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Meng X, Xie S, Liu J, Lv B, Huang X, Liu Q, Wang X, Malashicheva A, Liu J. Low dose cadmium inhibits syndecan-4 expression in glycocalyx of glomerular endothelial cells. J Appl Toxicol 2024; 44:908-918. [PMID: 38396353 DOI: 10.1002/jat.4592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is one of the most polluting heavy metal in the environment. Cd exposure has been elucidated to cause dysfunction of the glomerular filtration barrier (GFB). However, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. C57BL/6J male mice were administered with 2.28 mg/kg cadmium chloride (CdCl2) dissolved in distilled water by oral gavage for 14 days. The expression of SDC4 in the kidney tissues was detected. Human renal glomerular endothelial cells (HRGECs) were exposed to varying concentrations of CdCl2 for 24 h. The mRNA levels of SDC4, along with matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and 9, were analyzed by quantitative PCR. Additionally, the protein expression levels of SDC4, MMP-2/9, and both total and phosphorylated forms of Smad2/3 (P-Smad2/3) were detected by western blot. The extravasation rate of fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextran through the Transwell was used to evaluate the permeability of HRGECs. SB431542 was used as an inhibitor of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β signaling pathway to further investigate the role of TGF-β. Cd reduced SDC4 expression in both mouse kidney tissues and HRGECs. In addition, Cd exposure increased permeability and upregulated P-Smad2/3 levels in HRGECs. SB431542 treatment inhibited the phosphorylation of Smad2/3, Cd-induced SDC4 downregulation, and hyperpermeability. MMP-2/9 levels increased by Cd exposure was also blocked by SB431542, demonstrating the involvement of TGF-β/Smad pathway in low-dose Cd-induced SDC4 reduction in HRGECs. Given that SDC4 is an essential component of glycocalyx, protection or repair of endothelial glycocalyx is a potential strategy for preventing or treating kidney diseases associated with environmental Cd exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianli Meng
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, China
- Institute of Microvascular Medicine, Medical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, China
| | - Shuhui Xie
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, China
- Institute of Microvascular Medicine, Medical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Institute of Microvascular Medicine, Medical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, China
| | - Bingxuan Lv
- The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xin Huang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, China
| | - Qiang Liu
- Institute of Microvascular Medicine, Medical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, China
| | - Xia Wang
- Institute of Microvascular Medicine, Medical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, China
| | - Anna Malashicheva
- Laboratory of Regenerative Biomedicine, Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Ju Liu
- Institute of Microvascular Medicine, Medical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, China
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Halpert MM, Burns BA, Rosario SR, Withers HG, Trivedi AJ, Hofferek CJ, Gephart BD, Wang H, Vazquez-Perez J, Amanya SB, Hyslop ST, Yang J, Kemnade JO, Sandulache VC, Konduri V, Decker WK. Multifactoral immune modulation potentiates durable remission in multiple models of aggressive malignancy. FASEB J 2024; 38:e23644. [PMID: 38738472 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202302675r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
Tumors typically lack canonical danger signals required to activate adaptive immunity and also frequently employ substantial immunomodulatory mechanisms that downregulate adaptive responses and contribute to escape from immune surveillance. Given the variety of mechanisms involved in shielding tumors from immune recognition, it is not surprising that single-agent immunomodulatory approaches have been largely unsuccessful in generating durable antitumor responses. Here we report a unique combination of immunomodulatory and cytostatic agents that recondition the tumor microenvironment and eliminate complex and/or poor-prognosis tumor types including the non-immunogenic 4T-1 model of TNBC, the aggressive MOC-2 model of HNSCC, and the high-risk MYCN-amplified model of neuroblastoma. A course of therapy optimized for TNBC cured a majority of tumors in both ectopic and orthotopic settings and eliminated metastatic spread in all animals tested at the highest doses. Immune responses were transferable between therapeutic donor and naïve recipient through adoptive transfer, and a sizeable abscopal effect on distant, untreated lesions could be demonstrated experimentally. Similar results were observed in HNSCC and neuroblastoma models, with characteristic remodeling of the tumor microenvironment documented in all model systems. scRNA-seq analysis implicated upregulation of innate immune responses and antigen presentation in tumor cells and the myeloid cell compartment as critical early events. This analysis also highlighted the potential importance of the autonomic nervous system in the governance of inflammatory processes. The data indicate that the targeting of multiple pathways and mechanisms of action can result in substantial synergistic antitumor effects and suggest follow-up in the neoadjuvant setting may be warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew M Halpert
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Briana A Burns
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Spencer R Rosario
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Henry G Withers
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Akshar J Trivedi
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Colby J Hofferek
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Benjamin D Gephart
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Haotong Wang
- Department of Medicine, Section of Hematology & Oncology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | | | - Sharon B Amanya
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Sean T Hyslop
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Jianhua Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Jan O Kemnade
- Department of Medicine, Section of Hematology & Oncology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
- Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Vlad C Sandulache
- Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
- Bobby R. Alford Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Vanaja Konduri
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
- Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - William K Decker
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
- Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
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3
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You S, Han X, Xu Y, Sui L, Song K, Yao Q. High expression of SLC7A1 in high-grade serous ovarian cancer promotes tumor progression and is involved in MAPK/ERK pathway and EMT. Cancer Med 2024; 13:e7217. [PMID: 38752472 PMCID: PMC11097251 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.7217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Our previous studies have shown that upregulation of SLC7A1 in epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) tumor cells significantly increases cancer cell proliferation, migration, and cisplatin resistance; however, the molecular mechanism by which SLC7A1 functions in EOC remains unknown. In later studies, we found that SLC7A1 is also highly expressed in the interstitial portion of high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC), but the significance of this high expression in the interstitial remains unclear. Here, we showed the Interstitial high expression of SLC7A1 in HGSOC by immunohistochemistry. SLC7A1 enriched in cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) was upregulated by TGF-β1. Transwell assay, scratch assay, cck8 assay and cell adhesion assay showed that SLC7A1 highly expressed in CAFs promoted tumor cells invasion, migration and metastasis in vitro. The effect of SLC7A1 on MAPK and EMT pathway proteins in ovarian cancer (OC) was verified by RNA sequencing and western blotting. Overexpression of SLC7A1 in OC is involved in MAPK/ ERK pathway and EMT. In general, in HGSOC, CAFs overexpressing SLC7A1 supported the migration and invasion of tumor cells; SLC7A1 is highly expressed in ovarian cancer and is involved in ERK phosphorylation and EMT signaling in MAPK signaling pathway. This suggests that SLC7A1 may be a potential therapeutic target for OC metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shijing You
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyThe Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao UniversityQingdaoShandongChina
| | - Xiahui Han
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyThe Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao UniversityQingdaoShandongChina
| | - Yuance Xu
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyThe Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao UniversityQingdaoShandongChina
| | - Lei Sui
- Department of Gynecological OncologyAffiliated Qingdao Central Hospital of Qingdao UniversityQingdaoShandongChina
| | - Kejuan Song
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyThe Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao UniversityQingdaoShandongChina
| | - Qin Yao
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyThe Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao UniversityQingdaoShandongChina
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Simpson A, Krissanaprasit A, Chester D, Koehler C, LaBean TH, Brown AC. Utilizing multiscale engineered biomaterials to examine TGF-β-mediated myofibroblastic differentiation. Wound Repair Regen 2024; 32:234-245. [PMID: 38459905 PMCID: PMC11111354 DOI: 10.1111/wrr.13168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024]
Abstract
Cells integrate many mechanical and chemical cues to drive cell signalling responses. Because of the complex nature and interdependency of alterations in extracellular matrix (ECM) composition, ligand density, mechanics, and cellular responses it is difficult to tease out individual and combinatorial contributions of these various factors in driving cell behavior in homeostasis and disease. Tuning of material viscous and elastic properties, and ligand densities, in combinatorial fashions would enhance our understanding of how cells process complex signals. For example, it is known that increased ECM mechanics and transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) receptor (TGF-β-R) spacing/clustering independently drive TGF-β signalling and associated myofibroblastic differentiation. However, it remains unknown how these inputs orthogonally contribute to cellular outcomes. Here, we describe the development of a novel material platform that combines microgel thin films with controllable viscoelastic properties and DNA origami to probe how viscoelastic properties and nanoscale spacing of TGF-β-Rs contribute to TGF-β signalling and myofibroblastic differentiation. We found that highly viscous materials with non-fixed TGF-β-R spacing promoted increased TGF-β signalling and myofibroblastic differentiation. This is likely due to the ability of cells to better cluster receptors on these surfaces. These results provide insight into the contribution of substrate properties and receptor localisation on downstream signalling. Future studies allow for exploration into other receptor-mediated processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aryssa Simpson
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering of University of North Carolina - Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Abhichart Krissanaprasit
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Daniel Chester
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering of University of North Carolina - Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
- Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Cynthia Koehler
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Thomas H LaBean
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
- Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Ashley C Brown
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering of University of North Carolina - Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
- Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
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Vasconcelos-Fontes L, Vieira RC, He M, Ferreira-Reis R, Jurberg AD, Arêas Mendes-da-Cruz D, Andersson J, Cotta-de-Almeida V, Westerberg LS. Controlled WASp activity regulates the proliferative response for Treg cell differentiation in the thymus. Eur J Immunol 2024; 54:e2350450. [PMID: 38356202 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202350450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
The Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein (WASp) regulates actin cytoskeletal dynamics and function of hematopoietic cells. Mutations in the WAS gene lead to two different syndromes; Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome (WAS) caused by loss-of-function mutations, and X-linked neutropenia (XLN) caused by gain-of-function mutations. We previously showed that WASp-deficient mice have a decreased number of regulatory T (Treg) cells in the thymus and the periphery. We here evaluated the impact of WASp mutations on Treg cells in the thymus of WAS and XLN mouse models. Using in vitro Treg differentiation assays, WAS CD4 single-positive thymocytes have decreased differentiation to Treg cells, despite normal early signaling upon IL-2 and TGF-β stimulation. They failed to proliferate and express CD25 at high levels, leading to poor survival and a lower number of Foxp3+ Treg cells. Conversely, XLN CD4 single-positive thymocytes efficiently differentiate into Foxp3+ Treg cells following a high proliferative response to IL-2 and TGF-β, associated with high CD25 expression when compared with WT cells. Altogether, these results show that specific mutations of WASp affect Treg cell development differently, demonstrating a critical role of WASp activity in supporting Treg cell development and expansion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larissa Vasconcelos-Fontes
