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Rosada C, Bauer M, Golde S, Metz S, Roepke S, Otte C, Wolf OT, Buss C, Wingenfeld K. Association between childhood trauma and brain anatomy in women with post-traumatic stress disorder, women with borderline personality disorder, and healthy women. Eur J Psychotraumatol 2021; 12:1959706. [PMID: 34567441 PMCID: PMC8462923 DOI: 10.1080/20008198.2021.1959706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Childhood trauma (CT) is associated with altered brain anatomy. These neuroanatomical changes might be more pronounced in individuals with a psychiatric disorder. Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and borderline personality disorder (BPD) are more prevalent in individuals with a history of CT. OBJECTIVE In this study, we examined limbic and total brain volumes in healthy women with and without a history of CT and in females with PTSD or BPD and a history of CT to see whether neuroanatomical changes are a function of psychopathology or CT. METHOD In total, 128 women (N = 70 healthy controls without CT, N = 25 healthy controls with CT, N = 14 individuals with PTSD, and N = 19 individuals with BPD) were recruited. A T1-weighted anatomical MRI was acquired from all participants for Freesurfer-based assessment of total brain, hippocampus, and amygdala volumes. Severity of CT was assessed with a clinical interview and the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire. Group differences in hippocampal and amygdala volumes (adjusted for total brain volume) and total brain volume (adjusted for height) were characterized by analysis of covariance. RESULTS Volume of the total brain, hippocampus, and amygdala did not differ between the four groups (p > .05). CT severity correlated negatively with total brain volume across groups (r = -0.20; p = .029). CONCLUSIONS CT was associated with reduced brain volume but PTSD or BPD was not. The association between CT and reduced brain volume as a global measure of brain integrity suggests a common origin for vulnerability to psychiatric disorders later in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catarina Rosada
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Klinik Für Psychiatrie Und Psychotherapie, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Martin Bauer
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt Universität Zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Institute of Medical Psychology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sabrina Golde
- Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Department of Education and Psychology, Freie Universität, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sophie Metz
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Klinik Für Psychiatrie Und Psychotherapie, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Stefan Roepke
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Klinik Für Psychiatrie Und Psychotherapie, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christian Otte
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Klinik Für Psychiatrie Und Psychotherapie, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Oliver T Wolf
- Department of Cognitive Psychology, Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, Faculty of Psychology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Claudia Buss
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt Universität Zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Institute of Medical Psychology, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA; Development, Health and Disease Research Program, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Katja Wingenfeld
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Klinik Für Psychiatrie Und Psychotherapie, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany
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Manthey A, Sierk A, Brakemeier EL, Walter H, Daniels JK. Does trauma-focused psychotherapy change the brain? A systematic review of neural correlates of therapeutic gains in PTSD. Eur J Psychotraumatol 2021; 12:1929025. [PMID: 34394855 PMCID: PMC8354020 DOI: 10.1080/20008198.2021.1929025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Meta-analytic results indicate that posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is associated with hypoactivation of the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), hyperactivation of the amygdala, and volume reductions of the hippocampus. Effective psychotherapeutic treatments were hypothesized to normalize these neural patterns via upregulation of prefrontal structures, which in turn downregulate limbic regions. OBJECTIVE To gain a sound understanding of the effects of successful psychotherapy on the brain, neural changes from pre- to post-treatment in PTSD patients will be aggregated. METHOD A systematic literature search identified 24 original studies employing structural or functional MRI measurements both before and after treatment of patients diagnosed with PTSD. RESULTS In conjunction, the review