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Pongracz T, Biewenga M, Stoelinga AEC, Bladergroen MR, Nicolardi S, Trouw LA, Wuhrer M, de Haan N, van Hoek B. Autoimmune hepatitis displays distinctively high multi-antennary sialylation on plasma N-glycans compared to other liver diseases. J Transl Med 2024; 22:456. [PMID: 38745252 PMCID: PMC11092172 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-024-05173-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Changes in plasma protein glycosylation are known to functionally affect proteins and to associate with liver diseases, including cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is a liver disease characterized by liver inflammation and raised serum levels of IgG, and is difficult to distinguish from other liver diseases. The aim of this study was to examine plasma and IgG-specific N-glycosylation in AIH and compare it with healthy controls and other liver diseases. METHODS In this cross-sectional cohort study, total plasma N-glycosylation and IgG Fc glycosylation analysis was performed by mass spectrometry for 66 AIH patients, 60 age- and sex-matched healthy controls, 31 primary biliary cholangitis patients, 10 primary sclerosing cholangitis patients, 30 non-alcoholic fatty liver disease patients and 74 patients with viral or alcoholic hepatitis. A total of 121 glycans were quantified per individual. Associations between glycosylation traits and AIH were investigated as compared to healthy controls and other liver diseases. RESULTS Glycan traits bisection (OR: 3.78 [1.88-9.35], p-value: 5.88 × 10- 3), tetraantennary sialylation per galactose (A4GS) (OR: 2.88 [1.75-5.16], p-value: 1.63 × 10- 3), IgG1 galactosylation (OR: 0.35 [0.2-0.58], p-value: 3.47 × 10- 5) and hybrid type glycans (OR: 2.73 [1.67-4.89], p-value: 2.31 × 10- 3) were found as discriminators between AIH and healthy controls. High A4GS differentiated AIH from other liver diseases, while bisection associated with cirrhosis severity. CONCLUSIONS Compared to other liver diseases, AIH shows distinctively high A4GS levels in plasma, with potential implications on glycoprotein function and clearance. Plasma-derived glycosylation has potential to be used as a diagnostic marker for AIH in the future. This may alleviate the need for a liver biopsy at diagnosis. Glycosidic changes should be investigated further in longitudinal studies and may be used for diagnostic and monitoring purposes in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamas Pongracz
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, Leiden, 2333 ZA, The Netherlands
| | - Maaike Biewenga
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, Leiden, 2333 ZA, The Netherlands
| | - Anna Eva Charlotte Stoelinga
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, Leiden, 2333 ZA, The Netherlands
| | - Marco René Bladergroen
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, Leiden, 2333 ZA, The Netherlands
| | - Simone Nicolardi
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, Leiden, 2333 ZA, The Netherlands
| | - Leendert Adrianus Trouw
- Department Immunology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, Leiden, 2333 ZA, The Netherlands
| | - Manfred Wuhrer
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, Leiden, 2333 ZA, The Netherlands
| | - Noortje de Haan
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, Leiden, 2333 ZA, The Netherlands.
| | - Bart van Hoek
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, Leiden, 2333 ZA, The Netherlands
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Giron LB, Liu Q, Adeniji OS, Yin X, Kannan T, Ding J, Lu DY, Langan S, Zhang J, Azevedo JLLC, Li SH, Shalygin S, Azadi P, Hanna DB, Ofotokun I, Lazar J, Fischl MA, Haberlen S, Macatangay B, Adimora AA, Jamieson BD, Rinaldo C, Merenstein D, Roan NR, Kutsch O, Gange S, Wolinsky S, Witt M, Post WS, Kossenkov A, Landay A, Frank I, Tien PC, Gross R, Brown TT, Abdel-Mohsen M. Plasma Glycomic Markers of Accelerated Biological Aging During Chronic HIV Infection. bioRxiv 2023:2023.08.09.551369. [PMID: 37609144 PMCID: PMC10441429 DOI: 10.1101/2023.08.09.551369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
People with HIV (PWH) experience an increased vulnerability to premature aging and inflammation-associated comorbidities, even when HIV replication is suppressed by antiretroviral therapy (ART). However, the factors that contribute to or are associated with this vulnerability remain uncertain. In the general population, alterations in the glycomes of circulating IgGs trigger inflammation and precede the onset of aging-associated diseases. Here, we investigate the IgG glycomes of cross-sectional and longitudinal samples from 1,216 women and men, both living with virally suppressed HIV and those without HIV. Our glycan-based machine learning models indicate that living with chronic HIV significantly accelerates the accumulation of pro-aging-associated glycomic alterations. Consistently, PWH exhibit heightened expression of senescence-associated glycan-degrading enzymes compared to their controls. These glycomic alterations correlate with elevated markers of inflammatory aging and the severity of comorbidities, potentially preceding the development of such comorbidities. Mechanistically, HIV-specific antibodies glycoengineered with these alterations exhibit reduced anti-HIV IgG-mediated innate immune functions. These findings hold significant potential for the development of glycomic-based biomarkers and tools to identify and prevent premature aging and comorbidities in people living with chronic viral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Qin Liu
- The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - David Y. Lu
- The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| | | | | | | | - Shuk Hang Li
- University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Igho Ofotokun
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jason Lazar
- SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, New York, NY, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Nadia R. Roan
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, USA
- University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Olaf Kutsch
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | | | | | - Mallory Witt
- Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute, Torrance, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Ian Frank
- University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Phyllis C. Tien
- University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Robert Gross
- University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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3
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Feng X, BaiMaYangJin, Mo X, Zhang F, Hu W, Feng Z, Zhang T, Wei L, Lu H. IgG glycomic profiling identifies potential biomarkers for diagnosis of echinococcosis. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2023; 1227:123838. [PMID: 37540936 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2023.123838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023]
Abstract
Echinococcosis caused by larval stage of the genus Echinococcus, is a serious and potentially fatal parasitic zoonosis distributed globally. The two types of the disease in human are cystic echinococcosis (CE) and alveolar echinococcosis (AE). As the biological and encysting characteristics of the parasite, early diagnosis remains to address. In the present study, we demonstrate the value of Immunoglobulin G (IgG) glycome as a potential diagnostic biomarker for echinococcosis. Serum IgG glycome profiles were analyzed by ultra-performance liquid chromatography in a cohort comprised of 127 echinococcosis patients, of them 98 were diagnosed as CE and 29 as AE. IgG N-glycome analysis in pretreatment serum of echinococcosis patients presents 25 glycans and 64 derived traits. Compared with IgG glycans of healthy control group, neutral glycans, fucosylation and agalactosylated N-glycans increased while sialylation and galactosylation decreased in echinococcosis patients. Combined with a machine-learning-based approach, we built three biomarker combinations to distinguish CE, AE and healthy controls. Meanwhile, galactosylation, sialylation and A2BG2S1 in IgG glycan profiles were evidently associated with different types of CE (from CE1 to CE5). Our findings suggest that the alterations in IgG N-glycome may be of value in CE and AE diagnosis and follow-up CE disease progress. The role of IgG N-glycans as diagnostic biomarker remains to be verified in future study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxiao Feng
- The Fifth People's Hospital of Shanghai, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Cancer Center, Department of Chemistry & NHC Key Laboratory of Glycoconjugates Research, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - BaiMaYangJin
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Echinococcosis Prevention and Control, Xizang Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Lhasa 850000, Tibet Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaojin Mo
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research), NHC Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, WHO Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases, National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Shanghai 200025, People's Republic of China
| | - Fangyan Zhang
- Waters Technologies, Pudong New District, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Hu
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research), NHC Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, WHO Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases, National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Shanghai 200025, People's Republic of China
| | - Zheng Feng
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research), NHC Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, WHO Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases, National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Shanghai 200025, People's Republic of China
| | - Ting Zhang
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Echinococcosis Prevention and Control, Xizang Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Lhasa 850000, Tibet Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China; National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research), NHC Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, WHO Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases, National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Shanghai 200025, People's Republic of China.
| | - Liming Wei
- The Fifth People's Hospital of Shanghai, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Cancer Center, Department of Chemistry & NHC Key Laboratory of Glycoconjugates Research, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China.
| | - Haojie Lu
- The Fifth People's Hospital of Shanghai, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Cancer Center, Department of Chemistry & NHC Key Laboratory of Glycoconjugates Research, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China.
