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Tanwar N, Mahto BK, Rookes JE, Cahill DM, Bansal KC, Lenka SK. Chloroplast transformation in new cultivars of tomato through particle bombardment. 3 Biotech 2024; 14:120. [PMID: 38545123 PMCID: PMC10963679 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-024-03954-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
A protocol has been established for genetic transformation of the chloroplasts in two new cultivars of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) grown in India and Australia: Pusa Ruby and Yellow Currant. Tomato cv. Green Pineapple was also used as a control that has previously been used for establishing chloroplast transformation by other researchers. Selected tomato cultivars were finalized from ten other tested cultivars (Green Pineapple excluded) due to their high regeneration potential and better response to chloroplast transformation. This protocol was set up using a chloroplast transformation vector (pRB94) for tomatoes that is made up of a synthetic gene operon. The vector has a chimeric aadA selectable marker gene that is controlled by the rRNA operon promoter (Prrn). This makes the plant or chloroplasts resistant to spectinomycin and streptomycin. After plasmid-coated particle bombardment, leaf explants were cultured in 50 mg/L selection media. Positive explant selection from among all the dead-appearing (yellow to brown) explants was found to be the major hurdle in the study. Even though this study was able to find plastid transformants in heteroplasmic conditions, it also found important parameters and changes that could speed up the process of chloroplast transformation in tomatoes, resulting in homoplasmic plastid-transformed plants. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-024-03954-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Tanwar
- TERI-Deakin Nano-Biotechnology Centre, The Energy Resources Institute (TERI), New Delhi, 110003 India
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds Campus, Geelong, VIC 3216 Australia
| | - Binod K. Mahto
- TERI-Deakin Nano-Biotechnology Centre, The Energy Resources Institute (TERI), New Delhi, 110003 India
- University Department of Botany, Ranchi University, Ranchi, Jharkhand 834008 India
| | - James E. Rookes
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds Campus, Geelong, VIC 3216 Australia
| | - David M. Cahill
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds Campus, Geelong, VIC 3216 Australia
| | - Kailash C. Bansal
- TERI-Deakin Nano-Biotechnology Centre, The Energy Resources Institute (TERI), New Delhi, 110003 India
- National Academy of Agricultural Sciences, New Delhi, 110012 India
| | - Sangram K. Lenka
- TERI-Deakin Nano-Biotechnology Centre, The Energy Resources Institute (TERI), New Delhi, 110003 India
- Present Address: Department of Plant Biotechnology, Gujarat Biotechnology University, Gujarat International Finance Tec (GIFT)-City, North Gate, Gandhinagar, 382355 Gujarat India
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Gionfriddo M, Rhodes T, Whitney SM. Perspectives on improving crop Rubisco by directed evolution. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2024; 155:37-47. [PMID: 37085353 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2023.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/23/2023]
Abstract
Rubisco catalyses the entry of almost all CO2 into the biosphere and is often the rate-limiting step in plant photosynthesis and growth. Its notoriety as the most abundant protein on Earth stems from the slow and error-prone catalytic properties that require plants, cyanobacteria, algae and photosynthetic bacteria to produce it in high amounts. Efforts to improve the CO2-fixing properties of plant Rubisco has been spurred on by the discovery of more effective isoforms in some algae with the potential to significantly improve crop productivity. Incompatibilities between the protein folding machinery of leaf and algae chloroplasts have, so far, prevented efforts to transplant these more effective Rubisco variants into plants. There is therefore increasing interest in improving Rubisco catalysis by directed (laboratory) evolution. Here we review the advances being made in, and the ongoing challenges with, improving the solubility and/or carboxylation activity of differing non-plant Rubisco lineages. We provide perspectives on new opportunities for the directed evolution of crop Rubiscos and the existing plant transformation capabilities available to evaluate the extent to which Rubisco activity improvements can benefit agricultural productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Gionfriddo
- Plant Science Division, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia; Department of Cellular Biochemistry, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried 82152, Germany
| | - Timothy Rhodes
- Plant Science Division, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia
| | - Spencer M Whitney
- Plant Science Division, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia.
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Tanwar N, Arya SS, Rookes JE, Cahill DM, Lenka SK, Bansal KC. Prospects of chloroplast metabolic engineering for developing nutrient-dense food crops. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2023; 43:1001-1018. [PMID: 35815847 DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2022.2092717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 05/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Addressing nutritional deficiencies in food crops through biofortification is a sustainable approach to tackling malnutrition. Biofortification is continuously being attempted through conventional breeding as well as through various plant biotechnological interventions, ranging from molecular breeding to genetic engineering and genome editing for enriching crops with various health-promoting metabolites. Genetic engineering is used for the rational incorporation of desired nutritional traits in food crops and predominantly operates through nuclear and chloroplast genome engineering. In the recent past, chloroplast engineering has been deployed as a strategic tool to develop model plants with enhanced nutritional traits due to the various advantages it offers over nuclear genome engineering. However, this approach needs to be extended for the nutritional enhancement of major food crops. Further, this platform could be combined with strategies, such as synthetic biology, chloroplast editing, nanoparticle-mediated rapid chloroplast transformation, and horizontal gene transfer through grafting for targeting endogenous metabolic pathways for overproducing native nutraceuticals, production of biopharmaceuticals, and biosynthesis of designer nutritional compounds. This review focuses on exploring various features of chloroplast genome engineering for nutritional enhancement of food crops by enhancing the levels of existing metabolites, restoring the metabolites lost during crop domestication, and introducing novel metabolites and phytonutrients needed for a healthy daily diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Tanwar
- TERI-Deakin Nano-Biotechnology Centre, The Energy Resources Institute (TERI), New Delhi, India
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds Campus, Geelong, Australia
| | - Sagar S Arya
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds Campus, Geelong, Australia
| | - James E Rookes
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds Campus, Geelong, Australia
| | - David M Cahill
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds Campus, Geelong, Australia
| | - Sangram K Lenka
- TERI-Deakin Nano-Biotechnology Centre, The Energy Resources Institute (TERI), New Delhi, India
- Gujarat Biotechnology University, Gujarat, India
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4
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Tanwar N, Rookes JE, Cahill DM, Lenka SK. Carotenoid Pathway Engineering in Tobacco Chloroplast Using a Synthetic Operon. Mol Biotechnol 2023; 65:1923-1934. [PMID: 36884112 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-023-00693-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Abstract
The carotenoid pathway in plants has been altered through metabolic engineering to enhance their nutritional value and generate keto-carotenoids, which are widely sought after in the food, feed, and human health industries. In this study, the aim was to produce keto-carotenoids by manipulating the native carotenoid pathway in tobacco plants through chloroplast engineering. Transplastomic tobacco plants were generated that express a synthetic multigene operon composed of three heterologous genes, with Intercistronic Expression Elements (IEEs) for effective mRNA splicing. The metabolic changes observed in the transplastomic plants showed a significant shift towards the xanthophyll cycle, with only a minor production of keto-lutein. The use of a ketolase gene in combination with the lycopene cyclase and hydroxylase genes was a novel approach and demonstrated a successful redirection of the carotenoid pathway towards the xanthophyll cycle and the production of keto-lutein. This study presents a scalable molecular genetic platform for the development of novel keto-carotenoids in tobacco using the Design-Build-Test-Learn (DBTL) approach. This study corroborates chloroplast metabolic engineering using a synthetic biology approach for producing novel metabolites belonging to carotenoid class in industrially important tobacco plant. The synthetic multigene construct resulted in producing a novel metabolite, keto-lutein with high accumulation of xanthophyll metabolites. This figure was drawn using BioRender ( https://www.biorender.com ).
