1
|
Zheng KY, Zhang XY, Lisan F, Lai WQ, Zhang Q, Lv JL, Lu ZP, Qin S, Sun X, Zhang SZ, Wang XY, Dai LS, Li MW. Uridine diphosphate glucosyltransferase is vital for fenpropathrin resistance in Bombyx mori (Lepidoptera). Insect Mol Biol 2024. [PMID: 38613398 DOI: 10.1111/imb.12912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
The silkworm (Bombyx mori) is an important model lepidopteran insect and can be used to identify pesticide resistance-related genes of great significance for biological control of pests. Uridine diphosphate glucosyltransferases (UGTs), found in all organisms, are the main secondary enzymes involved in the metabolism of heterologous substances. However, it remains uncertain if silkworm resistance to fenpropathrin involves UGT. This study observes significant variations in BmUGT expression among B. mori strains with variable fenpropathrin resistance post-feeding, indicating BmUGT's role in fenpropathrin detoxification. Knockdown of BmUGT with RNA interference and overexpression of BmUGT significantly decreased and increased BmN cell activity, respectively, indicating that BmUGT plays an important role in the resistance of silkworms to fenpropathrin. In addition, fenpropathrin residues were significantly reduced after incubation for 12 h with different concentrations of a recombinant BmUGT fusion protein. Finally, we verified the conservation of UGT to detoxify fenpropathrin in Spodoptera exigua: Its resistance to fenpropathrin decreased significantly after knocking down SeUGT. In a word, UGT plays an important role in silkworm resistance to fenpropathrin by directly degrading the compound, a function seen across other insects. The results of this study are of great significance for breeding silkworm varieties with high resistance and for biological control of pests.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Yi Zheng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural and Animal Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Xiao-Ying Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural and Animal Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Fasihul Lisan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural and Animal Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Wen-Qin Lai
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural and Animal Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural and Animal Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Jun-Li Lv
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural and Animal Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Zhan-Peng Lu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural and Animal Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Sheng Qin
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural and Animal Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Silkworm and Mulberry Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Sericultural Scientific Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Xia Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural and Animal Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Silkworm and Mulberry Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Sericultural Scientific Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Shang-Zhi Zhang
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Hunan University of Humanities, Science and Technology, Loudi, China
| | - Xue-Yang Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural and Animal Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Silkworm and Mulberry Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Sericultural Scientific Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Li-Shang Dai
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Mu-Wang Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural and Animal Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Silkworm and Mulberry Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Sericultural Scientific Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhenjiang, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Yang F, Zhang L, Zhang X, Guan J, Wang B, Wu X, Song M, Wei A, Liu Z, Huo D. Genome-wide investigation of UDP-Glycosyltransferase family in Tartary buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum). BMC Plant Biol 2024; 24:249. [PMID: 38580941 PMCID: PMC10998406 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-04926-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tartary buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum) belongs to Polygonaceae family and has attracted increasing attention owing to its high nutritional value. UDP-glycosyltransferases (UGTs) glycosylate a variety of plant secondary metabolites to control many metabolic processes during plant growth and development. However, there have been no systematic reports of UGT superfamily in F. tataricum. RESULTS We identified 173 FtUGTs in F. tataricum based on their conserved UDPGT domain. Phylogenetic analysis of FtUGTs with 73 Arabidopsis UGTs clustered them into 21 families. FtUGTs from the same family usually had similar gene structure and motif compositions. Most of FtUGTs did not contain introns or had only one intron. Tandem repeats contributed more to FtUGTs amplification than segmental duplications. Expression analysis indicates that FtUGTs are widely expressed in various tissues and likely play important roles in plant growth and development. The gene expression analysis response to different abiotic stresses showed that some FtUGTs were involved in response to drought and cadmium stress. Our study provides useful information on the UGTs in F. tataricum, and will facilitate their further study to better understand their function. CONCLUSIONS Our results provide a theoretical basis for further exploration of the functional characteristics of FtUGTs and for understanding the growth, development, and metabolic model in F. tataricum.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fan Yang
- College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Taiyuan Normal University, Taiyuan, 030619, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Taiyuan Normal University, Taiyuan, 030619, China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Taiyuan Normal University, Taiyuan, 030619, China
| | - Jingru Guan
- College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Taiyuan Normal University, Taiyuan, 030619, China
| | - Bo Wang
- MARA Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Xiaoying Wu
- College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Taiyuan Normal University, Taiyuan, 030619, China
| | - Minli Song
- College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Taiyuan Normal University, Taiyuan, 030619, China
| | - Aili Wei
- College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Taiyuan Normal University, Taiyuan, 030619, China
| | - Zhang Liu
- Center for Agricultural Genetic Resources Research, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan, 030031, China
| | - Dongao Huo
- College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Taiyuan Normal University, Taiyuan, 030619, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Ji Q, Liu Y, Chen C, Zhang H, Wang J, Mei K. Expression, purification, characterization and crystallization of Panax quinquefolius ginsenoside glycosyltransferase Pq3-O- UGT2. Protein Expr Purif 2024; 216:106430. [PMID: 38184160 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2024.106430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Revised: 01/01/2024] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/08/2024]
Abstract
Pq3-O-UGT2, derived from Panax quinquefolius, functions as a ginsenoside glucosyltransferase, utilizing UDP-glucose (UDPG) as the sugar donor to catalyze the glycosylation of Rh2 and F2. An essential step in comprehending its catalytic mechanism involves structural analysis. In preparation for structural analysis, we expressed Pq3-O-UGT2 in the Escherichia coli (E. coli) strain Rosetta (DE3). The recombinant Pq3-O-UGT2 was purified through Ni-NTA affinity purification, a two-step ion exchange chromatography, and subsequently size-exclusion chromatography (SEC). Notably, the purified Pq3-O-UGT2 showed substantial activity toward Rh2 and F2, catalyzing the formation of Rg3 and Rd, respectively. This activity was discernible within a pH range of 4.0-9.0 and temperature range of 30-55 °C, with optimal conditions observed at pH 7.0-8.0 and 37 °C. The catalytic efficiency of Pq3-O-UGT2 toward Rh2 and F2 was 31.43 s-1 mΜ-1 and 169.31 s-1 mΜ-1, respectively. We further crystalized Pq3-O-UGT2 in both its apo form and co-crystalized forms with UDPG, Rh2 and F2, respectively. High-quality crystals were obtained and X-ray diffraction data was collected for all co-crystalized samples. Analysis of the diffraction data revealed that the crystal of Pq3-O-UGT2 co-crystalized with UDP-Glc belonged to space group P1, while the other two crystals belonged to space group P212121. Together, this study has laid a robust foundation for subsequent structural analysis of Pq3-O-UGT2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiushuang Ji
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China.
| | - Yirong Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China.
| | - Cheng Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China.
| | - Huanyu Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China.
| | - Juan Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China.
| | - Kunrong Mei
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Coates S, Bardhi K, Lazarus P. Cannabinoid-Induced Inhibition of Morphine Glucuronidation and the Potential for In Vivo Drug-Drug Interactions. Pharmaceutics 2024; 16:418. [PMID: 38543313 PMCID: PMC10975434 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16030418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2024] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Opioids are commonly prescribed for the treatment of chronic pain. Approximately 50% of adults who are prescribed opioids for pain co-use cannabis with their opioid treatment. Morphine is primarily metabolized by UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) 2B7 to an inactive metabolite, morphine-3-glucuronide (M3G), and an active metabolite, morphine-6-glucuronide (M6G). Previous studies have shown that major cannabis constituents including Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD) inhibit major UGT enzymes. To examine whether cannabinoids or their major metabolites inhibit morphine glucuronidation by UGT2B7, in vitro assays and mechanistic static modeling were performed with these cannabinoids and their major metabolites including 11-hydroxy-Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (11-OH-THC), 11-nor-9-carboxy-Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (11-COOH-THC), 7-hydroxy-cannabidiol (7-OH-CBD), and 7-carboxy-cannabidiol (7-COOH-CBD). In vitro assays with rUGT-overexpressing microsomes and human liver microsomes showed that THC and CBD and their metabolites inhibited UGT2B7-mediated morphine metabolism, with CBD and THC exhibiting the most potent Ki,u values (0.16 µM and 0.37 µM, respectively). Only 7-COOH-CBD exhibited no inhibitory activity against UGT2B7-mediated morphine metabolism. Static mechanistic modeling predicted an in vivo drug-drug interaction between morphine and THC after inhaled cannabis, and between THC, CBD, and 7-OH-CBD after oral consumption of cannabis. These data suggest that the co-use of these agents may lead to adverse drug events in humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Philip Lazarus
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, 412 E. Spokane Falls Blvd, Spokane, WA 99202, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Knych HK, McKemie DS, Kass PH, Stanley SD, Blea J. Ketoprofen in horses: Metabolism, pharmacokinetics, and effects on inflammatory biomarkers. Drug Test Anal 2024; 16:289-302. [PMID: 37439283 DOI: 10.1002/dta.3543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
Ketoprofen is an anti-inflammatory drug that is commonly administered to racehorses for the alleviation of musculoskeletal pain and inflammation. This study represents a comprehensive examination of the metabolism (in vivo and in vitro), pharmacokinetics and ex vivo pharmacodynamics, of ketoprofen in horses. The in vitro metabolism as well as specific enzymes responsible for metabolism was determined by incubating liver microsomes and recombinant CYP450 and UGT enzymes with ketoprofen. For the in vivo portion, 15 horses were administered a single intravenous dose of 2.2-mg/kg ketoprofen. Blood and urine samples were collected prior to and up to 120 h post-drug administration. Additional blood samples were collected at select time points and were stimulated with calcium ionophore or lipopolysaccharide, ex vivo, to induce eicosanoid production. Drug, metabolite, and eicosanoid concentrations were determined using LC-MS/MS. Incubation of ketoprofen with equine liver microsomes generated 3-hydroxy ketoprofen, an unidentified hydroxylated metabolite, and ketoprofen glucuronide. Recombinant equine CYP2C23 produced the greatest amount of hydroxylated ketoprofen and recombinant equine UGT1A2 generated ketoprofen glucuronide. Dihydro, 3-hydroxy, and glucuronide metabolites were identified in blood and urine samples. The Vdss was 0.280, 0.385, and 0.319 L/kg for total ketoprofen, S (+) ketoprofen, and R (-) ketoprofen, respectively. The mean half-life was 6.01 h for total ketoprofen, 2.22 h for S (+) ketoprofen, and 1.72 h for R (-) ketoprofen. Stimulation of ketoprofen-treated blood with lipopolysaccharide and calcium ionophore resulted in an inhibition of TXB2 , PGE2 , PGF2alpha , LTB4 , and 15(s)-HETE production for up to 120 h post-drug administration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Heather K Knych
- K.L. Maddy Equine Analytical Pharmacology Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California, USA
- Department of Veterinary Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | - Daniel S McKemie
- K.L. Maddy Equine Analytical Pharmacology Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | - Philip H Kass
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | - Scott D Stanley
- MH Gluck Equine Research Center, University of Kentucky College of Agriculture, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Jeff Blea
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Bardhi K, Coates S, Chen G, Lazarus P. Cannabinoid-Induced Stereoselective Inhibition of R-S-Oxazepam Glucuronidation: Cannabinoid-Oxazepam Drug Interactions. Pharmaceutics 2024; 16:243. [PMID: 38399297 PMCID: PMC10892093 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16020243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2024] [Revised: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Benzodiazepines (BZDs) such as oxazepam are commonly prescribed depressant drugs known for their anxiolytic, hypnotic, muscle relaxant, and anticonvulsant effects and are frequently used in conjunction with other illicit drugs including cannabis. Oxazepam is metabolized in an enantiomeric-specific manner by glucuronidation, with S-oxazepam metabolized primarily by UGT2B15 and R-oxazepam glucuronidation mediated by both UGT 1A9 and 2B7. The goal of the present study was to evaluate the potential inhibitory effects of major cannabinoids, Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD), and major THC metabolites, 11-hydroxy-Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (11-OH-THC) and 11-nor-9-carboxy-Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (11-COOH-THC), on the UGT-mediated metabolism of R- and S-oxazepam. The cannabinoids and metabolites were screened as inhibitors of R- and S-oxazepam glucuronidation in microsomes isolated from HEK293 cells overexpressing individual UGT enzymes (rUGTs). The IC50 values were determined in human liver microsomes (HLM), human kidney microsomes (HKM), and rUGTs and utilized to estimate the nonspecific, binding-corrected Ki (Ki,u) values and predict the area under the concentration-time curve ratio (AUCR). The estimated Ki,u values observed in HLM for S- and R-oxazepam glucuronidation by CBD, 11-OH-THC, and THC were in the micromolar range (0.82 to 3.7 µM), with the Ki,u values observed for R-oxazepam glucuronidation approximately 2- to 5-fold lower as compared to those observed for S-oxazepam glucuronidation. The mechanistic static modeling predicted a potential clinically significant interaction between oral THC and CBD with oxazepam, with the AUCR values ranging from 1.25 to 3.45. These data suggest a pharmacokinetic drug-drug interaction when major cannabinoids like CBD or THC and oxazepam are concurrently administered.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Philip Lazarus
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, 412 E. Spokane Falls Blvd, Spokane, WA 99202, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Wang M, Ji Q, Lai B, Liu Y, Mei K. Structure-function and engineering of plant UDP-glycosyltransferase. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2023; 21:5358-5371. [PMID: 37965058 PMCID: PMC10641439 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2023.10.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural products synthesized by plants have substantial industrial and medicinal values and are therefore attracting increasing interest in various related industries. Among the key enzyme families involved in the biosynthesis of natural products, uridine diphosphate-dependent glycosyltransferases (UGTs) play a crucial role in plants. In recent years, significant efforts have been made to elucidate the catalytic mechanisms and substrate recognition of plant UGTs and to improve them for desired functions. In this review, we presented a comprehensive overview of all currently published structures of plant UGTs, along with in-depth analyses of the corresponding catalytic and substrate recognition mechanisms. In addition, we summarized and evaluated the protein engineering strategies applied to improve the catalytic activities of plant UGTs, with a particular focus on high-throughput screening methods. The primary objective of this review is to provide readers with a comprehensive understanding of plant UGTs and to serve as a valuable reference for the latest techniques used to improve their activities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mengya Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery and High Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Qiushuang Ji
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery and High Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Bin Lai
- BMBF junior research group Biophotovoltaics, Department of Environmental Microbiology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Leipzig 04318, Germany
| | - Yirong Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery and High Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Kunrong Mei
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery and High Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Havlasek J, Vrba J, Zatloukalova M, Papouskova B, Modriansky M, Storch J, Vacek J. Hepatic biotransformation of non-psychotropic phytocannabinoids and activity screening on cytochromes P450 and UDP-glucuronosyltransferases. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2023; 476:116654. [PMID: 37574147 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2023.116654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
This study examined the biotransformation of phytocannabinoids in human hepatocytes. The susceptibility of the tested compounds to transformations in hepatocytes exhibited the following hierarchy: cannabinol (CBN) > cannabigerol (CBG) > cannabichromene (CBC) > cannabidiol (CBD). Biotransformation included hydroxylation, oxidation to a carboxylic acid, dehydrogenation, hydrogenation, dehydration, loss/shortening of alkyl, glucuronidation and sulfation. CBN was primarily metabolized by oxidation of a methyl to a carboxylic acid group, while CBD, CBG and CBC were preferentially metabolized by direct glucuronidation. The study also screened for the activity of recombinant human cytochromes P450 (CYPs) and UDP-glucuronosyltransferases (UGTs), which could catalyze the hydroxylation and glucuronidation of the tested compounds, respectively. We found that CBD was hydroxylated mainly by CYPs 2C8, 2C19, 2D6; CBN by 1A2, 2C9, 2C19 and 2D6; and CBG by 2B6, 2C9, 2C19 and 2D6. CBC exhibited higher susceptibility to CYP-mediated transformation than the other tested compounds, mainly with CYPs 1A2, 2B6, 2C8, 2C19, 2D6 and 3A4 being involved. Further, CBD was primarily glucuronidated by UGTs 1A3, 1A7, 1A8, 1A9 and 2B7; CBN by 1A7, 1A8, 1A9 and 2B7; CBG by 1A3, 1A7, 1A8, 1A9, 2B4, 2B7 and 2B17; and the glucuronidation of CBC was catalyzed by UGTs 1A1, 1A8, 1A9 and 2B7.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Havlasek
- Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Hnevotinska 3, 77515 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Jiri Vrba
- Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Hnevotinska 3, 77515 Olomouc, Czech Republic.