returned little evidence of an activation increase in the mPFC/rostral anterior cingulate cortex (rACC) following successful treatment. Five out of 12 studies observed such an increase (especially during emotion processing tasks), albeit in partially non-overlapping brain regions. Conversely, neither the putative related activation decrease in the amygdala nor volumetric changes or altered activation during the resting state could be convincingly established. CONCLUSION Successful psychological treatments might potentially work via upregulation of the mPFC, which thus may be involved in symptom reduction. However, the role of the amygdala in recovery from PTSD remains unclear. There is currently no indication that the various PTSD treatment approaches employed by the reviewed studies differ regarding their action mechanisms, but further research on this topic is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antje Manthey
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anika Sierk
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Eva-Lotta Brakemeier
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Universität Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.,Psychologische Hochschule Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Henrik Walter
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Judith K Daniels
- Psychologische Hochschule Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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Aylesworth L, Foster SJ, Vincent ACJ. Realities of offering advice to governments on CITES. Conserv Biol 2020; 34:644-653. [PMID: 31840860 DOI: 10.1111/cobi.13451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Revised: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
What happens when those who provide conservation advice are required to take policy and management action based on that advice? Conservation advocates and scientists often try to prompt regulatory change that has significant implications for government without facing the challenge of managing such change. Through a case study, we placed ourselves in the role of the government of Thailand, facing obligations to seahorses (Hippocampus spp.) under the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES). These obligations include ensuring that its exports of seahorses do not damage wild populations. We applied a CITES-approved framework (which we developed) to evaluate the risks of such exports to 2 seahorse species. We used the framework to evaluate the pressures that put wild populations of the species at risk; whether current management mitigates the risk or offsets these pressures; and whether the species is responding as hoped to management policy. We based our analysis on information in published and grey literature, local knowledge, citizen science data, results of government research, and expert opinion. To meet CITES obligations, exports of both species would need to be prohibited until more precautionary adaptive management emerged. The risk of any exports of Hippocampus trimaculatus was above a tolerable level because of a lack of appropriate management to mitigate risks. In contrast, the risk of any exports of Hippocampus kuda could become tolerable if monitoring were put in place to assess the species' response to management. The process we developed for Authorities to determine risk in response to CITES guidelines was challenging to implement even without the need for government to consider social implications of conservation action. Despite the imperfections of our risk evaluation, however, it still served to support adaptive management. Conservationists need to keep implementation in mind when offering advice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay Aylesworth
- Project Seahorse, Institute for the Oceans and Fisheries, The University of British Columbia, 2202 Main Mall, Vancouver, V6T1Z4, Canada
| | - Sarah J Foster
- Project Seahorse, Institute for the Oceans and Fisheries, The University of British Columbia, 2202 Main Mall, Vancouver, V6T1Z4, Canada
| | - Amanda C J Vincent
- Project Seahorse, Institute for the Oceans and Fisheries, The University of British Columbia, 2202 Main Mall, Vancouver, V6T1Z4, Canada
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颜 文, 张 纯, 邢 通, 宫 雪, 杨 宇, 李 亦, 刘 玄, 阿依江·加马力丁, 郁 叶, 张 萌, 陈 莉. [Nicorandil improves cognitive dysfunction in mice with streptozotocin-induced diabetes]. Nan Fang Yi Ke Da Xue Xue Bao 2018; 38:384-389. [PMID: 29735436 PMCID: PMC6765662 DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-4254.2018.04.03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To observe the protective effects of potassium channel opener nicorandil against cognitive dysfunction in mice with streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes. METHODS C57BL/6J mouse models of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) were established by intraperitoneal injection of STZ and received daily treatment with intragastric administration of nicorandil or saline (model group) for 4 consecutive weeks, with