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Ganzar LA, Burford K, Salvo D, Spoon C, Sallis JF, Hoelscher DM. Development, scoring, and reliability for the Microscale Audit of Pedestrian Streetscapes for Safe Routes to School (MAPS-SRTS) instrument. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:722. [PMID: 38448838 PMCID: PMC10916041 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-18202-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Active commuting to school can be a meaningful contributor to overall physical activity in children. To inform better micro-level urban design near schools that can support active commuting to school, there is a need for measures that capture these elements. This paper describes the adaptation of an observational instrument for use in assessing micro-scale environments around urban elementary schools in the United States. METHODS The Micro-scale Audit of Pedestrian Streetscapes for Safe Routes to School (MAPS-SRTS) was developed from existing audit instruments not designed for school travel environments and modifications for the MAPS-SRTS instrument include the structure of the audit tool sections, the content, the observation route, and addition of new subscales. Subscales were analyzed for inter-rater reliability in a sample of 36 schools in Austin, TX. To assess reliability for each subscale, one-way random effects single-measure intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) were used. RESULTS Compared to the 30 original subscales, the adapted MAPS-SRTS included 26 (86.6%) subscales with revised scoring algorithms. Most MAPS-SRTS subscales had acceptable inter-rater reliability, with an ICC of 0.97 for the revised audit tool. CONCLUSIONS The MAPS-SRTS audit tool is a reliable instrument for measuring the school travel environment for research and evaluation purposes, such as assessing human-scale determinants of active commuting to school behavior and documenting built environment changes from infrastructure interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leigh Ann Ganzar
- Michael and Susan Dell Center for Healthy Living, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth) School of Public Health Austin Campus, Austin, TX, 78701, USA.
| | - Katie Burford
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, 722 West 168th Street, New York, NY, 10031, US
| | - Deborah Salvo
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Education, College of Education, The University of Texas in Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Chad Spoon
- University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - James F Sallis
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Deanna M Hoelscher
- Michael and Susan Dell Center for Healthy Living, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth) School of Public Health Austin Campus, Austin, TX, 78701, USA
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Evans JT, Buscot MJ, Gall S, Dwyer T, Venn A, Cleland V. Determining pathways of effect between correlates and outcomes of transport-related physical activity at differing timepoints across the lifecourse: A structural equation modelling approach. Prev Med 2024; 179:107825. [PMID: 38128768 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2023.107825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Transport-related physical activity levels differ across the lifecourse; however, the nature of these differences is poorly understood. This study examined the relationship between correlates of transport-related physical activity and how they differ in strength, pathway, and direction across the lifecourse. Structural Equation Modelling assessed relationships between correlates (e.g., age, smoking, education) and transport-related physical activity (assessed via the International Physical Activity Questionnaire) at four timepoints of the Australian Childhood Determinants of Adult Health study: childhood (7-15y; n = 6302), early-adulthood (26-36y; n = 2700), early/mid-adulthood (31-41y; n = 1649), and mid-adulthood (36-49y; n = 1794). Several pathways were consistent across the lifecourse. Self-rated health directly associated with transport-related physical activity across all timepoints. During adulthood greater body mass index and smoking frequency were indirectly associated with lower levels of transport-related physical activity via self-rated health; similarly, lower educated adults, who smoked more frequently, and had poorer health, had lower transport-related physical activity. Urban residence was directly associated with greater transport-related physical activity in childhood and early-adulthood; having more children in early/mid- and mid-adulthood was directly associated with less transport-related physical activity. This is the first study to report pathways of direct and indirect association between correlates and transport-related physical activity at key lifecourse stages. The pathways highlighted can inform policy and practice to aid in the development of age-specific lifecourse interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack T Evans
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Australia
| | | | - Seana Gall
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Australia; School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Australia
| | - Terence Dwyer
- Nuffield Department of Women's & Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, United Kingdom; Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Alison Venn
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Australia
| | - Verity Cleland
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Australia; School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Australia.
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Power C, Fitzpatrick P. Child and adolescent patterns of commuting to school. Prev Med Rep 2023; 36:102404. [PMID: 37810264 PMCID: PMC10558775 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2023.102404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The World Health Organization stipulate children and adolescents should accumulate 60 min of physical activity (PA) daily; globally only 25% achieve this. Active travel to school (ATS) is a method of integrating PA into daily life with a documented health benefit accruing. Understanding factors associated with ATS is essential to inform a systems approach to increase ATS participation. This study described patterns of commuting to school and examined factors associated with ATS. Children's Sport Participation & Physical Activity Study 2018 data was used, an all-Ireland cross-sectional study of 6,650 students. Logistic regression analysis was performed to determine factors independently associated with ATS. Most common commute to school methods were private car for primary (57%) and public transport for secondary (39%) students. The recommended 60 min of daily PA a week prior to the survey was achieved by 19.5% for primary and 12.6% for secondary students. Republic of Ireland (ROI) nationality (OR 1.09 95 %CI 1.02-1.16), meeting PA guidelines (OR 1.26 95 %CI 1.08-1.46), attending a ROI school (OR 2.27 95 %CI 2.02-2.57), attending a non-Delivering Equality of Opportunity in Schools (DEIS) school (OR 2.47 95 %CI 1.87-3.24), attending an urban school (OR 3.96 95 %CI 3.41-4.59) were each independently statistically significantly associated with ATS. Living in a family with a car (OR 0.27 95 %CI 0.19-0.39), attending secondary school (OR 0.69 95 %CI 0.62-0.78), attending a small sized (<33rd percentile) school (OR 0.68 95 %CI 0.60-0.77), living >5 km from school (OR 0.22 95 %CI 0.2-0.24) were each significantly negatively associated with ATS. ATS is a means of increasing youth PA and health. Factors associated with ATS can inform further research and intervention to increase ATS participation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Power
- UCD School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, University College Dublin, Belfield Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Patricia Fitzpatrick
- UCD School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, University College Dublin, Belfield Dublin 4, Ireland
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Kaiser M, Bauer JM, Otterbach S, Reisch LA, Sousa-Poza A. The association between commuting and cardiovascular disease: A biomarker-based analysis of cross-sectional cohort data from the UK Biobank. Prev Med 2023; 172:107521. [PMID: 37120093 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2023.107521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
This study used cross-sectional UK Biobank data to estimate the influence of active and passive commuting modes and commuting distance on cardiovascular disease (CVD) -related biomarkers as measures of health outcomes. The analysis applied logistic regression to assess the risk of exhibiting individual biomarker values outside a predefined reference interval and standard linear regression to estimate the relation between commuting practices and a composite CVD index. The study sample comprised 208,893 UK Biobank baseline survey participants aged 40 to 69 who use various modes of transport to commute to work at least once a week. Participants were recruited and interviewed between 2006 and 2010 at 22 centers geographically dispersed across England, Scotland, and Wales. The data set included these participants' sociodemographic and health-related information, including lifestyle indicators and biological measures. The primary outcome was a shift from low to high-risk blood serum levels in eight cardiovascular biomarkers: total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein, high density lipoprotein, triglycerides, apolipoprotein A and B, C-reactive protein, and lipoprotein (a). Our results indicated a small negative association between the composite risk index for CVD biomarkers and weekly commuting distance. Although estimates for active commuting modes (cycling, walking) may admittedly be sensitive to different covariate adjustments, our specifications show them to be positively associated with select CVD biomarkers. Commuting long distances by car is negatively associated with CVD-related biomarkers, while cycling and walking might be positively associated. This biomarker-based evidence, although limited, is less susceptible to residual confounding than that from distant outcomes like CVD mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Micha Kaiser
- Cambridge Judge Business School, Trumpington Street, Cambridge CB2 1AG, United Kingdom.
| | - Jan M Bauer
- Copenhagen Business School, Dalgas Have 15, Frederiksberg 2000, Denmark.
| | - Steffen Otterbach
- University of Hohenheim, Fruwirthstrasse 48, Stuttgart 70599, Germany.
| | - Lucia A Reisch
- University of Cambridge, Cambridge Judge Business School, Trumpington Street, Cambridge CB2 1AG, United Kingdom.
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Kalliolahti E, Aalto V, Salo P, Lanki T, Ervasti J, Oksanen T. Associations between commute mode use and self-rated health and work ability among Finnish public sector employees. Scand J Public Health 2023:14034948231159212. [PMID: 36942325 DOI: 10.1177/14034948231159212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
AIM To determine the extent to which level of active commute mode use is associated with self-rated health and work ability. METHODS The data were sourced from the Finnish Public Sector Study survey in 2020 (n = 38,223). The associations between active commuting - assessed with the frequency of using active commute modes - and self-rated health and work ability were examined with negative binomial regression analyses. Passive commuting and low-to-moderate levels of active commuting were compared with active commuting, and the models were adjusted for sociodemographic factors, working time mode, and lifestyle risk factors. We also assessed separate associations between walking and cycling as a mode of commuting by additionally considering the commuting distance and the outcomes. RESULTS After adjustment, when using active commuters as a reference, passive commuters had a 1.23-fold (95% confidence intervals (CI) 1.19 to 1.29) risk of suboptimal self-rated health and a 1.18-fold (95% CI 1.13 to 1.22) risk of suboptimal work ability. More frequent and/or longer distance by foot and especially by bicycle, was positively associated with health and work ability. Never commuting by bicycle was associated with a 1.65-fold (95% CI 1.55 to 1.74) risk of suboptimal health and a 1.27-fold (95% CI 1.21 to 1.34) risk of suboptimal work ability when using high-dose bicycle commuting as a reference. CONCLUSIONS
Passive commuting was associated with suboptimal self-rated health and suboptimal work ability. Our results suggest that using active commute modes, particularly cycling, may be beneficial for employee health and work ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Essi Kalliolahti
- University of Eastern Finland, Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, Kuopio, Finland
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ville Aalto
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Paula Salo
- University of Turku, Department of Psychology and Speech-Language Pathology, Turku, Finland
| | - Timo Lanki
- University of Eastern Finland, Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, Kuopio, Finland
- Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Environmental Health, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jenni Ervasti
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tuula Oksanen
- University of Eastern Finland, Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, Kuopio, Finland
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Beck F, Marzi I, Renninger D, Demetriou Y, Engels ES, Niermann C, Reimers AK. Associations of parents' and adolescents' active travel behavior across various destinations - a sex/gender analysis. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:522. [PMID: 36934259 PMCID: PMC10024016 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-15428-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Active travel behavior such as walking and cycling is associated with several health benefits. Especially the family environment seems to be important for active travel in children and adolescents. Currently, little is known regarding travel behavior in leisure time and associations of travel behavior within parent-adolescent dyads. METHODS The present analysis is based on the German ARRIVE study (Active tRavel behavioR in the famIly enVironmEnt), which incorporated a large scale, representative cross-sectional online survey including 517 parent-child dyads consisting of adolescents (N = 517; boys = 263, girls = 254) aged 11-15 years and one of their parents (N = 517; fathers = 259, mothers = 258). Based on that survey which took place in June 2021 (during the COVID-19 pandemic), we calculated the prevalence of active travel to four commonly visited destinations (school/work, friends/relatives, shopping stores and recreational activities) using an adapted version of the travel to school questionnaire by Segura-Diaz JM, Rojas-Jimenez A, Barranco-Ruiz Y, Murillo-Pardo B, Saucedo-Araujo RG, Aranda-Balboa MJ, et al. (Int J Environ Res Public Health 17(14), 2020). In addition, we investigated the associations between parents' and adolescents' travel behavior using scores for school/work, leisure time (friends/relatives, shopping stores and recreational activities) and overall (school/work and leisure time). RESULTS Across all destinations, prevalence of active travel in adolescents (63.08%) was higher than in parents (29.21%). Active travel to school (47.33%) as well as to work (20.43%) indicated the lowest prevalence. Linear regression models revealed significant associations in overall active travel between mothers and adolescents (girls: β = 0.308, p < 0.001; boys: β = 0.302, p = 0.001) and in leisure time active travel behavior between mothers and daughters (β = 0.316, p < 0.001). Related to school/work active travel there were no associations between parents and adolescents. CONCLUSION The associations between adolescents' and parents' travel behavior differ depending on gender: they are solely seen in mother-adolescents dyads. Furthermore, our findings conclude that travel is a routine and independent of the destination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Beck
- Department of Sport Science and Sport, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Gebbertstraße 123B, 91058, Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Isabel Marzi
- Department of Sport Science and Sport, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Gebbertstraße 123B, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Denise Renninger
- Department of Sport and Health Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Georg-Brauchle-Ring 60/62, 80992, Munich, Germany
| | - Yolanda Demetriou
- Department of Sport and Health Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Georg-Brauchle-Ring 60/62, 80992, Munich, Germany
| | - Eliane Stephanie Engels
- Department of Sport Science and Sport, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Gebbertstraße 123B, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Christina Niermann
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Medical School Hamburg, Am Kaiserkai 1, 20457, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Anne Kerstin Reimers
- Department of Sport Science and Sport, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Gebbertstraße 123B, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
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Lu C, Shen T, Huang G, Corpeleijn E. Environmental correlates of sedentary behaviors and physical activity in Chinese preschool children: A cross-sectional study. J Sport Health Sci 2022; 11:620-629. [PMID: 32360638 PMCID: PMC9532589 DOI: 10.1016/j.jshs.2020.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Revised: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This cross-sectional study examined environmental correlates of sedentary behavior (SB) and physical activity (PA) in preschool children in the urban area of Tianjin, China. METHODS Data were collected from the Physical Activity and Health in Tianjin Chinese Children study, involving healthy children 3-6 years old and their families. In all children (n = 980), leisure-time SB (LTSB) and leisure-time PA (LTPA) were reported in min/day by parents. In a subgroup (n = 134), overall sedentary time, light PA, and moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA) were objectively measured using ActiGraph accelerometry (≥3 days, ≥10 h/day). Environmental correlates were collected using a questionnaire that included home and neighborhood characteristics (e.g., traffic safety, presence of physical activity facilities) and children's behaviors. Potential correlates were identified using linear regression analysis. RESULTS Multiple linear regression analysis showed that "having grandparents as primary caregivers" (βs and 95% confidence intervals (95%CIs) for overall sedentary time: 29.7 (2.1-57.2); LTSB (ln): 0.19 (0.11-0.28)) and "having a television (for LTSB (ln): 0.13 (0.00-0.25)) or computer (for LTSB (ln): 0.13 (0.03-0.23)) in the child's bedroom" were both associated with higher SB. Furthermore, "having grandparents as primary caregivers" was associated with less MVPA (β (95%CI): -7.6 (-14.1 to -1.2)), and "active commuting to school by walking" correlated with more MVPA (β (95%CI): 9.8 (2.2-17.4)). The path model showed that "more neighborhood PA facilities close to home" was indirectly related to higher LTPA (ln), which was partly mediated by "outdoor play" (path coefficients (95%CI): 0.005 (0.002-0.008)) and "going to these facilities more often" (path coefficients (95%CI): 0.013 (0.008-0.018)). Traffic safety was not a correlate. CONCLUSION Family structure and media exposure in the home maybe important factors in shaping preschoolers' PA patterns. Built environmental correlates could indirectly influence preschoolers' LTPA through parental help with engaging in active behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Congchao Lu
- School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China; Department of Epidemiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, 9700 RB, the Netherlands; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Center for International Collaborative Research on Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin 300070, China.
