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mTOR-dependent loss of PON1 secretion and antiphospholipid autoantibody production underlie autoimmunity-mediated cirrhosis in transaldolase deficiency. J Autoimmun 2023; 140:103112. [PMID: 37742509 PMCID: PMC10957505 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2023.103112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Transaldolase deficiency predisposes to chronic liver disease progressing from cirrhosis to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Transition from cirrhosis to hepatocarcinogenesis depends on mitochondrial oxidative stress, as controlled by cytosolic aldose metabolism through the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP). Progression to HCC is critically dependent on NADPH depletion and polyol buildup by aldose reductase (AR), while this enzyme protects from carbon trapping in the PPP and growth restriction in TAL deficiency. Although AR inactivation blocked susceptibility to hepatocarcinogenesis, it enhanced growth restriction, carbon trapping in the non-oxidative branch of the PPP and failed to reverse the depletion of glucose 6-phosphate (G6P) and liver cirrhosis. Here, we show that inactivation of the TAL-AR axis results in metabolic stress characterized by reduced mitophagy, enhanced overall autophagy, activation of the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR), diminished glycosylation and secretion of paraoxonase 1 (PON1), production of antiphospholipid autoantibodies (aPL), loss of CD161+ NK cells, and expansion of CD38+ Ito cells, which are responsive to treatment with rapamycin in vivo. The present study thus identifies glycosylation and secretion of PON1 and aPL production as mTOR-dependent regulatory checkpoints of autoimmunity underlying liver cirrhosis in TAL deficiency.
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Generalized Brewster angle-enhanced photonic spin Hall effect in an all-dielectric metasurface. OPTICS LETTERS 2023; 48:3003-3006. [PMID: 37262266 DOI: 10.1364/ol.488359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The enhancement of the photonic spin Hall effect (PSHE) is usually limited at horizontally polarized incidence and around the nonadjustable Brewster angle. In this Letter, a flexible method for enhancing the reflective PSHE with tunable incident angle under both vertically (V) and horizontally (H) polarized light has been theoretically explored. By using the multipole decomposition method, the variable generalized Brewster angle (GBA) is proven to be obtained under both V- and H-polarized light at different wavelengths in the all-dielectric metasurface. Then, owing to the large ratio of Fresnel coefficients at the GBA, the enhancement of PSHE in this Letter can not only be available for both V- and H-polarization, but also achieved at widely tunable incident angle and different operating wavelengths in the same metasurface. This work provides a simple method to achieve the flexible enhancement of PSHE and offers a novel way for designing a functional spin-based photonic device.
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Effects of high-grain diet feeding on fatty acid profiles in milk, blood, muscle, and adipose tissue, and transcriptional expression of lipid-related genes in muscle and adipose tissue of dairy cows. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2023; 14:41. [PMID: 37029438 PMCID: PMC10082502 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-023-00847-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND High-grain (HG) diets affect lipid metabolism in the liver and mammary tissue of dairy cows, but its effects on muscle and adipose tissue have not been wide evaluated. Thus, the aim of this study is to clarify this issue. METHODS Twelve Holstein cows were randomly divided into two groups: conventional diet group (CON, n = 6) and the HG diet group (n = 6). On day 7 of week 4, rumen fluid was sampled to measure pH, milk was sampled to measure components, and blood was sampled to measure biochemical parameters and fatty acid composition. After the experiment, cows were slaughtered to collect muscle and adipose tissue for fatty acid composition and transcriptome analysis. RESULTS HG feeding decreased the ruminal pH, milk's fat content and long-chain fatty acid proportion (P < 0.05) and increased the proportion of short- and medium-chain fatty acids in the milk (P < 0.05) as compared with CON diets. The concentrations of blood cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein, and polyunsaturated fatty acids in the HG cows were lower than those in CON cows (P < 0.05). In muscle tissue, HG feeding tended to increase the triacylglycerol (TG) concentration (P < 0.10). Transcriptome analysis revealed changes in the biosynthesis of the unsaturated fatty acids pathway, the regulation of lipolysis in the adipocytes pathway, and the PPAR signalling pathway. In adipose tissue, HG feeding increased the concentration of TG and decreased the concentration of C18:1 cis9 (P < 0.05). At the transcriptome level, the fatty acid biosynthesis pathway, linoleic acid metabolism pathway, and PPAR signalling pathway were activated. CONCLUSION HG feeding leads to subacute rumen acidosis and a decreased milk fat content. The fatty acid profiles in the milk and plasma of dairy cows were changed by HG feeding. In muscle and adipose tissue, HG feeding increased TG concentration and up-regulated the expression of genes related to adipogenesis, while down-regulated the expression of genes related to lipid transport. These results complement our knowledge of the fatty acid composition of muscle and adipose tissue in dairy cows and expand our understanding of the mechanisms by which HG diets affect lipid metabolism in muscle and adipose tissue.
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25P Furmonertinib plus icotinib for first-line treatment of EGFR-mutated non-small cell lung cancer. J Thorac Oncol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/s1556-0864(23)00279-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
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Supplemental Clostridium butyricum modulates lipid metabolism by reshaping the gut microbiota composition and bile acid profile in IUGR suckling piglets. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2023; 14:36. [PMID: 36907895 PMCID: PMC10009951 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-023-00828-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) can cause lipid disorders in infants and have long-term adverse effects on their growth and development. Clostridium butyricum (C. butyricum), a kind of emerging probiotics, has been reported to effectively attenuate lipid metabolism dysfunctions. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate the effects of C. butyricum supplementation on hepatic lipid disorders in IUGR suckling piglets. METHODS Sixteen IUGR and eight normal birth weight (NBW) neonatal male piglets were used in this study. From d 3 to d 24, in addition to drinking milk, the eight NBW piglets (NBW-CON group, n = 8) and eight IUGR piglets (IUGR-CON group, n = 8) were given 10 mL sterile saline once a day, while the remaining IUGR piglets (IUGR-CB group, n = 8) were orally administered C. butyricum at a dose of 2 × 108 colony-forming units (CFU)/kg body weight (suspended in 10 mL sterile saline) at the same frequency. RESULTS The IUGR-CON piglets exhibited restricted growth, impaired hepatic morphology, disordered lipid metabolism, increased abundance of opportunistic pathogens and altered ileum and liver bile acid (BA) profiles. However, C. butyricum supplementation reshaped the gut microbiota of the IUGR-CB piglets, characterized by a decreased abundance of opportunistic pathogens in the ileum, including Streptococcus and Enterococcus. The decrease in these bile salt hydrolase (BSH)-producing microbes increased the content of conjugated BAs, which could be transported to the liver and function as signaling molecules to activate liver X receptor α (LXRα) and farnesoid X receptor (FXR). This activation effectively accelerated the synthesis and oxidation of fatty acids and down-regulated the total cholesterol level by decreasing the synthesis and promoting the efflux of cholesterol. As a result, the growth performance and morphological structure of the liver improved in the IUGR piglets. CONCLUSION These results indicate that C. butyricum supplementation in IUGR suckling piglets could decrease the abundance of BSH-producing microbes (Streptococcus and Enterococcus). This decrease altered the ileum and liver BA profiles and consequently activated the expression of hepatic LXRα and FXR. The activation of these two signaling molecules could effectively normalize the lipid metabolism and improve the growth performance of IUGR suckling piglets.
