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You G, Jin Z, Lu S, Ren J, Zhang Y, Hu K, Xie S. Emission factors and source profiles of volatile organic compounds from the automobile manufacturing industry. Sci Total Environ 2024; 927:172183. [PMID: 38575016 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Revised: 03/31/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Controlling volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted from the automobile manufacturing industry requires establishing VOCs emission factors (EFs) and source profiles refinedly. In this study, 41 samples involved 32 VOCs discharge links were collected from three factories. The EFs and VOCs source profiles were estimated by the material balance method and weighted average method, respectively. The ozone formation potential (OFP) of the 110 VOCs species were calculated by the maximum incremental reactivity (MIR). According to estimations, the ranges of EFs were 0.23-1.66 kg VOCs/SUV car and 2.14-14.86 g VOCs/m2 painted area. EFs of six materials were firstly estimated, which are electrophoretic primer (152.31 ± 97.39 g VOCs/SUV car, 0.97 ± 0.38 g VOCs/m2 painted area), sealant (48.39 ± 26.20 g VOCs/SUV car, 0.46 ± 0.25 g VOCs/m2 painted area), floating coat (87.40 ± 75.63 g VOCs/SUV car, 0.86 ± 0.74 g VOCs/m2 painted area), colored paint (127.24 ± 168.24 g VOCs/SUV car, 1.25 ± 1.66 g VOCs/m2 painted area), varnish (205.46 ± 218.14 g VOCs/SUV car, 2.01 ± 2.15 g VOCs/m2 painted area), and cleaning solvent (328.54 ± 404.94 g VOCs/SUV car, 3.23 ± 3.98 g VOCs/m2 painted area). OVOCs (37.40-51.60 %) and aromatics (36.40-37.00 %) were the dominant components. n-Butyl acetate, 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene, undecane, n-hexanal, acetone, 1,2,3-trimethylbenzene, 1,3,5 -trimethylbenzene, m/p/o-xylene, 3-ethylbenzene, and 4-ethylbenzene were the major VOCs species, accounting for 68 % of total VOCs in the automobile manufacturing industry. Considering the OFP values of species, 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene, 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene, 1,2,3-trimethylbenzene, m/p-xylene, acetaldehyde, methyl ethyl ketone are the key active species that should be prioritized for control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guiying You
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Zengxin Jin
- Department of Ecology and Environment of Liaoning, Liaoning 110161, China
| | - Sihua Lu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Jie Ren
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yifan Zhang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Kun Hu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Shaodong Xie
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
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Zhang L, Nian G, Zhong J, Lin Y, Zhang Y. Impact of volatile organic compounds in large municipal solid waste landfills on regional environment. Waste Manag 2024; 181:145-156. [PMID: 38608529 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2024.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
Landfill disposal is a major approach of disposing municipal solid waste (MSW) in China. In order to explore the impact of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) generated by landfill on the air quality of regional environment, Jiangcungou landfill in Xi'an and its surrounding area were taken as a research object to analyze the spatial distribution and seasonal variation patterns of non-methane hydrocarbon (NMHC) and VOCs components through seasonal sampling of regional NMHC concentration and VOCs concentration (116 species). CALPUFF model was adopted to analyze the regional dispersion characteristics of NMHC on landfill. In addition, propylene equivalent concentration (PEC) and maximum incremental reactivity (MIR) methods were used to estimate O3 formation potential of the landfill, while fraction aerosol coefficient (FAC) and SOA potential (SOAP) methods were used to estimate SOA formation potential of the landfill. It was indicated that, the component with the highest concentration of VOCs on the working surface and the surrounding area of landfill was p + m-xylene (41.0 μg/m3) and halohydrocarbon (111.2 μg/m3-156.3 μg/m3), respectively. The component with the greatest impact on the surrounding air was acetone, which accounts for 75 %-87 % of the corresponding substance concentration on the landfill. In summer, the surrounding area was affected most by NMHC from landfill, whose emissions contributed 9.5 mg/m3 to the surrounding area. The component making the largest contribution to O3 formation was p + m-xylene (8 %-24 %), while ethylbenzene was the component making the largest contribution to SOA formation (20 %-24 %).
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyuan Zhang
- School of Water and Environment, Chang'an University, Xi'an, China; Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effect in Arid Region of the Ministry of Education, Chang'an University, Xi'an, China; Key Laboratory of Eco-hydrology and Water Security in Arid and Semi-arid Regions of Ministry of Water Resources, Chang'an University, Xi'an, China
| | - Guanyu Nian
- School of Water and Environment, Chang'an University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jiahao Zhong
- School of Water and Environment, Chang'an University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yifan Lin
- Xi'an Solid Waste Disposal Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- School of Architecture, Chang'an University, Xi'an, China; Shaanxi Provincial Academy of Environmental Science, Xi'an, China.
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Wenting Wang, Zheng Z, Liu Y, Xu B, Yang W, Wang X, Geng C, Bai Z. Quantitative for photochemical loss of volatile organic compounds upon ozone formation chemistry at an industrial City (Zibo) in North China Plain. Environ Res 2024:119088. [PMID: 38768881 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.119088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are consumed by photochemical reactions during transport, leading to inaccuracies in estimating the local ozone (O3) formation mechanism and its subsequent strategy for O3 attainment. To comprehensively quantify the deviations in O3 formation mechanism by consumed VOCs (C-VOCs), a 5-month field campaign was conducted in a typical industrial city in Northern China over incorporating a 0-D box model (implemented with MCMv3.3.1). The averaged C-VOCs concentration was 6.8 ppbv during entire period, and Alkenes accounted for 62% dominantly. Without considering C-VOCs, the relative incremental reactivity (RIR) of anthropogenic VOCs (AVOC, overestimated by 68%-75%) and NOx (underestimated by 137%-527%) demonstrated deviations at multiple scenarios, and the RIR deviations for precursors in High-O3-periods (HOP) were lower than Low-O3-periods (LOP). The RIR deviations from individual species involved C-VOCs calculation did not impact the identification for the high-ranking-RIR AVOC species but non-negligible. Monthly comparisons showed that higher C-VOCs concentrations would lead to higher RIR deviations. The daily maximum of net Ox production rate (P(Ox)) and the regional transport Ox (Trans(Ox)) without C-VOCs were underestimated by 56%-194% and 81%-243%, respectively. After considering C-VOCs, the contribution of HO2+NO for Ox gross production (G(Ox)) decreased by 7% (LOP) and 7% (HOP), but OH+NO2 for Ox destruction (D(Ox)) decreased by 16% (LOP) and 23% (HOP), and alkenes+O3 increased for D(Ox) by 12% (LOP) and 22% (HOP). This implies that VOCs-NOx-O3 sensitivity was deviated between with/without C-VOCs, and severe O3 pollution rendered deviations in O3 formation, especially via NOx-driving chemistry. Based on RIR(NOx)/RIR(AVOC) with/without C-VOCs, the sensitivity regime shifted from VOCs-limited (-0.93) to transition (1.38) at LOP, and from VOCs-limited (0.19) to NOx-limited (3.79) at HOP. Our results reflected that the NOx limitation degree was underestimated without constraint C-VOCs, especially HOP, and provided implication to more precise O3 pollution control strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenting Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environment Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; College of Environmental Science & Safety Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Zhensen Zheng
- University of Innsbruck, Institute of Ion Physics and Applied Physics, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Yanhui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environment Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Bo Xu
- Zibo Eco-Environment Monitoring Center, Zibo 255000, China
| | - Wen Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Environment Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China.
| | - Xiaoli Wang
- College of Environmental Science & Safety Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Chunmei Geng
- State Key Laboratory of Environment Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China.
| | - Zhipeng Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Environment Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
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Liaquat I, Munir R, Abbasi NA, Sadia B, Muneer A, Younas F, Sardar MF, Zahid M, Noreen S. Exploring zeolite-based composites in adsorption and photocatalysis for toxic wastewater treatment: Preparation, mechanisms, and future perspectives. Environ Pollut 2024; 349:123922. [PMID: 38580064 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.123922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
Water scarcity has become a critical global concern exacerbated by population growth, globalization, and industrial expansion, resulting in the production of wastewater containing a wide array of contaminants. Tackling this challenge necessitates the adoption of innovative materials and technologies for effective wastewater treatment. This review article provides a comprehensive exploration of the preparation, applications, mechanisms, and economic environmental analysis of zeolite-based composites in wastewater treatment. Zeolite, renowned for its versatility and porous nature, is of paramount importance due to its exceptional properties, including high surface area, ion exchange capability, and adsorption capacity. Various synthetic methods for zeolite-based composites are discussed. The utilization of zeolites in wastewater treatment, particularly in adsorption and photocatalysis, is thoroughly investigated. The significance of zeolite in adsorption and its role in the photocatalytic degradation of pollutants are examined, along with its applications in treating volatile organic compounds (VOCs), dye wastewater, oil-field wastewater, and radioactive waste. Mechanisms underlying zeolite-based adsorption and photocatalysis, including physical and chemical adsorption, ion exchange, and surface modification, are elucidated. Additionally, the role of micropores in the adsorption process is explored. Furthermore, the review delves into regeneration and desorption studies of zeolite-based composites, crucial for sustainable wastewater treatment practices. Economic and environmental analyses are conducted to assess the feasibility and sustainability of employing zeolite-based composites in wastewater treatment applications. Future recommendations are provided to guide further research and development in the field of zeolite-based composites, aiming to enhance wastewater treatment efficiency and environmental sustainability. By exploring the latest advancements and insights into zeolite-based nanocomposites, this paper aims to contribute to the development of more efficient and sustainable wastewater treatment strategies. The integration of zeolite-based materials in wastewater treatment processes shows promise for mitigating water pollution and addressing water scarcity challenges, ultimately contributing to environmental preservation and public health protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iqra Liaquat
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Ruba Munir
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Naseer Ahmed Abbasi
- Department of Land and Water Management, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering, Sindh Agriculture University Tandojam, 70060, Pakistan
| | - Bushra Sadia
- Centre of Agricultural Biochemistry and Biotechnology (CABB), University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Amna Muneer
- Department of Physics, Government College Women University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Fazila Younas
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Muhammad Fahad Sardar
- Qingdao Key Laboratory of Ecological Protection and Restoration, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Muhammad Zahid
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Saima Noreen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan.
