1
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Hu Z, Li L, Zhu B, Huang Y, Wang X, Lin X, Li M, Xu P, Zhang X, Zhang J, Hua Z. Annexin A5 is essential for PKCθ translocation during T-cell activation. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:14214-14221. [PMID: 32796034 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra120.015143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 08/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
T-cell activation is a critical part of the adaptive immune system, enabling responses to foreign cells and external stimulus. In this process, T-cell antigen receptor (TCR) activation stimulates translocation of the downstream kinase PKCθ to the membrane, leading to NF-κB activation and thus transcription of relevant genes. However, the details of how PKCθ is recruited to the membrane remain enigmatic. It is known that annexin A5 (ANXA5), a calcium-dependent membrane-binding protein, has been reported to mediate PKCδ activation by interaction with PKCδ, a homologue of PKCθ, which implicates a potential role of ANXA5 involved in PKCθ signaling. Here we demonstrate that ANXA5 does play a critical role in the recruitment of PKCθ to the membrane during T-cell activation. ANXA5 knockout in Jurkat T cells substantially inhibited the membrane translocation of PKCθ upon TCR engagement and blocked the recruitment of CARMA1-BCL10-MALT1 signalosome, which provides a platform for the catalytic activation of IKKs and subsequent activation of canonical NF-κB signaling in activated T cells. As a result, NF-κB activation was impaired in ANXA5-KO T cells. T-cell activation was also suppressed by ANAX5 knockdown in primary T cells. These results demonstrated a novel role of ANXA5 in PKC translocation and PKC signaling during T-cell activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoqing Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Banghui Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yi Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xinran Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaolei Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Maoxia Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Peipei Xu
- Department of Hematology, Drum Tower Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xuerui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China .,Changzhou High-Tech Research Institute of Nanjing University and Jiangsu Target Pharma Laboratories Inc., Changzhou, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zichun Hua
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China .,Changzhou High-Tech Research Institute of Nanjing University and Jiangsu Target Pharma Laboratories Inc., Changzhou, China.,Shenzhen Research Institute of Nanjing University, Shenzhen, China
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2
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Yang X, Wang G, Cao T, Zhang L, Ma Y, Jiang S, Teng X, Sun X. Large-conductance calcium-activated potassium channels mediate lipopolysaccharide-induced activation of murine microglia. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:12921-12932. [PMID: 31296663 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.006425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Revised: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Large-conductance calcium-activated potassium (BK) channels are ubiquitously expressed in most cell types where they regulate many cellular, organ, and organismal functions. Although BK currents have been recorded specifically in activated murine and human microglia, it is not yet clear whether and how the function of this channel is related to microglia activation. Here, using patch-clamping, Griess reaction, ELISA, immunocytochemistry, and immunoblotting approaches, we show that specific inhibition of the BK channel with paxilline (10 μm) or siRNA-mediated knockdown of its expression significantly suppresses lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced (100 ng/ml) BV-2 and primary mouse microglial cell activation. We found that membrane BK current is activated by LPS at a very early stage through Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), leading to nuclear translocation of NF-κB and to production of inflammatory cytokines. Furthermore, we noted that BK channels are also expressed intracellularly, and their nuclear expression significantly increases in late stages of LPS-mediated microglia activation, possibly contributing to production of nitric oxide, tumor necrosis factor-α, and interleukin-6. Of note, a specific TLR4 inhibitor suppressed BK channel expression, whereas an NF-κB inhibitor did not. Taken together, our findings indicate that BK channels participate in both the early and the late stages of LPS-stimulated murine microglia activation involving both membrane-associated and nuclear BK channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoying Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Guiqin Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Ting Cao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Yunzhi Ma
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Shuhui Jiang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Xinchen Teng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Xiaohui Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China.
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3
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Fu X, Xu M, Song Y, Li Y, Zhang H, Zhang J, Zhang C. Enhanced interaction between SEC2 mutant and TCR Vβ induces MHC II-independent activation of T cells via PKCθ/NF-κB and IL-2R/STAT5 signaling pathways. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:19771-19784. [PMID: 30352872 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.003668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Revised: 09/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
SEC2, a major histocompatibility complex class II (MHC II)-dependent T-cell mitogen, binds MHC II and T-cell receptor (TCR) Vβs to induce effective co-stimulating signals for clonal T-cell expansion. We previously characterized a SEC2 mutant with increased recognition of TCR Vβs, ST-4, which could intensify NF-κB signaling transduction, leading to IL-2 production and T-cell activation. In this study, we found that in contrast to SEC2, ST-4 could induce murine CD4+ T-cell proliferation in a Vβ8.2- and Vβ8.3-specific manner in the absence of MHC II+ antigen-presenting cells (APCs). Furthermore, although IL-2 secretion in response to either SEC2 or ST-4 stimulation was accompanied by up-regulation of protein kinase Cθ (PKCθ), inhibitor of κB (IκB), α and β IκB kinase (IKKα/β), IκBα, and NF-κB in mouse splenocytes, only ST-4 could activate CD4+ T cells in the absence of MHC II+ APCs through the PKCθ/NF-κB signaling pathway. The PKCθ inhibitor AEB071 significantly suppressed SEC2/ST-4-induced T-cell proliferation, CD69 and CD25 expression, and IL-2 secretion with or without MHC II+ APCs. Further, SEC2/ST-4-induced changes in PKCθ/NF-κB signaling were significantly relieved by AEB071 in a dose-dependent manner. Using Lck siRNA, we found that Lck controlled SEC2/ST-4-induced phosphorylation of PKCθ. We also demonstrated that the IL-2R/STAT5 pathway is essential for SEC2/ST-4-induced T-cell activation. Collectively, our data demonstrate that an enhanced ST-4-TCR interaction can compensate for lack of MHC II and stimulate MHC II-free CD4+ T-cell proliferation via PKCθ/NF-κB and IL-2R/STAT5 signaling pathways. Compared with SEC2, intensified PKCθ/NF-κB and IL-2R/STAT5 signals induced by ST-4 lead to enhanced T-cell activation. The results of this study will facilitate better understanding of TCR-based immunotherapies for cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuanhe Fu
- From the Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 72 WenHua Road, Shenyang 110016, China and.,the School of Life Science and Biopharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 WenHua Road, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Mingkai Xu
- From the Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 72 WenHua Road, Shenyang 110016, China and
| | - Yubo Song
- From the Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 72 WenHua Road, Shenyang 110016, China and
| | - Yongqiang Li
- From the Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 72 WenHua Road, Shenyang 110016, China and
| | - Huiwen Zhang
- From the Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 72 WenHua Road, Shenyang 110016, China and
| | - Jinghai Zhang
- the School of Life Science and Biopharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 WenHua Road, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Chenggang Zhang
- From the Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 72 WenHua Road, Shenyang 110016, China and
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4
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Dempsey A, Keating SE, Carty M, Bowie AG. Poxviral protein E3-altered cytokine production reveals that DExD/H-box helicase 9 controls Toll-like receptor-stimulated immune responses. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:14989-15001. [PMID: 30111593 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.005089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Host pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) such as Toll-like receptors (TLRs) detect viruses and other pathogens, inducing production of cytokines that cause inflammation and mobilize cells to control infection. Vaccinia virus (VACV) encodes proteins that antagonize these host innate immune responses, and elucidating the mechanisms of action of these viral proteins helped shed light on PRR signaling mechanisms. The VACV virulence factor E3 is one of the most intensely studied VACV proteins and has multiple effects on host cells, many of which cannot be explained by the currently known cellular targets of E3. Here, we report that E3 expression in human monocytes alters TLR2- and TLR8-dependent cytokine induction, and particularly inhibits interleukin (IL)-6. Using MS, we identified DExD/H-box helicase 9 (DHX9) as an E3 target. Although DHX9 has previously been implicated as a PRR for sensing nucleic acid in dendritic cells, we found no role for DHX9 as a nucleic acid-sensing PRR in monocytes. Rather, DHX9 suppression in these cells phenocopied the effects of E3 expression on TLR2- and TLR8-dependent cytokine induction, in that DHX9 was required for all TLR8-dependent cytokines measured, and for TLR2-dependent IL-6. Furthermore, DHX9 also had a cell- and stimulus-independent role in IL-6 promoter induction. DHX9 enhanced NF-κB-dependent IL-6 promoter activation, which was directly antagonized by E3. These results indicate new roles for DHX9 in regulating cytokines in innate immunity and reveal that VACV E3 disrupts innate immune responses by targeting of DHX9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan Dempsey
- From the School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Sinead E Keating
- From the School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Michael Carty
- From the School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Andrew G Bowie
- From the School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
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5
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Takada YK, Yu J, Fujita M, Saegusa J, Wu CY, Takada Y. Direct binding to integrins and loss of disulfide linkage in interleukin-1β (IL-1β) are involved in the agonistic action of IL-1β. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:20067-20075. [PMID: 29030430 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.818302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a strong link between integrins and interleukin-1β (IL-1β), but the specifics of the role of integrins in IL-1β signaling are unclear. We describe that IL-1β specifically bound to integrins αvβ3 and α5β1. The E128K mutation in the IL1R-binding site enhanced integrin binding. We studied whether direct integrin binding is involved in IL-1β signaling. We compared sequences of IL-1β and IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL1RN), which is an IL-1β homologue but has no agonistic activity. Several surface-exposed Lys residues are present in IL-1β, but not in IL1RN. A disulfide linkage is present in IL1RN, but is not in IL-1β because of natural C117F mutation. Substitution of the Lys residues to Glu markedly reduced integrin binding of E128K IL-1β, suggesting that the Lys residues mediate integrin binding. The Lys mutations reduced, but did not completely abrogate, agonistic action of IL-1β. We studied whether the disulfide linkage plays a role in agonistic action of IL-1β. Reintroduction of the disulfide linkage by the F117C mutation did not affect agonistic activity of WT IL-1β, but effectively reduced the remaining agonistic activity of the Lys mutants. Also, deletion of the disulfide linkage in IL1RN by the C116F mutation did not make it agonistic. We propose that the direct binding to IL-1β to integrins is primarily important for agonistic IL-1β signaling, and that the disulfide linkage indirectly affects signaling by blocking conformational changes induced by weak integrin binding to the Lys mutants. The integrin-IL-1β interaction is a potential target for drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoko K Takada
- Departments of Dermatology, Sacramento, California 95817; Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, California 95817
| | - Jessica Yu
- Departments of Dermatology, Sacramento, California 95817; Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, California 95817; Institute of Biological Chemistry at Academia Sinica, 128 Academia Road, Sec. 2, Nankang, Taipei 11529 Taiwan; PhD program for Translational Medicine, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wu-Hsing Street, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Masaaki Fujita
- Departments of Dermatology, Sacramento, California 95817; Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, California 95817
| | - Jun Saegusa
- Departments of Dermatology, Sacramento, California 95817
| | - Chun-Yi Wu
- Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, California 95817
| | - Yoshikazu Takada
- Departments of Dermatology, Sacramento, California 95817; Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, California 95817.