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The gastrointestinal microbiome in dairy cattle is constrained by the deterministic driver of the region and the modified effect of diet. MICROBIOME 2023; 11:10. [PMID: 36670455 PMCID: PMC9863278 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-022-01453-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dairy cattle (Bos taurus), especially Holstein cows, which are the highest-producing dairy animals and are widely bred to provide milk products to humans, rely critically on their associated gastrointestinal tract (GIT) microbiota to digest plant feed. However, the region-specific taxonomic composition and function of the GIT microbiome in dairy cattle and the mechanistic basis for the diet-induced effects remain to be elucidated. RESULTS: We collected 120 digesta samples from 10 GIT regions of 12 Holstein cows fed forage- and grain-based diets and characterized their GIT microbiome via functional shotgun metagenomics and the resolution of metagenome-assembled genomes. Our results demonstrated that the GIT microbiome was mainly partitioned into three distinct clusters, four-chambered stomach, small intestine, and large intestine. Moreover, we found that the four-chambered stomach microbiome with the highest diversity had a strong ability to degrade recalcitrant polysaccharide substrates, underpinned by the prevalence of potential cellulosome--producing and plant-derived polysaccharide utilization loci-encoding consortia. In contrast, the post-gastric intestinal microbiome orchestrated alternative fermentation pathways to adapt to nutrient availability and energy acquisition. Diet shifts selectively modified the metabolic cascades of the microbiome in specific GIT regions, evidenced by the loss of fiber-degrading taxa and increased hydrogen sinks in propionate after grain introduction. CONCLUSIONS Our findings provide new insights into GIT microbial organization and function in dairy cattle by GIT regions and diet regimes, which offers clues for improving animal production and health in the future. Video Abstract.
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High-grain diet feeding alters ileal microbiota and disrupts bile acid metabolism in lactating dairy cows. J Anim Sci 2023; 101:skad278. [PMID: 37606090 PMCID: PMC10494876 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skad278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Bile acids (BAs) play an important role in the regulation of lipid metabolic homeostasis, but little is known about their metabolism in dairy cows fed a high-grain (HG) diet. In the present study, we examined the bacterial community, BA profile, and the FXR/FGF19 signaling pathway in the ileum and liver to investigate the gut microbe-BA metabolism interactions response to HG diet and the changes in the subsequent enterohepatic circulation of dairy cows. The results showed that the ileal bacterial community was altered, with an increase of Paraclostridium, Anaerobutyricum, Shuttleworthia, and Stomatobaculum in the relative abundance in the HG group. Moreover, real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) showed that the abundance of total bacteria and bacterial bile-salt hydrolase (BSH) genes was increased in the ileal digesta in the HG group. Meanwhile, HG feeding also decreased the total BA content in the digesta of jejunum and ileum and in feces. HG feeding altered the BA profile in the ileal digesta by increasing unconjugated BAs and decreasing conjugated BAs. In addition, the intestinal FXR/FGF19 signaling pathway was activated. The expression of CYP7A1 (cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase) was depressed, which inhibited BAs synthesis in the liver of cows fed HG. Overall, HG feeding altered the ileal bacterial community and BA profile, and activated FXR/FGF19 signaling pathway, resulting in a decrease of BA level in the ileal digesta via the inhibition of hepatic BA synthesis. The findings provided novel insights into understanding the relationship between gut microbiota and the homeostasis of BAs in dairy cows fed a HG diet.
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Genome-centric investigation of bile acid metabolizing microbiota of dairy cows and associated diet-induced functional implications. THE ISME JOURNAL 2023; 17:172-184. [PMID: 36261508 PMCID: PMC9750977 DOI: 10.1038/s41396-022-01333-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Although the importance of bile acid (BA)-related microbial strains and enzymes is increasingly recognized for monogastric animals, a lack of knowledge about BA metabolism in dairy cows limits functional applications aimed at the targeted modulation of microbe-host interactions for animal production and health. In the present study, 108 content samples from six intestinal regions of dairy cows were used for shotgun metagenomic sequencing. Overall, 372 high-quality metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) were involved in BA deconjugation, oxidation, and dehydroxylation pathways. Furthermore, the BA-metabolizing microbiome predominately occurred in the large intestine, resulting in the accumulation of secondary unconjugated BAs. Comparative genomic analysis revealed that the bile salt hydrolase (BSH)-carrying microbial populations managed with the selective environment of the dairy cow intestine by adopting numerous host mucin glycan-degrading abilities. A sequence similarity network analysis classified 439 BSH homologs into 12 clusters and identified different clusters with diverse evolution, taxonomy, signal peptides, and ecological niches. Our omics data further revealed that the strains of Firmicutes bacterium CAG-110 processed the increased abundance of BSHs from Cluster 1, coinciding with the changes in the colon cholic acid concentration after grain introduction, and were intricately related to intestinal inflammation. This study is the first to use a genome-centric approach and whole intestine-targeted metabolomics to reveal microbial BA metabolism and its diet-induced functional implications in dairy cows. These findings provide insight into the manipulation of intestinal microorganisms for improving host health.
