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Khoshakhlagh AH, Ghobakhloo S, Peijnenburg WJGM, Gruszecka-Kosowska A, Cicchella D. To breathe or not to breathe: Inhalational exposure to heavy metals and related health risk. Sci Total Environ 2024; 932:172556. [PMID: 38679085 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
This study reviewed scientific literature on inhalation exposure to heavy metals (HMs) in various indoor and outdoor environments and related carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risk. A systematic search in Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, Embase, and Medline databases yielded 712 results and 43 articles met the requirements of the Population, Exposure, Comparator, and Outcomes (PECO) criteria. Results revealed that HM concentrations in most households exceeded the World Health Organization (WHO) guideline values, indicating moderate pollution and dominant anthropogenic emission sources of HMs. In the analyzed schools, universities, and offices low to moderate levels of air pollution with HMs were revealed, while in commercial environments high levels of air pollution were stated. The non-carcinogenic risk due to inhalation HM exposure exceeded the acceptable level of 1 in households, cafes, hospitals, restaurants, and metros. The carcinogenic risk for As and Cr in households, for Cd, Cr, Ni, As, and Co in educational environments, for Pb, Cd, Cr, and Co in offices and commercial environments, and for Ni in metros exceeded the acceptable level of 1 × 10-4. Carcinogenic risk was revealed to be higher indoors than outdoors. This review advocates for fast and effective actions to reduce HM exposure for safer breathing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Hossein Khoshakhlagh
- Department of Occupational Health Engineering, School of Health, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Safiye Ghobakhloo
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.
| | - Willie J G M Peijnenburg
- Institute of Environmental Sciences (CML), Leiden University, Leiden 2300RA, the Netherlands; National Institute of Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Center for Safety of Substances and Products, Bilthoven 3720BA, the Netherlands
| | - Agnieszka Gruszecka-Kosowska
- AGH University of Krakow; Faculty of Geology, Geophysics, and Environmental Protection, Department of Environmental Protection, Al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krakow, Poland
| | - Domenico Cicchella
- Department of Science and Technology, University of Sannio, 82100 Benevento, Italy
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Khoshakhlagh AH, Mohammadzadeh M, Ghobakhloo S, Cheng H, Gruszecka-Kosowska A, Knight J. Health risk assessment from inhalation exposure to indoor formaldehyde: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Hazard Mater 2024; 471:134307. [PMID: 38678702 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.134307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2024] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
This systematic review and meta-analysis investigated studies on formaldehyde (FA) inhalation exposure in indoor environments and related carcinogenic (CR) and non-carcinogenic (HQ) risk. Studies were obtained from Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science, Medline, and Embase databases without time limitation until November 21, 2023. Studies not meeting the criteria of Population, Exposure, Comparator, and Outcomes (PECO) were excluded. The 45 articles included belonged to the 5 types of sites: dwelling environments, educational centers, kindergartens, vehicle cabins, and other indoor environments. A meta-analysis determined the average effect size (ES) between indoor FA concentrations, CR, and HQ values in each type of indoor environment. FA concentrations ranged from 0.01 to 1620 μg/m3. The highest FA concentrations were stated in water pipe cafés and the lowest in residential environments. In more than 90% of the studies uncertain (1.00 ×10-6 1.00 ×10-4) due to FA inhalation exposure was reported and non-carcinogenic risk was stated acceptable. The meta-analysis revealed the highest CR values due to inhalation of indoor FA in high-income countries. As 90% of the time is spent indoors, it is crucial to adopt effective strategies to reduce FA concentrations, especially in kindergartens and schools, with regular monitoring of indoor air quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Hossein Khoshakhlagh
- Department of Occupational Health Engineering, School of Health, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Mahdiyeh Mohammadzadeh
- Department of Health in Emergencies and Disasters, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Safiye Ghobakhloo
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Hefa Cheng
- MOE Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Agnieszka Gruszecka-Kosowska
- AGH University of Krakow, Faculty of Geology, Geophysics, and Environmental Protection, Department of Environmental Protection, Al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059, Krakow, Poland
| | - Jasper Knight
- School of Geography, Archaeology & Environmental Studies, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2050, South Africa
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Yadav SK, Attry B, Shukla S, Dutta S, Sharma K, Rajak R, Gupta A, Baruah B, Ranjan RK. Distribution, toxicity load and risk assessment of heavy metals in the groundwater of Dhemaji, Assam, India. Chemosphere 2024; 358:141979. [PMID: 38685324 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.141979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Metal contamination in drinking water has drawn attention since it gravely jeopardizes human health. This study was conducted in pre- and post-monsoon season in 2021 at Dhemaji, Assam, India. It characterized metal pollutants in groundwater, their distribution, possible sources, and evaluated the potential toxicity and associated health risk assessment. The seasonal mean concentration of Fe in both seasons is observed highest followed by Mn, Zn, Cu, As, and Ni. Furthermore, the metal concentrations during pre-monsoon are comparatively higher. The geogenic processes and agricultural practices are the major sources of groundwater metal contamination as evident from the statistical analysis. The different pollution indices viz. Heavy-metal Pollution Index (HPI), Heavy-metal Evaluation Index (HEI) and Degree of Contamination (Cd) suggested that groundwater is not suitable for drinking uses. The Heavy Metal Toxicity Load (HMTL) suggesting As, Co, Mn and Hg should be removed from the groundwater to ensure safety. Water pollution indices (WPI) suggest that Fe, Mn, As and Ni are the main pollution-causing metals in the study area which may be restored under the BIS and WHO limit by diluting the water. The human health risk has been calculated by carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risk assessment. The non-carcinogenic risk for adults and children is within the threshold limit. The carcinogenic risk shows that continuous exposure of As and Ni may give rise to cancer among adults and children in the region. Therefore, comprehensive groundwater quality monitoring with well-planned treatment should be needed to provide safe and clean drinking water in the studied area.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Binud Attry
- Department of Geology, Sikkim University, Sikkim, 737102, India
| | - Sudeep Shukla
- Environment Pollution Analysis Lab, Bhiwadi, Haryana, 127021, India
| | - Shruti Dutta
- Department of Geology, Sikkim University, Sikkim, 737102, India
| | - Khushboo Sharma
- Department of Geology, Sikkim University, Sikkim, 737102, India
| | - Rajeev Rajak
- Department of Geology, Sikkim University, Sikkim, 737102, India
| | - Aparna Gupta
- Department of Geology, Sikkim University, Sikkim, 737102, India
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Salehi F, Esmaeilbeigi M, Kazemi A, Sharafi S, Sahebi Z, Asl AG. Spatial health risk assessments of nickel in the groundwater sources of a mining-impacted area. Sci Rep 2024; 14:11017. [PMID: 38745041 PMCID: PMC11094187 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-61914-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Mining activities have increased the potential risks of metal pollution to the groundwater resources in arid areas across the globe. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the health risk associated with nickel (Ni) in the groundwater sources of a mining-impacted area, South Khorasan, Eastern Iran. A total of 110 stations were included in the study, comprising 62 wells, 40 qanats, and 8 springs in summer, 2020. Initially, the collected samples were tested for temperature, pH, and electrical conductivity (EC). Subsequently, the samples were filtered and treated with nitric acid (HNO3) to measure the concentration of Ni using Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS). Hazard quotient (HQ) and non-carcinogenic risk assessments were employed to evaluate the potential risks of Ni to the inhabitants. The findings revealed that the concentration of Ni ranged from 0.02 to 132.39 μg l-1, and only two stations exhibited Ni concentrations above the WHO standards (20 μg l-1). The results demonstrated that 98.21% of the sampled locations had HQ values below one, indicating negligible risk, while 1.78% of the stations exhibited HQ values of one or higher, representing a high non-carcinogenic risk for water consumers. Overall, the concentration of nickel in the groundwater of South Khorasan exceeded the World Health Organization (WHO) limit solely in the Halvan station, posing a non-carcinogenic risk for the residents in that area, and therefore, additional efforts should be made to provide healthier groundwater to consumers in this region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Salehi
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, Arak University, Arak, Iran
| | - Milad Esmaeilbeigi
- Centre for Applied Water Science, Institute for Applied Ecology, University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Ali Kazemi
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, Arak University, Arak, Iran.
| | - Saeed Sharafi
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, Arak University, Arak, Iran
| | | | - Ali Ghanavati Asl
- Researcher in Environmental Science and Engineering, Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz, Khuzestan, Iran
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Tsegay G, Lartey-Young G, Sibhat M, Gao Y, Guo LC, Meng XZ. An integrated approach to assess human health risk of neonicotinoid insecticides in surface water of the Yangtze River Basin, China. J Hazard Mater 2024; 469:133915. [PMID: 38452669 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.133915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Neonicotinoids are widely used insecticides that have raised considerable concerns for both environmental and human health. However, there lack of comprehensive evaluation of their accumulation in surface water ecosystems and exposure to various human groups. Additionally, there's a distinct lack of scientific evidence describing the carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic impacts of neonicotinoids from surface water. Using an integrated approach employing the Relative Potency Factor (RPF), Hazard Index (HI), and Monte Carlo Simulation (MCS), the study assessed neonicotinoid exposure and risk to four demographic groups via dermal contact and mistaken oral intake pathways in the Yangtze River Basin (YRB), China. Neonicotinoid concentrations range from 0.1 to 408.12 ng/L, indicating potential risk (10-3 to 10-1) across the studied demographic groups. The Incremental Lifetime Cancer Risk (ILCR) for dermal contact was within a moderate range of 2.00 × 10-3 to 1.67 × 10-2, while the mistaken oral intake was also within a moderate range of 3.07 × 10-3 to 7.05 × 10-3. The Hazard Index (HI) for dermal exposure ranged from 1.49 × 10-2 to 0.125, while for mistaken oral intake, it varied between 2.69 × 10-2 and 0.14. The findings highlight the importance of implementing specific interventions to address neonicotinoid exposure, especially among demographic groups that are more susceptible. This research underscores the urgent need for targeted strategies to address neonicotinoid risks to vulnerable populations within the YRB while contributing to insights for effective policies to mitigate neonicotinoid exposure in surface water ecosystems globally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gedion Tsegay
- UNEP-TONGJI Institute of Environment for Sustainable Development (IESD), College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China; Jiaxing-Tongji Environmental Research Institute, 1994 Linggongtang Road, Jiaxing 314051, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - George Lartey-Young
- UNEP-TONGJI Institute of Environment for Sustainable Development (IESD), College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Marta Sibhat
- UNEP-TONGJI Institute of Environment for Sustainable Development (IESD), College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yunze Gao
- Jiaxing-Tongji Environmental Research Institute, 1994 Linggongtang Road, Jiaxing 314051, Zhejiang Province, China; Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Ling-Chuan Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Ecological Effect and Risk Assessment of Chemicals, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Xiang-Zhou Meng
- Jiaxing-Tongji Environmental Research Institute, 1994 Linggongtang Road, Jiaxing 314051, Zhejiang Province, China; Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China.
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Tokumura M, Miyazaki J, Hossain M, Hossain A, Raknuzzaman M, Wang Q, Miyake Y, Amagai T, Masunaga S, Islam S, Islam MR, Makino M. Evaluation of the potentials of rice varieties and water management practices for reducing human health risks associated with polluted river water irrigated rice in Bangladesh. Sci Total Environ 2024; 923:171244. [PMID: 38402978 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
The consumption of arsenic and trace-metal-contaminated rice is a human health concern worldwide, particularly in Bangladesh. In this study, the effects of rice varieties and water management practices on the concentrations of arsenic and trace metals in rice grains were investigated to reduce human health risks related to rice consumption. In addition, the performance of risk reduction using the optimum combination of rice variety and water management practices was quantitatively assessed using Monte Carlo simulation, in which non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risk distributions under the status quo and the optimum combination were compared. The experimental results revealed that Dular and BRRI dhan45 (rice varieties) cultivated under alternate wetting and drying (AWD) and continuous flooding (CF) conditions showed the lowest hazard quotient (HQ) values for copper, cadmium, and arsenic and the lowest target cancer risk (TR) for arsenic. In Dular and BRRI dhan45 (AWD and CF) varieties, the proportion of the population for which HQs exceeded 1.0 (the reference value) tended to decrease (except for arsenic), compared with populations for which the rice varieties and water management practices were not specified. These results suggest that the use of optimum combinations of rice varieties and water management practices could reduce non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks associated with arsenic and trace metals uptake via rice grain consumption by the Bangladeshi people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Tokumura
- Graduate Division of Nutritional and Environmental Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Jumpei Miyazaki
- Graduate Division of Nutritional and Environmental Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Mahmud Hossain
- Department of Soil Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
| | - Anwar Hossain
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | | | - Qi Wang
- Graduate Division of Nutritional and Environmental Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan; National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Yuichi Miyake
- Graduate Division of Nutritional and Environmental Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan; Yokohama National University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Takashi Amagai
- Graduate Division of Nutritional and Environmental Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan.