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6
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Johnson ZI, Doolittle AC, Snuggs JW, Shapiro IM, Le Maitre CL, Risbud MV. TNF-α promotes nuclear enrichment of the transcription factor TonEBP/NFAT5 to selectively control inflammatory but not osmoregulatory responses in nucleus pulposus cells. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:17561-17575. [PMID: 28842479 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.790378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Revised: 08/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) causes chronic back pain and is linked to production of proinflammatory molecules by nucleus pulposus (NP) and other disc cells. Activation of tonicity-responsive enhancer-binding protein (TonEBP)/NFAT5 by non-osmotic stimuli, including proinflammatory molecules, occurs in cells involved in immune response. However, whether inflammatory stimuli activate TonEBP in NP cells and whether TonEBP controls inflammation during IDD is unknown. We show that TNF-α, but not IL-1β or LPS, promoted nuclear enrichment of TonEBP protein. However, TNF-α-mediated activation of TonEBP did not cause induction of osmoregulatory genes. RNA sequencing showed that 8.5% of TNF-α transcriptional responses were TonEBP-dependent and identified genes regulated by both TNF-α and TonEBP. These genes were over-enriched in pathways and diseases related to inflammatory response and inhibition of matrix metalloproteases. Based on RNA-sequencing results, we further investigated regulation of novel TonEBP targets CXCL1, CXCL2, and CXCL3 TonEBP acted synergistically with TNF-α and LPS to induce CXCL1-proximal promoter activity. Interestingly, this regulation required a highly conserved NF-κB-binding site but not a predicted TonE, suggesting cross-talk between these two members of the Rel family. Finally, analysis of human NP tissue showed that TonEBP expression correlated with canonical osmoregulatory targets TauT/SLC6A6, SMIT/SLC5A3, and AR/AKR1B1, supporting in vitro findings that the inflammatory milieu during IDD does not interfere with TonEBP osmoregulation. In summary, whereas TonEBP participates in the proinflammatory response to TNF-α, therapeutic strategies targeting this transcription factor for treatment of disc disease must spare osmoprotective, prosurvival, and matrix homeostatic activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zariel I Johnson
- From the Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107 and
| | - Alexandra C Doolittle
- From the Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107 and
| | - Joseph W Snuggs
- the Biomolecular Sciences Research Centre, Sheffield Hallam University, S1 1WB Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Irving M Shapiro
- From the Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107 and
| | - Christine L Le Maitre
- the Biomolecular Sciences Research Centre, Sheffield Hallam University, S1 1WB Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Makarand V Risbud
- From the Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107 and
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7
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Kamizaki K, Doi R, Hayashi M, Saji T, Kanagawa M, Toda T, Fukada SI, Ho HYH, Greenberg ME, Endo M, Minami Y. The Ror1 receptor tyrosine kinase plays a critical role in regulating satellite cell proliferation during regeneration of injured muscle. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:15939-15951. [PMID: 28790171 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.785709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Revised: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The Ror family receptor tyrosine kinases, Ror1 and Ror2, play important roles in regulating developmental morphogenesis and tissue- and organogenesis, but their roles in tissue regeneration in adult animals remain largely unknown. In this study, we examined the expression and function of Ror1 and Ror2 during skeletal muscle regeneration. Using an in vivo skeletal muscle injury model, we show that expression of Ror1 and Ror2 in skeletal muscles is induced transiently by the inflammatory cytokines, TNF-α and IL-1β, after injury and that inhibition of TNF-α and IL-1β by neutralizing antibodies suppresses expression of Ror1 and Ror2 in injured muscles. Importantly, expression of Ror1, but not Ror2, was induced primarily in Pax7-positive satellite cells (SCs) after muscle injury, and administration of neutralizing antibodies decreased the proportion of Pax7-positive proliferative SCs after muscle injury. We also found that stimulation of a mouse myogenic cell line, C2C12 cells, with TNF-α or IL-1β induced expression of Ror1 via NF-κB activation and that suppressed expression of Ror1 inhibited their proliferative responses in SCs. Intriguingly, SC-specific depletion of Ror1 decreased the number of Pax7-positive SCs after muscle injury. Collectively, these findings indicate for the first time that Ror1 has a critical role in regulating SC proliferation during skeletal muscle regeneration. We conclude that Ror1 might be a suitable target in the development of diagnostic and therapeutic approaches to manage muscular disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koki Kamizaki
- From the Division of Cell Physiology, Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, and
| | - Ryosuke Doi
- From the Division of Cell Physiology, Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, and
| | - Makoto Hayashi
- From the Division of Cell Physiology, Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, and
| | - Takeshi Saji
- From the Division of Cell Physiology, Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, and
| | - Motoi Kanagawa
- Division of Neurology/Molecular Brain Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe University, Kobe 650-0017, Japan
| | - Tatsushi Toda
- Division of Neurology/Molecular Brain Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe University, Kobe 650-0017, Japan
| | - So-Ichiro Fukada
- the Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan, and
| | - Hsin-Yi Henry Ho
- the Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | | | - Mitsuharu Endo
- From the Division of Cell Physiology, Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, and
| | - Yasuhiro Minami
- From the Division of Cell Physiology, Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, and
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8
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Okamoto N, Mizote K, Honda H, Saeki A, Watanabe Y, Yamaguchi-Miyamoto T, Fukui R, Tanimura N, Motoi Y, Akashi-Takamura S, Kato T, Fujishita S, Kimura T, Ohto U, Shimizu T, Hirokawa T, Miyake K, Fukase K, Fujimoto Y, Nagai Y, Takatsu K. Funiculosin variants and phosphorylated derivatives promote innate immune responses via the Toll-like receptor 4/myeloid differentiation factor-2 complex. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:15378-15394. [PMID: 28754693 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.791780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2017] [Revised: 07/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)/myeloid differentiation factor-2 (MD-2) complex is essential for LPS recognition and induces innate immune responses against Gram-negative bacteria. As activation of TLR4/MD-2 is also critical for the induction of adaptive immune responses, TLR4/MD-2 agonists have been developed as vaccine adjuvants, but their efficacy has not yet been ascertained. Here, we demonstrate that a funiculosin (FNC) variant, FNC-RED, and FNC-RED and FNC derivatives are agonists for both murine and human TLR4/MD-2. FNC-RED induced nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) activation via murine TLR4/MD-2, whereas FNC had no TLR4/MD-2 stimulatory activity. Biacore analysis revealed that FNC-RED binds to murine TLR4/MD-2 but not murine radioprotective 105 (RP105)/myeloid differentiation factor-1 (MD-1), another LPS sensor. FNC-RED induced CD14-independent expressions of pro-inflammatory cytokines and co-stimulatory molecules in murine macrophages and dendritic cells. In contrast, FNC-RED stimulation was reduced in CD14-dependent LPS responses, including dimerization and internalization of TLR4/MD-2 and IFN-β expression. FNC-RED-induced IL-12p40 production from murine dendritic cells was dependent on NF-κB but not MAPK pathway. In addition, fetal bovine serum augmented lipid A-induced NF-κB activation but blocked FNC-RED-mediated responses. Two synthetic phosphate group-containing FNC-RED and FNC derivatives, FNC-RED-P01 and FNC-P01, respectively, activated human TLR4/MD-2, unlike FNC-RED. Finally, computational analysis revealed that this species-specific activation by FNC-RED and FNC-RED-P01 resulted from differences in electrostatic surface potentials between murine and human TLR4/MD-2. We conclude that FNC-RED and its synthetic derivative represent a novel category of murine and human TLR4/MD-2 agonist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Okamoto
- From the Department of Immunobiology and Pharmacological Genetics, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Science for Research, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama-shi, Toyama 930-0194.,the Teika Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 1-3-27 Arakawa, Toyama-shi, Toyama 930-0982
| | - Keisuke Mizote
- the Laboratory of Natural Product Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043
| | - Hiroe Honda
- From the Department of Immunobiology and Pharmacological Genetics, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Science for Research, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama-shi, Toyama 930-0194.,the Toyama Prefectural Institute for Pharmaceutical Research, 17-1 Nakataikouyama, Imizu City, Toyama 939-0363
| | - Akinori Saeki
- the Laboratory of Natural Product Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043
| | - Yasuharu Watanabe
- From the Department of Immunobiology and Pharmacological Genetics, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Science for Research, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama-shi, Toyama 930-0194
| | - Tomomi Yamaguchi-Miyamoto
- the Toyama Prefectural Institute for Pharmaceutical Research, 17-1 Nakataikouyama, Imizu City, Toyama 939-0363