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How do microplastics adsorb metals? A preliminary study under simulated wetland conditions. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 309:136547. [PMID: 36167202 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.136547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics (MPs) are widely detected in wetlands as emerging pollutants of global concern. Co-occurrence of MPs and trace metals in wetlands is common and the vector effects of MPs on other environmental pollutants have been increasingly reported. However, the interaction of different MPs and trace metals under environmentally realistic conditions is not well understood. Here, we investigated the adsorption capacity of MPs for metals under simulated conditions of Poyang Lake wetlands in Jiang Xi, China, a Ramsar site of international importance for conservation and sustainable use. ICP-MS was used to quantify the amount of adsorbed metals onto different types of MPs. SEM-EDS and micro-FTIR were used to examine the morphological and chemical characteristics of MPs before and after metal adsorption. The influence of internal (polymer types and particle sizes of MPs) and external factors (water pH values, organic matters, ion strength, and sediment) on metal adsorption was systematically investigated. Metal adsorption equilibrium was most achieved at 72 h. The adsorption capacity of MP types to metal ions tended to decrease as PP > PE > PS, and the amount of adsorbed metals decreased as Cu > Pb > Cd. The amount of adsorbed metals generally decreased with the increase of particle size of MPs. With the increase of water pH and K+ strength, the adsorption of metals by MPs showed an increasing and then decreasing trend; the adsorption capacity of MPs increased with the increase of fulvic acid. Under the simulated sedimentary conditions, the adsorption of different metals by MPs also tended to be Cu > Pb > Cd, which was mainly determined by metal concentrations in the sediments collected in situ. The results of this study improve our understanding of metal-MP interaction under simulated environmental conditions, shedding new light on the environmental behavior of MPs and metals in wetlands.
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326P Durvalumab (D) ± tremelimumab (T) + chemotherapy (CT) in 1L metastatic (m) NSCLC: Overall survival (OS) update from POSEIDON after median follow-up (mFU) of approximately 4 years (y). Ann Oncol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2022.10.365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
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P1.15-11 Durvalumab + Olaparib vs Durvalumab Alone as Maintenance Therapy in Metastatic NSCLC: Outcomes from the Phase 2 ORION Study. J Thorac Oncol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2022.07.207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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OA15.04 Association Between KRAS/STK11/KEAP1 Mutations and Outcomes in POSEIDON: Durvalumab ± Tremelimumab + Chemotherapy in mNSCLC. J Thorac Oncol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2022.07.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Effects of high-grain diet feeding on mucosa-associated bacterial community and gene expression of tight junction proteins and inflammatory cytokines in the small intestine of dairy cattle. J Dairy Sci 2022; 105:6601-6615. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2021-21355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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MA16.06 Durvalumab ± Tremelimumab + Platinum-Etoposide in 1L ES-SCLC: Exploratory Analysis of HLA Genotype and Survival in CASPIAN. J Thorac Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2021.08.198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Analysis of mutation status and homologous recombination deficiency in tumors of patients with germline BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutations and metastatic breast cancer: OlympiAD. Ann Oncol 2021; 32:1582-1589. [PMID: 34500047 DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2021.08.2154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Presence of a germline BRCA1 and/or BRCA2 mutation (gBRCAm) may sensitize tumors to poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibition via inactivation of the second allele, resulting in gene-specific loss of heterozygosity (gsLOH) and homologous recombination deficiency (HRD). Here we explore whether tissue sample testing provides an additional route to germline testing to inform treatment selection for PARP inhibition. PATIENTS AND METHODS In this prespecified exploratory analysis, BRCA1 and/or BRCA2 mutations in blood samples (gBRCAm) and tumor tissue (tBRCAm) were analyzed from patients with human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-negative metastatic breast cancer and known gBRCAm, enrolled in the phase III OlympiAD trial. The frequency and nature of tBRCAm, HRD score status [HRD-positive (score ≥42) versus HRD-negative (score <42) using the Myriad myChoice® CDx test] and rates of gsLOH were determined, and their impact on clinical efficacy (objective response rate and progression-free survival) was explored. RESULTS Tissue samples from 161/302 patients yielded tBRCAm, HRD and gsLOH data for 143 (47%), 129 (43%) and 125 (41%) patients, respectively. Concordance between gBRCAm and tBRCAm was 99%. gsLOH was observed in 118/125 (94%) patients [BRCA1m, 73/76 (96%); BRCA2m, 45/49 (92%)]. A second mutation event was recorded for two of the three BRCA1m patients without gsLOH. The incidence of HRD-negative was 16% (21/129) and was more common for BRCA2m (versus BRCA1m) and/or for hormone receptor-positive (versus triple-negative) disease. Olaparib antitumor activity was observed irrespective of HRD score. CONCLUSIONS gBRCAm identified in patients with HER2-negative metastatic breast cancer by germline testing in blood was also identified by tumor tissue testing. gsLOH was common, indicating a high rate of biallelic inactivation in metastatic breast cancer. Olaparib activity was seen regardless of gsLOH status or HRD score. Thus, additional tumor testing to inform PARP inhibitor treatment selection may not be supported for these patients.
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1264P Early circulating tumour DNA (ctDNA) dynamics for predicting and monitoring response to immunotherapy (IO) vs chemotherapy (CT) in patients with 1L metastatic (m) NSCLC: Analyses from the phase III MYSTIC trial. Ann Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2021.08.1866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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Picture-in-picture video demonstration of systematic transperineal prostate biopsy. Hong Kong Med J 2021; 27:304-305. [PMID: 34413262 DOI: 10.12809/hkmj208864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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Tongxin formula protects H9c2 cardiomyocytes from cobalt chloride-induced hypoxic injury via inhibition of apoptosis. JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY : AN OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE POLISH PHYSIOLOGICAL SOCIETY 2021; 72. [PMID: 34810288 DOI: 10.26402/jpp.2021.3.05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the effect of the Tongxin formula (TXF) on the apoptosis of H9c2 cardiomyocytes induced by cobalt chloride (CoCl2) was investigated, and the potential mechanism was explored. A hypoxic injury model of H9c2 cardiomyocytes was established using CoCl2. The cell viability was measured using a Cell Counting Kit-8 assay. The lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release and caspase-3 activity were measured using spectrophotometry. The apoptosis was measured via Annexin V-FITC/PI staining and flow cytometry. The changes in the mitochondrial membrane potential were examined using immunofluorescence microscopy following the loading of JC-1 probes. The expressions of apoptosis-related proteins and key proteins in the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/Akt) pathway were examined via immunoblotting. The different TXF concentrations studied significantly improved the percentage of viability of cardiomyocytes with hypoxic injury, and the LDH release, apoptotic rate, caspase-3 activity, and levels of cleaved caspase-3 protein were reduced in the injured cells. Additionally, the TXF group had increased mitochondrial membrane potential, upregulated expression of Bcl-2 and p-Akt proteins, and significantly reduced expression of cleaved caspase-3 protein in the cells with hypoxic injury. Moreover, in the TXF group, the treatment significantly reduced the BAX protein expression, but the difference was not statistically significant compared with the CoCl2 group. In this study, TXF regulated the expression of apoptosis-related proteins, inhibited apoptosis, increased the mitochondrial membrane potential, and alleviated damage to the mitochondrial membrane, thereby protecting the cardiomyocytes from hypoxic injury. The underlying mechanism could be related to activation of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway and upregulation of the Bcl-2 protein.