| | - Shigeki Masunaga
- Graduate Division of Nutritional and Environmental Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan; Yokohama National University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Shofiqul Islam
- Department of Soil Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
| | | | - Masakazu Makino
- Graduate Division of Nutritional and Environmental Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan
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Tawfeeq JMS, Dişli E, Hamed MH. Hydrogeochemical evolution processes, groundwater quality, and non-carcinogenic risk assessment of nitrate-enriched groundwater to human health in different seasons in the Hawler (Erbil) and Bnaslawa Urbans, Iraq. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2024; 31:26182-26203. [PMID: 38499922 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-32715-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
The main objectives of this research are to assess groundwater, a primary source of drinking water in the urban areas of Hawler (Erbil) and Bnaslawa in northern Iraq, and the non-carcinogenic human health risks of nitrate contamination associated with drinking water quality. For this purpose, twenty-seven groundwater samples were collected from wells to assess the hydrogeochemical characteristics and groundwater quality for both natural and anthropogenic purposes during the wet (May 2020) and dry (September 2020) seasons. During the wet and dry seasons, NO3- in groundwater ranged from 14.00 to 61.00 mg/L and 12.00 to 60.00 mg/L, with an average value of 35.70 and 29.00 mg/L, respectively. Approximately 25.92% of the samples exceeded the permissible limit of the WHO (2011) drinking water standard. The ratios of NO3-/Na+ vs. Cl-/Na+ and SO42-/Na+ vs. NO3-/Na+ indicate the effect of agricultural activities and wastewater leaking from cesspools or septic tanks on the quality of groundwater during the wet and dry seasons. The entropy weighted water quality index method ranked 62.5% and 75% of the urban groundwater as not recommended for drinking, and the remaining samples are moderately suitable in both wet and dry seasons. The non-carcinogenic human health risk assessment displayed that during the wet and dry seasons, 29.6% and 25.9% of adults, 48% and 30% of children, and 48.1% and 29.6% of infants were exposed to increased concentrations of nitrate in groundwater. Due to high nitrate in drinking water, non-carcinogenic human health risk levels vary as infant > child > adults. The main findings obtained from this study can assist policymakers in better understanding the hydrogeochemical properties of groundwater in terms of drinking water safety, thereby facilitating the management of water resources to take the necessary measures.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Erkan Dişli
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Van Yüzüncü Yıl University, Van, 65080, Türkiye.
| | - Masoud Hussein Hamed
- Department of Geology, College of Science, Salahaddin University, Erbil, 44001, Iraq
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Birch G, Wang X, Liu E. Human health risk assessment of metal-contaminated soils in Sydney estuary catchment (Australia). Environ Geochem Health 2024; 46:125. [PMID: 38483680 PMCID: PMC10940391 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-024-01898-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
Sydney estuary catchment supports the largest city in Australia and provides essential eco-social and environmental services; however, the region has been influenced by extensive anthropogenic modification. Soil metal concentrations in the catchment had been studied previously; however, the current investigation was designed to determine the risk posed by these contaminants to human health. Soil metal concentrations were higher than observed in most global capitals and increased substantially in the south and south-east of the catchment and close to the central business district. Road-side soils and road dust contained the highest concentration of metals in the catchment. Lead in catchment soils was closely related to traffic density and sourced from the historic use of Pb in petrol. A human health assessment indicated that soil Cd, Ni and Zn posed no non-carcinogenic risk (NCR), or carcinogenic risk (CR) for children, or adults in Sydney estuary catchment and that Cu and Cr may pose minor NCR for children. Vehicle-related Pb raised the greatest human health risk in catchment soils and may pose NCR at 32% and 4.3% of sites for children and adults, respectively. Inconsistent analytical techniques used in CR and NCR evaluations produce incomparable assessments and a consistent` methodology is suggested to improve interpretation. Human health risk may well be higher than commonly calculated due to pollutants present in urban soil not being included in assessments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gavin Birch
- Geocoastal Research Group, School of Geosciences, Sydney University, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia.
| | - Xiaoyu Wang
- College of Geography and Environment, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250358, People's Republic of China
| | - Enfeng Liu
- Geocoastal Research Group, School of Geosciences, Sydney University, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
- College of Geography and Environment, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250358, People's Republic of China
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Moradnia M, Attar HM, Hajizadeh Y, Lundh T, Salari M, Darvishmotevalli M. Assessing the carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic health risks of metals in the drinking water of Isfahan, Iran. Sci Rep 2024; 14:5029. [PMID: 38424133 PMCID: PMC10904872 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-55615-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Metals are significant contributors to water pollution, posing serious threats to human health. This study aims to assess the carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic health risks associated with metals in Isfahan drinking water. Eighty water samples were randomly collected from the city's distribution network between January and March 2020-2021. Inductively coupled plasma Optical Emission Spectrometry was used to measure toxic metals, namely Pb, Cr, Cd, Ni, and As concentrations. Results revealed that the mean concentration of Ni (70.03 µg/L) exceeded the WHO reference value (70 µg/L), while the other metals were below the standard values. The average chronic daily intake order of toxic metals was Ni > Cr > Pb > As > Cd. Non-carcinogenic risk assessment through hazard quotient (HQ) and hazard index (HI) demonstrated that both THI for adults (HQingestion + HQdermal = 4.02E-03) and THI for children (HIingestion + HIdermal = 3.83E-03) were below the acceptable limit (less than 1). This indicated no non-carcinogenic risk to residents through water ingestion or dermal exposure. However, findings indicated that the ingestion route was the primary exposure pathway, with HQ values for ingestion exceeding HQ values for dermal adsorption. Carcinogenic risk assessment showed that the risk associated with As metal exceeded the acceptable limit (1 × 10-6). Therefore, implementing treatment improvement programs and appropriate control measures is essential to safeguard the health of Isfahan City residents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Moradnia
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Hossein Movahedian Attar
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Yaghoub Hajizadeh
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
- Environment Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-Communicable Disease, University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Thomas Lundh
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Mehdi Salari
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran
- Leishmaniasis Research Center, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran
| | - Mohammad Darvishmotevalli
- Research Center for Health, Safety, and Environment (RCHSE), Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran.
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Health, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran.
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Behera RR, Satapathy DR, Majhi A. Human health risk assessment model associated with PM2.5 bound metals in paradip port township, India. Chemosphere 2024; 350:141111. [PMID: 38176588 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.141111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
This study aimed to assess the environmental risk and human health risks associated with PM2.5-bound metals in Paradip city between January 2019 and December 2021. The seasonal average concentrations of PM2.5 were measured 91.43 ± 70.18 μg m-3, 103.40 ± 60.80 μg m-3, 124.74 ± 62.37 μg m-3, and 159.37 ± 77.88 μg m-3 in pre-monsoon, monsoon, post-monsoon, and winter season respectively. The highest and lowest concentrations are estimated in the winter and pre-monsoon season. Paradip city experienced tropical weather conditions with a hot and humid climate. The wind pattern shows that the predominant wind direction was observed from the south-south-west (SSW) direction. The metals in PM2.5 were analysed using an atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS) by air-acetylene flame using a hollow cathode lamp. The average metal concentration decreased in the order of Fe > Al > Zn > Pb > Cr > Mn > Ni > Cu > Co > Cd > As. The value of the geo-accumulation index (Igeo) was evaluated >1 for Cd, Fe, and Zn elements. The health risk assessment (HRA) results showed that non-carcinogenic risk (NCR) was higher through the inhalation route followed by ingestion and dermal contact. The cumulative NCR, which is expressed in terms of the hazard index (HI), is greater than 1 for infant (2.78E+00), child (2.53E+00), and adult (1.04E+00) via inhalation pathway. The total carcinogenic risk (TCR) for infants, children, and adults was estimated at 1.45E-04, 7.24E-05 and 1.25E-05, respectively, which exceeded the acceptable limit of 1.00E-06. Our comprehensive research plays an important role in both policymakers and relevant stakeholders for the preparation of city action plans concerning ambient air pollution, which can improve the air quality in and around Paradip city, India.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashmi Ranjan Behera
- CSIR-Institute of Minerals and Materials Technology (IMMT), Environment and Sustainability Department, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751013 , India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Deepty Ranjan Satapathy
- CSIR-Institute of Minerals and Materials Technology (IMMT), Environment and Sustainability Department, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751013 , India.
| | - Arakshita Majhi
- CSIR-Institute of Minerals and Materials Technology (IMMT), Environment and Sustainability Department, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751013 , India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
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Ghobakhloo S, Mostafaii GR, Khoshakhlagh AH, Moda HM, Gruszecka-Kosowska A. Health risk assessment of heavy metals in exposed workers of municipal waste recycling facility in Iran. Chemosphere 2024; 346:140627. [PMID: 37944764 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to heavy metals (HMs) present in the particulate matter from municipal solid waste during pretreatment and recycling processes may pose a serious health risk to workers. This was the first study on the exposure of municipal solid waste (MSW) recycling workers to toxic metals. The concentrations of HMs (Cd, Pb, As, Co, Cr, Ni, Cu, Fe, Mn, and Zn) during personal exposure to PM2.5 among municipal waste recycling facility workers in Kashan City, Iran, were investigated from January 15 to March 15, 2023. The research was performed in the three main stages of the waste recycling process: dismantling, sorting, and collecting. PM2.5 samples were collected using a personal environmental monitor (PEM) attached to a sampling pump. The non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic health risk values and related uncertainty for waste recyclers from HMs inhalational exposure were calculated using USEPA methodology and Monte Carlo simulations. The results showed that the dismantlers exhibited the highest exposure concentrations of PM2.5 (mean 2148 ± 1257 μg m-3), followed by sorters (mean 1864 ± 965 μg m-3), and collectors (mean 1782 ± 876 μg m-3). Health risk assessment indicated that 95th percentile contents of Ni, As, Co, and Zn were responsible for the non-carcinogenic risk (HQ) values exceeding the acceptable level of 1. The contents of As, Ni, and Cr in PM2.5 caused a non-acceptable carcinogenic risk for waste recyclers due to inhalational exposure, as the carcinogenic risk (CR) values exceeded the acceptable threshold of 1 × 10-6. Monte Carlo simulation results revealed that the mean and median CR values from inhalational exposure to carcinogenic HMs exceeded the acceptable level of 1 × 10-6 for municipal waste recyclers. As results of this study indicated the high-risk to hazardous metals for waste recyclers due to occupational exposure in the MSW recycling sites, it is suggested to consider workers' exposure as the public health concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Safiye Ghobakhloo
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Gholam Reza Mostafaii
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Amir Hossein Khoshakhlagh
- Department of Occupational Health Engineering, School of Health, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.
| | - Haruna Musa Moda
- Department of Environmental Health and Safety, University of Doha for Science and Technology, Doha, Qatar
| | - Agnieszka Gruszecka-Kosowska
- AGH University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Geology, Geophysics, and Environmental Protection; Department of Environmental Protection, Al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059, Krakow, Poland
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12
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Liu J, Zheng Q, Pei S, Li J, Ma L, Zhang L, Niu J, Tian T. Ecological and health risk assessment of heavy metals in agricultural soils from northern China. Environ Monit Assess 2023; 196:99. [PMID: 38157088 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-023-12255-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Soil pollution by heavy metals can cause continuing damage to ecosystems and the human body. In this study, we collected nine fresh topsoil samples and 18 maize samples (including nine leaf samples and nine corn samples) from agricultural soils in the Baiyin mining areas. The results showed that the order of heavy metal concentrations (mg/kg) in agricultural soils was as follows: Zn (377.40) > Pb (125.06) > Cu (75.06) > Ni (28.29) > Cd (5.46) > Hg (0.37). Cd, Cu, Zn, and Pb exceeded the Chinese risk limit for agricultural soil pollution. The average the pollution load index (4.39) was greater than 3, indicating a heavy contamination level. The element that contributed the most to contamination and high ecological risk in soil was Cd. Principal component analysis (PCA) and Pearson's correlation analysis indicated that the sources of Ni, Cd, Cu, and Zn in the soil were primarily mixed, involving both industrial and agricultural activities, whereas the sources of Hg and Pb included both industrial and transportation activities. Adults and children are not likely to experience non-carcinogenic impacts from the soil in this region. Nonetheless, it was important to be aware of the elevated cancer risk presented by Cd, Pb, and especially Ni. The exceedance rates of Cd and Pb in corn were 66.67% and 33.3%, respectively. The results of this research provide data to improve soil protection, human health monitoring, and crop management in the Baiyin district.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangyun Liu
- School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, The People's Republic of China
| | - Qiwen Zheng
- School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, The People's Republic of China
| | - Shuwei Pei
- School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, The People's Republic of China
| | - Jia Li
- School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, The People's Republic of China
| | - Li Ma
- School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, The People's Republic of China
| | - Li Zhang
- School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, The People's Republic of China
| | - Jingping Niu
- School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, The People's Republic of China.
| | - Tian Tian
- School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, The People's Republic of China.