- Department of Microbiology Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Laboratory on Thymus Research, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology on Neuroimmunomodulation (INCT-NIM), Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Rhaissa C Vieira
- Department of Microbiology Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Minghui He
- Department of Microbiology Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Rafaella Ferreira-Reis
- Laboratory on Thymus Research, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology on Neuroimmunomodulation (INCT-NIM), Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Rio de Janeiro Research Network on Neuroinflammation (RENEURIN), Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Arnon Dias Jurberg
- Laboratory on Thymus Research, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology on Neuroimmunomodulation (INCT-NIM), Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Rio de Janeiro Research Network on Neuroinflammation (RENEURIN), Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Daniella Arêas Mendes-da-Cruz
- Laboratory on Thymus Research, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology on Neuroimmunomodulation (INCT-NIM), Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Rio de Janeiro Research Network on Neuroinflammation (RENEURIN), Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - John Andersson
- Department of Microbiology Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Karolinska Institutet, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Vinicius Cotta-de-Almeida
- Laboratory on Thymus Research, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology on Neuroimmunomodulation (INCT-NIM), Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Rio de Janeiro Research Network on Neuroinflammation (RENEURIN), Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Lisa S Westerberg
- Department of Microbiology Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Wei Y, Wang D, Wu J, Zhang J. JAK2 inhibitors improve RA combined with pulmonary fibrosis in rats by downregulating SMAD3 phosphorylation. Int J Rheum Dis 2024; 27:e15164. [PMID: 38706209 DOI: 10.1111/1756-185x.15164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 01/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND JAK inhibitors are well known for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), but whether they can be used to treat pulmonary fibrosis, a common extra-articular disease of RA, remains to be clarified. METHODS A jak2 inhibitor, CEP33779 (CEP), was administered to a rat model of RA-associated interstitial lung disease to observe the degree of improvement in both joint swelling and pulmonary fibrosis. HFL1 cells were stimulated with TGF-β1 to observe the expression of p-JAK2. Then, different concentrations of related gene inhibitors (JAK2, TGFβ-R1/2, and p-STAT3) or silencers (STAT3, JAK2) were administered to HFL1 cells, and the expression levels of related proteins were detected to explore the underlying mechanisms of action. RESULTS CEP not only reduced the degree of joint swelling and inflammation in rats but also improved lung function, inhibited the pro-inflammatory factors IL-1β and IL-6, reduced lung inflammation and collagen deposition, and alleviated lung fibrosis. CEP decreased the expression levels of TGFβ-R2, p-SMAD, p-STAT3, and ECM proteins in rat lung tissues. TGF-β1 induced HFL1 cells to highly express p-JAK2, with the most pronounced expression at 48 h. The levels of p-STAT3, p-SMAD3, and ECM-related proteins were significantly reduced after inhibition of either JAK2 or STAT3. CONCLUSION JAK2 inhibitors may be an important and novel immunotherapeutic drug that can improve RA symptoms while also delaying or blocking the development of associated pulmonary fibrotic disease. The mechanism may be related to the downregulation of p-STAT3 protein via inhibition of the JAK2/STAT signaling pathway, which affects the phosphorylation of SMAD3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yimei Wei
- Department of Geriatrics, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Department Geriatrics, Chongqing General Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Dandan Wang
- Department Geriatrics, Chongqing General Hospital, Chongqing, China
- Department of Pulmonary Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Juan Wu
- Department Geriatrics, Chongqing General Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department Geriatrics, Chongqing General Hospital, Chongqing, China
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Yang YX, Guo J, Liu C, Nan JX, Wu YL, Jin CH. Synthesis of amide derivatives containing the imidazole moiety and evaluation of their anti-cardiac fibrosis activity. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2024:e2400131. [PMID: 38678538 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202400131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2024] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Three series of N-{[4-([1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-α]pyridin-6-yl)-5-(6-methylpyridin-2-yl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]methyl}acetamides (14a-d, 15a-n, and 16a-f) were synthesized and evaluated for activin receptor-like kinase 5 (ALK5) inhibitory activities in an enzymatic assay. The target compounds showed high ALK5 inhibitory activity and selectivity. The half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) for phosphorylation of ALK5 of 16f (9.1 nM), the most potent compound, was 2.7 times that of the clinical candidate EW-7197 (vactosertib) and 14 times that of the clinical candidate LY-2157299. The selectivity index of 16f against p38α mitogen-activated protein kinase was >109, which was much higher than that of positive controls (EW-7197: >41, and LY-2157299: 4). Furthermore, a molecular docking study provided the interaction modes between the target compounds and ALK5. Compounds 14c, 14d, and 16f effectively inhibited the protein expression of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), collagen I, and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1 (TIMP-1)/matrix metalloproteinase 13 (MMP-13) in transforming growth factor-β-induced human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Compounds 14c and 16f showed especially high activity at low concentrations, which suggests that these compounds could inhibit myocardial cell fibrosis. Compounds 14c, 14d, and 16f are potential preclinical candidates for the treatment of cardiac fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Xuan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, China
| | - Jia Guo
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, China
| | - Chuang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, China
| | - Ji-Xing Nan
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, China
- Interdisciplinary Program of Biological Function Molecules, College of Integration Science, Yanbian University, Yanji, China
| | - Yan-Ling Wu
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, China
- Interdisciplinary Program of Biological Function Molecules, College of Integration Science, Yanbian University, Yanji, China
| | - Cheng-Hua Jin
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, China
- Interdisciplinary Program of Biological Function Molecules, College of Integration Science, Yanbian University, Yanji, China
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Kim JH, Kim K, Kim I, Seong S, Koh JT, Kim N. Nodal negatively regulates osteoclast differentiation by inducing STAT1 phosphorylation. J Cell Physiol 2024. [PMID: 38577903 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.31268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Several members of the transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) superfamily regulate the proliferation, differentiation, and function of bone-forming osteoblasts and bone-resorbing osteoclasts. However, it is still unknown whether Nodal, a member of the TGF-β superfamily, serves a function in bone cells. In this study, we found that Nodal did not have any function in osteoblasts but instead negatively regulated osteoclast differentiation. Nodal inhibited RANKL-induced osteoclast differentiation by downregulating the expression of pro-osteoclastogenic genes, including c-fos, Nfatc1, and Blimp1, and upregulating the expression of antiosteoclastogenic genes, including Bcl6 and Irf8. Nodal activated STAT1 in osteoclast precursor cells, and STAT1 downregulation significantly reduced the inhibitory effect of Nodal on osteoclast differentiation. These findings indicate that Nodal activates STAT1 to downregulate or upregulate the expression of pro-osteoclastogenic or antiosteoclastogenic genes, respectively, leading to the inhibition of osteoclast differentiation. Moreover, the inhibitory effect of Nodal on osteoclast differentiation contributed to the reduction of RANKL-induced bone loss in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Ha Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, South Korea
- Hard-Tissue Biointerface Research Center, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Kabsun Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Inyoung Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Semun Seong
- Department of Pharmacology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, South Korea
- Hard-Tissue Biointerface Research Center, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Jeong-Tae Koh
- Hard-Tissue Biointerface Research Center, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea
- Department of Pharmacology and Dental Therapeutics, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Nacksung Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, South Korea
- Hard-Tissue Biointerface Research Center, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea
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Benito-Villalvilla C, Angelina A, Martín-Cruz L. Deciphering the factors determining the differentiation of autoreactive thymocytes into regulatory T cells. Allergy 2024; 79:1068-1070. [PMID: 38130078 DOI: 10.1111/all.15993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Benito-Villalvilla
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Chemistry, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alba Angelina
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Chemistry, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Leticia Martín-Cruz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Chemistry, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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10
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Sangthong J, Thuwajit C, Jensen LT, Komyod W, Yuvaniyama J, Ponglikitmongkol M. BRCA1 deficiency enhances the aggressiveness of breast cancer cells expressing HPV16 oncoproteins. Biol Cell 2024; 116:e202300072. [PMID: 38514439 DOI: 10.1111/boc.202300072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND INFORMATION The precise etiology of breast cancer is not completely understood, although women with BRCA1 gene mutations have a significantly increased risk of developing the disease. In addition, sporadic breast cancer is frequently associated with decreased BRCA1 gene expression. Growing evidence of Human papillomaviruses (HPVs) infections in breast tumors has raised the possibility of the involvement of HPVs in the pathogenesis of breast cancer. We investigated whether the effects of HPV oncoproteins E6 and E7 were influenced by the expression levels of BRCA1. HPV16E6E7 (prototype or E6D25E/E7N29S Asian variant type) were stably expressed in MDA-MB231 breast cancer cells, wild type for BRCA1, or with BRCA1 knocked down. RESULTS Expression of HPV16E6E7 oncogenes did not affect BRCA1 levels and the abundance of HPV16E6E7 was not altered by BRCA1 knockdown. BRCA1 levels did not alter HPV16E6E7-dependent degradation of G1-S cell cycle proteins p53 and pRb. However, we found that the expression of G2-M cell cycle protein cyclin B1 enhanced by HPV16E6E7 was impacted by BRCA1 levels. Especially, we found the correlation between BRCA1 and cyclin B1 expression and this was also confirmed in breast cancer samples from a Thai cohort. We further demonstrated that the combination of HPV oncoproteins and low levels of BRCA1 protein appears to enhance proliferation and invasion. Transactivation activities of HPV16E6E7 on genes regulating cell proliferation and invasion (TGF-β and vimentin) were significantly increased in BRCA1-deficient cells. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that a deficiency of BRCA1 promotes the transactivation activity of HPV16E6E7 leading to increase of cell proliferation and invasion. SIGNIFICANCE HPV infection appears to have the potential to enhance the aggressiveness of breast cancers, especially those deficient in BRCA1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jariya Sangthong
- Faculty of Science, Graduate Program in Molecular Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Chanitra Thuwajit
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Laran T Jensen
- Faculty of Science, Department of Biochemistry, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Waraporn Komyod
- Faculty of Science, Department of Biochemistry, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Jirundon Yuvaniyama
- Faculty of Science, Department of Biochemistry, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