| | - Tong Shen
- Tianjin University Kindergarten, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Guowei Huang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Center for International Collaborative Research on Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin 300070, China; Department of Nutrition and Food Science, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Eva Corpeleijn
- Department of Epidemiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, 9700 RB, the Netherlands
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Lin Y, Yang X, Liang F, Huang K, Liu F, Li J, Xiao Q, Chen J, Liu X, Cao J, Chen S, Shen C, Yu L, Lu F, Wu X, Zhao L, Wu X, Li Y, Hu D, Huang J, Lu X, Liu Y, Gu D. Benefits of active commuting on cardiovascular health modified by ambient fine particulate matter in China: A prospective cohort study. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2021; 224:112641. [PMID: 34461320 PMCID: PMC9188394 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Active commuting as a contributor to daily physical activity is beneficial for cardiovascular health, but leads to more chances of exposure to ambient air pollution. This study aimed to investigate associations between active commuting to work with cardiovascular disease (CVD), mortality and life expectancy among general Chinese adults, and to further evaluate the modification effect of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) exposure on these associations. METHODS We included 76,176 Chinese adults without CVD from three large cohorts of the Prediction for Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease Risk in China project. Information about commuting mode and physical activity were collected by unified questionnaire. Satellite-based PM2.5 concentrations at 1-km spatial resolution was used for estimating PM2.5 exposure of participants. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for CVD incidence, mortality and all-cause mortality were estimated using Cox proportional hazards regression models. Multiplicative interaction term of commuting mode and PM2.5 level was tested to investigate potential effect modification. RESULTS During 448,499 person-years of follow-up, 2230 CVD events and 2777 all-cause deaths were recorded. Compared with the non-active commuters, the multivariable-adjusted HRs (95% CIs) of CVD incidence and all-cause mortality were 0.95(0.85-1.05) and 0.79(0.72-0.87) for walking commuters, respectively. Corresponding HRs (95% CIs) for cycling commuters were 0.71(0.62-0.82) and 0.67(0.59-0.76). Active commuters over 45 years old were estimated to have more CVD-free years and life expectancy than non-active commuters under lower PM2.5 concentration. However, these beneficial effects of active commuting were alleviated or counteracted by long-term exposure to high PM2.5 concentration. Significant multiplicative interaction of commuting mode and PM2.5 level was showed in all-cause mortality, with the lowest risk observed in cycling participants exposed to lower level of PM2.5. CONCLUSIONS Active commuting was associated with lower risk of CVD, all-cause mortality, and longer life expectancy among Chinese adults under ambient settings with lower PM2.5 level. It will be valuable to encourage active commuting among adults and develop stringent strategies on ambient PM2.5 pollution control for prevention of CVD and prolongation of life expectancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Lin
- Department of Epidemiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China; Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Xueli Yang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Fengchao Liang
- School of Public Health and Emergency Management, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Keyong Huang
- Department of Epidemiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Fangchao Liu
- Department of Epidemiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Jianxin Li
- Department of Epidemiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Qingyang Xiao
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jichun Chen
- Department of Epidemiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Xiaoqing Liu
- Division of Epidemiology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital and Cardiovascular Institute, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Jie Cao
- Department of Epidemiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Shufeng Chen
- Department of Epidemiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Chong Shen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Ling Yu
- Department of Cardiology, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou 350014, China
| | - Fanghong Lu
- Cardio-Cerebrovascular Control and Research Center, Institute of Basic Medicine, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan 250062, China
| | - Xianping Wu
- Center for Chronic and Noncommunicable Disease Control and Prevention, Sichuan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Liancheng Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Xigui Wu
- Department of Epidemiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Ying Li
- Department of Epidemiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Dongsheng Hu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen 518071, China
| | - Jianfeng Huang
- Department of Epidemiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Xiangfeng Lu
- Department of Epidemiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Dongfeng Gu
- Department of Epidemiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China; Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100037, China; School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China.
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Ferrari G, Guzmán-Habinger J, Chávez JL, Werneck AO, Silva DR, Kovalskys I, Gómez G, Rigotti A, Cortés LY, Yépez García MC, Pareja RG, Herrera-Cuenca M, Drenowatz C, Cristi-Montero C, Marques A, Peralta M, Leme ACB, Fisberg M. Sociodemographic inequities and active transportation in adults from Latin America: an eight-country observational study. Int J Equity Health 2021; 20:190. [PMID: 34446008 PMCID: PMC8390191 DOI: 10.1186/s12939-021-01524-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Active transportation is a crucial sort of physical activity for developing sustainable environments and provides essential health benefits. This is particularly important in Latin American countries because they present the highest burden of non-communicable diseases relative to other worldwide regions. This study aimed to examine the patterns of active transportation and its association with sociodemographic inequities in Latin American countries. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted in eight countries. Participants (n = 8547, 18–65 years) self-reported their active transportation (walking, cycling, and total) using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire. Sex, age, ethnicity, socioeconomic level, education level, public and private transport use, and transport mode were used as sociodemographic inequities. Results Participants spent a total of 19.9, 3.1, and 23.3 min/day with walking, cycling, and total active transportation, respectively. Mixed and other ethnicity (Asian, Indigenous, Gypsy, and other), high socioeconomic level as well as middle and high education level presented higher walking than Caucasian, low socioeconomic and education level. Private transport mode and use of ≥ 6 days/week of private transport showed lower walking than public transport mode and ≤ 2 days/week of private transport. Use of ≥ 3 days/week of public transport use presented higher walking than ≤ 2 days/week of public transport. Men had higher cycling for active transportation than women. Use of ≥ 3 days/week of public transport use presented higher cycling than ≤ 2 days/week of public transport. ≥6 days/week showed lower cycling than ≤ 2 days/week of private transport use. Men (b: 5.57: 95 %CI: 3.89;7.26), black (3.77: 0.23;7.31), mixed (3.20: 1.39;5.00) and other ethnicity (7.30: 2.55;12.04), had higher total active transportation than women and Caucasian. Private transport mode (-7.03: -11.65;-2.41) and ≥ 6 days/week of private transport use (-4.80: -6.91;-0.31) showed lower total active transportation than public transport mode and ≤ 2 days/week of private transport use. Use of 3–5 (5.10: 1.35;8.85) and ≥ 6 days/week (8.90: 3.07;14.73) of public transport use presented higher total active transportation than ≤ 2 days/week of public transport use. Differences among countries were observed. Conclusions Sociodemographic inequities are associated differently with active transportation across Latin American countries. Interventions and policies that target the promotion of active policies transportation essential to consider sociodemographic inequities. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.Gov NCT02226627. Retrospectively registered on August 27, 2014. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12939-021-01524-0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerson Ferrari
- Escuela de Ciencias de la Actividad Física, el Deporte y la Salud, Universidad de Santiago de Chile (USACH), Las Sophoras 175, Estación Central, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Juan Guzmán-Habinger
- Especialidad medicina del deporte y la actividad física, Facultad de ciencias, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - André O Werneck
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Danilo R Silva
- Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Sergipe - UFS, São Cristóvão, Brazil
| | - Irina Kovalskys
- Carrera de Nutrición, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Georgina Gómez
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Escuela de Medicina, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
| | - Attilio Rigotti
- Centro de Nutrición Molecular y Enfermedades Crónicas, Departamento de Nutrición, Diabetes y Metabolismo, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica, Santiago, Chile
| | - Lilia Yadira Cortés
- Departamento de Nutrición y Bioquímica, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
| | | | | | - Marianella Herrera-Cuenca
- Centro de Estudios del Desarrollo, Universidad Central de Venezuela (CENDES-UCV)/Fundación Bengoa, Caracas, Venezuela
| | - Clemens Drenowatz
- Division of Sport, Physical Activity and Health, University of Education Upper Austria, 4020, Linz, Austria
| | - Carlos Cristi-Montero
- Physical Education School, IRyS Group, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Valparaiso, Valparaiso, Chile
| | - Adilson Marques
- Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, CIPER, Universidade de Lisboa, 1499-002, Lisbon, Portugal.,Faculdade de Medicina, ISAMB, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Miguel Peralta
- Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, CIPER, Universidade de Lisboa, 1499-002, Lisbon, Portugal.,Faculdade de Medicina, ISAMB, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Ana Carolina B Leme
- Centro de Excelencia em Nutrição e Dificuldades Alimentaes (CENDA) Instituto Pensi, Hospital Infantil Sabará, Fundação José Luiz Egydio Setubal, São Paulo, Brazil.,Family Relations and Applied Nutrition, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Mauro Fisberg
- Centro de Excelencia em Nutrição e Dificuldades Alimentaes (CENDA) Instituto Pensi, Hospital Infantil Sabará, Fundação José Luiz Egydio Setubal, São Paulo, Brazil.,Departamento de Pediatria da Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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10
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Cottagiri SA, De Groh M, Srugo SA, Jiang Y, Hamilton HA, Ross NA, Villeneuve PJ. Are school-based measures of walkability and greenness associated with modes of commuting to school? Findings from a student survey in Ontario, Canada. Can J Public Health 2021; 112:331-341. [PMID: 33502744 DOI: 10.17269/s41997-020-00440-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES In Canada, students are increasingly reliant on motorized vehicles to commute to school, and few meet the recommended overall physical activity guidelines. Infrastructure and built environments around schools may promote active commuting to and from school, thereby increasing physical activity. To date, few Canadian studies have examined this research question. METHODS This study is a cross-sectional analysis of 11,006 students, aged 11-20, who participated in the 2016/2017 Ontario Student Drug Use and Health Survey. The remote sensing-derived Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), at a buffer of 500 m from the schools' locations, was used to characterize greenness, while the 2016 Canadian Active Living Environments (Can-ALE) measure was used for walkability. Students were asked about their mode of regular commuting to school, and to provide information on several socio-demographic variables. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to quantify associations between active commuting and greenness and the Can-ALE. The resulting odds ratios, and their 95% confidence intervals, were adjusted for a series of risk factors that were collected from the survey. RESULTS Overall, 21% of students reported active commuting (biking or walking) to school, and this prevalence decreased with increasing age. Students whose schools had higher Can-ALE scores were more likely to be active commuters. Specifically, the adjusted odds ratio (OR) of being an active commuter for schools in the highest quartile of the Can-ALE was 2.11 (95% CI = 1.64, 2.72) when compared with those in the lowest. For children, aged 11-14 years, who attended schools in high dwelling density areas, a higher odds of active commuting was observed among those in the upper quartile of greenness relative to the lowest (OR = 1.41; 95% CI = 0.92, 2.15). In contrast, for lower dwelling density areas, greenness was inversely associated with active commuting across all ages. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that students attending schools with higher Can-ALE scores are more likely to actively commute to school, and that positive impacts of greenness on active commuting are evident only in younger children in more densely populated areas. Future studies should collect more detailed data on residential measures of the built environment, safety, distance between home and school, and mixed modes of commuting behaviours.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Margaret De Groh
- Centre for Surveillance and Applied Research, Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, ON, K1S 5H4, Canada
| | - Sebastian A Srugo
- Centre for Surveillance and Applied Research, Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, ON, K1S 5H4, Canada
| | - Ying Jiang
- Centre for Surveillance and Applied Research, Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, ON, K1S 5H4, Canada
| | - Hayley A Hamilton
- Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, M5S 2S1, Canada.,Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5T 3M7, Canada
| | - Nancy A Ross
- Department of Geography, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, H3A 0B9, Canada
| | - Paul J Villeneuve
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, K1S 5B6, Canada.,Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, H3A 1A2, Canada
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11