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Androgen deprivation-induced elevated nuclear SIRT1 promotes prostate tumor cell survival by reactivation of AR signaling. Cancer Lett 2021; 505:24-36. [PMID: 33617947 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2021.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The NAD+-dependent deacetylase, Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) is involved in prostate cancer pathogenesis. However, the actual contribution is unclear as some reports propose a protective role while others suggest it is harmful. We provide evidence for a contextual role for SIRT1 in prostate cancer. Our data show that (i) mice orthotopically implanted with SIRT1-silenced LNCaP cells produced smaller tumors; (ii) SIRT1 suppression mimicked AR inhibitory effects in hormone responsive LNCaP cells; and (iii) caused significant reduction in gene signatures associated with E2F and MYC targets in AR-null PC-3 and E2F and mTORC1 signaling in castrate-resistant ARv7 positive 22Rv1 cells. Our findings further show increased nuclear SIRT1 (nSIRT1) protein under androgen-depleted relative to androgen-replete conditions in prostate cancer cell lines. Silencing SIRT1 resulted in decreased recruitment of AR to PSA enhancer selectively under androgen-deprivation conditions. Prostate cancer outcome data show that patients with higher levels of nSIRT1 progress to advanced disease relative to patients with low nSIRT1 levels. Collectively, we demonstrate that lowering SIRT1 levels potentially provides new avenues to effectively prevent prostate cancer recurrence.
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Technical validation of a new microfluidic device for enrichment of CTCs from large volumes of blood by using buffy coats to mimic diagnostic leukapheresis products. Sci Rep 2020; 10:20312. [PMID: 33219265 PMCID: PMC7680114 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-77227-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Diagnostic leukapheresis (DLA) enables to sample larger blood volumes and increases the detection of circulating tumor cells (CTC) significantly. Nevertheless, the high excess of white blood cells (WBC) of DLA products remains a major challenge for further downstream CTC enrichment and detection. To address this problem, we tested the performance of two label-free CTC technologies for processing DLA products. For the testing purposes, we established ficollized buffy coats (BC) with a WBC composition similar to patient-derived DLA products. The mimicking-DLA samples (with up to 400 × 106 WBCs) were spiked with three different tumor cell lines and processed with two versions of a spiral microfluidic chip for label-free CTC enrichment: the commercially available ClearCell FR1 biochip and a customized DLA biochip based on a similar enrichment principle, but designed for higher throughput of cells. While the samples processed with FR1 chip displayed with increasing cell load significantly higher WBC backgrounds and decreasing cell recovery, the recovery rates of the customized DLA chip were stable, even if challenged with up to 400 × 106 WBCs (corresponding to around 120 mL peripheral blood or 10% of a DLA product). These results indicate that the further up-scalable DLA biochip has potential to process complete DLA products from 2.5 L of peripheral blood in an affordable way to enable high-volume CTC-based liquid biopsies.
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Single-site laparoscopic percutaneous extraperitoneal closure (SLPEC) of hernia sac high ligation using an ordinary taper needle: a novel technique for pediatric inguinal hernia. Hernia 2020; 24:1099-1105. [PMID: 32266601 DOI: 10.1007/s10029-020-02180-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Laparoscopic high ligation of the internal inguinal ring is an alternative procedure for treatment of pediatric inguinal hernia (PIH), with a major trend toward increasing use of extracorporeal knotting and decreasing use of working ports. We have utilized this laparoscopic technique to treat the entire spectrum of PIH (including incarcerated cases) for more than 17 years, and the technique continues to evolve and improve. We herein report our latest modification of this minimally invasive technique, namely single-site laparoscopic percutaneous extraperitoneal closure (SLPEC) of hernia sac high ligation using an ordinary taper needle, and evaluate its safety and efficacy. METHODS From July 2016 to July 2019, 790 children with indirect PIH were treated by laparoscopic surgery. All patients underwent high ligation surgery with a modified single-site laparoscopic technique mainly performed by extracorporeal suturing with an ordinary closed-eye taper needle (1/2 arc 11 × 34). The clinical data were retrospectively analyzed. RESULTS All surgeries were successful without serious complications. A contralateral patent processus vaginalis (CPPV) was found intraoperatively and subsequently repaired in 190 patients (25.4%). The mean operative time was 15 min (8-25 min) for 557 unilateral hernias and 21 min (14-36 min) for 233 bilateral hernias. The mean postoperative stay was 20 h. Minor complications occurred in five patients (0.63%) and were managed properly, with no major impact on the final outcomes. No recurrence was noted in the patients who were followed up for 6-42 months. No obvious scar was present postoperatively. CONCLUSION Modified SLPEC of hernia sac high ligation using an ordinary taper needle for repair of indirect PIH is a safe, reliable, and minimally invasive procedure with satisfactory outcome, with no special device being needed. It is easy to learn and perform and is worthy of popularization in the clinical setting.