| | - Martina Zatloukalova
- Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Hnevotinska 3, 77515 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Barbora Papouskova
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacky University, 17. Listopadu 12, 77146 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Modriansky
- Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Hnevotinska 3, 77515 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Storch
- Department of Advanced Materials and Organic Synthesis, Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals of the Czech Academy of Sciences, v. v. i., Rozvojova 135, 16502 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Vacek
- Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Hnevotinska 3, 77515 Olomouc, Czech Republic.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Ivanova L, Fæste CK, Solhaug A. Atlantic Salmon Gill Epithelial Cell Line (ASG-10) as a Suitable Model for Xenobiotic Biotransformation. Metabolites 2023; 13:771. [PMID: 37367928 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13060771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Fish are exposed to xenobiotics in the water. Uptake occurs mainly through the gills, which function as an exchange point with the environment. The gills' ability to detoxify harmful compounds by biotransformation is an essential protection mechanism. The enormous numbers of waterborne xenobiotics requiring ecotoxicological assessment makes it necessary to replace in vivo fish studies with predictive in vitro models. Here, we have characterized the metabolic capacity of the ASG-10 gill epithelial cell line from Atlantic salmon. Inducible CYP1A expression was confirmed by enzymatic assays and immunoblotting. The activities of important cytochrome P450 (CYP) and uridine 5'-diphospho-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) enzymes were established using specific substrates and metabolite analysis by liquid chromatography (LC) triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (TQMS). Metabolism of the fish anesthetic benzocaine (BZ) in ASG-10 confirmed esterase and acetyl transferase activities through the production of N-acetylbenzocaine (AcBZ), p-aminobenzoic acid (PABA) and p-acetaminobenzoic acid (AcPABA). Moreover, we were able to determine hydroxylamine benzocaine (BZOH), benzocaine glucuronide (BZGlcA) and hydroxylamine benzocaine glucuronide (BZ(O)GlcA) by LC high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry (HRMS/MS) fragment pattern analysis for the first time. Comparison to metabolite profiles in hepatic fractions, and in plasma of BZ-euthanized salmon, confirmed the suitability of the ASG-10 cell line for investigating biotransformation in gills.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lada Ivanova
- Chemistry and Toxinology Research Group, Norwegian Veterinary Institute, 1433 Ås, Norway
| | - Christiane Kruse Fæste
- Chemistry and Toxinology Research Group, Norwegian Veterinary Institute, 1433 Ås, Norway
| | - Anita Solhaug
- Chemistry and Toxinology Research Group, Norwegian Veterinary Institute, 1433 Ås, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Sulekha A, Osborne MJ, Gasiorek J, Borden KLB. 1H, 13C, 15N Backbone and sidechain chemical shift assignments of the C-terminal domain of human UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 2B17 ( UGT2B17-C). Biomol NMR Assign 2023; 17:67-73. [PMID: 36757531 DOI: 10.1007/s12104-023-10122-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
UDP-glucuronosyltransferases are the principal enzymes involved in the glucuronidation of metabolites and xenobiotics for physiological clearance in humans. Though glucuronidation is an indispensable process in the phase II metabolic pathway, UGT-mediated glucuronidation of most prescribed drugs (> 55%) and clinical evidence of UGT-associated drug resistance are major concerns for therapeutic development. While UGTs are highly conserved enzymes, they manifest unique substrate and inhibitor specificity which is poorly understood given the dearth of experimentally determined full-length structures. Such information is important not only to conceptualize their specificity but is central to the design of inhibitors specific to a given UGT in order to avoid toxicity associated with pan-UGT inhibitors. Here, we provide the 1H, 13C and 15N backbone (~ 90%) and sidechain (~ 62%) assignments for the C-terminal domain of UGT2B17, which can be used to determine the molecular binding sites of inhibitor and substrate, and to understand the atomic basis for inhibitor selectivity between UGT2B17 and other members of the UGT2B subfamily. Given the physiological relevance of UGT2B17 in the elimination of hormone-based cancer drugs, these assignments will contribute towards dissecting the structural basis for substrate specificity, selective inhibitor recognition and other aspects of enzyme activity with the goal of selectively overcoming glucuronidation-based drug resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anamika Sulekha
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology and Institute of Research in Immunology and Cancer (IRIC), Université de Montréal, Pavilion Marcelle‑Coutu, Chemin Polytechnique, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Michael J Osborne
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology and Institute of Research in Immunology and Cancer (IRIC), Université de Montréal, Pavilion Marcelle‑Coutu, Chemin Polytechnique, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Jadwiga Gasiorek
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology and Institute of Research in Immunology and Cancer (IRIC), Université de Montréal, Pavilion Marcelle‑Coutu, Chemin Polytechnique, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Katherine L B Borden
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology and Institute of Research in Immunology and Cancer (IRIC), Université de Montréal, Pavilion Marcelle‑Coutu, Chemin Polytechnique, Montreal, QC, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Johnson TN, Howgate EM, de Wildt SN, Turner MA, Rowland Yeo K. Use of developmental Midazolam and 1-hydroxymidazolam data with pediatric physiologically based modelling to assess CYP3A4 and UGT2B4 ontogeny in vivo.. Drug Metab Dispos 2023:dmd.123.001270. [PMID: 37169511 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.123.001270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Pediatric physiologically based pharmacokinetics modeling in drug development has grown in the past decade but uncertainty remains regarding ontogeny of some drug metabolizing enzymes. In this study a midazolam and 1-hydroxymidazolam PBPK model was developed and used to define the ontogeny for hepatic CYP3A4 and UGT2B4. Data for model development and pharmacokinetic studies on iv midazolam in adults and pediatrics, were collated from the literature. The PBPK model was verified in the adult population and then used to compare the performance of two ontogeny profiles for CYP3A4 in terms of parent drug elimination in pediatrics. Four studies also published data on the 1-hydroxymidazolam and this was used to evaluate the known ontogeny for UGT2B4. For midazolam elimination the Upreti CYP3A4 ontogeny performed better than Salem, mean error and mean squared error were 0.14 and 0.064 compared to 0.69 and 1.21. For 1-hydroxymidazolam elimination, the Simcyp default ontogeny of UGT2B4 appeared to perform best for studies covering the age range 0.5 to 15.7 years whilst for a study in younger ages 0 to 1 years it was the Badee UGT2B4 ontogeny. In preterm neonates overall expression of UGT appeared to be around 10% of that in adults. Identifying the optimal model of CYP3A4 ontogeny is important for the regulatory use of PBPK. The results for midazolam are conclusive but research about other CYP3A4 metabolized compounds will underpin generalizability of the CYP3A4 ontogeny. UGT2B4 ontogeny is less certain, but this study indicates the most likely scenarios. Significance Statement A PBPK model for midazolam and 1-hydroxymidazolam was developed to test various ontogeny scenarios for CYP3A4 and UGT2B4. The CYP3A4 ontogeny of Upreti resulted in more accurate prediction of midazolam PK across 9 clinical studies, age range birth to 18 years. 1-hydroxy midazolam was used as a marker of UGT, the Simcyp default 'no ontogeny' profiles for UGT2B4 performed the best, however for < 1 year of age there was some evidence of over-activity of this enzyme compared to adults.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Trevor N Johnson
- Systems Pharmacoogy, Certara UK Limited (Simcyp Division), United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Mark A Turner
- Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, Liverpool University, United Kingdom
| | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Thies JL, Willicott K, Craig ML, Greene MR, DuGay CN, Caldwell GA, Caldwell KA. Xanthine Dehydrogenase Is a Modulator of Dopaminergic Neurodegeneration in Response to Bacterial Metabolite Exposure in C. elegans. Cells 2023; 12:cells12081170. [PMID: 37190079 DOI: 10.3390/cells12081170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress is a contributing factor to Parkinson's disease (PD). Considering the prevalence of sporadic PD, environmental exposures are postulated to increase reactive oxygen species and either incite or exacerbate neurodegeneration. We previously determined that exposure to the common soil bacterium, Streptomyces venezuelae (S. ven), enhanced oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction in Caenorhabditis elegans, leading to dopaminergic (DA) neurodegeneration. Here, S. ven metabolite exposure in C. elegans was followed by RNA-Seq analysis. Half of the differentially identified genes (DEGs) were associated with the transcription factor DAF-16 (FOXO), which is a key node in regulating stress response. Our DEGs were enriched for Phase I (CYP) and Phase II (UGT) detoxification genes and non-CYP Phase I enzymes associated with oxidative metabolism, including the downregulated xanthine dehydrogenase gene, xdh-1. The XDH-1 enzyme exhibits reversible interconversion to xanthine oxidase (XO) in response to calcium. S. ven metabolite exposure enhanced XO activity in C. elegans. The chelation of calcium diminishes the conversion of XDH-1 to XO and results in neuroprotection from S. ven exposure, whereas CaCl2 supplementation enhanced neurodegeneration. These results suggest a defense mechanism that delimits the pool of XDH-1 available for interconversion to XO, and associated ROS production, in response to metabolite exposure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L Thies
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, USA
| | - Karolina Willicott
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, USA
| | - Maici L Craig
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, USA
| | - Madeline R Greene
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, USA
| | - Cassandra N DuGay
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, USA
| | - Guy A Caldwell
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, USA
- Center for Neurodegeneration and Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Neurology, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Kim A Caldwell
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, USA
- Center for Neurodegeneration and Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Neurology, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Bernardes G, Krol ES. In Vitro Hepatic Metabolism of the Natural Product Quebecol. Xenobiotica 2023; 53:1-11. [PMID: 36976846 DOI: 10.1080/00498254.2023.2180691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
Quebecol (2,3,3-tri-(3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenyl)-1-propanol) is a polyphenolic compound, which is formed during maple syrup production from Acer spp. Quebecol bears structural similarities to the chemotherapy drug tamoxifen, which has led to synthesis of structural analogues and investigations into their pharmacological properties, however there are no reports on the hepatic metabolism of quebecol.This interest in therapeutic properties spurred us to investigate the in vitro microsomal Phase I and II metabolism of quebecol. We were unable to detect any P450 metabolites for quebecol in either human liver microsomes (HLM) or rat liver microsomes (RLM). In contrast we observed marked formation of three glucuronide metabolites in both RLM and HLM, suggesting that clearance via Phase II pathways is likely to predominate.To further understand the hepatic contribution to first-pass glucuronidation we have validated an HPLC method following FDA and EMA guidelines (selectivity, linearity, accuracy, and precision) to quantify quebecol in microsomes. In vitro enzyme kinetics were performed for quebecol glucuronidation by HLM including 8 concentrations from 5-30 µM. We determined a Michaelis-Menten constant (KM) of 5.1 µM, intrinsic clearance (Clint,u) of 0.038 ± 0.001 mL/min/mg, and maximum velocity (Vmax) of 0.22 ± 0.01 µmol/min/mg.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Bernardes
- Drug Discovery and Development Research Group, College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK
| | - Ed S Krol
- Drug Discovery and Development Research Group, College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Buyssens L, Valenzuela A, Prims S, Ayuso M, Thymann T, Van Ginneken C, Van Cruchten S. Ontogeny of CYP3A and UGT activity in preterm piglets: a translational model for drug metabolism in preterm newborns. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1177541. [PMID: 37124224 PMCID: PMC10133700 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1177541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite considerable progress in understanding drug metabolism in the human pediatric population, data remains scarce in preterm neonates. Improving our knowledge of the ADME properties in this vulnerable age group is of utmost importance to avoid suboptimal dosing, which may lead to adverse drug reactions. The juvenile (mini)pig is a representative model for hepatic drug metabolism in human neonates and infants, especially phase I reactions. However, the effect of prematurity on the onset of hepatic phase I and phase II enzyme activity has yet to be investigated in this animal model. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the ontogeny of CYP3A and UGT enzyme activity in the liver of preterm (gestational day 105-107) and term-born (gestational day 115-117) domestic piglets. In addition, the ontogeny pattern between the preterm and term group was compared to examine whether postconceptional or postnatal age affects the onset of enzyme activity. The following age groups were included: preterm postnatal day (PND) 0 (n = 10), PND 5 (n = 10), PND 11 (n = 8), PND 26 (n = 10) and term PND 0 (n = 10), PND 5 (n = 10), PND 11 (n = 8), PND 19 (n = 18) and PND 26 (n = 10). Liver microsomes were extracted, and the metabolism of CYP3A and UGT-specific substrates assessed enzyme activity. Preterm CYP3A activity was only detectable at PND 26, whereas term CYP3A activity showed a gradual postnatal increase from PND 11 onwards. UGT activity gradually increased between PND 0 and PND 26 in preterm and term-born piglets, albeit, being systematically lower in the preterm group. Thus, postconceptional age is suggested as the main driver affecting porcine CYP3A and UGT enzyme ontogeny. These data are a valuable step forward in the characterization of the preterm piglet as a translational model for hepatic drug metabolism in the preterm human neonate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Buyssens
- Comparative Perinatal Development, Department of Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical, Biomedical and Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Allan Valenzuela
- Comparative Perinatal Development, Department of Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical, Biomedical and Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Sara Prims
- Comparative Perinatal Development, Department of Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical, Biomedical and Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Miriam Ayuso