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Tanwar
- TERI-Deakin Nano-Biotechnology Centre, The Energy Resources Institute (TERI), New Delhi, 110003, India
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds Campus, Geelong, VIC, 3216, Australia
| | - James E Rookes
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds Campus, Geelong, VIC, 3216, Australia
| | - David M Cahill
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds Campus, Geelong, VIC, 3216, Australia
| | - Sangram K Lenka
- TERI-Deakin Nano-Biotechnology Centre, The Energy Resources Institute (TERI), New Delhi, 110003, India.
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, Gujarat Biotechnology University, Gandhinagar, 382355, India.
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Ehsasatvatan M, Kohnehrouz BB. The lyophilized chloroplasts store synthetic DARPin G3 as bioactive encapsulated organelles. J Biol Eng 2023; 17:63. [PMID: 37798746 PMCID: PMC10557345 DOI: 10.1186/s13036-023-00383-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The high cost of fermentation, purification, cold storage and transportation, short shelf life, and sterile delivery methods of biopharmaceuticals, is a matter for producers and consumers as well. Since the FDA has now approved plant cells for large-scale, cost-effective biopharmaceutical production, the isolation and lyophilization of transplastomic chloroplasts can cover concerns about limitations. DARPins are engineered small single-domain proteins that have been selected to bind to HER2 with high affinity and specificity. HER2 is an oncogene involved in abnormal cell growth in some cancers and the target molecule for cancer immunotherapy. RESULTS In this study, we reported the prolonged stability and functionality of DARPin G3 in lyophilized transplastomic tobacco leaves and chloroplasts. Western blot analysis of lyophilized leaves and chloroplasts stored at room temperature for up to nine months showed that the DARPin G3 protein was stable and preserved proper folding. Lyophilization of leaves and isolated chloroplasts increased DARPin G3 protein concentrations by 16 and 32-fold, respectively. The HER2-binding assay demonstrated that the chloroplast-made DARPin G3 can maintain its stability and binding activity without any affinity drop in lyophilized leaf materials throughout this study for more than nine months at room temperature. CONCLUSION Lyophilization of chloroplasts expressing DARPin G3 would further reduce costs and simplify downstream processing, purification, and storage. Compressed packages of lyophilized chloroplasts were much more effective than lyophilized transplastomic leaves considering occupied space and downstream extraction and purification of DARPin G3 after nine months. These methods facilitate any relevant formulation practices for these compounds to meet any demand-oriented needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Ehsasatvatan
- Department of Plant Breeding & Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, 51666, Iran
| | - Bahram Baghban Kohnehrouz
- Department of Plant Breeding & Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, 51666, Iran.
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Saakre M, Jaiswal S, Rathinam M, Raman KV, Tilgam J, Paul K, Sreevathsa R, Pattanayak D. Host-Delivered RNA Interference for Durable Pest Resistance in Plants: Advanced Methods, Challenges, and Applications. Mol Biotechnol 2023:10.1007/s12033-023-00833-9. [PMID: 37523020 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-023-00833-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
Insect-pests infestation greatly affects global agricultural production and is projected to become more severe in upcoming years. There is concern about pesticide application being ineffective due to insect resistance and environmental toxicity. Reduced effectiveness of Bt toxins also made the scientific community shift toward alternative strategies to control devastating agricultural pests. With the advent of host-delivered RNA interference, also known as host-induced gene silencing, targeted insect genes have been suppressed through genetic engineering tools to deliver a novel insect-pest resistance strategy for combating a number of agricultural pests. This review recapitulates the possible mechanism of host-delivered RNA interference (HD-RNAi), in particular, the silencing of target genes of insect-pests. We emphasize the development of the latest strategies against evolving insect targets including designing of artificial microRNAs, vector constructs, and the benefit of using plastid transformation to transform target RNA-interfering genes. Advantages of using HD-RNAi over other small RNA delivery modes and also the supremacy of HD-RNAi over the CRISPR-Cas system particularly for insect resistance have been described. However, the broader application of this technology is restricted due to its several limitations. Using artificial miRNA designs, the host-delivered RNAi + Bt combinatorial approach and chloroplast transformation can overcome limitations of RNAi. With careful design and delivery approaches, RNAi promises to be extremely valuable and effective plant protection strategy to attain durable insect-pest resistance in crops. Development of transgenic plant using novel strategies to achieve durable resistance against the target insect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manjesh Saakre
- Division of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, ICAR-National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, IARI Pusa Campus, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Sandeep Jaiswal
- Division of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, ICAR-National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, IARI Pusa Campus, New Delhi, 110012, India
- ICAR-Research Complex for NEH Region, Umiam, Meghalaya- 793103, India
| | - Maniraj Rathinam
- ICAR-National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, IARI Pusa Campus, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - K Venkat Raman
- ICAR-National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, IARI Pusa Campus, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Jyotsana Tilgam
- Division of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, ICAR-National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, IARI Pusa Campus, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Krishnayan Paul
- Division of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, ICAR-National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, IARI Pusa Campus, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Rohini Sreevathsa
- ICAR-National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, IARI Pusa Campus, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Debasis Pattanayak
- ICAR-National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, IARI Pusa Campus, New Delhi, 110012, India.
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7
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Wang Y, Fan J, Ahmad N, Xin W, Wei Z, Xing S. Successful production of human epidermal growth factor in tobacco chloroplasts in a biologically active conformation. Growth Factors 2023; 41:20-31. [PMID: 36454601 DOI: 10.1080/08977194.2022.2150187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Human epidermal growth factor (hEGF) is an important therapeutic compound with multiple applications particularly in pharmaceutical industry. Human EGF has already been expressed in different expression systems, however, the production of hEGF with bioactivity in chloroplasts has not been successful so far. In this study, we expressed a 6 × His-tagged hEGF in tobacco chloroplasts in its native conformation for the potential of large-scale production of hEGF for industrial applications. Several transplastomic plant lines were obtained, which were screened by PCR (polymerase chain reaction) using primers specific to selectable gene aadA, hEGF- and GFP-coding sequences that were included in the chloroplast expression vector. The selected lines were confirmed to be homoplasmic by PCR verification and Southern blot analysis. Immunoblotting assays of homoplasmic lines using antibodies raised against hEGF confirmed the accumulation of hEGF in transplastomic plants and the ELISA results demonstrated the expression levels of hEGF were between 0.124% and 0.165% of the total soluble proteins (TSP), namely, 23.16-25.77 ng/g of the fresh weight. In terms of activity, the data from cell proliferation and elongation assays showed that the tobacco-derived recombinant hEGF was as bioactive as its commercial counterpart. To our knowledge, this is the first report of recombinant production of hEGF with native bioactivity form in the chloroplast stroma. Overall, our results demonstrate the potential of higher plant chloroplasts for the production of a human therapeutic, hEGF, in an active conformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunpeng Wang
- Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Jieying Fan
- Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Niaz Ahmad
- Agricultural Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), Faisalabad, Pakistan
- Department of Biotechnology, Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (PIEAS), Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Wen Xin
- Beijing TransGen Biotech Co., Ltd, Beijing, China
| | - Zhengyi Wei
- Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
- Maize Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, China
| | - Shaochen Xing
- Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
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Buck S, Rhodes T, Gionfriddo M, Skinner T, Yuan D, Birch R, Kapralov MV, Whitney SM. Escherichia coli expressing chloroplast chaperones as a proxy to test heterologous Rubisco production in leaves. J Exp Bot 2023; 74:664-676. [PMID: 36322613 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erac435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Rubisco is a fundamental enzyme in photosynthesis and therefore for life. Efforts to improve plant Rubisco performance have been hindered by the enzymes' complex chloroplast biogenesis requirements. New Synbio approaches, however, now allow the production of some plant Rubisco isoforms in Escherichia coli. While this enhances opportunities for catalytic improvement, there remain limitations in the utility of the expression system. Here we generate, optimize, and test a robust Golden Gate cloning E. coli expression system incorporating the protein folding machinery of tobacco chloroplasts. By comparing the expression of different plant Rubiscos in both E. coli and plastome-transformed tobacco, we show that the E. coli expression system can accurately predict high level Rubisco production in chloroplasts but poorly forecasts the biogenesis potential of isoforms with impaired production in planta. We reveal that heterologous Rubisco production in E. coli and tobacco plastids poorly correlates with Rubisco large subunit phylogeny. Our findings highlight the need to fully understand the factors governing Rubisco biogenesis if we are to deliver an efficient, low-cost screening tool that can accurately emulate chloroplast expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sally Buck