normal C57BL/6J mice serving as control. Fasting blood glucose level was recorded every week and Morris water maze was used to evaluate the cognitive behavior of the mice in the 4th week. At the end of the experiment, the mice were sacrificed to observe the ultrastructural changes in the hippocampus and pancreas under transmission electron microscopy; the contents of glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) in the hippocampus and SOD activity and MDA level in the brain tissue were determined. RESULTS Compared with the control group, the model group showed significantly increased fasting blood glucose (P<0.001), significantly prolonged escape latency (P<0.05) and increased swimming distance (P<0.01) with ultrastructural damage of pancreatic β cells and in the hippocampus; GIP and GLP-1 contents in the hippocampus (P<0.01) and SOD activity in the brain were significantly decreased (P<0.05) and MDA content was significantly increased in the model group (P<0.05). Compared with the model group, nicorandil treatment did not cause significant changes in fasting blood glucose, but significantly reduced the swimming distance (P<0.05); nicorandil did not improve the ultrastructural changes in pancreatic β cells but obviously improved the ultrastructures of hippocampal neurons and synapses. Nicorandil also significantly increased the contents of GIP and GLP-1 in the hippocampus (P<0.05), enhanced SOD activity (P<0.05) and decreased MDA level (P<0.01) in the brain tissue. CONCLUSION Nicorandil improves cognitive dysfunction in mice with STZ-induced diabetes by increasing GIP and GLP-1 contents in the hippocampus and promoting antioxidation to relieve hippocampal injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- 文慧 颜
- 西安交通大学医学部 基础医学院药理学系 陕西 西安 710061Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - 纯茜 张
- 西安交通大学医学部 临床医学系,陕西 西安 710061Department of Clinical Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - 通 邢
- 西安交通大学医学部 临床医学系,陕西 西安 710061Department of Clinical Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - 雪 宫
- 西安交通大学医学部 临床医学系,陕西 西安 710061Department of Clinical Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - 宇轩 杨
- 西安交通大学医学部 临床医学系,陕西 西安 710061Department of Clinical Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - 亦诺 李
- 西安交通大学医学部 临床医学系,陕西 西安 710061Department of Clinical Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - 玄 刘
- 西安交通大学医学部 临床医学系,陕西 西安 710061Department of Clinical Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - 阿依江·加马力丁
- 西安交通大学医学部 临床医学系,陕西 西安 710061Department of Clinical Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - 叶 郁
- 西安交通大学医学部 基础医学院药理学系 陕西 西安 710061Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - 萌 张
- 西安交通大学医学部 基础医学院药理学系 陕西 西安 710061Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - 莉娜 陈
- 西安交通大学医学部 基础医学院药理学系 陕西 西安 710061Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an 710061, China
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胡 冬, 李 雅, 梁 赵, 钟 瞾, 唐 杰, 廖 婧, 田 和, 佘 高, 刘 誉, 邢 会. [Long-term high-fat diet inhibits hippocampal expression of insulin receptor substrates and accelerates cognitive deterioration in obese rats]. Nan Fang Yi Ke Da Xue Xue Bao 2018; 38:460-465. [PMID: 29735448 PMCID: PMC6765670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2017] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the effect of long-term high-fat diet on the expressions of insulin receptor substrates in the hippocampus and spatial learning and memory ability of obese rats. METHODS A total of 100 4-week-old male SD rats were randomly divided into two groups and fed with common diet (CD group, n=40) or high-fat diet (HFD group, n=60) for 16 weeks. At 4, 8, 12, 16 and 20 weeks, 8 rats were randomly selected from each group for testing their spatial learning and memory function using Morris water maze. After the tests, the rats were sacrificed for measurement of the metabolic parameters and detection of the expressions of insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1) and IRS-2 mRNAs in the CA1 region of the hippocampus. RESULTS Compared with those in CD group, the rats in HFD group showed a prolonged escape latency, longer swimming distance, faster average swimming speed, and shorter stay in the platformat 12 weeks. In HFD group, the serum levels of total cholesterol, triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and fasting insulin were all significantly increased (P<0.05) and the level of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol decreased (P<0.01) in comparison with those in CD group at each of the time points. No significant difference was found in fast glucose levels between the two groups (P>0.05), but the expressions of IRS-1 and IRS-2 mRNAs were significantly decreased in HFD group at 12 weeks (P<0.05). CONCLUSION In obese rats, long-term feeding with high-fat diet leads to insulin resistance, which interferes with hippocampal expression of insulin receptor substrates and insulin metabolism to cause impairment of the cognitive function and accelerate cognitive deterioration.