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11
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Duan W, Yang L, Liu J, Dai Z, Wang Z, Zhang H, Zhang X, Liang X, Luo P, Zhang J, Liu Z, Zhang N, Mo H, Qu C, Xia Z, Cheng Q. A TGF-β signaling-related lncRNA signature for prediction of glioma prognosis, immune microenvironment, and immunotherapy response. CNS Neurosci Ther 2024; 30:e14489. [PMID: 37850692 PMCID: PMC11017415 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS The dysregulation of TGF-β signaling is a crucial pathophysiological process in tumorigenesis and progression. LncRNAs have diverse biological functions and are significant participants in the regulation of tumor signaling pathways. However, the clinical value of lncRNAs related to TGF-β signaling in glioma is currently unclear. METHODS Data on glioma's RNA-seq transcriptome, somatic mutation, DNA methylation data, and clinicopathological information were derived from the CGGA and TCGA databases. A prognostic lncRNA signature was constructed by Cox and LASSO regression analyses. TIMER2.0 database was utilized to deduce immune infiltration characteristics. "ELMER v.2" was used to reconstruct TF-methylation-gene regulatory network. Immunotherapy and chemotherapy response predictions were implemented by the TIDE algorithm and GDSC database, respectively. In vitro and in vivo experiments were conducted to verify the results and clarify the regulatory mechanism of lncRNA. RESULTS In glioma, a TGF-β signaling-related 15-lncRNA signature was constructed, including AC010173.1, HOXA-AS2, AC074286.1, AL592424.1, DRAIC, HOXC13-AS, AC007938.1, AC010729.1, AC013472.3, AC093895.1, AC131097.4, AL606970.4, HOXC-AS1, AGAP2-AS1, and AC002456.1. This signature proved to be a reliable prognostic tool, with high risk indicating an unfavorable prognosis and being linked to malignant clinicopathological and genomic mutation traits. Risk levels were associated with different immune infiltration landscapes, where high risk was indicative of high levels of macrophage infiltration. In addition, high risk also suggested better immunotherapy and chemotherapy response. cg05987823 was an important methylation site in glioma progression, and AP-1 transcription factor family participated in the regulation of signature lncRNA expression. AGAP2-AS1 knockdown in in vitro and in vivo experiments inhibited the proliferation, migration, and invasion of glioma cells, as well as the growth of glioma, by downregulating the expression levels of NF-κB and ERK 1/2 in the TGF-β signaling pathway. CONCLUSIONS A prognostic lncRNA signature of TGF-β signaling was established in glioma, which can be used for prognostic judgment, immune infiltration status inference, and immunotherapy response prediction. AGAP2-AS1 plays an important role in glioma progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei‐Wei Duan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
| | - Li‐Ting Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
| | - Jian Liu
- Experiment Center of Medical InnovationThe First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese MedicineChangshaHunanChina
| | - Zi‐Yu Dai
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
| | - Ze‐Yu Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Regeneration and RepairUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUK
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
| | - Xun Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
| | - Xi‐Song Liang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
| | - Peng Luo
- Department of Oncology, Zhujiang HospitalSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Zhujiang HospitalSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Zao‐Qu Liu
- Department of Interventional RadiologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouHenanChina
| | - Nan Zhang
- One‐third Lab, College of Bioinformatics Science and TechnologyHarbin Medical UniversityHarbinHei LongjiangChina
| | - Hao‐Yang Mo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
| | - Chun‐Run Qu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
| | - Zhi‐Wei Xia
- Department of NeurologyHunan Aerospace HospitalChangshaHunanChina
| | - Quan Cheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
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12
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Saadh MJ, Allela OQB, Sattay ZJ, Al Zuhairi RAH, Ahmad H, Eldesoky GE, Adil M, Ali MS. Deciphering the functional landscape and therapeutic implications of noncoding RNAs in the TGF-β signaling pathway in colorectal cancer: A comprehensive review. Pathol Res Pract 2024; 255:155158. [PMID: 38320438 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2024.155158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) remains a major global health concern, necessitating an in-depth exploration of the intricate molecular mechanisms underlying its progression and potential therapeutic interventions. Transforming Growth Factor-β (TGF-β) signaling, a pivotal pathway implicated in CRC plays a dual role as a tumor suppressor in the early stages and a promoter of tumor progression in later stages. Recent research has shed light on the critical involvement of noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) in modulating the TGF-β signaling pathway, introducing a new layer of complexity to our understanding of CRC pathogenesis. This comprehensive review synthesizes the current state of knowledge regarding the function and therapeutic potential of various classes of ncRNAs, including microRNAs (miRNAs), long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), and circular RNAs (circRNAs), in the context of TGF-β signaling in CRC. The intricate interplay between these ncRNAs and key components of the TGF-β pathway is dissected, revealing regulatory networks that contribute to the dynamic balance between tumor suppression and promotion. Emphasis is placed on how dysregulation of specific ncRNAs can disrupt this delicate equilibrium, fostering CRC initiation, progression, and metastasis. Moreover, the review provides a critical appraisal of the emerging therapeutic strategies targeting ncRNAs associated with TGF-β signaling in CRC. The potential of these ncRNAs as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers is discussed, highlighting their clinical relevance. Additionally, the challenges and prospects of developing RNA-based therapeutics, such as RNA interference and CRISPR/Cas-based approaches, are explored in the context of modulating TGF-β signaling for CRC treatment. In conclusion, this review offers a comprehensive overview of the intricate interplay between ncRNAs and the TGF-β signaling pathway in CRC. By unraveling the functional significance of these regulatory elements, we gain valuable insights into the molecular landscape of CRC, paving the way for the development of novel and targeted therapeutic interventions aimed at modulating the TGF-β signaling cascade through the manipulation of ncRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed J Saadh
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Middle East University, Amman 11831, Jordan
| | | | - Zahraa Jasim Sattay
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology l, University of imam Jaafar Al-Sadiq, Iraq
| | | | - Hijaz Ahmad
- Section of Mathematics, International Telematic University Uninettuno, Corso Vittorio Emanuele II, 39, Rome 00186, Italy; Center for Applied Mathematics and Bioinformatics, Gulf University for Science and Technology, Kuwait; Department of Computer Science and Mathematics, Lebanese American University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Gaber E Eldesoky
- Chemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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13
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Liu H, Yang C, Gao Y, Zhang X, Wang M, Yu X, Wang W, Xie L, Tang P, Yin X, Bai C, Zhang L. Macrophage-based delivery of anti-fibrotic proteins alleviates bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in mice. Bioeng Transl Med 2023; 8:e10555. [PMID: 37693057 PMCID: PMC10486326 DOI: 10.1002/btm2.10555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a fatal interstitial lung disease characterized by chronic, progressive, and fibrotic lung injury. Although remarkable progress has been made toward understanding the pathogenesis of PF, finding more effective treatments for this fatal disease remains a challenge. In this study, we describe an innovative macrophage-based approach to deliver anti-fibrotic protein to the lung and inhibit PF in a mouse model of bleomycin (BLM)-induced lung injury. We engineered macrophages to continuously secrete three types of proteins: interleukin-10, which prevents inflammation; TGFRcFc, a soluble truncated TGF-βR2 that blocks TGF-β; and CD147, which induces matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and causes collagen degradation. Infusing these engineered macrophages into the lungs of BLM-induced PF mouse models in an optimal pattern significantly ameliorated PF in mice. Specifically, the most effective therapeutic outcome was achieved by infusing IL-10-secreting macrophages on day 1, followed by TGFRcFc-secreting macrophages on day 7 and CD147-secreting macrophages on day 14 into the same mice after BLM treatment. Our data suggest that macrophage-based delivery of anti-fibrotic proteins to the lungs is a promising therapy for fibrotic lung disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiying Liu
- College of Pulmonary and Critical Medicine, The 8th Medical CentreChinese PLA General HospitalBeijingChina
- Medical School of Chinese PLABeijingChina
| | - Cuiping Yang
- College of Pulmonary and Critical Medicine, The 8th Medical CentreChinese PLA General HospitalBeijingChina
- Medical School of Chinese PLABeijingChina
| | - Yun Gao
- College of Pharmaceutical and Biological EngineeringShenyang University of Chemical TechnologyShenyangLiaoningChina
| | - Xueli Zhang
- Department of PathologyThe 5th Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Min Wang
- Graduate School of Dalian Medical UniversityDalianLiaoningChina
| | - Xinting Yu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine307 Clinical College, Anhui Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Weidong Wang
- Medical School of Chinese PLABeijingChina
- Research Center of BioengineeringThe Medical Innovation Research Division of Chinese PLA General HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Lixin Xie
- College of Pulmonary and Critical Medicine, The 8th Medical CentreChinese PLA General HospitalBeijingChina
- Medical School of Chinese PLABeijingChina
| | - Ping Tang
- Department of RespiratoryShenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen University Clinical Medical AcademyShenzhenChina
| | - Xiushan Yin
- College of Pharmaceutical and Biological EngineeringShenyang University of Chemical TechnologyShenyangLiaoningChina
- RocRock Biotechnology (Shenzhen) Co., Ltd.ShenzhenChina
| | - Changqing Bai
- Department of RespiratoryShenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen University Clinical Medical AcademyShenzhenChina
| | - Luo Zhang
- Medical School of Chinese PLABeijingChina
- Research Center of BioengineeringThe Medical Innovation Research Division of Chinese PLA General HospitalBeijingChina
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14
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Naseri S, Rosenberg‐Hasson Y, Maecker HT, Avrutsky MI, Blumenthal PD. A cross-sectional study comparing the inflammatory profile of menstrual effluent vs. peripheral blood. Health Sci Rep 2023; 6:e1038. [PMID: 36620506 PMCID: PMC9813904 DOI: 10.1002/hsr2.1038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims Cytokine profiles of peripheral blood and other bodily fluids provide diagnostic indicators for assessing inflammatory processes. Menstrual effluent may provide a noninvasive source of biological material for monitoring cytokine levels in blood and in endometrial tissues. This pilot study investigated the potential of measuring cytokines in menstrual effluent, and compared the cytokine profiles of menstrual versus peripheral blood. Methods Seven healthy donors (aged ≥18 and ≤45 years) collected menstrual effluent on day 2 of menses. Matched peripheral blood samples were collected by venous blood draw on the same day. Levels of 62 cytokines were measured in all samples by 62-plex Luminex assay. Results Peripheral blood and menstrual effluent cytokine profiles were tenuously correlated (r 2 = 0.26, p < 0.0001), with higher levels detected in menstrual effluent for 48/62 cytokines. Thirty five cytokines were significantly elevated in menstrual effluent compared to peripheral blood samples (IL-8, CCL2, CCL4, LIF, IL-1RA, IL-6, IL-1β, HGF, CCL3, FGF-2, TNF-α, VEGF-A, IL-1α, CXCL1, IL-9, IL-10, EGF, CXCL5, CSF3, EOTAXIN, TGF-α, TRAIL, CXCL10, VEGF-D, IL-12P40, CXCL9, IL-18 RESISTIN, IL-22, IL-21, CSF1, IFN-γ, IL-17A, CXCL12, IL-12p70). Two cytokines (LEPTIN, CSF2) were expressed at significantly lower levels in menstrual effluent compared to peripheral blood. Linear regression of individual cytokines found low predictive power (linear regression p > 0.05) for 53/62 cytokines in menstrual effluent versus peripheral blood. Levels of TGF-β (r 2 = 0.87, p = 0.002) and CCL7 (r 2 = 0.63, p = 0.033) were significantly positively correlated between matched menstrual and peripheral blood samples. Conclusion In this group of study participants, the cytokine profile of menstrual effluent was quantitatively distinct from peripheral blood, and also characterized by higher levels of inflammatory signaling. This pattern of comparative menstrual blood cytokine profiles points to a need for further studies to evaluate the relationship between peripheral and menstrual blood cytokines in broader populations including both healthy and diseased states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Naseri
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyStanford UniversityStanfordCaliforniaUSA,Qurasense Inc.Menlo ParkCaliforniaUSA