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Analysis of tumour samples from SOLO1: Frequency of BRCA specific loss of heterozygosity (LOH) and progression-free survival (PFS) according to homologous recombination repair deficiency (HRD)-LOH score. Ann Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdz250.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Phase II study of olaparib (O) and durvalumab (D) (MEDIOLA): Updated results in patients (pts) with germline BRCA-mutated (gBRCAm) metastatic breast cancer (MBC). Ann Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdz253.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Analysis of BRCA genes and homologous recombination deficiency (HRD) scores in tumours from patients (pts) with metastatic breast cancer (mBC) in the OlympiAD trial. Ann Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdz268.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Multimodal detection of homologous recombination repair gene mutations (HRRm) in a phase II trial of olaparib plus abiraterone in metastatic castrate resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). Ann Oncol 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdy269.095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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RAD51 foci as a functional biomarker of homologous recombination repair and PARP inhibitor resistance in germline BRCA-mutated breast cancer. Ann Oncol 2018; 29:1203-1210. [PMID: 29635390 PMCID: PMC5961353 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdy099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 255] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background BRCA1 and BRCA2 (BRCA1/2)-deficient tumors display impaired homologous recombination repair (HRR) and enhanced sensitivity to DNA damaging agents or to poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors (PARPi). Their efficacy in germline BRCA1/2 (gBRCA1/2)-mutated metastatic breast cancers has been recently confirmed in clinical trials. Numerous mechanisms of PARPi resistance have been described, whose clinical relevance in gBRCA-mutated breast cancer is unknown. This highlights the need to identify functional biomarkers to better predict PARPi sensitivity. Patients and methods We investigated the in vivo mechanisms of PARPi resistance in gBRCA1 patient-derived tumor xenografts (PDXs) exhibiting differential response to PARPi. Analysis included exome sequencing and immunostaining of DNA damage response proteins to functionally evaluate HRR. Findings were validated in a retrospective sample set from gBRCA1/2-cancer patients treated with PARPi. Results RAD51 nuclear foci, a surrogate marker of HRR functionality, were the only common feature in PDX and patient samples with primary or acquired PARPi resistance. Consistently, low RAD51 was associated with objective response to PARPi. Evaluation of the RAD51 biomarker in untreated tumors was feasible due to endogenous DNA damage. In PARPi-resistant gBRCA1 PDXs, genetic analysis found no in-frame secondary mutations, but BRCA1 hypomorphic proteins in 60% of the models, TP53BP1-loss in 20% and RAD51-amplification in one sample, none mutually exclusive. Conversely, one of three PARPi-resistant gBRCA2 tumors displayed BRCA2 restoration by exome sequencing. In PDXs, PARPi resistance could be reverted upon combination of a PARPi with an ataxia-telangiectasia mutated (ATM) inhibitor. Conclusion Detection of RAD51 foci in gBRCA tumors correlates with PARPi resistance regardless of the underlying mechanism restoring HRR function. This is a promising biomarker to be used in the clinic to better select patients for PARPi therapy. Our study also supports the clinical development of PARPi combinations such as those with ATM inhibitors.
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Disruptive mutations in TP53 associate with survival benefit in a PARPi trial in ovarian cancer. Ann Oncol 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdx440.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Thyroid abnormalities following the use of cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4 and programmed death receptor protein-1 inhibitors in the treatment of melanoma. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2017; 86:614-620. [PMID: 28028828 DOI: 10.1111/cen.13297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2016] [Revised: 11/14/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Checkpoint inhibitors are emerging as important cancer therapies but are associated with a high rate of immune side effects, including endocrinopathy. OBJECTIVE To determine the burden of thyroid dysfunction in patients with melanoma treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors and describe the clinical course. DESIGN AND PATIENTS Consecutive patients with melanoma treated with either ipilimumab, nivolumab, pembrolizumab or the combination of ipilimumab and nivolumab were identified. Baseline thyroid function tests were used to exclude those with pre-existing thyroid abnormalities, and thyroid function tests during treatment used to identify those with thyroid dysfunction. RESULTS Rates of overt thyroid dysfunction were in keeping with the published phase 3 trials. Hypothyroidism occurred in 13·0% treated with a programmed death receptor-1 (PD-1) inhibitor and 22·2% with a combination of PD-1 inhibitor and ipilimumab. Transient subclinical hyperthyroidism was observed in 13·0% treated with a PD-1 inhibitor, 15·9% following a PD-1 inhibitor, and 22·2% following combination treatment with investigations suggesting a thyroiditic mechanism rather than Graves' disease, and a high frequency of subsequent hypothyroidism. Any thyroid abnormality occurred in 23·0% following ipilimumab, 39·1% following a PD-1 inhibitor and 50% following combination treatment. Abnormal thyroid function was more common in female patients. CONCLUSION Thyroid dysfunction occurs commonly in patients with melanoma treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors, with rates, including subclinical dysfunction, occurring in up to 50%.
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Validation of daily increment deposition and early growth of mud carp Cirrhinus molitorella. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2017; 90:1517-1532. [PMID: 28105739 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.13250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2016] [Revised: 10/20/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In this study, laboratory reared Cirrhinus molitorella from hatching through to the juvenile stage were used to validate daily increment deposition. Lapilli were suitable for ageing C. molitorella. The slope of the linear relationships between increment counts and age was not significantly different from 1 (n = 258, P > 0·05), indicating that growth increments are deposited daily. The first increment following the first-feeding check formed 3 days post hatch (dph). One hundred and twenty-three juveniles, ranging from 36·4 to 84·7 mm in body length (LB ), were collected in the Pear River estuary from July to January in both 2014 and 2015 and used to estimate growth rate. The core in the lapillus, consisting of a single primordium, a diffuse area and the first-feeding band, was followed by 20 narrow and poorly contrasted daily increments. Thereafter, increments were wide and well-defined, and, finally became less distinct, but still homogenous after c. 53 dph. The mean increment width increased to the 29th increment and stayed relatively constant up to the 35th increment and then, gradually declined to the edge of the otolith. Wild juveniles were aged from 69 to 178 dph and hatched from the 15 February to 2 September. Growth rate was estimated from the adjusted linear regression of LB on age: LB = 4·37 + 0·44A (r2 = 0·60), where A = age. The radius of the core and the regularity and resolution of the increments showed some differences between reared and wild fish. These results are of value for the further study of early life traits and recruitment of C. molitorella.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Current studies evaluating the association of tea consumption and bone mineral density (BMD) have yielded inconsistent findings. Therefore, we conducted a meta-analysis to assess the relationship between tea consumption and BMD. METHODS The PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases were comprehensively searched, and a meta-analysis performed of all observational studies assessing the association of tea consumption and BMD. Forest plots were used to illustrate the results graphically. The Q-test and I statistic were employed to evaluate between-study heterogeneity. Potential publication bias was assessed by the funnel plot. RESULTS Four cohort, 1 case-control, and 8 cross-sectional studies including a total of 12,635 cases were included. Tea consumption was shown to prevent bone loss [odds ratio (OR): 0.66; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.47-0.94; P = 0.02], yielding higher mineral densities in several bones, including the lumbar spine [standardized mean difference (SMD): 0.19; 95% CI, 0.08-0.31; P = 0.001], hip (SMD: 0.19; 95% CI, 0.05-0.34; P = 0.01), femoral neck [mean difference (MD): 0.01; 95% CI, 0.00-0.02; P = 0.04], Ward triangle (MD: 0.02; 95% CI, 0.01-0.04; P = 0.001), and greater trochanter (MD: 0.03; 95% CI, 0.02-0.04; P < 0.00001), than the non-tea consumption group. CONCLUSION This meta-analysis provided a potential trend that tea consumption might be beneficial for BMD, especially in the lumbar spine, hip, femoral neck, Ward triangle, and greater trochanter, which might help prevent bone loss.