| | - Ryutaro Fukui
- the Division of Innate Immunity, Department of Microbiology and Immunology
| | - Natsuko Tanimura
- the Division of Innate Immunity, Department of Microbiology and Immunology
| | - Yuji Motoi
- the Division of Innate Immunity, Department of Microbiology and Immunology
| | - Sachiko Akashi-Takamura
- the Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Aichi Medical University, 1-1 Yazakokarimata, Nagakute, Aichi 480-1195
| | - Tatsuhisa Kato
- the Teika Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 1-3-27 Arakawa, Toyama-shi, Toyama 930-0982
| | - Shigeto Fujishita
- the Teika Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 1-3-27 Arakawa, Toyama-shi, Toyama 930-0982
| | - Takahito Kimura
- the Teika Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 1-3-27 Arakawa, Toyama-shi, Toyama 930-0982
| | - Umeharu Ohto
- the Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033
| | - Toshiyuki Shimizu
- the Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033
| | - Takatsugu Hirokawa
- the Molecular Profiling Research Center for Drug Discovery, AIST, 2-3-26 Aomi, Koto-ku, Tokyo 135-0064.,the Division of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba 305-8575
| | - Kensuke Miyake
- the Division of Innate Immunity, Department of Microbiology and Immunology.,the Laboratory of Innate Immunity, Center for Experimental Medicine and Systems Biology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639
| | - Koichi Fukase
- the Laboratory of Natural Product Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043
| | - Yukari Fujimoto
- the Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), PRESTO, 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Nagai
- From the Department of Immunobiology and Pharmacological Genetics, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Science for Research, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama-shi, Toyama 930-0194, .,the Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), PRESTO, 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Takatsu
- From the Department of Immunobiology and Pharmacological Genetics, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Science for Research, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama-shi, Toyama 930-0194, .,the Toyama Prefectural Institute for Pharmaceutical Research, 17-1 Nakataikouyama, Imizu City, Toyama 939-0363
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9
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Cobos Caceres C, Bansal PS, Navarro S, Wilson D, Don L, Giacomin P, Loukas A, Daly NL. An engineered cyclic peptide alleviates symptoms of inflammation in a murine model of inflammatory bowel disease. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:10288-10294. [PMID: 28473469 PMCID: PMC5473231 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.779215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2017] [Revised: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) are a set of complex and debilitating diseases for which there is no satisfactory treatment. Recent studies have shown that small peptides show promise for reducing inflammation in models of IBD. However, these small peptides are likely to be unstable and rapidly cleared from the circulation, and therefore, if not modified for better stability, represent non-viable drug leads. We hypothesized that improving the stability of these peptides by grafting them into a stable cyclic peptide scaffold may enhance their therapeutic potential. Using this approach, we have designed a novel cyclic peptide that comprises a small bioactive peptide from the annexin A1 protein grafted into a sunflower trypsin inhibitor cyclic scaffold. We used native chemical ligation to synthesize the grafted cyclic peptide. This engineered cyclic peptide maintained the overall fold of the naturally occurring cyclic peptide, was more effective at reducing inflammation in a mouse model of acute colitis than the bioactive peptide alone, and showed enhanced stability in human serum. Our findings suggest that the use of cyclic peptides as structural backbones offers a promising approach for the treatment of IBD and potentially other chronic inflammatory conditions.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/chemistry
- Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/metabolism
- Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/therapeutic use
- Colitis, Ulcerative/drug therapy
- Colitis, Ulcerative/immunology
- Colitis, Ulcerative/pathology
- Colon/drug effects
- Colon/immunology
- Colon/pathology
- Disease Models, Animal
- Drug Design
- Drug Stability
- Gastrointestinal Agents/chemical synthesis
- Gastrointestinal Agents/chemistry
- Gastrointestinal Agents/therapeutic use
- Humans
- Male
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Models, Molecular
- Organ Size/drug effects
- Peptides, Cyclic/chemistry
- Peptides, Cyclic/metabolism
- Peptides, Cyclic/therapeutic use
- Protein Conformation
- Protein Engineering
- Protein Folding
- Protein Stability
- Proteolysis
- Random Allocation
- Serum/enzymology
- Specific Pathogen-Free Organisms
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Cobos Caceres
- From the Centre for Biodiscovery and Molecular Development of Therapeutics, AITHM, James Cook University, Cairns, Queensland 4870, Australia
| | - Paramjit S Bansal
- From the Centre for Biodiscovery and Molecular Development of Therapeutics, AITHM, James Cook University, Cairns, Queensland 4870, Australia
| | - Severine Navarro
- From the Centre for Biodiscovery and Molecular Development of Therapeutics, AITHM, James Cook University, Cairns, Queensland 4870, Australia
| | - David Wilson
- From the Centre for Biodiscovery and Molecular Development of Therapeutics, AITHM, James Cook University, Cairns, Queensland 4870, Australia
| | - Laurianne Don
- From the Centre for Biodiscovery and Molecular Development of Therapeutics, AITHM, James Cook University, Cairns, Queensland 4870, Australia
| | - Paul Giacomin
- From the Centre for Biodiscovery and Molecular Development of Therapeutics, AITHM, James Cook University, Cairns, Queensland 4870, Australia
| | - Alex Loukas
- From the Centre for Biodiscovery and Molecular Development of Therapeutics, AITHM, James Cook University, Cairns, Queensland 4870, Australia
| | - Norelle L Daly
- From the Centre for Biodiscovery and Molecular Development of Therapeutics, AITHM, James Cook University, Cairns, Queensland 4870, Australia
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10
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Vessichelli M, Mariggiò S, Varone A, Zizza P, Di Santo A, Amore C, Dell'Elba G, Cutignano A, Fontana A, Cacciapuoti C, Di Costanzo G, Zannini M, de Cristofaro T, Evangelista V, Corda D. The natural phosphoinositide derivative glycerophosphoinositol inhibits the lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory and thrombotic responses. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:12828-12841. [PMID: 28600357 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.773861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2016] [Revised: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory responses are elicited through lipid products of phospholipase A2 activity that acts on the membrane phospholipids, including the phosphoinositides, to form the proinflammatory arachidonic acid and, in parallel, the glycerophosphoinositols. Here, we investigate the role of the glycerophosphoinositol in the inflammatory response. We show that it is part of a negative feedback loop that limits proinflammatory and prothrombotic responses in human monocytes stimulated with lipopolysaccharide. This inhibition is exerted both on the signaling cascade initiated by the lipopolysaccharide with the glycerophosphoinositol-dependent decrease in IκB kinase α/β, p38, JNK, and Erk1/2 kinase phosphorylation and at the nuclear level with decreased NF-κB translocation and binding to inflammatory gene promoters. In a model of endotoxemia in the mouse, treatment with glycerophosphoinositol reduced TNF-α synthesis, which supports the concept that glycerophosphoinositol inhibits the de novo synthesis of proinflammatory and prothrombotic compounds and might thus have a role as an endogenous mediator in the resolution of inflammation. As indicated, this effect of glycerophosphoinositol can also be exploited in the treatment of manifestations of severe inflammation by exogenous administration of the compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariangela Vessichelli
- Institute of Protein Biochemistry, National Research Council, Via P. Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Stefania Mariggiò
- Institute of Protein Biochemistry, National Research Council, Via P. Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Alessia Varone
- Institute of Protein Biochemistry, National Research Council, Via P. Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Pasquale Zizza
- Institute of Protein Biochemistry, National Research Council, Via P. Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Angelomaria Di Santo
- Laboratory of Vascular Biology and Pharmacology, Consorzio and Fondazione Mario Negri Sud, Via Nazionale 8/A, 66030 Santa Maria Imbaro, Chieti, Italy
| | - Concetta Amore
- Laboratory of Vascular Biology and Pharmacology, Consorzio and Fondazione Mario Negri Sud, Via Nazionale 8/A, 66030 Santa Maria Imbaro, Chieti, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Dell'Elba
- Laboratory of Vascular Biology and Pharmacology, Consorzio and Fondazione Mario Negri Sud, Via Nazionale 8/A, 66030 Santa Maria Imbaro, Chieti, Italy
| | - Adele Cutignano
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, National Research Council, Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy
| | - Angelo Fontana
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, National Research Council, Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy
| | - Carmela Cacciapuoti
- Transfusion Service, Department of Hematology-Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Unit, National Cancer Institute G. Pascale Foundation, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Via M. Semmola 52, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Gaetano Di Costanzo