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Patterson R, Ogilvie D, Panter J. The social and physical workplace environment and commute mode: A natural experimental study. Prev Med Rep 2020; 20:101260. [PMID: 33318886 PMCID: PMC7723790 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2020.101260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite strong evidence for health benefits from active travel, levels remain low in many countries. Changes to the physical and social workplace environment might encourage active travel but evaluation has been limited. We explored associations between changes in the physical and social workplace environment and changes in commute mode over one year among 419 participants in the Commuting and Health in Cambridge study. In adjusted analyses, an increase in the presence of one physical characteristic (e.g. bicycle parking or shower facilities) was associated with a 3.3% (95% confidence interval 1.0-5.6) reduction in the proportion of commutes by private motor vehicle and a 4.4% (95% CI 1.2-7.7) increase in the proportion of trips including active modes among men. These associations were not seen in women. A change to a more favourable social environment for walking or cycling among workplace management was associated with an increased proportion of commutes including active modes in women (4.5%, 95% CI 1.4-7.5) but not men. However, in both genders a change to more a favourable social environment for cycling among colleagues was associated with a reduced proportion of commutes by exclusively active modes (-2.8%, 95% CI -5.0 to -0.6). This study provides longitudinal evidence for gender differences in the associations between workplace environment and commute mode. A more supportive physical environment was associated with more active commuting in men, while the social environment appeared to have more complex associations that were stronger among women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Patterson
- MRC Epidemiology Unit and Centre for Diet and Activity Research (CEDAR), University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - David Ogilvie
- MRC Epidemiology Unit and Centre for Diet and Activity Research (CEDAR), University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Jenna Panter
- MRC Epidemiology Unit and Centre for Diet and Activity Research (CEDAR), University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
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12
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Tcymbal A, Demetriou Y, Kelso A, Wolbring L, Wunsch K, Wäsche H, Woll A, Reimers AK. Effects of the built environment on physical activity: a systematic review of longitudinal studies taking sex/gender into account. Environ Health Prev Med 2020; 25:75. [PMID: 33246405 PMCID: PMC7697377 DOI: 10.1186/s12199-020-00915-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Individual health behavior is related to environmental and social structures. To promote physical activity (PA) effectively, it is necessary to consider structural influences. Previous research has shown the relevance of the built environment. However, sex/gender differences have yet not been considered. The aim of this systematic review was to identify built environmental determinants of PA by taking sex/gender into account. Methods A systematic literature search was carried out using six electronic databases (PubMed, CINAHL, SportDiscus, PsycInfo, Scopus, Web of Knowledge) to identify studies analyzing the effect of changes in the built environment on PA, taking sex/gender into account. To be included, studies had to be based on quantitative data and a longitudinal study design. Changes in the built environment had to be objectively assessed. The methodological quality of the studies was examined using the QualSyst tool for examining risk of bias. Results In total, 36 studies published since 2000 were included in this review. The data synthesis revealed that the majority of reviewed studies found the built environment to be a determinant of PA behavior for both, males and females, in a similar way. Creating a new infrastructure for walking, cycling, and public transportation showed a positive effect on PA behavior. Findings were most consistent for the availability of public transport, which was positively associated with overall PA and walking. The improvement of walking and cycling infrastructure had no effect on the overall level of PA, but it attracted more users and had a positive effect on active transportation. In women, the availability of public transport, safe cycling lanes, housing density, and the distance to daily destinations proved to be more relevant with regard to their PA behavior. In men, street network characteristics and road environment, such as intersection connectivity, local road density, and the presence of dead-end roads, were more important determinants of PA. Conclusion This review sheds light on the relevance of the built environment on PA. By focusing on sex/gender differences, a new aspect was addressed that should be further analyzed in future research and considered by urban planners and other practitioners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonina Tcymbal
- Department of Sport Science and Sport, Friedrich-Alexander-University University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Gebbertstraße 123b, 91058, Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Yolanda Demetriou
- Department of Sport and Health Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Anne Kelso
- Department of Sport and Health Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Laura Wolbring
- Institute of Sports and Sports Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Kathrin Wunsch
- Institute of Sports and Sports Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Hagen Wäsche
- Institute of Sports and Sports Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Alexander Woll
- Institute of Sports and Sports Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Anne K Reimers
- Department of Sport Science and Sport, Friedrich-Alexander-University University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Gebbertstraße 123b, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
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13
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Alfonso-Rosa RM, García-Hermoso A, Sanders T, Parker P, Oriol-Granado X, Arnott H, Del Pozo Cruz B. Lifestyle behaviors predict adolescents bullying victimization in low and middle-income countries. J Affect Disord 2020; 273:364-374. [PMID: 32560930 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2020.04.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In this study we aimed to provide a global perspective of the association between different lifestyle behaviors and bullying in school adolescents and to ascertain whether or not the Human Development Index moderated those associations. METHODS Data from the Global school-based Student Health Survey were analyzed in 273 121 from 82 countries. Logistic regression was applied to determine country-specific bullying victimization probability from meeting the recommended guidelines for physical activity, excessive sitting time, physical education attendance and active transport. Meta-analysis was then undertaken to ascertain pooled global effect estimates of the relationship between these behaviors and bullying victimization. Linear regression was used to study the relationship between odds of bullying from meeting the lifestyle guidelines and the Human Development Index. RESULTS Our estimates indicate that excessive sitting time [1.38 (1.34,1.41)], attendance to physical education [0.87 (0.85,0.89)], and active transport [0.94 (0.91,0.97)] but not overall physical activity [1.01 (0.99,1.04)] were associated with bullying in the study sample. LIMITATIONS The present study is limited by its cross-sectional nature. Also, only two countries were surveyed from the European region CONCLUSIONS: Active commuting and attendance to physical education play a protective role for bullying, while physical activity does not.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa M Alfonso-Rosa
- Departamento de Motricidad Humana y Rendimiento Deportivo, Facultad de Ciencias de la Educación, Universidad de Sevilla (Sevilla, España).
| | - Antonio García-Hermoso
- Navarrabiomed, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra (CHN), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), IdiSNA, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain; Laboratorio de Ciencias de la Actividd Física, el Deporte y la Salud, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, USACH, Santiago, Chile
| | - Taren Sanders
- Institute for Positive Psychology and Education, Faculty of Health Sciences, Australian Catholic University, North Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Phil Parker
- Institute for Positive Psychology and Education, Faculty of Health Sciences, Australian Catholic University, North Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Xavier Oriol-Granado
- Faculty of Education and Social Sciences, University of Andres Bello (Santiago, Chile)
| | - Hugh Arnott
- Institute for Positive Psychology and Education, Faculty of Health Sciences, Australian Catholic University, North Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Borja Del Pozo Cruz
- Institute for Positive Psychology and Education, Faculty of Health Sciences, Australian Catholic University, North Sydney, NSW, Australia
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14
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Camiletti-Moirón D, Timperio A, Veitch J, Fernández-Santos JDR, Abbott G, Delgado-Alfonso Á, Cabanas-Sanchez V, Veiga OL, Salmon J, Castro-Piñero J. Changes in and the mediating role of physical activity in relation to active school transport, fitness and adiposity among Spanish youth: the UP&DOWN longitudinal study. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2020; 17:37. [PMID: 32156288 PMCID: PMC7063792 DOI: 10.1186/s12966-020-00940-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Longitudinal changes in child and adolescent active school transport (AST), and the mediating role of different intensities of daily physical activity (PA) levels in relation to AST and physical fitness and adiposity indicators is unclear. This study aimed to: 1) describe longitudinal changes in AST, light PA (LPA), moderate- to vigorous-intensity PA (MVPA), physical fitness and adiposity indicators over three time-points; and 2) investigate the mediating role of LPA and MVPA levels on associations between AST and physical fitness and adiposity indicators over three time-points among children and adolescents. Methods This longitudinal study comprised 1646 Spanish children and adolescents (48.8% girls, mean age 12.5 years ±2.5) at baseline, recruited from schools in Cádiz and Madrid. Mode of commuting to school was self-reported at baseline (T0, 2011–12), 1-year (T1) and 2-year follow-up (T2). PA was assessed using accelerometers. Handgrip strength, standing long jump and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) assessed physical fitness. Height, weight, body mass index, waist circumference, and triceps and subscapular skinfold thickness were measured. Multilevel linear regression analyses assessed changes in AST, PA levels, physical fitness and adiposity indicators over three time-points (T0-T1-T2). Additionally, longitudinal path analysis (n = 453; mean age [years] 12.6 ± 2.4) was used to test the mediating effects of LPA and MVPA levels on the association between AST and physical fitness and adiposity indicators. Results Multilevel analyses observed decreases in LPA between T0-T1 (β = − 11.27; p < 0.001) and T0-T2 (β = − 16.27; p < 0.001) and decreases in MVPA between T0-T2 (β = − 4.51; p = 0.011). Moreover, changes over time showed increases in handgrip between T0-T1 (β = 0.78; p = 0.028) and T0-T2 (β = 0.81; p = 0.046). Path analyses showed that AST was directly positively associated with MVPA at T1 (all, β ≈ 0.33; p < 0.001). MVPA at T1 mediated associations between AST and CRF at T2 (β = 0.20; p = 0.040), but not the other outcomes. LPA did not mediate any associations. Conclusions Results from longitudinal path analysis suggest that participation in more AST may help attenuate declines in MVPA that typically occur with age and improve CRF. Therefore, we encourage health authorities to promote AST, as a way to increase MVPA levels and CRF among youth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Camiletti-Moirón
- Department of Physical Education, GALENO Research Group, School of Education Sciences, University of Cádiz, Avenida República Saharaui s/n, 11519, Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain. .,Biomedical Research and Innovation Institute of Cádiz (INiBICA) Research Unit, Puerta del Mar University Hospital University of Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain.
| | - Anna Timperio
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Jenny Veitch
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Jorge Del Rosario Fernández-Santos
- Department of Physical Education, GALENO Research Group, School of Education Sciences, University of Cádiz, Avenida República Saharaui s/n, 11519, Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain.,Biomedical Research and Innovation Institute of Cádiz (INiBICA) Research Unit, Puerta del Mar University Hospital University of Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Gavin Abbott
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Álvaro Delgado-Alfonso
- Department of Physical Education, GALENO Research Group, School of Education Sciences, University of Cádiz, Avenida República Saharaui s/n, 11519, Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain.,Biomedical Research and Innovation Institute of Cádiz (INiBICA) Research Unit, Puerta del Mar University Hospital University of Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Veronica Cabanas-Sanchez
- Department of Physical Education, Sports, and Human Movement, Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Oscar L Veiga
- Department of Physical Education, Sports, and Human Movement, Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jo Salmon
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - José Castro-Piñero
- Department of Physical Education, GALENO Research Group, School of Education Sciences, University of Cádiz, Avenida República Saharaui s/n, 11519, Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain.,Biomedical Research and Innovation Institute of Cádiz (INiBICA) Research Unit, Puerta del Mar University Hospital University of Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain
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15
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Aranda-Balboa MJ, Huertas-Delgado FJ, Herrador-Colmenero M, Cardon G, Chillón P. Parental barriers to active transport to school: a systematic review. Int J Public Health 2019; 65:87-98. [PMID: 31728600 DOI: 10.1007/s00038-019-01313-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Revised: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We aimed to systematically review parental barriers towards children and adolescents' active transport to school (ATS) in the scientific literature and to provide a categorization of the barriers identified in the studies. METHODS A search was conducted through seven online databases, from the beginning of the database to March 2018. RESULTS A total of 27 of the identified studies met the inclusion criteria. The main parental barriers reported by parents of children (21 studies) were built environment, traffic safety, distance, crime-related safety and social support. The main parental barriers reported by parents of adolescents (6 studies) were built environment (street connectivity), distance, traffic safety and physical and motivation barriers. The parental barriers associated with ATS were mainly related to the built environment and traffic safety. CONCLUSIONS It is crucial to involve parents through interventions to reduce the perception of safety and to increase awareness of the importance of ATS. In addition, these strategies should be complemented by environmental changes performed by local governments.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Aranda-Balboa
- Department of Physical Education and Sport, PROFITH "PROmoting FITness and Health through Physical Activity" Research Group, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.