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Zhao D, Wang Q, Hui Y, Liu Y, Wang F, Chu B. Characteristics, sources, and health risks of volatile organic compounds in different functional regions of Shenyang. Sci Total Environ 2024; 933:173148. [PMID: 38735334 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
The concentration of 56 volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the ambient air of Shenyang was continuously monitored at four sites in 2021. The characteristics, sources, secondary pollution potential and health risks of VOCs in different functional regions of Shenyang were discussed. The results indicate that the concentration of VOCs in industrial regions was significantly higher than that in non-industrial regions, with a mean of 41.09 ± 69.82 parts per billion volumes (ppbv) compared to 19.99 ± 17.86 ppbv (commercial & residential region in urban fringe), 27.51 ± 28.81 ppbv (educational & scenic region) and 29.71 ± 23.97 ppbv (commercial & residential region in urban center). The positive matrix factorization (PMF) model was utilized to assign the sources of VOCs in Shenyang, and six factors were recognized: gasoline vehicles (34.8 %), diesel vehicles (28.3 %), combustion (11.4 %), biogenic emissions (9.7 %), industrial processes (8.2 %), and fuel evaporation (7.7 %). The results of the reactivity evaluation indicated that the ozone (O3) formation potential (OFP) was primarily influenced by industrial processes (29.2 %), diesel vehicles (25.7 %), biogenic emissions (17.0 %). These three factors were also the top three contributors to secondary organic aerosol formation potential (SOAP), accounting for 44.2 %, 9.4 % and 30.3 %, respectively. At the all four sites, the non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks of VOCs ranged from 1.6 × 10-2 to 3.8 × 10-2 and from 2.3 × 10-6 to 3.3 × 10-6, respectively. And the main risks can be attributed to emissions from industrial processes and gasoline vehicles. These findings suggested to strengthen the control of vehicle emissions throughout all regions in Shenyang and industrial processes emissions in industrial regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Zhao
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environmental Pollution Prevention and Control, Shenyang Academy of Environmental Sciences, Shenyang 110167, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Department of Transfusion, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, China
| | - Yu Hui
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environmental Pollution Prevention and Control, Shenyang Academy of Environmental Sciences, Shenyang 110167, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environmental Pollution Prevention and Control, Shenyang Academy of Environmental Sciences, Shenyang 110167, China
| | - Fan Wang
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environmental Pollution Prevention and Control, Shenyang Academy of Environmental Sciences, Shenyang 110167, China
| | - Biwu Chu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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Mai JL, Cai XC, Luo DY, Zeng Y, Guan YF, Gao W, Chen SJ. Spatiotemporal variations, sources, and atmospheric transformation potential of volatile organic compounds in an industrial zone based on high-resolution measurements in three plants. Sci Total Environ 2024; 923:171352. [PMID: 38432387 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Industrial emissions are significant sources of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). This study conducted a field campaign at high temporal and spatial resolution to monitor VOCs within three plants in an industrial park in southern China. VOC concentrations showed significant spatial variability in this industrial zone, with median concentrations of 75.22, 40.53, and 29.41 μg/m3 for the total VOCs in the three plants, respectively, with oxygenated VOCs (OVOCs) or aromatics being the major VOCs. Spatial variability within each plant was also significant but VOC-dependent. Seasonal variations in the VOC levels were governed by their industrial emissions, meteorological conditions, and photochemical losses, and they were different for the four groups of VOCs. The temporal and spatial variations in the VOC compositions suggest similar sources of each class of VOCs during different periods of the year in each plant. The diurnal patterns of VOCs (unimodal or bimodal) clearly differed from those at most industrial/urban locations previously, reflecting a dependence on industrial activities. The secondary transformation potential of VOCs also varied temporally and spatially, and aromatics generally made the predominant contributions in this industrial park. The loss rate of OH radicals and ozone formation potential were highly correlated, but the linear relationship substantially changed in summer and autumn due to the intensive emissions of an OVOC species. The lifetime cancer and non-cancer risks via occupational inhalation of the VOCs in the plants were acceptable but merit attention. Taking the secondary transformation potential and health risks into consideration, styrene, xylene, toluene, trichloroethylene, and benzene were proposed to be the priority VOCs regulated in the plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Long Mai
- School of Environment, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Xing-Cong Cai
- Guangzhou Hexin Instrument Co., Ltd., Guangzhou 510530, China.
| | - De-Yao Luo
- Guangzhou Hexin Instrument Co., Ltd., Guangzhou 510530, China.
| | - Yuan Zeng
- School of Environment, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Yu-Feng Guan
- School of Environment, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Wei Gao
- Institute of Mass Spectrometry and Atmospheric Environment & Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Online Source Apportionment System of Air Pollution, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
| | - She-Jun Chen
- School of Environment, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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Gallego E, Perales JF, Aguasca N, Domínguez R. Determination of emission factors from a landfill through an inverse methodology: Experimental determination of ambient air concentrations and use of numerical modelling. Environ Pollut 2024; 351:124047. [PMID: 38688386 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.124047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
The application of numeric modelling for determining the impact of landfills needs for reliable emission source data. In this study, a methodology for the characterization of the emission profiles of the different sources present in landfills for emission factors determination, applying an indirect methodology, is presented. Ambient air concentrations of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), hydrogen sulphide (H2S) and ammonia (NH3) were determined in three potentially emission sources in Can Mata landfill (Hostalets de Pierola, Catalonia, Spain): dumping areas, pre-closed zone and leachate reservoir as well as in biogas, for the determination of emission factors. Multi-sorbent bed and Tenax TA tubes were used for a wide range of VOCs sampling, and analysis was conducted through TD-GC/MS. H2S and NH3 were sampled and analysed using Radiello passive samplers. The highest total VOC (TVOC) concentrations were found in dumping areas (0.7-3.5 mg m-3), followed by leachate reservoir (0.3-0.6 mg m-3) and pre-closed area (77-165 μg m-3). On the other hand, the highest H2S and NH3 concentrations were found in leachate reservoir, presenting values of 0.8-1.1 mg m-3 and 1.7-1.8 mg m-3, respectively. With the application of odour thresholds to the concentrations obtained, the most critical compounds regarding odour annoyances were determined. The highest odour units (O.U.) were found in leachate reservoir due to H2S concentrations, whereas VOCs contributed mainly to O.U. in the dumping areas. The obtained ambient air concentrations were used for the indirect determination of the emission factors through numerical modelling using a Eulerian dispersion model. The emission factors obtained for the landfill for TVOC, H2S and NH3 were in the range of 0.44-10.9 g s-1, 0.16-1.02 g s-1 and 0.23-1.82 g s-1, respectively, depending on the emission source. Reliable emission factors are crucial to obtain landfill impact maps, which are essential for the correct management of these facilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Gallego
- Laboratori Del Centre de Medi Ambient, Escola D'Enginyeria de Barcelona Est (EEBE), Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Av. Eduard Maristany 16, 08019, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - J F Perales
- Laboratori Del Centre de Medi Ambient, Escola D'Enginyeria de Barcelona Est (EEBE), Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Av. Eduard Maristany 16, 08019, Barcelona, Spain
| | - N Aguasca
- Prezero Gestión de Residuos, Dipòsit Controlat de Can Mata, Carretera B-231, 080781, Els Hostalets de Pierola, Spain
| | - R Domínguez
- Prezero Gestión de Residuos, Dipòsit Controlat de Can Mata, Carretera B-231, 080781, Els Hostalets de Pierola, Spain
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Li F, Zheng Y, Zhao C, Zhu J, Hang Y, Fang Y, Hu L. GC-IMS facilitates identification of carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae in simulated blood cultures. AMB Express 2024; 14:40. [PMID: 38656563 PMCID: PMC11043319 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-024-01708-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to identify carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP) based on changes in levels of its volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in simulated blood cultures (BCs) using the gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry (GC-IMS) technique. A comprehensive analysis of volatile metabolites produced by Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae) in BC bottles was conducted using GC-IMS. Subsequently, the released VOCs were analyzed to examine differences in VOC release between CRKP and carbapenem-susceptible Klebsiella pneumoniae (CSKP). A total of 54 VOCs were detected, of which 18 (6 VOCs found in both monomer and dimer forms) were successfully identified. The VOCs produced by K. pneumoniae in BC bottles (BacT/ALERT® SA) were primarily composed of organic acids, alcohols, esters, and ketones. The content of certain VOCs was significantly different between CRKP and CSKP after the addition of imipenem (IPM). Moreover, the inclusion of carbapenemase inhibitors facilitated the identification of carbapenemase-producing K. pneumoniae based on the variations in VOCs. This study demonstrates the utility of GC-IMS technology in identifying CRKP, and reveals that changes in VOCs are closely related to the growth and metabolism of K. pneumoniae, indicating that they can be leveraged to promote early identification of CRKP bacteremia. However, further in-depth studies and experiments are needed to validate our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuxing Li
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
- Department of Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Medicine, Clinical Laboratory of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Mingde Road No.1, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunwei Zheng
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
- Department of Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Medicine, Clinical Laboratory of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Mingde Road No.1, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuwen Zhao
- Department of Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Medicine, Clinical Laboratory of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Mingde Road No.1, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
- School of Public Health, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Junqi Zhu
- Department of Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Medicine, Clinical Laboratory of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Mingde Road No.1, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
- School of Public Health, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yaping Hang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
- Department of Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Medicine, Clinical Laboratory of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Mingde Road No.1, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Youling Fang
- Department of Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Medicine, Clinical Laboratory of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Mingde Road No.1, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
- School of Public Health, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Longhua Hu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China.
- Department of Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Medicine, Clinical Laboratory of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Mingde Road No.1, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China.
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Yuan MH, Kang S, Cho KS. A review of phyto- and microbial-remediation of indoor volatile organic compounds. Chemosphere 2024; 359:142120. [PMID: 38670503 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.142120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are crucial air pollutants in indoor environments, emitted from building materials, furniture, consumer products, cleaning products, smoking, fuel combustion, cooking, and other sources. VOCs are also emitted from human beings via breath and whole-body skin. Some VOCs cause dermal/ocular irritation as well as gastrointestinal, neurological, cardiovascular, and/or carcinogenic damage to human health. Because people spend most of their time indoors, active control of indoor VOCs has garnered attention. Phytoremediation and microbial remediation, based on plant and microorganism activities, are deemed sustainable, cost-effective, and public-friendly technologies for mitigating indoor VOCs. This study presents the major sources of VOCs in indoor environments and their compositions. Various herbaceous and woody plants used to mitigate indoor VOCs are summarized and their VOCs removal performance is compared. Moreover, this paper reviews the current state of active phytoremediation and microbial remediation for the control of indoor VOCs, and discusses future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Hao Yuan
- Department of Occupational Safety and Health, China Medical University, Taichung, 406, Taiwan
| | - Sookyung Kang
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Suk Cho
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, Republic of Korea.