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Translational Photosynthesis, Australian National University, Canberra 2000, Australia
| | - Tim Rhodes
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Translational Photosynthesis, Australian National University, Canberra 2000, Australia
| | - Matteo Gionfriddo
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Translational Photosynthesis, Australian National University, Canberra 2000, Australia
| | - Tanya Skinner
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Translational Photosynthesis, Australian National University, Canberra 2000, Australia
| | - Ding Yuan
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Translational Photosynthesis, Australian National University, Canberra 2000, Australia
| | - Rosemary Birch
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Translational Photosynthesis, Australian National University, Canberra 2000, Australia
| | - Maxim V Kapralov
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK
| | - Spencer M Whitney
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Translational Photosynthesis, Australian National University, Canberra 2000, Australia
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Wang Y, Fan J, Wei Z, Xing S. Efficient expression of fusion human epidermal growth factor in tobacco chloroplasts. BMC Biotechnol 2023; 23:1. [PMID: 36611158 PMCID: PMC9824920 DOI: 10.1186/s12896-022-00771-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chloroplast transformation is a robust technology for the expression of recombinant proteins. Various types of pharmaceutical proteins including growth factors have been reported in chloroplasts via chloroplast transformation approach at high expression levels. However, high expression of epidermal growth factor (EGF) in chloroplasts with the technology is still unavailable. RESULTS The present work explored the high-level expression of recombinant EGF, a protein widely applied in many clinical therapies, in tobacco chloroplasts. In this work, homoplastic transgenic plants expressing fusion protein GFP-EGF, which was composed of GFP and EGF via a linker, were generated. The expression of GFP-EGF was confirmed by the combination of green fluorescent observation and Western blotting. The achieved accumulation of the recombinant fusion GFP-EGF was 10.21 ± 0.27% of total soluble proteins (1.57 ± 0.05 g kg- 1 of fresh leaf). The chloroplast-derived GFP-EGF was capable of increasing the cell viability of the NSLC cell line A549 and enhancing the phosphorylation level of the EGF receptor in the A549 cells. CONCLUSION The expression of recombinant EGF in tobacco chloroplasts via chloroplast transformation method was achieved at considerable accumulation level. The attempt gives a good example for the application of chloroplast transformation technology in recombinant pharmaceutical protein production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunpeng Wang
- grid.464388.50000 0004 1756 0215Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, 130033 China
| | - Jieying Fan
- grid.464388.50000 0004 1756 0215Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, 130033 China
| | - Zhengyi Wei
- grid.464388.50000 0004 1756 0215Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, 130033 China ,grid.452720.60000 0004 0415 7259Maize Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, 530007 China
| | - Shaochen Xing
- grid.464388.50000 0004 1756 0215Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, 130033 China
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Abstract
The plastid (chloroplast) genome of seed plants represents an attractive target of metabolic pathway engineering by genetic transformation. Although the plastid genome is relatively small, it can accommodate large amounts of foreign DNA that precisely integrates via homologous recombination, and is largely excluded from pollen transmission due to the maternal mode of plastid inheritance. Since the engineering of metabolic pathways often requires the expression of multiple transgenes, the possibility to conveniently stack transgenes in synthetic operons makes the transplastomic technology particularly appealing in the area of metabolic engineering. Absence of epigenetic gene silencing mechanisms from plastids and the possibility to achieve high transgene expression levels further add to the attractiveness of plastid genome transformation. This review focuses on engineering principles and available tools for the transplastomic expression of enzymes and pathways, and highlights selected recent applications in metabolic engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralph Bock
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, Am Mühlenberg 1, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany.
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Yamamoto H, Sato N, Shikanai T. Critical Role of NdhA in the Incorporation of the Peripheral Arm into the Membrane-Embedded Part of the Chloroplast NADH Dehydrogenase-Like Complex. Plant Cell Physiol 2021; 62:1131-1145. [PMID: 33169158 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcaa143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The chloroplast NADH dehydrogenase-like (NDH) complex mediates ferredoxin-dependent plastoquinone reduction in the thylakoid membrane. In angiosperms, chloroplast NDH is composed of five subcomplexes and further forms a supercomplex with photosystem I (PSI). Subcomplex A (SubA) mediates the electron transport and consists of eight subunits encoded by both plastid and nuclear genomes. The assembly of SubA in the stroma has been extensively studied, but it is unclear how SubA is incorporated into the membrane-embedded part of the NDH complex. Here, we isolated a novel Arabidopsis mutant chlororespiratory reduction 16 (crr16) defective in NDH activity. CRR16 encodes a chloroplast-localized P-class pentatricopeptide repeat protein conserved in angiosperms. Transcript analysis of plastid-encoded ndh genes indicated that CRR16 was responsible for the efficient splicing of the group II intron in the ndhA transcript, which encodes a membrane-embedded subunit localized to the connecting site between SubA and the membrane subcomplex (SubM). To analyze the roles of NdhA in the assembly and stability of the NDH complex, the homoplastomic knockout plant of ndhA (ΔndhA) was generated in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum). Biochemical analyses of crr16 and ΔndhA plants indicated that NdhA was essential for stabilizing SubA and SubE but not for the accumulation of the other three subcomplexes. Furthermore, the crr16 mutant accumulated the SubA assembly intermediates in the stroma more than that in the wild type. These results suggest that NdhA biosynthesis is essential for the incorporation of SubA into the membrane-embedded part of the NDH complex at the final assembly step of the NDH-PSI supercomplex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Yamamoto
- Department of Botany, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Oiwake-cho, Kitashirakawa, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502 Japan
| | - Nozomi Sato
- Department of Botany, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Oiwake-cho, Kitashirakawa, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502 Japan
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Kyoto Sangyo University, Kamigamo Motoyama, Kita-ku, Kyoto 603-8555, Japan
| | - Toshiharu Shikanai
- Department of Botany, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Oiwake-cho, Kitashirakawa, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502 Japan
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Avila EM, Day A. Stable Plastid Transformation of Petunia for Studies in Basic Research. Methods Mol Biol 2021; 2317:229-45. [PMID: 34028772 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1472-3_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
Abstract
Petunia hybrida is a commercial ornamental plant and is also an important model species for genetic analysis and transgenic research. Here we describe the steps required to isolate stable plastid transformants in P. hybrida using the commercial Pink Wave cultivar. Wave cultivars are popular spreading Petunias sold as ground cover and potted plants. Transgenes introduced into P. hybrida plastids exhibit stable expression over many generations. The development of plastid transformation in P. hybrida provides an enabling technology to bring the benefits of plastid engineering, including maternal inheritance and stable expression of performance-enhancing trait genes, to the important floriculture and horticulture industries.
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Mudd EA, Madesis P, Avila EM, Day A. Marker-Free Transplastomic Plants by Excision of Plastid Marker Genes Using Directly Repeated DNA Sequences. Methods Mol Biol 2021; 2317:95-107. [PMID: 34028764 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1472-3_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
Abstract
Excision of marker genes using DNA direct repeats makes use of the efficient native homologous recombination pathway present in the plastids of algae and plants. The method is simple, efficient, and widely applicable to plants and green algae. Marker excision frequency is dependent on the length and number of directly repeated sequences. When two repeats are used a repeat size of greater than 600 bp promotes efficient excision of the marker gene. A wide variety of sequences can be used to make the direct repeats. Only a single round of transformation is required and there is no requirement to introduce site-specific recombinases by retransformation or sexual crosses. Selection is used to maintain the marker and ensure homoplasmy of transgenic plastid genomes (plastomes). Release of selection allows the accumulation of marker-free plastomes generated by marker excision, which is a spontaneous and unidirectional process. Cytoplasmic sorting allows the segregation of cells with marker-free transgenic plastids. The marker-free shoots resulting from direct repeat mediated excision of marker genes have been isolated by vegetative propagation of shoots in the T0 generation. Alternatively, accumulation of marker-free plastomes during growth, development and flowering of T0 plants allows for the collection of seeds that give rise to a high proportion of marker-free T1 seedlings. The procedure enables precise plastome engineering involving insertion of transgenes, point mutations and deletion of genes without the inclusion of any extraneous DNA. The simplicity and convenience of direct repeat excision facilitates its widespread use to isolate marker-free crops.