| | | | - M Herrador-Colmenero
- Department of Physical Education and Sport, PROFITH "PROmoting FITness and Health through Physical Activity" Research Group, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.,Teaching Centre La Inmaculada, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - G Cardon
- Department of Movement and Sports Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - P Chillón
- Department of Physical Education and Sport, PROFITH "PROmoting FITness and Health through Physical Activity" Research Group, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
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16
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Kuwahara K, Noma H, Nakagawa T, Honda T, Yamamoto S, Hayashi T, Mizoue T. Association of changes in commute mode with body mass index and visceral adiposity: a longitudinal study. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2019; 16:101. [PMID: 31694716 PMCID: PMC6836489 DOI: 10.1186/s12966-019-0870-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prospective data are sparse for active commuting to work and body weight in Asia. We assessed the association of 5-year changes in commuting mode with body mass index (BMI) and the indicators of abdominal obesity in Japanese working adults. METHODS In this longitudinal study, we studied 29,758 participants (25,808 men and 3950 women) in Japan aged 30 to 64 years at baseline who underwent further health examination 5 years after the baseline examination. Changes in BMI were calculated from objectively measured body height and weight at baseline and follow-up examination. Visceral and subcutaneous fat areas and waist circumference measured by computed tomography scans were used as indicators for abdominal adiposity. Linear regression was applied to estimate the association of changes in commuting mode with the obesity outcomes. RESULTS Within the 5-year study period, adults who maintained inactive commuting gained weight, and compared with this group, adults who switched to inactive commuting had higher weight gain; conversely, adults who switched to active or public transportation commuting and especially those who maintained active or public transportation commuting experienced less weight gain. Subgroup analysis showed similar tendency across the different transitions of leisure-time exercise or occupational physical activity. For example, among adults who maintained no exercise (n = 16,087), the adjusted mean (95% confidence intervals) of the BMI change over 5 years in kg/m2 were 0.27 (0.24 to 0.30) for maintained inactive commuting group (reference), 0.34 (0.30 to 0.38) for switching to inactive commuting group (P = 0.046), 0.20 (0.18 to 0.22) for switching to active commuting or public transportation group (P = 0.001), and 0.09 (0.06 to 0.13) for maintained active commuting or public transportation group (P < 0.001). Maintained inactive commuting tended to be associated with larger gain in abdominal adiposity indicators. CONCLUSION Switching from inactive commuting mode to more physically active commuting mode and maintaining active commuting can promote body weight control among working adults across different levels of occupational or leisure-time physical activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Kuwahara
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Center for Clinical Sciences, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan. .,Teikyo University Graduate School of Public Health, 2-11-1 Kaga, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-8605, Japan.
| | - Hisashi Noma
- The Institute of Statistical Mathematics, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tohru Nakagawa
- Hitachi Health Care Center, Hitachi, Ltd, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Toru Honda
- Hitachi Health Care Center, Hitachi, Ltd, Ibaraki, Japan
| | | | | | - Tetsuya Mizoue
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Center for Clinical Sciences, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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Rodriguez-Ayllon M, Derks IPM, van den Dries MA, Esteban-Cornejo I, Labrecque JA, Yang-Huang J, Raat H, Vernooij MW, White T, Ortega FB, Tiemeier H, Muetzel RL. Associations of physical activity and screen time with white matter microstructure in children from the general population. Neuroimage 2020; 205:116258. [PMID: 31605827 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2019.116258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Revised: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Physical activity and sedentary behaviors have been linked to a variety of general health benefits and problems. However, few studies have examined how physical activity during childhood is related to brain development, with the majority of work to date focusing on cardio-metabolic health. This study examines the association between physical activity and screen time with white matter microstructure in the general pediatric population. In a sample of 2532 children (10.12 ± 0.58 years; 50.04% boys) from the Generation R Study, a population-based cohort in Rotterdam, the Netherlands, we assessed physical activity and screen time using parent-reported questionnaires. Magnetic resonance imaging of white matter microstructure was conducted using diffusion tensor imaging. Total physical activity was positively associated with global fractional anisotropy (β = 0.057, 95% CI = 0.016, 0.098, p = 0.007) and negatively associated with global mean diffusivity (β = -0.079, 95% CI = -0.120, -0.038, p < 0.001), two commonly derived scalar measures of white matter microstructure. Two components of total physical activity, outdoor play and sport participation, were positively associated with global fractional anisotropy (β = 0.041, 95% CI=(0.000, 0.083), p = 0.047; β = 0.053, 95% CI=(0.010, 0.096), p = 0.015, respectively) and inversely associated with global mean diffusivity (β = -0.074, 95% CI= (-0.114, -0.033), p < 0.001; β = -0.043, 95% CI=(-0.086, 0.000), p = 0.049, respectively). No associations were observed between screen time and white matter microstructure (p > 0.05). This study provides new evidence that physical activity is modestly associated with white matter microstructure in children. In contrast, complementing other recent evidence on cognition, screen time was not associated with white matter microstructure. Causal inferences from these modest associations must be interpreted cautiously in the absence of longitudinal data. However, these data still offer a promising avenue for future work to explore to what extent physical activity may promote healthy white matter development.
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Jahre AB, Bere E, Nordengen S, Solbraa A, Andersen LB, Riiser A, Bjørnarå HB. Public employees in South-Western Norway using an e-bike or a regular bike for commuting - A cross-sectional comparison on sociodemographic factors, commuting frequency and commuting distance. Prev Med Rep 2019; 14:100881. [PMID: 31080708 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2019.100881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2018] [Revised: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Large-scale analyses on the travel behavior of e-bikes are scarce, and current knowledge regarding who the e-bike owners are is inconsistent. Also, commuters represent a relevant user group with an unexploited potential. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to examine (i) associations between type of bike (e-bike vs. regular bike) with place of residence (county), sociodemographic variables (age, sex, educational level, income and ethnicity) and habitual physical activity level, and (ii) if public employees possessing an e-bike cycle more often and longer distances to work. A cross-sectional survey was conducted in 2017 among 1977 (5.2% of eligible subjects) public employees in Southern and Western Norway. Binary and multinomial logistic regression analyses were conducted. Respondents possessing an e-bike were less likely to perform high levels of leisure time physical activity (OR 0.56 (CI 0.39-0.82)), compared to those possessing a regular bike only. For those residing in Agder, the likelihood of possessing an e-bike (vs. regular bike) was almost 4 times higher (OR 3.98 (CI 2.53-6.26)), compared with participants residing in Sogn og Fjordane. Compared with those possessing a regular bike only, e-bike users cycled more frequently to work, both occasionally (OR 3.71 (CI 2.44-5.65)) and most of the time (OR 4.28 (CI 2.79-6.55)), and they had higher odds of cycling medium distances to the workplace (OR 1.74 (CI 1.04-2.90)). In conclusion, e-bike access could result in increased commuter cycling, both in terms of cycling frequency and cycling distance, which in turn could contribute to enhanced physical activity levels.
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Paul DR, Deng Y, Cook PS. Cross-sectional and longitudinal analysis of the active commuting behaviors of U.S. Department of the Interior employees. BMC Public Health 2019; 19:526. [PMID: 31068164 PMCID: PMC6505107 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-019-6746-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Despite evolving evidence of the health and economic benefits of active transportation (AT) to work, few studies have examined the determinants of AT in large organizations with multiple worksites nor how trends in commuting change over time. Methods The data were obtained from the U.S. Department of the Interior Employee Commuting Census of 2010 (n = 23,230), and 2012–2016 (n = 21,725-25,974). The respondents were grouped into four commuting categories: non-active mode, walking, biking, and mixed-mode. Multinomial logistic regression analysis was utilized to examine the correlates of choosing AT to work for the 2010 data. Next, a repeated cross-sectional analysis was completed for all six years of data. Results In 2010, AT modes were only chosen by approximately 10% of respondents. Employees who lived farther from work and did not have a public transit station within 0.5 miles from home were generally less likely to choose AT. Respondents working in non-metro workplaces were less likely to bike or take mixed-modes to work, but more likely to walk. Men were more likely to choose AT modes, particularly biking. Respondents aged ≤30 yrs. were less likely to bike than those 31 to 40 yrs., but more likely than those ≥61 yrs. In 2010, the number of respondents that walked was higher, and biked and took mixed-modes was lower when compared to 2016, while the choice to take mixed-modes was higher in 2012 and 2013 when compared to 2016. Daily commuting distances in 2016 tended to be lower than 2010 and 2012, and higher than 2013. However, overall AT choice and commute distance remained reasonably stable over time. Conclusions Respondents who lived close to their workplace and a public transportation station, worked in a metro location, were male and younger were more likely to choose AT modes to work. The results provide insight for the U.S. Department of the Interior and other large organizations to develop intervention strategies that support AT to work. Further research is warranted to understand the concurrent individual, social, and environmental barriers and facilitators for choosing AT to work.
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Affiliation(s)
- David R Paul
- Department of Movement Sciences, University of Idaho, P.O. Box 442401, Moscow, Idaho, 83844-2401, USA.
| | - Yazhuo Deng
- Department of Movement Sciences, University of Idaho, P.O. Box 442401, Moscow, Idaho, 83844-2401, USA
| | - Philip S Cook
- Policy Analysis Group, University of Idaho, 875 Perimeter Drive MS 1134, Moscow, Idaho, 83844-1134, USA
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Inada H, Tomio J, Ichikawa M, Nakahara S. Regional disparities in road traffic injury rates involving elementary and junior high school children while commuting among Japan's 47 prefectures between 2004 and 2013. Accid Anal Prev 2019; 125:79-84. [PMID: 30731318 DOI: 10.1016/j.aap.2019.01.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the extent and patterns of regional disparities of road traffic injury rates involving elementary and junior high school children while commuting among Japan's 47 prefectures. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional ecological study using the national police data for 2004-2013 on the number of children who were killed or seriously injured (KSI) in traffic collisions stratified by prefecture, grade, mode of transport, and purpose of trip (commuting or non-commuting). We calculated stratified KSI rates by dividing the number of KSI cases by the corresponding number of children and presented these rates for the 47 prefectures. Also, for pedestrian elementary school children and cyclist junior high school children, we regressed the KSI rates while commuting by prefecture on the non-commuting KSI rates and the proportion of people who live in the urban, densely inhabited districts. RESULTS There were 6463 KSI cases while commuting. The ratios of the highest KSI rate to the lowest KSI rate among prefectures were 12, 30, and 58 for pedestrian elementary school children and pedestrian and cyclist junior high school children, respectively. The non-commuting KSI rates and the proportion of those living in densely inhabited districts were positively and inversely associated with the commuting KSI rates, respectively. The analysis of the residuals of the regression models did not identify prefectures with significantly higher or lower KSI rates while commuting than others. CONCLUSIONS There were large inter-prefecture disparities in the KSI rates while commuting, and the disparity was especially large among cyclist junior high school children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haruhiko Inada
- International Injury Research Unit, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 N Wolfe St, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States of America.
| | - Jun Tomio
- Department of Public Health, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Masao Ichikawa
- Department of Global Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.