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10
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Li P, Chen C, Liu D, Lian J, Li W, Fan C, Yan L, Gao Y, Wang M, Liu H, Pan X, Mao J. Characteristics and source apportionment of ambient volatile organic compounds and ozone generation sensitivity in urban Jiaozuo, China. J Environ Sci (China) 2024; 138:607-625. [PMID: 38135424 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2023.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Revised: 04/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, many cities have taken measures to reduce volatile organic compounds (VOCs), an important precursor of ozone (O3), to alleviate O3 pollution in China. 116 VOC species were measured by online and offline methods in the urban area of Jiaozuo from May to October in 2021 to analyze the compositional characteristics. VOC sources were analyzed by a positive matrix factorization (PMF) model, and the sensitivity of ozone generation was determined by ozone isopleth plotting research (OZIPR) simulation. The results showed that the average volume concentration of total VOCs was 30.54 ppbv and showed a bimodal feature due to the rush-hour traffic in the morning and at nightfall. The most dominant VOC groups were oxygenated VOCs (OVOCs, 29.3%) and alkanes (26.7%), and the most abundant VOC species were acetone and acetylene. However, based on the maximum incremental reactivity (MIR) method, the major VOC groups in terms of ozone formation potential (OFP) contribution were OVOCs (68.09 µg/m3, 31.5%), aromatics (62.90 µg/m3, 29.1%) and alkene/alkynes (54.90 µg/m3, 25.4%). This indicates that the control of OVOCs, aromatics and alkene/alkynes should take priority. Five sources of VOCs were quantified by PMF, including fixed sources of fossil fuel combustion (27.8%), industrial processes (25.9%), vehicle exhaust (19.7%), natural and secondary formation (13.9%) and solvent usage (12.7%). The empirical kinetic modeling approach (EKMA) curve obtained by OZIPR on O3 exceedance days indicated that the O3 sensitivity varied in different months. The results provide theoretical support for O3 pollution prevention and control in Jiaozuo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengzhao Li
- State Centre for International Cooperation on Designer Low-Carbon and Environmental Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Chun Chen
- State Centre for International Cooperation on Designer Low-Carbon and Environmental Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Environmental Monitoring Technology, Henan Ecological Environment Monitoring and Safety Center, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Dan Liu
- Henan Key Laboratory of Environmental Monitoring Technology, Henan Ecological Environment Monitoring and Safety Center, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Jie Lian
- Jiaozuo Ecological Environment Monitoring Center of Henan Province, Jiaozuo 454003, China
| | - Wei Li
- Jiaozuo Ecological Environment Monitoring Center of Henan Province, Jiaozuo 454003, China
| | - Chuanyi Fan
- Jiaozuo Ecological Environment Monitoring Center of Henan Province, Jiaozuo 454003, China
| | - Liangyu Yan
- State Centre for International Cooperation on Designer Low-Carbon and Environmental Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Yue Gao
- State Centre for International Cooperation on Designer Low-Carbon and Environmental Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Miao Wang
- State Centre for International Cooperation on Designer Low-Carbon and Environmental Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Hang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Xiaole Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Jing Mao
- State Centre for International Cooperation on Designer Low-Carbon and Environmental Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
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11
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Malik N, Singh V, Kumar K, Elumalai SP. VOC source apportionment, reactivity, secondary transformations, and their prioritization using fuzzy-AHP method in a coal-mining city in India. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2024; 31:25406-25423. [PMID: 38472578 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-32754-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
This study assessed the air quality status in different functional zones of Dhanbad-a coal-mining and industrial hub, based on the measurement of aromatic and halogenated volatile organic compounds (VOCs) using gas chromatography. The study encompasses source apportionment of VOCs and their chemical reactivity in terms of OH radical loss rate (LOH), ozone-forming potential (OFP), and their secondary organic aerosol forming potential (SOAp). Furthermore, prioritization of VOCs based on a fuzzy-analytical hierarchical process (F-AHP) has also been done. The results found xylene species to have the highest concentration in all three seasons across traffic-intersection and industrial zones and toluene at the institutional zone. The study identified four sources using positive matrix factorization (PMF) model, viz., mixed traffic exhaust (35%), coal combustion sources (30%), industrial (26%), and solvent usage (9%). LOH and SOAp were ~ 16 times more at the industrial and traffic-intersection zone than the institutional zone. The aromatic species contributed 97% to the OFP, and many species exhibited less contribution to the mixing ratio of VOCs but displayed a high contribution to LOH, OFP, and SOAp, suggesting the need to prefer reactivity-based strategies in addition to concentration-based strategies in the future for their regulation. The F-AHP-based priority component analysis identified 16 species out of 29 in the priority watch list (nine in tier-1, four in tier-2, and three in tier-3). The paucity of data and lack of ambient air quality standards on VOCs (except benzene) make it difficult to determine which aspect should be dealt with first and which species require more attention. Therefore, the F-AHP method used in this study could help identify the influencing parameters to be considered while devising efficient VOC management policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nidhi Malik
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines), Dhanbad, 826004, India
| | - Vivek Singh
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines), Dhanbad, 826004, India
| | - Krishan Kumar
- School of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110017, India
| | - Suresh Pandian Elumalai
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines), Dhanbad, 826004, India.
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12
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Huang D, Chen X, Tan R, Wang H, Jiao L, Tang H, Zong Q, Mao Y. A comprehensive metabolomics analysis of volatile and non-volatile compounds in matcha processed from different tea varieties. Food Chem X 2024; 21:101234. [PMID: 38420509 PMCID: PMC10900760 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2024.101234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Tea varieties play a crucial role on the quality formation of matcha. This research aimed to examine the impact of four specific tea plant varieties (Okumidori, Longjing 43, Zhongcha108, and E'Cha 1) on various aspects of matcha, including sensory evaluation, major components, color quality, volatile and non-volatile metabolomic profiles. The findings revealed that the levels of tea polyphenols, ester catechins, nonester catechins, and amino acids varied among these four varieties. Notably, 177 significant different metabolites, such as phenolic acids, flavonoids, tannins, alkaloids were identified among 1383 non-volatile compounds. In addition, 97 key aroma-active compounds were identified based on their odor activity value exceeding 1. Aldehydes, heterocyclic compounds, and ketones were closely associated with the formation of volatile metabolites. Overall, this study enhances our understanding of how different tea plant varieties impact the quality of matcha, and can provide valuable guidance for improving matcha varieties in a favorable direction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danjuan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Tea Resources Comprehensive Utilization of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Fruit and Tea Research Institute, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Science, Wuhan, Hubei 430064, China
| | - Xun Chen
- Key Laboratory of Tea Resources Comprehensive Utilization of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Fruit and Tea Research Institute, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Science, Wuhan, Hubei 430064, China
| | - Rongrong Tan
- Key Laboratory of Tea Resources Comprehensive Utilization of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Fruit and Tea Research Institute, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Science, Wuhan, Hubei 430064, China
| | - Hongjuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Tea Resources Comprehensive Utilization of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Fruit and Tea Research Institute, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Science, Wuhan, Hubei 430064, China
| | - Long Jiao
- Key Laboratory of Tea Resources Comprehensive Utilization of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Fruit and Tea Research Institute, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Science, Wuhan, Hubei 430064, China
| | - Haiyan Tang
- Hubei Vocational College of Bio-Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Qingbo Zong
- Fruit and Tea Office of Hubei Province, Wuhan, Hubei 430062, China
| | - Yingxin Mao
- Key Laboratory of Tea Resources Comprehensive Utilization of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Fruit and Tea Research Institute, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Science, Wuhan, Hubei 430064, China
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13
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Acquaticci L, Schouten MA, Angeloni S, Caprioli G, Vittori S, Romani S. Influence of baking conditions and formulation on furanic derivatives, 3-methylbutanal and hexanal and other quality characteristics of lab-made and commercial biscuits. Food Chem 2024; 437:137791. [PMID: 37883857 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.137791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Biscuit baking can cause the formation of heat-related toxic compounds, mainly through the Maillard reaction, including some volatile organic compounds (VOCs) that are potentially carcinogenic to humans. This study investigates the effects of different baking conditions and recipes on quality characteristics (moisture, water activity, colour, texture) and on the concentration of some VOCs (furfural, furfuryl acetate, 5-methylfurfural, furfuryl alcohol, 3-methylbutanal, hexanal) in biscuits. Specifically, lab-made biscuits baked under static and ventilated conditions and three commercial biscuit types categorised as shortbreads with eggs, with chocolate chips and dry petits were evaluated. Concerning the lab-made biscuits, the ventilated mode resulted in faster baking and a slightly lower concentration of investigated VOCs compared to the static mode. Besides the process conditions, the recipe also played a role in the final quality and target volatiles, whose concentrations were lower in dry petits than in shortbreads, which are characterised by higher sugar and fat contents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Acquaticci
- Chemistry Interdisciplinary Project (ChIP), School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Via Madonna delle Carceri, I-62032 Camerino, MC, Italy.
| | - Maria Alessia Schouten
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Cesena (FC) 47023, Italy.
| | - Simone Angeloni
- Chemistry Interdisciplinary Project (ChIP), School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Via Madonna delle Carceri, I-62032 Camerino, MC, Italy.
| | - Giovanni Caprioli
- Chemistry Interdisciplinary Project (ChIP), School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Via Madonna delle Carceri, I-62032 Camerino, MC, Italy.
| | - Sauro Vittori
- Chemistry Interdisciplinary Project (ChIP), School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Via Madonna delle Carceri, I-62032 Camerino, MC, Italy.
| | - Santina Romani
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Cesena (FC) 47023, Italy; Interdepartmental Centre for Agri-Food Industrial Research, University of Bologna, Cesena (FC) 47023, Italy.
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14
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Thapa B, Bell DS, Anderson JL. Extraction of volatile organic compounds liberated upon filament extrusion by 3D pen and its comparison with a desktop 3D printer using solid-phase microextraction fiber and Arrow. J Chromatogr A 2024; 1719:464740. [PMID: 38401373 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2024.464740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024]
Abstract
Desktop 3D printers that operate by the fused deposition modeling (FDM) mechanism are known to release numerous hazardous volatile organic compounds (VOCs) during printing, including some with potential carcinogenic effects. Operating in a similar manner to FDM 3D printers, 3D pens have gained popularity recently from their ability to allow users to effortlessly draw in the air or create various 3D printed shapes while handling the device like a pen. In contrast to numerous modern 3D printers, 3D pens lack their own ventilation systems and are often used in settings with minimum airflow. Their operation makes users more vulnerable to VOC emissions, as the released VOCs are likely to be in the breathing zone. Consequently, monitoring VOCs released during the use of 3D pens is crucial. In this study, VOCs liberated while extruding acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) filaments from a 3D pen were measured by solid-phase microextraction (SPME) combined with gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). SPME was investigated using the traditional fiber and Arrow geometries with the DVB/Carbon WR/PDMS sorbent while four different brands of ABS filaments-Amazon Basics, Gizmodork, Mynt 3D, and Novamaker-were used with the 3D pen. Heatmap analysis showed differentiation among these brands based on the liberated VOCs. The nozzle temperature and printing speed were found to affect the number and amount of released VOCs. This study goes a step further and presents for the first time a comparison between 3D pen and a desktop 3D printer based on liberated VOCs. Interestingly, the findings reveal that the 3D pen releases a greater number and amount of VOCs compared to the printer. The amounts of liberated VOCs, as indicated by the corresponding chromatographic peak areas, were found to be 1.4 to 62.6 times higher for the 3D pen compared to the 3D printer when using SPME Arrow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhawana Thapa
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - David S Bell
- Restek Corporation, 110 Benner Circle, Bellefonte, PA 16823, USA
| | - Jared L Anderson
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA.
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15
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Zhang L, Xu T, Wu G, Zhang C, Li Y, Wang H, Gong D, Li Q, Wang B. Photochemical loss with consequential underestimation in active VOCs and corresponding secondary pollutions in a petrochemical refinery, China. Sci Total Environ 2024; 918:170613. [PMID: 38307286 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
The photochemical loss of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) significantly alters the capturing source profiles in high-reactivity VOC species and results in an underestimation of secondary pollutants such as ozone (O3) and secondary organic aerosol (SOA). Utilising speciated VOC data from large petrochemical refineries, the research assesses the photochemical loss of various VOC species. Air samples from multiple sites revealed over 99 VOCs, with initial concentrations estimated via a photochemical age-based parameterisation method. The comparative analysis of initial and measured VOC values provided insights into the VOCs' photochemical degradation during transport. Findings highlight that the average photochemical loss of total VOCs (TVOCs) across different refinery process areas varied between 4.9 and 506.8 ppb, averaging 187.5 ± 128.7 ppb. Alkenes dominated the consumed VOCs at 83.1 %, followed by aromatic hydrocarbons (9.3 %), alkanes (6.1 %), and oxygenated VOCs (OVOCs) at 1.6 %. The average consumption-based ozone formation potential (OFP) and SOA formation potential (SOAP) were calculated at 1767.3 ± 1251.1 ppb and 2959.6 ± 2386.3 ppb, respectively. Alkenes, primarily isoprene, 1,3-butadiene, and acetylene, were the most significant contributors to OFP, ranging from 19.9 % to 95.5 %. Aromatic hydrocarbons, predominantly monocyclic aromatics like toluene, xylene, styrene, and n-dodecane, were the primary contributors to SOAP, accounting for 5.0 % to 81.3 %. This research underscores the significance of considering photochemical losses in VOCs for accurate secondary pollution assessment, particularly in high-reactivity VOC species. It also provides new detection methods and accurate data for the characterization, source analysis and chemical conversion of volatile organic compounds in the petroleum refining industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Zhang
- Institute for Environmental and Climate Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Joint Laboratory of Collaborative Innovation for Environmental Quality, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tong Xu
- Cambridge Centre for Environment, Energy and Natural Resource Governance, Department of Land Economy, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Gengchen Wu
- Institute for Environmental and Climate Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Joint Laboratory of Collaborative Innovation for Environmental Quality, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chengliang Zhang
- Institute for Environmental and Climate Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Joint Laboratory of Collaborative Innovation for Environmental Quality, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Yang Li
- Institute for Environmental and Climate Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Joint Laboratory of Collaborative Innovation for Environmental Quality, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Institute for Environmental and Climate Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Joint Laboratory of Collaborative Innovation for Environmental Quality, Guangzhou, China
| | - Daocheng Gong
- Institute for Environmental and Climate Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Joint Laboratory of Collaborative Innovation for Environmental Quality, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qinqin Li
- Institute for Environmental and Climate Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Joint Laboratory of Collaborative Innovation for Environmental Quality, Guangzhou, China
| | - Boguang Wang
- Institute for Environmental and Climate Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Joint Laboratory of Collaborative Innovation for Environmental Quality, Guangzhou, China; Australia-China Centre for Air Quality Science and Management (Guangdong), Guangzhou, China.