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4
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Somers N, Vandekerckhove E, Geerts A, Degroote H, Lefere S, Devisscher L, Meuris L, Callewaert N, Van Vlierberghe H, Verhelst X. Glycomics-based serum markers as reliable tool for assessment of viral response after treatment with direct-acting antiviral drugs in hepatitis C virus infection. Acta Clin Belg 2023; 78:96-102. [PMID: 35505274 DOI: 10.1080/17843286.2022.2072110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Patients with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection have a genuine risk of developing liver fibrosis and cirrhosis, potentially resulting in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), a risk that remains even after sustained viral response (SVR). Glycomics-based biomarkers are an attractive tool to closely monitor these patients during and after antiviral treatment, as alterations in the abundance of N-glycans reflect an altered state of the liver. This study assessed serum glycomics for the evaluation of inflammation-related fibrosis regression during and after treatment of HCV with DAAs. METHODS The GlycoFibroTest and GlycoCirrhoTest were analyzed in the sera 36 HCV-infected patients with advanced fibrosis (F3) or established cirrhosis (F4), before (week 0), during (week 12) and after (week 24) a twelve-week oral administration of DAAs therapy - using an optimized glycomic technology on a DNA sequencer. RESULTS All patients achieved SVR after treatment and two of them developed HCC in the subsequent five years. A significant decrease of the GlycoFibroTest (p < 0.0001) was seen after 12 weeks, consistent with other measured biomarkers (APRI, FIB-4, FibroTest). Statistical analysis was performed in IBM SPSS Statistics version 28.0, using the non-parametric Friedman's test with a statistical significance α level of 0.05. CONCLUSION This study suggests that the GlycoFibroTest is a serum biomarker for viral response in HCV patients. The rapid decrease of the glycomics-based biomarker probably reflects the amelioration of liver inflammation as underlying process, rather than the improvement of liver fibrosis itself.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicky Somers
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium.,Hepatology Research Unit, Liver Research Center Ghent, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Elisabeth Vandekerckhove
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium.,Hepatology Research Unit, Liver Research Center Ghent, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Anja Geerts
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium.,Hepatology Research Unit, Liver Research Center Ghent, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Helena Degroote
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium.,Hepatology Research Unit, Liver Research Center Ghent, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sander Lefere
- Hepatology Research Unit, Liver Research Center Ghent, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,Immunopharmacology Unit, Department of Basic and Applied Medical Sciences; Liver Research Center Ghent, Ghent UniversityGut-Liver, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Lindsey Devisscher
- Immunopharmacology Unit, Department of Basic and Applied Medical Sciences; Liver Research Center Ghent, Ghent UniversityGut-Liver, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Leander Meuris
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, VIB-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Nico Callewaert
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, VIB-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Hans Van Vlierberghe
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium.,Hepatology Research Unit, Liver Research Center Ghent, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Xavier Verhelst
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium.,Hepatology Research Unit, Liver Research Center Ghent, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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5
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Hayashi Y, Yimiti D, Sanada Y, Ding C, Omoto T, Ogura T, Nakasa T, Ishikawa M, Hiemori K, Tateno H, Miyaki S, Adachi N. The therapeutic capacity of bone marrow MSC-derived extracellular vesicles in Achilles tendon healing is passage dependent and indicated by specific glycans. FEBS Lett 2022; 596:1047-1058. [PMID: 35294042 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The therapeutic potential of mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) for various diseases and tissue repair is attracting attention. Here, EVs from conditioned medium of human bone marrow MSCs at passage 5 (P5) and 12 (P12) were analyzed using mouse Achilles tendon rupture model and lectin microarray. P5 MSC-EVs accelerated Achilles tendon healing compared with P12 MSC-EVs. Fucose-specific lectin TJA-II was indicated as a glycan marker for therapeutic MSC-EVs. The present study demonstrated that early passaged MSC-EVs promote Achilles tendon healing compared with senescent MSC-EVs. Glycans on MSC-EVs might provide useful tools to establish a quality control and isolation system for therapeutic MSC-EVs in regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuta Hayashi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan.,Department of Musculoskeletal Traumatology and Reconstructive surgery, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Dilimulati Yimiti
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Yohei Sanada
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan.,Medical Center for Translational and Clinical Research, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Chenyang Ding
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Takenori Omoto
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Toshihiko Ogura
- Health and Medical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Nakasa
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan.,Medical Center for Translational and Clinical Research, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Masakazu Ishikawa
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan.,Department of Artificial Joints and Biomaterials, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Keiko Hiemori
- Cellular and Molecular Biotechnology Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Tateno
- Cellular and Molecular Biotechnology Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Shigeru Miyaki
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan.,Medical Center for Translational and Clinical Research, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Nobuo Adachi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
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Aoki-Kinoshita KF. Functions of Glycosylation and Related Web Resources for Its Prediction. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2499:135-144. [PMID: 35696078 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2317-6_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Glycosylation involves the attachment of carbohydrate sugar chains, or glycans, onto an amino acid residue of a protein. These glycans are often branched structures and serve to modulate the function of proteins. Glycans are synthesized through a complex process of enzymatic reactions that occur in the Golgi apparatus in mammalian systems. Because there is currently no sequencer for glycans, technologies such as mass spectrometry is used to characterize glycans in a biological sample to ascertain its glycome. This is a tedious process that requires high levels of expertise and equipment. Thus, the enzymes that work on glycans, called glycogenes or glycoenzymes, have been studied to better understand glycan function. With the development of glycan-related databases and a glycan repository, bioinformatics approaches have attempted to predict the glycosylation pathway and the glycosylation sites on proteins. This chapter introduces these methods and related Web resources for understanding glycan function.