- Comparative Perinatal Development, Department of Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical, Biomedical and Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Thomas Thymann
- Comparative Pediatrics and Nutrition, Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Chris Van Ginneken
- Comparative Perinatal Development, Department of Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical, Biomedical and Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Steven Van Cruchten
- Comparative Perinatal Development, Department of Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical, Biomedical and Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
- *Correspondence: Steven Van Cruchten,
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Ren C, Cao Y, Xing M, Guo Y, Li J, Xue L, Sun C, Xu C, Chen K, Li X. Genome-wide analysis of UDP-glycosyltransferase gene family and identification of members involved in flavonoid glucosylation in Chinese bayberry ( Morella rubra). Front Plant Sci 2022; 13:998985. [PMID: 36226286 PMCID: PMC9549340 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.998985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Glycosylation was catalyzed by UDP-glycosyltransferase (UGT) and was important for enriching diversity of flavonoids. Chinese bayberry (Morella rubra) has significant nutritional and medical values because of diverse natural flavonoid glycosides. However, information of UGT gene family was quite limited in M. rubra. In the present study, a total of 152 MrUGT genes clustered into 13 groups were identified in M. rubra genome. Among them, 139 MrUGT genes were marked on eight chromosomes and 13 members located on unmapped scaffolds. Gene duplication analysis indicated that expansion of MrUGT gene family was mainly forced by tandem and proximal duplication events. Gene expression patterns in different tissues and under UV-B treatment were analyzed by transcriptome. Cyanidin 3-O-glucoside (C3Glc) and quercetin 3-O-glucoside (Q3Glc) were two main flavonoid glucosides accumulated in M. rubra. UV-B treatment significantly induced C3Glc and Q3Glc accumulation in fruit. Based on comprehensively analysis of transcriptomic data and phylogenetic homology together with flavonoid accumulation patterns, MrUFGT (MrUGT78A26) and MrUGT72B67 were identified as UDP-glucosyltransferases. MrUFGT was mainly involved in C3Glc and Q3Glc accumulation in fruit, while MrUGT72B67 was mainly involved in Q3Glc accumulation in leaves and flowers. Gln375 and Gln391 were identified as important amino acids for glucosyl transfer activity of MrUFGT and MrUGT72B67 by site-directed mutagenesis, respectively. Transient expression in Nicotiana benthamiana tested the function of MrUFGT and MrUGT72B67 as glucosyltransferases. The present study provided valuable source for identification of functional UGTs involved in secondary metabolites biosynthesis in M. rubra.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chuanhong Ren
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- The State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yunlin Cao
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- The State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mengyun Xing
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- The State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yan Guo
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- The State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiajia Li
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- The State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lei Xue
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- The State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chongde Sun
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- The State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Changjie Xu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- The State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Kunsong Chen
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- The State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xian Li
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- The State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Honda T, Obuchi W, Nishiya Y, Shibayama T, Watanabe K, Watanabe N. Estimation of fraction of drug metabolism by a single UDP-glucuronosyl transferase enzyme using relative expression factor. Biopharm Drug Dispos 2022; 43:213-217. [PMID: 36151066 DOI: 10.1002/bdd.2330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Estimation of the contributions of UDP-glucuronosyl transferase (UGT) isoforms to overall metabolism still suffers from technical difficulties due to limited information on enzyme levels in recombinant systems and specific inhibitors, unlike the case for cytochrome P450s (CYPs). We quantified the protein expression levels of UGT in both recombinant system microsomes (RM) and human liver microsomes (HLM) using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, and estimated the relative expression factor (REF) value of HLM to recombinant microsomes to evaluate the fractions of drug metabolism by a single UGT enzyme (fmUGT) of UGT substrates. REF values of UGT1A1, UGT1A3, UGT1A9, UGT2B4, UGT2B7, and UGT2B17 were 0.228, 0.0714, 0.0665, 0.420, 0.118, and 0.0442, respectively. fmUGTs in HLM were estimated for several typical UGT substrates utilizing these values and metabolic clearances in RM. These values were comparable to reported values estimated by various methods. We provided useful information on REF values, which promote robust estimation of fmUGT values for UGT substrates when evaluating the contribution of UGT isoforms to total metabolic clearance. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tomoyo Honda
- Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics Research Lab, Daiichi Sankyo Co Ltd, Tokyo, Japan, Shinagawa-ku
| | - Wataru Obuchi
- Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics Research Lab, Daiichi Sankyo Co Ltd, Tokyo, Japan, Shinagawa-ku
| | - Yumi Nishiya
- Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics Research Lab, Daiichi Sankyo Co Ltd, Tokyo, Japan, Shinagawa-ku
| | - Takahiro Shibayama
- Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics Research Lab, Daiichi Sankyo Co Ltd, Tokyo, Japan, Shinagawa-ku
| | - Kengo Watanabe
- Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics Research Lab, Daiichi Sankyo Co Ltd, Tokyo, Japan, Shinagawa-ku
| | - Nobuaki Watanabe
- DMPK research laboratories, Daiichi Sankyo Co Ltd, Tokyo, Japan, Shinagawa-ku
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Dong L, Tang Z, Yang T, Hao F, Deng X. Genome-Wide Analysis of UGT Genes in Petunia and Identification of PhUGT51 Involved in the Regulation of Salt Resistance. Plants (Basel) 2022; 11:2434. [PMID: 36145837 PMCID: PMC9506063 DOI: 10.3390/plants11182434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
UDP-glycosyltransferase (UGT) plays an essential role in regulating the synthesis of hormones and secondary metabolites in plants. In this study, 129 members of the Petunia UGT family were identified and classified into 16 groups (A-P) based on phylogenetic analysis. The same subgroups have conserved motif compositions and intron/exon arrangement. In the promoters of the Petunia UGT genes, several cis-elements associated with plant hormones, growth and development, and abiotic stress have been discovered. Their expression profiles in five tissues were revealed by tissue expression based on RNA-seq data. Subcellular localization analysis showed that PhUGT51 was located in the nucleus and cell membrane. Salt stress caused an increase in the expression level of PhUGT51, but the expression level remained stable with the growth over time. In addition, the overexpression of PhUGT51 caused a significant increase in salt resistance. Our study systematically analyses the UGT gene family in Petunia for the first time and provides some valuable clues for the further functional studies of UGT genes.
Collapse
|
18
|
Liu J, Shi Y, Wu C, Hong B, Peng D, Yu N, Wang G, Wang L, Chen W. Comparison of Sweated and Non-Sweated Ethanol Extracts of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge. (Danshen) Effects on Human and rat Hepatic UDP-Glucuronosyltransferase and Preclinic Herb-Drug Interaction Potential Evaluation. Curr Drug Metab 2022; 23:473-483. [PMID: 35585828 DOI: 10.2174/1389200223666220517115845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The ethanol of Danshen (DEE) preparation has been widely used to treat cardiac-cerebral disease and cancer. Sweating is one of the primary processing methods of Danshen, which greatly influenced its quality and pharmacological properties. Sweated and non-sweated DEE preparation combining with various synthetic drugs, adding up the possibility of herbal-drug interactions. OBJECTIVE This study explored the effects of sweated and non-sweated DEE on human and rat hepatic UGT enzymes expression and activity and proposed a potential mechanism. METHODS The expression of two processed DEE on rat UGT1A, UGT2B and nuclear receptors including pregnane X receptor (PXR), constitutive androstane receptor (CAR), and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) were investigated after intragastric administration in rats by Western blot. Enzyme activity of DEE and its active ingredients (Tanshinone I, Cryptotanshinone, and Tanshinone I) on UGT isoenzymes was evaluated by quantifying probe substrate metabolism and metabolite formation in vitro using Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography. RESULTS The two processed DEE (5.40 g/kg) improved UGT1A (P<0.01) and UGT2B (P<0.05) protein expression, and the non-sweated DEE (2.70 g/kg) upregulated UGT2B expression protein (P<0.05), compared with the CMCNa group. On day 28, UGT1A protein expression was increased (P<0.05) both in two processed DEE groups, meanwhile the non-sweated DEE significantly enhanced UGT2B protein expression (P<0.05) on day 21, compared with the CMCNa group. The process underlying this mechanism involved with the activation of nuclear receptors CAR, PXR, and PPARα; In vitro, sweated DEE (0-80 μg/mL) significantly inhibited the activity of human UGT1A7 (P<0.05) and rat UGT1A1, 1A8, and 1A9 (P<0.05). Non-sweated DEE (0-80 μg/mL) dramatically suppressed the activity of human UGT1A1, 1A3, 1A6, 1A7, 2B4, and 2B15, and rat UGT1A1, 1A3, 1A7, and 1A9 (P<0.05); Tanshinone I (0-1 μM) inhibited the activity of human UGT1A3, 1A6, and 1A7 (P<0.01) and rat UGT1A3, 1A6, 1A7, and 1A8 (P<0.05). Cryptotanshinone (0-1 μM) remarkably inhibited the activity of human UGT1A3 and 1A7 (P<0.05) and rat UGT1A7, 1A8, and 1A9 (P<0.05). Nonetheless, Tanshinone IIA (0-2 μM) is not a potent UGT inhibitor both in humans and rats; Additionally, there existed significant differences between two processed DEE in expression of PXR, and the activity of human UGT1A1, 1A3, 1A6, and 2B15 and rat UGT1A3 and 2B15 (P<0.05). CONCLUSION The effects of two processed DEE on hepatic UGT enzyme expression and activity were different. Accordingly, the combined usage of related UGTs substrates with DEE and its monomer components preparations may call for caution, depending on the drug's exposure-response relationship and dose adjustment. Besides, it is vital to pay attention to the distinction between sweated and non-sweated Danshen in clinic, which exerted an important influence on its pharmacological activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, 230012, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula, Hefei, Anhui,230012, China.,Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resources Protection and Development, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, 230012, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Decoction Pieces of New Manufacturing Technology, Anhui Hefei 230012, China
| | - Yun Shi
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, 230012, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula, Hefei, Anhui,230012, China.,Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resources Protection and Development, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, 230012, China
| | - Chengyuan Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, 230012, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula, Hefei, Anhui,230012, China.,Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resources Protection and Development, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, 230012, China
| | - Bangzhen Hong
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, 230012, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula, Hefei, Anhui,230012, China.,Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resources Protection and Development, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, 230012, China
| | - Daiyin Peng
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, 230012, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula, Hefei, Anhui,230012, China.,Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resources Protection and Development, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, 230012, China
| | - Nianjun Yu
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, 230012, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula, Hefei, Anhui,230012, China.,Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resources Protection and Development, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, 230012, China
| | - Guokai Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, 230012, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula, Hefei, Anhui,230012, China.,Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resources Protection and Development, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, 230012, China
| | - Lei Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, 230012, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula, Hefei, Anhui,230012, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Decoction Pieces of New Manufacturing Technology, Anhui Hefei 230012, China
| | - Weidong Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, 230012, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula, Hefei, Anhui,230012, China.,Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resources Protection and Development, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, 230012, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Decoction Pieces of New Manufacturing Technology, Anhui Hefei 230012, China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Rincon Nigro ME, Du T, Gao S, Kaur M, Xie H, Olaleye OA, Liang D. Metabolite Identification of a Novel Anti-Leishmanial Agent OJT007 in Rat Liver Microsomes Using LC-MS/MS. Molecules 2022; 27:2854. [PMID: 35566205 PMCID: PMC9102341 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27092854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to identify potential metabolic pathways and metabolites of OJT007, a methionine aminopeptidase 1 (MetAP1) inhibitor. OJT007 is a novel drug with potent antiproliferative effects against Leishmania Major. We conducted in vitro Phase I oxidation and Phase II glucuronidation assays on OJT007 using rat liver microsomes. Four unknown metabolites were initially identified using a UPLC-UV system from microsomal incubated samples. LC-MS/MS analysis was then used to identify the structural characteristics of these metabolites via precursor ion scan, neutral loss scan, and product ion scan. A glucuronide metabolite was further confirmed by β-glucuronidase hydrolysis. The kinetic parameters of OJT007 glucuronidation demonstrated that OJT007 undergoes rapid metabolism. These results demonstrate the liver's microsomal ability to mediate three mono-oxidated metabolites and one mono-glucuronide metabolite. This suggests hepatic glucuronidation metabolism of OJT007 may be the cause of its poor oral bioavailability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Dong Liang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Texas Southern University, Houston, TX 77004, USA; (M.E.R.N.); (T.D.); (S.G.); (M.K.); (H.X.); (O.A.O.)