- Transfusion Service, Department of Hematology-Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Unit, National Cancer Institute G. Pascale Foundation, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Via M. Semmola 52, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Mariastella Zannini
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, National Research Council, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Tiziana de Cristofaro
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, National Research Council, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Virgilio Evangelista
- Laboratory of Vascular Biology and Pharmacology, Consorzio and Fondazione Mario Negri Sud, Via Nazionale 8/A, 66030 Santa Maria Imbaro, Chieti, Italy.
| | - Daniela Corda
- Institute of Protein Biochemistry, National Research Council, Via P. Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, Italy.
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11
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Bendavit G, Aboulkassim T, Hilmi K, Shah S, Batist G. Nrf2 Transcription Factor Can Directly Regulate mTOR: LINKING CYTOPROTECTIVE GENE EXPRESSION TO A MAJOR METABOLIC REGULATOR THAT GENERATES REDOX ACTIVITY. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:25476-25488. [PMID: 27784786 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.760249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Revised: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Nrf2 is a master transcription factor that regulates a wide variety of cellular proteins by recognizing and binding to antioxidant response elements (AREs) in their gene promoter regions. In this study we show that increasing cellular Nrf2 results in transcriptional activation of the gene for mTOR, which is central to the PI3K signaling pathway. This is the case in cells with normal physiological PI3K. However, in cells with abnormally active PI3K increased cellular Nrf2 levels have no effect on mTOR. ChIP assays results show that increased Nrf2 binding is associated with decreased p65 binding and H3-K27me3 signal (marker of gene repression) as well as increased H3-K4me3 signal (marker of gene activation). However, in cells with PI3K activation, no effect of cellular Nrf2 increase on mTOR transcription was observed. In these cells, increasing Nrf2 levels increases Nrf2 promoter binding marginally, whereas p65 binding and H3-K27me3 mark were significantly increased, and H3-K4me3 signal is reduced. Together, these data show for the first time that Nrf2 directly regulates mTOR transcription when the PI3K pathway is intact, whereas this function is lost when PI3K is activated. We have identified a link between the Nrf2 system of sensing environmental stress and mTOR, which is a key cellular protein in metabolism. Studies in cells with activating mutations in the PI3K pathway suggest that Nrf2 transcriptional regulation of mTOR is related to promoter binding of p65 and of methylation of histone residues permissive of transcription.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Bendavit
- From the Lady Davis Institute, Segal Cancer Centre, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3T 1E2, Canada
| | - Tahar Aboulkassim
- From the Lady Davis Institute, Segal Cancer Centre, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3T 1E2, Canada
| | - Khalid Hilmi
- From the Lady Davis Institute, Segal Cancer Centre, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3T 1E2, Canada
| | - Sujay Shah
- From the Lady Davis Institute, Segal Cancer Centre, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3T 1E2, Canada
| | - Gerald Batist
- From the Lady Davis Institute, Segal Cancer Centre, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3T 1E2, Canada
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12
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Luo MC, Zhou SY, Feng DY, Xiao J, Li WY, Xu CD, Wang HY, Zhou T. Runt-related Transcription Factor 1 (RUNX1) Binds to p50 in Macrophages and Enhances TLR4-triggered Inflammation and Septic Shock. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:22011-22020. [PMID: 27573239 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.715953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
An appropriate inflammatory response plays critical roles in eliminating pathogens, whereas an excessive inflammatory response can cause tissue damage. Runt-related transcription factor 1 (RUNX1), a master regulator of hematopoiesis, plays critical roles in T cells; however, its roles in Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)-mediated inflammation in macrophages are unclear. Here, we demonstrated that upon TLR4 ligand stimulation by lipopolysaccharide (LPS), macrophages reduced the expression levels of RUNX1 Silencing of Runx1 attenuated the LPS-induced IL-1β and IL-6 production levels, but the TNF-α levels were not affected. Overexpression of RUNX1 promoted IL-1β and IL-6 production in response to LPS stimulation. Moreover, RUNX1 interacted with the NF-κB subunit p50, and coexpression of RUNX1 with p50 further enhanced the NF-κB luciferase activity. Importantly, treatment with the RUNX1 inhibitor, Ro 5-3335, protected mice from LPS-induced endotoxic shock and substantially reduced the IL-6 levels. These findings suggest that RUNX1 may be a new potential target for resolving TLR4-associated uncontrolled inflammation and preventing sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mao-Cai Luo
- From the Department of Pediatrics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin Rd. II, Shanghai 200025 and
| | - Si-Yuan Zhou
- From the Department of Pediatrics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin Rd. II, Shanghai 200025 and
| | - Dan-Ying Feng
- From the Department of Pediatrics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin Rd. II, Shanghai 200025 and
| | - Jun Xiao
- the Key Laboratory of Systems Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yue-yang Rd., Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Wei-Yun Li
- the Key Laboratory of Systems Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yue-yang Rd., Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Chun-Di Xu
- From the Department of Pediatrics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin Rd. II, Shanghai 200025 and
| | - Hong-Yan Wang
- the Key Laboratory of Systems Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yue-yang Rd., Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Tong Zhou
- From the Department of Pediatrics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin Rd. II, Shanghai 200025 and
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13
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Wang L, Zhu S, Xu G, Feng J, Han T, Zhao F, She YL, Liu S, Ye L, Zhu Y. Gene Expression and Antiviral Activity of Interleukin-35 in Response to Influenza A Virus Infection. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:16863-76. [PMID: 27307042 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.693101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-35 (IL-35) is a newly described member of the IL-12 family. It has been reported to inhibit inflammation and autoimmune inflammatory disease and can increase apoptotic sensitivity. Little is known about the role of IL-35 during viral infection. Herein, high levels of IL-35 were found in peripheral blood mononuclear cells and throat swabs from patients with seasonal influenza A virus (IAV) relative to healthy individuals. IAV infection of human lung epithelial and primary cells increased levels of IL-35 mRNA and protein. Further studies demonstrated that IAV-induced IL-35 transcription is regulated by NF-κB. IL-35 expression was significantly suppressed by selective inhibitors of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and inducible nitric-oxide synthase, indicating their involvement in IL-35 expression. Interestingly, IL-35 production may have suppressed IAV RNA replication and viral protein synthesis via induction of type I and III interferons (IFN), leading to activation of downstream IFN effectors, including double-stranded RNA-dependent protein kinase, 2',5'-oligoadenylate synthetase, and myxovirus resistance protein. IL-35 exhibited extensive antiviral activity against the hepatitis B virus, enterovirus 71, and vesicular stomatitis virus. Our results demonstrate that IL-35 is a novel IAV-inducible cytokine, and its production elicits antiviral activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Wang
- From the The State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China
| | - Shengli Zhu
- From the The State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China
| | - Gang Xu
- From the The State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China
| | - Jian Feng
- From the The State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China
| | - Tao Han
- From the The State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China
| | - Fanpeng Zhao
- From the The State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China
| | - Ying-Long She
- From the The State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China
| | - Shi Liu
- From the The State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China
| | - Linbai Ye
- From the The State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China
| | - Ying Zhu
- From the The State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China
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14