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7
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Martinez-Morales P, Morán Cruz I, Roa-de la Cruz L, Maycotte P, Reyes Salinas JS, Vazquez Zamora VJ, Gutierrez Quiroz CT, Montiel-Jarquin AJ, Vallejo-Ruiz V. Hallmarks of glycogene expression and glycosylation pathways in squamous and adenocarcinoma cervical cancer. PeerJ 2021; 9:e12081. [PMID: 34540372 PMCID: PMC8415283 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.12081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Dysregulation of glycogene expression in cancer can lead to aberrant glycan expression, which can promote tumorigenesis. Cervical cancer (CC) displays an increased expression of glycogenes involved in sialylation and sialylated glycans. Here, we show a comprehensive analysis of glycogene expression in CC to identify glycogene expression signatures and the possible glycosylation pathways altered. Methods First, we performed a microarray expression assay to compare glycogene expression changes between normal and cervical cancer tissues. Second, we used 401 glycogenes to analyze glycogene expression in adenocarcinoma and squamous carcinoma from RNA-seq data at the cBioPortal for Cancer Genomics. Results The analysis of the microarray expression assay indicated that CC displayed an increase in glycogenes related to GPI-anchored biosynthesis and a decrease in genes associated with chondroitin and dermatan sulfate with respect to normal tissue. Also, the glycogene analysis of CC samples by the RNA-seq showed that the glycogenes involved in the chondroitin and dermatan sulfate pathway were downregulated. Interestingly the adenocarcinoma tumors displayed a unique glycogene expression signature compared to squamous cancer that shows heterogeneous glycogene expression divided into six types. Squamous carcinoma type 5 (SCC-5) showed increased expression of genes implicated in keratan and heparan sulfate synthesis, glycosaminoglycan degradation, ganglio, and globo glycosphingolipid synthesis was related to poorly differentiated tumors and poor survival. Squamous carcinoma type 6 (SCC-6) displayed an increased expression of genes involved in chondroitin/dermatan sulfate synthesis and lacto and neolacto glycosphingolipid synthesis and was associated with nonkeratinizing squamous cancer and good survival. In summary, our study showed that CC tumors are not a uniform entity, and their glycome signatures could be related to different clinicopathological characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Martinez-Morales
- CONACYT-Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Oriente, Mexican Institute of Social Security, Metepec, Puebla, México
| | - Irene Morán Cruz
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Oriente, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Metepec, Puebla, México
| | - Lorena Roa-de la Cruz
- Department of Biological Chemical Sciences, Universidad de las Américas-Puebla, San Andrés Cholula, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Paola Maycotte
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Oriente, Laboratory of Cell Biology, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Metepec, Puebla, México
| | - Juan Salvador Reyes Salinas
- Hospital de especialidades, General Manuel Ávila Camacho, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Puebla, Puebla, México
| | - Victor Javier Vazquez Zamora
- Hospital de especialidades, General Manuel Ávila Camacho, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Puebla, Puebla, México
| | | | - Alvaro Jose Montiel-Jarquin
- Hospital de especialidades, General Manuel Ávila Camacho, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Puebla, Puebla, México
| | - Verónica Vallejo-Ruiz
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Oriente, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Metepec, Puebla, México
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8
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Sela I, Goss V, Becker-Cohen M, Dell A, Haslam SM, Mitrani-Rosenbaum S. The glycomic sialylation profile of GNE Myopathy muscle cells does not point to consistent hyposialylation of individual glycoconjugates. Neuromuscul Disord 2020; 30:621-30. [PMID: 32736841 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2020.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
GNE Myopathy is a recessive neuromuscular disorder characterized by adult-onset, slowly progressive distal and proximal muscle weakness, and a typical muscle pathology. Although GNE, which is the mutated gene in the disease, is well known as the key enzyme in the biosynthesis pathway of sialic acid, the pathophysiological pathway leading from GNE mutations to the muscle phenotype in GNE Myopathy is still unclear. The obvious hypothesis of impaired sialylation in patients' skeletal muscle as the cause of the disease is still controversial. In the present study we have investigated whether a distinctive altered pattern of sialylation in GNE Myopathy cultured muscle cells could be attributed to a specific glycoconjugate. Mass spectrometry based glycomic methodologies have been utilized to assess the sialylation level of protein N- and O-linked glycans and glycolipid derived glycans from patient and matched control samples. No consistent change in sialylation was detected in glycoconjugates. These results suggest potential additional roles for GNE that could account for the disease pathology.
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9
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Westreich ST, Salcedo J, Durbin-Johnson B, Smilowitz JT, Korf I, Mills DA, Barile D, Lemay DG. Fecal metatranscriptomics and glycomics suggest that bovine milk oligosaccharides are fully utilized by healthy adults. J Nutr Biochem 2020; 79:108340. [PMID: 32028108 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2020.108340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Revised: 01/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Human milk oligosaccharides play a vital role in the development of the gut microbiome in the human infant. Although oligosaccharides derived from bovine milk (BMO) differ in content and profile with those derived from human milk (HMO), several oligosaccharide structures are shared between the species. BMO are commercial alternatives to HMO, but their fate in the digestive tract of healthy adult consumers is unknown. Healthy human subjects consumed two BMO doses over 11-day periods each and provided fecal samples. Metatranscriptomics of fecal samples were conducted to determine microbial and host gene expression in response to the supplement. Fecal samples were also analyzed by mass spectrometry to determine levels of undigested BMO. No changes were observed in microbial gene expression across all participants. Repeated sampling enabled subject-specific analyses: four of six participants had minor, yet statistically significant, changes in microbial gene expression. No significant change was observed in the gene expression of host cells exfoliated in stool. Levels of BMO excreted in feces after supplementation were not significantly different from baseline and were not correlated with dosage or expressed microbial enzyme levels. Collectively, these data suggest that BMO are fully fermented in the human gastrointestinal tract upstream of the distal colon. Additionally, the unaltered host transcriptome provides further evidence for the safety of BMO as a dietary supplement or food ingredient. Further research is needed to investigate potential health benefits of this completely fermentable prebiotic that naturally occurs in cow's milk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel T Westreich
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California-Davis, Davis, California, United States; Genome Center, University of California-Davis, Davis, California, United States.
| | - Jaime Salcedo
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California-Davis, Davis, California, United States.
| | | | - Jennifer T Smilowitz
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California-Davis, Davis, California, United States; Foods for Health Institute, University of California, Davis, California, United States.
| | - Ian Korf
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California-Davis, Davis, California, United States; Genome Center, University of California-Davis, Davis, California, United States.
| | - David A Mills
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California-Davis, Davis, California, United States; Foods for Health Institute, University of California, Davis, California, United States.
| | - Daniela Barile
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California-Davis, Davis, California, United States; Foods for Health Institute, University of California, Davis, California, United States.
| | - Danielle G Lemay
- Genome Center, University of California-Davis, Davis, California, United States; Foods for Health Institute, University of California, Davis, California, United States; USDA ARS Western Human Nutrition Research Center, Davis, California, United States.