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Kiani F, Jorfi S, Soltani F, Ghanbari S, Rezaee R, Mohammadi MJ. Exposure to anesthetic gases in the operating rooms and assessment of non-carcinogenic risk among health care workers. Toxicol Rep 2023; 11:1-8. [PMID: 37359992 PMCID: PMC10285040 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2023.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 06/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Health care workers employed operating room in hospital and health centers are unavoidably exposed to inhaling toxic gases, including isoflurane and sevoflurane. Chronic contact with these gases increases the risk of spontaneous abortion, congenital anomalies and cancers. Risk assessment is an important tool in predicting the possible risk to personnel's health. Therefore, this study was conducted with the aim of determining the concentration of isoflurane and sevoflurane gas in the air of the operating room and estimating the non-carcinogenic risk caused by them. In this descriptive-cross-sectional study, according to the occupational method (OSHA 103), 23 samples (isoflurane and sevoflurane) were collected in the air of operating rooms of four selected hospitals in Ahvaz city by using SKC sampling pumps and sorbent tube (Anasorb 747). The samples were determined by used to gas chromatography with a flame ionization detector (GC/FID). Statistical analysis, including the Kruskal-Wallis test, was used to compare the average concentration of anesthetic gases, and the one-sample t-test was used to compare the average with the standard level. In all analyses, the significance level was 0.05, which was performed by SPSS version 22 software. Result of this study showed that the average concentration of isoflurane in private and general hospitals were 23.636 and 17.575 ppm, respectively. Also, the average level of sevoflurane were 1.58 and 7.804 ppm. According to the results the mean amount of anesthetic gases was within the range recommended by Iran's Occupational and Environmental Health Center and the permissible threshold limit provided by ACGIH. In addition, non-cancer risks from occupational exposure to isoflurane and sevoflurane in selected private and general hospitals were acceptable (HQ < 1). Although the results show that overall occupational exposure to anesthetic gases is less than acceptable but long-term exposure to anesthetic gases may endanger the health of operating room staffs. Therefore, it is recommended to implement some technical controls, including regular inspection of ventilation systems, the use of advanced ventilation systems with high cleaning power, continuous control of anesthesia devices in terms of leakage, and periodic training of related staff.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Kiani
- Student Research Committee, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Sahand Jorfi
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health and Environmental Technologies Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Farhad Soltani
- Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, Golestan Hospital, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Saeed Ghanbari
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Health, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Ramin Rezaee
- International UNESCO Center for Health-Related Basic Sciences and Human Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Javad Mohammadi
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Environmental Technologies Research Center (ETRC), Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Air Pollution and Respiratory Diseases Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
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Du Z, Tian Z, Yin Y, Wei J, Mu Y, Cai J, Song Z, Cen K. Bioavailability-based risk assessment of various heavy metals via multi-exposure routes for children and teenagers in Beijing, China. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2023; 30:114985-115002. [PMID: 37878177 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-30436-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
Assessing the health risks of sensitive population, such as children and teenagers, through multiple exposure routes (MERs) such as ingestion, inhalation, and dermal contact is critical for policy creation that protects or reduces exposure to pollutants for all populations. Heavy metal (HM) contents in food and environmental media in Beijing, capital of China, were collected. Furthermore, on the basis of considering the bioavailability of HMs, we evaluated the multiple environmental routes and health risks to HMs in children and teenagers of eight age groups (2-<3, 3-<4, 4-<5, 5-<6, 6-<9, 9-<12, 12-<15, and 15-<18) in Beijing, China by Monte Carlo simulation approach. The main findings are as follows: lead exposure in children aged 2-<3 years exceeds the exposure dose (0.3 μg·kg-1·d-1) of 0.5 point reduction in intelligence quotient. Moreover, children aged 2-<3 and 6-<9 years have relatively high non-carcinogenic risk (NCR) of 1.32 and 1.30, respectively. The carcinogenic risk (CR) for children aged 6-<9 and 9-<12 years is 2.73×10-6 and 2.39×10-6, respectively. Specifically, the contributions of oral ingestion, dermal contact, and inhalation to the NCR were 69.5%, 18.9%, and 11.6%, respectively. Moreover, the combined NCR contributions of copper, cadmium, mercury, and arsenic (As) were about 69.4%. The contributions of the above three routes to the CR were 93.4%, 4.1%, and 2.5%, in that order, with the largest CR contribution of As being about 92.0%. This study can provide new ideas for accurately assessing the exposure and health risks of HMs in the population, and we believe that it is necessary to update the national standards for food and soil based on the bioavailability of HMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongwen Du
- Baoding University of Technology, Baoding, 071000, China
| | - Zuguang Tian
- Baoding Productivity Promotion Center, Baoding, 071000, China
| | - Yelan Yin
- No. 4 Drilling Engineering Branch Company, CNPC Bohai Drilling Engineering Company Limited, Hejian, 062400, Hebei, China
| | - Junxiao Wei
- School of Chemistry and Environment, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China.
| | - Yue Mu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Jianjun Cai
- School of Architecture and Traffic, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin, 541004, China
| | - Zefeng Song
- Institute of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Hebei GEO University, Shijiazhuang, 050031, China
| | - Kuang Cen
- School of Earth Sciences and Resources, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing, 100083, China
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15
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Zhang X, Sun M, Aikawa M. Characteristics of PM 2.5-bound metals in Japan over six years: Spatial distribution, health risk, and source analysis. J Environ Manage 2023; 344:118750. [PMID: 37573701 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.118750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
Air sampling campaigns were conducted at 100 survey sites across Japan from April 2014 to February 2020, and a comprehensive database of atmospheric particles was obtained. In this study, the characteristics of PM2.5 and 26 metals were investigated in depth. Spatially, the concentration of PM2.5 gradually increased from the northeast to the southwest of Japan. The pollution in Kitakyushu City was the most serious, reaching 19.8 μg m-3. As an important particle component, metals did not show obviously spatial variation in Japan, with a sum concentration of 0.4 μg m-3. Anthropogenic metals only accounted for about 8% of the total metals, but they could pose a serious threat to public health. For children, the non-carcinogenic risk and carcinogenic risk due to exposure to anthropogenic metals could not be neglected in Japan; the corresponding HI and CR values at 100 survey sites ranged from 2.7 to 15.0 and 4.1 × 10-5 to 3.4 × 10-4, respectively. Adults faced lower health risks than children, with HI values ranging from 0.2 to 2.0 and CR values ranging from 2.0 × 10-5 to 1.6 × 10-4. The integrated health risk assessment results showed that the coastal region of the Seto Inland Sea and the north Tohoku Region were the most heavily polluted areas of Japan; in this study, 20 survey sites were finally determined to be high-risk sites, among which pollution control for Niihama City, Kitakyushu City, Hachinohe City, and Shimonoseki City were of first priority. With further combination with a positive matrix factorization model, it can be known that these four cities mainly had five to seven metal sources, and their heavy pollution was mainly caused by ship emissions, industrial emissions, biomass burning, and coal combustion. Overall, our study comprehensively revealed the regional patterns of PM2.5-bound metal pollution across Japan, which can help in making cost-effective risk management policies with limited national/local budgets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Zhang
- Faculty of Environmental Engineering, The University of Kitakyushu, 1-1, Hibikino, Wakamatsu, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, 808-0135, Japan.
| | - Meng Sun
- Faculty of Environmental Engineering, The University of Kitakyushu, 1-1, Hibikino, Wakamatsu, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, 808-0135, Japan
| | - Masahide Aikawa
- Faculty of Environmental Engineering, The University of Kitakyushu, 1-1, Hibikino, Wakamatsu, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, 808-0135, Japan.
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Islam F, Parvin A, Parvin A, Akhtar US, Ali Shaikh MA, Uddin MN, Moniruzzaman M, Saha B, Khanom J, Suchi PD, Hossain MA, Hossain MK. Sediment-bound hazardous trace metals(oid) in south-eastern drainage system of Bangladesh: First assessment on human health. Heliyon 2023; 9:e20040. [PMID: 37809952 PMCID: PMC10559780 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e20040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the beneficial aspect of a natural drainage system, increasing human-induced activities, which include urbanization and growth in industrialization, degrade the ecosystem in terms of trace metal contamination. In response, given the great importance of the south-eastern drainage system in Bangladesh, a detailed evaluation of the human health risk as well as the potential ecological risk of trace metals (Be, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb, Se, V, Zn, and As) in Karnaphuli riverbed sediment was conducted. Mean levels of the elements in mg/kg were As (5.62 ± 1.47); Se (0.84 ± 0.61); Hg (0.37 ± 0.23); Be (1.17 ± 0.49); Pb (15.62 ± 8.42); Cd (0.24 ± 0.33); Co (11.59 ± 4.49); Cr (112.75 ± 40.09); Cu (192.67 ± 49.71); V (27.49 ± 10.95); Zn (366.83 ± 62.82); Ni (75.83 ± 25.87). Pollution indicators, specifically contamination factor (CF), pollution load index (PLI), degree of contamination (Cd), enrichment factor (EF), geo-accumulation index (Igeo), and potential ecological risk index (RI), were computed to assess sediment quality. For the first observation of health risk, chronic daily intake (CDI), hazard quotient (HQ), hazard index (HI), carcinogenic risk (CR) and total carcinogenic risk (TCR) indices were calculated. According to the results, CDI values through the ingestion route of both the adult and child groups were organized in the following descending mode respectively: Zn > Cu > Cr > Ni > V > Pb > Co > As > Se > Be > Cd > Hg. The non-carcinogenic risks were generally low for all routes of exposure, except HQingestion was slightly higher for both adults and children. The calculated hazard index (HI) was, nevertheless, within the permitted range (HI < 1). Similarly, none of the metals exhibited any carcinogenic risks, as all CR values were within the 10-4-10-6 range. The need for authoritative efforts and water policy for the sake of the surrounding ecosystem and human health in the vicinity of the examined watershed is strongly felt as an outcome of this study. The purpose of this study is to protect public health by identifying trace metal sources and reducing industrial and domestic discharge into this natural drainage system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fahima Islam
- BCSIR Laboratories Dhaka, Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (BCSIR), Dhaka, 1205, Bangladesh
| | - Afroza Parvin
- BCSIR Laboratories Dhaka, Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (BCSIR), Dhaka, 1205, Bangladesh
| | - Afsana Parvin
- BCSIR Laboratories Dhaka, Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (BCSIR), Dhaka, 1205, Bangladesh
| | - Umme Sarmeen Akhtar
- Institute of Glass and Ceramic Research and Testing (IGCRT), Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (BCSIR), Dhaka, 1205, Bangladesh
| | - Md Aftab Ali Shaikh
- BCSIR Laboratories Dhaka, Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (BCSIR), Dhaka, 1205, Bangladesh
- Department of Chemistry, Dhaka University, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Md Nashir Uddin
- Planning and Development Division, Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (BCSIR), Dhaka, 1205, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Moniruzzaman
- BCSIR Laboratories Dhaka, Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (BCSIR), Dhaka, 1205, Bangladesh
- Central Analytical and Research Facilities (CARF), Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (BCSIR), Dhaka, 1205, Bangladesh
| | - Badhan Saha
- BCSIR Laboratories Dhaka, Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (BCSIR), Dhaka, 1205, Bangladesh
| | - Juliya Khanom
- Institute of Glass and Ceramic Research and Testing (IGCRT), Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (BCSIR), Dhaka, 1205, Bangladesh
| | - Priyanka Dey Suchi
- BCSIR Laboratories Dhaka, Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (BCSIR), Dhaka, 1205, Bangladesh
| | - Md Anwar Hossain
- Planning and Development Division, Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (BCSIR), Dhaka, 1205, Bangladesh
| | - Md Kamal Hossain
- BCSIR Laboratories Dhaka, Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (BCSIR), Dhaka, 1205, Bangladesh
- Central Analytical and Research Facilities (CARF), Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (BCSIR), Dhaka, 1205, Bangladesh
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Kumar M, Sharma MK, Malik DS. An appraisal to hydrochemical characterization, source identification, and potential health risks of sulfate and nitrate in groundwater of Bemetara district, Central India. Environ Monit Assess 2023; 195:1046. [PMID: 37589797 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-023-11642-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
Gypsum-enriched aquifers (GEA) and intensive agriculture regions (IAR) in semi-arid regions are responsible for very high amounts of sulfate and nitrate in many groundwater systems of the world, respectively. However, in such regions, the problem of nitrate pollution and its associated health risk has been increasing and emerging as a global issue. However, along with nitrate, sulfate contamination and its potential health risks are often neglected worldwide in these regions. Therefore, considering sulfate along with nitrate as a significant threat to water quality in such regions, this study aimed to characterize hydrochemistry, factors controlling groundwater quality, and assessment of risk to human health. To accomplish this objective, 116 groundwater samples were collected over pre-monsoon (PRM) and post-monsoon (POM) (2019) seasons in Bemetara district. As per Bureau of Indian standards (BIS) for drinking, SO42- (28 and 19%) and NO3- (7 and 35%) exceeded the permissible limits in PRM and POM seasons, respectively; thereby, groundwater was not suitable for drinking. SO42- and NO3- pollution sources were identified and mainly attributed to gypsum dissolution and agricultural activities as well as domestic sewage discharge, respectively. In addition, SO42-and NO3- risk assessment results show that total 20% to 46% of all samples surpassed the permissible limit (HQ = 1) of risk to children and adults, over both seasons. To ensure drinking water security in this region, sustainable management of agricultural activities and treatment should be done to reduce the potential health risks due to SO42- and NO3-.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohit Kumar
- National Institute of Hydrology, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, 247667, India
- Gurukula Kangri (Deemed to Be University), Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India
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Huang S, Wang D, Qi Z, Long C, Li G, Yu Y. A large-scale nationwide study of urinary phenols in the Chinese population. Sci Total Environ 2023:164850. [PMID: 37331384 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.164850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA), tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA), and their substitutes are commonly used in everyday products. However, large-scale internal exposure levels of them in China, the factors influencing on them, and the associated health risks were not systematically investigated still. In the present study, there were 1157 morning urine samples collected from residents of 26 provincial capitals in China for the measurement of BPA and seven bisphenol analogues, as well as TBBPA and its substitutes, i.e., tetrachlorobisphenol A and 4,4'-sulphonylbis(2,6-dibromophenol). The concentrations of Σ8bisphenols and Σ3TBBPAs ranged from <LOD to 168 μg/L and from <LOD to 2.25 μg/L, respectively. BPA and bisphenol S were the main environmental phenols. Residents in eastern China were more exposed to bisphenols, which may be due to the regional production of BPA and the diversity of food consumption patterns of the residents. Education level and age were significantly correlated with bisphenol exposure. Subjects with a bachelor's degree or aged 18-44 years appeared to be more exposed to bisphenols, especially for BPA. Subjects who consumed bottled water and takeaways also had higher levels of bisphenols. Based on RfD, the health risk assessment showed that no subjects had hazard quotient values of BPA greater than one unit. Monte Carlo simulation indicated that 0.44 % of the Chinese general population had a potential non-carcinogenic risk from BPA. This large-scale nationwide study is beneficial for governmental decision-making and the prevention of phenol exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Senyuan Huang
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, Key Laboratory of City Cluster Environmental Safety and Green Development, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Dedong Wang
- Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, 510440, PR China
| | - Zenghua Qi
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, Key Laboratory of City Cluster Environmental Safety and Green Development, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Chaoyang Long
- Center for Disease Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, 510430, PR China
| | - Guiying Li
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, Key Laboratory of City Cluster Environmental Safety and Green Development, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Yingxin Yu
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, Key Laboratory of City Cluster Environmental Safety and Green Development, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China.