| | - Yael Rosenberg‐Hasson
- Institute for Immunity, Transplantation, and Infection, Stanford University School of MedicineStanfordCaliforniaUSA
| | - Holden T. Maecker
- Institute for Immunity, Transplantation, and Infection, Stanford University School of MedicineStanfordCaliforniaUSA
| | | | - Paul D. Blumenthal
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyStanford UniversityStanfordCaliforniaUSA
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15
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Erewele EO, Castellon M, Loya O, Marshboom G, Schwartz A, Yerlioglu K, Callahan C, Chen J, Minshall RD, Oliveira SD. Hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension upregulates eNOS and TGF-β contributing to sex-linked differences in BMPR2 +/R899X mutant mice. Pulm Circ 2022; 12:e12163. [PMID: 36484056 PMCID: PMC9722973 DOI: 10.1002/pul2.12163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysfunctional bone morphogenetic protein receptor 2 (BMPR2) and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) have been largely implicated in the pathogenesis of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH); a life-threatening cardiopulmonary disease. Although the incident of PAH is about three times higher in females, males with PAH usually have a worse prognosis, which seems to be dependent on estrogen-associated cardiac and vascular protection. Here, we evaluated whether hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension (PH) in humanized BMPR2+/R899X loss-of-function mutant mice contributes to sex-associated differences observed in PAH by altering eNOS expression and inducing expansion of hyperactivated TGF-β-producing pulmonary myofibroblasts. To test this hypothesis, male and female wild-type (WT) and BMPR2+/R899X mutant mice were kept under hypoxic or normoxic conditions for 4 weeks, and then right ventricular systolic pressure (RVSP) and right ventricular hypertrophy (RVH) were measured. Chronic hypoxia exposure elevated RVSP, inducing RVH in both groups, with a greater effect in BMPR2+/R899X female mice. Lung histology revealed no differences in vessel thickness/area between sexes, suggesting RVSP differences in this model are unlikely to be in response to sex-dependent vascular narrowing. On the other hand, hypoxia exposure increased vascular collagen deposition, the number of TGF-β-associated α-SMA-positive microvessels, and eNOS expression, whereas it also reduced caveolin-1 expression in the lungs of BMPR2+/R899X females compared to males. Taken together, this brief report reveals elevated myofibroblast-derived TGF-β and eNOS-derived oxidants contribute to pulmonary microvascular muscularization and sex-linked differences in incidence, severity, and outcome of PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ejehi O. Erewele
- Department of Anesthesiology, College of MedicineUniversity of Illinois at ChicagoChicagoIllinoisUSA
| | - Maricela Castellon
- Department of Anesthesiology, College of MedicineUniversity of Illinois at ChicagoChicagoIllinoisUSA
- Cardiovascular Research Center, College of MedicineUniversity of Illinois at ChicagoChicagoIllinoisUSA
| | - Omar Loya
- Department of Anesthesiology, College of MedicineUniversity of Illinois at ChicagoChicagoIllinoisUSA
| | - Glenn Marshboom
- Department of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, College of MedicineUniversity of Illinois at ChicagoChicagoIllinoisUSA
| | - Andrew Schwartz
- Department of Anesthesiology, College of MedicineUniversity of Illinois at ChicagoChicagoIllinoisUSA
| | - Kayla Yerlioglu
- Department of Anesthesiology, College of MedicineUniversity of Illinois at ChicagoChicagoIllinoisUSA
| | - Christopher Callahan
- Department of Anesthesiology, College of MedicineUniversity of Illinois at ChicagoChicagoIllinoisUSA
| | - Jiwang Chen
- Cardiovascular Research Center, College of MedicineUniversity of Illinois at ChicagoChicagoIllinoisUSA
- Department of Medicine, College of MedicineUniversity of Illinois at ChicagoChicagoIllinoisUSA
| | - Richard D. Minshall
- Department of Anesthesiology, College of MedicineUniversity of Illinois at ChicagoChicagoIllinoisUSA
- Department of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, College of MedicineUniversity of Illinois at ChicagoChicagoIllinoisUSA
| | - Suellen D. Oliveira
- Department of Anesthesiology, College of MedicineUniversity of Illinois at ChicagoChicagoIllinoisUSA
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, College of MedicineUniversity of Illinois at ChicagoChicagoIllinoisUSA
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16
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Zhang Y, You S, Wang D, Zhao D, Zhang J, An Q, Li M, Wang C. Fermented Dendrobium officinale polysaccharides protect UVA-induced photoaging of human skin fibroblasts. Food Sci Nutr 2022; 10:1275-1288. [PMID: 35432966 PMCID: PMC9007291 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.2763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR), gel permeation chromatograph‐liquid chromatography (GPC‐LC), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to analyze the molecular characteristics of fermented Dendrobium officinale polysaccharides (FDOP) by Lactobacillus delbrueckii bulgaricus. The characteristic structural peak of FDOP was more prominent, showing a smaller molecular structure, and its porous structure showed better water solubility. The protective effect of FDOP on the damage of human skin fibroblasts (HSF) caused by ultraviolet (UV) radiation was investigated by evaluating its antioxidative and antiaging indices. The results showed that the antioxidant capacity of HSF was improved, and the breakdown of collagen, elastin, and hyaluronic acid was reduced, thus providing effective protection to the skin tissue. The antioxidative property of FDOP was explored using Nf‐E2‐related factor 2‐small interfering RNA‐3 (Nrf2‐siRNA‐3) (Nrf2‐si3) and qRT‐PCR (quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction), and the antiaging property of FDOP was explored using Western Blot and qRT‐PCR. The results show that FDOP can up‐regulate signal transduction of the Nrf2/Keap1 (Kelch‐like ECH‐associated protein 1) and transforming growth factor‐β (TGF‐β)/Smads pathways to reduce antioxidative damage and antiaging effects. Therefore, this study provides a theoretical basis for FDOP as a novel functional agent that can be used in the cosmetic industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongtao Zhang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health Beijing Technology and Business University Beijing China.,Chemistry and Materials Engineering Beijing Technology & Business University Beijing China.,Institute of Cosmetic Regulatory Science Beijing Technology and Business University Beijing China
| | - Shiquan You
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health Beijing Technology and Business University Beijing China.,Chemistry and Materials Engineering Beijing Technology & Business University Beijing China.,Institute of Cosmetic Regulatory Science Beijing Technology and Business University Beijing China
| | - Dongdong Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health Beijing Technology and Business University Beijing China.,Chemistry and Materials Engineering Beijing Technology & Business University Beijing China.,Institute of Cosmetic Regulatory Science Beijing Technology and Business University Beijing China
| | - Dan Zhao
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health Beijing Technology and Business University Beijing China.,Chemistry and Materials Engineering Beijing Technology & Business University Beijing China.,Institute of Cosmetic Regulatory Science Beijing Technology and Business University Beijing China
| | - Jiachan Zhang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health Beijing Technology and Business University Beijing China.,Chemistry and Materials Engineering Beijing Technology & Business University Beijing China.,Institute of Cosmetic Regulatory Science Beijing Technology and Business University Beijing China
| | - Quan An
- Yunnan Baiyao Group Co., Ltd. Kunming China
| | - Meng Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health Beijing Technology and Business University Beijing China.,Chemistry and Materials Engineering Beijing Technology & Business University Beijing China.,Institute of Cosmetic Regulatory Science Beijing Technology and Business University Beijing China
| | - Changtao Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health Beijing Technology and Business University Beijing China.,Chemistry and Materials Engineering Beijing Technology & Business University Beijing China.,Institute of Cosmetic Regulatory Science Beijing Technology and Business University Beijing China
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17
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Greene B, Russo RJ, Dwyer S, Malley K, Roberts E, Serrielo J, Piepenhagen P, Cummings S, Ryan S, Zarazinski C, Uppuganti S, Bukanov N, Nyman JS, Cox MK, Liu S, Ibraghimov-Beskrovnaya O, Sabbagh Y. Inhibition of TGF-β Increases Bone Volume and Strength in a Mouse Model of Osteogenesis Imperfecta. JBMR Plus 2021; 5:e10530. [PMID: 34532615 PMCID: PMC8441395 DOI: 10.1002/jbm4.10530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI), is a genetic disorder of bone fragility caused by mutations in collagen I or proteins involved in collagen processing. Previous studies in mice and human OI bones have shown that excessive activation of TGF-β signaling plays an important role in dominant and recessive OI disease progression. Inhibition of TGF-β signaling with a murine pan-specific TGF-β neutralizing antibody (1D11) was shown to significantly increase trabecular bone volume and long bone strength in mouse models of OI. To investigate the frequency of dosing and dose options of TGF-β neutralizing antibody therapy, we assessed the effect of 1D11 on disease progression in a dominant OI mouse model (col1a2 gene mutation at G610C). In comparison with OI mice treated with a control antibody, we attempted to define mechanistic effects of 1D11 measured via μCT, biomechanical, dynamic histomorphometry, and serum biomarkers of bone turnover. In addition, osteoblast and osteoclast numbers in histological bone sections were assessed to better understand the mechanism of action of the 1D11 antibody in OI. Here we show that 1D11 treatment resulted in both dose and frequency dependency, increases in trabecular bone volume fraction and ultimate force in lumbar bone, and ultimate force, bending strength, yield force, and yield strength in the femur (p ≤ 0.05). Suppression of serum biomarkers of osteoblast differentiation, osteocalcin, resorption, CTx-1, and bone formation were observed after 1D11 treatment of OI mice. Immunohistochemical analysis showed dose and frequency dependent decreases in runt-related transcription factor, and increase in alkaline phosphatase in lumbar bone sections. In addition, a significant decrease in TRACP and the number of osteoclasts to bone surface area was observed with 1D11 treatment. Our results show that inhibition of the TGF-β pathway corrects the high-turnover aspects of bone disease and improves biomechanical properties of OI mice. These results highlight the potential for a novel treatment for osteogenesis imperfecta. © 2021 Sanofi-Genzyme. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Greene
- Rare and Neurologic Diseases Research Sanofi Framingham MA USA
| | - Ryan J Russo
- Rare and Neurologic Diseases Research Sanofi Framingham MA USA
| | - Shannon Dwyer
- Rare and Neurologic Diseases Research Sanofi Framingham MA USA
| | - Katie Malley
- Global Discovery Pathology Sanofi Framingham MA USA
| | | | - Joseph Serrielo
- Rare and Neurologic Diseases Research Sanofi Framingham MA USA
| | | | | | - Susan Ryan
- Global Discovery Pathology Sanofi Framingham MA USA
| | | | - Sasidhar Uppuganti
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Vanderbilt University Medical Center Nashville TN USA.,Center for Bone Biology Vanderbilt University Medical Center Nashville TN USA
| | - Nikolai Bukanov
- Rare and Neurologic Diseases Research Sanofi Framingham MA USA
| | - Jeffry S Nyman
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Vanderbilt University Medical Center Nashville TN USA.,Center for Bone Biology Vanderbilt University Medical Center Nashville TN USA
| | - Megan K Cox
- Rare and Neurologic Diseases Research Sanofi Framingham MA USA
| | - Shiguang Liu
- Rare and Neurologic Diseases Research Sanofi Framingham MA USA
| | | | - Yves Sabbagh
- Rare and Neurologic Diseases Research Sanofi Framingham MA USA.,Inozyme Pharma Boston MA USA
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18
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Chen C, Huang FW, Huang SS, Huang JS. IGFBP-3 and TGF-β inhibit growth in epithelial cells by stimulating type V TGF-β receptor (TβR-V)-mediated tumor suppressor signaling. FASEB Bioadv 2021; 3:709-729. [PMID: 34485840 PMCID: PMC8409558 DOI: 10.1096/fba.2021-00016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The TGF-β type V receptor (TβR-V) mediates growth inhibition by IGFBP-3 and TGF-β in epithelial cells and loss of TβR-V expression in these cells leads to development of carcinoma. The mechanisms by which TβR-V mediates growth inhibition (tumor suppressor) signaling remain elusive. Previous studies revealed that IGFBP-3 and TGF-β inhibit growth in epithelial cells by stimulating TβR-V-mediated IRS-1/2-dependent activation and cytoplasm-to-nucleus translocation of IGFBP-3- or TGF-β-stimulated protein phosphatase (PPase), resulting in dephosphorylation of pRb-related proteins (p107, p130) or pRb, and growth arrest. To define the signaling, we characterized/identified the IGFBP-3- and TGF-β-stimulated PPases in cell lysates and nucleus fractions in Mv1Lu cells treated with IGFBP-3 and TGF-β, using a cell-free assay with 32P-labeled casein as a substrate. Both IGFBP-3- and TGF-β-stimulated PPase activities in cell lysates are abolished when cells are co-treated with TGF-β/IGFBP-3 antagonist or RAP (LRP-1/TβR-V antagonist). However, the IGFBP-3-stimulated PPase activity, but not TGF-β-stimulated PPase activity, is sensitive to inhibition by okadaic acid (OA). In addition, OA or PP2Ac siRNA reverses IGFBP-3 growth inhibition, but not TGF-β growth inhibition, in Mv1Lu and 32D cells. These suggest that IGFBP-3- and TGF-β-stimulated PPases are identical to PP2A and PP1, respectively. By Western blot/phosphorimager/immunofluorescence-microscopy analyses, IGFBP-3 and TGF-β stimulate TβR-V-mediated IRS-2-dependent activation and cytoplasm-to-nucleus translocation of PP2Ac and PP1c, resulting in dephosphorylation of p130/p107 and pRb, respectively, and growth arrest. Small molecule TGF-β enhancers, which potentiate TGF-β growth inhibition by enhancing TβR-I-TβR-II-mediated canonical signaling and thus activating TβR-V-mediated tumor suppressor signaling cascade (TβR-V/IRS-2/PP1/pRb), could be used to prevent and treat carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun‐Lin Chen