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Verhelst X, Dias AM, Colombel JF, Vermeire S, Van Vlierberghe H, Callewaert N, Pinho SS. Protein Glycosylation as a Diagnostic and Prognostic Marker of Chronic Inflammatory Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases. Gastroenterology 2020; 158:95-110. [PMID: 31626754 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2019.08.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Revised: 08/03/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Glycans are sequences of carbohydrates that are added to proteins or lipids to modulate their structure and function. Glycans modify proteins required for regulation of immune cells, and alterations have been associated with inflammatory conditions. For example, specific glycans regulate T-cell activation, structures, and functions of immunoglobulins; interactions between microbes and immune and epithelial cells; and malignant transformation in the intestine and liver. We review the effects of protein glycosylation in regulation of gastrointestinal and liver functions, and how alterations in glycosylation serve as diagnostic or prognostic factors, or as targets for therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Verhelst
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Ana M Dias
- Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; Institute for Research and Innovation in Health, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | | | - Severine Vermeire
- Translational Research in Gastrointestinal Disorders, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospitals Leuven, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Hans Van Vlierberghe
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Nico Callewaert
- Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology, Gent, Belgium
| | - Salomé S Pinho
- Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; Institute for Research and Innovation in Health, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; Medical Faculty, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
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11
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Link-Lenczowski P, Jastrzębska M, Chwalenia K, Pierzchalska M, Leja-Szpak A, Bonior J, Pierzchalski P, Jaworek J. A switch of N-glycosylation of proteome and secretome during differentiation of intestinal epithelial cells. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Res 2019; 1866:118555. [PMID: 31499077 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2019.118555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Revised: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The maintenance of homeostasis of the intestinal epithelium depends on the complex process of epithelial cells differentiation, which repeatedly continues throughout the entire life. Many studies suggest, that cellular differentiation is regulated by glycosylation, or at least that changes of the latter are the hallmark of the process. The detailed description and understanding of this relationship are important in the context of gastrointestinal tract disease, including cancer. Here we employ a broadly used in vitro model of intestinal cell differentiation to track the glycosylation changes in details. We analyzed the glycoproteome- and glycosecretome-derived N-glycomes of undifferentiated Caco-2 adenocarcinoma cells and Caco-2-derived enterocyte-like cells. We used HILIC-HPLC and MALDI-ToF-MS approach together with exoglycosidases digestions to describe qualitative and quantitative N-glycosylation changes upon differentiation. Derived glycan traits analysis revealed, that differentiation results in substantial upregulation of sialylation of glycoproteome and increment of fucosylation within glycosecretome. This was also clearly visible when we analyzed the abundances of individual glycan species. Moreover, we observed the characteristic shift within oligomannose N-glycans, suggesting the augmentation of mannose trimming, resulting in downregulation of H8N2 and upregulation of H5N2 glycan. This was supported by elevated expression of Golgi alpha-mannosidases (especially MAN1C1). We hypothesize, that intensified mannose trimming at the initial steps of N-glycosylation pathway during differentiation, together with the remodeling of the expression of key glycosyltransferases leads to increased diversity of N-glycans and enhanced fucosylation and sialylation of complex structures. Finally, we propose H4N5F1 glycan as a potential biomarker of intestinal epithelial cell differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paweł Link-Lenczowski
- Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland.
| | - Martyna Jastrzębska
- Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Chwalenia
- Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland; Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Małgorzata Pierzchalska
- Department of Food Biotechnology, Faculty of Food Technology, The University of Agriculture in Kraków, Kraków, Poland
| | - Anna Leja-Szpak
- Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Joanna Bonior
- Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Piotr Pierzchalski
- Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Jolanta Jaworek
- Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
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12
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Sukhorukov V, Gudelj I, Pučić-Baković M, Zakiev E, Orekhov A, Kontush A, Lauc G. Glycosylation of human plasma lipoproteins reveals a high level of diversity, which directly impacts their functional properties. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2019; 1864:643-653. [PMID: 30641224 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2019.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Revised: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Human plasma lipoproteins are known to contain various glycan structures whose composition and functional importance are starting to be recognized. We assessed N-glycosylation of human plasma HDL and LDL and the role of their glycomes in cellular cholesterol metabolism. METHODS N-glycomic profiles of native and neuraminidase-treated HDL and LDL were obtained using HILIC-UHPLC-FLD. Relative abundance of the individual chromatographic peaks was quantitatively expressed as a percentage of total integrated area and N-glycan structures present in each peak were elucidated by MALDI-TOF MS. The capacity of HDL to mediate cellular efflux of cholesterol and the capacity of LDL to induce cellular accumulation of cholesteryl esters were evaluated in THP-1 cells. RESULTS HILIC-UHPLC-FLD analysis of HDL and LDL N-glycans released by PNGase F resulted in 22 and 18 distinct chromatographic peaks, respectively. The majority of N-glycans present in HDL (~70%) and LDL (~60%) were sialylated with one or two sialic acid residues. The most abundant N-glycan structure in both HDL and LDL was a complex type biantennary N-glycan with one sialic acid (A2G2S1). Relative abundances of several N-glycan structures were dramatically altered by the neuraminidase treatment, which selectively removed sialic acid residues. Native HDL displayed significantly greater efficacy in removing cellular cholesterol from THP-1 cells as compared to desialylated HDL (p < 0.05). Cellular accumulation of cholesteryl esters in THP-1 cells was significantly higher after incubations with desialylated LDL particles as compared to native LDL (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS N-glycome of human plasma lipoproteins reveals a high level of diversity, which directly impacts functional properties of the lipoproteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasily Sukhorukov
- Laboratory of Angiopathology, Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, 125315 Moscow, Russia; National Institute for Health and Medical Research (INSERM), UMR 1166 ICAN, Paris F-75013, France; Sorbonne University, Paris F-75013, France; AP-HP, Groupe hospitalier Pitié-Salpétrière, Paris F-75013, France; Federal State Budget Institution of Sciences Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilova Str., 34/5, Moscow 119334, Russia
| | - Ivan Gudelj
- Genos Glycoscience Research Laboratory, Borongajska cesta 83H, HR-10 000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Maja Pučić-Baković
- Genos Glycoscience Research Laboratory, Borongajska cesta 83H, HR-10 000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Emile Zakiev
- Laboratory of Angiopathology, Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, 125315 Moscow, Russia; National Institute for Health and Medical Research (INSERM), UMR 1166 ICAN, Paris F-75013, France; Sorbonne University, Paris F-75013, France; AP-HP, Groupe hospitalier Pitié-Salpétrière, Paris F-75013, France; Federal State Budget Institution of Sciences Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilova Str., 34/5, Moscow 119334, Russia
| | - Alexander Orekhov
- Laboratory of Angiopathology, Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, 125315 Moscow, Russia; Institute for Atherosclerosis Research, Skolkovo Innovative Center, 121609 Moscow, Russia
| | - Anatol Kontush
- National Institute for Health and Medical Research (INSERM), UMR 1166 ICAN, Paris F-75013, France; Sorbonne University, Paris F-75013, France; AP-HP, Groupe hospitalier Pitié-Salpétrière, Paris F-75013, France.
| | - Gordan Lauc
- Genos Glycoscience Research Laboratory, Borongajska cesta 83H, HR-10 000 Zagreb, Croatia
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13
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Link-Lenczowski P, Bubka M, Balog CIA, Koeleman CAM, Butters TD, Wuhrer M, Lityńska A. The glycomic effect of N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase III overexpression in metastatic melanoma cells. GnT-III modifies highly branched N-glycans. Glycoconj J 2018; 35:217-231. [PMID: 29502191 PMCID: PMC5916991 DOI: 10.1007/s10719-018-9814-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Revised: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase III (GnT-III) is known to catalyze N-glycan "bisection" and thereby modulate the formation of highly branched complex structures within the Golgi apparatus. While active, it inhibits the action of other GlcNAc transferases such as GnT-IV and GnT-V. Moreover, GnT-III is considered as an inhibitor of the metastatic potential of cancer cells both in vitro and in vivo. However, the effects of GnT-III may be more diverse and depend on the cellular context. We describe the detailed glycomic analysis of the effect of GnT-III overexpression in WM266-4-GnT-III metastatic melanoma cells. We used MALDI-TOF and ESI-ion-trap-MS/MS together with HILIC-HPLC of 2-AA labeled N-glycans to study the N-glycome of membrane-attached and secreted proteins. We found that the overexpression of GnT-III in melanoma leads to the modification of a broad range of N-glycan types by the introduction of the "bisecting" GlcNAc residue with highly branched complex structures among them. The presence of these unusual complex N-glycans resulted in stronger interactions of cellular glycoproteins with the PHA-L. Based on the data presented here we conclude that elevated activity of GnT-III in cancer cells does not necessarily lead to a total abrogation of the formation of highly branched glycans. In addition, the modification of pre-existing N-glycans by the introduction of "bisecting" GlcNAc can modulate their capacity to interact with carbohydrate-binding proteins such as plant lectins. Our results suggest further studies on the biological function of "bisected" oligosaccharides in cancer cell biology and their interactions with carbohydrate-binding proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paweł Link-Lenczowski
- Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Michałowskiego 12, 31-126, Kraków, Poland.