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Pym A, Umina PA, Reidy-Crofts J, Troczka BJ, Matthews A, Gardner J, Hunt BJ, van Rooyen AR, Edwards OR, Bass C. Overexpression of UDP-glucuronosyltransferase and cytochrome P450 enzymes confers resistance to sulfoxaflor in field populations of the aphid, Myzus persicae. Insect Biochem Mol Biol 2022; 143:103743. [PMID: 35202811 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2022.103743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The green peach aphid, Myzus persicae, is a highly damaging, globally distributed crop pest that has evolved multiple resistance to numerous insecticides. It is thus imperative that insecticides that are not strongly compromised by pre-existing resistance are carefully managed to maximise their effective life span. Sulfoxaflor is a sulfoximine insecticide that retains efficacy against M. persicae clones that exhibit resistance to older insecticides. In the current study we monitored the efficacy of sulfoxaflor against M. persicae populations collected in Western Australia, following reports of control failures in this region. We identified clones with low (4-23-fold across multiple independent bioassay experiments), but significant, levels of resistance to sulfoxaflor compared with a reference susceptible clone. Furthermore, we demonstrate that sulfoxaflor resistance can persist after many months of culturing in the laboratory in the absence of insecticide exposure. Resistance was not conferred by known mechanisms of resistance to neonicotinoid insecticides, that act on the same target-site as sulfoxaflor, i.e. the R81T mutation or overexpresssion of the P450 gene CYP6CY3. Rather, transcriptome profiling of multiple resistant and susceptible clones identified the P450 CYP380C40 and the UDP-glucuronosyltransferase UGT344P2 as highly overexpressed (21-76-fold and 6-33-fold respectively) in the resistant clones. Transgenic expression of these genes demonstrated that they confer, low, but significant, levels of resistance to sulfoxaflor in vivo. Taken together, our data reveal the presence of low-level resistance to sulfoxaflor in M. persicae populations in Australia and uncover two novel mechanisms conferring resistance to this compound. The findings and tools generated in this study provide a platform for the development of strategies that aim to slow, prevent or overcome the evolution of more potent resistance to sulfoxaflor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adam Pym
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Biosciences, University of Exeter, Penryn Campus, Penryn, Cornwall, UK
| | - Paul A Umina
- Cesar Australia, 95 Albert St, Brunswick, Victoria, 3056, Australia; School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia.
| | | | - Bartlomiej J Troczka
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Biosciences, University of Exeter, Penryn Campus, Penryn, Cornwall, UK
| | - Andrew Matthews
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Biosciences, University of Exeter, Penryn Campus, Penryn, Cornwall, UK
| | - James Gardner
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Biosciences, University of Exeter, Penryn Campus, Penryn, Cornwall, UK
| | - Benjamin J Hunt
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Biosciences, University of Exeter, Penryn Campus, Penryn, Cornwall, UK
| | | | - Owain R Edwards
- CSIRO Land and Water, Floreat, Western Australia, 6014, Australia
| | - Chris Bass
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Biosciences, University of Exeter, Penryn Campus, Penryn, Cornwall, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Gbolahan OB, O'Neil BH, McRee AJ, Sanoff HK, Fallon JK, Smith PC, Ivanova A, Moore DT, Dumond J, Asher GN. A Phase I evaluation of the effect of curcumin on dose-limiting toxicity and pharmacokinetics of irinotecan in participants with solid tumors. Clin Transl Sci 2022; 15:1304-1315. [PMID: 35157783 PMCID: PMC9099132 DOI: 10.1111/cts.13250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Curcumin inhibits UDP‐glucuronyltransferases, a primary metabolic pathway for cancer chemotherapeutic agents like irinotecan. Concurrent administration of both agents may exacerbate irinotecan toxicity. We conducted this phase I study to determine the safety of concurrent curcumin and irinotecan administration. Ten participants with advanced solid tumors received one of four doses (1, 2, 3, and 4 g) of a curcumin phosphatidylcholine complex (PC) orally daily, and 200 mg/m2 of i.v. infusion irinotecan on days 1 and 15 of a 28‐day cycle, to determine the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of PC. Thirteen participants received 4 g of PC (MTD) to assess the effect on the pharmacokinetic (PK) properties of irinotecan and its metabolites, SN‐38 and SN‐38G. Irinotecan, SN‐38, and SN‐38G exposure equivalence with and without curcumin was assessed using area under the plasma concentration‐time curves from 0 to 6 h (AUC0‐6h). Safety assessments and disease responses were also evaluated. The combination of irinotecan and PC was well‐tolerated. Because there was no dose limiting toxicity, the maximum dose administered (4 g) was defined as the recommended phase II dose of PC. PC did not significantly alter the plasma exposure and other PK properties of irinotecan and its metabolites. There was no apparent increase in the incidence of irinotecan‐associated toxicities. The objective response rate was 3/19 (22%, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 5–39%), median progression free survival and overall survival (n = 23) were 4 months (95% CI: 2.9–8.9 months) and 8.4 months (95% CI: 3.7 – not evaluable [NE]), respectively. Future studies are required to evaluate the efficacy of this combination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Olumide B Gbolahan
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Alabama, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham
| | | | - Autumn J McRee
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, UNC School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Hanna K Sanoff
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, UNC School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - John K Fallon
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill
| | - Philip C Smith
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill
| | - Anastasia Ivanova
- Department of Biostatistics, UNC Gillings School of Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill
| | - Dominic T Moore
- Department of Biostatistics, UNC Gillings School of Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill
| | - Julie Dumond
- Division of Pharmacotherapy and Experimental Therapeutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill
| | - Gary N Asher
- Department of Family Medicine, UNC School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, 590 Manning Drive, CB# 7595, Chapel Hill, USA
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Hulshof EC, de With M, de Man FM, Creemers GJ, Deiman BALM, Swen JJ, Houterman S, Koolen SLW, Bins S, Thijs AMJ, Laven MMJ, Hövels AM, Luelmo SAC, Houtsma D, Shulman K, McLeod HL, van Schaik RHN, Guchelaar HJ, Mathijssen RHJ, Gelderblom H, Deenen MJ. UGT1A1 genotype-guided dosing of irinotecan: A prospective safety and cost analysis in poor metaboliser patients. Eur J Cancer 2022; 162:148-157. [PMID: 34998046 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2021.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
AIM To determine the safety, feasibility, pharmacokinetics, and cost of UGT1A1 genotype-guided dosing of irinotecan. PATIENTS AND METHODS In this prospective, multicentre, non-randomised study, patients intended for treatment with irinotecan were pre-therapeutically genotyped for UGT1A1∗28 and UGT1A1∗93. Homozygous variant carriers (UGT1A1 poor metabolisers; PMs) received an initial 30% dose reduction. The primary endpoint was incidence of febrile neutropenia in the first two cycles of treatment. Toxicity in UGT1A1 PMs was compared to a historical cohort of UGT1A1 PMs treated with full dose therapy, and to UGT1A1 non-PMs treated with full dose therapy in the current study. Secondary endpoints were pharmacokinetics, feasibility, and costs. RESULTS Of the 350 evaluable patients, 31 (8.9%) patients were UGT1A1 PM and received a median 30% dose reduction. The incidence of febrile neutropenia in this group was 6.5% compared to 24% in historical UGT1A1 PMs (P = 0.04) and was comparable to the incidence in UGT1A1 non-PMs treated with full dose therapy. Systemic exposure of SN-38 of reduced dosing in UGT1A1 PMs was still slightly higher compared to a standard-dosed irinotecan patient cohort (difference: +32%). Cost analysis showed that genotype-guided dosing was cost-saving with a cost reduction of €183 per patient. CONCLUSION UGT1A1 genotype-guided dosing significantly reduces the incidence of febrile neutropenia in UGT1A1 PM patients treated with irinotecan, results in a therapeutically effective systemic drug exposure, and is cost-saving. Therefore, UGT1A1 genotype-guided dosing of irinotecan should be considered standard of care in order to improve individual patient safety.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emma C Hulshof
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Catharina Hospital, Eindhoven, the Netherlands; Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Toxicology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Mirjam de With
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Clinical Chemistry, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Femke M de Man
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Geert-Jan Creemers
- Department of Medical Oncology, Catharina Hospital, Eindhoven, the Netherlands
| | - Birgit A L M Deiman
- Department of Molecular Biology, Catharina Hospital, Eindhoven, the Netherlands
| | - Jesse J Swen
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Toxicology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Saskia Houterman
- Department of Education and Research, Catharina Hospital, Eindhoven, the Netherlands
| | - Stijn L W Koolen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Hospital Pharmacy, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Sander Bins
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Anna M J Thijs
- Department of Medical Oncology, Catharina Hospital, Eindhoven, the Netherlands
| | - Marjan M J Laven
- Department of Medical Oncology, Catharina Hospital, Eindhoven, the Netherlands
| | - Anke M Hövels
- Hovels Consultancy HTA and Health Economics, Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Saskia A C Luelmo
- Department of Medical Oncology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Danny Houtsma
- Department of Medical Oncology, Haga Hospital, The Hague, the Netherlands
| | - Katerina Shulman
- Department of Medical Oncology, Carmel Medical Centre and Clalit Haifa District Regional Oncology Clinics, Haifa, Israel
| | - Howard L McLeod
- University of South Florida Taneja College of Pharmacy, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Ron H N van Schaik
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Henk-Jan Guchelaar
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Toxicology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Ron H J Mathijssen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Hans Gelderblom
- Department of Medical Oncology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Maarten J Deenen
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Catharina Hospital, Eindhoven, the Netherlands; Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Toxicology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Uno Y, Uehara S, Yamazaki H. Drug-oxidizing and conjugating non-cytochrome P450 (non-P450) enzymes in cynomolgus monkeys and common marmosets as preclinical models for humans. Biochem Pharmacol 2021; 197:114887. [PMID: 34968483 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2021.114887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Many drug oxidations and conjugations are mediated by a variety of cytochromes P450 (P450) and non-P450 enzymes in humans and non-human primates. These non-P450 enzymes include aldehyde oxidases (AOX), carboxylesterases (CES), flavin-containing monooxygenases (FMO), glutathione S-transferases (GST), arylamine N-acetyltransferases (NAT),sulfotransferases (SULT), and uridine 5'-diphospho-glucuronosyltransferases (UGT) and their substrates include both endobiotics and xenobiotics. Cynomolgus macaques (Macaca fascicularis, an Old-World monkey) are widely used in preclinical studies because of their genetic and physiological similarities to humans. However, many reports have indicated the usefulness of common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus, a New World monkey) as an alternative non-human primate model. Although knowledge of the drug-metabolizing properties of non-P450 enzymes in non-human primates is relatively limited, new research has started to provide an insight into the molecular characteristics of these enzymes in cynomolgus macaques and common marmosets. This mini-review provides collective information on the isoforms of non-P450 enzymes AOX, CES, FMO, GST, NAT, SULT, and UGT and their enzymatic profiles in cynomolgus macaques and common marmosets. In general, these non-P450 cynomolgus macaque and marmoset enzymes have high sequence identities and similar substrate recognitions to their human counterparts. However, these enzymes also exhibit some limited differences in function between species, just as P450 enzymes do, possibly due to small structural differences in amino acid residues. The findings summarized here provide a foundation for understanding the molecular mechanisms of polymorphic non-P450 enzymes and should contribute to the successful application of non-human primates as model animals for humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Uno
- Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima-city, Kagoshima 890-8580, Japan
| | - Shotaro Uehara
- Showa Pharmaceutical University, Machida, Tokyo 194-8543, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Yamazaki
- Showa Pharmaceutical University, Machida, Tokyo 194-8543, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Chand RR, Nimick M, Cridge B, Rosengren RJ. In Vitro Hepatic Assessment of Cineole and Its Derivatives in Common Brushtail Possums ( Trichosurus vulpecula) and Rodents. Biology (Basel) 2021; 10:1326. [PMID: 34943241 PMCID: PMC8698377 DOI: 10.3390/biology10121326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Folivore marsupials, such as brushtail possum (Trichosurus Vulpecula) and koala (Phascolarctos cinereus), can metabolise higher levels of dietary terpenes, such as cineole, that are toxic to eutherian mammals. While the highly efficient drug metabolising enzymes, cytochrome P450 3A (CYP3A) and phase II conjugating enzymes (UDP-glucuronosyltransferase, UGT), are involved in the metabolism of high levels of dietary terpenes, evidence for inhibitory actions on these enzymes by these terpenes is scant. Thus, this study investigated the effect of cineole and its derivatives on catalytic activities of hepatic CYP3A and UGT in mice, rats, and possums. Results showed that cineole (up to 50 µM) and its derivatives (up to 25 µM) did not significantly inhibit CYP3A and UGT activities in mice, rats, and possums (both in silico and in vitro). Interestingly, basal hepatic CYP3A catalytic activity in the possums was ~20% lower than that in rats and mice. In contrast, possums had ~2-fold higher UGT catalytic activity when compared to mice and rats. Thus, these basal enzymatic differences may be further exploited in future pest management strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ravneel R. Chand
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand;
| | - Mhairi Nimick
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand;
| | - Belinda Cridge
- Science for Communities, Christchurch Science Centre, Christchurch 8041, New Zealand;