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Rochaix JD, Surzycki R, Ramundo S. Regulated Chloroplast Gene Expression in Chlamydomonas. Methods Mol Biol 2021; 2317:305-318. [PMID: 34028778 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1472-3_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
The green unicellular alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii has emerged as a very attractive model system for chloroplast genetic engineering. Algae can be transformed readily at the chloroplast level through bombardment of cells with a gene gun and transformants can be selected using antibiotic resistance or phototrophic growth. An inducible chloroplast gene expression system could be very useful for several reasons. First, it could be used to elucidate the function of essential chloroplast genes required for cell growth and survival. Second, it could be very helpful for expressing proteins which are toxic to the algal cells. Third, it would allow for the reversible depletion of photosynthetic complexes, thus making it possible to study their biogenesis in a controlled fashion. Fourth, it opens promising possibilities for hydrogen production in Chlamydomonas. Here we describe an inducible/ repressible chloroplast gene expression system in Chlamydomonas in which the copper-regulated Cyc6 promoter or the vitamin-controlled MetE promoter and TPP riboswitch drive the expression of the nuclear Nac2 gene encoding a protein which is targeted to the chloroplast where it acts specifically on the chloroplast psbD 5' untranslated region and is required for the stable accumulation of the psbD mRNA and photosystem II. The system can be used for any chloroplast gene or trans-gene by placing it under the control of the psbD 5'untranslated region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-David Rochaix
- Departments of Molecular Biology and Plant Biology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
| | | | - Silvia Ramundo
- School of Medicine, UC San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
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15
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Abstract
Chloroplast biotechnology has assumed great importance in the past 20 years and, thanks to the numerous advantages as compared to conventional transgenic technologies, has been applied in an increasing number of plant species but still very much limited. Hence, it is of outmost importance to extend the range of species in which plastid transformation can be applied. Sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) is an important industrial crop of the temperate zone in which chloroplast DNA is not transmitted trough pollen. Transformation of the sugar beet genome is performed in several research laboratories, conversely sugar beet plastome genetic transformation is far away from being considered a routine technique. We describe here a method to obtain transplastomic sugar beet plants trough biolistic transformation. The availability of sugar beet transplastomic plants should avoid the risk of gene flow between these cultivated genetic modified sugar beet plants and the wild-type plants or relative wild species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca De Marchis
- Research Division of Perugia, Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources (IBBR), CNR, Perugia, Italy
| | - Michele Bellucci
- Research Division of Perugia, Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources (IBBR), CNR, Perugia, Italy.
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Wang K, Cui Y, Wang Y, Gao Z, Liu T, Meng C, Qin S. Chloroplast Genetic Engineering of a Unicellular Green Alga Haematococcus pluvialis with Expression of an Antimicrobial Peptide. Mar Biotechnol (NY) 2020; 22:572-580. [PMID: 32535692 DOI: 10.1007/s10126-020-09978-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to express an antimicrobial peptide in the chloroplast to further develop the plastid engineering of H. pluvialis. Homologous targeting of the 16S-trnI/trnA-23S region and four endogenous regulatory elements, including the psbA promoter, rbcL promoter, rbcL terminator, and psbA terminator in H. pluvialis, were performed to construct a chloroplast transformation vector for H. pluvialis. The expression of codon-optimized antimicrobial peptide piscidin-4 gene (ant1) and selection marker gene (bar, biolaphos resistance gene) in the chloroplast of H. pluvialis was controlled by the rbcL promoter and psbA promoter, respectively. Upon biolistic transformation and selection with phosphinothricin, integration and expression of ant1 in the chloroplast genome were detected using polymerase chain reaction (PCR), southern blotting, and western blotting. Using this method, we successfully expressed antimicrobial peptide piscidin-4 in H. pluvialis. Hence, our results showed H. pluvialis promises as a platform for expressing recombinant proteins for biotechnological applications, which will further contribute to promoting genetic engineering improvement of this strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, 255049, Shandong Province, China
| | - Yulin Cui
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Biology and Biological Resource Utilization, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, 264003, China
- Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Yinchu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Biology and Biological Resource Utilization, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, 264003, China
- Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Zhengquan Gao
- School of Life Sciences, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, 255049, Shandong Province, China
| | - Tianzhong Liu
- Microalgal Biotechnology Group, CAS key Laboratory of Biofuels and Shandong Laboratory of Energy Genetics, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and bioprocess technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China
| | - Chunxiao Meng
- School of Life Sciences, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, 255049, Shandong Province, China.
| | - Song Qin
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Biology and Biological Resource Utilization, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, 264003, China.
- Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China.
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17
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Nozoe M, Tsunoyama Y, Ishizaki Y, Nakahira Y, Shiina T. Selective Activation of Chloroplast psbD Light-Responsive Promoter and psaA/B Promoter in Transplastomic Tobacco Plants Overexpressing Arabidopsis Sigma Factor AtSIG5. Protein Pept Lett 2020; 27:168-175. [PMID: 31612816 DOI: 10.2174/0929866526666191014130605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Revised: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plastid-encoded eubacterial-type RNA polymerase (PEP) plays a critical role in the transcription of photosynthesis genes in chloroplasts. Notably, some of the reaction center genes, including psaA, psaB, psbA, and psbD genes, are differentially transcribed by PEP in mature chloroplasts. However, the molecular mechanism of promoter selection in the reaction center gene transcription by PEP is not well understood. OBJECTIVE Sigma factor proteins direct promoter selection by a core PEP in chloroplasts as well as bacteria. AtSIG5 is a unique chloroplast sigma factor essential for psbD light-responsive promoter (psbD LRP) activity. To analyze the role of AtSIG5 in chloroplast transcription in more detail, we assessed the effect of AtSIG5 hyper-expression on the transcription of plastid-encoded genes in chloroplast transgenic plants. RESULTS The chloroplast transgenic tobacco (CpOX-AtSIG5) accumulates AtSIG5 protein at extremely high levels in chloroplasts. Due to the extremely high-level expression of recombinant AtSIG5, most PEP holoenzymes are most likely to include the recombinant AtSIG5 in the CpOXAtSIG5 chloroplasts. Thus, we can assess the promoter preference of AtSIG5 in vivo. The overexpression of AtSIG5 significantly increased the expression of psbD LRP transcripts encoding PSII reaction center D2 protein and psaA/B operon transcripts encoding PSI core proteins. Furthermore, run-on transcription analyses revealed that AtSIG5 preferentially recognizes the psaA/B promoter, as well as the psbD LRP. Moreover, we found that psbD LRP is constitutively active in CpOX-AtSIG5 plants irrespective of light and dark. CONCLUSION AtSIG5 probably plays a significant role in differential transcription of reaction center genes in mature chloroplasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikio Nozoe
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University, Shimogamo, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606- 8522,Japan
| | - Yuichi Tsunoyama
- Radioisotope Research Center, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-oiwake-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502,Japan
| | - Yoko Ishizaki
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University, Shimogamo, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606- 8522,Japan
| | - Yoichi Nakahira
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University, Shimogamo, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606- 8522,Japan
- College of Agriculture, Ibaraki University, Ami, Inashiki 300-0393, Japan
| | - Takashi Shiina
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University, Shimogamo, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606- 8522,Japan
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18
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Saba K, Gottschamel J, Younus I, Syed T, Gull K, Lössl AG, Mirza B, Waheed MT. Chloroplast-based inducible expression of ESAT-6 antigen for development of a plant-based vaccine against tuberculosis. J Biotechnol 2019; 305:1-10. [PMID: 31454508 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2019.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis causes tuberculosis in humans. The major disease burden of tuberculosis lies in developing countries. Lack of an effective vaccine for adults is one of the major hurdles for controlling this deadly disease. In the present study, 6 kDa early secretory antigenic target (ESAT-6) of M. tuberculosis was inducibly expressed in chloroplasts of Nicotiana tabacum. The expression of ESAT-6 in chloroplasts was controlled by T7 promoter that was activated by nuclear-generated signal peptide. Tobacco plants, containing nuclear component, were transformed via biolistic bombardment with pEXP-T7-ESAT-6 obtained by Gateway® cloning. Transformation and homoplasmic status of transplastomic plants was confirmed by polymerase chain reaction and Southern blotting. Plants were induced for protein expression by spraying with 5% ethanol for 1 day, 3 days, 7 days and 10 days. ESAT-6 protein was detected by immunoblot analysis and maximum protein was obtained for 10 days induced plants that was estimated to accumulate up to 1.2% of total soluble fraction of protein. Transplastomic plants showed completely normal morphology. Transplastomic and untransformed plants became slightly chlorotic upon prolonged exposure to ethanol until 10 days. Taken together, this data could help in the development of an antigen-based subunit vaccine against tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiran Saba
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, 45320, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Johanna Gottschamel
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU), Gregor-Mendel-Straße 33, 1180, Vienna, Austria
| | - Iqra Younus
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, 45320, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Tahira Syed
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, 45320, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Kehkshan Gull
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, 45320, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Andreas Günter Lössl
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU), Gregor-Mendel-Straße 33, 1180, Vienna, Austria
| | - Bushra Mirza
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, 45320, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Mohammad Tahir Waheed
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, 45320, Islamabad, Pakistan.