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Antitumor activity of the WEE1 inhibitor AZD1775 as a monotherapy and in combination with the PARP inhibitor olaparib in patient-derived explant (PDX) models. Eur J Cancer 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(16)33023-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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AB0298 Current Status of Clinical Development of Anti-TNF Biosimilars: Main Characteristics and Current Trends of Phase III Trials. Ann Rheum Dis 2016. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2016-eular.3238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Isolation, diversity and acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity of the culturable endophytic fungi harboured in Huperzia serrata from Jinggang Mountain, China. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2016; 32:20. [PMID: 26745980 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-015-1966-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2015] [Accepted: 10/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Huperzia serrata has many important medicinal properties with proven pharmacological potential. Some of these properties may be mediated by its endophytic fungi. To test this hypothesis, in the present study, we provided a first insights into evaluating the species composition and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitory activity of the culturable endophytic fungi of H. serrata from the regional at Jinggang Mountain in southeastern China. A total number of 885 fungal isolates distributed across 44 genera and 118 putative species were obtained from 1422 fragments of fine H. serrata roots, stems and leaves base on ITS-rDNA sequences BLAST analysis. The endophytic fungi were phylogenetically diverse and species-rich, with high rate of colonization and isolation. The assemble of endophytic fungi consisted mainly of Ascomycota (97.15%), followed by Basidiomycota (1.92%) and unknown fungal species (0.90%). Colletotrichum (64.29%), Phyllosticta (3.39%), Hypoxylon (2.81%), Xylaria (2.25%) and Nigrospora (2.04%) were the most abundant genera, whereas the remaining genera were infrequent groups. Although, roots yielded low abundance strains, the diverse and species-rich were both higher than that of stems and leaves. In addition, out of the 247 endophytic fungi strains determinated, 221 fungal extracts showed AChE inhibition activities in vitro. Among them, 22 endophytic fungi strains achieved high inhibitory activity (≥50%) on AChE which belongs to 13 genera and five incertae sedis strains. Four endophytic fungi designated as JS4 (Colletotrichum spp.), FL14 (Ascomycota spp.), FL9 (Sarcosomataceae spp.) and FL7 (Dothideomycetes spp.) were displayed highly active (≥80%) against AChE, which the inhibition effects were even more intense than the positive control. Our findings highlight that H. serrata grown in Jinggang Mountain harbors a rich and fascinating endophytic fungus community with potential AChE inhibitory activity, which could further broaden the natural acetylcholinesterase inhibitors resources used for Alzheimer's disease treatment.
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Study on female breast cancer imaging screening consultation network in Guangdong Province, China. EUR J GYNAECOL ONCOL 2016; 37:189-193. [PMID: 27172743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to construct breast cancer image screening consultation network (BISCN) that connects all levels of medical institutions in Guangdong Province. MATERIALS AND METHODS Fourteen hospitals in different cities and counties (districts) of Guang-dong were selected for breast cancer screening with imaging (breast X-ray, ultrasound, and MRI). "Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS)" was taken as reference to build up image data base of breast cancer screening and BISCN that is an internet-based network platform. BISCN quality control was performed to improve the diagnostic accuracy and collaboration of members. In 2011, the BISCN members underwent breast imaging diagnosis training and conducted a questionnaire survey. RESULTS BISCN allowed quick, synchronous, and accurate communication and feedback of diagnostic imaging in breast cancer among all levels of medical institutions and improved the ability of breast cancer screening in the province, as well as the detection rate of early breast cancer throughout the province, especially in the grassroot units. The survey results showed that the trainees' understanding situation of the training contents before training was 2.02 ± 1.75 points. Through the study, the participants considered that the teaching contents could solve the daily diagnose problems (2.91 ± 0.70 points), the post-training scores were improved (2.88 ± 1.23 points), and highly satisfactory with the teaching contents (2.81 ± 0.53 points). All students passed the examination and were qualified for the future. CONCLUSIONS BISCN is of good feasibility in construction and applicability in management by raising diagnosis level of breast cancer in Guangdong Province.
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435 Candidate biomarkers of PARP inhibitor sensitivity in ovarian cancer beyond the BRCA genes. Eur J Cancer 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(16)30269-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Proliferation inhibition and CD4/CD8 thymocyte subset skewing by in vivo exposure of C57BL/6 mice to Ah receptor-binding 3,3',4,4'-tetrachlorobiphenyl. EXPERIMENTAL AND CLINICAL IMMUNOGENETICS 2015; 11:75-85. [PMID: 7826668 DOI: 10.1159/000424196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
3,3',4,4'-Tetrachlorobiphenyl (TCB) and other Ah receptor-binding xenobiotics lead to thymus atrophy and immunosuppression, the former possibly causing the latter. In order to better understand the TCB-induced events in the murine thymus, we analyzed the effects of TCB on the proliferation capacity and maturation kinetics of different thymocyte subsets in 2-week-old C57BL/6 mice (i.e. of the Ahb-1 'dioxin-sensitive' genotype). Mice were injected with a single dose of TCB, and the development of thymocytes was followed up for 10 days using flow cytometric surface marker analysis combined with measurement of DNA content by 7-amino-actinomycin D staining. Already 2 days after exposure to TCB, fewer of the more immature thymocytes (CD4-CD8-, CD4-CD8+ alpha beta TCR-) were proliferating than in thymi from control animals. Eventually this led to a severe decrease in thymus cellularity. Moreover, a shift towards the CD4-CD8+ mature subpopulation was observed. The effects were reversible, and proliferation and CD4/CD8 subset distribution returned to normal levels within the observation period. The results are in good agreement with the data obtained previously in vitro with fetal thymus organ cultures.