| | - Rhonda J. Rosengren
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand;
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Mandalà G, Ceoloni C, Busato I, Favaron F, Tundo S. Transgene pyramiding in wheat: Combination of deoxynivalenol detoxification with inhibition of cell wall degrading enzymes to contrast Fusarium Head Blight and Crown Rot. Plant Sci 2021; 313:111059. [PMID: 34763853 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2021.111059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Fusarium Head Blight (FHB) and Crown Rot (FCR) are major diseases of wheat crops, causing extensive damages and mycotoxin contamination. In this work, we investigated the possibility to improve resistance to either or both diseases by combining different resistance mechanisms. To this aim, we stacked in the same wheat genotype transgenes controlling the DON-to-D3G conversion by specific UDP-glucosyltransferases (UGT) and the inhibition of cell wall degrading enzymes (CWDEs) by glycosidase inhibitors. We obtained: i) a durum wheat UGT+PMEI double-transgenic line constitutively expressing the HvUGT13248 and AcPMEI genes, coding for a barley UGT and a kiwi pectin methylesterase inhibitor, respectively; ii) a bread wheat UGT+PGIP line, expressing in floral tissues the HvUGT13248 gene and constitutively the PvPGIP2 gene, coding for a bean polygalacturonase inhibiting protein. We observed that both UGT+PMEI and UGT+PGIP plants exhibited increased resistance against Fusarium graminearum in FHB, further reducing by 10-20 % FHB symptoms as compared to the lines carrying the individual transgenes, and of up to 50 % as compared to wild-type plants. On the other hand, double-transgenic UGT+PMEI seedlings exhibited similar FCR symptoms as the UGT single transgenic line after infection with F. culmorum, indicating no contribution of the PMEI transgene to FCR resistance. This result is also supported by the inability of AcPMEI or PvPGIP2, constitutively expressed in durum wheat transgenic lines, to counteract F. graminearum in FCR. We also verified that F. graminearum produces PG and PME activity on infected wheat crown. We conclude that CWDEs inhibition combined with UGT-based DON detoxification contribute in an additive manner to limiting F. graminearum in FHB. Conversely, UGT-based DON detoxification is the only mechanism contributing to resistance observed against FCR. Indeed, the reinforcement of pectin does not enhance resistance against FCR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Mandalà
- Department of Agricultural and Forest Sciences (DAFNE), University of Tuscia, 01100, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Carla Ceoloni
- Department of Agricultural and Forest Sciences (DAFNE), University of Tuscia, 01100, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Isabella Busato
- Department of Land, Environment, Agriculture and Forestry (TeSAF), University of Padova, 35020, Legnaro, Padova, Italy
| | - Francesco Favaron
- Department of Land, Environment, Agriculture and Forestry (TeSAF), University of Padova, 35020, Legnaro, Padova, Italy
| | - Silvio Tundo
- Department of Land, Environment, Agriculture and Forestry (TeSAF), University of Padova, 35020, Legnaro, Padova, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Nakamura S, Yamashita R, Miyauchi Y, Tanaka Y, Ishii Y. Adenine-related compounds modulate UDP-glucuronosyltransferase ( UGT) activity in mouse liver microsomes. Xenobiotica 2021; 51:1247-1254. [PMID: 34727004 DOI: 10.1080/00498254.2021.2001075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Adenine-related compounds are allosteric inhibitors of UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) in rat liver microsomes (RLM) and human UGT isoforms treated with detergent or pore-forming peptide, alamethicin.To clarify whether the same is true beyond species, the effects of adenine-related compounds on 4-methylumbelliferone (4-MU) glucuronidation were examined using detergent-treated mouse liver microsomes (MLM).Brij-58 treatment of MLM increased the Vmax and the Michaelis constant, Km, of 4-MU. This study was performed using Brij-58-treated MLM as an enzyme source. ATP- and ADP-inhibited 4-MU glucuronidation. In contrast, AMP caused a 1.5-fold increase in glucuronidation. Oxidised forms, NAD+ and NADP+, potently inhibited 4-MU glucuronidation, whereas the reduced forms, NADH and NADPH, did not. Furthermore, the IC50 values of ATP, ADP, NAD+, and NADP+ were approximately 15 μM.In our previous study, ATP was the strongest inhibitor of UGT activity in RLM. However, in this study, the above-mentioned compounds inhibited 4-MU UGT in a comparable and non-competitive manner. Furthermore, AMP antagonised the inhibitory effects of ATP and ADP.These results suggest that ATP, ADP, NAD+, and NADP+ are common endogenous inhibitors of UGT beyond species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shoji Nakamura
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Ryohei Yamashita
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yuu Miyauchi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.,Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sojo University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Tanaka
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yuji Ishii
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Osborne MJ, Rahardjo AK, Volpon L, Borden KLB. 1H, 13C and 15N chemical shift assignments of the C-terminal domain of human UDP-Glucuronosyltransferase 2B7 ( UGT2B7-C). Biomol NMR Assign 2021; 15:323-328. [PMID: 33870481 PMCID: PMC8549657 DOI: 10.1007/s12104-021-10024-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The human UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) family of enzymes catalyze the covalent addition of glucuronic acid to a wide range of compounds, generally rendering them inactive. Although important for clearance of environmental toxins and metabolites, UGT activation can lead to inappropriate glucuronidation of therapeutics underlying drug resistance. Indeed, 50% of medications are glucuronidated. To better understand this mode of resistance, we studied the UGT2B7 enzyme associated with glucuronidation of cancer drugs such as Tamoxifen and Sorafenib. We report 1H, 13C and 15N backbone (> 90%) and side-chain assignments (~ 78% completeness according to CYANA) for the C-terminal domain of UGT2B7 (UGT2B7-C). Given the biomedical importance of this family of enzymes, our assignments will provide a key tool for improving understanding of the biochemical basis for substrate selectivity and other aspects of enzyme activity. This in turn will inform on drug design to overcome UGT-related drug resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Osborne
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Institute of Research in Immunology and Cancer (IRIC), Université de Montréal, Pavillion Marcelle-Coutu, Chemin Polytechnique, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Amanda K Rahardjo
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Institute of Research in Immunology and Cancer (IRIC), Université de Montréal, Pavillion Marcelle-Coutu, Chemin Polytechnique, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Laurent Volpon
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Institute of Research in Immunology and Cancer (IRIC), Université de Montréal, Pavillion Marcelle-Coutu, Chemin Polytechnique, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Katherine L B Borden
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Institute of Research in Immunology and Cancer (IRIC), Université de Montréal, Pavillion Marcelle-Coutu, Chemin Polytechnique, Montreal, QC, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Yuan JC, Xiong RL, Zhu TT, Ni R, Fu J, Lou HX, Cheng AX. Cloning and functional characterization of three flavonoid O-glucosyltransferase genes from the liverworts Marchantia emarginata and Marchantia paleacea. Plant Physiol Biochem 2021; 166:495-504. [PMID: 34166976 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Flavonoid glycosides are important plant secondary metabolites with broad pharmacological activities. Flavonoid glycosides are generated from aglycones, in reactions catalyzed by typical uridine diphosphate-dependent glycosyltransferases (UGTs). Liverworts produce various types of flavonoid glycosides; however, only two UGTs have been characterized from liverworts to date. Here, we isolated three genes encoding UGTs (MeUGT1, MeUGT2, and MpalUGT1) from the liverwort species Marchantia emarginata and Marchantia paleacea through transcriptome sequencing. Recombinant MeUGT1, MeUGT2, and MpalUGT1 proteins heterologously produced in Escherichia coli exhibited catalytic activity towards multiple flavonoids. MeUGT1 and MpalUGT1 catalyzed the glycosylation of flavonols into the corresponding 3-O-glucosides with UDP-glucose as the sugar donor, while MeUGT2 exhibited a wider substrate specificity that included flavonols, flavones, and flavanones. When MeUGT2 was expressed in E. coli, the yield of flavonol 3-O-glucosides reached to 40-60% with feeding of the substrates kaempferol or quercetin under optimal conditions. Furthermore, heterologous expression of MeUGT1 in Arabidopsis thaliana increased the flavonol glycoside contents in the plants. Therefore, the UGTs characterized in this study could provide new data that will be useful for examining flavonoid biosynthesis in liverworts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Cong Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Natural Products, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Rui-Lin Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Natural Products, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Ting-Ting Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Natural Products, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Rong Ni
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Natural Products, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Jie Fu
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Natural Products, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Hong-Xiang Lou
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Natural Products, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Ai-Xia Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Natural Products, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Reddy MB, Bolger MB, Fraczkiewicz G, Del Frari L, Luo L, Lukacova V, Mitra A, Macwan JS, Mullin JM, Parrott N, Heikkinen AT. PBPK Modeling as a Tool for Predicting and Understanding Intestinal Metabolism of Uridine 5'-Diphospho-glucuronosyltransferase Substrates. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13091325. [PMID: 34575401 PMCID: PMC8468656 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13091325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Uridine 5′-diphospho-glucuronosyltransferases (UGTs) are expressed in the small intestines, but prediction of first-pass extraction from the related metabolism is not well studied. This work assesses physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling as a tool for predicting intestinal metabolism due to UGTs in the human gastrointestinal tract. Available data for intestinal UGT expression levels and in vitro approaches that can be used to predict intestinal metabolism of UGT substrates are reviewed. Human PBPK models for UGT substrates with varying extents of UGT-mediated intestinal metabolism (lorazepam, oxazepam, naloxone, zidovudine, cabotegravir, raltegravir, and dolutegravir) have demonstrated utility for predicting the extent of intestinal metabolism. Drug–drug interactions (DDIs) of UGT1A1 substrates dolutegravir and raltegravir with UGT1A1 inhibitor atazanavir have been simulated, and the role of intestinal metabolism in these clinical DDIs examined. Utility of an in silico tool for predicting substrate specificity for UGTs is discussed. Improved in vitro tools to study metabolism for UGT compounds, such as coculture models for low clearance compounds and better understanding of optimal conditions for in vitro studies, may provide an opportunity for improved in vitro–in vivo extrapolation (IVIVE) and prospective predictions. PBPK modeling shows promise as a useful tool for predicting intestinal metabolism for UGT substrates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Micaela B. Reddy
- Early Clinical Development, Department of Clinical Pharmacology Oncology, Pfizer, Boulder, CO 80301, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-303-842-4123
| | - Michael B. Bolger
- Simulations Plus Inc., Lancaster, CA 93534, USA; (M.B.B.); (G.F.); (V.L.); (J.S.M.); (J.M.M.)
| | - Grace Fraczkiewicz
- Simulations Plus Inc., Lancaster, CA 93534, USA; (M.B.B.); (G.F.); (V.L.); (J.S.M.); (J.M.M.)
| | | | - Laibin Luo
- Material & Analytical Sciences, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Ridgefield, CT 06877, USA;
| | - Viera Lukacova
- Simulations Plus Inc., Lancaster, CA 93534, USA; (M.B.B.); (G.F.); (V.L.); (J.S.M.); (J.M.M.)
| | - Amitava Mitra
- Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacometrics, Janssen Research & Development, Springhouse, PA 19477, USA;
| | - Joyce S. Macwan
- Simulations Plus Inc., Lancaster, CA 93534, USA; (M.B.B.); (G.F.); (V.L.); (J.S.M.); (J.M.M.)
| | - Jim M. Mullin
- Simulations Plus Inc., Lancaster, CA 93534, USA; (M.B.B.); (G.F.); (V.L.); (J.S.M.); (J.M.M.)
| | - Neil Parrott
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche, 4070 Basel, Switzerland;
| | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Abstract
There are many factors which are known to cause variability in human in vitro enzyme kinetic data. Factors such as the source of enzyme and how it was prepared, the genetics and background of the donor, how the in vitro studies are designed, and how the data are analyzed contribute to variability in the resulting kinetic parameters. It is important to consider not only the factors which cause variability within an experiment, such as selection of a probe substrate, but also those that cause variability when comparing kinetic data across studies and laboratories. For example, the artificial nature of the microsomal lipid membrane and microenvironment in some recombinantly expressed enzymes, relative to those found in native tissue microsomes, has been shown to influence enzyme activity and thus can be a source of variability when comparing across the two different systems. All of these factors, and several others, are discussed in detail in the chapter below. In addition, approaches which can be used to visualize the uncertainty arising from the use of enzyme kinetic data within the context of predicting human pharmacokinetics are discussed.
Collapse
|
31
|
Yang X, Fan J, Zhang L. How Science Is Driving Regulatory Guidances. Methods Mol Biol 2021; 2342:595-629. [PMID: 34272707 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1554-6_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
This chapter provides regulatory perspectives on how to translate in vitro drug metabolism findings into in vivo drug-drug interaction (DDI) predictions and how this affects the decision of conducting in vivo DDI evaluation. The chapter delineates rationale and analyses that have supported the recommendations in the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) DDI guidances in terms of in vitro-in vivo extrapolation of cytochrome P450 (CYP) inhibition-mediated DDI potential for investigational new drugs and their metabolites as substrates or inhibitors. The chapter also describes the framework and considerations to assess UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) inhibition-mediated DDI potential for drugs as substrates or inhibitors. The limitations of decision criteria and further improvements needed are also discussed. Case examples are provided throughout the chapter to illustrate how decision criteria have been utilized to evaluate in vivo DDI potential from in vitro data.