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19
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Zienkiewicz M, Krupnik T, Drożak A, Kania K. PEG-mediated, Stable, Nuclear and Chloroplast Transformation of Cyanidioschizon merolae. Bio Protoc 2019; 9:e3355. [PMID: 33654854 DOI: 10.21769/bioprotoc.3355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Revised: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability to achieve nuclear or chloroplast transformation in plants has been a long standing goal, especially in microalgae research. Over past years there has been only little success, but transient and stable nuclear transformation has been achieved in multiple species. Our newly developed method allows for relatively simple transformation of Cyanidioschizon merolae in both nuclear and chloroplast genome by means of homologous recombination between the genome and a transformation vector. The use of chloramphenicol resistance gene as the selectable marker allows for plate-based efficient selection of mutant colonies. Overall, the method allows the generation of mutant strains within 6 months.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tomasz Krupnik
- Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Miecznikowa 1, 02-096, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Drożak
- Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Miecznikowa 1, 02-096, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Kinga Kania
- Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Miecznikowa 1, 02-096, Warsaw, Poland
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20
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Sandoval-Vargas JM, Jiménez-Clemente LA, Macedo-Osorio KS, Oliver-Salvador MC, Fernández-Linares LC, Durán-Figueroa NV, Badillo-Corona JA. Use of the ptxD gene as a portable selectable marker for chloroplast transformation in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Mol Biotechnol 2019; 61:461-468. [PMID: 30997667 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-019-00177-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Synthetic biology and genetic engineering in algae offer an unprecedented opportunity to develop species with traits that can help solve the problems associated with food and energy supply in the 21st century. In the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, foreign genes can be expressed from the chloroplast genome for molecular farming and metabolic engineering to obtain commodities and high-value molecules. To introduce these genes, selectable markers, which rely mostly on the use of antibiotics, are needed. This has risen social concern associated with the potential risk of horizontal gene transfer across life kingdoms, which has led to a quest for antibiotic-free selectable markers. Phosphorus (P) is a scarce nutrient element that most organisms can only assimilate in its most oxidized form as phosphate (Pi); however, some organisms are able to oxidize phosphite (Phi) to Pi prior to incorporation into the central metabolism of P. As an alternative to the use of the two positive selectable makers already available for chloroplast transformation in C. reinhardtii, the aadA and the aphA-6 genes, that require the use of antibiotics, we investigated if a phosphite-based selection method could be used for the direct recovery of chloroplast transformed lines in this alga. Here we show that following bombardment with a vector carrying the ptxD gene from Pseudomonas stutzeri WM88, only cells that integrate and express the gene proliferate and form colonies using Phi as the sole P source. Our results demonstrate that a selectable marker based on the assimilation of Phi can be used for chloroplasts transformation in a biotechnologically relevant organism. The portable selectable marker we have developed is, in more than 18 years, the latest addition to the markers available for selection of chloroplast transformed cells in C. reinhardtii. The ptxD gene will contribute to the repertoire of tools available for synthetic biology and genetic engineering in the chloroplast of C. reinhardtii.
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Affiliation(s)
- José M Sandoval-Vargas
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Unidad Profesional Interdisciplinaria de Biotecnología, Av. Acueducto SN, Col. Barrio la Laguna Ticomán, 07340, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Luis A Jiménez-Clemente
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Unidad Profesional Interdisciplinaria de Biotecnología, Av. Acueducto SN, Col. Barrio la Laguna Ticomán, 07340, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Karla S Macedo-Osorio
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Unidad Profesional Interdisciplinaria de Biotecnología, Av. Acueducto SN, Col. Barrio la Laguna Ticomán, 07340, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - María C Oliver-Salvador
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Unidad Profesional Interdisciplinaria de Biotecnología, Av. Acueducto SN, Col. Barrio la Laguna Ticomán, 07340, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Luis C Fernández-Linares
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Unidad Profesional Interdisciplinaria de Biotecnología, Av. Acueducto SN, Col. Barrio la Laguna Ticomán, 07340, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Noé V Durán-Figueroa
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Unidad Profesional Interdisciplinaria de Biotecnología, Av. Acueducto SN, Col. Barrio la Laguna Ticomán, 07340, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Jesús A Badillo-Corona
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Unidad Profesional Interdisciplinaria de Biotecnología, Av. Acueducto SN, Col. Barrio la Laguna Ticomán, 07340, Mexico City, Mexico.
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21
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Paik SM, Kim J, Jin E, Jeon NL. Overproduction of recombinant E. coli malate synthase enhances Chlamydomonas reinhardtii biomass by upregulating heterotrophic metabolism. Bioresour Technol 2019; 272:594-598. [PMID: 30348480 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.10.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2018] [Revised: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
High uptake of malate and efficient distribution of intracellular malate to organelles contributed to biomass increase, reducing maintenance energy. In this study, transgenic Chlamydomonas reinhardtii was developed that stably expresses malate synthase in the chloroplast. The strains under glyoxylate treatment showed 19% more increase in microalgal biomass than wild-type. By RNA analysis, transcript levels of malate dehydrogenase (MDH4) and acetyl-CoA synthetase (ACS3), isocitrate lyase (ICL1) and malate synthase (MAS1), were significantly more expressed (17%, 42%, 24%, and 18% respectively), which was consistent with reported heterotrophic metabolism flux analysis with the objective function maximizing biomass. Photosynthetic Fv/Fm was slightly reduced. A more meticulous analysis is necessary, but, in the transgenic microalgae with malate synthase overexpression, the metabolism is likely to more rely on heterotrophic energy production via TCA cycle and glyoxylate shunt than on photosynthesis, resulting in the increase in microalgal biomass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Min Paik
- Interdisciplinary Program for Bioengineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Joonwon Kim
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - EonSeon Jin
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea.