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19
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Soldatova E, Sidkina E, Dong Y, Ivanov V, Li J, Sun Z. Arsenic in groundwater of the Poyang Lake area (China): aqueous species and health risk assessment. Environ Geochem Health 2023; 45:2917-2933. [PMID: 36115000 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-022-01391-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic is a pervasive pollutant in groundwater, affecting more than 100 million people in 50 countries, including China. Toxicological analysis of As is complicated because As exists in the environment in a variety of forms and redox states. Here, a thermodynamic equilibrium model was used to calculate As speciation, investigate pathways of As accumulation and assess the risk of adverse health effects from oral ingestion of dissolved As from shallow groundwater in the Poyang Lake area (China). The accumulation of As, Fe, and NH4+ in the studied shallow groundwater was found to be the result of the dissolution of As-containing Fe, and probably Mn, (oxyhydr)oxides under reducing conditions due to excess influx of organic matter into the shallow aquifer. Modeling showed that As(III), which is more toxic than As(V), predominated at nearly all sampling sites, regardless of redox conditions. Arsenic tends to accumulate in the highest concentrations as neutral species (As(OH)30, HAsO20) under Eh < 50 mV. In the lower reaches of the Ganjiang and Xiushui Rivers, an increased non-carcinogenic risk from oral ingestion of As from drinking water was observed. The elevated cancer risk was found to be present throughout the study area. The lower reaches of the Ganjiang and Xiushui Rivers that have been shown to have the highest risk of both non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic adverse health effects are associated with more toxic As(III) species. Given the As speciation and risk profile, it is recommended to introduce strategies to alter redox conditions in shallow groundwater by adopting safer irrigation practices and managing fertilizer applications to avoid the buildup of high As concentrations associated with adverse health effects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Evgeniya Sidkina
- Vernadsky Institute of Geochemistry and Analytical Chemistry, 19 Kosygina street, Moscow, Russia, 119991
| | - Yihui Dong
- East China University of Technology, 418 Guanglan Avenue, Nanchang, 330013, China
| | - Vladimir Ivanov
- University of Tyumen, 6 Volodarskogo Street, Tyumen, Russia, 625003
| | - Jiale Li
- East China University of Technology, 418 Guanglan Avenue, Nanchang, 330013, China
| | - Zhanxue Sun
- East China University of Technology, 418 Guanglan Avenue, Nanchang, 330013, China
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20
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Turdiyeva K, Lee W. Comparative analysis and human health risk assessment of contamination with heavy metals of Central Asian rivers. Heliyon 2023; 9:e17112. [PMID: 37484346 PMCID: PMC10361320 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e17112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The study focuses on heavy metals contamination, drinking water quality, and associated health risks for adults and children by consuming water from Central Asian Rivers (Syr-Darya, Nura, and Ili Rivers). Water samples were collected from three rivers within the 2014-2019 period by the RMS "Kazhydromet" and analyzed for various physicochemical parameters. The study revealed that the concentrations of Fe, Cd, Cr (VI), Hg, Mn, and As significantly exceeded local and international drinking water standards in at least one water body. The lowest total water quality index (55.1%) was observed in the Nura River ("marginal water category"). Coal, soil, non-ferrous metals, and iron ore industries were found to be the major sources of heavy metals in the regions. Deterministic risk assessment revealed serious cancer risks (>1E-5) in rivers due to As and Cr (VI) exposure by oral and dermal contact for adults and children. Stochastic risk assessment confirmed high cancer risks (>1E-4) due to Cr (VI) contamination of the Syr-Darya River. The study results indicate the serious lifetime cancer risk to the residents due to the use of river water for drinking and household activities. Therefore, the study area urgently and continuously requires heavy metal removal, effective monitoring, and good quality drinking water supply.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina Turdiyeva
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Nazarbayev University, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan
| | - Woojin Lee
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Environmental Systems Lab., National Laboratory Astana, Nazarbayev University, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan
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21
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Khoshakhlagh AH, Mohammadzadeh M, Manafi SS, Yousefian F, Gruszecka-Kosowska A. Inhalational exposure to formaldehyde, carcinogenic, and non-carcinogenic risk assessment: A systematic review. Environ Pollut 2023:121854. [PMID: 37236589 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Formaldehyde is one of the most widely used substances in a variety of industries, although it was classified as a human carcinogen by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC). The present systematic review was conducted to retrieve studies related to occupational exposure to formaldehyde until November 2, 2022. Aims of the study were to identify workplaces exposed to formaldehyde, to investigate the formaldehyde concentrations in various occupations and to evaluate carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks caused by respiratory exposure to this chemical among workers. A systematic search was done in Scopus, PubMed and Web of Science databases to find the studies done in this field. In this review, studies that did not meet the criteria specified by Population, Exposure, Comparator, and Outcomes (PECO) approach were excluded. In addition, the inclusion of studies dealing with the biological monitoring of FA in the body and review studies, conference articles, books, and letters to the editors were avoided. The quality of the selected studies was also evaluated using the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) checklist for analytic-cross-sectional studies. Finally, 828 studies were found, and after the investigations, 35 articles were included in this study. The results revealed that the highest formaldehyde concentrations were observed in waterpipe cafes (1,620,000 μg/m3) and anatomy and pathology laboratories (4237.5 μg/m3). Carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risk indicated the potential health effects for employees due to respiratory exposure as acceptable levels of CR = 1.00 × 10-4 and HQ = 1, respectively were reported to be exceeded in more than 71% and 28.57% of the investigated studies. Therefore, according to the confirmation of formaldehyde's adverse health effects, it is necessary to adopt targeted strategies to reduce or eliminate exposure to this compound from the occupational usage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Hossein Khoshakhlagh
- Department of Occupational Health Engineering, School of Health, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Mahdiyeh Mohammadzadeh
- Social Determinants of Health (SDH) Research Center, Department of Environment Health, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.
| | - Seyede Somayeh Manafi
- Head of Environmental and Urban Health Studies, Tehran Urban Research and Planning Center Municipality of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Yousefian
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Health, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Agnieszka Gruszecka-Kosowska
- AGH University of Science and Technology; Faculty of Geology, Geophysics, and Environmental Protection; Department of Environmental Protection; Al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krakow, Poland
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22
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Zhu Y, Chai Y, Xu C, Guo F. Status, sources, and human health risk assessment of DDT pesticide residues in river sediments in a highly developed agricultural region in the upper Yangtze River in China. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2023:10.1007/s11356-023-27405-3. [PMID: 37160518 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-27405-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The concentrations of DDT and its metabolites in 19 sediment samples from a highly developed agricultural region in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River were measured. Non-carcinogenic hazard quotient for different age groups was evaluated using reference doses provided by the USEPA, and the excess lifetime cancer risk due to eating fish was assessed based on the local eating habits. The results showed that this region had a high level of residual DDT (12.84 ± 8.97 ng/g), which mainly came from the historically used technical DDT in agriculture. The non-carcinogenic risk was just acceptable in the region, but 11 of the 19 sites showed an unacceptable carcinogenic risk. Although DDT has been banned for decades, there were still notable health risks, especially for children. Special attention should be given to the potential health risks in historically developed agricultural regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutong Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
- School of Environment, Liaoning University, Shenyang, 110036, China
| | - Yongzhen Chai
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Chengbin Xu
- School of Environment, Liaoning University, Shenyang, 110036, China
| | - Fei Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China.
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23
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Kuang HX, Li MY, Zhou Y, Li ZC, Xiang MD, Yu YJ. Volatile organic compounds and metals/metalloids exposure in children after e-waste control: Implications for priority control pollutants and exposure mitigation measures. J Hazard Mater 2023; 455:131598. [PMID: 37187124 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.131598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The decade-long effort to control e-waste in China has made significant progress from haphazard disposal to organized recycling, but environmental research suggests that exposure to volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and metals/metalloids (MeTs) still poses plausible health risks. To investigate the exposure risk faced by children and identify corresponding priority control chemicals, we evaluated the carcinogenic risk (CR), non-CR, and oxidative DNA damage risks of VOCs and MeTs exposure in 673 children from an e-waste recycling area (ER) by measuring urinary exposure biomarker levels. The ER children were generally exposed to high levels of VOCs and MeTs. We observed distinctive VOCs exposure profiles in ER children. In particular, the 1,2-dichloroethane/ethylbenzene ratio and 1,2-dichloroethane were promising diagnostic indexes for identifying e-waste pollution due to their high accuracy (91.4%) in predicting e-waste exposure. Exposure to acrolein, benzene, 1,3-butadiene, 1,2-dichloroethane, acrylamide, acrylonitrile, arsenic, vanadium, copper, and lead posed considerable CR or/and non-CR and oxidative DNA damage risks to children, while changing personal lifestyles, especially enhancing daily physical exercise, may facilitate mitigating these chemical exposure risks. These findings highlight that the exposure risk of some VOCs and MeTs is still non-negligible in regulated ER, and these hazardous chemicals should be controlled as priorities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Xuan Kuang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Health Risk Assessment, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou 510655, PR China
| | - Meng-Yang Li
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Health Risk Assessment, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou 510655, PR China
| | - Yang Zhou
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Health Risk Assessment, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou 510655, PR China
| | - Zhen-Chi Li
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Health Risk Assessment, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou 510655, PR China
| | - Ming-Deng Xiang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Health Risk Assessment, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou 510655, PR China
| | - Yun-Jiang Yu
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Health Risk Assessment, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou 510655, PR China.
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24
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Markiv B, Expósito A, Ruiz-Azcona L, Santibáñez M, Fernández-Olmo I. Environmental exposure to manganese and health risk assessment from personal sampling near an industrial source of airborne manganese. Environ Res 2023; 224:115478. [PMID: 36796611 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.115478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Manganese (Mn), despite being a trace element necessary in small quantities for the correct functioning of the organism, at higher concentrations can induce health disorders, mainly in motor and cognitive functions, even at levels found in non-occupational environments. For this reason, US EPA guidelines define safe reference doses/concentrations (RfD/RfC) for health. In this study, the individualised health risk of exposure to Mn through different media (air, diet, soil) and routes of entry into the organism (inhalation, ingestion and dermal absorption) was assessed according to the procedure defined by the US EPA. Calculations related to Mn present in ambient air were made on the basis of data obtained from size-segregated particulate matter (PM) personal samplers carried by volunteers recruited in a cross-sectional study conducted in the Santander Bay (northern Spain), where an industrial source of airborne Mn is located. Individuals residing in the vicinity of the main Mn source (within 1.5 km) were found to have a hazard index (HI) higher than 1, indicating that there is a potential risk for these subjects to develop health alterations. Also, people living in Santander, the capital of the region, located 7-10 km from the Mn source, may have some risk (HI > 1) under some wind conditions (SW). In addition, a preliminary study of media and routes of entry into the body confirmed that inhalation of PM2.5-bound Mn is the most important route contributing to the overall non-carcinogenic health risk related to environmental Mn.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Markiv
- Dpto. de Ingenierías Química y Biomolecular, Universidad de Cantabria, Avda. Los Castros s/n, 39005, Santander, Cantabria, Spain.
| | - A Expósito
- Dpto. de Ingenierías Química y Biomolecular, Universidad de Cantabria, Avda. Los Castros s/n, 39005, Santander, Cantabria, Spain
| | - L Ruiz-Azcona
- Global Health Research Group. Dpto Enfermería, Universidad de Cantabria, Avda. Valdecilla, s/n, 39008, Santander, Cantabria, Spain
| | - M Santibáñez
- Global Health Research Group. Dpto Enfermería, Universidad de Cantabria, Avda. Valdecilla, s/n, 39008, Santander, Cantabria, Spain; Nursing Research Group, IDIVAL, Calle Cardenal Herrera Oria s/n, 39011, Santander, Cantabria, Spain
| | - I Fernández-Olmo
- Dpto. de Ingenierías Química y Biomolecular, Universidad de Cantabria, Avda. Los Castros s/n, 39005, Santander, Cantabria, Spain
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25
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Chen X, Liu S, Luo Y. Spatiotemporal distribution and probabilistic health risk assessment of arsenic in drinking water and wheat in Northwest China. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2023; 256:114880. [PMID: 37054471 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.114880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Drinking water arsenic poisoning has been a health concern, however the importance of dietary arsenic exposure to health also needs to be taken into account. The aim of this study was to conduct a comprehensive health risk assessment of arsenic-contaminated substances in drinking water and wheat-based food intake in the Guanzhong Plain, China. 87 samples of wheat and 150 samples of water were randomly selected from the research region and examined. The level of arsenic in 89.33% of the water samples in the region exceeded the limit for drinking water (10 μg/L), with an average concentration of 29.98 μg/L. The arsenic in 2.13% of the wheat samples exceeded the food limit (0.5 mg/kg) with an average concentration of 0.24 mg/kg. Under the situation of different exposure pathways, two scenarios of deterministic and probabilistic health risk assessments were compared and analyzed. By contrast, the probabilistic health risk assessment can ensure a certain degree of confidence in the assessment results. The findings of this study indicated that the total cancer risk value faced by the population aged 3-79 years, except for those aged 4-6 years, was 1.03E-4-1.21E-3, which exceeded the 10E-6-10E-4 range of thresholds usually used by USEPA as guidance recommendations for determination. And the non-cancer risk experienced by the population aged 6 months to 79 years was higher than the acceptable threshold (1), with children aged 9 months to 1 year having the highest total non-cancer risk of 7.25. The potential health risks of the exposed population were mainly due to the drinking water route, and consumption of arsenic-containing wheat increased both carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks. Finally, the sensitivity analysis revealed that the assessment findings were most significantly influenced by exposure time. The amount of intake was the second influencing factor in the health risk assessment from drinking water and dietary intakes of arsenic, and arsenic concentration was the second influencing factor in the health risk assessment due to dermal exposure to arsenic. The findings of this study can aid in understanding the negative health consequences of arsenic pollution to local residents and in adopting focused remediation strategies to alleviate environmental concerns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangping Chen
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710021, PR China
| | - Siyu Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710021, PR China
| | - Yan Luo
- Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710061, PR China.