Collapse
|
32
|
Wenzel C, Drozdzik M, Oswald S. Mass spectrometry-based targeted proteomics method for the quantification of clinically relevant drug metabolizing enzymes in human specimens. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2021; 1180:122891. [PMID: 34390906 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2021.122891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Biotransformation by phase I and II metabolizing enzymes represents the major determinant for the oral bioavailability of many drugs. To estimate the pharmacokinetics, data on protein abundance of hepatic and extrahepatic tissues, such as the small intestine, are required. Targeted proteomics assays are nowadays state-of-the-art for absolute protein quantification and several methods for quantification of drug metabolizing enzymes have been published. However, some enzymes remain still uncovered by the analytical spectra of those methods. Therefore, we developed and validated a quantification assay for two carboxylesterases (CES-1, CES-2), 17 cytochrome P450 enzymes (CYP) (CYP1A1, CYP1A2, CYP2A6, CYP2B6, CYP2C8, CYP2C9, CYP2C18, CYP2C19, CYP2D6, CYP2E1, CYP2J2, CYP3A4, CYP3A5, CYP3A7, CYP4F2, CYP4F12, CYP4A11) and five UDP-glucuronosyltransferases (UGTs) (UGT1A1, UGT1A3, UGT2B7, UGT2B15, UGT2B17). Protein quantification was performed by analyzing proteospecific surrogate peptides after tryptic digestion with stable isotope-labelled standards. Chromatographic separation was performed on a Kinetex® 2.6 µm C18 100 Å core-shell column (100 × 2.1 mm) with a gradient elution using 0.1% formic acid and acetonitrile containing 0.1% formic acid with a flow rate of 200 µl/min. Three mass transitions were simultaneously monitored with a scheduled multiple reaction monitoring (sMRM) method for each analyte and standard. The method was partly validated according to current bioanalytical guidelines and met the criteria regarding linearity (0.1-25 nmol/L), within-day and between-day accuracy and precision as well as multiple stability criteria. Finally, the developed method was successfully applied to determine the abundance of the aforementioned enzymes in human intestinal und liver microsomes. Our work offers a new fit for purpose method for the absolute quantification of CES, CYPs and UGTs in various human tissues and can be used for the acquisition of data for physiologically based pharmacokinetic modelling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Wenzel
- Department of Pharmacology, Center of Drug Absorption and Transport, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Marek Drozdzik
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Stefan Oswald
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Zhou Q, Xia B, Yin T, He Y, Ye L, Hu M. Overexpression of MRP3 in HeLa- UGT1A9 Cells Enhances Glucuronidation Capability of the Cells. Curr Drug Metab 2021; 22:772-783. [PMID: 34279197 DOI: 10.2174/1389200222666210716151520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The interplay between phase II enzymes and efflux transporters leads to extensive metabolism and low systemic bioavailability of flavonoids. OBJECTIVE The study aims to investigate the dynamic interplay between multiple UGTs and multiple efflux transporters inside the cells. METHODS A new HeLa-UGT1A9-MRP3 cell was established to overexpress two dominant efflux transporters MRP3 and BCRP, and two UGT isoforms UGT1A9 and UGT1A3. The metabolism and glucuronides excretion for a model flavonoid genistein were determined in HeLa-UGT1A9-MRP3 cells and HeLa-UGT1A9-Con cells that overexpressed one UGT (1A9) and one efflux transporter (BCRP). RESULTS The excretion rate grew nearly 6-fold, cellular clearance of glucuronides increased about 3-fold, and a fraction of genistein metabolized (fmet) increased (14%, p<0.01) in the new cells. Small interfering (siRNA)-mediated MRP3 functional knockdown resulted in markedly decreases in the excretion rates (26%-78%), intracellular amounts (56%-93%), cellular clearance (54%-96%) in both cells, but the magnitude of the differences in HeLa-UGT1A9-Con cells were relatively small. Reductions in fmet values were similarly moderate (11%-14%). In contrast, UGT1A9 knockdown with siRNA caused large decreases in the excretion rates (46%-88%), intracellular amounts (80%-97%), cellular clearance (80%-98%) as well as fmet value (33%-43%, p<0.01) in both UGT1A9 cells. Comparisons of the kinetic parameters and profiles of genistein glucuronidation and UGT mRNA expression suggest that HeLa-UGT1A9-MRP3 has increased expression of both MRP3 and UGT1A3. CONCLUSION The newly engineered HeLa-UGT1A9-MRP3 cells are an appropriate model to study the kinetic interplay between multiple UGTs and efflux transporters. It's a promising biosynthetic tool to obtain flavonoids glucuronides of high purity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, Integrated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bijun Xia
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, 4849 Calhoun Road, Houston, TX77204, United States
| | - Taijun Yin
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, 4849 Calhoun Road, Houston, TX77204, United States
| | - Yu He
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, 4849 Calhoun Road, Houston, TX77204, United States
| | - Ling Ye
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ming Hu
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, 4849 Calhoun Road, Houston, TX77204, United States
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Zhang J, Lin LM, Cheng WW, Song X, Long YH, Xing ZB. Genome-wide identification and expression analysis of glycosyltransferase gene family 1 in Quercus robur L. J Appl Genet 2021. [PMID: 34241817 DOI: 10.1007/s13353-021-00650-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Glycosyltransferase gene family 1, also known as uridine diphosphate glycosyltransferase (UGT), is the largest glycosyltransferase family in plants, playing a vital role in their growth and development. In this study, 244 UGT genes with conserved PSPG motifs were identified in the genome of Quercus robur L. The collinearity analysis results showed that tandem repeat was the main way of UGT genes expansion in Q. robur, with 21 groups of 55 tandem repeat genes. UGT genes were divided into 15 subgroups A-P; group K was lost, and the gene structure and conserved domain of the same subgroup were basically the same. Cis-element analysis showed that upstream 2,000 bp promoter sequence of UGT genes contained light response elements, plant hormone response elements, and stress-related cis-elements, which indicated that UGT genes of Q. robur might be regulated by various metabolic pathways. In particular, some UGTs in group L of Q. robur contained a conserved promoter structure. The expression pattern analysis results demonstrated that UGT genes of groups B, D, E, and I were differentially expressed under Tortrix viridana L. stress. The expression of UGTs in group E decreased under stress, the expression of group L increased, and that of genes in groups D and B were different. The functions of UGT genes in E and L groups are relatively conservative, and their functions may also conserve among species. The study results have a particular reference value for further research on the function of Q. robur UGT genes.
Collapse
|
35
|
Kong R, Ma J, Hwang S, Moon YC, Welch EM, Weetall M, Colacino JM, Almstead N, Babiak J, Goodwin E. In vitro metabolism, reaction phenotyping, enzyme kinetics, CYP inhibition and induction potential of ataluren. Pharmacol Res Perspect 2021; 8:e00576. [PMID: 32196986 PMCID: PMC7083565 DOI: 10.1002/prp2.576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Ataluren promotes ribosomal readthrough of premature termination codons in mRNA which result from nonsense mutations. In vitro studies were performed to characterize the metabolism and enzyme kinetics of ataluren and its interaction potential with CYP enzymes. Incubation of [14C]‐ataluren with human liver microsomes indicated that the major metabolic pathway for ataluren is via direct glucuronidation and that the drug is not metabolized via cytochrome P450 (CYP). Glucuronidation was also observed in the incubation in human intestinal and kidney microsomes, but not in human pulmonary microsomes. UGT1A9 was found to be the major uridine diphosphate glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) responsible for ataluren glucuronidation in the liver and kidney microsomes. Enzyme kinetic analysis of the formation of ataluren acyl glucuronide, performed in human liver, kidney, and intestinal microsomes and recombinant human UGT1A9, found that increasing bovine serum albumin (BSA) levels enhanced the glucuronidation Michaelis‐Menten constant (Km) and ataluren protein binding but had a minimal effect on maximum velocity (Vmax) of glucuronidation. Due to the decreased unbound Michaelis‐Menten constant (Km,u), the ataluren unbound intrinsic clearance (CLint,u) increased for all experimental systems and BSA concentrations. Human kidney microsomes were about 3.7‐fold more active than human liver microsomes, in terms of CLint,u/mg protein, indicating that the kidney is also a key organ for the metabolism and disposition of ataluren in humans. Ataluren showed no or little potential to inhibit or induce most of the CYP enzymes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ronald Kong
- PTC Therapeutics, Inc., South Plainfield, NJ, USA
| | - Jiyuan Ma
- PTC Therapeutics, Inc., South Plainfield, NJ, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - John Babiak
- PTC Therapeutics, Inc., South Plainfield, NJ, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Ahn SJ, Marygold SJ. The UDP-Glycosyltransferase Family in Drosophila melanogaster: Nomenclature Update, Gene Expression and Phylogenetic Analysis. Front Physiol 2021; 12:648481. [PMID: 33815151 PMCID: PMC8010143 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.648481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
UDP-glycosyltransferases (UGTs) are important conjugation enzymes found in all kingdoms of life, catalyzing a sugar conjugation with small lipophilic compounds and playing a crucial role in detoxification and homeostasis. The UGT gene family is defined by a signature motif in the C-terminal domain where the uridine diphosphate (UDP)-sugar donor binds. UGTs have been identified in a number of insect genomes over the last decade and much progress has been achieved in characterizing their expression patterns and molecular functions. Here, we present an update of the complete repertoire of UGT genes in Drosophila melanogaster and provide a brief overview of the latest research in this model insect. A total of 35 UGT genes are found in the D. melanogaster genome, localized to chromosomes 2 and 3 with a high degree of gene duplications on the chromosome arm 3R. All D. melanogaster UGT genes have now been named in FlyBase according to the unified UGT nomenclature guidelines. A phylogenetic analysis of UGT genes shows lineage-specific gene duplications. Analysis of anatomical and induced gene expression patterns demonstrate that some UGT genes are differentially expressed in various tissues or after environmental treatments. Extended searches of UGT orthologs from 18 additional Drosophila species reveal a diversity of UGT gene numbers and composition. The roles of Drosophila UGTs identified to date are briefly reviewed, and include xenobiotic metabolism, nicotine resistance, olfaction, cold tolerance, sclerotization, pigmentation, and immunity. Together, the updated genomic information and research overview provided herein will aid further research in this developing field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Joon Ahn
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Entomology and Plant Pathology, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS, United States
| | - Steven J Marygold
- FlyBase, Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Helland T, Alsomairy S, Lin C, Søiland H, Mellgren G, Hertz DL. Generating a Precision Endoxifen Prediction Algorithm to Advance Personalized Tamoxifen Treatment in Patients with Breast Cancer. J Pers Med 2021; 11:jpm11030201. [PMID: 33805613 PMCID: PMC8000933 DOI: 10.3390/jpm11030201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Tamoxifen is an endocrine treatment for hormone receptor positive breast cancer. The effectiveness of tamoxifen may be compromised in patients with metabolic resistance, who have insufficient metabolic generation of the active metabolites endoxifen and 4-hydroxy-tamoxifen. This has been challenging to validate due to the lack of measured metabolite concentrations in tamoxifen clinical trials. CYP2D6 activity is the primary determinant of endoxifen concentration. Inconclusive results from studies investigating whether CYP2D6 genotype is associated with tamoxifen efficacy may be due to the imprecision in using CYP2D6 genotype as a surrogate of endoxifen concentration without incorporating the influence of other genetic and clinical variables. This review summarizes the evidence that active metabolite concentrations determine tamoxifen efficacy. We then introduce a novel approach to validate this relationship by generating a precision endoxifen prediction algorithm and comprehensively review the factors that must be incorporated into the algorithm, including genetics of CYP2D6 and other pharmacogenes. A precision endoxifen algorithm could be used to validate metabolic resistance in existing tamoxifen clinical trial cohorts and could then be used to select personalized tamoxifen doses to ensure all patients achieve adequate endoxifen concentrations and maximum benefit from tamoxifen treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Helland
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Michigan College of Pharmacy, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; (S.A.); (C.L.); (D.L.H.)
- Hormone Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021 Bergen, Norway;
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, 5007 Bergen, Norway;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +47-92847793
| | - Sarah Alsomairy
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Michigan College of Pharmacy, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; (S.A.); (C.L.); (D.L.H.)
| | - Chenchia Lin
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Michigan College of Pharmacy, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; (S.A.); (C.L.); (D.L.H.)
| | - Håvard Søiland
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, 5007 Bergen, Norway;
| | - Gunnar Mellgren
- Hormone Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021 Bergen, Norway;
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, 5007 Bergen, Norway;
| | - Daniel Louis Hertz
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Michigan College of Pharmacy, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; (S.A.); (C.L.); (D.L.H.)