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Affiliation(s)
- 冬华 胡
- 暨南大学 附属第一院麻醉科,广东 广州 510630Department of Anesthesia of First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - 雅兰 李
- 暨南大学 附属第一院麻醉科,广东 广州 510630Department of Anesthesia of First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - 赵佳 梁
- 暨南大学 附属第一院麻醉科,广东 广州 510630Department of Anesthesia of First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - 瞾 钟
- 暨南大学 附属第一院麻醉科,广东 广州 510630Department of Anesthesia of First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - 杰柯 唐
- 暨南大学 附属第一院麻醉科,广东 广州 510630Department of Anesthesia of First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - 婧 廖
- 暨南大学 附属第一院麻醉科,广东 广州 510630Department of Anesthesia of First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - 和 田
- 暨南大学 附属第一院麻醉科,广东 广州 510630Department of Anesthesia of First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - 高明 佘
- 暨南大学 附属第一院麻醉科,广东 广州 510630Department of Anesthesia of First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - 誉 刘
- 暨南大学 医学院生化教研室,广东 广州 510630Departmen of Biochemistry, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - 会杰 邢
- 暨南大学 实验动物中心,广东 广州 510630Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
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胡 冬, 李 雅, 梁 赵, 钟 瞾, 唐 杰, 廖 婧, 田 和, 佘 高, 刘 誉, 邢 会. [Long-term high-fat diet inhibits hippocampal expression of insulin receptor substrates and accelerates cognitive deterioration in obese rats]. Nan Fang Yi Ke Da Xue Xue Bao 2018; 38:460-465. [PMID: 29735448 PMCID: PMC6765670 DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-4254.2018.04.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the effect of long-term high-fat diet on the expressions of insulin receptor substrates in the hippocampus and spatial learning and memory ability of obese rats. METHODS A total of 100 4-week-old male SD rats were randomly divided into two groups and fed with common diet (CD group, n=40) or high-fat diet (HFD group, n=60) for 16 weeks. At 4, 8, 12, 16 and 20 weeks, 8 rats were randomly selected from each group for testing their spatial learning and memory function using Morris water maze. After the tests, the rats were sacrificed for measurement of the metabolic parameters and detection of the expressions of insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1) and IRS-2 mRNAs in the CA1 region of the hippocampus. RESULTS Compared with those in CD group, the rats in HFD group showed a prolonged escape latency, longer swimming distance, faster average swimming speed, and shorter stay in the platformat 12 weeks. In HFD group, the serum levels of total cholesterol, triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and fasting insulin were all significantly increased (P<0.05) and the level of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol decreased (P<0.01) in comparison with those in CD group at each of the time points. No significant difference was found in fast glucose levels between the two groups (P>0.05), but the expressions of IRS-1 and IRS-2 mRNAs were significantly decreased in HFD group at 12 weeks (P<0.05). CONCLUSION In obese rats, long-term feeding with high-fat diet leads to insulin resistance, which interferes with hippocampal expression of insulin receptor substrates and insulin metabolism to cause impairment of the cognitive function and accelerate cognitive deterioration.
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Affiliation(s)
- 冬华 胡
- 暨南大学 附属第一院麻醉科,广东 广州 510630Department of Anesthesia of First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - 雅兰 李
- 暨南大学 附属第一院麻醉科,广东 广州 510630Department of Anesthesia of First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - 赵佳 梁
- 暨南大学 附属第一院麻醉科,广东 广州 510630Department of Anesthesia of First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - 瞾 钟
- 暨南大学 附属第一院麻醉科,广东 广州 510630Department of Anesthesia of First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - 杰柯 唐
- 暨南大学 附属第一院麻醉科,广东 广州 510630Department of Anesthesia of First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - 婧 廖
- 暨南大学 附属第一院麻醉科,广东 广州 510630Department of Anesthesia of First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - 和 田
- 暨南大学 附属第一院麻醉科,广东 广州 510630Department of Anesthesia of First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - 高明 佘
- 暨南大学 附属第一院麻醉科,广东 广州 510630Department of Anesthesia of First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - 誉 刘
- 暨南大学 医学院生化教研室,广东 广州 510630Departmen of Biochemistry, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - 会杰 邢
- 暨南大学 实验动物中心,广东 广州 510630Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