| | - Noo Li Jeon
- Interdisciplinary Program for Bioengineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea; School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea; Institute of Advanced Mechanics and Design, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
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22
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Li DW, Xie WH, Hao TB, Cai JX, Zhou TB, Balamurugan S, Yang WD, Liu JS, Li HY. Constitutive and Chloroplast Targeted Expression of Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase in Oleaginous Microalgae Elevates Fatty Acid Biosynthesis. Mar Biotechnol (NY) 2018; 20:566-572. [PMID: 29931608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2017] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Photosynthetic microalgae are of burgeoning interest in the generation of commercial bioproducts. Microalgae accumulate high lipid content under adverse conditions, which in turn compromise their growth and hinder their commercial potential. Hence, it is necessary to engineer microalgae to mitigate elevated lipid accumulation and biomass. In this study, we identified acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACCase) in oleaginous microalga Phaeodactylum tricornutum (PtACC2) and expressed constitutively in the chloroplast to demonstrate the potential of chloroplast engineering. Molecular characterization of transplastomic microalgae revealed that PtACC2 was integrated, transcribed and expressed successfully, and localized in the chloroplast. Enzymatic activity of ACCase was elevated by 3.3-fold, and the relative neutral lipid content increased substantially by 1.77-fold, and lipid content reached up to 40.8% of dry weight. Accordingly, the number and size of oil bodies markedly increased. Fatty acid profiling showed that the content of monounsaturated fatty acids increased, while polyunsaturated fatty acids decreased. This method provides a valuable genetic engineering toolbox for microalgal bioreactors with industrial significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da-Wei Li
- Key Laboratory of Eutrophication and Red Tide Prevention of Guangdong Higher Education Institute, College of Life Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Wei-Hong Xie
- Key Laboratory of Eutrophication and Red Tide Prevention of Guangdong Higher Education Institute, College of Life Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Ting-Bin Hao
- Key Laboratory of Eutrophication and Red Tide Prevention of Guangdong Higher Education Institute, College of Life Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Jia-Xi Cai
- Key Laboratory of Eutrophication and Red Tide Prevention of Guangdong Higher Education Institute, College of Life Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Tian-Bao Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Eutrophication and Red Tide Prevention of Guangdong Higher Education Institute, College of Life Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Srinivasan Balamurugan
- Key Laboratory of Eutrophication and Red Tide Prevention of Guangdong Higher Education Institute, College of Life Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Wei-Dong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Eutrophication and Red Tide Prevention of Guangdong Higher Education Institute, College of Life Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Jie-Sheng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Eutrophication and Red Tide Prevention of Guangdong Higher Education Institute, College of Life Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Hong-Ye Li
- Key Laboratory of Eutrophication and Red Tide Prevention of Guangdong Higher Education Institute, College of Life Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
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23
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Mirzaee M, Jalali-Javaran M, Moieni A, Zeinali S, Behdani M. Expression of VGRNb-PE immunotoxin in transplastomic lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.). Plant Mol Biol 2018; 97:103-112. [PMID: 29633168 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-018-0726-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE This research has shown, for the first time, that plant chloroplasts are a suitable compartment for synthesizing recombinant immunotoxins and the transgenic immunotoxin efficiently causes the inhibition of VEGFR2 overexpression, cell growth and proliferation. Angiogenesis refers to the formation of new blood vessels, which resulted in the growth, invasion and metastasis of cancer. The vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2) plays a major role in angiogenesis and blocking of its signaling inhibits neovascularization and tumor metastasis. Immunotoxins are promising therapeutics for targeted cancer therapy. They consist of an antibody linked to a protein toxin and are designed to specifically kill the tumor cells. In our previous study, VGRNb-PE immunotoxin protein containing anti-VEGFR2 nanobody fused to the truncated form of Pseudomonas exotoxin A has been established. Here, we expressed this immunotoxin in lettuce chloroplasts. Chloroplast genetic engineering offers several advantages, including high levels of transgene expression, multigene engineering in a single transformation event and maternal inheritance of the transgenes. Site specific integration of transgene into chloroplast genomes, and homoplasmy were confirmed. Immunotoxin levels reached up to 1.1% of total soluble protein or 33.7 µg per 100 mg of leaf tissue (fresh weight). We demonstrated that transgenic immunotoxin efficiently causes the inhibition of VEGFR2 overexpression, cell growth and proliferation. These results indicate that plant chloroplasts are a suitable compartment for synthesizing recombinant immunotoxins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malihe Mirzaee
- Department of Plant Breeding & Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, P.O. Box 1497713111, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mokhtar Jalali-Javaran
- Department of Plant Breeding & Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, P.O. Box 1497713111, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Ahmad Moieni
- Department of Plant Breeding & Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, P.O. Box 1497713111, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sirous Zeinali
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdi Behdani
- Biotechnology Research Center, Biotechnology Department, Venom & Biotherapeutics Molecules Lab., Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
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24
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El Hajj M, Hamdan MFB, Avila EM, Day A. Rescue of Deletion Mutants to Isolate Plastid Transformants in Higher Plants. Methods Mol Biol 2018; 1829:325-339. [PMID: 29987732 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-8654-5_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Plastid transformation is an attractive alternative to nuclear transformation enabling manipulation of native plastid genes and the insertion of foreign genes into plastids for applications in agriculture and industrial biotechnology. Transformation is achieved using dominant positive selection markers that confer resistance to antibiotics. The very high copy number of plastid DNA means that a prolonged selection step is required to obtain a uniform population of transgenic plastid genomes. Repair of mutant plastid genes with the corresponding functional allele allows selection based on restoration of the wild type phenotype. The use of deletion rather than point mutants avoids spontaneous reversion back to wild type. Combining antibiotic resistance markers with native plastid genes speeds up the attainment of homoplasmy and allows early transfer of transplastomic lines to soil where antibiotic selection is replaced by selection for photoautotrophic growth. Here we describe our method using the wild type rbcL gene as a plastid transformation marker to restore pigmentation and photosynthesis to a pale green heterotrophic rbcL mutant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad El Hajj
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | | | - Elena Martin Avila
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Anil Day
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
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Adem M, Beyene D, Feyissa T. Recent achievements obtained by chloroplast transformation. Plant Methods 2017; 13:30. [PMID: 28428810 PMCID: PMC5395794 DOI: 10.1186/s13007-017-0179-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2017] [Accepted: 04/09/2017] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Chloroplasts play a great role for sustained wellbeing of life on the planet. They have the power and raw materials that can be used as sophisticated biological factories. They are rich in energy as they have lots of pigment-protein complexes capable of collecting sunlight, in sugar produced by photosynthesis and in minerals imported from the plant cell. Chloroplast genome transformation offers multiple advantages over nuclear genome which among others, include: integration of the transgene via homologus recombination that enables to eliminate gene silencing and position effect, higher level of transgene expression resulting into higher accumulations of foreign proteins, and significant reduction in environmental dispersion of the transgene due to maternal inheritance which helps to minimize the major critic of plant genetic engineering. Chloroplast genetic engineering has made fruit full progresses in the development of plants resistance to various stresses, phytoremediation of toxic metals, and production of vaccine antigens, biopharmaceuticals, biofuels, biomaterials and industrial enzymes. Although successful results have been achieved, there are still difficulties impeding full potential exploitation and expansion of chloroplast transformation technology to economical plants. These include, lack of species specific regulatory sequences, problem of selection and shoot regeneration, and massive expression of foreign genes resulting in phenotypic alterations of transplastomic plants. The aim of this review is to critically recapitulate the latest development of chloroplast transformation with special focus on the different traits of economic interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhamed Adem