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26
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Chin WS, Chien LC, Kao HC, Chuang YN, Liao KW. Monitoring and evaluating the dietary risk of trace elements content in bottled and hand-shaken tea in Taiwan. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2023; 30:55716-55729. [PMID: 36897450 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-26130-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Tea is the most frequently consumed beverage worldwide and is obtained from the leaves Camellia sinensis. The traditional way of tea consumption through brewing is gradually being replaced by the consumption of bottled and hand-shaken tea. Despite the different ways of tea consumption, trace elements accumulation and contamination of tea leaves have caused concerns. However, limited studies have reported trace element concentrations in different types of tea in bottled or hand-shaken tea and their health risks. This study aimed to determine the level of trace elements (V, Cr, Co, As, Cd, Pb, Mn, and Zn) in green tea, black tea, and Oolong tea in two varieties of products (bottled and hand-shaken tea). The health risks associated with tea consumption in various age subgroups among Taiwan's general population were also estimated. A Monte Carlo simulation was applied to estimate the distribution of daily trace elements intake through bottled and hand-shaken tea consumption. As to the non-carcinogenic risks, the Monte Carlo simulation showed that hand-shaken green tea had a higher percentage of hazard index (HI) >1 (1.08%~6.05%) among all age groups. As to carcinogenic risks, the Monte Carlo simulation showed that the risks of As exposure from bottled Oolong tea and hand-shaken black, green, and Oolong teas in the 90th percentile in >18 to ≤65 and >65-year-old groups were higher than 10-6. The current study findings provided some information about trace elements of both bottled and hand-shaken tea and human health risks in the general population of Taiwan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Shan Chin
- School of Nursing, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Nursing, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ling-Chu Chien
- School of Public Health, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Neuroscience Research Center, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Nutrition Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ho-Ching Kao
- Master Program in Food Safety, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Ning Chuang
- Master Program in Food Safety, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Wei Liao
- School of Food Safety, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wu-Xing Street, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan.
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27
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Ayejoto DA, Agbasi JC, Egbueri JC, Abba S. Evaluation of oral and dermal health risk exposures of contaminants in groundwater resources for nine age groups in two densely populated districts, Nigeria. Heliyon 2023; 9:e15483. [PMID: 37128320 PMCID: PMC10148108 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e15483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Human health and the sustainability of the socioeconomic system are directly related to water quality. As anthropogenic activity becomes more intense, pollutants, particularly potentially harmful elements (PHEs), penetrate water systems and degrade water quality. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the safety of using groundwater for domestic and drinking purposes through oral and dermal exposure routes, as well as the potential health risks posed to humans in the Nnewi and Awka regions of Nigeria. The research involved the application of a combination of the National Sanitation Foundation Water Quality Index (NSFWQI), HERisk code, and hierarchical dendrograms. Additionally, we utilized the regulatory guidelines established by the World Health Organization and the Standard Organization of Nigeria to compare the elemental compositions of the samples. The physicochemical parameters and NSFWQI evaluation revealed that the majority of the samples were PHE-polluted. Based on the HERisk code, it was discovered that in both the Nnewi and Awka regions, risk levels are higher for people aged 1 to <11 and >65 than for people aged 16 to <65. Overall, it was shown that all age categories appeared to be more vulnerable to risks due to the consumption than absorption of PHEs, with Cd > Pb > Cu > Fe for Nnewi and Pb > Cd > Cu > Fe for water samples from Awka. Summarily, groups of middle age are less susceptible to possible health issues than children and elderly individuals. Hierarchical dendrograms and correlation analysis showed the spatio-temporal implications of the drinking groundwater quality and human health risks in the area. This research could help local government agencies make informed decisions on how to effectively safeguard the groundwater environment while also utilizing the groundwater resources sustainably.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel A. Ayejoto
- Department of Environmental and Sustainability Sciences, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, TX, USA
| | - Johnson C. Agbasi
- Department of Geology, Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu University, Uli, Anambra State, Nigeria
| | - Johnbosco C. Egbueri
- Department of Geology, Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu University, Uli, Anambra State, Nigeria
- Corresponding author.
| | - S.I. Abba
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Membranes and Water Security, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia
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28
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Jiménez-Oyola S, Valverde-Armas PE, Romero-Crespo P, Capa D, Valdivieso A, Coronel-León J, Guzmán-Martínez F, Chavez E. Heavy metal(loid)s contamination in water and sediments in a mining area in Ecuador: a comprehensive assessment for drinking water quality and human health risk. Environ Geochem Health 2023:10.1007/s10653-023-01546-3. [PMID: 36997826 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-023-01546-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Elevated heavy metal(loid)s concentrations in water lower its quality posing a threat to consumers. This study aims to assess the human health risk caused by heavy metal(loid)s in tap water in Santa Rosa city, Ecuador, and the ecological risk of stream water and sediments in the Santa Rosa River. Concentrations of As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn were evaluated in tap waters, stream waters, and sediment samples during the rainy and dry seasons. The Metal Index (MI), Geo-accumulation Index (Igeo), Potential Ecological Risk Index (PERI), and the levels of carcinogenic (CR) and non-carcinogenic risk (HQ) were determined. The results revealed severe pollution levels, mainly in Los Gringos and El Panteon streams, both tributaries of the Santa Rosa River, the primary water source for Santa Rosa inhabitants. More than 20% of the surface water samples showed severe contamination (MI > 6), and 90% of the tap water samples presented a MI value between 1 and 4, which indicates slight to moderate pollution. Drinking water displayed high levels of As, with 83% of the tap water samples collected from households in the dry season above the recommended concentration set by the World Health Organization and Ecuadorian legislation. The Igeo-Cd in the sediment samples was significantly high (Igeo > 3), and the PERI showed very high ecological risk (PERI > 600), with Cd as the main pollutant. HQ and CR were above the safe exposure threshold, suggesting that residents are at risk from tap water consumption, with As being the primary concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Jiménez-Oyola
- Facultad de Ingeniería en Ciencias de la Tierra, Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral, ESPOL, Campus Gustavo Galindo Km 30.5 Vía Perimetral, P.O. Box 09-01-5863, Guayaquil, Ecuador.
| | - Priscila E Valverde-Armas
- Facultad de Ingeniería en Ciencias de la Tierra, Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral, ESPOL, Campus Gustavo Galindo Km 30.5 Vía Perimetral, P.O. Box 09-01-5863, Guayaquil, Ecuador
| | - Paola Romero-Crespo
- Facultad de Ingeniería en Ciencias de la Tierra, Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral, ESPOL, Campus Gustavo Galindo Km 30.5 Vía Perimetral, P.O. Box 09-01-5863, Guayaquil, Ecuador
| | - Diego Capa
- Facultad de Ingeniería en Ciencias de la Tierra, Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral, ESPOL, Campus Gustavo Galindo Km 30.5 Vía Perimetral, P.O. Box 09-01-5863, Guayaquil, Ecuador
| | - Abner Valdivieso
- Facultad de Ingeniería en Ciencias de la Tierra, Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral, ESPOL, Campus Gustavo Galindo Km 30.5 Vía Perimetral, P.O. Box 09-01-5863, Guayaquil, Ecuador
| | - Jonathan Coronel-León
- Facultad de Ingeniería Mecánica y Ciencias de la Producción, Centro de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas del Ecuador, Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral, ESPOL, Campus Gustavo Galindo, Km 30.5, Vía Perimetral, P.O. Box 09-01-5863, Guayaquil, Ecuador
| | - Fredy Guzmán-Martínez
- Mexican Geological Survey (SGM), Boulevard Felipe Angeles, Km. 93.50-4, 42083, Pachuca, Hidalgo, Mexico
| | - Eduardo Chavez
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral, ESPOL, Campus Gustavo Galindo Km 30.5 Vía Perimetral, P.O. Box 09-01-5863, Guayaquil, Ecuador
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29
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Mizan A, Mamun MAH, Islam MS. Metal contamination in soil and vegetables around Savar tannery area, Dhaka, Bangladesh: A preliminary study for risk assessment. Heliyon 2023; 9:e13856. [PMID: 36925545 PMCID: PMC10011199 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e13856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Monitoring of heavy metal concentrations in soil and their accumulation in vegetables grown in the newly shifted tannery area of Savar, Bangladesh, is crucial for human health. Heavy metals (i.e., Cr, Pb, Cu, Zn, Ni, and Cd) concentrations in soil and vegetable samples were determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS). In soil, 3220 mg/kg Cr was observed, which was 32-fold greater than the WHO/FAO recommended limit. Ecological risk indices such as the contamination factor, enrichment factor, pollution load index, and geoaccumulation index showed metal levels as moderately to very highly contaminated. The non-carcinogenic risk (NCR) was found to be higher, and the carcinogenic risk (CR) exceeded the acceptable value 1 × 10-6 and posed greater risks to children than adults, especially for Cr in soil. The main exposure pathway for soil metals was 97.8-99.9% due to oral ingestion. The concentration of heavy metals especially Cr, Pb, Zn, and Cd, in vegetables was alarming as they crossed the safety limit. The calculated mean hazard index (8.71) for vegetable samples showed elevated levels of potential NCR, while CR for Cr and Cd, exceeded the acceptable limit of 1 × 10-6, indicating the probability of cancer risk to humans through the consumption of vegetables. This study revealed a to-and-fro analysis of the present scenario of the tannery area, giving importance to human health and the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Al Mizan
- Institute of Appropriate Technology, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh.,Department of Leather Engineering, Khulna University of Engineering &Technology, Khulna, 9203, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Arif Hasan Mamun
- Institute of Appropriate Technology, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh.,Department of Mechanical Engineering, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Md Saiful Islam
- Department of Soil Science, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Dumki, Patuakhali, 8602, Bangladesh
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Chen C, Luo J, Bu C, Zhang W, Ma L. Identifying unusual human exposures to pesticides: Qilu Lake Basin as an overlooked source. Sci Total Environ 2023; 858:159864. [PMID: 36461573 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.159864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Although common exposure pathways of pesticides (e.g., crop consumption) have been intensively studied, we noticed that some unusual occupational exposures to pesticides were overlooked and could lead to unacceptable health risks. In this study, we presented information on the occurrence of 5 triazine pesticides (TRIs) and 3 neonicotine pesticides (NEOs) detected in water samples of Qilu Lake Basin in China. We identified the unusual occupational exposure scenarios as (i) adult females washing the harvested vegetables, and (ii) adult males catching fish in Qilu Lake; next, the health risk assessment was conducted using collected data. The results showed that the mean Σ5 TRI concentrations ranged from 505.87 ng/L in spring to 864.04 ng/L in summer, and the river water samples around Qilu Lake had the highest concentrations. The mean concentrations of Σ3 NEOs ranged from 885.86 ng/L in winter to 2593.04 ng/L in summer. Occupational exposed populations were bearing one to two orders of magnitude higher exposure doses than local adults. Although the carcinogenic risks caused by atrazine in water were at acceptable levels for local residents, all the occupational exposed males were at moderate risks, and 15.78 %-43.50 % of occupational exposed females in different seasons were even at high risks. The non-carcinogenic risks caused by pesticides in water were all at negligible levels, but the occupational exposed population were facing up to two orders of magnitude higher risks than local residents. This study established a sound basis for further decision-making to take necessary action on protection of sensitive population groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Jiahong Luo
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Chengcheng Bu
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Weiwei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Limin Ma
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China.
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Besis A, Avgenikou A, Pantelaki I, Serafeim E, Georgiadou E, Voutsa D, Samara C. Hazardous organic pollutants in indoor dust from elementary schools and kindergartens in Greece: Implications for children's health. Chemosphere 2023; 310:136750. [PMID: 36241110 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.136750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Children spend a significant portion of their day in school, where they may be exposed to hazardous organic compounds accumulated in indoor dust. The aim of this study was to evaluate the concentrations of major hazardous organic contaminants in dust collected from kindergartens and elementary schools in Northern Greece (n = 20). The sum concentrations of 20 targeted polybrominated diphenyl ether congeners (∑20PBDEs) in dust varied from 58 ng g-1 to 1480 ng g-1, while the sum of 4 novel brominated fire retardants (∑4NBFRs) ranged from 28 ng g-1 to 555 ng g-1. Correspondingly, the sum concentrations of phthalate esters (∑9PAEs) ranged between 265 μg g-1 and 2120 μg g-1, while the sum of organophosphate esters (∑11OPEs) was found between 2890 ng g-1 and 16,100 ng g-1. Finally, the sum concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (∑16PAHs) were found within in the range 212 ng g-1 and 6960 ng g-1. Exposure to indoor dust contaminant via inhalation, ingestion and dermal absorption was investigated for children and adults (teachers). Carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks were also estimated. Children's estimated intakes of individual hazardous chemicals via the three exposure routes, were lower than the available health-based reference values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athanasios Besis
- Environmental Pollution Control Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124, Thessaloniki, Greece.