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16
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Yang H, Ren B, Huang Y, Zhang Z, Hu W, Liu M, Zhao H, Jiang G, Hao Z. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emissions from internal floating-roof tank in oil depots in Beijing: Influencing factors and emission reduction strategies analysis. Sci Total Environ 2024; 916:170222. [PMID: 38244630 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
The internal floating-roof tank is the main type of storage tank for refined oil products. The volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emission from the internal floating-roof tank plays a dominant role in the unorganized emission source of the oil depot. In this study, we selected six typical oil depots in Beijing to investigate VOC emission characteristics from the tank top vent hole using infrared imaging technology and flame ionization detector (FID). The results reveal that infrared thermal imager is efficient in quickly identifying the emission level of the tank discharge point. The ambient temperature and wind speed have a direct effect on sealing loss, the turnover can greatly influence the wall hanging loss, and the concentration of VOCs emitted from the tank top vent hole is negatively correlated with liquid height. Furthermore, the influence of accessories type of the internal floating-roof tank on the concentration of VOCs emission from the top vent hole is also studied when other parameters remain unchanged, and find the floating deck type and sealing mode have a significant influence on their VOCs emissions, of which the combination of pontoon type floating deck and secondary seal are effective in controlling the concentration of VOCs emitted from the tank top vent hole. Finally, based on our experimental results, several feasible emission reduction strategies are proposed in terms of source prevention and process control in order to achieve the fine management of the whole process. This paper provides important technical support and policy thoughts for VOCs emission control during oil storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongling Yang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for VOCs Pollution Prevention and Treatment Technology and Application of Urban Air, Beijing Municipal Research Institute of Eco-Environmental Protection, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Biqi Ren
- Beijing Key Laboratory for VOCs Pollution Prevention and Treatment Technology and Application of Urban Air, Beijing Municipal Research Institute of Eco-Environmental Protection, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Yuhu Huang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for VOCs Pollution Prevention and Treatment Technology and Application of Urban Air, Beijing Municipal Research Institute of Eco-Environmental Protection, Beijing 100037, China; School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300027, China.
| | - Zhongshen Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for VOCs Pollution Control Material & Technology, Research Center for Environmental Material and Pollution Control Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China
| | - Wei Hu
- Beijing Key Laboratory for VOCs Pollution Prevention and Treatment Technology and Application of Urban Air, Beijing Municipal Research Institute of Eco-Environmental Protection, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Mingyu Liu
- Beijing Vehicle Emission Management Center, Beijing 100176, China
| | - Huan Zhao
- National Engineering Laboratory for VOCs Pollution Control Material & Technology, Research Center for Environmental Material and Pollution Control Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China
| | - Guoxia Jiang
- National Engineering Laboratory for VOCs Pollution Control Material & Technology, Research Center for Environmental Material and Pollution Control Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China.
| | - Zhengping Hao
- National Engineering Laboratory for VOCs Pollution Control Material & Technology, Research Center for Environmental Material and Pollution Control Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China.
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17
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You G, Jin Z, Lu S, Ren J, Xie S. Emission factors and source profiles of volatile organic compounds in container manufacturing industry. Sci Total Environ 2024; 916:170138. [PMID: 38237787 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
The container manufacturing industry is the key contributor of industrial volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Emission factors (EFs) and source profiles of container manufacturing industry were comprehensively investigated basing on multiple VOCs discharge links. 17 samples were collected from a typical container manufacturing enterprise based on field measurements. The material balance method and weighted average method were applied to estimate EFs and establish VOCs source profiles. It is found that diluent use (DU) was the largest contributor (39.96 %), followed by intermediate painting spaying (IMPS), primer painting (PP), chassis painting (CP), exterior paint spaying (EPS), and interior paint spaying (IPS). EF of the container manufacturing industry (2.90 kg VOCs/ Twenty-foot Equivalent Units, TEU) was firstly estimated. EFs of six processes were further estimated. The EFs of DU, IMPS, PP, CP, EPS, and IPS were 1.22, 0.74, 0.42, 0.33, 0.20, and 0.00045 kg VOCs/TEU, respectively. EFs of six materials were further estimated. The EF of the diluent was largest (382.74 kg VOCs/t material), followed by water-based epoxy intermediate paint (132.09 kg VOCs/t material), organic-based epoxy zinc-rich priming paint (91.31 kg VOCs/t material). EFs of other paints ranged from 0.0047 to 43.01 kg VOCs/t material. These results suggest that the replacement of lower- VOCs- contained diluent and effective control from diluent consumption are dramatically conducive to VOCs reduction. Source profiles were established at the industry and individual process levels. Aromatics (77.05-98.38 %) were dominant components in all processes, followed by alkane and OVOCs. m/p-Xylene, o-xylene, and ethylbenzene were the key active species that should be prioritized for control. Overall, EFs and source profiles of the container manufacturing industry were firstly proposed, conducing to the systematic formulation of VOCs control strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guiying You
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Zengxin Jin
- Department of Ecology and Environment of Liaoning, Liaoning 110161, China
| | - Sihua Lu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Jie Ren
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Shaodong Xie
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
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18
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Jia J, Zhang B, Zhang S, Zhang F, Ming H, Yu T, Yang Q, Zhang D. Appropriate control measure design by rapidly identifying risk areas of volatile organic compounds during the remediation excavation at an organic contaminated site. Environ Geochem Health 2024; 46:136. [PMID: 38483758 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-024-01905-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Many organic contaminated sites require on-site remediation; excavation remediation processes can release many volatile organic compounds (VOCs) which are key atmospheric pollutants. It is therefore important to rapidly identify VOCs during excavation and map their risk areas for human health protection. In this study, we developed a rapid analysis and assessment method, aiming to and reveal the real-time distribution of VOCs, evaluate their human health risks by quantitative models, and design appropriate control measures. Through on-site diagonal distribution sampling and analysis, VOCs concentration showed a decreasing trend within 5 m from the excavation point and then increased after 5 m with the increase in distance from the excavation point (p < 0.05). The concentrations of VOCs near the dominant wind direction were higher than the concentrations of surrounding pollutants. In contrast with conventional solid-phase adsorption (SPA) and thermal desorption gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (TD-GC/MS) methods for determining the composition and concentration of VOCs, the rapid measurement of VOCs by photo-ionization detector (PID) fitted well with the chemical analysis and modeling assessment of cancer/non-cancer risk. The targeting area was assessed as mild-risk (PID < 10 ppm), moderate-risk (PID from 10 to 40 ppm), and heavy-risk (PID > 40 ppm) areas. Similarly, the human health risks also decreased gradually with the distance from the excavation point, with the main risk area located in the dominant wind direction. The results of rapid PID assessment were comparable to conventional risk evaluation, demonstrating its feasibility in rapidly identifying VOCs releases and assessing the human health risks. This study also suggested appropriate control measures that are important guidance for personal protection during the remediation excavation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianli Jia
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Ben Zhang
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuyue Zhang
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Fangtao Zhang
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Huyang Ming
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Tian Yu
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingyun Yang
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Dayi Zhang
- College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Regional Environment and Eco-restoration, Ministry of Education, Shenyang University, Shenyang 110044, People's Republic of China.
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Chen Y, Shen J, Wang W, Li L, Zheng D, Qi F, Wang X, Li Q. Comparison of the properties of phenolic resin synthesized from different aldehydes and evaluation of the release and health risks of VOCs. Environ Pollut 2024; 344:123419. [PMID: 38253164 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.123419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Different amounts of glyoxal and paraformaldehyde were used to synthesize phenol-glyoxal (PG) and phenol-paraformaldehyde (PPF) resins, which were compared with conventional phenol-formaldehyde (PF) resins. Glyoxal oxidation leads to a pH value of 9.83 for PG 2.2. With the addition of polyformaldehyde, PPF 2.2 exhibited the highest viscosity at 17333.33 mPa s. The PPF 2.0 plywood has a maximum bonding strength of 1.94 MPa. The formaldehyde emission of PG 1.8 plywood is found to have a minimum value of 0.025 mg/m3, reaching the ENF limit (≤0.025 mg/m3). Acetaldehyde is found only in volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions from PG plywood and is associated with increased glyoxal. PPF plywood emitted more aromatic and total VOC (TVOC) than the other two plywood types. The measured TVOC for PPF 2.2 is 196.07 μg/m3. The results showed that the total cancer risk (TCR) values of PPF 1.8, PPF 2.0, and PG 1.8 were above the threshold of 1.00E-4, indicating a definite carcinogenic risk. Acetaldehyde in the PG plywood exceeded the safety threshold for noncarcinogenic risk. The use of paraformaldehyde in the wood-based panel production is been considered a possible means of improving the bonding strength of plywood. Glyoxal has also been shown to be a viable method for lowering the formaldehyde emissions from plywood. The VOC emissions from plywood changed significantly depending on the aldehyde used. Limiting VOCs that present high health hazards is crucial for reducing the negative impact of plywood on both indoor environments and human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Chen
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Based Material Science & Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Material Science and Engineering, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China; Engineering Research Center of Advanced Wooden Materials of Ministry of Education, College of Material Science and Engineering, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Jun Shen
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Based Material Science & Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Material Science and Engineering, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China; Engineering Research Center of Advanced Wooden Materials of Ministry of Education, College of Material Science and Engineering, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China.