- Department of Glycoconjugate Biochemistry, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland.
| | - Monika Bubka
- Department of Glycoconjugate Biochemistry, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Crina I A Balog
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Carolien A M Koeleman
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - Manfred Wuhrer
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Anna Lityńska
- Department of Glycoconjugate Biochemistry, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
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14
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Hykollari A, Malzl D, Yan S, Wilson IBH, Paschinger K. Hydrophilic interaction anion exchange for separation of multiply modified neutral and anionic Dictyostelium N-glycans. Electrophoresis 2017; 38:2175-2183. [PMID: 28556908 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201700073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Revised: 05/19/2017] [Accepted: 05/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The unusual nature of the N-glycans of the cellular slime mould Dictyostelium discoideum has been revealed by a number of studies, primarily based on examination of radiolabeled glycopeptides but more recently also by MS. The complexity of the N-glycomes of even glycosylation mutants is compounded by the occurrence of anionic modifications, which also present an analytical challenge. In this study, we have employed hydrophilic interaction anion exchange (HIAX) HPLC in combination with MALDI-TOF MS/MS to explore the anionic N-glycome of the M31 (modA) strain, which lacks endoplasmic reticulum α-glucosidase II, an enzyme conserved in most eukaryotes including Homo sapiens. Prefractionation with HIAX chromatography enabled the identification of N-glycans with unusual oligo-α1,2-mannose extensions as well as others with up to four anionic modifications. Due to the use of hydrofluoric acid treatment, we were able to discriminate isobaric glycans differing in the presence of sulphate or phosphate on intersected structures as opposed to those carrying GlcNAc-phosphodiesters. The latter represent biosynthetic intermediates during the pathway leading to formation of the methylphosphorylated mannose epitope, which may have a similar function in intracellular targeting of hydrolases as the mannose-6-phosphate modification of lysosomal enzymes in mammals. In conclusion, HIAX in combination with MS is a highly sensitive approach for both fine separation and definition of neutral and anionic N-glycan structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alba Hykollari
- Department für Chemie, Universität für Bodenkultur, Wien, Austria
| | - Daniel Malzl
- Department für Chemie, Universität für Bodenkultur, Wien, Austria
| | - Shi Yan
- Department für Chemie, Universität für Bodenkultur, Wien, Austria
| | - Iain B H Wilson
- Department für Chemie, Universität für Bodenkultur, Wien, Austria
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15
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Abstract
N-glycans from invertebrates and protists have often unusual structures which present analytical challenges. Both core and antennal modifications can be quite different from the more familiar vertebrate glycan motifs; thereby, contrary to the concept that "simple" organisms have "simple" N-glycans, rather complex oligosaccharides structures, including zwitterionic and anionic ones, have been found in a range of species. Thus, to facilitate the optimized elucidation of the maximal possible range of structures, the analytical workflow for glycomics of these organisms should include sequential release and fractionation steps. Peptide:N-glycosidase F is sufficient to isolate N-glycans from fungi and some protists, but in most invertebrates core α1,3-fucose is present, so release of the glycans from glycopeptides with peptide:N-glycosidases A is required. Subsequent solid-phase extraction with graphitized carbon and reversed phase resins enables different classes of N-glycans to be separated prior to high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). Depending on the types and numbers of glycans present, either reversed- or normal-phase HPLC (or both in series) enable even single isomeric or isobaric structures to be separated prior to MALDI-TOF MS and MS/MS. The use of enzymatic or chemical treatments allows further insights to be gained, although some glycan modifications (especially methylation) are resistant. Using a battery of methods, sometimes up to 100 structures from a single organism can be assigned, a complexity which raises evolutionary questions regarding the function of these glycans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alba Hykollari
- Department für Chemie, Universität für Bodenkultur, Muthgasse 18, 1190, Vienna, Austria
| | - Katharina Paschinger
- Department für Chemie, Universität für Bodenkultur, Muthgasse 18, 1190, Vienna, Austria
| | - Barbara Eckmair
- Department für Chemie, Universität für Bodenkultur, Muthgasse 18, 1190, Vienna, Austria
| | - Iain B H Wilson
- Department für Chemie, Universität für Bodenkultur, Muthgasse 18, 1190, Vienna, Austria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srividya Venkitachalam
- Division of General Medical Sciences-Oncology, Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH-44106 U.S.A
| | - Kishore Guda
- Division of General Medical Sciences-Oncology, Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH-44106 U.S.A
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17
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Abstract
Inactivating mutations in single genes can trigger, prevent, promote, or alleviate diseases. Identifying such disease-related genes is a main pillar of medical research. Since proteins play a crucial role in mediating these effects, their impact on the diseased cells' proteome including posttranslational modifications has to be elucidated for a detailed understanding of the role of these genes in the disease process. In complex disorders, like cancer, several genes contribute to the disease process, thereby hampering the assignment of a proteomic change to the corresponding causative gene. To enable comprehensive screening for the impact of inactivation of a gene, e.g., loss of a tumor suppressor in cancer, on the cellular proteome, we present a strategy based on combination of three technologies that is recombinase-mediated cassette exchange, click chemistry, and mass spectrometry. The methodology is exemplified by the analysis of the proteomic changes induced by the loss of a tumor suppressor gene in colorectal cancer cells. To demonstrate the applicability to screen for posttranslational modification changes, we also describe the analysis of protein glycosylation changes caused by the tumor suppressor inactivation. In principle, this strategy can be applied to analyze the effects of any gene of interest on protein expression as well as posttranslational modification by glycosylation. Moreover adaptation of the strategy to an appropriate cell culture model has the potential for application on a broad range of diseases where the disease-promoting mutations have been identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Gebert
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; Cancer Early Detection, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - M Schnölzer
- Functional Proteome Analysis, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - U Warnken
- Functional Proteome Analysis, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - J Kopitz
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; Cancer Early Detection, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.
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18
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Milutinovic B, Mitic N, Roncevic J, Goc S, Jankovic M. Glycome complexity of human seminal plasma high molecular mass components: Evaluation of the contribution of acid-soluble glycoproteins/mucins and extracellular vesicles. Arch Biochem Biophys 2016; 609:20-30. [PMID: 27639309 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2016.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2016] [Revised: 08/15/2016] [Accepted: 09/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
This study was aimed at evaluation of the contribution of acid-soluble glycoproteins (ASG)/mucins and extracellular vesicles (EVs), yet unexplored components of human seminal plasma (hSP) to the complexity of its glycome. Gaining insight into the native presentation and distribution of glycans across hSP could help establish molecular environments supporting specific biological activities based on unique ligand capacities. Soluble and particulate fractions of hSP from healthy subjects were analyzed by gel filtration, electrophoresis, ion-exchange chromatography and a solid phase assay with immobilized charge-resolved glycospecies to test their reactivity with plant lectins, carbohydrate-binding antibodies and selected human lectins. Common O- and N-glycosylated species were detected on mixed or overlapped underlying protein scaffolds in both soluble and particulate fractions of hSP. Siaα2,6Gal and N-glycans were concentrated on EVs, whereas Siaα2,3Gal, T and Tn antigens were selectively associated with distinct glycospecies of ASG/mucins. Accessible ligands for the lectins, DC-SIGN and Siglec-9, were detected in all hSP components, but they preferentially bound to EVs glycospecies. Insight into the complexity of hSP glycans as recognition signals under normal physiological conditions could be of interest for regulation and possible modulation of its biological activity, as well as for biomarker potential related to male health.