| | - Anna Avgenikou
- Environmental Pollution Control Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Ioanna Pantelaki
- Environmental Pollution Control Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Eleni Serafeim
- Environmental Pollution Control Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Eleni Georgiadou
- Environmental Pollution Control Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Dimitra Voutsa
- Environmental Pollution Control Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Constantini Samara
- Environmental Pollution Control Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124, Thessaloniki, Greece
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Li D, Zhang Q, Sun D, Yang C, Luo G. Accumulation and risk assessment of heavy metals in rice: a case study for five areas of Guizhou Province, China. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2022; 29:84113-84124. [PMID: 35776312 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-21739-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, the concentration and accumulation abilities of five heavy metals (Cd, Hg, As, Pb, Cr) in rice were assessed and their human health risk to local citizens had been evaluated. Soil and rice samples (125 samples) were collected from Guiyang (GY), Qiannan (QN), Bijie (BJ), Tongren (TR), and Zunyi (ZY) in Guizhou Province. Heavy metals were measured by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) after microwave digestion. The mean concentrations of Cd, Hg, As, Pb, and Cr were 0.58, 0.65, 12.31, 38.70, and 87.30 mg/kg in soil and were 0.05, 0.005, 0.11, 0.07, and 0.34 mg/kg in rice, respectively. The bioconcentration factors (BCF) decreased with the order Cd > Hg > As > Cr > Pb. Non-carcinogenic risk in this study was evaluated using the method of the hazard quotient (HQ) and hazard index (HI). The mean HQ values for Cd, Hg, Pb, and Cr were all lower than the standard limit (1.0) for children and adults, except As with the mean HQ for children of 2.79. The mean HI values for children and adults were 4.22 and 1.42, which exceeded 1.0. The mean carcinogenic risk (CR) values of As and Pb for children and adults were higher than the upper limit of the acceptable range (1 × 10-4) established by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA). In a conclusion, the non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks induced by heavy metals for children were higher than that for adults. This study revealed that consumption of rice in study areas may pose potential non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks to humans, and As was the largest contributor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dashuan Li
- School of Public Health/the Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Qinghai Zhang
- School of Public Health/the Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, China.
| | - Dali Sun
- School of Public Health/the Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Chaolian Yang
- School of Public Health/the Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Guofei Luo
- School of Public Health/the Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, China
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Kazemi A, Esmaeilbeigi M, Sahebi Z, Shooshtari SJ. Hydrochemical evaluation of groundwater quality and human health risk assessment of trace elements in the largest mining district of South Khorasan, Eastern Iran. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2022; 29:81804-81829. [PMID: 35739445 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-21494-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The groundwater resources of mining areas have been in a challenging condition in terms of metal pollution and human health. Therefore, this study investigated the concentration of cobalt (Co), molybdenum (Mo), selenium (Se), tin (Sn), and antimony (Sb) in groundwater samples (wells, qanats, and springs) in a heavily contaminated mining district, South Khorasan, Eastern Iran. Human health risk of the studied metals to target groups was assessed, and water quality of the studied groundwater was investigated in the study area. A total of 367 sampling sites (279 wells, 74 qanats, and 14 springs) in South Khorasan Province were selected to collect the groundwater samples from June to July 2020. Sampling was performed thrice for each sampling point, and hydrochemical parameters were evaluated using a portable multiparameter. Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) was used to detect the metal concentrations. Results showed an order of Se > Mo > Sn > Co > Sb, and hazard index (HI) demonstrated a warning condition for south of South Khorasan (drinking application), southwest of South Khorasan (Irrigation application), and east and center of South Khorasan (drinking-irrigation application). Hydrochemical parameters showed a classification of "Na + K type" and "Mixed Ca-Mg-Cl type" with an overall group of "Na-Cl-HCO3" for sampled waters. Ficklin-Caboi diagram depicted a classification of "near-neutral low metal," and Schoeller diagram classified studied groundwater as "good" for drinking and irrigation consumptions and "Na-Cl" type based on ion balance diagram. Based on the correlation analysis, positive relationships were recorded among EC, TDS, Cl-, Na+, sulfate, Ca2+, salt, total hardness, Mg2+, ammonia, and K+ measured in the water samples. In essence, arid regions of the world greatly rely upon groundwater resources for drinking and irrigation consumptions, and mining districts with a heavy load of active mines can be a serious threat to the groundwater quality and human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Kazemi
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Arak University, Arak, Iran.
| | - Milad Esmaeilbeigi
- Centre for Applied Water Science, Institute for Applied Ecology, University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Zahra Sahebi
- Arvin Zist Pooya Lab, Postal Code, 1563794747, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sharif Joorabian Shooshtari
- Department of Nature Engineering, Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University of Khuzestan, Mollasani, Iran
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Akbulut Özen S, Yesilkanat CM, Özen M, Başsarı A, Taşkın H. Health risk assessment of soil trace elements using the Sequential Gaussian Simulation approach. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2022; 29:72683-72698. [PMID: 35610455 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-20974-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the performance of the Sequential Gaussian Simulation (SGS) approach was studied with the aim of accurately determining local health risk distributions associated with trace elements (V, Cr, Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, and Pb). This study plays a crucial role in determining the distribution of health risk levels, especially from heavy metals. In the SGS approach, health risk levels (non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic) were calculated for pixel sizes of 250 × 250 m2. Results were compared to the conventional Ordinary Kriging (OK) method. The cross-validation performances of both methods were compared. Non-carcinogenic health risks calculated according to SGS and OK for children were, respectively, ρc: 0.57 and 0.23, RMSE: 0.45 and 0.57, and MAE: 0.33 and 0.43. In the case of adults, non-carcinogenic SGS and OK results were, respectively, ρc: 0.53 and 0.24, RMSE: 0.06 and 0.07, and MAE: 0.04 and 0.05 for adults. Carcinogenic health risk estimates obtained by SGS and OK were, respectively, ρc: 0.72 and 0.31, RMSE: 4.1 × 10-5 and 5.8 × 10-5, and MAE: 3.2 × 10-5 and 4.3 × 10-5 in the case of children, and in the case of adults the results were, respectively, ρc: 0.71 and 0.30, RMSE: 5 × 10-6 and 4.3 × 10-6, and MAE: 4 × 10-6 and 5 × 10-6. These results indicated that SGS offered a more accurate approach in determining health risk distributions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songül Akbulut Özen
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Bursa Technical University, Bursa, Turkey.
| | | | - Murat Özen
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Bursa Technical University, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Asiye Başsarı
- Cekmece Nuclear Research and Training Center, Turkish Atomic Energy Authority (TAEK), Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Halim Taşkın
- Cekmece Nuclear Research and Training Center, Turkish Atomic Energy Authority (TAEK), Istanbul, Turkey
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Mohammadpour A, Zarei AA, Dehbandi R, Khaksefidi R, Shahsavani E, Rahimi S, Elshall AS, Azhdarpoor A. Comprehensive assessment of water quality and associated health risks in an arid region in south Iran. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2022; 135:105264. [PMID: 36152980 DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2022.105264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 09/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Abstract
This study aims at investigating the quality of drinking water and evaluating the non-carcinogenic risk of fluoride and nitrate ions in drinking water, and fluoride in tea in Zarrin Dasht, Iran. We focus on tea since it is the most popular drink among Iranian people and in the study region. We collected and analyzed 23 drinking water samples and 23 tea samples from different locations in the study region. Based on the water quality index, the consumed drinking water does not have a good quality in most Zarrin Dasht areas. Accordingly, the water quality index (WQI) is poor and very poor in 70% and 13% of the water samples, respectively. The average fluoride concentration of the tea samples is 2.71 mg/L. The mean values of Fluoride Hazard Index (HIfluoride) are 3.77, 2.77, and 2.33 for children, teenagers, and adults, respectively, which are higher than the safe limit of 1. The Nitrate Hazard Index (HInitrate) is higher than the safe limit of 1 in 8.7% of the samples. The results of the Monte Carlo simulation demonstrate that HIfluoride and HInitrate are higher than 1 in all the groups, except for adults. According to the results of the sensitivity analysis, ingestion rate and body weight have a large effect on HIfluoride and HInitrate, but body weight is inversely associated with sensitivity. According to the Piper diagram, saline water is the predominant type in Zarrin Dasht. Besides, the results of the principal component analysis (PCA) show a high correlation between fluoride and pH, which could be related to the effect of pH on fluoride dissolution and ion exchange. Therefore, appropriate measures are recommended to be taken in order to reduce the amount of fluoride in the drinking water resources of this region. Reduction of tea consumption can also be considered an important factor in decreasing the amount of fluoride intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amin Mohammadpour
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Amin Allah Zarei
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh, Iran
| | - Reza Dehbandi
- Environmental Technologies Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Razyeh Khaksefidi
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Ebrahim Shahsavani
- Research Center for Social Determinants of Health, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom, Iran
| | - Sajad Rahimi
- Health Sciences Research Center, Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh, Iran
| | - Ahmed S Elshall
- Department of Bioengineering, Civil Engineering, and Environmental Engineering, U.A. Whitaker College of Engineering, Florida Gulf Coast University, Fort Myers, FL, USA; The Water School, Florida Gulf Coast University, Fort Myers, FL, USA
| | - Abooalfazl Azhdarpoor
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
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Yang Y, Zhang H, Qiu S, Sooranna SR, Deng X, Qu X, Yin W, Chen Q, Niu B. Risk assessment and early warning of the presence of heavy metal pollution in strawberries. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 2022; 243:114001. [PMID: 36027710 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.114001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metal pollution is a major threat to agricultural produce and it can pose potential ecological risks which subsequently impacts on human health. Strawberries are an economically important produce of China. The intrinsic link of heavy metal pollution risk in the soil-strawberry ecosystem is of concern. In this study, the pollution index of heavy metal pollutants in farmlands of different provinces were evaluated, and the results showed significantly high levels of cadmium. In addition, Nemerow integrated pollution index analysis showed that low-pollution farmlands only accounted for 14.07% of the total arable land area. Then, the transfer factors were used to calculate the migration of heavy metals from the soil into strawberries. The results showed that cadmium and nickel were relatively high in strawberries from the Guangxi province. Similar results were found for mercury in Jiangxi Province. The pollution index of single food pollution also showed that mercury in strawberries from Jiangxi Province was at a moderate pollution level. The comprehensive pollution index indicated that heavy metal pollution in strawberries in Central China may be severe. In addition, spatial clustering analysis showed that cadmium, chromium, lead, arsenic and zinc in strawberries had significant hotspot clustering in central, south and southwest China. Finally, our studies also suggested that the risk of carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic diseases was higher in the (2, 4] years age group than in other age groups. People in Yunnan Province were also found to have a higher non-carcinogenic risk than those in other provinces and cities in China. This study provides a comprehensive view of the potential risks of heavy metal contamination in strawberries, which could provide assistance in the design of regulatory and risk management programs for chemical pollutants in strawberries, thus ensuring the safety of consumption of these edible fruits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunfeng Yang
- School of life Science, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai 200444, PR China
| | - Hui Zhang
- School of life Science, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai 200444, PR China
| | - Songyin Qiu
- Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing 100176, PR China
| | - Suren Rao Sooranna
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, 369 Fulham Road, London SW10 9NH, United Kingdom
| | - Xiaojun Deng
- Technical Center for Animal, Plant and Food Inspection and Quarantine, Shanghai Customs, Shanghai 200135, PR China
| | - Xiaosheng Qu
- National Engineering laboratory of Southwest Endangered Medicinal Resources Development, Guangxi Botanical Garden of Medicinal, Nanning, PR China
| | - Wenyu Yin
- School of Materials Engineering, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Materials, Changshu Institute of Technology, Changshu 215500, Jiangsu, PR China.
| | - Qin Chen
- School of life Science, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai 200444, PR China.
| | - Bing Niu
- School of life Science, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai 200444, PR China.
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Huang S, Ma S, Wang D, Liu H, Li G, Yu Y. National-scale urinary phthalate metabolites in the general urban residents involving 26 provincial capital cities in China and the influencing factors as well as non-carcinogenic risks. Sci Total Environ 2022; 838:156062. [PMID: 35597362 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.156062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Phthalates (PAEs) are widely used in daily products but can cause a variety of adverse effects in humans. Few studies have been carried out on human internal exposure levels of PAEs on a large-scale, especially in developing countries. In the present study, 1161 urine samples collected from residents of 26 provincial capitals in China were analyzed for nine phthalate metabolites (mPAEs). The chemicals were widely detected, and the median specific gravity adjusted urinary concentration of Σ9mPAEs was 278 μg/L. Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) and di-n-butyl phthalate (DnBP) were the main parent PAEs that the residents were exposed to. Demographic characteristics, such as age and educational level, were significantly associated with PAE exposure. Children and the elderly had higher mPAE levels. Subjects with lower educational levels were more frequently exposed to DnBP and DEHP. However, mono-ethyl phthalate showed the opposite trend, i.e., higher concentrations in subjects aged 18-59 years and with higher educational levels. Geographic differences were detected at the national scale. Residents in northeastern and western China had higher levels of mPAEs than those in central China, most likely because of different industrial usage of the chemicals and different living habits and living conditions of the residents. Health risk assessment showed that hazard indices of PAEs ranged from 0.07 to 9.34, with 20.0% of the subjects being concern for potential non-carcinogenic risk as assessed by Monte Carlo simulation. DEHP and DnBP were the primary contributors, representing 96.7% of total risk. This first large-scale study on PAE human internal exposure in China provides useful information on residents' health in a developing country, which could be used for chemical management and health protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Senyuan Huang
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, Key Laboratory of City Cluster Environmental Safety and Green Development, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Shengtao Ma
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, Key Laboratory of City Cluster Environmental Safety and Green Development, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Dongwu Wang
- Shouguang City Center for Disease Control and Prevention in Shandong Province, Weifang 262700, PR China
| | - Hongli Liu
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, Key Laboratory of City Cluster Environmental Safety and Green Development, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Guiying Li
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, Key Laboratory of City Cluster Environmental Safety and Green Development, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Yingxin Yu
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, Key Laboratory of City Cluster Environmental Safety and Green Development, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China.