| | - Shinji Nakahara
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
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Villa-González E, Huertas-Delgado FJ, Chillón P, Ramírez-Vélez R, Barranco-Ruiz Y. Associations between active commuting to school, sleep duration, and breakfast consumption in Ecuadorian young people. BMC Public Health 2019; 19:85. [PMID: 30658708 PMCID: PMC6339393 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-019-6434-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Daily behaviours such as active commuting to school (ACS) could be a source of physical activity, contributing to the improvement of youth cardiovascular health, however, the relationship between ACS and other aspects of a youth's health, such as sleep duration and breakfast consumption, require further clarification. The aims of this study were therefore: 1) to analyse the prevalence of modes of commuting to school, sleep duration, and breakfast consumption by age groups and gender, and 2) to analyse the association between ACS, sleep duration recommendations, and breakfast consumption by age groups and gender. METHOD This cross-sectional study included 732 school-aged students of low-middle socioeconomic status, categorised into children (10-12 yr), young adolescents (13-15 yr), and older adolescents (16-18 yr). Modes of commuting to/from school, sleep duration, and breakfast consumption were self-reported. Logistic regression models were fitted to examine the association between ACS, sleep duration and breakfast consumption, analysed according to age groups and gender. RESULTS The percentage of students meeting sleep duration and daily breakfast recommendations was lowest in older adolescents, and highest in children (6.3% versus 50.8% p < 0.001, and 62.1%, versus 76.8%, p = 0.001, respectively). Young adolescents and girls who met the sleep duration recommendations were more likely to be active commuters than their counterparts (OR = 4.25; 95% CI = 1.81 to 9.92, p = 0.001 and OR = 2.89; 95%CI = 1.01 to 8.27, p = 0.04, respectively). CONCLUSION Young adolescents (13-15 yr) and girls who met the sleep duration recommendations during school days displayed a positive association with ACS. There was no association between ACS and breakfast consumption for any of the age groups or gender. Children (10-12 yr) were those that best meet with the adequate sleep duration and breakfast consumption recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilio Villa-González
- PROFITH Research Group, Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- School of Physical Education, National University of Chimborazo, Riobamba, Ecuador
| | | | - Palma Chillón
- PROFITH Research Group, Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Robinson Ramírez-Vélez
- Center of Studies in Physical Activity Measurements, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Yaira Barranco-Ruiz
- PROFITH Research Group, Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- School of Physical Education, National University of Chimborazo, Riobamba, Ecuador
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Knott CS, Panter J, Foley L, Ogilvie D. Changes in the mode of travel to work and the severity of depressive symptoms: a longitudinal analysis of UK Biobank. Prev Med 2018; 112:61-69. [PMID: 29604327 PMCID: PMC5999356 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2018.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Revised: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 03/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Although commuting provides an opportunity for incorporating physical activity into daily routines, little is known about the effect of active commuting upon depressive symptoms. This study aimed to determine whether changes in commute mode are associated with differences in the severity of depressive symptoms in working adults. Commuters were selected from the UK Biobank cohort if they completed ≥2 assessment centre visits between 2006 and 2016. Modes of travel to work were self-reported at each visit. Participants were categorised as 'inactive' (car only) or 'active' commuters (any other mode(s), including walking, cycling and public transport). Transitions between categories were defined between pairs of visits. The severity of depressive symptoms was defined using the two-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-2). Scores were derived between zero and six. Higher values indicate more severe symptoms. Separate analyses were conducted in commuters who were asymptomatic (zero score) and symptomatic (non-zero score) at baseline. The analytical sample comprised 5474 participants aged 40-75 at baseline with a mean follow-up of 4.65 years. Asymptomatic commuters who transitioned from inactive to active commuting reported less severe symptoms at follow-up than those who remained inactive (β -0.10, 95% CI [-0.20, 0.00]; N = 3145). A similar but non-significant relationship is evident among commuters with pre-existing symptoms (β -0.60, 95% CI [-1.27, 0.08]; N = 1078). After adjusting for transition category, longer commutes at baseline were associated with worse depressive symptoms at follow-up among symptomatic participants. Shifting from exclusive car use towards more active commuting may help prevent and attenuate depressive symptoms in working adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig S Knott
- MRC Epidemiology Unit and Centre for Diet and Activity Research (CEDAR), University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom.
| | - Jenna Panter
- MRC Epidemiology Unit and Centre for Diet and Activity Research (CEDAR), University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Louise Foley
- MRC Epidemiology Unit and Centre for Diet and Activity Research (CEDAR), University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom
| | - David Ogilvie
- MRC Epidemiology Unit and Centre for Diet and Activity Research (CEDAR), University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom
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Villa-González E, Barranco-Ruiz Y, Evenson KR, Chillón P. Systematic review of interventions for promoting active school transport. Prev Med 2018; 111:115-134. [PMID: 29496615 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2018.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Revised: 02/03/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Active commuting to school has been recognized as a potential avenue to increase physical activity in children and adolescents. However, active commuting to school has declined over time, and interventions are needed to reverse this trend. The main aim in the current study was to update a previous systematic review on interventions focused on active travel to school, following the same methodology and addressing the quality and effectiveness of new studies detected in the more recent scientific literature. A systematic review was conducted to identify intervention studies of active commuting to school published from February 2010 to December 2016. Five electronic databases and a manual search were conducted. Detailed information was extracted, including a quantitative assessment comparing the effect sizes, with Cohen's d, and a qualitative assessment using the Evaluation of Public Health Practice Projects tool. We identified 23 interventions that focused on active commuting to school. Among the 23 interventions, three were randomized control trials, 22 had a pre/post design, and 12 used control groups. Most interventions reported a small effect size on active commuting to school (14/23) (d: from -1.45 to 2.37). The quality assessment was rated as weak in most studies (21/23). Government funding continues investing in public policies to promote active commuting to school. However, even though seven years have passed since the last systematic review, research with high quality designs with randomization, greater sample size, and the use of valid and reliable instruments are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilio Villa-González
- Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, PROFITH "PROmoting FITness and Health through Physical Activity" Research Group, Ctra. de Alfacar, SN, 18070, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.
| | - Yaira Barranco-Ruiz
- Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, PROFITH "PROmoting FITness and Health through Physical Activity" Research Group, Ctra. de Alfacar, SN, 18070, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.
| | - Kelly R Evenson
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, NC 27599-805, University of North Carolina - Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
| | - Palma Chillón
- Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, PROFITH "PROmoting FITness and Health through Physical Activity" Research Group, Ctra. de Alfacar, SN, 18070, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.
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24
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Canizares M, Badley EM. Generational differences in patterns of physical activities over time in the Canadian population: an age-period-cohort analysis. BMC Public Health 2018; 18:304. [PMID: 29499669 PMCID: PMC5833083 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-018-5189-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Accepted: 02/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Using longitudinal panel data, the aim of this study was to examine the contribution of age, period, and cohort effects on changes in physical activity over time in a population-based sample of Canadians. We focused on three domains of physical activities: leisure time, commuting (i.e. walking and cycling), and daily activities (i.e. sedentary behavior). We also examined whether changes in sedentary behavior related to changes in participation in leisure time and commuting activities. Methods We used data from the Longitudinal National Population Health Survey (1994–2011): 10050 participants born between 1935 and 1984 grouped in five 10-years birth cohorts. We examined three outcomes: moderate-to-vigorous leisure time physical activity, active commuting, and sedentary behavior. We also included education, income, and body mass index as covariates. We used hierarchical age-period-cohort analysis to examine the contribution of age, period, and cohort effects to changes over time for each outcome. Results We found that recent cohorts were more likely to report sedentary behavior and greater participation in leisure time physical activities and active commuting. We also found a significant trend of increasing participation in active leisure time physical activity and active commuting among Canadians from 1994/95 to 2010/11 and, at the same time, an increase in sedentary behavior. The greater participation in leisure time physical activities and active commuting in each succeeding recent cohort was partially related to the secular trend of increasing participation in physical activities over time in the population. Furthermore, those with sedentary behavior were less likely to report participation in physical activities. Overall, obese individuals were less likely to be physically active and more likely to be sedentary, while the effect of socio-economic status varied by outcome. Conclusions The greater participation in physical activities (leisure time and commuting) in recent cohorts is encouraging and was substantially explained by period effects, which reflect broad social and environmental factors affecting the whole population. The large cohort effect of increasing sedentary behavior and the inverse relationship between sedentary behavior and physical activity is concerning, and identifies a target group for future interventions. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12889-018-5189-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayilee Canizares
- The Arthritis Program. Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, 399 Bathurst St, MP10-316, Toronto, ON, M5T 2S8, Canada.
| | - Elizabeth M Badley
- Arthritis Community Research and Evaluation Unit. Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, 399 Bathurst St, MP10-310, Toronto, ON, M5T 2S8, Canada
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25
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Sadarangani KP, Von Oetinger A, Cristi-Montero C, Cortínez-O'Ryan A, Aguilar-Farías N, Martínez-Gómez D. Beneficial association between active travel and metabolic syndrome in Latin-America: A cross-sectional analysis from the Chilean National Health Survey 2009-2010. Prev Med 2018; 107:8-13. [PMID: 29246415 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2017.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Revised: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is limited evidence on potential health benefits of active travel, independently of leisure-time physical activity (PA), with metabolic syndrome (MetS) in Latin-America. OBJECTIVE To investigate the relationship between active travel and metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its components in a national representative sample of Chilean adults. METHODS Cross-sectional study of 2864 randomly selected adults' participants enrolled in the 2009-2010 Chilean National Health Survey (CNHS). Self-reported PA was obtained with the validated Global PA Questionnaire and classifying participants into insufficiently active (<150min/week) or active (≥150min/week). MetS was diagnosed from the modified Adult Treatment Panel (ATP) III criteria with national-specific abdominal obesity cut points. Multilevel logistic regression analysis was applied to estimate associations of travel PA with MetS and its components at a regional level, adjusted for socio-demographic characteristics and other types of PA. RESULTS 46.2% of the sample engaged in 150min/week of active travel and the prevalence of MetS was 33.7%. Mets was significantly lower among active travel participants. Active travel was associated with lower odds of MetS (OR 0.72; 95%CI 0.61-0.86), triglycerides (OR 0.77; 95%CI 0.64-0.92) and abdominal obesity (OR 0.82; 95%CI 0.69-0.97) after controlling for socio-demographics and other types of PA. CONCLUSION Active travel was negatively associated with MetS, triglycerides and abdominal obesity. Efforts to increase regional active travel should be addressed as a measure to prevent and reduce the prevalence of MetS and disease burden in middle income countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kabir P Sadarangani
- School of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad San Sebastián, Lota 2465, Santiago 7510157, Chile; Department of Physical Education, Sport and Human Movement, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Astrid Von Oetinger
- School of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Chile; Escuela de Kinesiología, Facultad de Salud y Odontología, Universidad Diego Portales, Santiago, Chile
| | - Carlos Cristi-Montero
- IRyS Group, School of Physical Education, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Andrea Cortínez-O'Ryan
- Department of Physical Education, Sports, and Recreation, Universidad de La Frontera; UFRO Activate Research Group, Chile
| | - Nicolás Aguilar-Farías
- Department of Physical Education, Sports, and Recreation, Universidad de La Frontera; UFRO Activate Research Group, Chile
| | - David Martínez-Gómez
- Department of Physical Education, Sport and Human Movement, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain; IMDEA Food Institute, CEI UAM+CSIC, Madrid, Spain