- Department of Microbial, Cellular and Molecular Biology, College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box. 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
- Department of Forestry, School of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Madawalabu University, P.O. Box 247, Bale Robe, Oromiya Ethiopia
| | - Dereje Beyene
- Department of Microbial, Cellular and Molecular Biology, College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box. 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Tileye Feyissa
- Department of Microbial, Cellular and Molecular Biology, College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box. 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
- Institute of Biotechnology, College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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Schöttler MA, Thiele W, Belkius K, Bergner SV, Flügel C, Wittenberg G, Agrawal S, Stegemann S, Ruf S, Bock R. The plastid-encoded PsaI subunit stabilizes photosystem I during leaf senescence in tobacco. J Exp Bot 2017; 68:1137-1155. [PMID: 28180288 PMCID: PMC5429015 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erx009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
PsaI is the only subunit of PSI whose precise physiological function has not yet been elucidated in higher plants. While PsaI is involved in PSI trimerization in cyanobacteria, trimerization was lost during the evolution of the eukaryotic PSI, and the entire PsaI side of PSI underwent major structural remodelling to allow for binding of light harvesting complex II antenna proteins during state transitions. Here, we have generated a tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) knockout mutant of the plastid-encoded psaI gene. We show that PsaI is not required for the redox reactions of PSI. Neither plastocyanin oxidation nor the processes at the PSI acceptor side are impaired in the mutant, and both linear and cyclic electron flux rates are unaltered. The PSI antenna cross section is unaffected, state transitions function normally, and binding of other PSI subunits to the reaction centre is not compromised. Under a wide range of growth conditions, the mutants are phenotypically and physiologically indistinguishable from wild-type tobacco. However, in response to high-light and chilling stress, and especially during leaf senescence, PSI content is reduced in the mutants, indicating that the I-subunit plays a role in stabilizing PSI complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Aurel Schöttler
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Wolfram Thiele
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Karolina Belkius
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Sonja Verena Bergner
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Claudia Flügel
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Gal Wittenberg
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Shreya Agrawal
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Sandra Stegemann
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Stephanie Ruf
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Ralph Bock
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
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Gottschamel J, Lössl A, Ruf S, Wang Y, Skaugen M, Bock R, Clarke JL. Production of dengue virus envelope protein domain III-based antigens in tobacco chloroplasts using inducible and constitutive expression systems. Plant Mol Biol 2016; 91:497-512. [PMID: 27116001 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-016-0484-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2016] [Accepted: 04/17/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Dengue fever is a disease in many parts of the tropics and subtropics and about half the world's population is at risk of infection according to the World Health Organization. Dengue is caused by any of the four related dengue virus serotypes DEN-1, -2, -3 and -4, which are transmitted to people by Aedes aegypti mosquitoes. Currently there is only one vaccine (Dengvaxia(®)) available (limited to a few countries) on the market since 2015 after half a century's intensive efforts. Affordable and accessible vaccines against dengue are hence still urgently needed. The dengue envelop protein domain III (EDIII), which is capable of eliciting serotype-specific neutralizing antibodies, has become the focus for subunit vaccine development. To contribute to the development of an accessible and affordable dengue vaccine, in the current study we have used plant-based vaccine production systems to generate a dengue subunit vaccine candidate in tobacco. Chloroplast genome engineering was applied to express serotype-specific recombinant EDIII proteins in tobacco chloroplasts using both constitutive and ethanol-inducible expression systems. Expression of a tetravalent antigen fusion construct combining EDIII polypeptides from all four serotypes was also attempted. Transplastomic EDIII-expressing tobacco lines were obtained and homoplasmy was verified by Southern blot analysis. Northern blot analyses showed expression of EDIII antigen-encoding genes. EDIII protein accumulation levels varied for the different recombinant EDIII proteins and the different expression systems, and reached between 0.8 and 1.6 % of total cellular protein. Our study demonstrates the suitability of the chloroplast compartment as a production site for an EDIII-based vaccine candidate against dengue fever and presents a Gateway(®) plastid transformation vector for inducible transgene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Gottschamel
- NIBIO-Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research, P.O. Box 115, 1431, Ås, Norway
- BOKU-University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Gregor-Mendel-Straße 33, 1180, Vienna, Austria
| | - Andreas Lössl
- BOKU-University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Gregor-Mendel-Straße 33, 1180, Vienna, Austria
| | - Stephanie Ruf
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Yanliang Wang
- NIBIO-Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research, P.O. Box 115, 1431, Ås, Norway
| | | | - Ralph Bock
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam-Golm, Germany.
| | - Jihong Liu Clarke
- NIBIO-Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research, P.O. Box 115, 1431, Ås, Norway.
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De Marchis F, Valeri MC, Pompa A, Bouveret E, Alagna F, Grisan S, Stanzione V, Mariotti R, Cultrera N, Baldoni L, Bellucci M. Overexpression of the olive acyl carrier protein gene (OeACP1) produces alterations in fatty acid composition of tobacco leaves. Transgenic Res 2016; 25:45-61. [PMID: 26560313 DOI: 10.1007/s11248-015-9919-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2015] [Accepted: 11/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Taking into account that fatty acid (FA) biosynthesis plays a crucial role in lipid accumulation in olive (Olea europaea L.) mesocarp, we investigated the effect of olive acyl carrier protein (ACP) on FA composition by overexpressing an olive ACP cDNA in tobacco plants. The OeACP1.1A cDNA was inserted in the nucleus or in the chloroplast DNA of different tobacco plants, resulting in extensive transcription of the transgenes. The transplastomic plants accumulated lower olive ACP levels in comparison to nuclear-transformed plants. Moreover, the phenotype of the former plants was characterized by pale green/white cotyledons with abnormal chloroplasts, delayed germination and reduced growth. We suggest that the transplastomic phenotype was likely caused by inefficient olive ACP mRNA translation in chloroplast stroma. Conversely, total lipids from leaves of nuclear transformants expressing high olive ACP levels showed a significant increase in oleic acid (18:1) and linolenic acid (18:3), and a concomitant significant reduction of hexadecadienoic acid (16:2) and hexadecatrienoic acid (16:3). This implies that in leaves of tobacco transformants, as likely in the mesocarp of olive fruit, olive ACP not only plays a general role in FA synthesis, but seems to be specifically involved in chain length regulation forwarding the elongation to C18 FAs and the subsequent desaturation to 18:1 and 18:3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca De Marchis
- Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources (IBBR), Research Division of Perugia, CNR, Via Madonna Alta 130, 06128, Perugia, Italy
| | - Maria Cristina Valeri
- Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources (IBBR), Research Division of Perugia, CNR, Via Madonna Alta 130, 06128, Perugia, Italy
- PlantLab, Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, 56127, Pisa, Italy
| | - Andrea Pompa
- Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources (IBBR), Research Division of Perugia, CNR, Via Madonna Alta 130, 06128, Perugia, Italy
| | | | - Fiammetta Alagna
- Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources (IBBR), Research Division of Perugia, CNR, Via Madonna Alta 130, 06128, Perugia, Italy
- Research Unit for Table Grapes and Wine Growing in Mediterranean Environment, CREA, Via Casamassima 148, Turi, 70010, Bari, Italy
| | - Simone Grisan
- Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources (IBBR), Research Division of Perugia, CNR, Via Madonna Alta 130, 06128, Perugia, Italy
| | - Vitale Stanzione
- Institute for Agricultural and Forest Systems in the Mediterranean (ISAFOM), Research Division of Perugia, CNR, Via Madonna Alta 128, 06128, Perugia, Italy
| | - Roberto Mariotti
- Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources (IBBR), Research Division of Perugia, CNR, Via Madonna Alta 130, 06128, Perugia, Italy
| | - Nicolò Cultrera
- Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources (IBBR), Research Division of Perugia, CNR, Via Madonna Alta 130, 06128, Perugia, Italy
| | - Luciana Baldoni
- Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources (IBBR), Research Division of Perugia, CNR, Via Madonna Alta 130, 06128, Perugia, Italy
| | - Michele Bellucci
- Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources (IBBR), Research Division of Perugia, CNR, Via Madonna Alta 130, 06128, Perugia, Italy.
