptors with their cargo suggests a mechanism for cargo selection by Erv14. PLoS Biol 2012; 10:e1001329. [PMID: 22629230 PMCID: PMC3358343 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.1001329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2012] [Accepted: 04/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
A systematic approach to visualize proteins exiting the endoplasmic reticulum paired with their cargo receptors identifies novel cargo for known receptors and reveals the mechanism of one conserved receptor, Erv14. The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is the site of synthesis of secreted and membrane proteins. To exit the ER, proteins are packaged into COPII vesicles through direct interaction with the COPII coat or aided by specific cargo receptors. Despite the fundamental role of such cargo receptors in protein traffic, only a few have been identified; their cargo spectrum is unknown and the signals they recognize remain poorly understood. We present here an approach we term “PAIRS” (pairing analysis of cargo receptors), which combines systematic genetic manipulations of yeast with automated microscopy screening, to map the spectrum of cargo for a known receptor or to uncover a novel receptor for a particular cargo. Using PAIRS we followed the fate of ∼150 cargos on the background of mutations in nine putative cargo receptors and identified novel cargo for most of these receptors. Deletion of the Erv14 cargo receptor affected the widest range of cargo. Erv14 substrates have a wide array of functions and structures; however, they are all membrane-spanning proteins of the late secretory pathway or plasma membrane. Proteins residing in these organelles have longer transmembrane domains (TMDs). Detailed examination of one cargo supported the hypothesis that Erv14 dependency reflects the length rather than the sequence of the TMD. The PAIRS approach allowed us to uncover new cargo for known cargo receptors and to obtain an unbiased look at specificity in cargo selection. Obtaining the spectrum of cargo for a cargo receptor allows a novel perspective on its mode of action. The rules that appear to guide Erv14 substrate recognition suggest that sorting of membrane proteins at multiple points in the secretory pathway could depend on the physical properties of TMDs. Such a mechanism would allow diverse proteins to utilize a few receptors without the constraints of evolving location-specific sorting motifs. All cells sense their environment, respond to it, and communicate with neighboring cells. To perform these functions, cells use an impressive array of proteins that they display on their surface membranes and secrete into their external environment. Newly synthesized proteins destined for the surface of nucleated cells, or to be secreted into the environment must enter the secretory pathway through the endoplasmic reticulum. Those that reside there remain behind, but most leave for their next destination as cargo proteins in lipid vesicles. To be packaged into vesicles, many of them require a “cargo receptor,” which recognizes and tethers specific cargo proteins in the vesicles. Our study takes a systematic approach to identify the range of cargo proteins that bind to each of the known receptors in yeast. By using this approach, we both discover new cargo for known cargo receptors and delineate the rule that governs cargo selection for one cargo receptor, Erv14. Thus, our study demonstrates a novel approach to identify the cargo for any receptor or to discover new cargo receptors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yonatan Herzig
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | | | - Yael Elbaz
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Sean Munro
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- * E-mail: (SM); (MS)
| | - Maya Schuldiner
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
- * E-mail: (SM); (MS)
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Bialer M, Kadry B, Abdul-Hai A, Haj-Yehia A, Sterling J, Herzig Y, Shirvan M. Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic analysis of (E)-2-ene valproyl derivatives of glycine and valproyl derivatives of nipecotic acid. Biopharm Drug Dispos 1996; 17:565-75. [PMID: 8894115 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1099-081x(199610)17:7<565::aid-bdd979>3.0.co;2-i] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