- Department of Biological ScienceNational Sun Yat‐sen UniversityKaohsiungTaiwan
- Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologySaint Louis University School of MedicineSt. LouisMOUSA
| | - Franklin W. Huang
- Division of Hematology and OncologyDepartment of MedicineUniversity of CaliforniaSan FranciscoCAUSA
| | | | - Jung San Huang
- Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologySaint Louis University School of MedicineSt. LouisMOUSA
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19
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Guo Y, Wang L, Gou R, Wang Y, Shi X, Zhang Y, Pang X, Tang L. Ameliorative role of SIRT1 in peritoneal fibrosis: an in vivo and in vitro study. Cell Biosci 2021; 11:79. [PMID: 33906673 PMCID: PMC8077771 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-021-00591-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Peritoneal fibrosis is one of the major complications induced by peritoneal dialysis (PD). Damaged integrity and function of peritoneum caused by peritoneal fibrosis not only limits the curative efficacy of PD and but affects the prognosis of patients. However, the detailed mechanisms underlying the process remain unclear and therapeutic strategy targeting TGF‐β is deficient. Transforming growth factor‐β (TGF‐β) signaling participates in the progression of peritoneal fibrosis through enhancing mesothelial-mesenchymal transition of mesothelial cells. Methods The study aims to demonstrate the regulatory role of Sirtuin1 (SIRT1) to the TGF‐β signaling mediated peritoneal fibrosis. SIRT1−/− mice were used to establish animal model. Masson’s staining and peritoneal equilibration assay were performed to evaluate the degree of peritoneal fibrosis. QRT-PCR assays were used to estimate the RNA levels of Sirt1 and matrix genes related to peritoneal fibrosis, and their protein levels were examined by Western blot assays. Results SIRT1 significantly decreased in vivo post PD treatment. SIRT1 knockout exacerbated peritoneal fibrosis both in vivo and vitro. Overexpression of SIRT1 efficiently inhibited peritoneal fibrosis by inhibiting the peritoneal inflammation and the activation of TGF‐β signaling. Conclusion SIRT1 ameliorated peritoneal fibrosis both in vivo and in vitro through inhibiting the expression of protein matrix induced by TGF‐β signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhong Guo
- Department of Nephropathy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1 East Jianshe Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Liuwei Wang
- Department of Nephropathy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1 East Jianshe Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Rong Gou
- Department of Nephropathy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1 East Jianshe Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Yulin Wang
- Department of Nephropathy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1 East Jianshe Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Xiujie Shi
- Department of Nephropathy, Henan Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine (The Second Hospital Affiliated to Henan University of Chinese Medicine), NO. 6, Dongfeng Road, Jinshui District, Zhengzhou, 450002, Henan, China
| | - Yage Zhang
- Department of Nephropathy, Henan Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine (The Second Hospital Affiliated to Henan University of Chinese Medicine), NO. 6, Dongfeng Road, Jinshui District, Zhengzhou, 450002, Henan, China
| | - Xinxin Pang
- Department of Nephropathy, Henan Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine (The Second Hospital Affiliated to Henan University of Chinese Medicine), NO. 6, Dongfeng Road, Jinshui District, Zhengzhou, 450002, Henan, China.
| | - Lin Tang
- Department of Nephropathy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1 East Jianshe Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China.
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20
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Carvacho I, Piesche M. RGD-binding integrins and TGF-β in SARS-CoV-2 infections - novel targets to treat COVID-19 patients? Clin Transl Immunology 2021; 10:e1240. [PMID: 33747508 PMCID: PMC7971943 DOI: 10.1002/cti2.1240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The new coronavirus SARS‐CoV‐2 is a global pandemic and a severe public health crisis. SARS‐CoV‐2 is highly contagious and shows high mortality rates, especially in elderly and patients with pre‐existing medical conditions. At the current stage, no effective drugs are available to treat these patients. In this review, we analyse the rationale of targeting RGD‐binding integrins to potentially inhibit viral cell infection and to block TGF‐β activation, which is involved in the severity of several human pathologies, including the complications of severe COVID‐19 cases. Furthermore, we demonstrate the correlation between ACE2 and TGF‐β expression and the possible consequences for severe COVID‐19 infections. Finally, we list approved drugs or drugs in clinical trials for other diseases that also target the RGD‐binding integrins or TGF‐β. These drugs have already shown a good safety profile and, therefore, can be faster brought into a trial to treat COVID‐19 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid Carvacho
- Department of Biology and Chemistry Faculty of Basic Sciences Universidad Católica del Maule Talca Chile
| | - Matthias Piesche
- Biomedical Research Laboratories, Medicine Faculty Universidad Católica del Maule Talca Chile.,Oncology Center, Medicine Faculty Universidad Católica del Maule Talca Chile
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21
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Fessel J. Caveolae, CD109, and endothelial cells as targets for treating Alzheimer's disease. Alzheimers Dement (N Y) 2020; 6:e12066. [PMID: 32995471 PMCID: PMC7506987 DOI: 10.1002/trc2.12066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Reduced functionality of transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) is a major pathogenetic component of Alzheimer's disease (AD). The reduction is caused by an ≈50% decrease in the AD brain of the TGF-β receptor, TGFBR, causing a bottleneck effect that reduces the downstream actions of TGF-β, which is highly disadvantageous for brain function. Degradation of TGFBR occurs in caveolae with participation by caveolin-1 (Cav-1) and CD109. Mechanisms for this are discussed. In the cerebral microcirculation, endothelial cells (which are rich in caveolae) carry CD109 as a surface marker that co-precipitates with Cav-1. Atorvastatin reduced Cav-1 by 75% and, because Cav-1 and CD109 co-immunoprecipitate reciprocally, atorvastatin would also reduce the level of CD109. Administration of atorvastatin as a component of combination therapy would diminish the degradation of TGFBR and thereby benefit patients with AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey Fessel
- Department of Medicine University of California School of Medicine San Francisco California USA
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22
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Sánchez-Duffhues G, Williams E, Benderitter P, Orlova V, van Wijhe M, Garcia de Vinuesa A, Kerr G, Caradec J, Lodder K, de Boer HC, Goumans MJ, Eekhoff EMW, Morales-Piga A, Bachiller-Corral J, Koolwijk P, Bullock AN, Hoflack J, Ten Dijke P. Development of Macrocycle Kinase Inhibitors for ALK2 Using Fibrodysplasia Ossificans Progressiva-Derived Endothelial Cells. JBMR Plus 2019; 3:e10230. [PMID: 31768489 PMCID: PMC6874179 DOI: 10.1002/jbm4.10230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Revised: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva (FOP) is an extremely rare congenital form of heterotopic ossification (HO), caused by heterozygous mutations in the activin A type I receptor (ACVR1), that encodes the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) type I receptor ALK2. These mutations enable ALK2 to induce downstream signaling in response to activins, thereby turning them into bone-inducing agents. To date, there is no cure for FOP. The further development of FOP patient-derived models may contribute to the discovery of novel biomarkers and therapeutic approaches. Nevertheless, this has traditionally been a challenge, as biopsy sampling often triggers HO. We have characterized peripheral blood-derived endothelial colony-forming cells (ECFCs) from three independent FOP donors as a new model for FOP. FOP ECFCs are prone to undergo endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition and exhibit increased ALK2 downstream signaling and subsequent osteogenic differentiation upon stimulation with activin A. Moreover, we have identified a new class of small molecule macrocycles with potential activity against ALK2 kinase. Finally, using FOP ECFCs, we have selected OD36 and OD52 as potent inhibitors with excellent kinase selectivity profiles that potently antagonize mutant ALK2 signaling and osteogenic differentiation. We expect that these results will contribute to the development of novel ALK2 clinical candidates for the treatment of FOP. © 2019 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gonzalo Sánchez-Duffhues
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Oncode Institute Leiden University Medical Center Leiden The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Valeria Orlova
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology Leiden University Medical Center Leiden The Netherlands
| | - Michiel van Wijhe
- Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Department of Physiology and Amsterdam Bone Center Vrije University Medical Center Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Amaya Garcia de Vinuesa
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Oncode Institute Leiden University Medical Center Leiden The Netherlands
| | - Georgina Kerr
- Structural Genomics Consortium University of Oxford Oxford UK
| | | | - Kirsten Lodder
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Oncode Institute Leiden University Medical Center Leiden The Netherlands
| | - Hetty C de Boer
- Department of Nephrology Leiden University Medical Center and the Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine Leiden The Netherlands
| | - Marie-José Goumans
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Oncode Institute Leiden University Medical Center Leiden The Netherlands
| | - Elisabeth M W Eekhoff
- Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Department of Physiology and Amsterdam Bone Center Vrije University Medical Center Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Antonio Morales-Piga
- Disease Research Institute, Carlos III Institute of Health (ISCIII) Madrid Spain
| | | | - Pieter Koolwijk
- Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Department of Physiology and Amsterdam Bone Center Vrije University Medical Center Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Alex N Bullock
- Structural Genomics Consortium University of Oxford Oxford UK
| | | | - Peter Ten Dijke
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Oncode Institute Leiden University Medical Center Leiden The Netherlands
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23
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Hartley J, Abken H. Chimeric antigen receptors designed to overcome transforming growth factor-β-mediated repression in the adoptive T-cell therapy of solid tumors. Clin Transl Immunology 2019; 8:e1064. [PMID: 31236274 PMCID: PMC6589154 DOI: 10.1002/cti2.1064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Revised: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Adoptive cell therapy with chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-engineered T cells produced lasting remissions in the treatment of advanced, so far refractory B-cell malignancies; however, the elimination of solid tumors remains so far elusive. The low efficacy of CAR T cells is thought to be due to the immune-repressive milieu within the tumor lesion, predominantly mediated by transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) that represses effector T-cell activities and drives differentiation towards regulatory T cells (Tregs). Seeking to boost antitumor immunity, TGF-β is currently targeted by different means in pre-clinical studies. While a recent clinical trial showed the utility of shielding CAR T cells from TGF-β repression, further strategies in counteracting TGF-β in the adoptive cell therapy warrant exploration. We here discuss the most recent advances in the field and draw future developments to make CAR T-cell therapy more potent in the treatment of solid cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan Hartley
- RCI Regensburg Centre for Interventional Immunology Chair Genetic Immunotherapy University Hospital Regensburg Regensburg Germany
| | - Hinrich Abken