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Raza W, Forsberg B, Johansson C, Sommar JN. Air pollution as a risk factor in health impact assessments of a travel mode shift towards cycling. Glob Health Action 2018; 11:1429081. [PMID: 29400262 PMCID: PMC5804679 DOI: 10.1080/16549716.2018.1429081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Promotion of active commuting provides substantial health and environmental benefits by influencing air pollution, physical activity, accidents, and noise. However, studies evaluating intervention and policies on a mode shift from motorized transport to cycling have estimated health impacts with varying validity and precision. OBJECTIVE To review and discuss the estimation of air pollution exposure and its impacts in health impact assessment studies of a shift in transport from cars to bicycles in order to guide future assessments. METHODS A systematic database search of PubMed was done primarily for articles published from January 2000 to May 2016 according to PRISMA guidelines. RESULTS We identified 18 studies of health impact assessment of change in transport mode. Most studies investigated future hypothetical scenarios of increased cycling. The impact on the general population was estimated using a comparative risk assessment approach in the majority of these studies, whereas some used previously published cost estimates. Air pollution exposure during cycling was estimated based on the ventilation rate, the pollutant concentration, and the trip duration. Most studies employed exposure-response functions from studies comparing background levels of fine particles between cities to estimate the health impacts of local traffic emissions. The effect of air pollution associated with increased cycling contributed small health benefits for the general population, and also only slightly increased risks associated with fine particle exposure among those who shifted to cycling. However, studies calculating health impacts based on exposure-response functions for ozone, black carbon or nitrogen oxides found larger effects attributed to changes in air pollution exposure. CONCLUSION A large discrepancy between studies was observed due to different health impact assessment approaches, different assumptions for calculation of inhaled dose and different selection of dose-response functions. This kind of assessments would improve from more holistic approaches using more specific exposure-response functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wasif Raza
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Bertil Forsberg
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Christer Johansson
- Department of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
- Environment and Health Administration, SLB, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Johan Nilsson Sommar
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
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Lee RE, Lorenzo E, Heck K, Kohl HW, Cubbin C. Interrelationships of physical activity in different domains: Evidence from the Geographic Research on Wellbeing (GROW) study. J Transp Health 2017; 6:538-547. [PMID: 38322237 PMCID: PMC10846893 DOI: 10.1016/j.jth.2017.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
Research has rarely distinguished between non-work (NW) and work (W) active transport (AT) or investigated relationships to other domains of physical activity ([PA], like leisure time [LTPA] or work [WPA]). We investigated correlates of AT by employment status, accounting for LTPA and WPA, in a population-based sample of California mothers (N=2906) in the Geographic Research on Wellbeing (GROW) study (2012-2013). AT was measured by the National Household Travel Survey. LTPA was measured using the Stanford Leisure-Time Activity Categorical Item. WPA was measured with the Stanford Brief Activity Survey. Most employed mothers (53%) worked in sedentary jobs, and few (<10%) used NWAT or WAT. Over 20% of unemployed mothers used NWAT, although LTPA levels were similar to employed mothers. Multiple regression models found employed and unemployed with low education and income, and unemployed African American or Latina immigrant mothers had higher odds of using NWAT. Younger employed and unemployed mothers, and unemployed who had ≥4 children or had "light" LTPA had lower odds of using NWAT. Multiple regression models demonstrated that low education or income employed mothers, African American mothers, those who worked part time, and those with relatively low LTPA had higher odds of using WAT, while younger women had lower odds of using WAT, compared with reference groups (ps<0.05). WPA was associated with WAT in unadjusted models, but not in adjusted models. Different AT patterns were seen for employed vs unemployed women, but women who used AT did so for most trips. LTPA was associated with NWAT among unemployed mothers and with WAT among employed mothers. Most women were underactive across all domains, suggesting no compensatory effect of PA done in one domain reducing PA done in another domain, with few meeting minimal guidelines. Policy and practice strategies should support infrastructure to encourage a variety of domains of PA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca E. Lee
- Center for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, College of Nursing and Health Innovation, Arizona State University, 5500 N. 3rd Street, Phoenix, AZ 85004, United States
| | - Elizabeth Lorenzo
- Center for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, College of Nursing and Health Innovation, Arizona State University, 5500 N. 3rd Street, Phoenix, AZ 85004, United States
| | - Katherine Heck
- Center on Social Disparities in Health, University of California, Box 0943, 3333 California Street, San Francisco, CA 94118, United States
| | - Harold W. Kohl
- University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 1616 Guadalupe, Suite 6.300, Austin, TX 78701, United States
- University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, United States
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Perchoux C, Nazare JA, Benmarhnia T, Salze P, Feuillet T, Hercberg S, Hess F, Menai M, Weber C, Charreire H, Enaux C, Oppert JM, Simon C. Neighborhood educational disparities in active commuting among women: the effect of distance between the place of residence and the place of work/study (an ACTI-Cités study). BMC Public Health 2017; 17:569. [PMID: 28606118 PMCID: PMC5469012 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-017-4464-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2016] [Accepted: 05/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Active transportation has been associated with favorable health outcomes. Previous research highlighted the influence of neighborhood educational level on active transportation. However, little is known regarding the effect of commuting distance on social disparities in active commuting. In this regard, women have been poorly studied. The objective of this paper was to evaluate the relationship between neighborhood educational level and active commuting, and to assess whether the commuting distance modifies this relationship in adult women. Methods This cross-sectional study is based on a subsample of women from the Nutrinet-Santé web-cohort (N = 1169). Binomial, log-binomial and negative binomial regressions were used to assess the associations between neighborhood education level and (i) the likelihood of reporting any active commuting time, and (ii) the share of commuting time made by active transportation modes. Potential effect measure modification of distance to work on the previous associations was assessed both on the additive and the multiplicative scales. Results Neighborhood education level was positively associated with the probability of reporting any active commuting time (relative risk = 1.774; p < 0.05) and the share of commuting time spent active (relative risk = 1.423; p < 0.05). The impact of neighborhood education was greater at long distances to work for both outcomes. Conclusions Our results suggest that neighborhood educational disparities in active commuting tend to increase with commuting distance among women. Further research is needed to provide geographically driven guidance for health promotion intervention aiming at reducing disparities in active transportation among socioeconomic groups. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12889-017-4464-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille Perchoux
- CRNH Rhône-Alpes, Pierre Benite, France.,CARMEN INSERM U060/University of Lyon1/INRA U1235, Oullins, France
| | - Julie-Anne Nazare
- CRNH Rhône-Alpes, Pierre Benite, France.,CARMEN INSERM U060/University of Lyon1/INRA U1235, Oullins, France.,CENS, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Pierre Benite, France
| | - Tarik Benmarhnia
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health & Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, 9500 Gilman Drive, San Diego, La Jolla, 92093, CA, USA
| | - Paul Salze
- Paris-Est University, Labex Futurs Urbains, Marne-la-Vallée, France
| | - Thierry Feuillet
- Department of Geography, LADYSS, Paris 8 University, Paris, France.,Université Paris 13, Sorbonne Paris Cité - EREN (Equipe de Recherche en Epidémiologie Nutritionnelle), U1153 Inserm, Inra, Cnam, Centre de Recherche en Epidémiologie et Biostatistiques; CRNH IdF, Bobigny, France
| | - Serge Hercberg
- Université Paris 13, Sorbonne Paris Cité - EREN (Equipe de Recherche en Epidémiologie Nutritionnelle), U1153 Inserm, Inra, Cnam, Centre de Recherche en Epidémiologie et Biostatistiques; CRNH IdF, Bobigny, France
| | - Franck Hess
- Laboratoire Image, Ville et Environnement, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Mehdi Menai
- Université Paris 13, Sorbonne Paris Cité - EREN (Equipe de Recherche en Epidémiologie Nutritionnelle), U1153 Inserm, Inra, Cnam, Centre de Recherche en Epidémiologie et Biostatistiques; CRNH IdF, Bobigny, France
| | - Christiane Weber
- Laboratoire Image, Ville et Environnement, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Hélène Charreire
- Université Paris 13, Sorbonne Paris Cité - EREN (Equipe de Recherche en Epidémiologie Nutritionnelle), U1153 Inserm, Inra, Cnam, Centre de Recherche en Epidémiologie et Biostatistiques; CRNH IdF, Bobigny, France.,Paris-Est University, Department of Geography, Lab-Urba, Créteil, France
| | - Christophe Enaux
- Laboratoire Image, Ville et Environnement, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Jean-Michel Oppert
- Université Paris 13, Sorbonne Paris Cité - EREN (Equipe de Recherche en Epidémiologie Nutritionnelle), U1153 Inserm, Inra, Cnam, Centre de Recherche en Epidémiologie et Biostatistiques; CRNH IdF, Bobigny, France.,Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6, Dept of Nutrition Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital (AP-HP), Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition (ICAN), Paris, France
| | - Chantal Simon
- CRNH Rhône-Alpes, Pierre Benite, France. .,CARMEN INSERM U060/University of Lyon1/INRA U1235, Oullins, France. .,CENS, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Pierre Benite, France. .,Service d'Endocrinologie, Diabète, Nutrition Centre Hospitalier Lyon Sud, 165 Chemin du Grand Revoyet, F69310, Pierre-Bénite, France.
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Te Velde SJ, Haraldsen E, Vik FN, De Bourdeaudhuij I, Jan N, Kovacs E, Moreno LA, Dössegger A, Manios Y, Brug J, Bere E. Associations of commuting to school and work with demographic variables and with weight status in eight European countries: The ENERGY-cross sectional study. Prev Med 2017; 99:305-12. [PMID: 28315759 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2017.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2016] [Revised: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This study aims to assess the prevalence of different modes of commuting to school and work for 10-12year-olds and their parents; to assess the associations with demographic variables (country, sex, parental education and ethnicity) and with weight status in eight European countries. As part of the ENERGY project a cross-sectional survey was conducted in 2010 in which modes of commuting and socio-demographic variables for children (N=7903) and one of their parents (n=6455) were measured by questionnaires. Children's weight and height were objectively measured; parents self-reported their weight and height. Logistic multilevel regression analyses assessed the associations between mode of commuting and overweight. Differences between countries and differences in mode of commuting according to demographic variables were tested using χ2-test and Marascuilo's Post-hoc analysis. There were marked differences between countries, especially regarding cycling to school, which was common in The Netherlands and Norway and rare in Greece and Spain. Demographic variables were associated with mode of commuting in children and parents. Mode of commuting was not associated with being overweight in children, after adjustment for demographic variables. Bicycling to work, but not other modes of commuting, was significantly inversely associated with being overweight among parents (OR=0.74 (95%CI 0.57-0.97)). Interventions targeting active commuting may promote cycling, and should take into account the differences regarding demographic variables.
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Yang L, Griffin S, Khaw KT, Wareham N, Panter J. Longitudinal associations between built environment characteristics and changes in active commuting. BMC Public Health 2017; 17:458. [PMID: 28693547 PMCID: PMC5527401 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-017-4396-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Few studies have assessed the predictors of changes in commuting. This study investigated the associations between physical environmental characteristics and changes in active commuting. Methods Adults from the population-based European Prospective Investigation into Cancer (EPIC)-Norfolk cohort self-reported commuting patterns in 2000 and 2007. Active commuters were defined as those who reported ‘always’ or ‘usually’ walking or cycling to work. Environmental attributes around the home and route were assessed using Geographical Information Systems. Associations between potential environmental predictors and uptake and maintenance of active commuting were modelled using logistic regression, adjusting for age, sex and BMI. Results Of the 2757 participants (62% female, median baseline age: 52, IQR: 50–56 years), most were passive commuters at baseline (76%, n = 2099) and did not change their usual commute mode over 7 years (82%, n = 2277). In multivariable regression models, participants living further from work were less likely to take up active commuting and those living in neighbourhoods with more streetlights were more likely to take up active commuting (both p < 0.05). Findings for maintenance were similar: participants living further from work (over 10 km, OR: 0.06; 95% CI: 0.25 to 0.13) and had a main or secondary road on route were more likely to maintain their active commuting (OR: 0.52; 95% CI: 0.28 to 0.98). Those living in neighbourhoods with greater density of employment locations were less likely to maintain their active commuting. Conclusions Co-locating residential and employment centres as well as redesigning urban areas to improve safety for pedestrians and cyclists may encourage active commuting. Future evaluative studies should seek to assess the effects of redesigning the built environment on active commuting and physical activity. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12889-017-4396-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Yang
- MRC Epidemiology Unit & UKCRC Centre for Diet and Activity Research (CEDAR), University of Cambridge, School of Clinical Medicine, Box 285, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Simon Griffin
- MRC Epidemiology Unit & UKCRC Centre for Diet and Activity Research (CEDAR), University of Cambridge, School of Clinical Medicine, Box 285, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK.,Department of Public Health and Primary Care, School of Clinical Medicine, Box 285, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0SR, UK
| | - Kay-Tee Khaw
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, School of Clinical Medicine, Box 285, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0SR, UK
| | - Nick Wareham
- MRC Epidemiology Unit & UKCRC Centre for Diet and Activity Research (CEDAR), University of Cambridge, School of Clinical Medicine, Box 285, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Jenna Panter
- MRC Epidemiology Unit & UKCRC Centre for Diet and Activity Research (CEDAR), University of Cambridge, School of Clinical Medicine, Box 285, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK.
