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Struckmeier AK, Eichhorn P, Agaimy A, Buchbender M, Moest T, Lutz R, Kesting M. Comparison of the 7th and revised 8th UICC editions (2020) for oral squamous cell carcinoma: How does the reclassification impact staging and survival? Virchows Arch 2024:10.1007/s00428-023-03727-y. [PMID: 38191928 DOI: 10.1007/s00428-023-03727-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
Since its introduction in 1968, the TNM (tumor, node, metastasis) classification established by the International Union Against Cancer has provided a consistent framework for staging of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). The introduction of the 8th edition in 2017 brought about significant modifications, encompassing the integration of depth of invasion (DOI) and extranodal extension (ENE) into the T and N classifications. Further, the UICC the criteria for the T3 and T4a categories were amended in 2020. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of reclassification on staging and, subsequently, the survival of patients with OSCC. Primary OSCCs from 391 patients were classified according to the 7th and revised 8th UICC editions (2020). Stage migration was assessed, and stage-specific progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were evaluated using the Kaplan-Meier method. The log-rank test was used to compare the different stages. Cox-proportional hazard modeling was used to compare the two editions. Incorporating the DOI into the T classification resulted in an upstaging of 77 patients, constituting 19.69% of the cohort. In addition, 49 (12.53%) patients experienced an upstaging when considering ENE in the N classification. Consequently, 103 patients underwent upstaging in UICC staging, accounting for 21.74% of cases. Upstaging mainly occurred from stage III to IVA (26.92%) and from stage IVA to IVB (31.78%). Upon comparing the categories in survival analysis, significant differences in OS and PFS were especially observed between stage IVB and lower stages. When examining the hazard ratios, it became evident that UICC 8 stage IVB is burdened by a 5.59-fold greater risk of disease progression than stage I. Furthermore, UICC 8 stage IVB exhibits a 3.83 times higher likelihood of death than stage I disease. We demonstrated significant stage migration from the 7th to the revised 8th UICC edition. Overall, incorporating DOI and ENE into the T and N classifications represents a substantial clinical advancement, leading to a more accurate staging of OSCC patients. Both staging systems exhibited statistically significant discrimination between stages; however, the 8th UICC edition allowed for a more precise categorization of patients based on their prognosis and led to enhanced hazard discrimination, particularly within higher stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann-Kristin Struckmeier
- Department of Oral and Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Glückstraße 11, 91054, Erlangen, Germany.
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-European Metropolitan Area of Nuremberg (CCC ER-EMN), Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Philip Eichhorn
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-European Metropolitan Area of Nuremberg (CCC ER-EMN), Erlangen, Germany
- Institute of Pathology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Abbas Agaimy
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-European Metropolitan Area of Nuremberg (CCC ER-EMN), Erlangen, Germany
- Institute of Pathology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Mayte Buchbender
- Department of Oral and Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Glückstraße 11, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-European Metropolitan Area of Nuremberg (CCC ER-EMN), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Tobias Moest
- Department of Oral and Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Glückstraße 11, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-European Metropolitan Area of Nuremberg (CCC ER-EMN), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Rainer Lutz
- Department of Oral and Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Glückstraße 11, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-European Metropolitan Area of Nuremberg (CCC ER-EMN), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Marco Kesting
- Department of Oral and Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Glückstraße 11, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-European Metropolitan Area of Nuremberg (CCC ER-EMN), Erlangen, Germany
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Chen T, Zhong Y, Wen J, Deng J, She Y, Zhu Y, Chen Q, Wu C, Hou L, Jiang L, Chen C. Prognostic Significance of the Proposed Residual Tumor Classification in Patients With NSCLC After Sleeve Lobectomy. JTO Clin Res Rep 2023; 4:100574. [PMID: 37822700 PMCID: PMC10563046 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtocrr.2023.100574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction To validate the residual tumor (R) classification proposed by the International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer (IASLC) in NSCLC after sleeve lobectomy. Methods A total of 682 patients were analyzed. The R status, on the basis of the Union for International Cancer Control (UICC) criteria, was recategorized according to the IASLC descriptors. Recurrence-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS) among different R classifications were assessed for the entire cohort and pathologic node (pN) subgroups. Results All in all, 631 (92.5%), 48 (7.1%), and three patients (0.4%) were classified as R0, R1, and R2, respectively, by the UICC criteria, whereas 489 (71.7%), 110 (16.1%), and 83 patients (12.2%), received R0, uncertain resection (R[un]), and R1/2 resection, respectively, according to the IASLC criteria. There were 96 patients (15.2%) with UICC R0 who were reclassified as R(un), mainly because of the positive highest mediastinal node station (82 of 96, 85.4%). A total of 46 patients (7.3%) were reassigned from UICC R0 to IASLC R1/2 owing to extracapsular extension. For the entire cohort, patients with R(un) and R1/2 exhibited worse RFS (R[un], adjusted p = 0.023; R1/2, adjusted p = 0.001) and OS (R[un], adjusted p = 0.040; R1/2, adjusted p = 0.051) compared with R0. No significant differences were observed between R(un) and R1/2 (RFS, adjusted p = 0.586; OS, adjusted p = 0.781). Furthermore, subgroup analysis revealed a distinct prognostic impact of the IASLC R status-with prognostic significances in the pN1 and pN2 subgroups, but not in the pN0 subgroup. Conclusions The IASLC R descriptors helped to stratify the prognosis of NSCLC after sleeve lobectomy, with its prognostic impact varied among pN stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yifan Zhong
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Jialiang Wen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiajun Deng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunlang She
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuming Zhu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiankun Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunyan Wu
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Likun Hou
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Jiang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Chang Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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Nagesh M, Gowtham S, Bharadwaj B, Ali M, Goud AK, Siddiqua S. Evolution of TNM Classification for Clinical Staging of Oral Cancer: The Past, Present and the Future. J Maxillofac Oral Surg 2023; 22:710-719. [PMID: 37534341 PMCID: PMC10390384 DOI: 10.1007/s12663-023-01915-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose The AJCC (American Joint Committee on Cancer) Cancer Staging Manual, 1st Edition, was published in 1977 which focused on the TNM classification and staging of cancer to allow easy communication, formulation of a treatment plan and predict the prognosis, among the medical fraternity. Methods Ever since the beginning, various modifications of the classification were introduced and released by the joint collaboration of AJCC and UICC (International Union Against Cancer) in various editions of cancer staging manuals. Results The present review article was kept focused onto the changes introduced in the clinical staging of cancers of oral cavity. These changes came a long way since 1st edition 1944, to the eighth edition which was published in 2017. Conclusions This article is a critical review on the past and present perspectives of the TNM classification of the oral cavity that were addressed and changed, adding a light on the future trends or necessary inclusions that would formulate a much easily acceptable and useful classification system.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Nagesh