- RCI Regensburg Centre for Interventional Immunology Chair Genetic Immunotherapy University Hospital Regensburg Regensburg Germany
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24
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Hartley J, Abken H. Chimeric antigen receptors designed to overcome transforming growth factor-β-mediated repression in the adoptive T-cell therapy of solid tumors. Clin Transl Immunology 2019. [PMID: 31236274 DOI: 10.1002/cti2.1064.pmid:31236274;pmcid:pmc6589154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Adoptive cell therapy with chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-engineered T cells produced lasting remissions in the treatment of advanced, so far refractory B-cell malignancies; however, the elimination of solid tumors remains so far elusive. The low efficacy of CAR T cells is thought to be due to the immune-repressive milieu within the tumor lesion, predominantly mediated by transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) that represses effector T-cell activities and drives differentiation towards regulatory T cells (Tregs). Seeking to boost antitumor immunity, TGF-β is currently targeted by different means in pre-clinical studies. While a recent clinical trial showed the utility of shielding CAR T cells from TGF-β repression, further strategies in counteracting TGF-β in the adoptive cell therapy warrant exploration. We here discuss the most recent advances in the field and draw future developments to make CAR T-cell therapy more potent in the treatment of solid cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan Hartley
- RCI Regensburg Centre for Interventional Immunology Chair Genetic Immunotherapy University Hospital Regensburg Regensburg Germany
| | - Hinrich Abken
- RCI Regensburg Centre for Interventional Immunology Chair Genetic Immunotherapy University Hospital Regensburg Regensburg Germany
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25
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Li Z, Liu H, Zhong Q, Wu J, Tang Z. LncRNA UCA1 is necessary for TGF-β-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition and stemness via acting as a ceRNA for Slug in glioma cells. FEBS Open Bio 2018; 8:1855-1865. [PMID: 30410864 PMCID: PMC6212641 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.12533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Revised: 08/17/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The 5‐year survival rate of patients with glioma is < 5%, and therefore there is an urgent need to find novel potential targets for facilitating its diagnosis and treatment. The long non‐coding RNA (lncRNA) UCA1 has been shown to promote the proliferation and invasion of cervical cancer cells through regulating miR‐206 expression, but the involvement of UCA1 in regulating the stemness and epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) of glioma cells is unknown. Here, we report that the expression of UCA1 is significantly increased by transforming growth factor‐β (TGF‐β) treatment in glioma cells and is greater in glioma tissues than in normal adjacent tissues. Additionally, TGF‐β induced EMT and the stemness of glioma cells, whereas knockdown of lncRNA UCA1 attenuated these two processes and their enhancement by TGF‐β. Mechanistically, knockdown of UCA1 decreased Slug expression by acting as a competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) through competitive binding with miR‐1 and miR‐203a; this effect was further evidenced by the fact that transfection with miR‐1 or miR‐203a inhibitors abrogated the effects of UCA1 knockdown on Slug expression, and UCA1 colocalized with miR‐1 and miR‐203a in glioma tissues. Notably, ectopic expression of Slug rescued the attenuation of UCA1 knockdown on EMT and the stemness of glioma cells. These results indicate that UCA1 may act as a ceRNA to promote Slug expression, which underlies TGF‐β‐induced EMT and stemness of glioma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongping Li
- Department of Neurosurgery Mianyang Central Hospital China
| | - Hongyuan Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery Mianyang Central Hospital China
| | - Qi Zhong
- Department of Neurosurgery Mianyang Central Hospital China
| | - Jian Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery Mianyang Central Hospital China
| | - Zhi Tang
- Department of Neurosurgery Yanting County People's Hospital Mianyang China
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26
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Hou AJ, Chang ZL, Lorenzini MH, Zah E, Chen YY. TGF-β-responsive CAR-T cells promote anti-tumor immune function. Bioeng Transl Med 2018; 3:75-86. [PMID: 30065964 PMCID: PMC6063867 DOI: 10.1002/btm2.10097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Revised: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
A chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) that responds to transforming growth factor beta (TGF‐β) enables the engineering of T cells that convert this immunosuppressive cytokine into a potent T‐cell stimulant. However, clinical translation of TGF‐β CAR‐T cells for cancer therapy requires the ability to productively combine TGF‐β responsiveness with tumor‐targeting specificity. Furthermore, the potential concern that contaminating, TGF‐β?producing regulatory T (Treg) cells may preferentially expand during TGF‐β CAR‐T cell manufacturing and suppress effector T (Teff) cells demands careful evaluation. Here, we demonstrate that TGF‐β CAR‐T cells significantly improve the anti‐tumor efficacy of neighboring cytotoxic T cells. Furthermore, the introduction of TGF‐β CARs into mixed T‐cell populations does not result in the preferential expansion of Treg cells, nor do TGF‐β CAR‐Treg cells cause CAR‐mediated suppression of Teff cells. These results support the utility of incorporating TGF‐β CARs in the development of adoptive T‐cell therapy for cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Hou
- Dept. of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering University of California, Los Angeles Los Angeles CA 90095
| | - ZeNan L Chang
- Dept. of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering University of California, Los Angeles Los Angeles CA 90095.,Molecular Biology Institute University of California, Los Angeles Los Angeles CA 90095
| | - Michael H Lorenzini
- Dept. of Bioengineering University of California, Los Angeles Los Angeles CA 90095
| | - Eugenia Zah
- Dept. of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering University of California, Los Angeles Los Angeles CA 90095
| | - Yvonne Y Chen
- Dept. of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering University of California, Los Angeles Los Angeles CA 90095.,Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy Center at UCLA Los Angeles CA 90095
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27
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Wu Q, Mathers C, Wang EW, Sheng S, Wenkert D, Huang JH. TGF-β Initiates β-Catenin-Mediated CTGF Secretory Pathway in Old Bovine Nucleus Pulposus Cells: A Potential Mechanism for Intervertebral Disc Degeneration. JBMR Plus 2018; 3:e10069. [PMID: 30828686 PMCID: PMC6383704 DOI: 10.1002/jbm4.10069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Revised: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
We have recently demonstrated that overexpression of Smurf2 under the control of type II collagen alpha 1 (Col2a1) promoter induces an intervertebral disc degeneration phenotype in Col2a1‐Smurf2 transgenic mice. The chondrocyte‐like cells that express type II collagen and Smurf2 in the transgenic mouse discs are prone to degenerate. However, how the chondrocyte‐like cells contribute to disc degeneration is not known. Here, we utilized primary old bovine nucleus pulposus (NP) cells as substitutes for the chondrocyte‐like cells in Col2a1‐Smurf2 transgenic mouse discs to identify mechanism. We found that 35% of the cells were senescent; TGF‐β treatment of the cells induced a rapid moderate accumulation of β‐catenin, which interacted with connective tissue growth factor (CTGF/CCN2) in the cytoplasm and recruited it to the membrane for secretion. The TGF‐β‐initiated β‐catenin‐mediated CTGF secretory cascade did not occur in primary young bovine NP cells; however, when Smurf2 was overexpressed in young bovine NP cells, the cells became senescent and allowed this cascade to occur. These results suggest that Smurf2‐induced disc degeneration in Col2a1‐Smurf2 transgenic mice occurs through activation of CTGF secretory pathway in senescent disc cells. © 2018 The Authors JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuqian Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery Institute for Translational Medicine Baylor Scott & White Health Temple TX USA
| | - Chun Mathers
- Department of Neurosurgery Institute for Translational Medicine Baylor Scott & White Health Temple TX USA
| | - Ernest W Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery Institute for Translational Medicine Baylor Scott & White Health Temple TX USA
| | - Sen Sheng
- Department of Neurosurgery Institute for Translational Medicine Baylor Scott & White Health Temple TX USA
| | - David Wenkert
- Division of Endocrinology Baylor Scott & White Health Temple TX USA
| | - Jason H Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery Baylor Scott & White Health Temple TX USA
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28
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Misa K, Tanino Y, Wang X, Nikaido T, Kikuchi M, Sato Y, Togawa R, Tanino M, Tanaka S, Kadomatsu K, Munakata M. Involvement of midkine in the development of pulmonary fibrosis. Physiol Rep 2018; 5:5/16/e13383. [PMID: 28811360 PMCID: PMC5582267 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.13383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2017] [Revised: 07/12/2017] [Accepted: 07/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Midkine is a low‐molecular‐weight heparin‐binding protein that is strongly expressed mainly in the midgestation period and has various physiological activities such as in development and cell migration. Midkine has been reported to be strongly expressed in cancer cells and in inflammation and repair processes, and to be involved in the pathogenesis of various diseases. However, its role in the lung is poorly understood. In this study, we analyzed the clinical characteristics of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis patients in relation to midkine expression and used a mouse bleomycin‐induced pulmonary fibrosis model to investigate the role of midkine in pulmonary fibrosis. In the idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis patients, the serum midkine level was significantly higher than in healthy subjects, and midkine levels in the serum and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid correlated positively with the percentage of inflammatory cells in the BAL fluid. In wild‐type mice, intratracheal bleomycin administration increased midkine expression in lung tissue. Additionally, compared with wild‐type mice, midkine‐deficient mice showed low expression of both collagen and α‐smooth muscle actin, as well as a low value for the pathological lung fibrosis score after bleomycin administration. Furthermore, the total cell count and lymphocyte percentage in the BAL fluid, as well as TNF‐α and transforming growth factor‐β expression in lung tissue, were significantly lower in the midkine‐deficient mice compared with wild‐type mice. These results suggest that midkine is involved in the development of pulmonary fibrosis by regulating inflammatory cell migration into the lung, and TNF‐α and transforming growth factor‐β expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenichi Misa
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Tanino
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Xintao Wang
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Takefumi Nikaido
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Masami Kikuchi
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Yuki Sato
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Ryuichi Togawa
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Mishie Tanino
- Department of Cancer Pathology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Shinya Tanaka
- Department of Cancer Pathology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Kenji Kadomatsu
- Department of Biochemistry, Nagoya University School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Mitsuru Munakata
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
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29
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Le VQ, Iacob RE, Tian Y, McConaughy W, Jackson J, Su Y, Zhao B, Engen JR, Pirruccello-Straub M, Springer TA. Tolloid cleavage activates latent GDF8 by priming the pro-complex for dissociation. EMBO J 2018; 37:384-397. [PMID: 29343545 DOI: 10.15252/embj.201797931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Revised: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 12/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Growth differentiation factor 8 (GDF8)/myostatin is a latent TGF-β family member that potently inhibits skeletal muscle growth. Here, we compared the conformation and dynamics of precursor, latent, and Tolloid-cleaved GDF8 pro-complexes to understand structural mechanisms underlying latency and activation of GDF8. Negative stain electron microscopy (EM) of precursor and latent pro-complexes reveals a V-shaped conformation that is unaltered by furin cleavage and sharply contrasts with the ring-like, cross-armed conformation of latent TGF-β1. Surprisingly, Tolloid-cleaved GDF8 does not immediately dissociate, but in EM exhibits structural heterogeneity consistent with partial dissociation. Hydrogen-deuterium exchange was not affected by furin cleavage. In contrast, Tolloid cleavage, in the absence of prodomain-growth factor dissociation, increased exchange in regions that correspond in pro-TGF-β1 to the α1-helix, latency lasso, and β1-strand in the prodomain and to the β6'- and β7'-strands in the growth factor. Thus, these regions are important in maintaining GDF8 latency. Our results show that Tolloid cleavage activates latent GDF8 by destabilizing specific prodomain-growth factor interfaces and primes the growth factor for release from the prodomain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viet Q Le