| | - Weidong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Based Material Science & Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Material Science and Engineering, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China; Engineering Research Center of Advanced Wooden Materials of Ministry of Education, College of Material Science and Engineering, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Lin Li
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Based Material Science & Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Material Science and Engineering, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China; Engineering Research Center of Advanced Wooden Materials of Ministry of Education, College of Material Science and Engineering, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Dezong Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Based Material Science & Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Material Science and Engineering, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China; Engineering Research Center of Advanced Wooden Materials of Ministry of Education, College of Material Science and Engineering, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Fei Qi
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Based Material Science & Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Material Science and Engineering, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China; Engineering Research Center of Advanced Wooden Materials of Ministry of Education, College of Material Science and Engineering, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Xiaodong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Based Material Science & Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Material Science and Engineering, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China; Engineering Research Center of Advanced Wooden Materials of Ministry of Education, College of Material Science and Engineering, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Quanji Li
- Layo Wood Industry Co., Ltd, Zhejiang, China
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20
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Ren H, Xia Z, Yao L, Qin G, Zhang Y, Xu H, Wang Z, Cheng J. Investigation on ozone formation mechanism and control strategy of VOCs in petrochemical region: Insights from chemical reactivity and photochemical loss. Sci Total Environ 2024; 914:169891. [PMID: 38190918 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.169891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/01/2024] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
To investigate disparities in VOCs pollution characteristics, O3 generation activity, and source apportionment outcomes resulting from photooxidation, online monitoring of 106 VOCs was conducted in Jinshan District, Shanghai from April to October 2020. The observed VOCs concentrations (VOCs-obs) were 47.1 ppbv and 59.2 ppbv for clear days (CD) and O3-polluted days (OPD), respectively. The increase in daytime concentrations of alkenes is a significant factor contributing to the enhanced atmospheric photochemical activity during the OPD period, corroborated by VOCs-loss, ozone formation potential (OFP), propy-equiv concentration, and LOH. The sensitivity analysis of O3-NOx-VOCs indicated that O3 formation was in a transitional regime towards NOx-limited conditions. The results of positive matrix factorization (PMF) demonstrated that refining and petrochemicals (20.8-25.0 %), along with oil and gas evaporation (15.6-16.7 %) were the main sources of VOCs concentrations. Notably, source apportionment based on VOCs-obs underestimated the contributions from sources of reactive components. It is worth highlighting that the sunlight impact & background source was identified as the major contributor to LOH (21.6 %) and OFP (25.3 %), signifying its significant role in O3 formation. This study reiterates the importance of controlling reactive VOC components to mitigate O3 pollution and provides a scientific foundation for air quality management, with emphasis on priority species and controlling sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huarui Ren
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Zhongyan Xia
- Fengxian District Environmental Monitoring Station, Shanghai 201400, China
| | - Lingbo Yao
- Fengxian District Environmental Monitoring Station, Shanghai 201400, China
| | - Guimei Qin
- Sinopec Shanghai Petrochemical Co., Ltd., Shanghai 200540, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Tianjin Product Quality Inspection Technology Research Institute, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Hui Xu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Zhuo Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Jinping Cheng
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
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21
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Huang H, Wang Z, Dai C, Wu H, Guo J, Wang C, Zhang X. Species profile and reactivity of volatile organic compounds emission in solvent uses, industry activities and from vehicular tunnels. J Environ Sci (China) 2024; 135:546-559. [PMID: 37778826 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2022.08.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
A survey was conducted of the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) released from sources of solvent use, industry activities and vehicle emissions in Guiyang, a capital city of China. Samples were collected by canisters and analyzed by GC-MS-FID. The species profiles of VOCs emitted from sources were obtained. Results showed that xylenes, ethylbenzene, acetone and dichloromethane were the characteristics species for painting, 2-propanol and ethyl acetate for printing, α-pinene for solid wood furniture manufacturing, and 2-butanone for biscuit baking. These characteristics species could be as tracers for the sources respectively. In most of samples from the solvent use, the benzene/toluene (B/T) ratio was less than 0.3, indicating that the ratio could be as the indicator for tracing the solvent use related sources. The results also suggested that the toluene/xylene (T/X) ratio be as the indicator to distinguish the VOCs sources of painting (<2) from the printing (>2). Aromatics contributed the most to ozone formation potential (OFP) of most painting and non-paper printing sources, and oxygen-containing VOCs (OVOCs) were major species contributing to OFP of the sources from food production and paper printing. The OFP of the VOCs emissions from vehicle in tunnels and from other manufactures were dominated by both aromatics and alkenes. The α-pinene could explain 56.94% and 32.54% of total OFP of the VOCs sources from filing cabinet and solid wood furniture manufacturing, which was rarely been involved in previous studies of VOCs source profiles, indicating that the species of concern for VOCs sources are still insufficient at present.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haimei Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhangwei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Chunhao Dai
- Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 430106, China
| | - Hai Wu
- National Institute of Metrology, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Jia Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Chunjie Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiaoshan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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22
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Abstract
Drawing on the recent enthusiasm in the carbon markets, I examine the impact of carbon prices on firm greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Using a sample of 1591 firms from 23 European countries, I demonstrate that an increase in carbon price decreases corporate GHG. At hypothesized higher carbon pricing levels, I document that the effect of pricing on corporate GHG emissions is negative. The negative impact of high carbon prices manifests in other harmful gases such as sulphur and volatile organic compounds (VOCs). In evaluating how the various phases of the EU emission trading scheme have affected firm greenhouse gas emissions, I show that the negative effect of pricing became pronounced in Phase 3 of the EU ETS. The findings from this study are robust to alternative econometric specifications and further sample selection criteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gbenga Adamolekun
- The Business School, Edinburgh Napier University, Edinburgh, EH14 1DJ, UK.
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23
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Zou Y, Yan XL, Flores RM, Zhang LY, Yang SP, Fan LY, Deng T, Deng XJ, Ye DQ. Source apportionment and ozone formation mechanism of VOCs considering photochemical loss in Guangzhou, China. Sci Total Environ 2023; 903:166191. [PMID: 37567293 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the sources and impact of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) on ozone formation is challenging when the traditional method does not account for their photochemical loss. In this study, online monitoring of 56 VOCs was carried out in summer and autumn during high ozone pollution episodes. The photochemical age method was used to evaluate the atmospheric chemical loss of VOCs and to analyze the effects on characteristics, sources, and ozone formation of VOC components. The initial concentrations during daytime were 5.12 ppbv and 4.49 ppbv higher than the observed concentrations in the summer and autumn, respectively. The positive matrix factorization (PMF) model identified 5 major emission sources. However, the omission of the chemical loss of VOCs led to underestimating the contributions of sources associated with highly reactive VOC components, such as those produced by biogenic emissions and solvent usage. Conversely it resulted in overestimating the contributions from VOC components with lower chemical activity such as liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) usage, vehicle emissions, and gasoline evaporation. Furthermore, the estimation of ozone formation may be underestimated when the atmospheric photochemical loss is not taken into account. The ozone formation potential (OFP) method and propylene-equivalent concentration method both underestimated ozone formation by 53.24 ppbv and 47.25 ppbc, respectively, in the summer, and by 40.34 ppbv and 26.37 ppbc, respectively, in the autumn. The determination of the ozone formation regime based on VOC chemical loss was more acceptable. In the summer, the ozone formation regime changed from the VOC-limited regime to the VOC-NOx transition regime, while in the autumn, the ozone formation regime changed from the strong VOC-limited regime to the weak VOC-limited regime. To obtain more thorough and precise conclusions, further monitoring and analysis studies will be conducted in the near future on a wider variety of VOC species such as oxygenated VOCs (OVOCs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Zou
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; Institute of Tropical and Marine Meteorology, China Meteorological Administration (CMA), Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - X L Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather & Institute of Tibetan Plateau Meteorology, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - R M Flores
- Marmara University, Department of Environmental Engineering, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - L Y Zhang
- Institute of Tropical and Marine Meteorology, China Meteorological Administration (CMA), Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - S P Yang
- Institute of Tropical and Marine Meteorology, China Meteorological Administration (CMA), Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - L Y Fan
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - T Deng
- Institute of Tropical and Marine Meteorology, China Meteorological Administration (CMA), Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - X J Deng
- Institute of Tropical and Marine Meteorology, China Meteorological Administration (CMA), Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - D Q Ye
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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24
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Mizuno M, Abe K, Kakimoto T, Yano K, Ota Y, Tomita K, Kagi N, Sekiya I. Volatile organic compounds and ionic substances contamination in cell processing facilities during rest period; a preliminary assessment of exposure to cell processing operators. Regen Ther 2023; 24:211-218. [PMID: 37519908 PMCID: PMC10371781 DOI: 10.1016/j.reth.2023.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Cell processing operators (CPOs) use a variety of disinfectants that vaporize in the workspace environment. These disinfectants can induce allergic reactions in CPOs, due to their long working hours at cell processing facilities (CPFs). Ionic substances such as CH3COO- generated from peracetic acid, nitrogen oxides (NOx) and sulfur oxides (SOx) from outdoor environment are also known to pollute air. Therefore, our objective was to assess the air quality in CPFs and detect volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from disinfectants and building materials, and airborne ionic substances from outdoor air. Methods Sampling was conducted at three CPFs: two located in medical institutions and one located at a different institution. Air samples were collected using a flow pump. Ion chromatographic analysis of the anionic and cationic compounds was performed. For VOC analysis, a thermal desorption analyzer coupled with capillary gas chromatograph and flame ionization detector was used. Results Analysis of the ionic substances showed that Cl-, NOx, and SOx, which were detected in large amounts in the outdoor air, were relatively less in the CPFs. Ethanol was detected as the main component in the VOC analysis. Toluene was detected at all sampling points. As compared to the other environments, air in the incubator contained larger amounts of VOCs, that included siloxane, tetradecane, and aromatics. Conclusions No VOCs or ionic substances of immediate concern to the health of the CPOs were detected during the non-operating period. However, new clinical trials of cell products are currently underway in Japan, and a variety of new cell products are expected to be approved. With an increase in cell processing, health risks to CPOs that have not been considered previously, may become apparent. We should continue to prepare for the future expansion of the industry using a scientific approach to collect various pieces of information and make it publicly available to build a database.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuru Mizuno
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 1-5-45, Bunkyo-ku, Yushima, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan
| | - Koki Abe
- Medical Environment Engineering Group, Center for Environmental Engineering, Institute of Technology, Shimizu Corporation, 3-4-17, Koto-ku, Etchūjima, Tokyo, 135-0044, Japan
| | - Takashi Kakimoto
- Medical Environment Engineering Group, Center for Environmental Engineering, Institute of Technology, Shimizu Corporation, 3-4-17, Koto-ku, Etchūjima, Tokyo, 135-0044, Japan
| | - Keiichi Yano
- Medical Environment Engineering Group, Center for Environmental Engineering, Institute of Technology, Shimizu Corporation, 3-4-17, Koto-ku, Etchūjima, Tokyo, 135-0044, Japan
| | - Yukiko Ota
- Medical Environment Engineering Group, Center for Environmental Engineering, Institute of Technology, Shimizu Corporation, 3-4-17, Koto-ku, Etchūjima, Tokyo, 135-0044, Japan
| | - Kengo Tomita
- Medical Environment Engineering Group, Center for Environmental Engineering, Institute of Technology, Shimizu Corporation, 3-4-17, Koto-ku, Etchūjima, Tokyo, 135-0044, Japan
| | - Naoki Kagi
- Department of Architecture and Building Engineering, School of Environment and Society, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Ookayama 2-12-1, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 152-8552, Japan
| | - Ichiro Sekiya
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 1-5-45, Bunkyo-ku, Yushima, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan
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25
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Yu SE, Athni TS, Mitchell MB, Zhou X, Chiang S, Lee SE. The Impact of Ambient and Wildfire Air Pollution on Rhinosinusitis and Olfactory Dysfunction. Curr Allergy Asthma Rep 2023; 23:665-673. [PMID: 38047993 DOI: 10.1007/s11882-023-01110-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW With increasing industrialization, exposure to ambient and wildfire air pollution is projected to increase, necessitating further research to elucidate the complex relationship between exposure and sinonasal disease. This review aims to summarize the role of ambient and wildfire air pollution in chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) and olfactory dysfunction and provide a perspective on gaps in the literature. RECENT FINDINGS Based on an emerging body of evidence, exposure to ambient air pollutants is correlated with the development of chronic rhinosinusitis in healthy individuals and increased symptom severity in CRS patients. Studies have also found a robust relationship between long-term exposure to ambient air pollutants and olfactory dysfunction. Ambient air pollution exposure is increasingly recognized to impact the development and sequelae of sinonasal pathophysiology. Given the rising number of wildfire events and worsening impacts of climate change, further study of the impact of wildfire-related air pollution is a crucial emerging field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie E Yu
- Division of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tejas S Athni
- Division of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Margaret B Mitchell
- Division of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Massachusetts Eye & Ear, Boston, USA
| | - Xiaodan Zhou
- Department of Statistics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Simon Chiang
- Division of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Stella E Lee
- Division of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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26
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Zhao S, Duan W, Cui N, Zhao D. Characterizing VOCs emissions of coal chemical enterprise in China: a case study in five coal chemical enterprises. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2023; 30:123983-123995. [PMID: 37995037 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-31039-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
Coal chemical-induced climate change has become a global concern. However, the dearth of comprehensive case studies and fundamental data has obstructed the accurate quantification of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emissions. This has failed to equip coal chemical industries with the necessary guidelines to implement effective emission reduction strategies. In response to this, the present study meticulously examined and contrasted the VOCs emissions from five distinct coal chemical enterprises in China. This was achieved through the application of life cycle assessment (LCA), a tool used to discern the primary factors influencing VOCs emissions and to identify potential avenues for VOCs emissions reduction. The analysis revealed that BT exhibited the highest emission intensity (5.58E-04 tons/ton), followed by ED (4.89E-04 tons/ton), YL (4.23E-04 tons/ton), XJ (2.94E-04 tons/ton), and SM (1.74E-04 tons/ton). Among these enterprises, coal-to-olefins enterprises predominantly discharged VOCs via sewage treatment (average 69.12%), while coal-to-methanol enterprises primarily emitted VOCs during circulating water cooling (40.02%). In coal-to-oil enterprises, storage and blending emerged as the principal source of VOCs emissions (56.83%). As a result, this study advocates that coal chemical enterprises concentrate on curbing VOCs emissions from highly concentrated wastewater, regulating the concentration of purgeable organic carbon in circulating water cooling systems, and instituting effective treatment methods for methanol storage tank emissions. These findings proffer invaluable insights for devising VOCs control measures in regions affected by intensive coal chemical production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shujie Zhao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, 266580, China
| | - Weichao Duan
- Qingdao Oasis Environmental & Safety Technology Co., Ltd, Qingdao, 266580, China
| | - Ning Cui
- Qingdao Oasis Environmental & Safety Technology Co., Ltd, Qingdao, 266580, China
| | - Dongfeng Zhao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, 266580, China.