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Gabius HJ, Manning JC, Kopitz J, André S, Kaltner H. Sweet complementarity: the functional pairing of glycans with lectins. Cell Mol Life Sci 2016; 73:1989-2016. [PMID: 26956894 PMCID: PMC11108359 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-016-2163-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2015] [Revised: 02/08/2016] [Accepted: 02/09/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Carbohydrates establish the third alphabet of life. As part of cellular glycoconjugates, the glycans generate a multitude of signals in a minimum of space. The presence of distinct glycotopes and the glycome diversity are mapped by sugar receptors (antibodies and lectins). Endogenous (tissue) lectins can read the sugar-encoded information and translate it into functional aspects of cell sociology. Illustrated by instructive examples, each glycan has its own ligand properties. Lectins with different folds can converge to target the same epitope, while intrafamily diversification enables functional cooperation and antagonism. The emerging evidence for the concept of a network calls for a detailed fingerprinting. Due to the high degree of plasticity and dynamics of the display of genes for lectins the validity of extrapolations between different organisms of the phylogenetic tree yet is inevitably limited.
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Affiliation(s)
- H-J Gabius
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Veterinärstr. 13, 80539, Munich, Germany.
| | - J C Manning
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Veterinärstr. 13, 80539, Munich, Germany
| | - J Kopitz
- Institute of Pathology, Department of Applied Tumor Biology, Ruprecht-Karls-University Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 224, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - S André
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Veterinärstr. 13, 80539, Munich, Germany
| | - H Kaltner
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Veterinärstr. 13, 80539, Munich, Germany
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Gizaw ST, Ohashi T, Tanaka M, Hinou H, Nishimura SI. Glycoblotting method allows for rapid and efficient glycome profiling of human Alzheimer's disease brain, serum and cerebrospinal fluid towards potential biomarker discovery. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2016; 1860:1716-27. [PMID: 26968461 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2016.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2016] [Revised: 03/04/2016] [Accepted: 03/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Understanding of the significance of posttranslational glycosylation in Alzheimer's disease (AD) is of growing importance for the investigation of the pathogenesis of AD as well as discovery research of the disease-specific serum biomarkers. METHODS We designed a standard protocol for the glycoblotting combined with MALDI-TOFMS to perform rapid and quantitative profiling of the glycan parts of glycoproteins (N-glycans) and glycosphingolipids (GSLs) using human AD's post-mortem samples such as brain tissues (dissected cerebral cortices such as frontal, parietal, occipital, and temporal domains), serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). RESULTS The structural profiles of the major N-glycans released from glycoproteins and the total expression levels of the glycans were found to be mostly similar between the brain tissues of the AD patients and those of the normal control group. In contrast, the expression levels of the serum and CSF protein N-glycans such as bisect-type and multiply branched glycoforms were increased significantly in AD patient group. In addition, the levels of some gangliosides such as GM1, GM2 and GM3 appeared to alter in the AD patient brain and serum samples when compared with the normal control groups. CONCLUSION Alteration of the expression levels of major N- and GSL-glycans in human brain tissues, serum and CSF of AD patients can be monitored quantitatively by means of the glycoblotting-based standard protocols. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE The changes in the expression levels of the glycans derived from the human post-mortem samples uncovered by the standardized glycoblotting method provides potential serum biomarkers in central nervous system disorders and can contribute to the insight into the molecular mechanisms in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases and future drug discovery. Most importantly, the present preliminary trials using human post-mortem samples of AD patients suggest that large-scale serum glycomics cohort by means of various-types of human AD patients as well as the normal control sera can facilitate the discovery research of highly sensitive and reliable serum biomarkers for an early diagnosis of AD. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled "Glycans in personalised medicine" Guest Editor: Professor Gordan Lauc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solomon T Gizaw
- Field of Drug Discovery Research, Faculty of Advanced Life Science and Graduate School of Life Science, Hokkaido University, N21 W11, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan
| | - Tetsu Ohashi
- Medicinal Chemistry Pharmaceuticals, Co., Ltd, N21 W12, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan
| | - Masakazu Tanaka
- Medicinal Chemistry Pharmaceuticals, Co., Ltd, N21 W12, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Hinou
- Field of Drug Discovery Research, Faculty of Advanced Life Science and Graduate School of Life Science, Hokkaido University, N21 W11, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan; Medicinal Chemistry Pharmaceuticals, Co., Ltd, N21 W12, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichiro Nishimura
- Field of Drug Discovery Research, Faculty of Advanced Life Science and Graduate School of Life Science, Hokkaido University, N21 W11, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan; Medicinal Chemistry Pharmaceuticals, Co., Ltd, N21 W12, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan.
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21
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Mereiter S, Magalhães A, Adamczyk B, Jin C, Almeida A, Drici L, Ibáñez-Vea M, Gomes C, Ferreira JA, Afonso LP, Santos LL, Larsen MR, Kolarich D, Karlsson NG, Reis CA. Glycomic analysis of gastric carcinoma cells discloses glycans as modulators of RON receptor tyrosine kinase activation in cancer. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2015; 1860:1795-808. [PMID: 26721331 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2015.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2015] [Revised: 12/18/2015] [Accepted: 12/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Terminal α2-3 and α2-6 sialylation of glycans precludes further chain elongation, leading to the biosynthesis of cancer relevant epitopes such as sialyl-Lewis X (SLe(X)). SLe(X) overexpression is associated with tumor aggressive phenotype and patients' poor prognosis. METHODS MKN45 gastric carcinoma cells transfected with the sialyltransferase ST3GAL4 were established as a model overexpressing sialylated terminal glycans. We have evaluated at the structural level the glycome and the sialoproteome of this gastric cancer cell line applying liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry. We further validated an identified target expression by proximity ligation assay in gastric tumors. RESULTS Our results showed that ST3GAL4 overexpression leads to several glycosylation alterations, including reduced O-glycan extension and decreased bisected and increased branched N-glycans. A shift from α2-6 towards α2-3 linked sialylated N-glycans was also observed. Sialoproteomic analysis further identified 47 proteins with significantly increased sialylated N-glycans. These included integrins, insulin receptor, carcinoembryonic antigens and RON receptor tyrosine kinase, which are proteins known to be key players in malignancy. Further analysis of RON confirmed its modification with SLe(X) and the concomitant activation. SLe(X) and RON co-expression was validated in gastric tumors. CONCLUSION The overexpression of ST3GAL4 interferes with the overall glycophenotype of cancer cells affecting a multitude of key proteins involved in malignancy. Aberrant glycosylation of the RON receptor was shown as an alternative mechanism of oncogenic activation. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE This study provides novel targets and points to an integrative tumor glycomic/proteomic-profiling for gastric cancer patients' stratification. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled "Glycans in personalised medicine" Guest Editor: Professor Gordan Lauc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Mereiter
- I3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, University of Porto, Portugal; Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto - IPATIMUP, Porto, Portugal; Institute of Biomedical Sciences of Abel Salazar - ICBAS, University of Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Magalhães
- I3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, University of Porto, Portugal; Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto - IPATIMUP, Porto, Portugal
| | - Barbara Adamczyk
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Chunsheng Jin
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Andreia Almeida
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, 14424 Potsdam, Germany; Free University Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lylia Drici
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Maria Ibáñez-Vea
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Catarina Gomes
- I3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, University of Porto, Portugal; Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto - IPATIMUP, Porto, Portugal
| | - José A Ferreira
- I3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, University of Porto, Portugal; Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto - IPATIMUP, Porto, Portugal; Experimental Pathology and Therapeutics Group, Portuguese Institute of Oncology of Porto, Portugal
| | - Luis P Afonso
- Department of Pathology, Portuguese Institute of Oncology of Porto, Portugal
| | - Lúcio L Santos
- Experimental Pathology and Therapeutics Group, Portuguese Institute of Oncology of Porto, Portugal; Department of Surgical Oncology, Portuguese Institute of Oncology of Porto, Portugal
| | - Martin R Larsen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Daniel Kolarich
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, 14424 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Niclas G Karlsson
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Celso A Reis
- I3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, University of Porto, Portugal; Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto - IPATIMUP, Porto, Portugal; Institute of Biomedical Sciences of Abel Salazar - ICBAS, University of Porto, Portugal; Medical Faculty, University of Porto, Portugal.