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Roxana E Iacob
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yuan Tian
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | | | - Yang Su
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Bo Zhao
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - John R Engen
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Timothy A Springer
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA .,Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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30
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Zhou F, Xie F, Jin K, Zhang Z, Clerici M, Gao R, van Dinther M, Sixma TK, Huang H, Zhang L, Ten Dijke P. USP4 inhibits SMAD4 monoubiquitination and promotes activin and BMP signaling. EMBO J 2017; 36:1623-1639. [PMID: 28468752 DOI: 10.15252/embj.201695372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2016] [Revised: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
SMAD4 is a common intracellular effector for TGF-β family cytokines, but the mechanism by which its activity is dynamically regulated is unclear. We demonstrated that ubiquitin-specific protease (USP) 4 strongly induces activin/BMP signaling by removing the inhibitory monoubiquitination from SMAD4. This modification was triggered by the recruitment of the E3 ligase, SMURF2, to SMAD4 following ligand-induced regulatory (R)-SMAD-SMAD4 complex formation. Whereas the interaction of the negative regulator c-SKI inhibits SMAD4 monoubiquitination, the ligand stimulates the recruitment of SMURF2 to the c-SKI-SMAD2 complex and triggers c-SKI ubiquitination and degradation. Thus, SMURF2 has a role in termination and initiation of TGF-β family signaling. An increase in monoubiquitinated SMAD4 in USP4-depleted mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs) decreased both the BMP- and activin-induced changes in the embryonic stem cell fate. USP4 sustained SMAD4 activity during activin- and BMP-mediated morphogenic events in early zebrafish embryos. Moreover, zebrafish depleted of USP4 exhibited defective cell migration and slower coordinated cell movement known as epiboly, both of which could be rescued by SMAD4. Therefore, USP4 is a critical determinant of SMAD4 activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangfang Zhou
- Life Sciences Institute and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Cancer Genomics Centre Netherlands, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Institutes of Biology and Medical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Feng Xie
- Life Sciences Institute and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ke Jin
- Life Sciences Institute and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhengkui Zhang
- Life Sciences Institute and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Marcello Clerici
- Department of Biochemistry, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rui Gao
- Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Chonqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Maarten van Dinther
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Cancer Genomics Centre Netherlands, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Titia K Sixma
- Department of Biochemistry, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Huizhe Huang
- Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Chonqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Long Zhang
- Life Sciences Institute and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China .,Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Cancer Genomics Centre Netherlands, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Peter Ten Dijke
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Cancer Genomics Centre Netherlands, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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31
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Kit Leng Lui S, Iyengar PV, Jaynes P, Isa ZFBA, Pang B, Tan TZ, Eichhorn PJA. USP26 regulates TGF-β signaling by deubiquitinating and stabilizing SMAD7. EMBO Rep 2017; 18:797-808. [PMID: 28381482 PMCID: PMC5412796 DOI: 10.15252/embr.201643270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2016] [Revised: 03/08/2017] [Accepted: 03/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The amplitude of transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signal is tightly regulated to ensure appropriate physiological responses. As part of negative feedback loop SMAD7, a direct transcriptional target of downstream TGF-β signaling acts as a scaffold to recruit the E3 ligase SMURF2 to target the TGF-β receptor complex for ubiquitin-mediated degradation. Here, we identify the deubiquitinating enzyme USP26 as a novel integral component of this negative feedback loop. We demonstrate that TGF-β rapidly enhances the expression of USP26 and reinforces SMAD7 stability by limiting the ubiquitin-mediated turnover of SMAD7. Conversely, knockdown of USP26 rapidly degrades SMAD7 resulting in TGF-β receptor stabilization and enhanced levels of p-SMAD2. Clinically, loss of USP26 correlates with high TGF-β activity and confers poor prognosis in glioblastoma. Our data identify USP26 as a novel negative regulator of the TGF-β pathway and suggest that loss of USP26 expression may be an important factor in glioblastoma pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Kit Leng Lui
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Patrick Jaynes
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Brendan Pang
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Tuan Zea Tan
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Pieter Johan Adam Eichhorn
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore .,Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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32
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Nyström A, Thriene K, Mittapalli V, Kern JS, Kiritsi D, Dengjel J, Bruckner-Tuderman L. Losartan ameliorates dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa and uncovers new disease mechanisms. EMBO Mol Med 2016. [PMID: 26194911 PMCID: PMC4568953 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.201505061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic loss of collagen VII causes recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa (RDEB)—a severe skin fragility disorder associated with lifelong blistering and disabling progressive soft tissue fibrosis. Causative therapies for this complex disorder face major hurdles, and clinical implementation remains elusive. Here, we report an alternative evidence-based approach to ameliorate fibrosis and relieve symptoms in RDEB. Based on the findings that TGF-β activity is elevated in injured RDEB skin, we targeted TGF-β activity with losartan in a preclinical setting. Long-term treatment of RDEB mice efficiently reduced TGF-β signaling in chronically injured forepaws and halted fibrosis and subsequent fusion of the digits. In addition, proteomics analysis of losartan- vs. vehicle-treated RDEB skin uncovered changes in multiple proteins related to tissue inflammation. In line with this, losartan reduced inflammation and diminished TNF-α and IL-6 expression in injured forepaws. Collectively, the data argue that RDEB fibrosis is a consequence of a cascade encompassing tissue damage, TGF-β-mediated inflammation, and matrix remodeling. Inhibition of TGF-β activity limits these unwanted outcomes and thereby substantially ameliorates long-term symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Nyström
- Department of Dermatology, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Kerstin Thriene
- Department of Dermatology, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany ZBSA Center for Biological Systems Analysis, Freiburg, Germany FRIAS Freiburg Institute for Advanced Studies, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Venugopal Mittapalli
- Department of Dermatology, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Johannes S Kern
- Department of Dermatology, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Dimitra Kiritsi
- Department of Dermatology, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jörn Dengjel
- Department of Dermatology, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany ZBSA Center for Biological Systems Analysis, Freiburg, Germany FRIAS Freiburg Institute for Advanced Studies, Freiburg, Germany BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Leena Bruckner-Tuderman
- Department of Dermatology, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany FRIAS Freiburg Institute for Advanced Studies, Freiburg, Germany
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33
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Ohira K, Nakahara A, Konnai S, Okagawa T, Nishimori A, Maekawa N, Ikebuchi R, Kohara J, Murata S, Ohashi K. Bovine leukemia virus reduces anti-viral cytokine activities and NK cytotoxicity by inducing TGF-β secretion from regulatory T cells. Immun Inflamm Dis 2016; 4:52-63. [PMID: 27042304 PMCID: PMC4768061 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.93] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2015] [Revised: 11/04/2015] [Accepted: 11/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
CD4+CD25highFoxp3+ T cells suppress excess immune responses that lead to autoimmune and/or inflammatory diseases, and maintain host immune homeostasis. However, CD4+CD25highFoxp3+ T cells reportedly contribute to disease progression by over suppressing immune responses in some chronic infections. In this study, kinetic and functional analyses of CD4+CD25highFoxp3+ T cells were performed in cattle with bovine leukemia virus (BLV) infections, which have reported immunosuppressive characteristics. In initial experiments, production of the Th1 cytokines IFN‐γ and TNF‐α was reduced in BLV‐infected cattle compared with uninfected cattle, and numbers of IFN‐γ or TNF‐α producing CD4+ T cells decreased with disease progression. In contrast, IFN‐γ production by NK cells was inversely correlated with BLV proviral loads in infected cattle. Additionally, during persistent lymphocytosis disease stages, NK cytotoxicity was depressed as indicated by low expression of the cytolytic protein perforin. Concomitantly, total CD4+CD25highFoxp3+ T cell numbers and percentages of TGF‐β+ cells were increased, suggesting that TGF‐β plays a role in the functional declines of CD4+ T cells and NK cells. In further experiments, recombinant bovine TGF‐β suppressed IFN‐γ and TNF‐α production by CD4+ T cells and NK cytotoxicity in cultured cells. These data suggest that TGF‐β from CD4+CD25highFoxp3+ T cells is immunosuppressive and contributes to disease progression and the development of opportunistic infections during BLV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kosuke Ohira
- Department of Disease Control Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine Hokkaido University Sapporo 060-0818 Japan
| | - Ayako Nakahara
- Department of Disease Control Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine Hokkaido University Sapporo 060-0818 Japan
| | - Satoru Konnai
- Department of Disease Control Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine Hokkaido University Sapporo 060-0818 Japan
| | - Tomohiro Okagawa
- Department of Disease Control Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine Hokkaido University Sapporo 060-0818 Japan
| | - Asami Nishimori
- Department of Disease Control Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine Hokkaido University Sapporo 060-0818 Japan
| | - Naoya Maekawa
- Department of Disease Control Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine Hokkaido University Sapporo 060-0818 Japan
| | - Ryoyo Ikebuchi
- Department of Disease Control Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine Hokkaido University Sapporo 060-0818 Japan
| | - Junko Kohara
- Hokkaido Research Organization Agriculture Research Department, Animal Research Center Shintoku 081-0038 Japan
| | - Shiro Murata
- Department of Disease Control Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine Hokkaido University Sapporo 060-0818 Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Ohashi
- Department of Disease Control Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine Hokkaido University Sapporo 060-0818 Japan
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Martorell Ò, Barriga FM, Merlos-Suárez A, Stephan-Otto Attolini C, Casanova J, Batlle E, Sancho E, Casali A. Iro/IRX transcription factors negatively regulate Dpp/TGF-β pathway activity during intestinal tumorigenesis. EMBO Rep 2014; 15:1210-8. [PMID: 25296644 DOI: 10.15252/embr.201438622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Activating mutations in Wnt and EGFR/Ras signaling pathways are common in colorectal cancer (CRC). Remarkably, clonal co-activation of these pathways in the adult Drosophila midgut induces "tumor-like" overgrowths. Here, we show that, in these clones and in CRC cell lines, Dpp/TGF-β acts as a tumor suppressor. Moreover, we discover that the Iroquois/IRX-family-protein Mirror downregulates the transcription of core components of the Dpp pathway, reducing its tumor suppressor activity. We also show that this genetic interaction is conserved in human CRC cells, where the Iro/IRX proteins IRX3 and IRX5 diminish the response to TGF-β. IRX3 and IRX5 are upregulated in human adenomas, and their levels correlate inversely with the gene expression signature of response to TGF-β. In addition, Irx5 expression confers a growth advantage in the presence of TGF-β, but is selected against in its absence. Together, our results identify a set of Iro/IRX proteins as conserved negative regulators of Dpp/TGF-β activity. We propose that during the characteristic adenoma-to-carcinoma transition of human CRC, the activity of IRX proteins could reduce the sensitivity to the cytostatic effect of TGF-β, conferring a growth advantage to tumor cells prior to the acquisition of mutations in TGF-β pathway components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Òscar Martorell