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Kadiyala V, Sasse SK, Altonsy MO, Berman R, Chu HW, Phang TL, Gerber AN. Cistrome-based Cooperation between Airway Epithelial Glucocorticoid Receptor and NF-κB Orchestrates Anti-inflammatory Effects. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:12673-12687. [PMID: 27076634 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.721217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Antagonism of pro-inflammatory transcription factors by monomeric glucocorticoid receptor (GR) has long been viewed as central to glucocorticoid (GC) efficacy. However, the mechanisms and targets through which GCs exert therapeutic effects in diseases such as asthma remain incompletely understood. We previously defined a surprising cooperative interaction between GR and NF-κB that enhanced expression of A20 (TNFAIP3), a potent inhibitor of NF-κB. Here we extend this observation to establish that A20 is required for maximal cytokine repression by GCs. To ascertain the global extent of GR and NF-κB cooperation, we determined genome-wide occupancy of GR, the p65 subunit of NF-κB, and RNA polymerase II in airway epithelial cells treated with dexamethasone, TNF, or both using chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by deep sequencing. We found that GR recruits p65 to dimeric GR binding sites across the genome and discovered additional regulatory elements in which GR-p65 cooperation augments gene expression. GR targets regulated by this mechanism include key anti-inflammatory and injury response genes such as SERPINA1, which encodes α1 antitrypsin, and FOXP4, an inhibitor of mucus production. Although dexamethasone treatment reduced RNA polymerase II occupancy of TNF targets such as IL8 and TNFAIP2, we were unable to correlate specific binding sequences for GR or occupancy patterns with repressive effects on transcription. Our results suggest that cooperative anti-inflammatory gene regulation by GR and p65 contributes to GC efficacy, whereas tethering interactions between GR and p65 are not universally required for GC-based gene repression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vineela Kadiyala
- From the Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado 80206
| | - Sarah K Sasse
- From the Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado 80206
| | - Mohammed O Altonsy
- From the Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado 80206,; Department of Zoology, Sohag University, Sohag 825224, Egypt, and
| | - Reena Berman
- From the Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado 80206
| | - Hong W Chu
- From the Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado 80206
| | - Tzu L Phang
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado, Denver, Colorado 80045
| | - Anthony N Gerber
- From the Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado 80206,; Department of Medicine, University of Colorado, Denver, Colorado 80045.
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15
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Jattani RP, Tritapoe JM, Pomerantz JL. Intramolecular Interactions and Regulation of Cofactor Binding by the Four Repressive Elements in the Caspase Recruitment Domain-containing Protein 11 (CARD11) Inhibitory Domain. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:8338-48. [PMID: 26884334 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.717322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The CARD11 signaling scaffold transmits signaling between antigen receptors on B and T lymphocytes and the transcription factor NF-κB during the adaptive immune response. CARD11 activity is controlled by an inhibitory domain (ID), which participates in intramolecular interactions and prevents cofactor binding prior to receptor triggering. Oncogenic CARD11 mutations associated with the activated B cell-like subtype of diffuse large B cell lymphoma somehow perturb ID-mediated autoinhibition to confer CARD11 with the dysregulated spontaneous signaling to NF-κB that is required for the proliferation and survival of the lymphoma. Here, we investigate how the four repressive elements (REs) we have discovered in the CARD11 ID function to inhibit CARD11 activity with cooperativity and redundancy. We find that each RE contributes to the maintenance of the closed inactive state of CARD11 that predominates in the absence of receptor engagement. Each RE also contributes to the prevention of Bcl10 binding in the basal unstimulated state. RE1, RE2, and RE3 participate in intramolecular interactions with other CARD11 domains and share domain targets for binding. Remarkably, diffuse large B cell lymphoma-associated gain-of-function mutations in the caspase recruitment domain, LATCH, or coiled coil can perturb intramolecular interactions mediated by multiple REs, suggesting how single amino acid oncogenic CARD11 mutations can perturb or bypass the action of redundant inhibitory REs to achieve the level of hyperactive CARD11 signaling required to support lymphoma growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rakhi P Jattani
- From the Department of Biological Chemistry, Institute for Cell Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
| | - Julia M Tritapoe
- From the Department of Biological Chemistry, Institute for Cell Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
| | - Joel L Pomerantz
- From the Department of Biological Chemistry, Institute for Cell Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
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16
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Lang I, Füllsack S, Wyzgol A, Fick A, Trebing J, Arana JAC, Schäfer V, Weisenberger D, Wajant H. Binding Studies of TNF Receptor Superfamily (TNFRSF) Receptors on Intact Cells. J Biol Chem 2015; 291:5022-37. [PMID: 26721880 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.683946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Ligands of the tumor necrosis factor superfamily (TNFSF) interact with members of the TNF receptor superfamily (TNFRSF). TNFSF ligand-TNFRSF receptor interactions have been intensively evaluated by many groups. The affinities of TNFSF ligand-TNFRSF receptor interactions are highly dependent on the oligomerization state of the receptor, and cellular factors (e.g. actin cytoskeleton and lipid rafts) influence the assembly of ligand-receptor complexes, too. Binding studies on TNFSF ligand-TNFRSF receptor interactions were typically performed using cell-free assays with recombinant fusion proteins that contain varying numbers of TNFRSF ectodomains. It is therefore not surprising that affinities determined for an individual TNFSF ligand-TNFRSF interaction differ sometimes by several orders of magnitude and often do not reflect the ligand activity observed in cellular assays. To overcome the intrinsic limitations of cell-free binding studies and usage of recombinant receptor domains, we performed comprehensive binding studies with Gaussia princeps luciferase TNFSF ligand fusion proteins for cell-bound TNFRSF members on intact cells at 37 °C. The affinities of the TNFSF ligand G. princeps luciferase-fusion proteins ranged between 0.01 and 19 nm and offer the currently most comprehensive and best suited panel of affinities for in silico studies of ligand-receptor systems of the TNF family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabell Lang
- From the Division of Molecular Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Würzburg, Röntgenring 11, 97070 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Simone Füllsack
- From the Division of Molecular Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Würzburg, Röntgenring 11, 97070 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Agnes Wyzgol
- From the Division of Molecular Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Würzburg, Röntgenring 11, 97070 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Andrea Fick
- From the Division of Molecular Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Würzburg, Röntgenring 11, 97070 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Johannes Trebing
- From the Division of Molecular Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Würzburg, Röntgenring 11, 97070 Würzburg, Germany
| | - José Antonio Carmona Arana
- From the Division of Molecular Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Würzburg, Röntgenring 11, 97070 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Viktoria Schäfer
- From the Division of Molecular Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Würzburg, Röntgenring 11, 97070 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Daniela Weisenberger
- From the Division of Molecular Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Würzburg, Röntgenring 11, 97070 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Harald Wajant
- From the Division of Molecular Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Würzburg, Röntgenring 11, 97070 Würzburg, Germany
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17
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Krock E, Currie JB, Weber MH, Ouellet JA, Stone LS, Rosenzweig DH, Haglund L. Nerve Growth Factor Is Regulated by Toll-Like Receptor 2 in Human Intervertebral Discs. J Biol Chem 2015; 291:3541-51. [PMID: 26668319 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.675900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Nerve growth factor (NGF) contributes to the development of chronic pain associated with degenerative connective tissue pathologies, such as intervertebral disc degeneration and osteoarthritis. However, surprisingly little is known about the regulation of NGF in these conditions. Toll-like receptors (TLR) are pattern recognition receptors classically associated with innate immunity but more recently were found to be activated by endogenous alarmins such as fragmented extracellular matrix proteins found in degenerating discs or cartilage. In this study we investigated if TLR activation regulates NGF and which signaling mechanisms control this response in intervertebral discs. TLR2 agonists, TLR4 agonists, or IL-1β (control) treatment increased NGF, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and IL-1β gene expression in human disc cells isolated from healthy, pain-free organ donors. However, only TLR2 activation or IL-1β treatment increased NGF protein secretion. TLR2 activation increased p38, ERK1/2, and p65 activity and increased p65 translocation to the cell nucleus. JNK activity was not affected by TLR2 activation. Inhibition of NF-κB, and to a lesser extent p38, but not ERK1/2 activity, blocked TLR2-driven NGF up-regulation at both the transcript and protein levels. These results provide a novel mechanism of NGF regulation in the intervertebral disc and potentially other pathogenic connective tissues. TLR2 and NF-κB signaling are known to increase cytokines and proteases, which accelerate matrix degradation. Therefore, TLR2 or NF-κB inhibition may both attenuate chronic pain and slow the degenerative progress in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emerson Krock
- From the Orthopeadic Research Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Alan Edwards Centre for Research on Pain, McGill Scoliosis and Spine Research Group