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Kulasekaran S, Cerezo-Medina S, Harflett C, Lomax C, de Jong F, Rendour A, Ruvo G, Hanley SJ, Beale MH, Ward JL. A willow UDP-glycosyltransferase involved in salicinoid biosynthesis. J Exp Bot 2021; 72:1634-1648. [PMID: 33249501 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eraa562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The salicinoids are phenolic glycosides that are characteristic secondary metabolites of the Salicaceae, particularly willows and poplars. Despite the well-known pharmacology of salicin, that led to the development of aspirin >100 years ago, the biosynthetic pathways leading to salicinoids have yet to be defined. Here, we describe the identification, cloning, and biochemical characterization of SpUGT71L2 and SpUGT71L3-isozymic glycosyltransferases from Salix purpurea-that function in the glucosylation of ortho-substituted phenols. The best substrate in vitro was salicyl-7-benzoate. Its product, salicyl-7-benzoate glucoside, was shown to be endogenous in poplar and willow. Together they are inferred to be early intermediates in the biosynthesis of salicortin and related metabolites in planta. The role of this UDP-glycosyltransferase was confirmed via the metabolomic analysis of transgenic plants produced by RNAi knockdown of the poplar orthologue (UGT71L1) in the hybrid clone Populus tremula×P. alba, INRA 717-1B4.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Satish Kulasekaran
- Computational and Analytical Sciences Department, Rothamsted Research, West Common, Harpenden, Hertfordshire, UK
| | - Sergio Cerezo-Medina
- Computational and Analytical Sciences Department, Rothamsted Research, West Common, Harpenden, Hertfordshire, UK
| | - Claudia Harflett
- Computational and Analytical Sciences Department, Rothamsted Research, West Common, Harpenden, Hertfordshire, UK
| | - Charlotte Lomax
- Computational and Analytical Sciences Department, Rothamsted Research, West Common, Harpenden, Hertfordshire, UK
| | - Femke de Jong
- Computational and Analytical Sciences Department, Rothamsted Research, West Common, Harpenden, Hertfordshire, UK
| | - Amelie Rendour
- Computational and Analytical Sciences Department, Rothamsted Research, West Common, Harpenden, Hertfordshire, UK
| | - Gianluca Ruvo
- Computational and Analytical Sciences Department, Rothamsted Research, West Common, Harpenden, Hertfordshire, UK
| | - Steven J Hanley
- Computational and Analytical Sciences Department, Rothamsted Research, West Common, Harpenden, Hertfordshire, UK
| | - Michael H Beale
- Computational and Analytical Sciences Department, Rothamsted Research, West Common, Harpenden, Hertfordshire, UK
| | - Jane L Ward
- Computational and Analytical Sciences Department, Rothamsted Research, West Common, Harpenden, Hertfordshire, UK
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Zhang X, Zhu Y, Ye J, Ye Z, Zhu R, Xie G, Zhao Y, Qin M. Iris domestica (iso)flavone 7- and 3'-O-Glycosyltransferases Can Be Induced by CuCl 2. Front Plant Sci 2021; 12:632557. [PMID: 33633770 PMCID: PMC7900552 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.632557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In many plants, isoflavones are the main secondary metabolites that have various pharmacological activities, but the low water solubility of aglycones limits their usage. The O-glycosylation of (iso)flavones is a promising way to overcome this barrier. O-glycosyltransferases (UGTs) are key enzymes in the biosynthesis of (iso)flavonoid O-glycosides in plants. However, limited investigations on isoflavonoid O-UGTs have been reported, and they mainly focused on legumes. Iris domestica (L.) Goldblatt et Mabberley is a non-legume plant rich in various isoflavonoid glycosides. However, there are no reports regarding its glycosylation mechanism, despite the I. domestica transcriptome previously being annotated as having non-active isoflavone 7-O-UGTs. Our previous experiments indicated that isoflavonoid glycosides were induced by CuCl2 in I. domestica calli; therefore, we hypothesized that isoflavone O-UGTs may be induced by Cu2+. Thus, a comparative transcriptome analysis was performed using I. domestica seedlings treated with CuCl2, and eight new active BcUGTs were obtained. Biochemical analyses showed that most of the active BcUGTs had broad substrate spectra; however, substrates lacking 5-OH were rarely catalyzed. Real-time quantitative PCR results further indicated that the transcriptional levels of BcUGTs were remarkably induced by Cu2+. Our study increases the understanding of UGTs and isoflavone biosynthesis in non-legume plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Zhang
- Department of Resources Science of Traditional Chinese Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Modern Traditional Chinese Medicines (Ministry of Education), China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yan Zhu
- Department of Resources Science of Traditional Chinese Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Modern Traditional Chinese Medicines (Ministry of Education), China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jun Ye
- Department of Resources Science of Traditional Chinese Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Modern Traditional Chinese Medicines (Ministry of Education), China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ziyu Ye
- Department of Resources Science of Traditional Chinese Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Modern Traditional Chinese Medicines (Ministry of Education), China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ruirui Zhu
- Department of Resources Science of Traditional Chinese Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Modern Traditional Chinese Medicines (Ministry of Education), China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Guoyong Xie
- Department of Resources Science of Traditional Chinese Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Modern Traditional Chinese Medicines (Ministry of Education), China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yucheng Zhao
- Department of Resources Science of Traditional Chinese Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Modern Traditional Chinese Medicines (Ministry of Education), China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Minjian Qin
- Department of Resources Science of Traditional Chinese Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Modern Traditional Chinese Medicines (Ministry of Education), China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Ge C, Wang YG, Lu S, Zhao XY, Hou BK, Balint-Kurti PJ, Wang GF. Multi-Omics Analyses Reveal the Regulatory Network and the Function of Zm UGTs in Maize Defense Response. Front Plant Sci 2021; 12:738261. [PMID: 34630489 PMCID: PMC8497902 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.738261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Maize is one of the major crops in the world; however, diseases caused by various pathogens seriously affect its yield and quality. The maize Rp1-D21 mutant (mt) caused by the intragenic recombination between two nucleotide-binding, leucine-rich repeat (NLR) proteins, exhibits autoactive hypersensitive response (HR). In this study, we integrated transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and differentially accumulated metabolites (DAMs) in Rp1-D21 mt compared to the wild type (WT). Genes involved in pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP)-triggered immunity (PTI) and effector-triggered immunity (ETI) were enriched among the DEGs. The salicylic acid (SA) pathway and the phenylpropanoid biosynthesis pathway were induced at both the transcriptional and metabolic levels. The DAMs identified included lipids, flavones, and phenolic acids, including 2,5-DHBA O-hexoside, the production of which is catalyzed by uridinediphosphate (UDP)-dependent glycosyltransferase (UGT). Four maize UGTs (ZmUGTs) homologous genes were among the DEGs. Functional analysis by transient co-expression in Nicotiana benthamiana showed that ZmUGT9250 and ZmUGT5174, but not ZmUGT9256 and ZmUGT8707, partially suppressed the HR triggered by Rp1-D21 or its N-terminal coiled-coil signaling domain (CCD21). None of the four ZmUGTs interacted physically with CCD21 in yeast two-hybrid or co-immunoprecipitation assays. We discuss the possibility that ZmUGTs might be involved in defense response by regulating SA homeostasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chunxia Ge
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
- School of Public Health and Management, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Yi-Ge Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Shouping Lu
- Maize Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Xiang Yu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Bing-Kai Hou
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Peter J. Balint-Kurti
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
- US Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Plant Science Research Unit, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Guan-Feng Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
- *Correspondence: Guan-Feng Wang
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Cheng Y, Li Y, Li W, Song Y, Zeng R, Lu K. Inhibition of hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 confers imidacloprid resistance in Nilaparvata lugens via the activation of cytochrome P450 and UDP-glycosyltransferase genes. Chemosphere 2021; 263:128269. [PMID: 33297213 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Increasing evidence indicates that insect resistance to synthesized insecticides is regulated by the nuclear receptors. However, the underlying mechanisms of this regulation are not clear. Here, we demonstrate that inhibition of hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 (HNF4) confers imidacloprid resistance in the brown planthopper (BPH) Nilaparvata lugens by regulating cytochrome P450 and UDP-glycosyltransferase (UGT) genes. An imidacloprid-resistant strain (Res) exhibited a 251.69-fold resistance to imidacloprid in comparison to the susceptible counterpart (Sus) was obtained by successive selection with imidacloprid. The expression level of HNF4 in the Res strain was lower than that in Sus, and knockdown of HNF4 by RNA interference significantly enhanced the resistance of BPH to imidacloprid. Comparative transcriptomic analysis identified 1400 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the HNF4-silenced BPHs compared to controls. Functional enrichment analysis showed that cytochrome P450- and UGT-mediated metabolic detoxification pathways were enriched by the up-regulated DEGs after HNF4 knockdown. Among of them, UGT-1-7, UGT-2B10 and CYP6ER1 were found to be over-expressed in the Res strain, and knockdown of either gene significantly decreased the resistance of BPH to imidacloprid. This study increases our understanding of molecular mechanisms involved in the regulation of insecticide resistance and also provides potential targets for pest management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yibei Cheng
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, PR China
| | - Yimin Li
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, PR China
| | - Wenru Li
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, PR China
| | - Yuanyuan Song
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, PR China
| | - Rensen Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, PR China.
| | - Kai Lu
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Jing T, Zhang N, Gao T, Wu Y, Zhao M, Jin J, Du W, Schwab W, Song C. UGT85A53 promotes flowering via mediating abscisic acid glucosylation and FLC transcription in Camellia sinensis. J Exp Bot 2020; 71:7018-7029. [PMID: 32777072 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eraa373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Uridine diphosphate (UDP)-dependent glycosyltransferases catalyse the glycosylation of small molecules and play important roles in maintaining cell homeostasis and regulating plant development. Glycosyltransferases are widely distributed, but their detailed roles in regulating plant growth and development are largely unknown. In this study, we identified a UDP-glycosyltransferase, UGT85A53, from Camellia sinensis, the expression of which was strongly induced by various abiotic stress factors and its protein product was distributed in both the cytoplasm and nucleus. Ectopic overexpression of CsUGT85A53 in Arabidopsis resulted in an early-flowering phenotype under both long- and short-day conditions. The transcript accumulation of the flowering repressor genes FLC and ABI5, an activator of FLC in ABA-regulated flowering signaling, were both significantly decreased in transgenic Arabidopsis compared with wild-type plants. The decreased expression level of FLC might be associated with an increased level of DNA methylation that was observed in CsUGT85A53-overexpressing (OE) plants. Biochemical analyses showed that CsUGT85A53 could glucosylate ABA to form inactive ABA-glycoside in vitro and in planta. Overexpression of CsUGT85A53 in Arabidopsis resulted in a decreased concentration of free ABA and increased concentration of ABA-glucoside. The early-flowering phenotype in the CsUGT85A53-OE transgenic lines was restored by ABA application. Furthermore, CsUGT85A53-OE plants displayed an ABA-insensitive phenotype with higher germination rates compared with controls in the presence of low concentrations of exogenous ABA. Our findings are the first to identify a UGT in tea plants that catalyses ABA glucosylation and enhance flowering transition as a positive regulator.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Jing
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, International Joint Laboratory on Tea Chemistry and Health Effects, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, P. R. China
| | - Na Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, International Joint Laboratory on Tea Chemistry and Health Effects, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, P. R. China
| | - Ting Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, International Joint Laboratory on Tea Chemistry and Health Effects, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, P. R. China
| | - Yi Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, International Joint Laboratory on Tea Chemistry and Health Effects, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, P. R. China
| | - Mingyue Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, International Joint Laboratory on Tea Chemistry and Health Effects, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, P. R. China
| | - Jieyang Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, International Joint Laboratory on Tea Chemistry and Health Effects, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, P. R. China
| | - Wenkai Du
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, International Joint Laboratory on Tea Chemistry and Health Effects, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, P. R. China
| | - Wilfried Schwab
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, International Joint Laboratory on Tea Chemistry and Health Effects, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, P. R. China
- Biotechnology of Natural Products, Technische Universität München, Liesel-Beckmann-Str., Freising, Germany
| | - Chuankui Song
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, International Joint Laboratory on Tea Chemistry and Health Effects, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Israni B, Wouters FC, Luck K, Seibel E, Ahn SJ, Paetz C, Reinert M, Vogel H, Erb M, Heckel DG, Gershenzon J, Vassão DG. The Fall Armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda Utilizes Specific UDP-Glycosyltransferases to Inactivate Maize Defensive Benzoxazinoids. Front Physiol 2020; 11:604754. [PMID: 33408643 PMCID: PMC7781194 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.604754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The relationship between plants and insects is continuously evolving, and many insects rely on biochemical strategies to mitigate the effects of toxic chemicals in their food plants, allowing them to feed on well-defended plants. Spodoptera frugiperda, the fall armyworm (FAW), accepts a number of plants as hosts, and has particular success on plants of the Poaceae family such as maize, despite their benzoxazinoid (BXD) defenses. BXDs stored as inert glucosides are converted into toxic aglucones by plant glucosidases upon herbivory. DIMBOA, the main BXD aglucone released by maize leaves, can be stereoselectively re-glucosylated by UDP-glycosyltransferases (UGTs) in the insect gut, rendering it non-toxic. Here, we identify UGTs involved in BXD detoxification by FAW larvae and examine how RNAi-mediated manipulation of the larval glucosylation capacity toward the major maize BXD, DIMBOA, affects larval growth. Our findings highlight the involvement of members of two major UGT families, UGT33 and UGT40, in the glycosylation of BXDs. Most of the BXD excretion in the frass occurs in the form of glucosylated products. Furthermore, the DIMBOA-associated activity was enriched in the gut tissue, with a single conserved UGT33 enzyme (SfUGT33F28) being dedicated to DIMBOA re-glucosylation in the FAW gut. The knock-down of its encoding gene reduces larval performance in a strain-specific manner. This study thus reveals that a single UGT enzyme is responsible for detoxification of the major maize-defensive BXD in this pest insect.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bhawana Israni
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany
| | - Felipe C Wouters
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany.,Department of Chemistry, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Katrin Luck
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany
| | - Elena Seibel
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany
| | - Seung-Joon Ahn
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Entomology and Plant Pathology, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, United States
| | | | | | - Heiko Vogel
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany
| | - Matthias Erb
- Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - David G Heckel
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Kellerová P, Navrátilová M, Nguyen LT, Dimunová D, Raisová Stuchlíková L, Štěrbová K, Skálová L, Matoušková P. UDP-Glycosyltransferases and Albendazole Metabolism in the Juvenile Stages of Haemonchus contortus. Front Physiol 2020; 11:594116. [PMID: 33324241 PMCID: PMC7726322 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.594116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The nematode Haemonchus contortus, a gastrointestinal parasite of ruminants, can severely burden livestock production. Although anthelmintics are the mainstay in the treatment of haemonchosis, their efficacy diminishes due to drug-resistance development in H. contortus. An increased anthelmintics inactivation via biotransformation belongs to a significant drug-resistance mechanism in H. contortus. UDP-glycosyltransferases (UGTs) participate in the metabolic inactivation of anthelmintics and other xenobiotic substrates through their conjugation with activated sugar, which drives the elimination of the xenobiotics due to enhanced solubility. The UGTs family, in terms of the biotransformation of commonly used anthelmintics, has been well described in adults as a target stage. In contrast, the free-living juvenile stages of H. contortus have attracted less attention. The expression of UGTs considerably varies throughout the life cycle of the juvenile nematodes, suggesting their different roles. Furthermore, the constitutive expression in a susceptible strain with two resistant strains shows several resistance-related changes in UGTs expression, and the exposure of juvenile stages of H. contortus to albendazole (ABZ) and ABZ-sulfoxide (ABZSO; in sublethal concentrations) leads to the increased expression of several UGTs. The anthelmintic drug ABZ and its primary metabolite ABZSO biotransformation, tested in the juvenile stages, shows significant differences between susceptible and resistant strain. Moreover, higher amounts of glycosidated metabolites of ABZ are formed in the resistant strain. Our results show similarly, as in adults, the UGTs and glycosidations significant for resistance-related differences in ABZ biotransformation and warrant further investigation in their individual functions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pavlína Kellerová
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Biochemical Sciences, Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czechia
| | - Martina Navrátilová
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Biochemical Sciences, Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czechia
| | - Linh Thuy Nguyen
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Biochemical Sciences, Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czechia
| | - Diana Dimunová
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Biochemical Sciences, Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czechia
| | - Lucie Raisová Stuchlíková
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Biochemical Sciences, Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czechia
| | - Karolína Štěrbová
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Biochemical Sciences, Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czechia
| | - Lenka Skálová
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Biochemical Sciences, Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czechia
| | - Petra Matoušková
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Biochemical Sciences, Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czechia
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
van der Mey D, Gerisch M, Jungmann NA, Kaiser A, Yoshikawa K, Schulz S, Radtke M, Lentini S. Drug-drug interaction of atazanavir on UGT1A1-mediated glucuronidation of molidustat in human. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2020; 128:511-524. [PMID: 33232579 PMCID: PMC7983974 DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.13538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Molidustat is an oral inhibitor of hypoxia‐inducible factor (HIF) prolyl‐hydroxylase enhancing the erythropoietin (EPO) response to HIF; it is in clinical development for the treatment of anaemia related to chronic kidney disease. The predominant role of glucuronidation for molidustat clearance (formation of N‐glucuronide metabolite M1) and subsequent renal excretion was confirmed in a human mass balance study, with about 85% of the drug being excreted as M1 in urine. The inhibitory effects of 176 drugs and xenobiotics from various compound classes on the UGT‐mediated glucuronidation of molidustat in human liver microsomes (HLMs) were investigated. Based on preclinical findings, glucuronidation of molidustat was predominantly mediated by the 5'‐diphospho‐glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) isoform UGT1A1. Therefore, atazanavir, which is a potent inhibitor of UGT1A1, was chosen for the evaluation of pharmacokinetics and EPO release following a single oral dose of 25 mg molidustat. Molidustat exposure increased about twofold upon coadministration with atazanavir when considering area under plasma concentration‐time curve from zero to infinity (AUC) and maximum plasma concentration (Cmax). Baseline‐corrected increase of EPO was 14% and 34% for Cmax and AUC (calculated over 24 hours), respectively. Coadministration of molidustat and atazanavir was well tolerated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dorina van der Mey
- Clinical Pharmacology Cardiovascular/Haematology, Translational Sciences, Research & Development, Bayer AG, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Michael Gerisch
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Translational Sciences, Research & Development, Bayer AG, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Natalia A Jungmann
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Translational Sciences, Research & Development, Bayer AG, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Andreas Kaiser
- Statistics and Data Insights, Data Sciences & Analytics, Research & Development, Bayer AG, Berlin, Germany
| | - Kenichi Yoshikawa
- Clinical Pharmacology, Clinical Sciences, Research & Development, Bayer Yakuhin Ltd, Osaka, Japan
| | - Simone Schulz
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Translational Sciences, Research & Development, Bayer AG, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Martin Radtke
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Translational Sciences, Research & Development, Bayer AG, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Silvia Lentini
- Clinical Pharmacology Cardiovascular/Haematology, Translational Sciences, Research & Development, Bayer AG, Wuppertal, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Doan TNK, Vo DK, Kim H, Balla A, Lee Y, Yoon IS, Maeng HJ. Differential Effects of 1α,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D 3 on the Expressions and Functions of Hepatic CYP and UGT Enzymes and Its Pharmacokinetic Consequences In Vivo. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:pharmaceutics12111129. [PMID: 33238436 PMCID: PMC7700423 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12111129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The compound 1α,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D3) is the active form of vitamin D3 and a representative ligand of the vitamin D receptor (VDR). Previous studies have described the impacts of 1,25(OH)2D3 on a small number of cytochrome P450 (CYP) and uridine diphosphate-glucuronyltransferase (UGT) enzymes, but comparatively little is known about interactions between several important CYP and UGT isoforms and 1,25(OH)2D3 in vitro and/or in vivo. Thus, we investigated the effects of 1,25(OH)2D3 on the gene and protein expressions and functional activities of selected CYPs and UGTs and their impacts on drug pharmacokinetics in rats. The mRNA/protein expressions of Cyp2b1 and Cyp2c11 were downregulated in rat liver by 1,25(OH)2D3. Consistently, the in vitro metabolic kinetics (Vmax and CLint) of BUP (bupropion; a Cyp2b1 substrate) and TOL (tolbutamide; a Cyp2c11 substrate) were significantly changed by 1,25(OH)2D3 treatment in liver microsomes, but the kinetics of acetaminophen (an Ugt1a6/1a7/1a8 substrate) remained unaffected, consistent with Western blotting data for Ugt1a6. In rat pharmacokinetic studies, the total body clearance (CL) and nonrenal clearance (CLNR) of BUP were significantly reduced by 1,25(OH)2D3, but unexpectedly, the total area under the plasma concentration versus time curve from time zero to infinity (AUC) of hydroxybupropion (HBUP) was increased probably due to a marked reduction in the renal clearance (CLR) of HBUP. Additionally, the AUC, CL, and CLNR for TOL and the AUC for 4-hydroxytolbutamide (HTOL) were unaffected by 1,25(OH)2D3 in vivo. Discrepancies between observed in vitro metabolic activity and in vivo pharmacokinetics of TOL were possibly due to a greater apparent distribution volume at the steady-state (Vss) and lower plasma protein binding in 1,25(OH)2D3-treated rats. Our results suggest possible drug-drug and drug-nutrient interactions and provide additional information concerning safe drug combinations and dosing regimens for patients taking VDR ligand drugs including 1,25(OH)2D3.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Trang Nguyen Kieu Doan
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, Incheon 21936, Korea; (T.N.K.D.); (D.-K.V.); (A.B.)