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27
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Xie R, Lei D, Xie X, Suo Z, Leung DYC, Cao J, Ruimei F, Huang H. Accelerated oxidation of VOCs via vacuum ultraviolet photolysis coupled with wet scrubbing process. J Environ Sci (China) 2023; 134:55-64. [PMID: 37673533 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2022.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 04/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/01/2022] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
Vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) photolysis is a facile method for volatile organic compounds (VOCs) elimination, but is greatly limited by the relatively low removal efficiency and the possible secondary pollution. To overcome above drawbacks, we developed an efficient method for VOCs elimination via VUV photolysis coupled with wet scrubbing process. In this coupled process, volatile toluene, a representative of VOCs, was oxidized by the gas-phase VUV photolysis, and then scrubbed into water for further oxidation by the liquid-phase VUV photolysis. More than 96% of toluene was efficiently removed by this coupled process, which was 2 times higher than that in the gas-phase VUV photolysis. This improvement was attributed to the synergistic effect between gas-phase and liquid-phase VUV photolysis. O3 and HO• are the predomination reactive species for the toluene degradation in this coupled process, and the generation of O3 in gas-phase VUV photolysis can efficiently enhance the HO• production in liquid-phase VUV photolysis. The result from in-situ proton transfer reaction ionization with mass analyzer (PTR-MS) further suggested that most intermediates were trapped by the wet scrubbing process and efficiently oxidized by the liquid-phase VUV photolysis, showing a high performance for controlling the secondary pollution. Furthermore, the result of stability test and the reuse of solution demonstrated that this coupled process has a highly stable and sustainable performance for toluene degradation. This study presents an environmentally benign and highly efficient VUV photolysis for gaseous VOCs removal in the wet scrubbing process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruijie Xie
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Dongxue Lei
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China; Scientific Research Academy of GuangXi Environmental Protection, Nanning 530022, China
| | - Xiaowen Xie
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Ziyi Suo
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Dennis Y C Leung
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China.
| | - Jianping Cao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China.
| | - Fang Ruimei
- College of Environment and Resources, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Chongqing 400067, China
| | - Haibao Huang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China.
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Zhang X, Zhu Z, Rao R, Chen J, Han X, Jiang S, Yang Y, Wang Y, Wang L. Highly efficient visible-light-driven photocatalytic degradation of gaseous toluene by rutile-anatase TiO 2@MIL-101 composite with two heterojunctions. J Environ Sci (China) 2023; 134:21-33. [PMID: 37673530 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2022.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Revised: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
The construction of heterophase junctions by rutile-anatase TiO2 is considered an effective strategy for toluene degradation, but the photogenerated electron utilization is still insufficient. In this study, the formation of type-II heterojunction by the encapsulation of Materials of Institut Lavoisier (MIL-101) by anatase is performed, and then the heterophase junction is further constructed to improve the catalytic performance of the photocatalyst. The enhancement of photocatalytic performance depends on the encapsulation of MIL-101 by anatase, the light absorption capacity of anatase, and the contact area of two heterojunctions. Photogenerated electrons are transferred to oxygen vacancies of anatase and promoting the generation of oxygen-containing radicals. The material certifies the synergistic effect of the heterophase junction and heterojunction design and provides a theoretical basis for application in the degradation of volatile organic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodong Zhang
- School of Environment and Architecture, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China.
| | - Ziqiao Zhu
- School of Environment and Architecture, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Renzhi Rao
- School of Environment and Architecture, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Jinfeng Chen
- School of Environment and Architecture, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Xiwen Han
- School of Environment and Architecture, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Shuntong Jiang
- School of Environment and Architecture, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Yiqiong Yang
- School of Environment and Architecture, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Yuxin Wang
- Institute of Applied Biotechnology, Taizhou Vocation and Technical College, Taizhou 318000, China
| | - Lu Wang
- Public Experiment Center, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China.
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29
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Kong L, Zhou L, Chen D, Luo L, Xiao K, Chen Y, Liu H, Tan Q, Yang F. Atmospheric oxidation capacity and secondary pollutant formation potentials based on photochemical loss of VOCs in a megacity of the Sichuan Basin, China. Sci Total Environ 2023; 901:166259. [PMID: 37595915 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023]
Abstract
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are significant precursors to photochemical pollution. However, reactive VOC species are easily oxidized during transportation, resulting in a systematic underestimate of the measured concentrations. To address this, we applied an improved calculation method to correct the measured VOC concentrations into photochemical initial concentrations (PICs) in Chengdu, a megacity in the Sichuan Basin, China, which is highly vulnerable to complex pollution. In this study, 56 VOC species on the Photochemical Assessment Monitor Station (PAMS) target list were quantitatively monitored throughout all four seasons. Comparing to directly measured values, photochemically initialized total mixing ratios of VOCs increased by 18.6 % in general. The photochemical loss percentages of alkenes and aromatics were prominent in summer (68.6 %, 28.7 %) and spring (65.9 %, 24.7 %), respectively. Furthermore, we examined contributions of VOCs to atmospheric oxidation capacity (AOC) depending on PICs and found that maximum daily total AOC showed a surge in spring and summer. Besides hydroxyl radicals, daytime O3 in spring and late-afternoon nitrate radicals in summer were essential for AOC with PICs. As expected, alkenes and aromatics dominated PIC-based ozone formation potentials (OFPs). Furthermore, contribution of alkenes to secondary organic aerosol formation potentials reached 15.5 % and 7.6 % in spring and summer, respectively. Using positive matrix factorization model, we identified five VOC sources including vehicular exhaust, industrial emissions, solvent usage, biogenic sources, and liquefied petroleum gas/natural gas use. Based on PICs, biogenic sources were significantly underestimated in spring and summer. Meanwhile, m,p-xylene from solvent usage and isoprene from biogenic sources were the primary contributors to OFPs. Consequently, these results emphasize the significance of photochemically oxidized VOC concentrations, especially for reactive species in typical seasons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Kong
- College of Carbon Neutrality Future Technology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China; College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China; Yibin Institute of Industrial Technology, Sichuan University Yibin Park, Yibin 644000, China
| | - Li Zhou
- College of Carbon Neutrality Future Technology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China; College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China; Yibin Institute of Industrial Technology, Sichuan University Yibin Park, Yibin 644000, China.
| | - Dongyang Chen
- College of Carbon Neutrality Future Technology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China; College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China; Yibin Institute of Industrial Technology, Sichuan University Yibin Park, Yibin 644000, China
| | - Lan Luo
- Sichuan province Chengdu Ecological Environment Monitoring Center Station, Chengdu 610066, China
| | - Kuang Xiao
- Sichuan province Chengdu Ecological Environment Monitoring Center Station, Chengdu 610066, China
| | - Yong Chen
- Sichuan province Chengdu Ecological Environment Monitoring Center Station, Chengdu 610066, China
| | - Hefan Liu
- Chengdu Academy of Environmental Sciences, Chengdu 610072, China
| | - Qinwen Tan
- Chengdu Academy of Environmental Sciences, Chengdu 610072, China
| | - Fumo Yang
- College of Carbon Neutrality Future Technology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China; College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China; Yibin Institute of Industrial Technology, Sichuan University Yibin Park, Yibin 644000, China
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30
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Li S, Liu D, Wu Y, Hu K, Jiang X, Tian P, Sheng J, Pan B, Zhao D. Aging effects on residential biomass burning emissions under quasi-real atmospheric conditions. Environ Pollut 2023; 337:122615. [PMID: 37757938 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Emissions from biomass burning (BB) vastly contribute to the atmospheric trace gases and particles, which affect air quality and human health. After emission, the chemical evolution changes the mass and composition of organic aerosol (OA) in the diluted and aged plume. In this study, we used a quasi-real atmospheric smog chamber system to conduct aging experiments and investigated the multiphase oxidation of primary organic aerosol (POA) and the formation of secondary organic aerosols (SOA) in residential biomass burning plumes. We found that the emissions in the gas and particle phases were interlinked during the plume evolution. During photochemical aging, more oxidized OA was produced, and SOA formation increased by a factor of 2 due to functionalization reactions of gaseous precursors such as furans, phenols, and carbonyls. On the other hand, dark aging resulted in a lower OA mass enhancement by a factor of 1.2, with weaker oxidation from gaseous reactions. Dark aging experiments resulted in the generation of substantial quantities of nitrogen-containing organic compounds in both gas and particulate phases, while photochemical aging led to a notable increase in the concentration of gaseous carboxylic acids. Our observations show that the properties of SOA are influenced by exposure to sunlight radiation and oxidants such as OH or NO3 radicals. These results reflect the aging process of BB plumes in real-world atmospheric conditions and highlight the importance of considering various aging mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyuan Li
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences, School of Earth Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Dantong Liu
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences, School of Earth Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Yangzhou Wu
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences, School of Earth Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Kang Hu
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, 219 Ningliu Road, Nanjing, 210044, China
| | - Xiaotong Jiang
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences, School of Earth Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ping Tian
- Beijing Weather Modification Office, Beijing, 100089, China
| | - Jiujiang Sheng
- Beijing Weather Modification Office, Beijing, 100089, China
| | - Baiwan Pan
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences, School of Earth Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Delong Zhao
- Beijing Weather Modification Office, Beijing, 100089, China
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31
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Deng Y, Yu X, Yin J, Chen L, Zhao N, Gao Y, Ren A. Epichloë Endophyte Enhanced Insect Resistance of Host Grass Leymus Chinensis by Affecting Volatile Organic Compound Emissions. J Chem Ecol 2023:10.1007/s10886-023-01459-6. [PMID: 37917413 DOI: 10.1007/s10886-023-01459-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 09/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
In plant-herbivore interactions, plant volatile organic compounds (VOCs) play an important role in anti-herbivore defense. Grasses and Epichloë endophytes often form defensive mutualistic symbioses. Most Epichloë species produce alkaloids to protect hosts from herbivores, but there is no strong evidence that endophytes can affect the insect resistance of their hosts by altering VOC emissions. In this study, a native dominant grass, sheepgrass (Leymus chinensis), and its herbivore, oriental migratory locust (Locusta migratoria), were used as experimental materials. We studied the effect of endophyte-associated VOC emissions on the insect resistance of L. chinensis. The results showed that endophyte infection enhanced insect resistance of the host, and locusts preferred the odor of endophyte-free (EF) leaves to that of endophyte-infected (EI) leaves. We determined the VOC profile of L. chinensis using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and found that endophyte infection decreased the pentadecane (an alkane) emission from uneaten plants, and increased the nonanal (an aldehyde) emission from eaten plants. The olfactory response experiment showed that locusts were attracted by high concentration of pentadecane, while repelled by high concentration of nonanal, indicating that Epichloë endophytes may increase locust resistance of L. chinensis by decreasing pentadecane while increasing nonanal emission. Our results suggest that endophytes can induce VOC-mediated defense in hosts in addition to producing alkaloids, contributing to a better understanding the endophyte-plant-herbivore interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongkang Deng
- College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Xinhe Yu
- College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Jiaqi Yin
- College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Lei Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Nianxi Zhao
- College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Yubao Gao
- College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Anzhi Ren
- College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China.