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona, Spain Institut de Biologia Molecular de Barcelona (IBMB-CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Jordi Casanova
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona, Spain Institut de Biologia Molecular de Barcelona (IBMB-CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eduard Batlle
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona, Spain Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elena Sancho
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Andreu Casali
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona, Spain
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35
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Bhinge A, Poschmann J, Namboori SC, Tian X, Jia Hui Loh S, Traczyk A, Prabhakar S, Stanton LW. MiR-135b is a direct PAX6 target and specifies human neuroectoderm by inhibiting TGF-β/BMP signaling. EMBO J 2014; 33:1271-83. [PMID: 24802670 DOI: 10.1002/embj.201387215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Several transcription factors (TFs) have been implicated in neuroectoderm (NE) development, and recently, the TF PAX6 was shown to be critical for human NE specification. However, microRNA networks regulating human NE development have been poorly documented. We hypothesized that microRNAs activated by PAX6 should promote NE development. Using a genomics approach, we identified PAX6 binding sites and active enhancers genome-wide in an in vitro model of human NE development that was based on neural differentiation of human embryonic stem cells (hESC). PAX6 binding to active enhancers was found in the proximity of several microRNAs, including hsa-miR-135b. MiR-135b was activated during NE development, and ectopic expression of miR-135b in hESC promoted differentiation toward NE. MiR-135b promotes neural conversion by targeting components of the TGF-β and BMP signaling pathways, thereby inhibiting differentiation into alternate developmental lineages. Our results demonstrate a novel TF-miRNA module that is activated during human neuroectoderm development and promotes the irreversible fate specification of human pluripotent cells toward the neural lineage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akshay Bhinge
- Stem Cell and Developmental Biology, Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore City, Singapore
| | - Jeremie Poschmann
- Computational and Systems Biology, Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore City, Singapore
| | - Seema C Namboori
- Stem Cell and Developmental Biology, Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore City, Singapore
| | - Xianfeng Tian
- Stem Cell and Developmental Biology, Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore City, Singapore
| | - Sharon Jia Hui Loh
- Stem Cell and Developmental Biology, Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore City, Singapore
| | - Anna Traczyk
- Stem Cell and Developmental Biology, Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore City, Singapore
| | - Shyam Prabhakar
- Computational and Systems Biology, Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore City, Singapore
| | - Lawrence W Stanton
- Stem Cell and Developmental Biology, Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore City, Singapore Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore City, Singapore School of Biological Sciences Nanyang Technological University, Singapore City, Singapore
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36
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Bentley-Hewitt KL, De Guzman CE, Ansell J, Mandimika T, Narbad A, Lund EK. Polyunsaturated fatty acids modify expression of TGF-β in a co-culture model ultilising human colorectal cells and human peripheral blood mononuclear cells exposed to Lactobacillus gasseri, Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus.. EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2014; 116:505-513. [PMID: 25598698 PMCID: PMC4281927 DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.201300337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2013] [Revised: 01/20/2014] [Accepted: 02/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Commensal bacteria and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) have both been shown independently to modulate immune responses. This study tested the hypothesis that the different colonic immunomodulatory responses to commensal (Lactobacillus gasseri) and pathogenic bacteria (Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus) may be modified by PUFAs. Experiments used a Transwell system combining the colorectal cell line HT29, or its mucous secreting sub-clone HT29-MTX, with peripheral blood mononuclear cells to analyse immunomodulatory signalling in response to bacteria, with and without prior treatment with arachidonic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid or docosahexaenoic acid. L. gasseri increased transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) mRNA and protein secretion in colonic cell lines when compared with controls, an effect that was enhanced by pre-treatment with eicosapentaenoic acid. In contrast, the Gram-negative pathogen E. coli LF82 had no significant effect on TGF-β1 protein. L. gasseri also increased IL-8 mRNA but not protein while E. coli increased both; although differences between PUFA treatments were detected, none were significantly different to controls. Colonic epithelial cells show different immunomodulatory signalling patterns in response to the commensal L. gasseri compared to E. coli and S. aureus and pre-treatment of these cells with PUFAs can modify responses. Practical applications: We have demonstrated an interaction between dietary PUFAs and epithelial cell response to both commensal and pathogenic bacteria found in the gastrointestinal tract by utilising in vitro co-culture models. The data suggest that n-3 PUFAs may provide some protection against the potentially damaging effects of pathogens. Furthermore, the beneficial effects of combining n-3 PUFAs and the commensal bacteria, and potential probiotic, L. gasseri are illustrated by the increased expression of immunoregulatory TGF-β1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerry L Bentley-Hewitt
- Institute of Food Research Norwich Norfolk UK ; Food and Nutrition The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited Palmerston North New Zealand
| | - Cloe Erika De Guzman
- Food and Nutrition The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited Palmerston North New Zealand
| | - Juliet Ansell
- Food and Nutrition The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited Palmerston North New Zealand
| | - Tafadzwa Mandimika
- Food and Nutrition The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited Palmerston North New Zealand
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Schliesser U, Chopra M, Beilhack A, Appelt C, Vogel S, Schumann J, Panov I, Vogt K, Schlickeiser S, Olek S, Wood K, Brandt C, Volk HD, Sawitzki B. Generation of highly effective and stable murine alloreactive Treg cells by combined anti-CD4 mAb, TGF-β, and RA treatment. Eur J Immunol 2013; 43:3291-305. [PMID: 23946112 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201243292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2012] [Revised: 07/02/2013] [Accepted: 08/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The transfer of alloreactive regulatory T (aTreg) cells into transplant recipients represents an attractive treatment option to improve long-term graft acceptance. We recently described a protocol for the generation of aTreg cells in mice using a nondepleting anti-CD4 antibody (aCD4). Here, we investigated whether adding TGF-β and retinoic acid (RA) or rapamycin (Rapa) can further improve aTreg-cell generation and function. Murine CD4(+) T cells were cultured with allogeneic B cells in the presence of aCD4 alone, aCD4+TGF-β+RA or aCD4+Rapa. Addition of TGF-β+RA or Rapa resulted in an increase of CD25(+)Foxp3(+)-expressing T cells. Expression of CD40L and production of IFN-γ and IL-17 was abolished in aCD4+TGF-β+RA aTreg cells. Additionally, aCD4+TGF-β+RA aTreg cells showed the highest level of Helios and Neuropilin-1 co-expression. Although CD25(+)Foxp3(+) cells from all culture conditions displayed complete demethylation of the Treg-specific demethylated region, aCD4+TGF-β+RA Treg cells showed the most stable Foxp3 expression upon restimulation. Consequently, aCD4+TGF-β+RA aTreg cells suppressed effector T-cell differentiation more effectively in comparison to aTreg cells harvested from all other cultures, and furthermore inhibited acute graft versus host disease and especially skin transplant rejection. Thus, addition of TGF-β+RA seems to be superior over Rapa in stabilising the phenotype and functional capacity of aTreg cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrike Schliesser
- Institute of Medical Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
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38
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Yu K, Zhu P, Dong Q, Zhong Y, Zhu Z, Lin Y, Huang Y, Meng K, Ji Q, Yi G, Zhang W, Wu B, Mao Y, Cheng P, Zhao X, Mao X, Zeng Q. Thymic stromal lymphopoietin attenuates the development of atherosclerosis in ApoE-/- mice. J Am Heart Assoc 2013; 2:e000391. [PMID: 23985377 PMCID: PMC3835250 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.113.000391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background Thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) is a cytokine with multiple effects on the body. For one thing, TSLP induces Th2 immunoreaction and facilitates allergic reaction; for another, it promotes the differentiation of naturally occurring CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (nTregs) and maintains immune tolerance. However, the exact role of TSLP in atherosclerosis remains unknown. Methods and Results In vitro, we examined the phenotype of TSLP‐conditioned bone marrow dendritic cells (TSLP‐DCs) of apolipoprotein E–deficient (ApoE−/−) mice and their capacity to induce the differentiation of Tregs. Our results indicated that TSLP‐DCs obtained the characteristics of tolerogenic dendritic cells and increased a generation of CD4+ latency‐associated peptide (LAP)+ Tregs and nTregs when cocultured with naive T cells. In addition, the functional relevance of TSLP and TSLP‐DCs in the development of atherosclerosis was also determined. Interestingly, we found that TSLP was almost absent in cardiovascular tissue of ApoE−/− mice, and TSLP administration increased the levels of antioxidized low‐density lipoprotein IgM and IgG1, but decreased the levels of IgG2a in plasma. Furthermore, mice treated with TSLP and TSLP‐DCs developed significantly fewer (32.6% and 28.2%, respectively) atherosclerotic plaques in the aortic root compared with controls, along with increased numbers of CD4+LAP+ Tregs and nTregs in the spleen and decreased inflammation in the aorta, which could be abrogated by anti‐TGF‐β antibody. Conclusions Our results revealed a protective role for TSLP in atherosclerosis that is possibly mediated by reestablishing a tolerogenic immune response, which may represent a novel possibility for treatment or prevention of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunwu Yu
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Immunology, Institute of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Abstract
Background Ninety percent of the patients carrying distinct SMAD3 mutations develop aortic aneurysms and dissections, called aneurysms‐osteoarthritis syndrome (AOS). However, the etiology and molecular events downstream of SMAD3 leading to the pathogenesis of aortic aneurysms in these patients still remain elusive. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the vascular phenotypes of SMAD3‐knockout mice. Methods and Results We have shown that angiotensin II–induced vascular inflammation, but not hypertension, leads to aortic aneurysms and dissections, ultimately causing aortic rupture and death in mice. Lipopolysaccharide‐triggered inflammation confirmed that enhanced aortic macrophage recruitment was essential for aneurysm formation in angiotensin II–infused SMAD3‐knockout mice. In contrast, phenylephrine‐triggered hypertension alone was insufficient to induce aortic aneurysms in mice. Using uniaxial tensile and contractility tests, we showed that SMAD3 deficiency resulted in defective aortic biomechanics and physiological functions, which caused weakening of the aortic wall and predisposed the mice to aortic aneurysms. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) and re‐ChIP assays revealed that the underlying mechanism involved aberrant upregulation of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS)–derived nitric oxide production and activation of elastolytic matrix metalloproteinases 2 and 9. Administration of clodronate‐liposomes and iNOS inhibitor completely abrogated these aortic conditions, thereby identifying iNOS‐mediated nitric oxide secretion from macrophages as the downstream event of SMAD3 that drives this severe pathology. Conclusions Macrophage depletion and iNOS antagonism represent 2 promising approaches for preventing aortic aneurysms related to SMAD3 mutations and merit further investigation as adjunctive strategies for the life‐threatening manifestations of AOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chek K Tan
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Nanyang, Singapore
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