- Department of OMFS, Sri Balaji Dental College, Moinabad, Hyderabad, India
| | - S. Gowtham
- Department of OMFS, Sri Balaji Dental College, Moinabad, Hyderabad, India
| | - B. Bharadwaj
- Department of OMFS, Sri Balaji Dental College, Moinabad, Hyderabad, India
| | - Mohsin Ali
- Department of OMFS, Sri Balaji Dental College, Moinabad, Hyderabad, India
| | - Arjun Kumar Goud
- Department of OMFS, Sri Balaji Dental College, Moinabad, Hyderabad, India
| | - Sara Siddiqua
- Department of OMFS, Sri Balaji Dental College, Moinabad, Hyderabad, India
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Hamura R, Haruki K, Fujiwara Y, Tsunematsu M, Shirai Y, Furukawa K, Onda S, Gocho T, Shiba H, Uwagawa T, Usuba T, Fujioka S, Okamoto T, Ikegami T. The effectiveness of adjuvant chemotherapy for Stage I pancreatic cancer based on the UICC 8 th edition. Langenbecks Arch Surg 2022; 407:3437-3446. [PMID: 36173461 DOI: 10.1007/s00423-022-02686-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adjuvant chemotherapy is recommended for patients with pancreatic cancer after curative resection. However, there is limited evidence regarding the efficacy and prognostic factors for adjuvant chemotherapy in patients with stage I pancreatic cancer. This study aimed to identify patients in whom chemotherapy was effective and to detect prognostic factors for stage I pancreatic cancer based on guidelines of the 8th edition of the Union for International Cancer Control (UICC). METHODS Between 2009 and 2017, 108 patients diagnosed with stage I pancreatic cancer were enrolled in this study. They were distributed into invasion (n = 68) and non-invasion (n = 40) groups. The relationship between clinicopathological variables, including various prognostic factors, disease-free survival (DFS), and overall survival (OS), were investigated by univariate and multivariate analyses. RESULTS Five-year survival in all patients with stage I pancreatic cancer was 38.9%. Adjuvant chemotherapy failed to improve DFS or OS in patients with stage I cancer (DFS, p = 0.26; OS, p = 0.30). In subgroup analysis, adjuvant chemotherapy significantly improved DFS (multivariate-adjusted hazard ratio (HR), 0.40; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.21-0.78; p = 0.007) and OS (multivariate-adjusted HR, 0.32; 95% CI, 0.15-0.68; p = 0.003) in the invasion group than in non-invasion group. In contrast, in the non-invasion group, adjuvant chemotherapy failed to improve DFS and OS in univariate analysis (DFS, p = 0.992; OS, p = 0.808). CONCLUSION For stage I pancreatic cancer, based on guidelines of the UICC 8th edition, adjuvant chemotherapy may benefit patients with extrapancreatic invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryoga Hamura
- Department of Surgery, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8, Nishi-Shinbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8461, Japan
| | - Koichiro Haruki
- Department of Surgery, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8, Nishi-Shinbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8461, Japan.
| | - Yuki Fujiwara
- Department of Surgery, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8, Nishi-Shinbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8461, Japan
| | - Masashi Tsunematsu
- Department of Surgery, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8, Nishi-Shinbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8461, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Shirai
- Department of Surgery, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8, Nishi-Shinbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8461, Japan
| | - Kenei Furukawa
- Department of Surgery, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8, Nishi-Shinbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8461, Japan
| | - Shinji Onda
- Department of Surgery, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8, Nishi-Shinbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8461, Japan
| | - Takeshi Gocho
- Department of Surgery, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8, Nishi-Shinbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8461, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Shiba
- Department of Surgery, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8, Nishi-Shinbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8461, Japan
| | - Tadashi Uwagawa
- Department of Surgery, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8, Nishi-Shinbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8461, Japan
| | - Teruyuki Usuba
- Department of Surgery, The Jikei University Katsushika Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shuichi Fujioka
- Department of Surgery, The Jikei University Kashiwa Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Tomoyoshi Okamoto
- Department of Surgery, The Jikei University Daisan Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toru Ikegami
- Department of Surgery, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8, Nishi-Shinbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8461, Japan
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Borsky K, Shah K, Cunnick G, Tsang-Wright F. Pattern of breast cancer presentation during the coronavirus disease pandemic: results from a cohort study in the UK. Future Oncol 2022; 18:437-443. [PMID: 35018787 PMCID: PMC8763213 DOI: 10.2217/fon-2021-0970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: This study aimed to explore the hypothesis that the stage of breast cancer at initial diagnosis in 2020 is more advanced compared with 2019. Methods: Tumor, node, metastasis and Union for International Cancer Control (UICC) stages of new breast cancer diagnoses at the Bucks Breast Unit from May to October 2019 and 2020 were reviewed. A p < 0.05 was considered significant. Results: Average UICC stage increased from 1a in 2019 to 2a in 2020 (p < 0.01). Excluding cancers detected through screening, UICC stage still increased from 1b in 2019 to 2a in 2020 (p = 0.0184). There was a significant increase in the percentage of node-positive patients (p = 0.0063) and patients with metastatic disease (p = 0.0295) on initial presentation. Conclusion: Overall, patients presented with higher UICC stages and more node-positive and metastatic disease on initial diagnosis in 2020 compared with 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim Borsky
- Bucks Breast Unit, Buckinghamshire Healthcare NHS Trust, High Wycombe, HP11 2TT, UK
| | - Ketan Shah
- Bucks Breast Unit, Buckinghamshire Healthcare NHS Trust, High Wycombe, HP11 2TT, UK
| | - Giles Cunnick
- Bucks Breast Unit, Buckinghamshire Healthcare NHS Trust, High Wycombe, HP11 2TT, UK
| | - Fiona Tsang-Wright
- Bucks Breast Unit, Buckinghamshire Healthcare NHS Trust, High Wycombe, HP11 2TT, UK
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Mercante G, Gaino F, Giannitto C, Ferreli F, De Virgilio A, Franzese C, Marrari A, Malvezzi L, Colombo G, Scorsetti M, Spriano G. Discrepancies between UICC and AJCC TNM classifications for oral cavity tumors in the 8th editions and following versions. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2021. [PMID: 34213607 DOI: 10.1007/s00405-021-06964-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To underline discrepancies between the Union for International Cancer Control (UICC) and the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) Tumor-Node-Metastasis (TNM) classifications in oral cavity cancer. METHODS Comparison between the UICC and AJCC TNM classifications of oral cavity cancer in their 8th editions and following versions. RESULTS The most important update was the introduction of the depth of infiltration (DOI), which reflects the proximity of the tumor to the underlying lymphovascular tissues and was associated to the presence of nodal metastases. Since the first publication of the 8th edition of the AJCC Cancer Staging Manual on March 30, 2017, two further versions have been published, while the UICC TNM classification was left unchanged until a document containing modifications to the 8th edition of the UICC TNM Classification of Malignant Tumours was published online on October 6, 2020. CONCLUSION Different versions of the TNM classification can be confounding for the scientific community. Citing the 8th edition of the UICC TNM Classification of Malignant Tumours or the AJCC Cancer Staging Manual without specifying the precise version used for classification may be insufficient. Clinicians and researchers are invited to always refer to the latest update of each classification.