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32
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Ayala CE, Vaughan SR, Pérez RL, Leonard BS, King B, Jorgensen K, Warner IM. Influence of humidity on accuracy of QCM - IR780-based GUMBOS sensor arrays. Anal Chim Acta 2023; 1278:341677. [PMID: 37709438 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2023.341677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
Herein, hydrophobic coating materials are reported for QCM detection of VOCs under dry and humid conditions. In this study, IR780-based GUMBOS ([IR780][OTf] and [IR780][NTf2]) were synthesized using an ion exchange reaction and the anions trifluoromethanesulfonimide ([OTf]) and bisperfluoromethanesulfonimide ([NTf2]). The parent iodide salts and GUMBOS ([IR780][I]), [IR780][OTf], and [IR780][NTf2]) were characterized using several analytical techniques. These salts were then employed as sensor coatings on quartz crystal resonators using an electrospray coating method. These sensors were exposed to four flow ratios of five common VOCs in the absence and presence of 10 vol% water. Fundamental frequency responses were recorded and further employed as input variables to develop highly accurate multi-sensor arrays (MSAs). Accuracy was better than 78.3% without water, and better than 91.7% in the presence of water. When multi-harmonic responses were evaluated as input variables to assess discrimination ability for each sensor, highly accurate virtual sensor arrays (VSAs) were developed using each GUMBOS coating. In the case of [IR780][NTf2], a slight improvement in discrimination was achieved in the presence of water (95%) versus the absence of water. Moreover, this study highlights development of readily synthesized hydrophobic coatings of IR780-based GUMBOS for potential detection and discrimination of VOCs in aqueous systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlan E Ayala
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, USA
| | - Stephanie R Vaughan
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, USA
| | - Rocío L Pérez
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, USA; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, GA, 30458, USA.
| | - Breona S Leonard
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, USA
| | - Baleigh King
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, GA, 30458, USA
| | - Kyle Jorgensen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, GA, 30458, USA
| | - Isiah M Warner
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, USA.
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33
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Jones AC, Lin PA, Peiffer M, Felton G. Caterpillar Salivary Glucose Oxidase Decreases Green Leaf Volatile Emission and Increases Terpene Emission from Maize. J Chem Ecol 2023; 49:518-527. [PMID: 37432514 DOI: 10.1007/s10886-023-01440-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
Caterpillar salivary glucose oxidase (GOX) can function as both an elicitor or as an effector of plant defense responses depending upon the system. Treatment with GOX reduces the stomatal aperture of tomato and soybean leaves, thereby reducing the emission of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), that are important indirect defense responses of plants by attracting natural enemies of the caterpillars. Here we examined the effect of fungal GOX (fungal glucose oxidases have been used to determine specificity in defense response elicitation) on stomatal closure of maize leaves and on the volatile emission pattern whole maize plants. We also used salivary gland homogenate from wild-type and CRISPR-Cas9 Helicoverpa zea mutants deficient in GOX activity to determine the effect caterpillar saliva with and without GOX had on maize volatile emission. Collecting volatiles at 2-hour intervals allowed us to examine the changes in emission over time. Fungal GOX reduced the stomatal aperture in maize leaves, which may have influenced the observed significant reduction in total green leaf volatile (GLV) emission. Furthermore, fungal GOX significantly increased the emission of several key terpenes: linalool, DMNT, and Z-β-farnesene from maize, while salivary gland homogenate from wild type (WT; GOX+) H. zea increased the emission of α-pinene, β-pinene, and ocimene compared to H. zea unable to synthesize GOX. This study addressed a significant knowledge gap about the effect of GOX on maize volatiles and provides a baseline for further research on the effect of GOX on the regulation of terpene synthase genes and their relation to terpene volatile emission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne C Jones
- (Entomology), Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA.
| | - Po-An Lin
- (Entomology), National Taiwan University, New Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Michelle Peiffer
- (Entomology), Pennsylvania State University, State College, Pennsylvania, PA, USA
| | - Gary Felton
- (Entomology), Pennsylvania State University, State College, Pennsylvania, PA, USA
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34
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Isinkaralar K. Improving the adsorption performance of non-polar benzene vapor by using lignin-based activated carbon. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2023; 30:108706-108719. [PMID: 37752402 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-30046-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
Both indoor and outdoor contamination continually contain benzene vapor. It has primary concerns about long-term health risks to the living environment. Benzene is a crucial airborne pollutant in the environment due to its apparent acute toxicity, high volatility, and poor degradability. It is especially urgent to restrain benzene emissions due to the persistent concentration increase and stringent processes. Benzene adsorption is a highly efficient mechanism with low cost, low energy consumption, and a simple process. In this study, biomass-derived porous carbon materials (TCACs) were synthesized by pyrolysis activation combined with H3PO4, HNO3, and HCl. TCAC44 has the best activation conclusion, showing that surface area and pore volume were 1107 m2/g and 0.58 cm3/g treated with H3PO4 and so was chosen for subsequent benzene adsorption/desorption tests. The adsorption capacities of benzene for TCAC44 were increased from 58 mg/g for 35 °C + 95% RH to 121 mg/g for 25 °C + 15% RH and presented a higher adsorption capacity of benzene than TCAC101 and TCAC133. Otherwise, well recyclability of TCAC44 was revealed as the benzene adsorption capacity reductions were 22.49% after five adsorption-desorption cycles. Furthermore, the present study established the property-application relationships to promote and encourage future research on the newly synthesized innovative TCAC44 for benzene removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaan Isinkaralar
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Kastamonu University, 37150, Kastamonu, Türkiye.
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35
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Zhu Y, Ju Y, Wang M, Yang Y, Wu R. Association of volatile organic compounds exposure with the risk of depression in U.S. adults: a cross‑sectional study from NHANES 2013-2016. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 2023; 96:1101-1111. [PMID: 37368145 DOI: 10.1007/s00420-023-01993-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are a broad class of chemicals, and previous studies showed that VOCs could increase the risk of central nervous system disorders. However, few studies have comprehensively explored their association with depression among general adults. OBJECTIVE We aimed to explore the association between blood VOCs and depression risk based on a large cross-sectional study of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). METHODS We analyzed data from 3449 American adults in the NHANES 2013-2016. Survey-weighted logistic regression model was used to explore the association of ten blood VOCs with depression. Subsequently, the relative importance of the selected VOCs was determined using the XGBoost model. The weighted quantile sum (WQS) regression model was used to explore the overall association of 10 blood VOCs with depression. Subgroup analyses were performed to identify high-risk populations. Finally, restricted cubic spline (RCS) analysis was utilized to explore the dose-response relationship between blood VOCs and the risk of depression. RESULTS XGBoost Algorithm model identified blood 2,5-dimethylfuran was the most critical variable in depression. The logistic regression model showed that blood benzene, blood 2,5-dimethylfuran, and blood furan showed a positive correlation with depression. In subgroup analysis, we found that the effects of the above VOCs on depression existed among the female, young middle-aged, and overweight-obese population. Mixture VOCs exposure was positively associated with depression risk (OR = 2.089, 95% CI: 1.299-3.361), and 2,5-dimethylfuran had the largest weights in WQS regression. RCS displayed that blood benzene, blood 2,5-dimethylfuran, and blood furan were positively associated with depression. CONCLUSION The results of this study indicated that VOCs exposure was associated with an increased prevalence of depression in U.S. adults. Women, young and middle-aged, and overweight-obese populations are more vulnerable to VOCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zhu
- Hefei Ion Medical Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230088, People's Republic of China
| | - Yinghui Ju
- Hefei Ion Medical Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230088, People's Republic of China
| | - Menglin Wang
- Hefei Ion Medical Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230088, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuying Yang
- Hefei Ion Medical Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230088, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Wu
- Hefei Ion Medical Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230088, People's Republic of China.
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Wu Y, Liu Y, Liu P, Sun L, Song P, Peng J, Li R, Wei N, Wu L, Wang T, Zhang L, Yang N, Mao H. Evaluating vehicular exhaust and evaporative emissions via VOC measurement in an underground parking garage. Environ Pollut 2023; 333:122022. [PMID: 37315887 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Vehicular emissions, including both tailpipe exhaust and evaporative emissions, are major anthropogenic sources of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in urban cities. Current knowledge on vehicle tailpipe and evaporative emissions was mainly obtained via laboratory tests on very few vehicles under experimental conditions. Information on fleet gasoline vehicles emission features under real-world conditions is lacking. Here, VOC measurement was conducted in a large residential underground parking garage in Tianjin, China, to reveal the feature of the exhaust and evaporative emissions from real-world gasoline vehicle fleets. The VOC concentration in the parking garage was on average 362.7 ± 87.7 μg m-3, significantly higher than that in the ambient atmosphere at the same period (63.2 μg m-3). Aromatics and alkanes were the mainly contributors on both weekdays and weekends. A positive correlation between VOCs and traffic flow was observed, especially in the daytime. Source apportionment through the positive matrix factorization model (PMF) revealed that the tailpipe and evaporative emissions accounted for 43.2% and 33.7% of VOCs, respectively. Evaporative emission contributed 69.3% to the VOCs at night due to diurnal breathing loss from numerous parked cars. In contrast, tailpipe emission was most remarkable during morning rush hours. Based on the PMF results, we reconstructed a vehicle-related VOCs profile representing the combination of the tailpipe exhaust and evaporative emission from fleet-average gasoline vehicles, which could benefit future source apportionment studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajun Wu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Urban Transport Emission Research & State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Ambient Air Particulate Matter Pollution Prevention and Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Urban Transport Emission Research & State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Ambient Air Particulate Matter Pollution Prevention and Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Peiji Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Urban Transport Emission Research & State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Ambient Air Particulate Matter Pollution Prevention and Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Luna Sun
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Urban Transport Emission Research & State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Ambient Air Particulate Matter Pollution Prevention and Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Pengfei Song
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Urban Transport Emission Research & State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Ambient Air Particulate Matter Pollution Prevention and Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Jianfei Peng
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Urban Transport Emission Research & State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Ambient Air Particulate Matter Pollution Prevention and Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China.