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22
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Schnaar RL. Glycans and glycan-binding proteins in immune regulation: A concise introduction to glycobiology for the allergist. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2015; 135:609-15. [PMID: 25649080 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2014.10.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2014] [Accepted: 10/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Cells are endowed with a rich surface coat of glycans that are carried as glycoproteins and glycolipids on the outer leaflets of their plasma membranes and constitute a major molecular interface between cells and their environment. Each cell's glycome, the sum of its diverse glycan structures, comprises a distinct cellular signature defined by expression levels of the enzymes responsible for glycan biosynthesis. This signature can be read by complementary glycan-binding proteins (GBPs) that translate glycan recognition into function. Nowhere is this more evident than in the immune system, where glycans and GBPs are integral to pathogen recognition and control of inflammatory responses. Glycobiology, the study of glycan structures and their functions, increasingly provides insight into immunoregulatory mechanisms and thereby provides opportunities for therapeutic intervention. This review briefly examines the makeup of the human glycome and the GBPs that translate glycan recognition into function and provides examples of glycan recognition events that are responsible for immune system regulation to promote wider appreciation of this rapidly expanding area of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald L Schnaar
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Science and the Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Md.
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23
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Glavey SV, Huynh D, Reagan MR, Manier S, Moschetta M, Kawano Y, Roccaro AM, Ghobrial IM, Joshi L, O'Dwyer ME. The cancer glycome: carbohydrates as mediators of metastasis. Blood Rev 2015; 29:269-79. [PMID: 25636501 DOI: 10.1016/j.blre.2015.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2014] [Revised: 01/06/2015] [Accepted: 01/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Glycosylation is a frequent post-translational modification which results in the addition of carbohydrate determinants, "glycans", to cell surface proteins and lipids. These glycan structures form the "glycome" and play an integral role in cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions through modulation of adhesion and cell trafficking. Glycosylation is increasingly recognized as a modulator of the malignant phenotype of cancer cells, where the interaction between cells and the tumor micro-environment is altered to facilitate processes such as drug resistance and metastasis. Changes in glycosylation of cell surface adhesion molecules such as selectin ligands, integrins and mucins have been implicated in the pathogenesis of several solid and hematological malignancies, often with prognostic implications. In this review we focus on the functional significance of alterations in cancer cell glycosylation, in terms of cell adhesion, trafficking and the metastatic cascade and provide insights into the prognostic and therapeutic implications of recent findings in this fast-evolving niche.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siobhan V Glavey
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Glycoscience Research Group, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland.
| | - Daisy Huynh
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Michaela R Reagan
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Salomon Manier
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Michele Moschetta
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Yawara Kawano
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Aldo M Roccaro
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Irene M Ghobrial
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Lokesh Joshi
- Glycoscience Research Group, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland.
| | - Michael E O'Dwyer
- Glycoscience Research Group, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland; Department of Hematology National University of Ireland, Galway and Galway University Hospital, Ireland.
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24
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Maverakis E, Kim K, Shimoda M, Gershwin ME, Patel F, Wilken R, Raychaudhuri S, Ruhaak LR, Lebrilla CB. Glycans in the immune system and The Altered Glycan Theory of Autoimmunity: a critical review. J Autoimmun 2015; 57:1-13. [PMID: 25578468 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2014.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 293] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2014] [Accepted: 12/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Herein we will review the role of glycans in the immune system. Specific topics covered include: the glycosylation sites of IgE, IgM, IgD, IgE, IgA, and IgG; how glycans can encode "self" identity by functioning as either danger associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) or self-associated molecular patterns (SAMPs); the role of glycans as markers of protein integrity and age; how the glycocalyx can dictate the migration pattern of immune cells; and how the combination of Fc N-glycans and Ig isotype dictate the effector function of immunoglobulins. We speculate that the latter may be responsible for the well-documented association between alterations of the serum glycome and autoimmunity. Due to technological limitations, the extent of these autoimmune-associated glycan alterations and their role in disease pathophysiology has not been fully elucidated. Thus, we also review the current technologies available for glycan analysis, placing an emphasis on Multiple Reaction Monitoring (MRM), a rapid high-throughput technology that has great potential for glycan biomarker research. Finally, we put forth The Altered Glycan Theory of Autoimmunity, which states that each autoimmune disease will have a unique glycan signature characterized by the site-specific relative abundances of individual glycan structures on immune cells and extracellular proteins, especially the site-specific glycosylation patterns of the different immunoglobulin(Ig) classes and subclasses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanual Maverakis
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, Davis School of Medicine, 3301 C Street, Suite 1400, Sacramento, CA 95816, USA.
| | - Kyoungmi Kim
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Division of Biostatistics, University of California, Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA 95816, USA
| | - Michiko Shimoda
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, Davis School of Medicine, 3301 C Street, Suite 1400, Sacramento, CA 95816, USA
| | - M Eric Gershwin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University of California, Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Forum Patel
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, Davis School of Medicine, 3301 C Street, Suite 1400, Sacramento, CA 95816, USA
| | - Reason Wilken
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, Davis School of Medicine, 3301 C Street, Suite 1400, Sacramento, CA 95816, USA
| | - Siba Raychaudhuri
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University of California, Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - L Renee Ruhaak
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Division of Biostatistics, University of California, Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA 95816, USA
| | - Carlito B Lebrilla
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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25
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Nikolac Perkovic M, Pucic Bakovic M, Kristic J, Novokmet M, Huffman JE, Vitart V, Hayward C, Rudan I, Wilson JF, Campbell H, Polasek O, Lauc G, Pivac N. The association between galactosylation of immunoglobulin G and body mass index. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2014; 48:20-5. [PMID: 24012618 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2013.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2013] [Revised: 08/28/2013] [Accepted: 08/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Obesity is becoming a fast-growing health problem worldwide. Glycosylation of proteins and their variations significantly affect protein structure and function, thus altering numerous physiological and pathophysiological cellular processes. Since plasma glycans were significantly associated with body mass index (BMI) in both Croatian and Chinese populations, the study evaluated the association between immunoglobulin G (IgG) glycome, which is closer to biological function, and BMI. METHOD The study included individuals from two Croatian Adriatic islands, Vis and Korčula, and individuals from Northern Scottish Orkney Islands. A hydrophilic interaction chromatography on Waters BEH Glycan chromatography column was used to analyze N-glycans attached to IgG in plasma samples from a total of 3515 individuals. RESULTS A small but significant positive correlation between BMI and the level of neutral glycans without galactoses was detected. After taking into account the influence of age and gender, correlation coefficients indicated that BMI was responsible for up to 2.0% of variation in the level of neutral glycans without galactoses. Furthermore, after adjusting the effects of age and gender, the level of neutral glycans with two terminal galactoses was negatively associated with BMI in analyzed sample groups, suggesting that BMI could be responsible for up to 3.2% of variation in this glycan feature. CONCLUSION Our study is the first large-scale study to indicate the association of BMI and changes in IgG galactosylation. The observed loss of galactose which is associated with increased BMI might be related to chronic inflammation that accompanies the development of obesity.