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Torous VF, Oliva E. On the new (version 9) American Joint Committee on Cancer tumor, node, metastasis staging for cervical cancer-A commentary. Cancer Cytopathol 2021; 129:581-582. [PMID: 34161669 DOI: 10.1002/cncy.22486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vanda F Torous
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Esther Oliva
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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Ohwari K. Lecture No. 9 Investing in Asian healthcare market. Jpn J Clin Oncol 2021; 51:i35-i40. [PMID: 34002793 DOI: 10.1093/jjco/hyaa212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Keiichi Ohwari
- KPMG Healthcare Japan, Co., Ltd, Tokyo, Japan.,The University Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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Yoshimi S. Lecture No. 1 What significance do universities have in the era of digital knowledge? Jpn J Clin Oncol 2021; 51:i7-i8. [PMID: 34002779 DOI: 10.1093/jjco/hyaa261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Shunya Yoshimi
- Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Information Studies, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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Eiki N. Lecture No. 4 Cancer care in Asia from the perspective of latest developments in the US pharmaceutical industry. Jpn J Clin Oncol 2021; 51:i17-i20. [PMID: 34002778 DOI: 10.1093/jjco/hyaa270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Nakagama H. Lecture No. 7 Asia Health and Wellbeing Initiative (AHWIN) and implementation of cancer genomic medicine in Asian countries. Jpn J Clin Oncol 2021; 51:i28-i30. [PMID: 34002780 DOI: 10.1093/jjco/hyaa271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Matsuda T. Lecture No. 3 Current status and future outlook for collection of cancer-related data in Asia. Jpn J Clin Oncol 2021; 51:i14-i16. [PMID: 34002791 DOI: 10.1093/jjco/hyaa269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiro Matsuda
- Division of International Collaborative Research, Center for Public Health Sciences, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan
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Kawahara N. Lecture No. 11 What are the benefits of patient engagement and local community health? Jpn J Clin Oncol 2021; 51:i45-i49. [PMID: 34002785 DOI: 10.1093/jjco/hyaa213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Norie Kawahara
- The Public Relations Director for UICC-Japan, Specially Appointed Lecturer; University of Tokyo; Strategic Investigation on Comprehensive Cancer Network, Interfaculty Initiative in Information Studies, Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Information Studies
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Teshirogi I. Lecture No. 8What can public-private partnerships achieve for cancer treatment in Asia? Jpn J Clin Oncol 2021; 51:i31-i34. [PMID: 34002787 DOI: 10.1093/jjco/hyaa234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Kawahara N. The new significance of UHC for cancer in Asia in the era of data-driven cancer research. Jpn J Clin Oncol 2021; 51:i50-i51. [PMID: 34002788 DOI: 10.1093/jjco/hyab052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Norie Kawahara
- The Public Relations Director for UICC-Japan, Specially Appointed Lecturer; University of Tokyo; Strategic Investigation on Comprehensive Cancer Network, Interfaculty Initiative in Information Studies, Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Information Studies
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Masui T. Lecture No. 5Impact of Human Genome Research: 'Policy and Ethics'-its meaning in data sharing. Jpn J Clin Oncol 2021; 51:i21-i23. [PMID: 34002781 DOI: 10.1093/jjco/hyaa233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Tohru Masui
- Center for Medical Genetics, Keio School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,MGC, National Center for Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
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Affiliation(s)
- Keizo Takemi
- Member of the House of Councillors, WHO Goodwill Ambassador for UHC, Tokyo, Japan
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Reese T, Pagel G, Bause BA, von Rittberg Y, Wagner KC, Oldhafer KJ. Complex Liver Resections for Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10081672. [PMID: 33924732 PMCID: PMC8069912 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10081672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 04/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The only curative treatment option for intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (iCCA) is liver resection. Due to central tumor localization and vascular invasion, complex liver resections play an important role in curative treatment. However, the long-term outcomes after complex liver resection are not known. Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted for all patients undergoing liver surgery for iCCA. Complex liver resections included ante situm resections, associating liver partition and portal vein ligation for staged hepatectomy (ALPPS) and major liver resection with vascular reconstructions. Results: Forty-nine patients (34%) received complex liver resection, 66 patients (46%) received conventional liver resection and 28 patients (20%) were not resectable during exploration. Preoperative characteristics were not different between the groups, except for Union for International Cancer Control (UICC) stages. The postoperative course for complex liver resections was associated with more complications and perioperative mortality. However, long-term survival was not different between complex and conventional resections. Independent risk factors for survival were R0 resections and UICC stage. Four patients underwent ante situm resection without any mortality. Conclusions: Complex liver resections are justified in selected patients and survival is comparable with conventional liver resections. Survival in iCCA is affected by UICC stage or resections margins and not by the complexity of the case.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Reese
- Asklepios Campus Hamburg, Semmelweis University of Medicine, 20099 Hamburg, Germany;
- Department of Surgery, Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Asklepios Hospital Barmbek, Rübenkamp 220, 22291 Hamburg, Germany; (G.P.); (B.A.B.); (Y.v.R.); (K.C.W.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-40-18-18-822811
| | - Gregor Pagel
- Department of Surgery, Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Asklepios Hospital Barmbek, Rübenkamp 220, 22291 Hamburg, Germany; (G.P.); (B.A.B.); (Y.v.R.); (K.C.W.)
| | - Bettina A. Bause
- Department of Surgery, Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Asklepios Hospital Barmbek, Rübenkamp 220, 22291 Hamburg, Germany; (G.P.); (B.A.B.); (Y.v.R.); (K.C.W.)
| | - York von Rittberg
- Department of Surgery, Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Asklepios Hospital Barmbek, Rübenkamp 220, 22291 Hamburg, Germany; (G.P.); (B.A.B.); (Y.v.R.); (K.C.W.)
| | - Kim C. Wagner
- Department of Surgery, Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Asklepios Hospital Barmbek, Rübenkamp 220, 22291 Hamburg, Germany; (G.P.); (B.A.B.); (Y.v.R.); (K.C.W.)
| | - Karl J. Oldhafer
- Asklepios Campus Hamburg, Semmelweis University of Medicine, 20099 Hamburg, Germany;
- Department of Surgery, Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Asklepios Hospital Barmbek, Rübenkamp 220, 22291 Hamburg, Germany; (G.P.); (B.A.B.); (Y.v.R.); (K.C.W.)