| | - Dang-Khoa Vo
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, Incheon 21936, Korea; (T.N.K.D.); (D.-K.V.); (A.B.)
| | - Hyojung Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon 16419, Korea; (H.K.); (Y.L.)
| | - Anusha Balla
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, Incheon 21936, Korea; (T.N.K.D.); (D.-K.V.); (A.B.)
| | - Yunjong Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon 16419, Korea; (H.K.); (Y.L.)
| | - In-Soo Yoon
- Department of Manufacturing Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea
- Correspondence: (I.-S.Y.); (H.-J.M.); Tel.: +82-51-510-2806 (I.-S.Y.); +82-32-820-4935 (H.-J.M.)
| | - Han-Joo Maeng
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, Incheon 21936, Korea; (T.N.K.D.); (D.-K.V.); (A.B.)
- Correspondence: (I.-S.Y.); (H.-J.M.); Tel.: +82-51-510-2806 (I.-S.Y.); +82-32-820-4935 (H.-J.M.)
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Basit A, Neradugomma NK, Wolford C, Fan PW, Murray B, Takahashi RH, Khojasteh SC, Smith BJ, Heyward S, Totah RA, Kelly EJ, Prasad B. Characterization of Differential Tissue Abundance of Major Non-CYP Enzymes in Human. Mol Pharm 2020; 17:4114-4124. [PMID: 32955894 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.0c00559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The availability of assays that predict the contribution of cytochrome P450 (CYP) metabolism allows for the design of new chemical entities (NCEs) with minimal oxidative metabolism. These NCEs are often substrates of non-CYP drug-metabolizing enzymes (DMEs), such as UDP-glucuronosyltransferases (UGTs), sulfotransferases (SULTs), carboxylesterases (CESs), and aldehyde oxidase (AO). Nearly 30% of clinically approved drugs are metabolized by non-CYP enzymes. However, knowledge about the differential hepatic versus extrahepatic abundance of non-CYP DMEs is limited. In this study, we detected and quantified the protein abundance of eighteen non-CYP DMEs (AO, CES1 and 2, ten UGTs, and five SULTs) across five different human tissues. AO was most abundantly expressed in the liver and to a lesser extent in the kidney; however, it was not detected in the intestine, heart, or lung. CESs were ubiquitously expressed with CES1 being predominant in the liver, while CES2 was enriched in the small intestine. Consistent with the literature, UGT1A4, UGT2B4, and UGT2B15 demonstrated liver-specific expression, whereas UGT1A10 expression was specific to the intestine. UGT1A1 and UGT1A3 were expressed in both the liver and intestine; UGT1A9 was expressed in the liver and kidney; and UGT2B17 levels were significantly higher in the intestine than in the liver. All five SULTs were detected in the liver and intestine, and SULT1A1 and 1A3 were detected in the lung. Kidney abundance was the most variable among the studied tissues, and overall, high interindividual variability (>15-fold) was observed for UGT2B17, CES2 (intestine), SULT1A1 (liver), UGT1A9, UGT2B7, and CES1 (kidney). These differential tissue abundance data can be integrated into physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models for the prediction of non-CYP drug metabolism and toxicity in hepatic and extrahepatic tissues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Basit
- College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, Washington 99202, United States
| | - Naveen K Neradugomma
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Christopher Wolford
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Peter W Fan
- Department of Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics and Drug Metabolism Merck & Co., Inc., 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Bernard Murray
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics Department, Gilead Sciences Inc., 324 Lakeside Drive, Foster City, California 94404, United States
| | - Ryan H Takahashi
- Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, MS 412a, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - S Cyrus Khojasteh
- Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, MS 412a, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Bill J Smith
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics Department, Gilead Sciences Inc., 324 Lakeside Drive, Foster City, California 94404, United States
| | - Scott Heyward
- BioIVT Inc., Baltimore, Maryland 21227, United States
| | - Rheem A Totah
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Edward J Kelly
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Bhagwat Prasad
- College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, Washington 99202, United States
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Kim JH, Kim DK, Choi WG, Ji HY, Choi JS, Song IS, Lee S, Lee HS. In Vitro Metabolism of DWP16001, a Novel Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitor, in Human and Animal Hepatocytes. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:E865. [PMID: 32932946 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12090865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 08/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
DWP16001 is currently in a phase 2 clinical trial as a novel anti-diabetes drug for the treatment of type 2 diabetes by selective inhibition of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2. This in vitro study was performed to compare the metabolism of DWP16001 in human, dog, monkey, mouse, and rat hepatocytes, and the drug-metabolizing enzymes responsible for the metabolism of DWP16001 were characterized using recombinant human cytochrome 450 (CYP) and UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) enzymes expressed from cDNAs. The hepatic extraction ratio of DWP16001 in five species ranged from 0.15 to 0.56, suggesting that DWP16001 may be subject to species-dependent and weak-to-moderate hepatic metabolism. Five phase I metabolites (M1–M5) produced by oxidation as well as three DWP16001 glucuronides (U1–U3) and two hydroxy-DWP16001 (M1) glucuronides (U4, U5), were identified from hepatocytes incubated with DWP16001 by liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry. In human hepatocytes, M1, M2, M3, U1, and U2 were identified. Formation of M1 and M2 from DWP16001 was catalyzed by CYP3A4 and CYP2C19. M3 was produced by hydroxylation of M1, while M4 was produced by hydroxylation of M2; both hydroxylation reactions were catalyzed by CYP3A4. The formation of U1 was catalyzed by UGT2B7, but UGT1A4, UGT1A9, and UGT2B7 contributed to the formation of U2. In conclusion, DWP16001 is a substrate for CYP3A4, CYP2C19, UGT1A4, UGT1A9, and UGT2B7 enzymes. Overall, DWP16001 is weakly metabolized in human hepatocytes, but there is a potential for the pharmacokinetic modulation and drug–drug interactions, involved in the responsible metabolizing enzymes of DWP16001 in humans.
Collapse
|
49
|
Choi SM, Kim Y, Lee J, Kim JH, Lee T, Min BS, Kim JA, Lee S. Characterization of hydrocoptisonine metabolites in human liver microsomes using a high-resolution quadrupole-orbitrap mass spectrometer. Xenobiotica 2020; 50:1423-1433. [PMID: 32654586 DOI: 10.1080/00498254.2020.1795304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Hydrocoptisonine is a new compound that has been isolated from the rhizomes of Coptis chinensis, which belongs to the Ranunculaceae family of Chinese medicines. Although studies on C. chinensis have been reported, the metabolic pathway of hydrocoptisonine in human liver microsomes (HLMs) remains unelucidated. We identified 13 metabolites in HLMs, including six Phase I metabolites and seven glucuronide conjugates, using a high-resolution quadrupole-orbitrap mass spectrometer. The major metabolic pathway was the O-demethylation and mono-hydroxylation of hydrocoptisonine in HLMs. Notably, M3 metabolite was O-demethylated in dioxolane structures (cyclohexa-3,5-diene-1,2-dione), which was mediated by cytochrome P450 1A2. The locations of hydroxylation and hydroxyl-glucuronidation were identified by analyzing the signature fragments generated as a result of tandem mass spectrometry, indicating hydroxylation at an aliphatic chain or aromatic ring. We determined whether the hydroxylation and glucuronidation occurred in an aromatic moiety (M5 and M12) or an aliphatic moiety (M6 and M13), respectively, based on signature fragments of the metabolites.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Su Min Choi
- BK21 Plus KNU Multi-Omics-based Creative Drug Research Team, College of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Younah Kim
- BK21 Plus KNU Multi-Omics-based Creative Drug Research Team, College of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaeick Lee
- Doping Control Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju-Hyun Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Taeho Lee
- BK21 Plus KNU Multi-Omics-based Creative Drug Research Team, College of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Sun Min
- College of Pharmacy, Drug Research and Development Center, Daegu Catholic University, Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Ah Kim
- BK21 Plus KNU Multi-Omics-based Creative Drug Research Team, College of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangkyu Lee
- BK21 Plus KNU Multi-Omics-based Creative Drug Research Team, College of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Öeren M, Walton PJ, Hunt PA, Ponting DJ, Segall MD. Predicting reactivity to drug metabolism: beyond P450s-modelling FMOs and UGTs. J Comput Aided Mol Des 2020; 35:541-555. [PMID: 32533369 DOI: 10.1007/s10822-020-00321-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 06/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We present a study based on density functional theory calculations to explore the rate limiting steps of product formation for oxidation by Flavin-containing Monooxygenase (FMO) and glucuronidation by the UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) family of enzymes. FMOs are responsible for the modification phase of metabolism of a wide diversity of drugs, working in conjunction with Cytochrome P450 (CYP) family of enzymes, and UGTs are the most important class of drug conjugation enzymes. Reactivity calculations are important for prediction of metabolism by CYPs and reactivity alone explains around 70-85% of the experimentally observed sites of metabolism within CYP substrates. In the current work we extend this approach to propose model systems which can be used to calculate the activation energies, i.e. reactivity, for the rate-limiting steps for both FMO oxidation and glucuronidation of potential sites of metabolism. These results are validated by comparison with the experimentally observed reaction rates and sites of metabolism, indicating that the presented models are suitable to provide the basis of a reactivity component within generalizable models to predict either FMO or UGT metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mario Öeren
- Optibrium Limited, Cambridge Innovation Park, Denny End Road, Cambridge, CB25 9PB, UK.
| | - Peter J Walton
- Optibrium Limited, Cambridge Innovation Park, Denny End Road, Cambridge, CB25 9PB, UK.,School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Peter A Hunt
- Optibrium Limited, Cambridge Innovation Park, Denny End Road, Cambridge, CB25 9PB, UK
| | - David J Ponting
- Lhasa Limited, Granary Wharf House, 2 Canal Wharf, Leeds, LS11 5PS, UK
| | - Matthew D Segall
- Optibrium Limited, Cambridge Innovation Park, Denny End Road, Cambridge, CB25 9PB, UK
| |
Collapse
|