| | - J Brooke Currie
- From the Orthopeadic Research Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine
| | | | - Jean A Ouellet
- Alan Edwards Centre for Research on Pain, McGill Scoliosis and Spine Research Group
| | - Laura S Stone
- Alan Edwards Centre for Research on Pain, McGill Scoliosis and Spine Research Group, Integrated Program in Neuroscience, Departments of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology, and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, and Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Montreal Quebec H3G 1A4, Canada
| | - Derek H Rosenzweig
- From the Orthopeadic Research Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, McGill Scoliosis and Spine Research Group
| | - Lisbet Haglund
- From the Orthopeadic Research Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, McGill Scoliosis and Spine Research Group,
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18
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Lee D, Goldberg AL. Muscle Wasting in Fasting Requires Activation of NF-κB and Inhibition of AKT/Mechanistic Target of Rapamycin (mTOR) by the Protein Acetylase, GCN5. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:30269-79. [PMID: 26515065 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.685164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
NF-κB is best known for its pro-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic actions, but in skeletal muscle, NF-κB activation is important for atrophy upon denervation or cancer. Here, we show that also upon fasting, NF-κB becomes activated in muscle and is critical for the subsequent atrophy. Following food deprivation, the expression and acetylation of the p65 of NF-κB on lysine 310 increase markedly in muscles. NF-κB inhibition in mouse muscles by overexpression of the IκBα superrepressor (IκBα-SR) or of p65 mutated at Lys-310 prevented atrophy. Knockdown of GCN5 with shRNA or a dominant-negative GCN5 or overexpression of SIRT1 decreased p65K310 acetylation and muscle wasting upon starvation. In addition to reducing atrogene expression, surprisingly inhibiting NF-κB with IκBα-SR or by GCN5 knockdown in these muscles also enhanced AKT and mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) activities, which also contributed to the reduction in atrophy. These new roles of NF-κB and GCN5 in regulating muscle proteolysis and AKT/mTOR signaling suggest novel approaches to combat muscle wasting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donghoon Lee
- From the Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Masachusetts 02115
| | - Alfred L Goldberg
- From the Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Masachusetts 02115
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19
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Zhao Y, Ma CA, Wu L, Iwai K, Ashwell JD, Oltz EM, Ballard DW, Jain A. CYLD and the NEMO Zinc Finger Regulate Tumor Necrosis Factor Signaling and Early Embryogenesis. J Biol Chem 2015. [PMID: 26224629 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.658096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
NF-κB essential modulator (NEMO) and cylindromatosis protein (CYLD) are intracellular proteins that regulate the NF-κB signaling pathway. Although mice with either CYLD deficiency or an alteration in the zinc finger domain of NEMO (K392R) are born healthy, we found that the combination of these two gene defects in double mutant (DM) mice is early embryonic lethal but can be rescued by the absence of TNF receptor 1 (TNFR1). Notably, NEMO was not recruited into the TNFR1 complex of DM cells, and consequently NF-κB induction by TNF was severely impaired and DM cells were sensitized to TNF-induced cell death. Interestingly, the TNF signaling defects can be fully rescued by reconstitution of DM cells with CYLD lacking ubiquitin hydrolase activity but not with CYLD mutated in TNF receptor-associated factor 2 (TRAF2) or NEMO binding sites. Therefore, our data demonstrate an unexpected non-catalytic function for CYLD as an adapter protein between TRAF2 and the NEMO zinc finger that is important for TNF-induced NF-κB signaling during embryogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongge Zhao
- From the Laboratory of Host Defenses, NIAID, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892,
| | - Chi A Ma
- From the Laboratory of Host Defenses, NIAID, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Liming Wu
- From the Laboratory of Host Defenses, NIAID, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Kazuhiro Iwai
- the Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Jonathan D Ashwell
- the Laboratory of Immune Cell Biology, NCI, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Eugene M Oltz
- the Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, and
| | - Dean W Ballard
- the Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232
| | - Ashish Jain
- From the Laboratory of Host Defenses, NIAID, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892,
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20
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Zhang D, Yan H, Li H, Hao S, Zhuang Z, Liu M, Sun Q, Yang Y, Zhou M, Li K, Hang C. TGFβ-activated Kinase 1 (TAK1) Inhibition by 5Z-7-Oxozeaenol Attenuates Early Brain Injury after Experimental Subarachnoid Hemorrhage. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:19900-9. [PMID: 26100626 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.636795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence suggests that activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and nuclear factor NF-κB exacerbates early brain injury (EBI) following subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) by provoking proapoptotic and proinflammatory cellular signaling. Here we evaluate the role of TGFβ-activated kinase 1 (TAK1), a critical regulator of the NF-κB and MAPK pathways, in early brain injury following SAH. Although the expression level of TAK1 did not present significant alternation in the basal temporal lobe after SAH, the expression of phosphorylated TAK1 (Thr-187, p-TAK1) showed a substantial increase 24 h post-SAH. Intracerebroventricular injection of a selective TAK1 inhibitor (10 min post-SAH), 5Z-7-oxozeaenol (OZ), significantly reduced the levels of TAK1 and p-TAK1 at 24 h post-SAH. Involvement of MAPKs and NF-κB signaling pathways was revealed that OZ inhibited SAH-induced phosphorylation of p38 and JNK, the nuclear translocation of NF-κB p65, and degradation of IκBα. Furthermore, OZ administration diminished the SAH-induced apoptosis and EBI. As a result, neurological deficits caused by SAH were reversed. Our findings suggest that TAK1 inhibition confers marked neuroprotection against EBI following SAH. Therefore, TAK1 might be a promising new molecular target for the treatment of SAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dingding Zhang
- From the Department of Neurosurgery, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, 305 East Zhongshan Rd., Nanjing 210002, Jiangsu Province
| | - Huiying Yan
- From the Department of Neurosurgery, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, 305 East Zhongshan Rd., Nanjing 210002, Jiangsu Province
| | - Hua Li
- From the Department of Neurosurgery, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, 305 East Zhongshan Rd., Nanjing 210002, Jiangsu Province
| | - Shuangying Hao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, 22 Hankou Rd., Nanjing 210093, Jiangsu Province, and
| | - Zong Zhuang
- From the Department of Neurosurgery, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, 305 East Zhongshan Rd., Nanjing 210002, Jiangsu Province
| | - Ming Liu
- the Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Southern Medical University (Guangzhou), Jinling Hospital, 305 East Zhongshan Rd., Nanjing 210002, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Qing Sun
- From the Department of Neurosurgery, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, 305 East Zhongshan Rd., Nanjing 210002, Jiangsu Province
| | - Yiqing Yang
- From the Department of Neurosurgery, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, 305 East Zhongshan Rd., Nanjing 210002, Jiangsu Province
| | - Mengliang Zhou
- From the Department of Neurosurgery, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, 305 East Zhongshan Rd., Nanjing 210002, Jiangsu Province
| | - Kuanyu Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, 22 Hankou Rd., Nanjing 210093, Jiangsu Province, and
| | - Chunhua Hang
- From the Department of Neurosurgery, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, 305 East Zhongshan Rd., Nanjing 210002, Jiangsu Province, the Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Southern Medical University (Guangzhou), Jinling Hospital, 305 East Zhongshan Rd., Nanjing 210002, Jiangsu Province, China
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21
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Neidel S, Maluquer de Motes C, Mansur DS, Strnadova P, Smith GL, Graham SC. Vaccinia virus protein A49 is an unexpected member of the B-cell Lymphoma (Bcl)-2 protein family. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:5991-6002. [PMID: 25605733 PMCID: PMC4358236 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.624650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2014] [Revised: 01/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Vaccinia virus (VACV) encodes several proteins that inhibit activation of the proinflammatory transcription factor nuclear factor κB (NF-κB). VACV protein A49 prevents translocation of NF-κB to the nucleus by sequestering cellular β-TrCP, a protein required for the degradation of the inhibitor of κB. A49 does not share overall sequence similarity with any protein of known structure or function. We solved the crystal structure of A49 from VACV Western Reserve to 1.8 Å resolution and showed, surprisingly, that A49 has the same three-dimensional fold as Bcl-2 family proteins despite lacking identifiable sequence similarity. Whereas Bcl-2 family members characteristically modulate cellular apoptosis, A49 lacks a surface groove suitable for binding BH3 peptides and does not bind proapoptotic Bcl-2 family proteins Bax or Bak. The N-terminal 17 residues of A49 do not adopt a single well ordered conformation, consistent with their proposed role in binding β-TrCP. Whereas pairs of A49 molecules interact symmetrically via a large hydrophobic surface in crystallo, A49 does not dimerize in solution or in cells, and we propose that this hydrophobic interaction surface may mediate binding to a yet undefined cellular partner. A49 represents the eleventh VACV Bcl-2 family protein and, despite these proteins sharing very low sequence identity, structure-based phylogenetic analysis shows that all poxvirus Bcl-2 proteins are structurally more similar to each other than they are to any cellular or herpesvirus Bcl-2 proteins. This is consistent with duplication and diversification of a single BCL2 family gene acquired by an ancestral poxvirus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Neidel