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26
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Abstract
All cells in nature are covered with a dense and complex array of glycan chains. Specific recognition and binding of glycans is a critical aspect of cellular interactions, both within and between species. Glycan-protein interactions tend to be of low affinity but high specificity, typically utilizing multivalency to generate the affinity required for biologically relevant binding. This review focuses on a higher level of glycan organization, the formation of clustered saccharide patches (CSPs), which can constitute unique ligands for highly specific interactions. Due to technical challenges, this aspect of glycan recognition remains poorly understood. We present a wealth of evidence for CSPs-mediated interactions, and discuss recent advances in experimental tools that are beginning to provide new insights into the composition and organization of CSPs. The examples presented here are likely the tip of the iceberg, and much further work is needed to elucidate fully this higher level of glycan organization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Cohen
- Department Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Glycobiology Research and Training Center, University of California, San Diego, California, USA.
| | - Ajit Varki
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, California, USA; Department Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Glycobiology Research and Training Center, University of California, San Diego, California, USA.
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27
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Krištić J, Vučković F, Menni C, Klarić L, Keser T, Beceheli I, Pučić-Baković M, Novokmet M, Mangino M, Thaqi K, Rudan P, Novokmet N, Sarac J, Missoni S, Kolčić I, Polašek O, Rudan I, Campbell H, Hayward C, Aulchenko Y, Valdes A, Wilson JF, Gornik O, Primorac D, Zoldoš V, Spector T, Lauc G. Glycans are a novel biomarker of chronological and biological ages. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2013; 69:779-89. [PMID: 24325898 PMCID: PMC4049143 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glt190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 243] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Fine structural details of glycans attached to the conserved N-glycosylation site significantly not only affect function of individual immunoglobulin G (IgG) molecules but also mediate inflammation at the systemic level. By analyzing IgG glycosylation in 5,117 individuals from four European populations, we have revealed very complex patterns of changes in IgG glycosylation with age. Several IgG glycans (including FA2B, FA2G2, and FA2BG2) changed considerably with age and the combination of these three glycans can explain up to 58% of variance in chronological age, significantly more than other markers of biological age like telomere lengths. The remaining variance in these glycans strongly correlated with physiological parameters associated with biological age. Thus, IgG glycosylation appears to be closely linked with both chronological and biological ages. Considering the important role of IgG glycans in inflammation, and because the observed changes with age promote inflammation, changes in IgG glycosylation also seem to represent a factor contributing to aging. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Glycosylation is the key posttranslational mechanism that regulates function of immunoglobulins, with multiple systemic repercussions to the immune system. Our study of IgG glycosylation in 5,117 individuals from four European populations has revealed very extensive and complex changes in IgG glycosylation with age. The combined index composed of only three glycans explained up to 58% of variance in age, considerably more than other biomarkers of age like telomere lengths. The remaining variance in these glycans strongly correlated with physiological parameters associated with biological age; thus, IgG glycosylation appears to be closely linked with both chronological and biological ages. The ability to measure human biological aging using molecular profiling has practical applications for diverse fields such as disease prevention and treatment, or forensics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Cristina Menni
- Department of Twins Research and Genetic Epidemiology, Kings College London, UK
| | | | - Toma Keser
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | | | | | - Massimo Mangino
- Department of Twins Research and Genetic Epidemiology, Kings College London, UK
| | | | - Pavao Rudan
- Institute for Anthropological Research, Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | - Jelena Sarac
- Institute for Anthropological Research, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Saša Missoni
- Institute for Anthropological Research, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ivana Kolčić
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Split, Croatia
| | | | - Igor Rudan
- Centre for Population Health Sciences, The University of Edinburgh Medical School, UK
| | - Harry Campbell
- Centre for Population Health Sciences, The University of Edinburgh Medical School, UK
| | - Caroline Hayward
- MRCHGU, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Yurii Aulchenko
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics SD RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Ana Valdes
- Department of Twins Research and Genetic Epidemiology, Kings College London, UK
| | - James F Wilson
- Centre for Population Health Sciences, The University of Edinburgh Medical School, UK
| | - Olga Gornik
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | | | - Tim Spector
- Department of Twins Research and Genetic Epidemiology, Kings College London, UK
| | - Gordan Lauc
- Genos Glycobiology Laboratory, Zagreb, Croatia. Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, Croatia.
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Sattelle BM, Almond A. Shaping up for structural glycomics: a predictive protocol for oligosaccharide conformational analysis applied to N-linked glycans. Carbohydr Res 2013; 383:34-42. [PMID: 24252626 PMCID: PMC3909462 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2013.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2013] [Revised: 10/17/2013] [Accepted: 10/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Aqueous 10 μs simulations of N-linked mannosyl cores and sialyl Lewis (sLe) antennae are validated. Sequence dependent glycosidic linkage and pyranose ring μs motions are implicated in bioactivity. Stacked pyranoses in sLea and sLex are predicted to be atypically rigid on μs timescales. In a 25 μs simulation of sLex, all known conformers were sampled within the initial 10 μs of dynamics. Unbiased 10 μs simulations are proposed as a route to systematic and accurate glycomic 3D-analysis.
The human glycome comprises a vast untapped repository of 3D-structural information that holds the key to glycan recognition and a new era of rationally designed mimetic chemical probes, drugs, and biomaterials. Toward routine prediction of oligosaccharide conformational populations and exchange rates at thermodynamic equilibrium, we apply hardware-accelerated aqueous molecular dynamics to model μs motions in N-glycans that underpin inflammation and immunity. In 10 μs simulations, conformational equilibria of mannosyl cores, sialyl Lewis (sLe) antennae, and constituent sub-sequences agreed with prior refinements (X-ray and NMR). Glycosidic linkage and pyranose ring flexing were affected by branching, linkage position, and secondary structure, implicating sequence dependent motions in glycomic functional diversity. Linkage and ring conformational transitions that have eluded precise quantification by experiment and conventional (ns) simulations were predicted to occur on μs timescales. All rings populated non-chair shapes and the stacked galactose and fucose pyranoses of sLea and sLex were rigidified, suggesting an exploitable 3D-signature of cell adhesion protein binding. Analyses of sLex dynamics over 25 μs revealed that only 10 μs were sufficient to explore all aqueous conformers. This simulation protocol, which yields conformational ensembles that are independent of initial 3D-structure, is proposed as a route to understanding oligosaccharide recognition and structure–activity relationships, toward development of carbohydrate-based novel chemical entities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedict M Sattelle
- Faculty of Life Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, 131 Princess Street, Manchester M1 7DN, UK
| | - Andrew Almond
- Faculty of Life Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, 131 Princess Street, Manchester M1 7DN, UK.
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