GABA is a major inhibitory neurotransmitter in mammals, whose uptake in glial cells is inhibited by nipecotic acid. In addition to GABA, glycine is an important inhibitory neurotransmitter. Valproic acid (VPA) is one of the four established antiepileptics and (E)-2-ene valproic acid ((E)-2-ene VPA) is its major active metabolite. The described structure-pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic relationship (SPPR) study explored the possibility of utilizing valproyl derivatives of glycine and nipecotic acid as new antiepileptics. The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics (anticonvulsant activity and neurotoxicity) of the following conjugation products were investigated: (E)-2-ene valproyl glycinamide (between (E)-2-ene VPA and glycinamide) and valproyl nipecotic acid and valproyl nipecotamide (between VPA and nipecotic acid). Out of the investigated compounds only (E)-2-ene valproyl glycinamide showed a good anticonvulsant profile in both mice and rats due to its better pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profile. (E)-2-ene valproyl glycinamide was more potent than VPA and showed an activity and a safety margin similar to those of its analogous compound valproyl glycinamide. The investigated valproyl derivatives did not operate as chemical drug delivery systems (CDDSs) of glycine or nipecotic acid, but, rather, acted as drugs on their own. (E)-2-ene valproyl glycinamide was partially excreted unchanged in the urine (fe = 7.4%), while its urinary metabolite was (E)-2-ene valproyl glycine. Unlike the new antiepileptic tiagabine, in which nipecotic acid is attached to 4, 4-di-(3-methylthien-2-yl)-3-butenyl and yields an active compound, the conjugation between nipecotic acid or its amide and VPA yielded inactive entities. In contrast to nipecotic acid, the conjugation between VPA or (E)-2-ene VPA and glycinamide gave two active compounds with similar pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profiles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Bialer
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Bialer M, Hadad S, Kadry B, Abdul-Hai A, Haj-Yehia A, Sterling J, Herzig Y, Yagen B. Pharmacokinetic analysis and antiepileptic activity of tetra-methylcyclopropane analogues of valpromide. Pharm Res 1996; 13:284-9. [PMID: 8932450 DOI: 10.1023/a:1016055517724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The described structure pharmacokinetic pharmacodynamic relationships (SPPR) study explored the utilization of tetramethylcyclopropane analogues of valpromide (VPD), or tetramethylcyclopropane carboxamide derivatives of valproic acid (VPA) as new antiepileptics. METHODS The study was carried out by investigating the pharmacokinetics in dogs and pharmacodynamics (anticonvulsant activity and neurotoxicity) of the following three cyclopropane analogues of VPD: 2,2,3,3-tetramethylcyclopropane carboxamide (TMCD), N-methyl TMCD (M-TMCD) and N-[(2,2,3,3-tetramethylcyclopropyl)carbonyl]-glycinamide (TMC-GLD). RESULTS The three investigated compounds showed a good anticonvulsant profile in mice and rats due to the fact that they were metabolically stable VPD analogues which were not biotransformed to their nonactive acid, 2,2,3,3-tetramethylcyclopropane carboxylic acid (TMCA). M-TMCD was metabolized to TMCD and TMC-GLD underwent partial biotransformation to its glycine analogue N-[(2,2,3,3-tetramethylcyclopropyl)carbonyl]-glycine (TMC-GLN). Unlike TMC-GLN, the above mentioned amides had low clearance and a relatively long half life. CONCLUSIONS In contrast to VPD which is biotransformed to VPA, the aforementioned cyclopropane derivatives were found to be stable to amide-acid biotransformation. TMCD and M-TMCD show that cyclic analogues of VPD, like its aliphatic isomers, must have either two substitutions at the beta position to the carbonyl, such as in the case of TMCD, or a substitution in the alpha and in the beta positions like in the VPD isomer, valnoctamide (VCD). This paper discusses the antiepileptic potential of tetramethylcyclopropane analogues of VPD which are in animal models more potent than VPA and may be non-teratogenic and non-hepatotoxic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Bialer
- The Hebrew University, Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Ofek I, Cohen S, Rahmani R, Kabha K, Tamarkin D, Herzig Y, Rubinstein E. Antibacterial synergism of polymyxin B nonapeptide and hydrophobic antibiotics in experimental gram-negative infections in mice. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1994; 38:374-7. [PMID: 8192470 PMCID: PMC284461 DOI: 10.1128/aac.38.2.374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Polymyxin B nonapeptide, derived by cleavage of the fatty acyl diaminobutyric acid from polymyxin B, is considerably less toxic, lacks bactericidal activity, and retains its ability to render gram-negative bacteria susceptible to several antibiotics by permeabilizing their outer membranes. The peptide rendered all 53 polymyxin-susceptible strains tested more susceptible to novobiocin, lowering the MIC of novobiocin eightfold or more. The combination of polymyxin B nonapeptide with novobiocin or with erythromycin administered intraperitoneally in multiple doses synergistically protected mice infected with gram-negative bacteria. This combination may be clinically useful because of the apparent rarity of the acquisition of resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- I Ofek
- Department of Human Microbiology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Israel
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|