- From the Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QP, United Kingdom and
| | - Carlos Maluquer de Motes
- From the Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QP, United Kingdom and
| | - Daniel S Mansur
- the Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, 88040-900 Brazil
| | - Pavla Strnadova
- From the Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QP, United Kingdom and
| | - Geoffrey L Smith
- From the Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QP, United Kingdom and
| | - Stephen C Graham
- From the Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QP, United Kingdom and
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22
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Abstract
Rho GTPases are frequent targets of virulence factors as they are keystone signaling molecules. Herein, we demonstrate that AMPylation of Rho GTPases by VopS is a multifaceted virulence mechanism that counters several host immunity strategies. Activation of NFκB, Erk, and JNK kinase signaling pathways were inhibited in a VopS-dependent manner during infection with Vibrio parahaemolyticus. Phosphorylation and degradation of IKBα were inhibited in the presence of VopS as was nuclear translocation of the NFκB subunit p65. AMPylation also prevented the generation of superoxide by the phagocytic NADPH oxidase complex, potentially by inhibiting the interaction of Rac and p67. Furthermore, the interaction of GTPases with the E3 ubiquitin ligases cIAP1 and XIAP was hindered, leading to decreased degradation of Rac and RhoA during infection. Finally, we screened for novel Rac1 interactions using a nucleic acid programmable protein array and discovered that Rac1 binds to the protein C1QA, a protein known to promote immune signaling in the cytosol. Interestingly, this interaction was disrupted by AMPylation. We conclude that AMPylation of Rho Family GTPases by VopS results in diverse inhibitory consequences during infection beyond the most obvious phenotype, the collapse of the actin cytoskeleton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew R Woolery
- From the Department of Molecular Biology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390-9148 and
| | - Xiaobo Yu
- The Virginia G. Piper Center for Personalized Diagnostics, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287
| | - Joshua LaBaer
- The Virginia G. Piper Center for Personalized Diagnostics, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287
| | - Kim Orth
- From the Department of Molecular Biology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390-9148 and
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23
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Shanmugasundaram K, Nayak B, Shim EH, Livi CB, Block K, Sudarshan S. The oncometabolite fumarate promotes pseudohypoxia through noncanonical activation of NF-κB signaling. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:24691-9. [PMID: 25028521 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.568162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Inactivating mutations of the gene encoding the tricarboxylic acid cycle enzyme fumarate hydratase (FH) have been linked to an aggressive variant of hereditary kidney cancer (hereditary leiomyomatosis and renal cell cancer). These tumors accumulate markedly elevated levels of fumarate. Fumarate is among a growing list of oncometabolites identified in cancers with mutations of genes involved in intermediary metabolism. FH-deficient tumors are notable for their pronounced accumulation of the transcription factor hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) and aggressive behavior. To date, HIF-1α accumulation in hereditary leiomyomatosis and renal cell cancer tumors is thought to result from fumarate-dependent inhibition of prolyl hydroxylases and subsequent evasion from von Hippel-Lindau-dependent degradation. Here, we demonstrate a novel mechanism by which fumarate promotes HIF-1α mRNA and protein accumulation independent of the von Hippel-Lindau pathway. Here we demonstrate that fumarate promotes p65 phosphorylation and p65 accumulation at the HIF-1α promoter through non-canonical signaling via the upstream Tank binding kinase 1 (TBK1). Consistent with these data, inhibition of the TBK1/p65 axis blocks HIF-1α accumulation in cellular models of FH loss and markedly reduces cell invasion of FH-deficient RCC cancer cells. Collectively, our data demonstrate a novel mechanism by which pseudohypoxia is promoted in FH-deficient tumors and identifies TBK1 as a novel putative therapeutic target for the treatment of aggressive fumarate-driven tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Eun-Hee Shim
- the Department of Urology, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Alabama 35294, and
| | - Carolina B Livi
- Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Sciences Center, San Antonio, Texas 78229
| | - Karen Block
- From the Departments of Medicine and the South Texas Veterans Health Care System, Audie L. Murphy Memorial Hospital Division, San Antonio, Texas 78229
| | - Sunil Sudarshan
- the Department of Urology, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Alabama 35294, and
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24
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Kim H, Choi JA, Kim JH. Ras promotes transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β)-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition via a leukotriene B4 receptor-2-linked cascade in mammary epithelial cells. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:22151-60. [PMID: 24990945 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.556126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation and inflammatory mediators are inextricably linked with epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) through complex pathways in the tumor microenvironment. However, the mechanism by which inflammatory mediators, such as the lipid inflammatory mediators, eicosanoids, contribute to EMT is largely unknown. In the present study we observed that BLT2, leukotriene B4 receptor-2, is markedly up-regulated by oncogenic Ras and promotes EMT in response to transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) in mammary epithelial cells. Blockade of BLT2 by the BLT2 inhibitor LY255283 or by siRNA reduced EMT induced by Ras in the presence of TGF-β. In addition, stimulation of BLT2 by the addition of a BLT2 ligand, such as leukotriene B4, restored EMT in the presence of TGF-β in human immortalized mammary epithelial MCF-10A cells. We further searched BLT2 downstream components and identified reactive oxygen species and nuclear factor κB as critical components that contribute to EMT. Taken together, these results demonstrate for the first time that a BLT2-linked inflammatory pathway contributes to EMT. This provides valuable insight into the mechanism of EMT in mammary epithelial cells. In addition, considering the implications of EMT with the stemness of cancer cells, our finding may contribute to a better understanding of tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunju Kim
- From the College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 136-701, Korea
| | - Jung-A Choi
- From the College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 136-701, Korea
| | - Jae-Hong Kim
- From the College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 136-701, Korea
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25
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Du J, An R, Chen L, Shen Y, Chen Y, Cheng L, Jiang Z, Zhang A, Yu L, Chu D, Shen Y, Luo Q, Chen H, Wan L, Li M, Xu X, Shen J. WITHDRAWN: Toxoplasma gondii virulence factor ROP18 inhibits the host NF-κB pathway by promoting p65 degradation. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:12578-92. [PMID: 24648522 PMCID: PMC4007449 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.544718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2013] [Revised: 03/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The obligate intracellular parasite Toxoplasma gondii secretes effector molecules into the host cell to modulate host immunity. Previous studies have shown that T. gondii could interfere with host NF-κB signaling to promote their survival, but the effectors of type I strains remain unclear. The polymorphic rhoptry protein ROP18 is a key serine/threonine kinase that phosphorylates host proteins to modulate acute virulence. Our data demonstrated that the N-terminal portion of ROP18 is associated with the dimerization domain of p65. ROP18 phosphorylates p65 at Ser-468 and targets this protein to the ubiquitin-dependent degradation pathway. The kinase activity of ROP18 is required for p65 degradation and suppresses NF-κB activation. Consistently, compared with wild-type ROP18 strain, ROP18 kinase-deficient type I parasites displayed a severe inability to inhibit NF-κB, culminating in the enhanced production of IL-6, IL-12, and TNF-α in infected macrophages. In addition, studies have shown that transgenic parasites carrying kinase-deficient ROP18 induce M1-biased activation. These results demonstrate for the first time that the virulence factor ROP18 in T. gondii type I strains is responsible for inhibiting the host NF-κB pathway and for suppressing proinflammatory cytokine expression, thus providing a survival advantage to the infectious agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Du
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Ran An