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Lydiatt WM. Head and neck cancer staging: Balancing innovation with consistency. Cancer 2021; 127:1551-1552. [PMID: 33595837 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.33415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- William M Lydiatt
- Department of Surgery, Nebraska Methodist Hospital and Methodist Women's Hospital, Creighton University, Omaha, Nebraska
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Becker C, Hofauer BG, Mansour N, Ketterer MC, Schulz T, Knopf A. [The 8th edition of the TNM staging system-a curse or a blessing for oropharyngeal carcinoma?]. HNO 2021; 69:89-94. [PMID: 32385531 DOI: 10.1007/s00106-020-00875-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
At the beginning of 2017, the 8th edition of the TNM classification was presented. For oropharyngeal carcinoma, this was accompanied by a paradigm shift, as a separation of the classification depending on the association with human papillomavirus (HPV) status has been established. By considering the literature, this paper provides an overview of the characteristics of HPV-associated carcinomas, the new features of the TNM classification, and the existing points of discussion. The revision has improved the prognostic significance of the TNM classification; however, there are still tumor- and patient-dependent influencing factors that must be considered for future versions.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Becker
- Klinik für Hals-Nasen-Ohrenheilkunde, Kopf- und Halschirurgie, Universitätsklinikum Freiburg, Killianstraße 5, 79106, Freiburg, Deutschland.
| | - B G Hofauer
- Klinik für Hals-Nasen-Ohrenheilkunde, Kopf- und Halschirurgie, Universitätsklinikum Freiburg, Killianstraße 5, 79106, Freiburg, Deutschland
| | - N Mansour
- Klinik für Hals-Nasen-Ohrenheilkunde, Kopf- und Halschirurgie, Universitätsklinikum Freiburg, Killianstraße 5, 79106, Freiburg, Deutschland
| | - M C Ketterer
- Klinik für Hals-Nasen-Ohrenheilkunde, Kopf- und Halschirurgie, Universitätsklinikum Freiburg, Killianstraße 5, 79106, Freiburg, Deutschland
| | - T Schulz
- Klinik für Hals-Nasen-Ohrenheilkunde, Kopf- und Halschirurgie, Universitätsklinikum Freiburg, Killianstraße 5, 79106, Freiburg, Deutschland
| | - A Knopf
- Klinik für Hals-Nasen-Ohrenheilkunde, Kopf- und Halschirurgie, Universitätsklinikum Freiburg, Killianstraße 5, 79106, Freiburg, Deutschland
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McGoldrick DM, Torres-Rendon A, Sandhu R, Walton G. Validation of the UICC 8th edition staging of oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma in a UK cohort. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2020; 59:76-81. [PMID: 33082012 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjoms.2020.08.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The eighth edition of the Union for International Cancer Control (UICC) staging manual was recently introduced. The staging of oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma saw changes in relation to depth of invasion and extra-nodal extension. We aimed to evaluate this system and its prognostic ability in a UK cohort. A retrospective review was undertaken of patients diagnosed with squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the oral cavity between January 2009 and December 2013. Data were collected on demographics, histology, and recurrence-free (RFS) and five-year overall survival (OS). Patients were staged using both the seventh and eighth editions of the UICC staging manual. Stage-specific survival analysis was performed using the Kaplan-Meier method. A total of 191 records were reviewed and 87 were included in the analysis. The mean (range) age was 60 (37-88) years, and 53% were male. The tongue was the most common site (51%). Using the seventh edition patients were staged as stage I=30, II=14, III=7, IVa=35, and IVb=1. Applying the eighth edition, 26 patients (30%) were upstaged (I=24, II=15, III=14, IVa=17, IVb=17). Ten were upstaged based on pT and 16 on pN status. Both staging manuals showed statistically significant discrimination between stages for both OS and RFS. Patients upstaged from stage IVa in the seventh edition had significantly worse OS in the new system (p=0.043). Both staging systems discriminated accurately between stages. Patients upstaged in stage IVa showed significantly worse OS suggesting improved prognostication with the eighth edition and the changes introduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- D M McGoldrick
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust, Coventry, United Kingdom.
| | - A Torres-Rendon
- Department of Cellular Pathology, University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - R Sandhu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - G Walton
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust, Coventry, United Kingdom
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Sawaki M, Shien T, Iwata H. TNM classification of malignant tumors (Breast Cancer Study Group). Jpn J Clin Oncol 2019; 49:228-231. [PMID: 30541035 DOI: 10.1093/jjco/hyy182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Revised: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The eighth editions of the primary tumor, lymph node and metastasis classifications for breast cancer issued by the American Joint Commission of Cancer and the Union for International Cancer Control were revised in 2017. The major change made by the American Joint Commission of Cancer is to incorporate biological factors such as estrogen and progesterone receptor, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2, histological grade and multigene prognostic assays, into the staging system. Tumor biomarkers and low recurrence scores confirmed by multigene prognostic assays change the staging. Minor changes are to add the post-neoadjuvant therapy clinical and pathological classification and to define the size of tumor, lymph node and metastasis components more precisely. Little has changed in the Union for International Cancer Control. We have identified key points of change in both eighth editions of the tumor, lymph node and metastasis classifications and we discuss possible problems which may arise when they are adopted in Japanese practice, as well as future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masataka Sawaki
- Department of Breast Oncology, Aichi Cancer Center Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Tadahiko Shien
- Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Okayama University Hospital, Okayama, Japan
| | - Hiroji Iwata
- Department of Breast Oncology, Aichi Cancer Center Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
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23
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Rasmussen JH, Grønhøj C, Håkansson K, Friborg J, Andersen E, Lelkaitis G, Klussmann JP, Wittekindt C, Wagner S, Vogelius IR, von Buchwald C. Risk profiling based on p16 and HPV DNA more accurately predicts location of disease relapse in patients with oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma. Ann Oncol 2019; 30:629-636. [PMID: 30657857 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdz010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the era of precision medicine and HPV-related oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC), it is relevant to assess the risk of not only survival, but also the risk of local, regional, or distant treatment failure. The UICC 8th edition uses the surrogate marker p16 to stratify for HPV association but discordance between p16 status and HPV association has been shown. The purpose of this study was to develop a prognostic model to predict the risk of local, regional, and distant metastases and non-cancer-related death for patients with OPSCC, test the prognostic relevance of adding HPV DNA and p16 status, and validate the findings in an independent external dataset. PATIENTS AND METHODS Consecutive patients diagnosed with OPSCC and treated with curative radiotherapy with or without cisplatin in eastern Denmark from 2000 to 2014 were included. Characteristics included age, gender, TNM stage, smoking habits, performance status, and HPV status assessed with p16 and HPV DNA. The information was used to develop a prognostic model for first site of failure with four competing events: recurrence in T-, N-, and M-site, and death with no evidence of disease. RESULTS Overall 1243 patients were eligible for the analysis. A prognostic model with the four events was developed and externally validated in an independent dataset with a heterogeneously treated patient population from another institution. The individual prognostication from the competing risk analysis is displayed in a user friendly online tool (https://rasmussen.shinyapps.io/OPSCCmodelHPV_p16/). Replacing p16 status with the combined variable HPV/p16 status influenced the HR and patients with HPV-/p16+ had significantly higher HR of M-site recurrence than HPV+/p16+ with a HR = 2.56; CI [1.30; 5.02]; P = 0.006 (P = 0.013 in the validation cohort). CONCLUSION Patients with HPV-/p16+ have significantly higher risk of M-site recurrence and could potentially be relevant candidates for clinical trials testing systemic treatments in combination with conventional treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- J H Rasmussen
- Departments of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery and Audiology.