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Mora‐Gonzalez J, Rodríguez‐López C, Cadenas‐Sanchez C, Herrador‐Colmenero M, Esteban‐Cornejo I, Huertas‐Delgado FJ, Ardoy DN, Ortega FB, Chillón P. Active commuting to school was inversely associated with academic achievement in primary but not secondary school students. Acta Paediatr 2017; 106:334-340. [PMID: 27880022 DOI: 10.1111/apa.13679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2016] [Revised: 10/17/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIM Physical activity has numerous benefits for children when it comes to academic achievements. This study determined whether active commuting - walking or cycling - to school, as a way of increasing total physical activity levels, was associated with academic achievements in students aged seven to 18 years. METHODS A total of 2138 students participated in the study, which took place in the 2012/2013 academic year in three Spanish cities. We used a self-reported questionnaire to assess how the students travelled to and from school and their final school grades. RESULTS We enrolled 489 primary schoolchildren and 1649 secondary schoolchildren, with similar numbers of boys and girls. The primary schoolchildren who travelled to school by motorbike, car or bus had better grades for all the selected school subjects (p ≤ 0.009) than those who walked or cycled. No significant associations were found for secondary schoolchildren, except for mathematics and their grade point averages. All models were adjusted for sex, age and school. CONCLUSION Active commuting to school was inversely associated with academic achievement in primary school students but not those at secondary school. Longitudinal and intervention studies are needed to further understand our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose Mora‐Gonzalez
- PROFITH ‘PROmotingFITness and Health through physical activity’ Research Group Department of Physical Education and Sport Faculty of Sport Sciences University of Granada Granada Spain
| | - Carlos Rodríguez‐López
- PROFITH ‘PROmotingFITness and Health through physical activity’ Research Group Department of Physical Education and Sport Faculty of Sport Sciences University of Granada Granada Spain
| | - Cristina Cadenas‐Sanchez
- PROFITH ‘PROmotingFITness and Health through physical activity’ Research Group Department of Physical Education and Sport Faculty of Sport Sciences University of Granada Granada Spain
| | - Manuel Herrador‐Colmenero
- PROFITH ‘PROmotingFITness and Health through physical activity’ Research Group Department of Physical Education and Sport Faculty of Sport Sciences University of Granada Granada Spain
| | - Irene Esteban‐Cornejo
- PROFITH ‘PROmotingFITness and Health through physical activity’ Research Group Department of Physical Education and Sport Faculty of Sport Sciences University of Granada Granada Spain
- Department of Physical Education, Sports and Human Movement Autonomous University of Madrid Madrid Spain
| | | | - Daniel N. Ardoy
- PROFITH ‘PROmotingFITness and Health through physical activity’ Research Group Department of Physical Education and Sport Faculty of Sport Sciences University of Granada Granada Spain
- Department of Educational Quality, Innovation and Attention to Diversity. Counselling of Education Culture and Universities Region of Murcia Spain
| | - Francisco B. Ortega
- PROFITH ‘PROmotingFITness and Health through physical activity’ Research Group Department of Physical Education and Sport Faculty of Sport Sciences University of Granada Granada Spain
| | - Palma Chillón
- PROFITH ‘PROmotingFITness and Health through physical activity’ Research Group Department of Physical Education and Sport Faculty of Sport Sciences University of Granada Granada Spain
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Ramírez-Vélez R, Beltrán CA, Correa-Bautista JE, Vivas A, Prieto-Benavidez DH, Martínez-Torres J, Triana-Reina HR, Villa-González E, Garcia-Hermoso A. Factors associated with active commuting to school by bicycle from Bogotá, Colombia: The FUPRECOL study. Ital J Pediatr 2016; 42:97. [PMID: 27846912 PMCID: PMC5111261 DOI: 10.1186/s13052-016-0304-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2016] [Accepted: 10/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Active commuting to school (ACS) can contribute to daily physical activity (PA) levels in children and adolescents. The aim of the study was to analyze the characteristics of active commuting to and from school by bicycle and to identify the factors associated with the use of bicycles for active commuting to school based in a sample of schoolchildren in Bogotá, Colombia. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted in 8,057 children and adolescents. A self-reported questionnaire was used to measure frequency and mode of commuting to school and the time it took them to get there. Weight, height, and waist circumference measurements were obtained using standardized methods, and mothers and fathers self-reported their highest level of educational attainment and household level. Multivariate analyses using unordered multinomial logistic regression models were conducted in the main analysis. Results 21.9 % of the sample reported commuting by bicycle and 7.9 % reported commuting for more than 120 min. The multivariate logistic regression showed that boys, aged 9–12 years, and those whose parents had achieved higher levels of education (university/postgraduate) were the factors most strongly associated with a use bicycles as a means of active commuting to and from school. Conclusion The findings of this study suggest that it’s necessary to promote ACS from childhood and to emphasize its use during the transition to adolescence and during adolescence itself in order to increase its continued use by students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robinson Ramírez-Vélez
- Centro de Estudios para la Medición de la Actividad Física (CEMA), Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, D.C, Colombia.
| | - Cesar Augusto Beltrán
- Centro de Estudios para la Medición de la Actividad Física (CEMA), Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, D.C, Colombia
| | - Jorge Enrique Correa-Bautista
- Centro de Estudios para la Medición de la Actividad Física (CEMA), Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, D.C, Colombia
| | - Andres Vivas
- Grupo de Ejercicio Fisico y Deportes, Vicerrectoria de Investigaciones, Universidad Manuela Beltrán, Bogotá, D.C, Colombia
| | - Daniel Humberto Prieto-Benavidez
- Centro de Estudios para la Medición de la Actividad Física (CEMA), Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, D.C, Colombia
| | - Javier Martínez-Torres
- Grupo GICAEDS, Programa de Cultura Física, Deporte y Recreación, Universidad Santo Tomás, Bogotá, D.C, Colombia
| | | | - Emilio Villa-González
- Department of Physical Culture, School of Health Sciences, National University of Chimborazo, Riobamba, Ecuador.,Department of Physical Education and Sport, PROFITH "PROmoting FITness and Health through physical activity" research group, School of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Antonio Garcia-Hermoso
- Laboratorio de Ciencias de la Actividad Física, el Deporte y la Salud, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, USACH, Santiago, Chile.,Facultad de Ciencias de la Actividad Física, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile
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Molina-García J, Queralt A, Estevan I, Álvarez O, Castillo I. [Perceived barriers to active commuting to school: reliability and validity of a scale]. Gac Sanit 2016; 30:426-431. [PMID: 27381427 DOI: 10.1016/j.gaceta.2016.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2016] [Revised: 05/21/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the reliability and validity of a scale to measure perceived barriers to active commuting to school among Spanish young people. METHOD The validity of the scale was assessed in a sample of 465 adolescents (14-18 years) using a confirmatory factor analysis and studying its association with self-reported active commuting to school. The reliability of the instrument was evaluated in a sub-sample that completed the scale twice separated by a one-week interval. RESULTS The results showed that the barriers scale had satisfactory fit indices, and two factors were determined. The first included environment- and safety-related items (α=0.72), while the other concerned planning and psychosocial items (α=0.64). Active commuting to school showed significant correlations with the total score of the barriers scale (rho=-0.27; p <0.001), with the environmental/safety barriers (rho=-0.22; p <0.001), as well as with the planning/psychosocial barriers (rho=-0.29; p <0.001). Test-retest ICCs for the barriers ranged from 0.68 to 0.77. CONCLUSION The developed scale has acceptable validity and good reliability to assess barriers to active commuting to school among Spanish young people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Molina-García
- Departamento de Didáctica de la Expresión Musical, Plástica y Corporal, Universitat de València, Valencia, España; AFIPS (Activitat Física i Promoció de la Salut) Research Group, University of Valencia, Valencia, España.
| | - Ana Queralt
- AFIPS (Activitat Física i Promoció de la Salut) Research Group, University of Valencia, Valencia, España; Departamento de Enfermería, Universitat de València, Valencia, España
| | - Isaac Estevan
- Departamento de Didáctica de la Expresión Musical, Plástica y Corporal, Universitat de València, Valencia, España; AFIPS (Activitat Física i Promoció de la Salut) Research Group, University of Valencia, Valencia, España
| | - Octavio Álvarez
- AFIPS (Activitat Física i Promoció de la Salut) Research Group, University of Valencia, Valencia, España; Departamento de Psicología Social, Universitat de València, Valencia, España
| | - Isabel Castillo
- AFIPS (Activitat Física i Promoció de la Salut) Research Group, University of Valencia, Valencia, España; Departamento de Psicología Social, Universitat de València, Valencia, España
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da Silva JA, da Silva KS, Del Duca GF, Dos Santos PC, Wolker S, de Oliveira ESA, de Barros MVG, Nahas MV. Moderating effect of gross family income on the association between demographic indicators and active commuting to work in Brazilian adults. Prev Med 2016; 87:51-56. [PMID: 26876633 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2016.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2015] [Revised: 01/28/2016] [Accepted: 02/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the moderating effect of gross family income on the association between demographic indicators and active commuting to work in Brazilian adults. METHODS Secondary analysis of the survey "Lifestyle and leisure habits of industry workers" (n=46,981), conducted in 24 Brazilian states (2006-2008). Self-reported information was collected with a previously tested questionnaire. Crude and adjusted logistic regression models were applied to analyze the association between sociodemographic variables (sex, age, marital status, number of children, education, country area and company size) and active commuting to work in different strata of gross family income. To test the moderating effect, an interaction analysis was applied. RESULTS The proportion of active commuters among low-, medium- and high-income workers was 40.7% (95%CI:40.0%;41.5%), 27.0% (95%CI:26.3;27.6%) and 11.1%, (95%CI:10.5%;11.7%), respectively. The moderating effect of gross family income was confirmed. Men were more likely (OR:1.22 95%CI:1.12;1.32) to commute actively than women among low-income individuals. Active commuting was less likely among older workers in low-(OR30-39:0.90 95%CI: 0.83;0.98; OR≥40: 0.76 95%CI: 0.68;0.85) and medium-income strata (OR30-39:0.87 95%CI:0.80;0.95; OR≥40:0.84 95%CI:0.76;0.93) and among married individuals in high-income strata (OR:0.72 95%IC:0.61;0.84). Adults with lower education (ORhigh:10.80 95%CI:8.47;13.77), working in the south (ORhigh:1.93 95%CI:1.53;2.44) and in small companies (ORlow:2.50 95%CI:2.28;2.74) were more likely to commute actively; however, the magnitude of these associations differed at each income strata. CONCLUSION There was an inverse association between gross family income and active commuting. Gross family income acts as a moderator of the association between demographic indicators and active commuting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaqueline Aragoni da Silva
- Federal University of Santa Catarina Sports Center, Research Centre in Physical Activity and Health, Campus Universitário Reitor João David Ferreira Lima, Centro de Desportos, Florianopolis, SC, CEP: 88040-900, Brazil.
| | - Kelly Samara da Silva
- Federal University of Santa Catarina Sports Center, Research Centre in Physical Activity and Health, Campus Universitário Reitor João David Ferreira Lima, Centro de Desportos, Florianopolis, SC, CEP: 88040-900, Brazil.
| | - Giovani Firpo Del Duca
- Federal University of Santa Catarina Sports Center, Research Centre in Physical Activity and Health, Campus Universitário Reitor João David Ferreira Lima, Centro de Desportos, Florianopolis, SC, CEP: 88040-900, Brazil.
| | - Priscila Cristina Dos Santos
- Federal University of Santa Catarina Sports Center, Research Centre in Physical Activity and Health, Campus Universitário Reitor João David Ferreira Lima, Centro de Desportos, Florianopolis, SC, CEP: 88040-900, Brazil.
| | - Sofia Wolker
- Federal University of Santa Catarina Sports Center, Research Centre in Physical Activity and Health, Campus Universitário Reitor João David Ferreira Lima, Centro de Desportos, Florianopolis, SC, CEP: 88040-900, Brazil.
| | - Elusa Santina Antunes de Oliveira
- University of Pernambuco, Research Group in lifestyle and health, Rua Arnóbio Marques, 310, Santo Amaro, Recife, PE, CEP: 50100-130, Brazil.
| | - Mauro Virgílio Gomes de Barros
- University of Pernambuco, Research Group in lifestyle and health, Rua Arnóbio Marques, 310, Santo Amaro, Recife, PE, CEP: 50100-130, Brazil.
| | - Markus Vinicius Nahas
- Federal University of Santa Catarina Sports Center, Research Centre in Physical Activity and Health, Campus Universitário Reitor João David Ferreira Lima, Centro de Desportos, Florianopolis, SC, CEP: 88040-900, Brazil.