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Antoniadis V, Thalassinos G, Levizou E, Wang J, Wang SL, Shaheen SM, Rinklebe J. Hazardous enrichment of toxic elements in soils and olives in the urban zone of Lavrio, Greece, a legacy, millennia-old silver/lead mining area and related health risk assessment. J Hazard Mater 2022; 434:128906. [PMID: 35452984 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.128906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Lavrio is a Greek town with several abandoned Ag/Pb mines. In this study, 19 potentially toxic elements (PTEs) were measured in soil, weeds, and olives. Levels of seven of the studied PTEs in soil were highly elevated: Zn (56.2-58,726 mg kg-1), Pb (36.2-31,332), As (7.3-10,886), Cu (8.3-1273), Sb (0.99-297.8), Cd (0.17-287.7), and Ag (0.09-38.7). Synchrotron-based X-ray absorption near edge structure analysis of the soils revealed that As was predominantly associated with scorodite, Pb with humic substances, Zn with illite, Zn(OH)2 and humic substances, and Fe with goethite-like minerals. The transfer of the PTEs to weeds was relatively low, with the transfer coefficient being less than 1.0 for all PTEs. Cadmium in table olives surpassed 0.05 mg kg-1 fresh weight (the limit in EU), while Pb surpassed its limit in approximately half of the samples. Health risk assessment confirmed soil contamination in the study area where As and Pb hazard quotients were well above 1.0 and the average hazard index equaled 11.40. Additionally, the cancer risk values exceeding the 1 × 10-4 threshold. The results obtained in the study indicate that Lavrio urgently requires an adequate ecofriendly remediation plan, including revegetation with tolerant species and targeted efforts to chemically stabilize harmful PTEs. The presented approach may serve as a pivotal study for industrial areas with similar contamination levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasileios Antoniadis
- Department of Agriculture Crop Production and Rural Environment, University of Thessaly, Greece
| | - Giorgos Thalassinos
- Department of Agriculture Crop Production and Rural Environment, University of Thessaly, Greece
| | - Efi Levizou
- Department of Agriculture Crop Production and Rural Environment, University of Thessaly, Greece
| | - Jianxu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 550082 Guiyang, PR China
| | - Shan-Li Wang
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, National Taiwan University, No.1, Section 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 106 Taiwan
| | - Sabry M Shaheen
- University of Wuppertal, School of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Institute of Foundation Engineering, Water, and Waste-Management, Laboratory of Soil, and Groundwater-Management, Pauluskirchstraße 7, Wuppertal 42285, Germany; King Abdulaziz University, Faculty of Meteorology, Environment, and Arid Land Agriculture, Department of Arid Land Agriculture, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; University of Kafrelsheikh, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Soil and Water Sciences, 33516 Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt
| | - Jörg Rinklebe
- University of Wuppertal, School of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Institute of Foundation Engineering, Water, and Waste-Management, Laboratory of Soil, and Groundwater-Management, Pauluskirchstraße 7, Wuppertal 42285, Germany.
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Ibrahim EA, Selim EMM. Pollution and health risk assessment of trace metal in vegetable field soils in the Eastern Nile Delta, Egypt. Environ Monit Assess 2022; 194:540. [PMID: 35768669 PMCID: PMC9242902 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-022-10199-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/18/2022] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The accumulation of trace metals in vegetable field soils is of increasing worry because of the potential health hazards and their detrimental effects on soil ecosystems. To investigate the state of trace metal pollution in vegetable field soils, 60 surface soil samples were collected from vegetable fields across the Eastern Nile Delta region, Egypt. The results concluded that the concentrations of Cu, Mn, and Ni were lesser than their corresponding background values, while the concentrations of Cd, Co, Pb, and Zn were exceeding their background values. The pollution indices showed that the studied soil experienced low to moderate contamination and the Cd and Cr contamination was serious. The hazard index values of nine trace metals signified that there was no adverse non-carcinogenic risk for adults and children. The carcinogenic risk of Cd, Co, Ni, and Pb for both age groups was within acceptable limits, while Cr had critical carcinogenic hazards for children. Overall, the quality of studied soils is relatively safe, although some samples impose serious pollution problems of Cd and Cr. Thus, properly monitored trace metals and soil management action should be applied to reduce further soil pollution in vegetable fields in the Eastern Nile Delta.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehab A Ibrahim
- Cross Pollinated Vegetable Crops Research Department, Horticulture Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, 9 Cairo University St., Orman, Giza, Egypt.
| | - El-Metwally M Selim
- Department of Soil Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Damietta University, Damietta, 34517, Egypt
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Sakunkoo P, Thonglua T, Sangkham S, Jirapornkul C, Limmongkon Y, Daduang S, Tessiri T, Rayubkul J, Thongtip S, Maneenin N, Pimonsree S. Human health risk assessment of PM 2.5-bound heavy metal of anthropogenic sources in the Khon Kaen Province of Northeast Thailand. Heliyon 2022; 8:e09572. [PMID: 35711987 PMCID: PMC9193878 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e09572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The study aimed to assess the human health risk of PM2.5-bound heavy metals from anthropogenic sources in Khon Kaen Province, Thailand between December 2020 and February 2021. According to the findings, the geometric mean concentration of PM2.5 in the university area, residential area, industrial zone, and the agricultural zone was 32.78 μg/m3, 50.25 μg/m3, 44.48 μg/m3, and 29.53 μg/m3, respectively. The results showed that the estimated human health risk assessment, in terms of non-carcinogenic risks among children and adults in an urban area (residential and university), industrial zone, and the agricultural area, was of hazard index (HI) value of >1.0 indicating a greater chance of chronic effects occurring. This study showed that exposure to PM2.5-bound heavy metal may increase the likelihood that lasting effects will result in a very high carcinogenic risk (CR) in children in residential areas, and an industrial zone with total carcinogenic risk (TCR) values of 0.23×101, and 0.12×101, respectively while resulting in a high TCR of 3.34×10−2 and 4.11×10−2 within the university areas and agricultural zone, respectively. In addition, health risk assessments among adults demonstrate high TCR values of 4.40×10−1 (residential area), 2.28×10−1 (industrial zone), and 7.70×10−3 (agricultural zone), thus indicating a potential health risk to adults living in these areas while the university area was very low effects on carcinogenic risk (CR≤10−8) for adults. Therefore, lowering the risk of exposure to PM2.5 via the respiratory tract, for example, wearing a mask outside is a very effective self-defense strategy for people within and around the study site. This data study strongly supports the implementation of the air pollutant emission source reduction measures control and health surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pornpun Sakunkoo
- Department of Environmental Health Occupational Health and Safety, Faculty of Public Health, Khon Kaen University, Muang District, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
- Occupational Health Safety and Environmental Epidemiology Group (OHSEE), Faculty of Public Health, Khon Kaen University, Muang District, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Theerachai Thonglua
- Department of Environmental Health Occupational Health and Safety, Faculty of Public Health, Khon Kaen University, Muang District, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | - Sarawut Sangkham
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, University of Phayao, Muang District, Phayao, 56000, Thailand
- Corresponding author at: Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, University of Phayao, Muang District, Phayao, 56000, Thailand.
| | - Chananya Jirapornkul
- Occupational Health Safety and Environmental Epidemiology Group (OHSEE), Faculty of Public Health, Khon Kaen University, Muang District, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Faculty of Public Health, Khon Kaen University, Muang District, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | - Yuparat Limmongkon
- Department of Environmental Health Occupational Health and Safety, Faculty of Public Health, Khon Kaen University, Muang District, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
- Occupational Health Safety and Environmental Epidemiology Group (OHSEE), Faculty of Public Health, Khon Kaen University, Muang District, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Sakda Daduang
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Muang District, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | - Thanee Tessiri
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Muang District, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | - Jetnapis Rayubkul
- Occupational Health Safety and Environmental Epidemiology Group (OHSEE), Faculty of Public Health, Khon Kaen University, Muang District, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
- Faculty of Public Health, Khon Kaen University, Muang District, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | - Sakesun Thongtip
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, University of Phayao, Muang District, Phayao, 56000, Thailand
- Atmospheric Pollution and Climate Change Research Unit, School of Energy and Environment, University of Phayao, Muang District, Phayao, 56000, Thailand
| | - Naowarat Maneenin
- Occupational Health Safety and Environmental Epidemiology Group (OHSEE), Faculty of Public Health, Khon Kaen University, Muang District, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Faculty of Public Health, Khon Kaen University, Muang District, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
- Corresponding author at: Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Faculty of Public Health, Khon Kaen University, Muang District, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand.
| | - Sittichai Pimonsree
- Atmospheric Pollution and Climate Change Research Unit, School of Energy and Environment, University of Phayao, Muang District, Phayao, 56000, Thailand
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Kazemi A, Esmaeilbeigi M, Sahebi Z, Ansari A. Health risk assessment of total chromium in the qanat as historical drinking water supplying system. Sci Total Environ 2022; 807:150795. [PMID: 34653467 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the health risk assessment of total chromium (CrT) in qanats of South Khorasan, Eastern Iran. For this, concentration of CrT in a total of 83 qanats were measured in summer 2020. Samples were initially tested in the field for temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen (DO), electrical conductivity (EC), and total dissolved solids (TDS). In the lab, collected samples were filtered and fixed with nitric acid (HNO3) for the detection of CrT using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Hazard quotient (HQ) and carcinogenic risk assessments were considered to evaluate the risks of CrT to inhabitants. Results showed that concentration of CrT ranged from 1.79 to 1017.05 μg L-1, and a total of 25 stations illuminated CrT concentrations above the WHO standards (50 μg L-1). HQ demonstrated HQ < 1 for 90.37% of studied samples with negligible hazard, whereas 9.63% of stations illuminated HQ ≥ 1 meaning the presence of non-carcinogenic risk for water consumers. Carcinogenic risk (CR) exhibited CR > 1.00E-04 in 81.93% of qanats while 18.07% of stations had 1.00E-06 < CR < 1.00E-04 meaning no acceptable and acceptable CR for the studied qanats, respectively. Zoning map displayed that qanats in the south of South Khorasan possessed the highest HQ, but north regions showed the lowest ones. Together, CrT in qanats of South Khorasan is above the WHO limit, which results in a high risk of carcinogenicity for residents, and in turn, more efforts should be made to provide hygienic groundwater for consumers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Kazemi
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, Arak University, Arak, Iran.
| | - Milad Esmaeilbeigi
- Department of Marine Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Noor, Mazandaran, Iran
| | | | - Amir Ansari
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, Arak University, Arak, Iran
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Rasic Misic ID, Tosic SB, Pavlovic AN, Pecev-Marinkovic ET, Mrmosanin JM, Mitic SS, Stojanovic GS. Trace element content in commercial complementary food formulated for infants and toddlers: Health risk assessment. Food Chem 2022; 378:132113. [PMID: 35033722 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.132113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The study aimed to analyze trace elements content in baby purees and fruit juices and to evaluate the health risk of young children. The average daily dose, hazard quotient, hazard index and total diet hazard quotient were calculated to assess the potential health risk on per capita and consumers only groups of infants and toddlers. There was no significant health risk for studied groups regarding the intake of trace elements via purees and juices consumption. Health risk for lead was not estimated since the oral reference dose for this metal was not yet established and PTWI value was withdrawn. The average daily dose of lead for infants (0.32 - 0.46 µg/kg bw/day) and toddlers (2.01 - 2.29 µg/kg bw/day) were in accordance with the daily lead exposure intervals estimated by EFSA. Applying statistical analysis, the products were classified into three groups according to the content of trace elements.
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Wei J, Li H, Liu J. Heavy metal pollution in the soil around municipal solid waste incinerators and its health risks in China. Environ Res 2022; 203:111871. [PMID: 34390720 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.111871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In China, municipal solid waste (MSW) incineration (MSWI) has been increasing in recent years. However, little is known about how the operation of incinerators can affect levels of heavy metals (HMs) in nearby soils or about the possible associated health risks. It is necessary to understand the degree of enrichment of HMs and health risks to people living nearby. METHODS Previous studies (2002-2021) regarding soil HMs near MSW incinerators were collected, and a cluster and factor analysis was used to evaluate the accumulation trends and distribution characteritics of HMs. The soil contamination degrees and the consequent health risks were then assessed. RESULTS Cd (0.24 ± 0.16 mg kg-1) is typically accumulated in the topsoil near incinerators, and this is followed by Hg (0.13 ± 0.09 mg kg-1). Most of the health risk due to the total HMs is derived from dermal contact. Dermal contact with Cd and As contributes to more than 67% of the non-carcinogenic risk, while dermal contact with As contributes to more than 99% of the carcinogenic risk (CR). Furthermore, 81.43% of adult males and 76.85% of adult females suffer from CR levels greater than 10-4 due to dermal exposure to As. CONCLUSIONS Soils near incinerators indicated light pollution and moderate potential ecological risk, especially with regard to Cd and Hg contamination. Undeniably, there was no significant difference between the health risks from soil HMs near incinerators and from arable land at the national level. It is suggested to reduce the input quantity of HMs by taking advantage of the nationwide implementation of MSW classification and upgrading air pollution control devices for further HM emission reductions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junxiao Wei
- Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Huan Li
- Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
| | - Jianguo Liu
- Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China; School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
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Nguyen VT, Vo TDH, Tran TD, Nguyen TNK, Nguyen TB, Dang BT, Bui XT. Arsenic-contaminated groundwater and its potential health risk: A case study in Long An and Tien Giang provinces of the Mekong Delta, Vietnam. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2021; 28:63558-63571. [PMID: 32954450 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-10837-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The occurrence of arsenic (As) in groundwater (drilled well water) that were used for drinking, cooking, and personal hygiene and its risks to human health in Long An and Tien Giang provinces (Mekong delta, Vietnam) were evaluated in this study. The average As concentrations were 15.92 ± 11.4 μg/L (n = 24, Long An) and 4.95 ± 4.7 μg/L (n = 24, Tien Giang). The average concentrations of As in Long An had not reached the WHO and QCVN 01: 2009/BYT healthy drinking water standard (10 μg/L). When used as a source of water for drinking and daily activities, arsenic-contaminated groundwater may have a direct impact on human health. The risk assessment from groundwater established by the US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) was conducted. The risk assessment showed that the average cancer risk (CR) values were 8.68 × 10-4 (adults) and 2.39 × 10-3 (children) for Long An, and 2.70 × 10-4 (adults) and 7.43 × 10-4 (children) for Tien Giang. These results were significantly higher than the CR (1 × 10-4) proposed by the USEPA. The adverse health effect was therefore specifically warned by the use of arsenic-contaminated groundwater. This research offers valuable knowledge for efficient water management approaches to guarantee local communities' health protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Van-Truc Nguyen
- Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, 550000, Vietnam
| | - Thi-Dieu-Hien Vo
- Faculty of Environmental and Food Engineering, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
| | - Thanh-Dai Tran
- Faculty of Applied Sciences-Health, Dong Nai Technology University, Bien Hoa, Dong Nai, Vietnam
| | - Thi-Nhu-Khanh Nguyen
- Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (HCMUT), Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Vietnam
| | - Thanh-Binh Nguyen
- Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Bao-Trong Dang
- Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology - HUTECH, 475 A Dien Bien Phu, Binh Thanh district, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Xuan-Thanh Bui
- Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (HCMUT), Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Vietnam.