| | - C Grønhøj
- Departments of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery and Audiology
| | - K Håkansson
- Oncology, Section of Radiotherapy, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen
| | - J Friborg
- Oncology, Section of Radiotherapy, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen
| | - E Andersen
- Department of Oncology, Herlev Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen
| | - G Lelkaitis
- Department of Pathology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - J P Klussmann
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne
| | - C Wittekindt
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - S Wagner
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - I R Vogelius
- Oncology, Section of Radiotherapy, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen
| | - C von Buchwald
- Departments of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery and Audiology
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Lim W, Ridge CA, Nicholson AG, Mirsadraee S. The 8 th lung cancer TNM classification and clinical staging system: review of the changes and clinical implications. Quant Imaging Med Surg 2018; 8:709-718. [PMID: 30211037 DOI: 10.21037/qims.2018.08.02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death in both men and women. Clinical staging plays a crucial role in predicting survivor as well as influencing management option in lung cancer patients. Guidelines are constantly being reviewed as more data becomes available to provide the most accurate prognostic markers, hence aiding in the clinical detection and staging of lung cancer. Since its introduction in the 1970s, the TNM staging has undergone significant revisions with the latest, 8th edition, being effective internationally from 2018. This edition re-categorizes the tumour size and other non-quantitative tumour descriptors (T), and further subclassifies extra-thoracic metastases (M). The clinical nodal (N) classifier is unchanged as the earlier version correlates well with prognosis. The downstream effects on staging to accommodate for the new T and M classifications are highlighted. The survival is inversely proportional to every centimeter increase in tumour size up till 7 cm, where the same prognosis as a T4 disease is reached. Hence, some of the T-classifiers based on size of the tumour is upstaged to reflect that. Invasion of the diaphragm is considered T4 instead of T3. On the other hand, involvement of the main bronchus regardless of tumour distance to carina as well as atelectasis is down-staged from a T3 to a T2 disease. Since the 7th edition, new entities of lung tumour known as adenocarcinoma in situ (AIS) and minimally invasive adenocarcinoma (MIA) have been introduced. The T-defining features are also described in this manuscript. Extrathoracic metastases that were classified as M1b in the 7th edition is further subcategorized into M1b and M1c in the 8th edition, to better define oligometastasis which has a better prognosis, and may benefit from more aggressive local therapy. This overview aims to provide radiologists with a description of the changes in the latest edition including staging of subsolid and multiple nodules, outline potential limitations of this 8th edition, as well as discussion on the implications on treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanyin Lim
- Department of Radiology, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, UK
| | - Carole A Ridge
- Department of Radiology, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, UK
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Juntermanns B, Kaiser GM, Orth L, Reis H, Jaradat D, Sydor S, Buechter M, Kasper S, Mathé Z, Sotiropoulos GC, Baba HA, Canbay A, Paul A, Fingas CD. Comparison of the sixth and the seventh editions of the UICC classification for intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. Eur J Med Res 2018; 23:29. [PMID: 29859128 PMCID: PMC5984789 DOI: 10.1186/s40001-018-0329-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2016] [Accepted: 05/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The current seventh edition of the TNM classification for intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) includes tumor number, vascular invasion, lymph node involvement but no longer the tumor size as compared to the sixth edition. The impact of the seventh edition on stage-based prognostic prediction for patients with ICC was evaluated. Methods Between 03/2001 and 02/2013, 98 patients with the diagnosis of an ICC were surgically treated at our center. Median survival times were calculated for these patients after separate classification by both sixth and seventh editions. Results Median overall survival was increased in patients classified to the lower tumor stages I and II using the seventh as compared to the sixth edition: stage I (54.9 vs. 47.3 months), stage II (19.9 vs. 18.9 months), stage III (17.2 vs. 19.9 months), and stage IV (23.2 vs. 15.3 months), respectively. The seventh edition definition of the T category resulted in an increased median survival regarding the T1 (50.4 vs. 47.3 months) as well as the T2 category (19.9 vs. 15.6 months) and revealed a reduced median survival of patients within the T3 (21.6 vs. 24.8 months) as well as the T4 category (19.9 vs. 27.0 months). Conclusions The UICC seventh edition TNM classification for ICC improves separation of patients with intermediate stage tumors as compared to the sixth edition. The prognostic value of the UICC staging system has been improved by the seventh edition. Trial registration The data for this study have been retrospectively registered and the study has been approved by the ethic committee of the medical faculty of the University Hospital of Essen, Germany (license number 15-6353-BO).
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Juntermanns
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, 45147, Essen, Germany
| | - Gernot Maximilian Kaiser
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, 45147, Essen, Germany. .,Department of General and Visceral Surgery, St. Bernhard-Hospital, Bürgermeister-Schmelzing-Str. 90, 47475, Kamp-Lintfort, Germany.
| | - Lena Orth
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, 45147, Essen, Germany
| | - Henning Reis
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Derar Jaradat
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, 45147, Essen, Germany
| | - Svenja Sydor
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Matthias Buechter
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Stefan Kasper
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Zoltan Mathé
- Department of Transplantation and Surgery, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Georgios Charalambos Sotiropoulos
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, 45147, Essen, Germany
| | - Hideo Andreas Baba
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Ali Canbay
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Andreas Paul
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, 45147, Essen, Germany
| | - Christian Dominik Fingas
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, 45147, Essen, Germany
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Abstract
OPINION STATEMENT The main purpose of the TNM system is to provide an anatomic-based classification to adequately depict cancer prognosis. Accurate cancer staging is important for treatment selection and outcome prediction, research design, and cancer control activities. To maintain clinical relevance, periodical updates to TNM are necessary. The recently published 8th edition TNM classification institutes the following changes to the staging of head and neck (excluding thyroid cancer): new stage classifications [HPV-related oropharyngeal cancer (HPV+ OPC) and soft tissue sarcoma of the head and neck (HN-STS)] and modification of T and N categories [T and N categories for nasopharyngeal cancer (NPC), T categories for oral cavity squamous cell carcinomas (OSCC), N categories for non-viral related head and neck cancer and unknown primary (CUP), and T categories for head and neck cutaneous carcinoma]. These changes reflect better understanding tumor biology and clinical behavior (e.g., HPV+ OPC and HN-STS), improved outcomes associated with technical advances in diagnosis and treatment (e.g., NPC), evolving knowledge about additional prognostic factors and risk stratification from research and observation (e.g., inclusion of depth of invasion variable for OSCC, inclusion of extranodal extension variable for all non-viral head and neck cancer, and reintroduction of size criteria for non-Merkel cell cutaneous carcinoma of the head and neck). This review summarizes the changes and potential advantages and limitations/caveats associated with them. Further evidence is needed to evaluate whether these changes would result in improvement in TNM stage performance to better serve the needs for clinical care, research, and cancer control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shao Hui Huang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University of Toronto, RM 7-323, 700 University Ave, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1Z5, Canada
| | - Brian O'Sullivan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University of Toronto, RM 7-323, 700 University Ave, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1Z5, Canada.