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Lerssrimongkol C, Wisetborisut A, Angkurawaranon C, Jiraporncharoen W, Lam KBH. Active commuting and cardiovascular risk among health care workers. Occup Med (Lond) 2016; 66:483-7. [PMID: 27060798 DOI: 10.1093/occmed/kqw029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although the benefit of physical activity on cardiovascular health has been well demonstrated, being physically active can be difficult for health care workers. Active commuting such as walking or cycling may be a good way to promote physical activity. AIMS To investigate the relationship between active commuting and cardiovascular disease risk factors in health care workers. METHODS A cross-sectional study of health care workers conducted in Chiang Mai University Hospital, Thailand. Information on demographics and lifestyle, including active commuting, was obtained from questionnaires. Results were analysed with multiple logistic regression, adjusting for other physical activity and possible confounders. RESULTS Among 3204 participants, fewer than half engaged in active commuting. After adjustment for poss ible confounders, low active commuting was associated with increased risk of hypertension [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 1.3, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.1-1.7]. High active commuting was associated with central obesity (aOR 1.4, 95% CI 1.0-1.8). Compared with non-active commuters, younger active commuters (aged under 40) had reduced prevalence of hypertension (aOR 0.4, 95% CI 0.2-1.0), while older active commuters (aged 40 or over) demonstrated increased hypertension (aOR 1.6, 95% CI 1.1-2.3) and central obesity (aOR 1.5, 95% CI 1.1-2.1). CONCLUSIONS We found conflicting evidence on the relationship between active commuting and cardiovascular risk factors. Reverse causation may explain the association between active commuting and hypertension and central obesity and should be investigated further.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Lerssrimongkol
- Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - A Wisetborisut
- Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand,
| | - C Angkurawaranon
- Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - W Jiraporncharoen
- Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - K B H Lam
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LF, UK
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Costa S, Ogilvie D, Dalton A, Westgate K, Brage S, Panter J. Quantifying the physical activity energy expenditure of commuters using a combination of global positioning system and combined heart rate and movement sensors. Prev Med 2015; 81:339-44. [PMID: 26441297 PMCID: PMC4678256 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2015.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Revised: 09/24/2015] [Accepted: 09/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Active commuting may help to increase adults' physical activity levels. However, estimates of its energy cost are derived from a small number of studies which are laboratory-based or use self-reported measures. METHODS Adults working in Cambridge (UK) recruited through a predominantly workplace-based strategy wore combined heart rate and movement sensors and global positioning system (GPS) devices for one week, and completed synchronous day-by-day travel diaries in 2010 and 2011. Commuting journeys were delineated using GPS data, and metabolic intensity (standard metabolic equivalents; MET) was derived and compared between journey types using mixed-effects linear regression. RESULTS 182 commuting journeys were included in the analysis. Median intensity was 1.28 MET for car journeys; 1.67 MET for bus journeys; 4.61 MET for walking journeys; 6.44 MET for cycling journeys; 1.78 MET for journeys made by car in combination with walking; and 2.21 MET for journeys made by car in combination with cycling. The value for journeys made solely by car was significantly lower than those for all other journey types (p<0.04). On average, 20% of the duration of journeys incorporating any active travel (equating to 8 min) was spent in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA). CONCLUSIONS We have demonstrated how GPS and activity data from a free-living sample can be used simultaneously to provide objective estimates of commuting energy expenditure. On average, incorporating walking or cycling into longer journeys provided over half the weekly recommended activity levels from the commute alone. This may be an efficient way of achieving physical activity guidelines and improving population health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Costa
- MRC Epidemiology Unit and UKCRC Centre for Diet and Activity Research (CEDAR), School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - David Ogilvie
- MRC Epidemiology Unit and UKCRC Centre for Diet and Activity Research (CEDAR), School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Alice Dalton
- Norwich Medical School and UKCRC Centre for Diet and Activity Research (CEDAR), University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - Kate Westgate
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Søren Brage
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jenna Panter
- MRC Epidemiology Unit and UKCRC Centre for Diet and Activity Research (CEDAR), School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
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Yang L, Hipp JA, Adlakha D, Marx CM, Tabak RG, Brownson RC. Choice of commuting mode among employees: Do home neighborhood environment, worksite neighborhood environment, and worksite policy and supports matter? J Transp Health 2015; 2:212-218. [PMID: 26085979 PMCID: PMC4465081 DOI: 10.1016/j.jth.2015.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Promoting the use of public transit and active transport (walking and cycling) instead of car driving is an appealing strategy to increase overall physical activity. PURPOSE To quantify the combined associations between self-reported home and worksite neighborhood environments, worksite support and policies, and employees' commuting modes. METHOD Between 2012 and 2013, participants residing in four Missouri metropolitan areas were interviewed via telephone (n = 1,338) and provided information on socio-demographic characteristics, home and worksite neighborhoods, and worksite support and policies. Commuting mode was self-reported and categorized into car driving, public transit, and active commuting. Commuting distance was calculated using geographic information systems. Commuters providing completed data were included in the analysis. Multivariate logistic regression models were used to examine the correlates of using public transit and active commuting. RESULT The majority of participants reported commuting by driving (88.9%); only 4.9% used public transit and 6.2% used active modes. After multivariate adjustment, having transit stops within 10-15 minutes walking distance from home (p=0.05) and using worksite incentive for public transit (p<0.001) were associated with commuting by public transit. Commuting distance (p<0.001) was negatively associated with active commuting. Having free or low cost recreation facilities around the worksite (p=0.04) and using bike facilities to lock bikes at the worksite (p<0.001) were associated with active commuting. CONCLUSION Both environment features and worksite supports and policies are associated with the choice of commuting mode. Future studies should use longitudinal designs to investigate the potential of promoting alternative commuting modes through worksite efforts that support sustainable commuting behaviors as well as the potential of built environment improvements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Yang
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, USA
| | - J. Aaron Hipp
- Brown School, Washington University in St. Louis, USA
- Prevention Research Center in St. Louis, Washington University in St. Louis, USA
| | | | - Christine M. Marx
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, USA
| | - Rachel G. Tabak
- Brown School, Washington University in St. Louis, USA
- Prevention Research Center in St. Louis, Washington University in St. Louis, USA
| | - Ross C. Brownson
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, USA
- Brown School, Washington University in St. Louis, USA
- Prevention Research Center in St. Louis, Washington University in St. Louis, USA
- Alvin J. Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, USA
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Martin A, Goryakin Y, Suhrcke M. Does active commuting improve psychological wellbeing? Longitudinal evidence from eighteen waves of the British Household Panel Survey. Prev Med 2014; 69:296-303. [PMID: 25152507 PMCID: PMC4262577 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2014.08.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 208] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2014] [Revised: 07/08/2014] [Accepted: 08/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study is to explore the relationship between active travel and psychological wellbeing. METHOD This study used data on 17,985 adult commuters in eighteen waves of the British Household Panel Survey (1991/2-2008/9). Fixed effects regression models were used to investigate how (i.) travel mode choice, (ii.) commuting time, and (iii.) switching to active travel impacted on overall psychological wellbeing and how (iv.) travel mode choice impacted on specific psychological symptoms included in the General Health Questionnaire. RESULTS After accounting for changes in individual-level socioeconomic characteristics and potential confounding variables relating to work, residence and health, significant associations were observed between overall psychological wellbeing (on a 36-point Likert scale) and (i.) active travel (0.185, 95% CI: 0.048 to 0.321) and public transport (0.195, 95% CI: 0.035 to 0.355) when compared to car travel, (ii.) time spent (per 10minute change) walking (0.083, 95% CI: 0.003 to 0.163) and driving (-0.033, 95% CI: -0.064 to -0.001), and (iii.) switching from car travel to active travel (0.479, 95% CI: 0.199 to 0.758). Active travel was also associated with reductions in the odds of experiencing two specific psychological symptoms when compared to car travel. CONCLUSION The positive psychological wellbeing effects identified in this study should be considered in cost-benefit assessments of interventions seeking to promote active travel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Martin
- Health Economics Group, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK; UKCRC Centre for Diet and Activity Research, Institute of Public Health, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Yevgeniy Goryakin
- Health Economics Group, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK; UKCRC Centre for Diet and Activity Research, Institute of Public Health, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Marc Suhrcke
- Health Economics Group, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK; UKCRC Centre for Diet and Activity Research, Institute of Public Health, Cambridge, UK; Centre for Health Economics, University of York, York, UK.
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Fan JX, Wen M, Kowaleski-Jones L. An ecological analysis of environmental correlates of active commuting in urban U.S. Health Place 2014; 30:242-50. [PMID: 25460907 DOI: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2014.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2014] [Revised: 09/13/2014] [Accepted: 09/26/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
We conduct a cross-sectional ecological analysis to examine environmental correlates of active commuting in 39,660 urban tracts using data from the 2010 Census, 2007-2011 American Community Survey, and other sources. The five-year average (2007-2011) prevalence is 3.05% for walking, 0.63% for biking, and 7.28% for public transportation to work, with higher prevalence for all modes in lower-income tracts. Environmental factors account for more variances in public transportation to work but economic and demographic factors account for more variances in walking and biking to work. Population density, median housing age, street connectivity, tree canopy, distance to parks, air quality, and county sprawl index are associated with active commuting, but the association can vary in size and direction for different transportation mode and for higher-income and lower-income tracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessie X Fan
- Department of Family and Consumer Studies, University of Utah, 225 S 1400 E AEB 228, Salt Lake City, UT 84112-0080, United States.
| | - Ming Wen
- Department of Sociology, University of Utah, 380 S 1530 E Rm 301, Salt Lake City, UT 84112-0250, United States.
| | - Lori Kowaleski-Jones
- Department of Family and Consumer Studies, University of Utah, 225 S 1400 E AEB 228, Salt Lake City, UT 84112-0080, United States.
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Coll CDVN, Knuth AG, Bastos JP, Hallal PC, Bertoldi AD. Time trends of physical activity among Brazilian adolescents over a 7-year period. J Adolesc Health 2014; 54:209-13. [PMID: 24161586 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2013.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2013] [Revised: 08/15/2013] [Accepted: 08/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate time trends in physical activity among adolescents aged 10 to 19 years living in southern Brazil over a 7-year period. METHODS Two population-based cross-sectional surveys with similar methodologies were carried out in the city of Pelotas, Brazil, in 2005 and 2012. Leisure-time and transport-related physical activity were measured using a validated questionnaire. A cut-off point of 300 minutes per week was used to classify adolescents as active or not. We also analyzed the two domains of physical activity (leisure time and transportation) separately. RESULTS The prevalence of physical inactivity was 69.6% (95% CI 66.5-73.2) in 2005 and 69.9% (95% CI 66.5-72.7) in 2012. The percentage of active adolescents in leisure time also remained stable in the period (26.3% in 2005 [95% CI 23.3-29.2] vs. 28.1% in 2012 [95% CI 24.9-31.4]). Among boys, we observed an increase in the practice of some leisure-time activities-weight lifting (87%) and running (78%)-and a decline in others-volleyball (61%) and basketball (56%). Among girls, the only significant difference was an increase in the practice of weight lifting (271%). The prevalence of active commuting to and from school declined from 69% (95% CI 65.6-72.4) in 2005 to 56.5% (95% CI 52.5-60.2) in 2012. CONCLUSIONS There was a significant decline in active commuting to school among adolescents. Interventions promoting active commuting modes to school are urgently needed in Brazil.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alan Goularte Knuth
- Physical Education Course, Institute of Education, Federal University of Rio Grande, Rio Grande, Brazil
| | - Juliano Peixoto Bastos
- Institute of Cardiology of Rio Grande do Sul, University Cardiology Foundation, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Pedro Curi Hallal
- Social Medicine Department, Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Andréa Dâmaso Bertoldi
- Social Medicine Department, Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
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Yang X, Telama R, Hirvensalo M, Tammelin T, Viikari JSA, Raitakari OT. Active commuting from youth to adulthood and as a predictor of physical activity in early midlife: the young Finns study. Prev Med 2014; 59:5-11. [PMID: 24201092 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2013.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2013] [Revised: 10/24/2013] [Accepted: 10/27/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aims of the study were to describe the stability of active commuting (AC) behavior (i.e., walking and cycling) over 27years and examine the relationship between AC and physical activity (PA) from youth to early midlife. METHODS The mode and distance of travel were assessed using a self-reported questionnaire at five consecutive measurements between 1980 and 2007, when 2072 individuals were followed up from youth (9-18years) to adulthood (30-45years). PA was also measured using a questionnaire. RESULTS The prevalence of AC declined sharply with age, particularly after 12years, while AC distances to work or place of study increased substantially. AC was concurrently and prospectively associated with PA in both men and women. Maintained AC, whether walking or cycling and short or long distances, positively predicted adult PA over time. Compared with persistently passive commuters, persistently active commuters had higher adult PA after adjustment for potential covariates. Increasing AC was independently associated with high adult PA, particularly in young adulthood. CONCLUSIONS Walking and cycling to school/work should be encouraged, as regular AC is associated with higher levels of PA over 27years of follow-up, and thus, may contribute to a healthy and active lifestyle through the various stages of life-course.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolin Yang
- LIKES - Research Center for Sport and Health Sciences, Jyväskylä, Finland.
| | - Risto Telama
- LIKES - Research Center for Sport and Health Sciences, Jyväskylä, Finland; Department of Sport Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Finland
| | | | - Tuija Tammelin
- LIKES - Research Center for Sport and Health Sciences, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Jorma S A Viikari
- Department of Medicine, University of Turku, Turku University Hospital, Finland
| | - Olli T Raitakari
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Turku University Hospital, Finland; Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Finland
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine whether a relationship exists between active commuting and physical and mental wellbeing. METHOD In 2009, cross-sectional postal questionnaire data were collected from a sample of working adults (aged 16 and over) in the Commuting and Health in Cambridge study. Travel behaviour and physical activity were ascertained using the Recent Physical Activity Questionnaire (RPAQ) and a seven-day travel-to-work recall instrument from which weekly time spent in active commuting (walking and cycling) was derived. Physical and mental wellbeing were assessed using the Medical Outcomes Study Short Form survey (SF-8). Associations were tested using multivariable linear regression. RESULTS An association was observed between physical wellbeing (PCS-8) score and time spent in active commuting after adjustment for other physical activity (adjusted regression coefficients 0.48, 0.79 and 1.21 for 30-149 min/week, 150-224 min/week and ≥ 225 min/week respectively versus < 30 min/week, p=0.01 for trend; n=989). No such relationship was found for mental wellbeing (MCS-8) (p=0.52). CONCLUSION Greater time spent actively commuting is associated with higher levels of physical wellbeing. Longitudinal studies should examine the contribution of changing levels of active commuting and other forms of physical activity to overall health and wellbeing.
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Affiliation(s)
- David K Humphreys
- UKCRC Centre for Diet and Activity Research (CEDAR), Institute of Public Health, University of Cambridge, UK.
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