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Liquid Chromatography – Mass Spectrometry Method for the Simultaneous Determination and Confirmation of Seven Active Components in Chinese Medicine Kumu Injection. TROP J PHARM RES 2014. [DOI: 10.4314/tjpr.v13i1.20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Abstract
hMSL2 (male-specific lethal 2, human) is a RING finger protein with ubiquitin ligase activity. Although it has been shown to target histone H2B at lysine 34 and p53 at lysine 351, suggesting roles in transcription regulation and apoptosis, its function in these and other processes remains poorly defined. To further characterize this protein, we have disrupted the Msl2 gene in chicken DT40 cells. Msl2−/− cells are viable, with minor growth defects. Biochemical analysis of the chromatin in these cells revealed aberrations in the levels of several histone modifications involved in DNA damage response pathways. DNA repair assays show that both Msl2−/− chicken cells and hMSL2-depleted human cells have defects in non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) repair. DNA damage assays also demonstrate that both Msl2 and hMSL2 proteins are modified and stabilized shortly after induction of DNA damage. Moreover, hMSL2 mediates modification, presumably ubiquitylation, of a key DNA repair mediator 53BP1 at lysine 1690. Similarly, hMSL1 and hMOF (males absent on the first) are modified in the presence of hMSL2 shortly after DNA damage. These data identify a novel role for Msl2/hMSL2 in the cellular response to DNA damage. The kinetics of its stabilization suggests a function early in the NHEJ repair pathway. Moreover, Msl2 plays a role in maintaining normal histone modification profiles, which may also contribute to the DNA damage response.
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Characterization of V1V2-specific antibodies present in broadly neutralizing plasma isolated from HIV-1 infected individuals. Retrovirology 2012. [PMCID: PMC3441749 DOI: 10.1186/1742-4690-9-s2-o30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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Construction of SHIVs expressing quaternary neutralization epitopes in Env and mimicking the neutralization phenotype of typical HIV-1 isolates. Retrovirology 2012. [PMCID: PMC3441856 DOI: 10.1186/1742-4690-9-s2-p28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Effects of Basal Media and Supplements on Diethylstilbestrol-Treated Immature Mouse Primary Granulosa Cell Growth and Regulation of Steroidogenesis In Vitro. Reprod Domest Anim 2011; 47:355-64. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0531.2011.01879.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Crystal structure of the ARL2-GTP-BART complex reveals a novel recognition and binding mode of small GTPase with effector. Structure 2009; 17:602-10. [PMID: 19368893 DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2009.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2008] [Revised: 01/02/2009] [Accepted: 01/16/2009] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
ARL2 is a member of the ADP-ribosylation factor family but has unique biochemical features. BART is an effector of ARL2 that is essential for nuclear retention of STAT3 and may also be involved in mitochondria transport and apoptosis. Here we report the crystal structure and biochemical characterization of human ARL2-GTP-BART complex. ARL2-GTP assumes a typical small GTPase fold with a unique N-terminal alpha helix conformation. BART consists of a six alpha helix bundle. The interactions between ARL2 and BART involve two interfaces: a conserved N-terminal LLXIL motif of ARL2 is embedded in a hydrophobic cleft of BART and the switch regions of ARL2 interact with helix alpha3 of BART. Both interfaces are essential for the binding as verified by mutagenesis study. This novel recognition and binding mode is different from that of other small GTPase-effector interactions and provides molecular basis for the high specificity of ARL2 for BART.
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A region of barley chromosome 6H harbors multiple major genes associated with net type net blotch resistance. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2008; 117:1261-1270. [PMID: 18712341 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-008-0860-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2008] [Accepted: 07/30/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Net type net blotch (NTNB), caused by Pyrenophora teres f. teres Drechs., is prevalent in barley growing regions worldwide. A population of 118 doubled haploid (DH) lines developed from a cross between barley cultivars 'Rika' and 'Kombar' were used to evaluate resistance to NTNB due to their differential reaction to various isolates of P. teres f. teres. Rika was resistant to P. teres f. teres isolate 15A and susceptible to isolate 6A. Conversely, Kombar was resistant to 6A, but susceptible to 15A. A progeny isolate of a 15A x 6A cross identified as 15A x 6A#4 was virulent on both parental lines. The Rika/Kombar (RK) DH population was evaluated for disease reactions to the three isolates. Isolate 15A induced a resistant:susceptible ratio of 78:40 (R:S) whereas isolate 6A induced a resistant:susceptible ratio of 40:78. All but two lines had opposite disease reactions indicating two major resistance genes linked in repulsion. Progeny isolate 15A x 6A#4 showed a resistant:susceptible ratio of 1:117 with the one resistant line also being the single line that was resistant to both 15A and 6A. An RK F(2) population segregated in a 1:3 (R:S) ratio for both 15A and 6A indicating that resistance is recessive. Molecular markers were used to identify a region on chromosome 6H that harbors the two NTNB resistance genes. This work shows that multiple NTNB resistance genes exist at the locus on chromosome 6H, and the recombinant DH line harboring the resistance alleles from both parents will be useful for the development of NTNB-resistant barley germplasm.
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Chromosomal microarray mapping suggests a role for BSX and Neurogranin in neurocognitive and behavioral defects in the 11q terminal deletion disorder (Jacobsen syndrome). Neurogenetics 2008; 10:89-95. [PMID: 18855024 DOI: 10.1007/s10048-008-0157-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2008] [Accepted: 09/23/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
We performed a prospective analysis on 14 11q- patients to determine the relationship between the degree of cognitive impairment and relative deletion size. Seventeen measures of cognitive function were assessed. All nine patients with a deletion of at least 12.1 Mb had severe global cognitive impairment, with full-scale IQ <50, whereas all five patients with smaller deletions, <or=11.8 Mb, demonstrated mild cognitive impairment, with a full-scale IQ of 63 or higher (p < 0.001). Among these five patients, the two patients with the larger deletions (11.4, 11.8 Mb) had a selective impairment in freedom from distractability compared to the three patients with smaller deletions (<or=9.1 Mb). We propose the presence of a proximal critical region that contains a gene for global cognitive function and a distal critical region that contains a gene essential for auditory attention, which may be necessary for optimizing intellectual function. The proximal critical region is 300 kb and contains three annotated genes. One of these genes, BSX, encodes a brain-specific homeobox protein that in gene-targeted mice has been shown previously to have a role in regulating locomotory behavior via BSX-expressing neurons in the hypothalamus. The distal critical region, approximately 2.2 Mb, contains 18 annotated genes. One gene in this region, Neurogranin, has been demonstrated previously in mice to be critical for synapse plasticity and long-term potentiation. Taken together, our results implicate the presence of at least two loci in distal 11q that when deleted, cause global and selective deficits in neurocognitive function. These findings have important implications for genetic counseling and potential gene-specific therapies.