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Zhao B, Zhang J, Zhang J, Chen X, Chen J, Wang Z, Xu H, Huang B. Anatomical location of metastatic lymph nodes: an indispensable prognostic factor for gastric cancer patients who underwent curative resection. Scand J Gastroenterol 2018; 53:185-192. [PMID: 29228846 DOI: 10.1080/00365521.2017.1415371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although the numeric-based lymph node (LN) staging was widely used in the worldwide, it did not represent the anatomical location of metastatic lymph nodes (MLNs) and not reflect extent of LN dissection. Therefore, in the present study, we investigated whether the anatomical location of MLNs was still necessary to evaluate the prognosis of node-positive gastric cancer (GC) patients. METHODS We reviewed 1451 GC patients who underwent radical gastrectomy in our institution between January 1986 and January 2008. All patients were reclassified into several groups according to the anatomical location of MLNs and the number of MLNs. The prognostic differences between different patient groups were compared and clinicopathologic features were analyzed. RESULTS In the present study, both anatomical location of MLNs and the number of MLNs were identified as the independent prognostic factors (p < .01). The patients with extraperigastric LN involvement showed a poorer prognosis compared with the perigastric-only group (p < .001). For the N1-N2 stage patients, the prognostic discrepancy was still observed among them when the anatomical location of MLNs was considered (p < .05). For the N3-stage patients, although the anatomical location of MLNs had no significant effect on the prognosis of these patients, the higher number of MLNs in the extraperigastric area was correlated with the unfavorable prognosis (p < .05). CONCLUSION The anatomical location of MLNs was an important factor influencing the prognostic outcome of GC patients. To provide more accurate prognostic information for GC patients, the anatomical location of MLNs should not be ignored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bochao Zhao
- a Department of Surgical Oncology , First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University , Shenyang , P.R. China
| | - Jingting Zhang
- a Department of Surgical Oncology , First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University , Shenyang , P.R. China
| | - Jiale Zhang
- a Department of Surgical Oncology , First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University , Shenyang , P.R. China
| | - Xiuxiu Chen
- a Department of Surgical Oncology , First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University , Shenyang , P.R. China
| | - Junqing Chen
- a Department of Surgical Oncology , First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University , Shenyang , P.R. China
| | - Zhenning Wang
- a Department of Surgical Oncology , First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University , Shenyang , P.R. China
| | - Huimian Xu
- a Department of Surgical Oncology , First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University , Shenyang , P.R. China
| | - Baojun Huang
- a Department of Surgical Oncology , First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University , Shenyang , P.R. China
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Bertero L, Massa F, Metovic J, Zanetti R, Castellano I, Ricardi U, Papotti M, Cassoni P. Eighth Edition of the UICC Classification of Malignant Tumours: an overview of the changes in the pathological TNM classification criteria-What has changed and why? Virchows Arch 2017; 472:519-531. [PMID: 29209757 DOI: 10.1007/s00428-017-2276-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2017] [Revised: 11/02/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The TNM classification of malignant tumours is a mainstay tool in clinical practice and research for prognostic assessment of patients, treatment allocation and trial enrolment, as well as for epidemiological studies and data collection by cancer registries worldwide. Pathological TNM (pTNM) represents the pathological classification of a tumor, assigned after surgical resection or adequate sampling by biopsy, and periodical updates to the relative classification criteria are necessary to preserve its clinical relevance by integrating newly reported data. A structured approach has been put in place to fulfil this need and, based upon this process, the Eighth Edition of Union for International Cancer Control (UICC) TNM Classification of Malignant Tumours has been published, introducing many significant changes, including novel classification criteria for specific tumour types. In this review, we aim to describe the major changes introduced in the pTNM classification criteria and to summarize the evidence supporting these changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Bertero
- Pathology Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin and Città della Salute e della Scienza Hospital, Via Santena 7, 10126, Turin, Italy.
| | - Federica Massa
- Pathology Unit, Department of Oncology, University of Turin and Città della Salute e della Scienza Hospital, Via Santena 7, 10126, Turin, Italy
| | - Jasna Metovic
- Pathology Unit, Department of Oncology, University of Turin and Città della Salute e della Scienza Hospital, Via Santena 7, 10126, Turin, Italy
| | - Roberto Zanetti
- Piedmont Cancer Registry, CPO - Centre for Cancer Prevention, Via San Massimo 24, 10123, Turin, Italy
| | - Isabella Castellano
- Pathology Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin and Città della Salute e della Scienza Hospital, Via Santena 7, 10126, Turin, Italy
| | - Umberto Ricardi
- Radiation Oncology Unit, Department of Oncology, University of Turin and Città della Salute e della Scienza Hospital, Via Genova 3, 10126, Turin, Italy.,Italian National Committee, Union for International Cancer Control (UICC) - TNM, Turin, Italy
| | - Mauro Papotti
- Pathology Unit, Department of Oncology, University of Turin and Città della Salute e della Scienza Hospital, Via Santena 7, 10126, Turin, Italy
| | - Paola Cassoni
- Pathology Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin and Città della Salute e della Scienza Hospital, Via Santena 7, 10126, Turin, Italy.,Italian National Committee, Union for International Cancer Control (UICC) - TNM, Turin, Italy
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Schlitter AM, Jesinghaus M, Jäger C, Konukiewitz B, Muckenhuber A, Demir IE, Bahra M, Denkert C, Friess H, Kloeppel G, Ceyhan GO, Weichert W. pT but not pN stage of the 8th TNM classification significantly improves prognostication in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Eur J Cancer 2017; 84:121-129. [PMID: 28802189 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2017.06.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2017] [Revised: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The UICC TNM (tumour-node-metastasis) staging system for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) has been a matter of debate over decades because survival prediction based on T stages was weak and unreliable. To improve staging, the recently published 8th TNM edition (2016) introduced a conceptually completely changed strictly size-based T staging system and a refined N stage for PDAC. To investigate the clinical value of the novel TNM classification, we compared the prognostic impact of pT and pN stage between the 7th and 8th edition in two well-characterised independent German PDAC cohorts from different decades, including a total number of 523 patients. Former UICC T staging (7th edition 2009) resulted in a clustering of pT3 cases (72% and 85% of cases per cohort, respectively) and failed to show significant prognostic differences between the four stages in one of the investigated cohorts (p = 0.074). Application of the novel size-based T stage system resulted in a more equal distribution of cases between the four T categories with a predominance of pT2 tumours (65% and 60% of cases). The novel pT staging algorithm showed greatly improved discriminative power with highly significant overall differences between the four pT stages in both investigated cohorts in univariate and multivariate analyses (p < 0.001, each). In contrast, no prognostic differences were observed between the recently introduced pN1 and pN2 categories in both cohorts (p = 0.970 and p = 0.061). pT stage of resected PDAC patients according to the novel UICC staging protocol (8th edition) significantly improves patient stratification, whereas introduction of an extended N stage protocol does not demonstrate high clinical relevance in our cohorts.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Moritz Jesinghaus