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EphA5/ephrinA5在癫癎大鼠 海马CA3区的表达变化及作用. Zhongguo Dang Dai Er Ke Za Zhi 2017; 19. [PMID: 29237529 DOI: 10.7499/j.issn.1008-8830.2017.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the changes in the expression of EphA5 and its ligand ephrinA5 in the hippocampus of rats with epilepsy and their role in the pathogenesis of temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). METHODS A total of 240 Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into control group and TLE group, with 120 rats in each group. A rat model of lithium-pilocarpine TLE was established, and then the rats were divided into subgroups at 12 and 24 hours and 7, 15, 30, and 60 days after epilepsy was induced. In-situ hybridization was used to measure the mRNA expression of ephrinA5 in the CA3 region and the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus in 9 rats; immunohistochemistry was used to measure the protein expression of EphA5 in the CA3 region and the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus in 9 rats; Neo-Timm silver staining was used to observe mossy fiber sprouting in the CA3 region of the hippocampus in 2 rats. RESULTS In-situ hybridization showed mRNA expression of ephrinA5 in the CA3 region of the hippocampus, but this was not found in the dentate gyrus. Compared with the control group at the same time point, the TLE group had a significant reduction in the mRNA expression of ephrinA5 in the CA3 region of the hippocampus at 7 and 15 days after epilepsy was induced (P<0.05); at 30 and 60 days after epilepsy was induced, the TLE group had a gradual increase in the mRNA expression of ephrinA5 in the CA3 region of the hippocampus, and there was no significant difference between the TLE and control groups (P>0.05). Immunohistochemistry showed that EphA5 protein was expressed in the CA3 region and the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus and had a similar trend of change as ephrinA5 mRNA. Neo-Timm silver staining showed that the TLE group developed marked mossy fiber sprouting in the CA3 region of the hippocampus at 7 and 15 days after epilepsy was induced. CONCLUSIONS Downregulation of ephrinA5 and EphA5 in the CA3 region of the hippocampus may participate in the mechanism of mossy fiber sprouting and is closely associated with the development and progression of epilepsy.
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Shi XM, Fu YW, Huang LR, Yang H. [Influence of chronic lead exposure in rats during the developmental stage on expression of leptin in plasma, cerebrospinal fluid, and hippocampus]. Zhongguo Dang Dai Er Ke Za Zhi 2016; 18:762-769. [PMID: 27530797 PMCID: PMC7399520 DOI: 10.7499/j.issn.1008-8830.2016.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2016] [Accepted: 06/06/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the influence of lead exposure in rats during the developmental stage on the expression of leptin in plasma, cerebrospinal fluid, and hippocampus, as well as investigating whether leptin is associated with the mechanism of cognitive impairment induced by lead exposure. METHODS The rat model of cognitive impairment after chronic lead exposure was established by adding lead acetate into drinking water. According to the concentration of lead acetate in drinking water, the rats were divided into control (0 ppm), low-lead (50 ppm), medium-lead (200 ppm), and high-lead groups (1 000 ppm), with 16 rats in each group. Atomic absorption spectrometry was used to measure the content of lead in the plasma, cerebrospinal fluid and hippocampus. ELISA was used to measure the level of leptin in the plasma and cerebrospinal fluid. Immunohistochemistry was used to observe the distribution of leptin protein in the hippocampus. Western blot was used for relative quantification of leptin proteins in the hippocampus. RESULTS Compared with the control group, the lead exposure groups showed significant increases in the content of lead in blood, cerebrospinal fluid, and hippocampus (P<0.01), as well as significant reductions in the levels of leptin in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid (P<0.05). The results of immunohistochemical staining showed that leptin was mainly distributed in the cytoplasm of pyramidal neurons in the hippocampal CA region. The results of Western blot showed that compared with the control group, the three lead exposure groups showed a slight increase in the protein expression of leptin in the hippocampus (P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS Lead exposure can reduce the levels of leptin in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid in rats, which may be associated with the mechanism of cognitive impairment induced by lead exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Mei Shi
- Department of Laboratory, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
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