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137 POSTER Characterization of GSK1120212 a novel allosteric inhibitor of MEK1/2. EJC Suppl 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/s1359-6349(08)72069-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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In vitro and in vivo evidence for lack of endovascular remodeling by third trimester trophoblasts. Placenta 2008; 29:871-8. [PMID: 18775564 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2008.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2008] [Revised: 07/22/2008] [Accepted: 07/24/2008] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The placental-decidual interaction through invading trophoblasts determines whether a physiological transformation of the uterine spiral arteries is established or not. Trophoblast-orchestrated artery remodeling is central to normal placentation. Dysregulated uteroplacental interaction and vascular remodeling are thought to be associated with the molecular events underlying the pathology of late pregnancy anomalies including preeclampsia. Although the exact gestational age at which trophoblast invasion ceases is not known, it remains unclear whether late pregnancy trophoblasts retain the ability to transform the uterine arteries. Here, we have developed a dual cell, in vitro culture system that mimics the vascular remodeling events during normal pregnancy. We demonstrate that first and third trimester trophoblasts respond differentially to interactive signals from endothelial cells when cultured on matrigel. Term primary trophoblasts or immortalized third trimester extravillous TCL1 trophoblasts not only fail to respond to signals from endothelial cells but also inhibit endothelial cell tube formation. In contrast, HTR8 cells, representing a first trimester trophoblast cell line with invasive properties, undergo spontaneous migration and synchronize with the endothelial cells in a capillary network. This disparity in behavior was confirmed in vivo using a matrigel plug assay. Poor expression of VEGF C and VEGF receptors coupled with high E-cadherin expression by term primary trophoblasts and TCL1 cells contributed to their restricted interactive and migratory properties. We further show that the kinase activity of VEGF R2 is essential for proactive crosstalk by HTR8 cells. This unique behavior of first trimester trophoblasts in the presence of endothelial cells offers a potential approach to study cell-cell interactions and to decipher modulatory components in the serum samples from adverse pregnancy outcomes.
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Molecular basis of recognition of human osteopontin by 23C3, a potential therapeutic antibody for treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. J Mol Biol 2008; 382:835-42. [PMID: 18694758 PMCID: PMC2793339 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2008.07.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2008] [Revised: 07/14/2008] [Accepted: 07/25/2008] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Osteopontin plays an important role in the development and perpetuation of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Antibodies targeting osteopontin have shown promising therapeutic benefits against this disease. We have previously reported a novel anti-RA monoclonal antibody, namely, 23C3, and shown it capable of alleviating the symptoms of RA in a murine collagen-induced arthritis model, restoring the cytokine production profile in joint tissues, and reducing T-cell recall responses to collagen type II. We describe here the crystal structure of 23C3 in complex with its epitope peptide. Analyses of the complex structure reveal the molecular mechanism of osteopontin recognition by 23C3. The peptide folds into two tandem β-turns, and two key residues of the peptide are identified to be critical for the recognition by 23C3: TrpP43 is deeply embedded into a hydrophobic pocket formed by AlaL34, TyrL36, LeuL46, TyrL49, PheL91, and MetH102 and therefore has extensive hydrophobic interactions with 23C3, while AspP47 has a network of hydrophilic interactions with residues ArgH50, ArgH52, SerH53, and AsnH56 of the antibody. Besides the complementarity-determining region loops, the framework region L2 of 23C3 is also shown to interact with the epitope peptide, which is not common in the antibody–antigen interactions and thus could be exploited in the engineering of 23C3. These results not only provide valuable information for further improvement of 23C3 such as chimerization or humanization for its therapeutic application, but also reveal the features of this specific epitope of osteopontin that may be useful for the development of new antibody drugs against RA.
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FAP mutations destabilize transthyretin facilitating conformational changes required for amyloid formation. CIBA FOUNDATION SYMPOSIUM 2007; 199:228-38; discussion 239-42. [PMID: 8915613 DOI: 10.1002/9780470514924.ch14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Functional transthyretin (TTR) can be transformed into amyloid by partial acid denaturation yielding a monomeric amyloidogenic intermediate which self-associates. The amyloidogenic intermediate has substantial beta-sheet structure with non-native but defined tertiary structure. pH-dependent proteolysis sensitivity studies have identified portions of TTR which become disordered and solvent-exposed in the amyloidogenic intermediate. These include the C-strand-loop D-strand portion of TTR which moves away from the core of the beta-sandwich fold. Mutations that are associated with early onset-amyloid disease (familial amyloidotic polyneuropathy; FAP) function by destabilizing tetrameric TTR in favour of the monomeric amyloidogenic intermediate which has a rearranged C-strand-loop D-strand region. In most cases the FAP mutations do not significantly alter the native folded structure, but instead act on the denaturation pathway by a mechanism that is not completely understood. Interestingly, mutations have also been characterized which strongly stabilize tetrameric TTR and make amyloid formation very difficult at pHs accessible in vivo.
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Identification and chromosomal location of major genes for resistance to Pyrenophora teres in a doubled-haploid barley population. Genome 2007; 49:855-9. [PMID: 16936794 DOI: 10.1139/g06-024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Net blotch, caused by Pyrenophora teres, is one of the most economically important diseases of barley worldwide. Here, we used a barley doubled-haploid population derived from the lines SM89010 and Q21861 to identify major quantitative trait loci (QTLs) associated with seedling resistance to P. teres f. teres (net-type net blotch (NTNB)) and P. teres f. maculata (spot-type net blotch (STNB)). A map consisting of simple sequence repeat (SSR) and amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers was used to identify chromosome locations of resistance loci. Major QTLs for NTNB and STNB resistance were located on chromosomes 6H and 4H, respectively. The 6H locus (NTNB) accounted for as much as 89% of the disease variation, whereas the 4H locus (STNB resistance) accounted for 64%. The markers closely linked to the resistance gene loci will be useful for marker-assisted selection.
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