- Institute of Pathology, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Munich, Germany
| | - Carsten Jäger
- Department of Surgery, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Björn Konukiewitz
- Institute of Pathology, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Alexander Muckenhuber
- Institute of Pathology, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Munich, Germany
| | - Ihsan Ekin Demir
- Department of Surgery, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Munich, Germany
| | - Marcus Bahra
- Department of Surgery, Charité University Hospital, Berlin, Germany
| | - Carsten Denkert
- Institute of Pathology, Charité University Hospital, Berlin, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Berlin, Germany
| | - Helmut Friess
- Department of Surgery, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Munich, Germany
| | - Günter Kloeppel
- Institute of Pathology, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Güralp O Ceyhan
- Department of Surgery, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Munich, Germany
| | - Wilko Weichert
- Institute of Pathology, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Munich, Germany
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Chansky K, Detterbeck FC, Nicholson AG, Rusch VW, Vallières E, Groome P, Kennedy C, Krasnik M, Peake M, Shemanski L, Bolejack V, Crowley JJ, Asamura H, Rami-Porta R. The IASLC Lung Cancer Staging Project: External Validation of the Revision of the TNM Stage Groupings in the Eighth Edition of the TNM Classification of Lung Cancer. J Thorac Oncol 2017; 12:1109-1121. [PMID: 28461257 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2017.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 287] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2017] [Revised: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Revisions to the TNM stage classifications for lung cancer, informed by the international database (N = 94,708) of the International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer (IASLC) Staging and Prognostic Factors Committee, need external validation. The objective was to externally validate the revisions by using the National Cancer Data Base (NCDB) of the American College of Surgeons. METHODS Cases presenting from 2000 through 2012 were drawn from the NCDB and reclassified according to the eighth edition stage classification. Clinically and pathologically staged subsets of NSCLC were analyzed separately. The T, N, and overall TNM classifications were evaluated according to clinical, pathologic, and "best" stage (N = 780,294). Multivariate analyses were carried out to adjust for various confounding factors. A combined analysis of the NSCLC cases from both databases was performed to explore differences in overall survival prognosis between the two databases. RESULTS The databases differed in terms of key factors related to data source. Survival was greater in the IASLC database for all stage categories. However, the eighth edition TNM stage classification system demonstrated consistent ability to discriminate TNM categories and stage groups for clinical and pathologic stage. CONCLUSIONS The IASLC revisions made for the eighth edition of lung cancer staging are validated by this analysis of the NCDB database by the ordering, statistical differences, and homogeneity within stage groups and by the consistency within analyses of specific cohorts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kari Chansky
- Cancer Research And Biostatistics, Seattle, Washington.
| | | | - Andrew G Nicholson
- Department of Histopathology, Royal Brompton and Harefield National Health Service Foundation Trust and Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Valerie W Rusch
- Thoracic Surgery Service, Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Eric Vallières
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Swedish Cancer Institute, Seattle, Washington
| | - Patti Groome
- Queen's Cancer Research Institute, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Mark Krasnik
- Gentofte University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Michael Peake
- University of Leicester, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | - Hisao Asamura
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Keio School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ramón Rami-Porta
- Thoracic Surgery Service, Hospital Universitari Mutua Terrassa, University of Barcelona; Centros de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias CIBERES Lung Cancer Group, Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain
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Sano T, Coit DG, Kim HH, Roviello F, Kassab P, Wittekind C, Yamamoto Y, Ohashi Y. Proposal of a new stage grouping of gastric cancer for TNM classification: International Gastric Cancer Association staging project. Gastric Cancer 2017; 20:217-225. [PMID: 26897166 PMCID: PMC4992472 DOI: 10.1007/s10120-016-0601-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 302] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2016] [Accepted: 02/03/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The current AJCC staging system for gastric cancer (AJCC7) incorporated several major revisions to the previous edition. The T and N categories and the stage groups were newly defined, and adenocarcinoma of the esophagogastric junction (EGJ) was reclassified and staged according to the esophageal system. Studies to validate these changes showed inconsistent results. The International Gastric Cancer Association (IGCA) launched a project to support evidence-based revisions to the next edition of the AJCC staging system. METHODS Clinical and pathological data on patients who underwent curative gastrectomy at 59 institutions in 15 countries between 2000 and 2004 were retrospectively collected. Patients lost to follow-up within 5 years of surgery were excluded. Patients treated with neoadjuvant therapy were excluded. The data were analyzed in total, and separately by region of treatment. RESULTS Of 25,411 eligible cases, 84.8 % were submitted from 24 institutions of Japan and Korea, 6.4 % from other Asian countries, and 8.8 % from 29 Western institutions. The T and N categories of AJCC7 clearly stratified the patient survival. Patients with pN3a and pN3b showed distinct prognosis in all regions, and by introducing pN3a and pN3b into a cluster analysis, we established a new stage grouping with better stratification than AJCC7, especially among stage III subgroups. Survival of Siewert type 2 and 3 EGJ tumors was better stratified by this IGCA stage grouping than by either esophageal or gastric scheme of AJCC7. CONCLUSIONS For the next revision of AJCC classification, we propose a new stage grouping based on a large, worldwide data collection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Sano
- Department of Surgery, Cancer Institute Hospital of Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Japan
| | - Daniel G. Coit
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, USA
| | - Hyung Ho Kim
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Korea, representing Korean Gastric Cancer Association
| | - Franco Roviello
- Department of General Surgery and Surgical Oncology, University of Siena, Italy
| | - Paulo Kassab
- Department of Surgery, Santa Casa Medical School, Brazil
| | | | - Yuko Yamamoto
- Division of Biostatistics, Japan Clinical Research Support Unit, Japan
| | - Yasuo Ohashi
- Division of Biostatistics, Japan Clinical Research Support Unit, Japan