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Waste Treatment Technology, Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh (VNU-HCM), Linh Trung ward, Thu Duc district, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Vietnam.
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Yang F, Yun Y, Li G, Sang N. Heavy metals in soil from gangue stacking areas increases children health risk and causes developmental neurotoxicity in zebrafish larvae. Sci Total Environ 2021; 794:148629. [PMID: 34217090 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Coal is the main energy source in China, with 4.5 billion metric tons of coal gangue accumulating near the mining areas in the process of coal mining. The objectives of the present study were to identify the health risks to children from soil pollution caused by coal gangue accumulation and to clarify the possible developmental neurotoxicity caused by this accumulation using zebrafish (Danio rerio) as a model. The results reveal that As and seven other heavy metals in soil samples from the gangue dumping area to the downstream villages exhibited distance-dependent concentration variations and posed substantial potential non-carcinogenic risks to local children. Additionally, soil leachate could affect the key processes of early neurodevelopment in zebrafish at critical windows, mainly including the alterations of cytoskeleton regulation (α1-tubulin), axon growth (gap43), neuronal myelination (mbp) and synapse formation (sypa, sypb, and psd95), eventually leading to hypoactivity in the zebrafish larvae. These findings suggest the possible health risks of soil pollution in the coal gangue stacking areas to children, particularly affecting their early neurodevelopment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fenglong Yang
- College of Environment and Resource, Research Center of Environment and Health, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, PR China
| | - Yang Yun
- College of Environment and Resource, Research Center of Environment and Health, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, PR China
| | - Guangke Li
- College of Environment and Resource, Research Center of Environment and Health, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, PR China.
| | - Nan Sang
- College of Environment and Resource, Research Center of Environment and Health, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, PR China
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Gao J, Zhang D, Uwiringiyimana E, Proshad R, Ugurlu A. Evaluation of Trace Element Contamination and Health Risks of Medicinal Herbs Collected from Unpolluted and Polluted Areas in Sichuan Province, China. Biol Trace Elem Res 2021; 199:4342-4352. [PMID: 33389620 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-020-02539-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Trace element contamination in Chinese herbal medicines has been recognized as a potential health concern for consumers. To assess the health risk to the herb-consuming population, nine trace elements (Cu, Cd, Cr, Mo, Ni, Pb, Sr, Zn, and As) were investigated based on their concentrations in three common medicinal plants (Astragalus membranaceus, Codonopsis tangshen, and Paris polyphylla var. chinensis) and soils from unpolluted and polluted areas in the Sichuan Province, China. The results showed that the metal content differed significantly in medicinal plants and soils from unpolluted versus polluted areas. No significant differences in metal accumulation were observed for these CHMs grown in either unpolluted or polluted areas. Evaluation of the health risk index suggested that soil ingestion and medicated diet represented the dominant exposure routes, indicating that trace metal(loids) in local soil might pose potential risks through soil-food chain transfer. Hazard quotient values for AM (1.473) and CT (1.357) were higher than the standard value (HQ > 1), whereas the hazard indices for PC, AM, and CT were 13.18, 14.33, and 14.01 times higher than the safe limit (HI > 1) in the polluted area, indicating non-cancer-related health hazards. Ingestion of soil was responsible for 36.39 to 91.06% of the total cancer risk and medicated diet accounted for 6.35 to 62.71%, compared with inhalation and dermal contact, suggesting carcinogenic health risks in herbs from polluted soils. In this study, Pb showed relatively higher non-carcinogenic risks, while Cr and Ni posed the highest cancer risks. Therefore, we propose more effective measures, which should be considered for Cr, Ni, and Pb remediation in soil to reduce their pollution in the studied areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianing Gao
- Key Laboratory of Mountain Surface Processes and Ecological Regulation, Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, #9, Block 4, Renminnanlu Road, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Dan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Mountain Surface Processes and Ecological Regulation, Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, #9, Block 4, Renminnanlu Road, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ernest Uwiringiyimana
- Key Laboratory of Mountain Surface Processes and Ecological Regulation, Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, #9, Block 4, Renminnanlu Road, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Ram Proshad
- Key Laboratory of Mountain Surface Processes and Ecological Regulation, Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, #9, Block 4, Renminnanlu Road, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Aysenur Ugurlu
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
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Custodio M, Peñaloza R, Ochoa S, Cuadrado W. Human risk associated with the ingestion of artichokes grown in soils irrigated with water contaminated by potentially toxic elements, Junin, Peru. Saudi J Biol Sci 2021; 28:5952-62. [PMID: 34588912 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.06.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The contamination of water, air and soil with potentially toxic elements (PTE) compromises the supply of contaminant free food. Vegetables grown in contaminated soils can absorb and accumulate PTE at concentrations that are toxic to human health. In this context, the human risk associated with the intake of artichokes grown in soils irrigated with PTE contaminated water was assessed. 120 samples of surface soil and artichoke heads were collected and the concentrations of Cu, Fe, Pb, Zn and As were determined. The results showed that the concentrations of Cu, Fe and Zn in soil did not exceed the standards of the Ministry of Environment of Peru, but they did exceed those of Pb (125.45 mg kg-1) and As (28.70 mg kg-1). The decreasing order of mean PTE concentration in artichoke heads was Fe > Zn > Cu > Pb > As, exceeding the permissible levels of FAO/WHO CODEX Alimentarius. However, the concentrations of As comply with the maximum limits of inorganic contaminants in vegetables (0.3 mg kg-1) established in the MERCOSUR regulations. The non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risk of Pb and As indicated that the ingestion of artichoke heads does not represent a health risk.
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Selvam S, Jesuraja K, Roy PD, Venkatramanan S, Chung SY, Elzain HE, Muthukumar P, Nath AV, Karthik R. Assessment of groundwater from an industrial coastal area of south India for human health risk from consumption and irrigation suitability. Environ Res 2021; 200:111461. [PMID: 34090891 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.111461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We assessed the groundwater quality in an industrial area (Tiruchendur Taluk) of Tamil Nadu state in coastal south India for human health risk from drinking as well as irrigation suitability by using the drinking water quality index (DWQI), irrigation factors (sodium adsorption ratio, sodium percentage, residual sodium carbonate and permeability index) and health hazard valuation (THQI- by consuming NO3- and F-). About 57% of the samples represented Ca2+-Mg2+-Cl--SO42- facies and the anthropological unhygienic inputs elevated the salinity. Our results indicated that all the samples are unsuitable for drinking (DWQI up to 1063) and almost half of them are also unsuitable for irrigation due to sodium risk. Total hazard quotient index (THQI; HQ nitrate and HQ fluoride) suggested the order of health risk as children > women > men with about 64%, 70% and 79% of the samples posing non-carcinogenic risks for men, women and children, respectively. Different mitigation measures and sustainable development should be enforced to minimize the health issues from contamination caused by industries, fertilizers in agro-fields and natural processes and reduce the sodium dominance in groundwater. The spatial distribution maps of this study could also be helpful in organization of proper treatment plans to provide safe and hygienic groundwater to the community.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Selvam
- Department of Geology, V.O. Chidambaram College, Tuticorin, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - K Jesuraja
- Department of Geology, V.O. Chidambaram College, Tuticorin, Tamil Nadu, India; Registration No: 18212232061030, Affiliated to Manonmaniam Sundranar University, Abishekapatti, Tirunelveli, 627012, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Priyadarsi D Roy
- Instituto de Geología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Ciudad de México, C.P. 04510, Mexico
| | - S Venkatramanan
- Department of Disaster Management, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - S Y Chung
- Department of Earth & Environmental Sciences, Institute of Environmental Geosciences, Pukyong National University, Busan, 608-737, South Korea
| | - Hussam Eldin Elzain
- Department of Earth & Environmental Sciences, Institute of Environmental Geosciences, Pukyong National University, Busan, 608-737, South Korea
| | - P Muthukumar
- Department of Geology, V.O. Chidambaram College, Tuticorin, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Akhila V Nath
- Department of Geology, V.O. Chidambaram College, Tuticorin, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - R Karthik
- Department of Geology, V.O. Chidambaram College, Tuticorin, Tamil Nadu, India
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Fu S, Yue D, Lin W, Hu Q, Yuan L, Zhao Y, Zhai Y, Mai D, Zhang H, Wei Q, He L. Insights into the source-specific health risk of ambient particle-bound metals in the Pearl River Delta region, China. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2021; 224:112642. [PMID: 34399126 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Quantification of source-specific health risks of PM2.5 plays an essential role in health-oriented air pollution control. However, there is limited evidence supporting the source-based risk apportionment of particle-bound metals. In this study, source-specific cancer and non-cancer risk characterization of 12 particle-bound metals was performed in the Pearl River Delta (PRD) region, China. A combination of health risk assessment model and receptor-based source apportionment modeling with positive matrix factorization (PMF) was applied for characterizing the spatial-temporal patterns for inhalation health risks of particle-bound metals in three main city clusters, inland area and coastal area in the region from December 2014 through July 2016. Results showed that the carcinogenic risk of particle-bound metals for adults (4.13 × 10-5) was higher than that for children (9.53 × 10-6) in the PRD region. The highest and significant non-carcinogenic risk was found in the northwest city cluster. Industrial emission (63.3%) were the dominant contributors to the cancer risk, while the main contributors to the non-cancer risk were the vehicle emission source (33.2%) in the dry season and industrial emission (30.8%) in the wet season. Our results provide important evidence for spatial source-specific health risks with temporal characteristics of particle-bound metals in most densely populated areas in the southern China, and suggest that reduction of industrial and vehicle emissions could facilitate more cost-effective PM2.5 control measures to improve human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaojie Fu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Dingli Yue
- Guangdong Ecological and Environmental Monitoring Center, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Regional Air Quality Monitoring, Guangzhou 510308, China
| | - Weiwei Lin
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.
| | - Qiansheng Hu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Luan Yuan
- Guangdong Ecological and Environmental Monitoring Center, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Regional Air Quality Monitoring, Guangzhou 510308, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Guangdong Ecological and Environmental Monitoring Center, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Regional Air Quality Monitoring, Guangzhou 510308, China
| | - Yuhong Zhai
- Guangdong Ecological and Environmental Monitoring Center, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Regional Air Quality Monitoring, Guangzhou 510308, China
| | - Dejian Mai
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Hedi Zhang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Qing Wei
- Experimental Teaching Center, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Lingyan He
- Key Laboratory for Urban Habitat Environmental Science and Technology, Shenzhen Graduate School of Peking University, Shenzhen 518055, China
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Shokoohi R, Khazaei M, Karami M, Seid-mohammadi A, Khotanlou H, Berijani N, Torkshavand Z. Deterministic and probabilistic human health risk assessment approach of exposure to heavy metals in drinking water sources: A case study of a semi-arid region in the west of Iran. J Environ Health Sci Eng 2021; 19:1047-1055. [PMID: 34150293 PMCID: PMC8172687 DOI: 10.1007/s40201-021-00671-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
In the current study, the concentration of heavy metals (Ba, Mn, Pb, and Cd) in drinking water resources of 328 villages in Hamadan Province were measured using ICP-OES apparatus during two dry (September 2018) and wet (April 2019) seasons. The assessment of the non-carcinogenic risk of selected heavy metals was conducted based on the recommendations of the USEPA. Also, sensitivity analysis and uncertainty of the effective variables were performed using Monte-Carlo simulations. Based on the results, Mn level in drinking water samples ranged 0.08-25.63 μg/L and 0.08-20.03 μg/L in dry and wet seasons, respectively. Similarly, Ba levels in water samples ranged 0.15-70.13 μg/L and 0.84-65 μg/L. Also, Cd and Pb concentrations in all sampling sites were below the limits of detection (LOD) of the ICP-OES apparatus. The hazard index (HI) values for adult and children were 2.17 × 10-3 and 3.29 × 10-3, respectively, which show a lack of non-carcinogenic risk for the examined heavy metals (Mn and Ba) to the local inhabitants. The results of the sensitivity analyses for adults and children revealed that two variables including metal concentration and ingestion rate of drinking water (IR) had the highest positive effects on the non-carcinogenic risk estimates. It was also found that there was no significant non-carcinogenic risk for the local residents in the studied area due to drinking water consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Shokoohi
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health and Research Center for Health Sciences, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Khazaei
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health and Research Center for Health Sciences, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Manoochehr Karami
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Abdolmotaleb Seid-mohammadi
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health and Research Center for Health Sciences, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Hassan Khotanlou
- Department of Computer Engineering, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Nima Berijani
- Occupational Medicine Specialist, Sepehr Occupational Medicine Center, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Zahra Torkshavand
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health and Research Center for Health Sciences, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
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