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29
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Guzmán-Zapata D, Macedo-Osorio KS, Almaraz-Delgado AL, Durán-Figueroa N, Badillo-Corona JA. Production of Recombinant Proteins in the Chloroplast of the Green Alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Methods Mol Biol 2016; 1385:69-85. [PMID: 26614282 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-3289-4_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Chloroplast transformation in the green algae Chlamydomonas reinhardtii can be used for the production of valuable recombinant proteins. Here, we describe chloroplast transformation of C. reinhardtii followed by protein detection. Genes of interest integrate stably by homologous recombination into the chloroplast genome following introduction by particle bombardment. Genes are inherited and expressed in lines recovered after selection in the presence of an antibiotic. Recombinant proteins can be detected by conventional techniques like immunoblotting and purified from liquid cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Guzmán-Zapata
- Unidad Profesional Interdisciplinaria de Biotecnología, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Av. Acueducto SN, Col. Barrio La Laguna Ticomán, CP. 07340, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Karla Soledad Macedo-Osorio
- Unidad Profesional Interdisciplinaria de Biotecnología, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Av. Acueducto SN, Col. Barrio La Laguna Ticomán, CP. 07340, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Alma Lorena Almaraz-Delgado
- Unidad Profesional Interdisciplinaria de Biotecnología, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Av. Acueducto SN, Col. Barrio La Laguna Ticomán, CP. 07340, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Noé Durán-Figueroa
- Unidad Profesional Interdisciplinaria de Biotecnología, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Av. Acueducto SN, Col. Barrio La Laguna Ticomán, CP. 07340, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Jesus Agustín Badillo-Corona
- Unidad Profesional Interdisciplinaria de Biotecnología, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Av. Acueducto SN, Col. Barrio La Laguna Ticomán, CP. 07340, Mexico City, Mexico.
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30
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Albarracín RM, Becher ML, Farran I, Sander VA, Corigliano MG, Yácono ML, Pariani S, López ES, Veramendi J, Clemente M. The fusion of Toxoplasma gondii SAG1 vaccine candidate to Leishmania infantum heat shock protein 83-kDa improves expression levels in tobacco chloroplasts. Biotechnol J 2015; 10:748-59. [PMID: 25823559 DOI: 10.1002/biot.201400742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2014] [Revised: 02/12/2015] [Accepted: 03/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Chloroplast transformation technology has emerged as an alternative platform offering many advantages over nuclear transformation. SAG1 is the main surface antigen of the intracellular parasite Toxoplasma gondii and a promising candidate to produce an anti-T. gondii vaccine. The aim of this study was to investigate the expression of SAG1 using chloroplast transformation technology in tobacco plants. In order to improve expression in transplastomic plants, we also expressed the 90-kDa heat shock protein of Leishmania infantum (LiHsp83) as a carrier for the SAG1 antigen. SAG1 protein accumulation in transplastomic plants was approximately 0.1-0.2 μg per gram of fresh weight (FW). Fusion of SAG1 to LiHsp83 significantly increased the level of SAG1 accumulation in tobacco chloroplasts (by up to 500-fold). We also evaluated the functionality of the chLiHsp83-SAG1. Three human seropositive samples reacted with SAG1 expressed in transplastomic chLiHsp83-SAG1 plants. Oral immunization with chLiHsp83-SAG1 elicited a significant reduction of the cyst burden that correlated with an increase of SAG1-specific antibodies. We propose the fusion of foreign proteins to LiHsp83 as a novel strategy to increase the expression level of the recombinant proteins using chloroplast transformation technology, thus addressing one of the current challenges for this approach in antigen protein production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romina M Albarracín
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Vegetal, IIB-INTECH, CONICET-UNSAM, Chascomús, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina
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31
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Gangl D, Zedler JAZ, Włodarczyk A, Jensen PE, Purton S, Robinson C. Expression and membrane-targeting of an active plant cytochrome P450 in the chloroplast of the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Phytochemistry 2015; 110:22-8. [PMID: 25556316 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2014.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2014] [Revised: 11/30/2014] [Accepted: 12/03/2014] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The unicellular green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii has potential as a cell factory for the production of recombinant proteins and other compounds, but mainstream adoption has been hindered by a scarcity of genetic tools and a need to identify products that can be generated in a cost-effective manner. A promising strategy is to use algal chloroplasts as a site for synthesis of high value bioactive compounds such as diterpenoids since these are derived from metabolic building blocks that occur naturally within the organelle. However, synthesis of these complex plant metabolites requires the introduction of membrane-associated enzymes including cytochrome P450 enzymes (P450s). Here, we show that a gene (CYP79A1) encoding a model P450 can be introduced into the C. reinhardtii chloroplast genome using a simple transformation system. The gene is stably expressed and the P450 is efficiently targeted into chloroplast membranes by means of its endogenous N-terminal anchor domain, where it is active and accounts for 0.4% of total cell protein. These results provide proof of concept for the introduction of diterpenoid synthesis pathways into the chloroplast of C. reinhardtii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doris Gangl
- Centre for Molecular Processing, School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury CT2 7NJ, United Kingdom
| | - Julie A Z Zedler
- Centre for Molecular Processing, School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury CT2 7NJ, United Kingdom
| | - Artur Włodarczyk
- Copenhagen Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Poul Erik Jensen
- Copenhagen Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Saul Purton
- Institute of Structural & Molecular Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - Colin Robinson
- Centre for Molecular Processing, School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury CT2 7NJ, United Kingdom.
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Ruhlman TA, Rajasekaran K, Cary JW. Expression of chloroperoxidase from Pseudomonas pyrrocinia in tobacco plastids for fungal resistance. Plant Sci 2014; 228:98-106. [PMID: 25438790 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2014.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2013] [Revised: 01/31/2014] [Accepted: 02/19/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The chloroperoxidase (cpo) gene from Pseudomonas pyrrocinia was transformed into the plastid genome (plastome) of Nicotiana tabacum var. Petit Havana and transplastomic lines were compared with a nuclear transformant for the same gene. Southern analysis confirmed integration in the plastome and western blotting confirmed the presence of the chloroperoxidase protein (CPO) in higher abundance in transplastomic plants than in cpo nuclear transformants. Northern analysis of primary plastome transformants for cpo showed 15-fold higher transcript abundance than in the nuclear transformant, yet this extent of enhancement was not observed in western blot, enzyme or bioassay, indicating a bottleneck at the post-transcriptional level. Representative plants from the two transplastomic lines showed resistance to fungal pathogens in vitro (Aspergillus flavus, Fusarium verticillioides, and Verticillium dahliae) and in planta (Alternaria alternata).
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Affiliation(s)
- Tracey A Ruhlman
- USDA, ARS, Southern Regional Research Center, 1100 Robert E. Lee Boulevard, New Orleans, LA 70124-4305, United States.
| | - Kanniah Rajasekaran
- USDA, ARS, Southern Regional Research Center, 1100 Robert E. Lee Boulevard, New Orleans, LA 70124-4305, United States.
| | - Jeffrey W Cary
- USDA, ARS, Southern Regional Research Center, 1100 Robert E. Lee Boulevard, New Orleans, LA 70124-4305, United States.
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Almaraz-Delgado AL, Flores-Uribe J, Pérez-España VH, Salgado-Manjarrez E, Badillo-Corona JA. Production of therapeutic proteins in the chloroplast of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. AMB Express 2014; 4:57. [PMID: 25136510 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-014-0057-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2014] [Accepted: 06/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Chloroplast transformation in the photosynthetic alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii has been used to explore the potential to use it as an inexpensive and easily scalable system for the production of therapeutic recombinant proteins. Diverse proteins, such as bacterial and viral antigens, antibodies and, immunotoxins have been successfully expressed in the chloroplast using endogenous and chimeric promoter sequences. In some cases, proteins have accumulated to high level, demonstrating that this technology could compete with current production platforms. This review focuses on the works that have engineered the chloroplast of C. reinhardtii with the aim of producing recombinant proteins intended for therapeutical use in humans or animals.
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