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Ochiai T, Ishii H, Yamamoto Y, Morimura R, Ikoma H, Otsuji E. Significance of Hepatectomy for AJCC/ UICC T3 Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Anticancer Res 2015; 35:2921-2928. [PMID: 25964577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is difficult to treat the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC)/International Union against Cancer (UICC) T3 hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), curatively. PATIENTS AND METHODS We compared the clinicopathology of T3 group (n=44: T3a 25, T3b 19) with that of the T1 (n=257) or T2 group (n=120) and evaluated favorable conditions of hepatectomy for T3 HCC patients. RESULTS The T3 group had significantly higher hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)-positive rates and better liver function. Infiltrative large tumors located beyond one sub-segment with intrahepatic metastasis were significantly more common. Significantly, more non-curative large hepatectomies with transarterial embolization were performed. There was no significant difference between T3 and 2 groups in 5-year disease-free survival (DFS) and survival (S). Tumor size more than 55 mm and serum albumin less than 3.5 g/dl were risk factors of hepatectomy for T3 HCC patients by multivariate analysis. CONCLUSION Surgeons should resect AJCC/UICC T3 HCC lesions if the patient is able to tolerate surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiya Ochiai
- Department of Surgery, North Medical Center, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hiromichi Ishii
- Department of Surgery, North Medical Center, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yusuke Yamamoto
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Ryo Morimura
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hisashi Ikoma
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Eigo Otsuji
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
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Eom B, Joo J, Kim Y, Bae J, Park K, Lee J, Ryu K, Kook M. Role of bursectomy for advanced gastric cancer: Result of a case–control study from a large volume hospital. Eur J Surg Oncol 2013; 39:1407-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejso.2013.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2013] [Revised: 08/06/2013] [Accepted: 09/10/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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Andrade MC, Ferreira SBP, Gonçalves LC, De-Paula AMB, de Faria ES, Teixeira-Carvalho A, Martins-Filho OA. Cell surface markers for T and B lymphocytes activation and adhesion as putative prognostic biomarkers for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Hum Immunol 2013; 74:1563-74. [PMID: 23994583 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2013.08.272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2013] [Revised: 07/23/2013] [Accepted: 08/10/2013] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The study population comprised HNSCC patients, risk-positive controls (tabagism and alcoholism habits), and risk-negative controls (without risk factors). Significant increases in the activation status of CD4(+)and CD8(+) T-cells, and higher migration potentials of lymphocytes were observed in HNSCC patients compared with control groups. Although decreased frequency of CD19(+)-B lymphocytes was observed in HSNCC patients, a higher percentage of HLA-DR(+)CD19(+)-B lymphocytes was detected in these individuals as compared with other evaluated groups. Metastasis and tumor grading were the major pathological parameters associated with significant alterations in the expression of activation molecules on circulating CD4(+) and CD8(+) T-cells. A reduced frequency of CD38-expressing CD8(+) T-cells was the most relevant biomarker associated with HNSCC aggressiveness. Performance analysis suggested a cut-off point for the CD8(+)CD38(+)/CD8(+) T-cell ratio of 7.0 for segregating patients according to tumor grading. In contrast, a higher proportion of CD8(+)CD54(+)/CD8(+) T-cells could represent a relevant biomarker associated with metastasis in HNSCC patients, and performance analysis suggested a cut-off point for the CD8(+)CD54(+)/CD8(+) T-cell ratio of 30 for segregating patients according to absence or presence of metastasis. The results obtained can increment immunological aspects of HNSCC and provide tools for the determination of cut-off scores of clinically relevant immunophenotypic prognostic biomarkers.
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Otto G, Schuchmann M, Hoppe-Lotichius M, Heise M, Weinmann A, Hansen T, Pitton MP. How to decide about liver transplantation in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma: size and number of lesions or response to TACE? J Hepatol 2013; 59:279-84. [PMID: 23587474 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2013.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2012] [Revised: 04/03/2013] [Accepted: 04/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Liver transplantation is a curative treatment option for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and liver cirrhosis. To date, patient selection for transplantation is based on size and number of nodules as assessed by imaging before listing. We hypothesized that changes in tumour features resulting from pre-transplant transarterial chemoembolisation (TACE) is a superior criterion to predict tumour recurrence. METHODS 136 patients with HCC in cirrhosis with two or more cycles of pre-transplant TACE were included in this study. According to the surgical specimens, 46 patients exceeded the Milan criteria. RESULTS Tumour recurrence occurred in 21 patients (15%). Classification of Milan criteria according to the imaging at referral was not predictive for recurrence (p=0.58), whereas the Milan criteria in the imaging immediately before transplantation reflected changes after pre-transplant TACE and were highly predictive (p<0.0001). Of the 99 patients constantly within Milan or downstaged to within Milan, 88% were recurrence-free after 5 years, compared to 55% of the patients exceeding the Milan criteria despite pre-transplant TACE. Five-year absence of recurrence was better predicted by the criterion "Progressive Disease" according to RECIST (p<0.0001). If progression was defined as any progression (including less than 20% of the sum of target lesions or new measurable lesions), predictability of recurrence in the receiver operating characteristic was 0.86. CONCLUSIONS Imprecise assessment of size and number of tumour lesions limits prognostic importance of initial imaging. Characteristics of tumour response to TACE are reliably recognized and allow identification of suitable patients for transplantation. Future selection criteria for LT in HCC should consider this aspect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerd Otto
- Department of Transplantation and Hepatobiliopancreatic Surgery, University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany.
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Jha R, Gaur P, Sharma SC, Das SN. Single nucleotide polymorphism in hMLH1 promoter and risk of tobacco-related oral carcinoma in high-risk Asian Indians. Gene 2013; 526:223-7. [PMID: 23727610 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2013.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2013] [Revised: 04/05/2013] [Accepted: 05/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
hMLH1 is a member of mismatch repair genes (MMR) that plays a crucial role in correcting replication errors, cell cycle arrest, apoptosis and oxidative stress. We explored the risk associated with hMLH1 -93 A>G (rs 1800734) single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) with the oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) in Asian Indians. We genotyped 242 patients with tobacco-related OSCC and 205 healthy controls by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) technique. The frequency of AA genotype was found to be significantly (Pc<0.0006) lower in patients as compared to the controls (21.49% vs. 47.8%) while GG genotype showed significantly higher (Pc<0.0006) prevalence in patients as compared to the healthy controls (41.32% vs. 13.66%). In logistic regression analysis AG (adjusted OR=1.95, 95% CI=0.72-5.26) and GG genotype (adjusted OR=4.5, 95% CI=1.54-13.16, P=0.006) appeared susceptible when compared with the wild-type AA genotype. The allelic distribution showed that variant G allele is significantly higher (Pc<0.0004) in patients and associated with increased risk (adjusted OR=2.36, 95% CI=1.33-4.19, P=0.003) as compared to the wild-type A allele. Altogether, our results suggest that the hMLH1 -93 A>G polymorphism is associated with the higher risk of tobacco-related OSCC in Asian Indians and could be useful in screening population at a higher risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritu Jha
- Department of Biotechnology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi 110029, India.
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