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Lijian Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Yuxian Shen
- Institute of Biopharmaceuticals, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Ying Chen
- Institute of Biopharmaceuticals, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Li Cheng
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Zhongru Jiang
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Aimei Zhang
- Central Laboratory of Affiliated Provincial Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230001, China, and
| | - Li Yu
- Anhui Provincial Laboratory of Microbiology and Parasitology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Deyong Chu
- Anhui Provincial Laboratory of Microbiology and Parasitology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Yujun Shen
- Institute of Biopharmaceuticals, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Qingli Luo
- Anhui Provincial Laboratory of Microbiology and Parasitology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - He Chen
- Anhui Provincial Laboratory of Microbiology and Parasitology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Lijuan Wan
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Min Li
- Anhui Provincial Laboratory of Microbiology and Parasitology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Xiucai Xu
- Central Laboratory of Affiliated Provincial Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230001, China, and
| | - Jilong Shen
- Anhui Provincial Laboratory of Microbiology and Parasitology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
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26
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Kemter E, Sklenak S, Rathkolb B, Hrabě de Angelis M, Wolf E, Aigner B, Wanke R. No amelioration of uromodulin maturation and trafficking defect by sodium 4-phenylbutyrate in vivo: studies in mouse models of uromodulin-associated kidney disease. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:10715-10726. [PMID: 24567330 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.537035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Uromodulin (UMOD)-associated kidney disease (UAKD) belongs to the hereditary progressive ER storage diseases caused by maturation defects of mutant UMOD protein. Current treatments of UAKD patients are symptomatic and cannot prevent disease progression. Two in vitro studies reported a positive effect of the chemical chaperone sodium 4-phenylbutyrate (4-PBA) on mutant UMOD maturation. Thus, 4-PBA was suggested as a potential treatment for UAKD. This study evaluated the effects of 4-PBA in two mouse models of UAKD. In contrast to previous in vitro studies, treatment with 4-PBA did not increase HSP70 expression or improve maturation and trafficking of mutant UMOD in vivo. Kidney function of UAKD mice was actually deteriorated by 4-PBA treatment. In transfected tubular epithelial cells, 4-PBA did not improve maturation but increased the expression level of both mutant and wild-type UMOD protein. Activation of NF-κB pathway in thick ascending limb of Henle's loop cells of UAKD mice was detected by increased abundance of RelB and phospho-IκB kinase α/β, an indirect activator of NF-κB. Furthermore, the abundance of NF-κB1 p105/p50, NF-κB2 p100/p52, and TRAF2 was increased in UAKD. NF-κB activation was identified as a novel disease mechanism of UAKD and might be a target for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Kemter
- Chair for Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, Gene Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 81377 Munich, Germany.
| | - Stefanie Sklenak
- Chair for Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, Gene Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Birgit Rathkolb
- Chair for Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, Gene Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 81377 Munich, Germany; German Mouse Clinic, Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; German Research Center of Diabetes Research (DZD), Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Martin Hrabě de Angelis
- German Mouse Clinic, Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; German Research Center of Diabetes Research (DZD), Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Eckhard Wolf
- Chair for Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, Gene Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Bernhard Aigner
- Chair for Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, Gene Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Ruediger Wanke
- Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Center for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 80539 Munich, Germany
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27
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Du Y, Teng X, Wang N, Zhang X, Chen J, Ding P, Qiao Q, Wang Q, Zhang L, Yang C, Yang Z, Chu Y, Du X, Zhou X, Hu W. NF-κB and enhancer-binding CREB protein scaffolded by CREB-binding protein (CBP)/p300 proteins regulate CD59 protein expression to protect cells from complement attack. J Biol Chem 2013; 289:2711-24. [PMID: 24338025 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.525501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The complement system can be activated spontaneously for immune surveillance or induced to clear invading pathogens, in which the membrane attack complex (MAC, C5b-9) plays a critical role. CD59 is the sole membrane complement regulatory protein (mCRP) that restricts MAC assembly. CD59, therefore, protects innocent host cells from attacks by the complement system, and host cells require the constitutive and inducible expression of CD59 to protect themselves from deleterious destruction by complement. However, the mechanisms that underlie CD59 regulation remain largely unknown. In this study we demonstrate that the widely expressed transcription factor Sp1 may regulate the constitutive expression of CD59, whereas CREB-binding protein (CBP)/p300 bridge NF-κB and CREB, which surprisingly functions as an enhancer-binding protein to induce the up-regulation of CD59 during in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-triggered complement activation, thus conferring host defense against further MAC-mediated destruction. Moreover, individual treatment with LPS, TNF-α, and the complement activation products (sublytic MAC (SC5b-9) and C5a) could increase the expression of CD59 mainly by activating NF-κB and CREB signaling pathways. Together, our findings identify a novel gene regulation mechanism involving CBP/p300, NF-κB, and CREB; this mechanism suggests potential drug targets for controlling various complement-related human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiqun Du
- From the Cancer Institute, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center and Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
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28
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Singha B, Gatla HR, Manna S, Chang TP, Sanacora S, Poltoratsky V, Vancura A, Vancurova I. Proteasome inhibition increases recruitment of IκB kinase β (IKKβ), S536P-p65, and transcription factor EGR1 to interleukin-8 (IL-8) promoter, resulting in increased IL-8 production in ovarian cancer cells. J Biol Chem 2013; 289:2687-700. [PMID: 24337575 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.502641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Proinflammatory and pro-angiogenic chemokine interleukin-8 (IL-8, CXCL8) contributes to ovarian cancer progression through its induction of tumor cell proliferation, survival, angiogenesis, and metastasis. Proteasome inhibition by bortezomib, which has been used as a frontline therapy in multiple myeloma, has shown only limited effectiveness in ovarian cancer and other solid tumors. However, the responsible mechanisms remain elusive. Here, we show that proteasome inhibition dramatically increases the IL-8 expression and release in ovarian cancer cells. The responsible mechanism involves an increased nuclear accumulation of IκB kinase β (IKKβ) and an increased recruitment of the nuclear IKKβ, p65-phosphorylated at Ser-536, and the transcription factor early growth response-1 (EGR-1) to the endogenous IL-8 promoter. Coimmunoprecipitation studies identified the nuclear EGR-1 associated with IKKβ and with p65, with preferential binding to S536P-p65. Both IKKβ activity and EGR-1 expression are required for the increased IL-8 expression induced by proteasome inhibition in ovarian cancer cells. Interestingly, in multiple myeloma cells the IL-8 release is not increased by bortezomib. Together, these data indicate that the increased IL-8 release may represent one of the underlying mechanisms responsible for the decreased effectiveness of proteasome inhibition in ovarian cancer treatment and identify IKKβ and EGR-1 as potential new targets in ovarian cancer combination therapies.
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Smit JJ, van Dijk WJ, El Atmioui D, Merkx R, Ovaa H, Sixma TK. Target specificity of the E3 ligase LUBAC for ubiquitin and NEMO relies on different minimal requirements. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:31728-37. [PMID: 24030825 PMCID: PMC3814767 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.495846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The ubiquitination of NEMO with linear ubiquitin chains by the E3-ligase LUBAC is important for the activation of the canonical NF-κB pathway. NEMO ubiquitination requires a dual target specificity of LUBAC, priming on a lysine on NEMO and chain elongation on the N terminus of the priming ubiquitin. Here we explore the minimal requirements for these specificities. Effective linear chain formation requires a precise positioning of the ubiquitin N-terminal amine in a negatively charged environment on the top of ubiquitin. Whereas the RBR-LDD region on HOIP is sufficient for targeting the ubiquitin N terminus, the priming lysine modification on NEMO requires catalysis by the RBR domain of HOIL-1L as well as the catalytic machinery of the RBR-LDD domains of HOIP. Consequently, target specificity toward NEMO is determined by multiple LUBAC components, whereas linear ubiquitin chain elongation is realized by a specific interplay between HOIP and ubiquitin.
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