| | - Ruikang Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Urban Transport Emission Research & State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Ambient Air Particulate Matter Pollution Prevention and Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Ning Wei
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Urban Transport Emission Research & State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Ambient Air Particulate Matter Pollution Prevention and Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Lin Wu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Urban Transport Emission Research & State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Ambient Air Particulate Matter Pollution Prevention and Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Ting Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Urban Transport Emission Research & State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Ambient Air Particulate Matter Pollution Prevention and Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Lina Zhang
- Tianjin Academy of Eco-Environmental Sciences, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Ning Yang
- Tianjin Eco-Environmental Monitoring Center, Tianjin, 300192, China
| | - Hongjun Mao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Urban Transport Emission Research & State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Ambient Air Particulate Matter Pollution Prevention and Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
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37
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Wei C, Pan Y, Zhang W, He Q, Chen Z, Zhang Y. Comprehensive analysis between volatile organic compound (VOC) exposure and female sex hormones: a cross-sectional study from NHANES 2013-2016. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2023; 30:95828-95839. [PMID: 37561291 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-29125-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
There is growing evidence suggesting that exposure to volatile organic compounds (VOCs) can pose significant health risks, including interference with the function of the reproductive system. However, there has been a lack of research focused on the impact of common environmental VOCs on the levels of sex hormones in the general female population. In this study, we conducted a cross-sectional analysis utilizing the database of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES, 2013-2016). A total of 2633 participants were included in this study. The Pearson correlation model revealed the potential of co-exposure or co-toxicity between benzene and 2,5-dimethylfuran. According to GLM models, we discovered a significant positive association between blood levels of 2,5-dimethylfuran and benzene with testosterone levels in women. Subgroup analysis further identified that the women with underweight and healthy weight might be the high-risk subgroup. Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR) was applied to further assess the univariate and bivariate exposure-response relationships between multiple VOCs. Our research systemically formulated the possible relationship between exposure to VOCs and female sex hormones, indicating the role of VOCs as a risk factor for endocrine disruption, especially benzene and 2,5-dimethylfuran. These findings have important implications for public health and call for further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengcheng Wei
- Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Yao Pan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, 362000, China
| | - Wenting Zhang
- The First Clinical College, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Qingliu He
- Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, 362000, China
| | - Zhaohui Chen
- Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Clinical Research Center of Kidney Disease in Sichuan Province, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Medicine of School, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, China.
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Yang S, Chen S, He TF, Wei Y, Shen J. Preparation of sustainable mineral oil-free offset printing ink with vegetable oil esters. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2023; 30:97404-97415. [PMID: 37594716 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-29309-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
Mineral oils are used in substantial quantities for the production of varnishes and inks due to their abundance and versatility. However, as part of the production process, some of mineral oil components are separated as waste material, whereupon they can mix with air, water, or soil and become potentially harmful to the environment. Almost all these waste materials are volatile organic compounds (VOCs), chemicals that can easily evaporate at room temperature and have toxic effect. Therefore, a novel green, mineral oil-free offset printing ink was produced using vegetable oil esters as bio-renewable raw materials. Accompanying varnishes were prepared with linseed oil, methyl oleate, octyl stearate, and four types of resin (A, B, C, and D). The application of these varnishes to magenta color offset ink was subsequently studied to screen out the best combination of resin and ester in terms of setting time. Meanwhile, dyeing force tests were conducted to evaluate the ink's printability, while rheological analysis was done via viscosity and flowability tests. The setting time of the magenta color offset ink made by varnish A was observed to be considerably shorter than that of the ink samples prepared using varnishes B, C, and D. Furthermore, varnish A proved to be a good alternative varnish for the production of yellow, cyan, and black color offset printing inks. Samples of these inks were printed on coated paper, and their printability was contrasted against that of vegetable oil-based (pure vegetable oil), mineral oil-based, and other mineral oil-free offset printing inks. Results determined that the varnishes produced with linseed oil, methyl oleate, and octyl stearate can replace mineral oil-based varnishes for the production of offset printing ink.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shujie Yang
- Hangzhou Toka Ink Co., Ltd., Zhejiang, 310018, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shaojun Chen
- Hangzhou Toka Ink Co., Ltd., Zhejiang, 310018, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Tie Fei He
- Hangzhou Toka Ink Co., Ltd., Zhejiang, 310018, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yingjie Wei
- Hangzhou Toka Ink Co., Ltd., Zhejiang, 310018, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianbin Shen
- Hangzhou Toka Ink Co., Ltd., Zhejiang, 310018, Hangzhou, China
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Zhang H, Wang X, Shen X, Li X, Wu B, Li G, Bai H, Cao X, Hao X, Zhou Q, Yao Z. Chemical characterization of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted from multiple cooking cuisines and purification efficiency assessments. J Environ Sci (China) 2023; 130:163-173. [PMID: 37032033 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2022.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Cooking process can produce abundant volatile organic compounds (VOCs), which are harmful to environment and human health. Therefore, we conducted a comprehensive analysis in which VOCs emissions from multiple cuisines have been sampled based on the simulation and acquisition platform, involving concentration characteristics, ozone formation potential (OFP) and purification efficiency assessments. VOCs emissions varied from 1828.5 to 14,355.1 µg/m3, with the maximum and minimum values from Barbecue and Family cuisine, respectively. Alkanes and alcohol had higher contributions to VOCs from Sichuan and Hunan cuisine (64.1%), Family cuisine (66.3%), Shandong cuisine (69.1%) and Cantonese cuisine (69.8%), with the dominant VOCs species of ethanol, isobutane and n-butane. In comparison, alcohols (79.5%) were abundant for Huaiyang cuisine, while alkanes (19.7%), alkenes (35.9%) and haloalkanes (22.9%) accounted for higher proportions from Barbecue. Specially, carbon tetrachloride, n-hexylene and 1-butene were the most abundant VOCs species for Barbecue, ranging from 8.8% to 14.6%. The highest OFP occurred in Barbecue. The sensitive species of OFP for Huaiyang cuisine were alcohols, while other cuisines were alkenes. Purification efficiency assessments shed light on the removal differences of individual and synergistic control technologies. VOCs emissions exhibited a strong dependence on the photocatalytic oxidation, with the removal efficiencies of 29.0%-54.4%. However, the high voltage electrostatic, wet purification and mechanical separation techniques played a mediocre or even counterproductive role in the VOCs reduction, meanwhile collaborative control technologies could not significantly improve the removal efficiency. Our results identified more effective control technologies, which were conductive to alleviating air pollution from cooking emissions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanyu Zhang
- School of Ecology and Environment, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Food Chain Pollution Control, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Xuejun Wang
- School of Ecology and Environment, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Food Chain Pollution Control, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Xianbao Shen
- School of Ecology and Environment, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Food Chain Pollution Control, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Xin Li
- School of Ecology and Environment, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Food Chain Pollution Control, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Bobo Wu
- School of Ecology and Environment, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Food Chain Pollution Control, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Guohao Li
- Beijing Municipal Research Institute of Environmental Protection, Beijing Key Laboratory of Urban Atmospheric Volatile Organic Compounds Pollution Control and Application, National Urban Environmental Pollution Control Engineering Research Center, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Huahua Bai
- Beijing Municipal Research Institute of Environmental Protection, Beijing Key Laboratory of Urban Atmospheric Volatile Organic Compounds Pollution Control and Application, National Urban Environmental Pollution Control Engineering Research Center, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Xinyue Cao
- School of Ecology and Environment, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Food Chain Pollution Control, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Xuewei Hao
- School of Ecology and Environment, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Food Chain Pollution Control, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Qi Zhou
- School of Ecology and Environment, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Food Chain Pollution Control, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Zhiliang Yao
- School of Ecology and Environment, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Food Chain Pollution Control, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China.
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Heffernan D, Pilz M, Klein M, Haack M, Race AM, Brück T, Qoura F, Strittmatter N. Screening of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from liquid fungal cultures using ambient mass spectrometry. Anal Bioanal Chem 2023:10.1007/s00216-023-04769-6. [PMID: 37389599 PMCID: PMC10329071 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-023-04769-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
The potential of fungi for use as biotechnological factories in the production of a range of valuable metabolites, such as enzymes, terpenes, and volatile aroma compounds, is high. Unlike other microorganisms, fungi mostly secrete secondary metabolites into the culture medium, allowing for easy extraction and analysis. To date, the most commonly used technique in the analysis of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) is gas chromatography, which is time and labour consuming. We propose an alternative ambient screening method that provides rapid chemical information for characterising the VOCs of filamentous fungi in liquid culture using a commercially available ambient dielectric barrier discharge ionisation (DBDI) source connected to a quadrupole-Orbitrap mass spectrometer. The effects of method parameters on measured peak intensities of a series of 8 selected aroma standards were optimised with the best conditions being selected for sample analysis. The developed method was then deployed to the screening of VOCs from samples of 13 fungal strains in three different types of complex growth media showing clear differences in VOC profiles across the different media, enabling determination of best culturing conditions for each compound-strain combination. Our findings underline the applicability of ambient DBDI for the direct detection and comparison of aroma compounds produced by filamentous fungi in liquid culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Heffernan
- Department of Biosciences, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Garching, Germany
| | - Melania Pilz
- Department of Chemistry, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Garching, Germany
| | - Marco Klein
- Department of Biosciences, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Garching, Germany
| | - Martina Haack
- Department of Chemistry, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Garching, Germany
| | - Alan M Race
- Institute of Medical Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Brück
- Department of Chemistry, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Garching, Germany
| | - Farah Qoura
- Department of Chemistry, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Garching, Germany
| | - Nicole Strittmatter
- Department of Biosciences, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Garching, Germany.
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Gao M, Liu W, An X, Nie L, Du Z, Chen P, Liu X. Emission factors and emission inventory of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from hair products application in hair salons in Beijing through measurement. Sci Total Environ 2023; 878:162996. [PMID: 36963673 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Hair products application in hair salons is a potential VOCs emission source. 139 representative hair salons were investigated and 88 hair products were sampled to establish VOC emission factors and emission inventory. VOC emission factors were 6.75 g/kg for shampoo, 43.55 g/kg for hair mask, 27.62 g/kg for hair oil, 52.44 g/kg for hair dye, 32.01 g/kg for perm cream, 54.08 g/kg for elastin, 156.40 g/kg for hair styling gel, 78.88 g/kg for hair clay, 70.25 g/kg for hair wax, and 447.88 g/kg for hair styling spray. VOC emissions from hair products application in hair salons in Beijing had increased from 362.77 t in 2011 to 393.40 t in 2020. Hair styling spray, hair dye, perm cream and hair mask were the four largest contributors to total emissions, together accounting for 93.68 %. The high VOC emissions and emission intensity mainly located in six central urban districts. The per capita VOC emissions were 0.018 kg VOCs/person/year in 2020. Projection indicates it can reduce VOC emissions by 9.72 % by 2030 compared with that in 2020 if the VOC content limit standard of hair products will be implemented, otherwise, VOC emissions keep raising, urgently needing VOC control measures in hair products application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiping Gao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Urban Atmospheric Volatile Organic Compounds Pollution Control and Application, National Engineering Research Center of Urban Environmental Pollution Control, Beijing Municipal Research Institute of Eco-Environmental Protection, Beijing 100037, China.
| | - Wenwen Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Urban Atmospheric Volatile Organic Compounds Pollution Control and Application, National Engineering Research Center of Urban Environmental Pollution Control, Beijing Municipal Research Institute of Eco-Environmental Protection, Beijing 100037, China.
| | - Xiaoshuan An
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Urban Atmospheric Volatile Organic Compounds Pollution Control and Application, National Engineering Research Center of Urban Environmental Pollution Control, Beijing Municipal Research Institute of Eco-Environmental Protection, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Lei Nie
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Urban Atmospheric Volatile Organic Compounds Pollution Control and Application, National Engineering Research Center of Urban Environmental Pollution Control, Beijing Municipal Research Institute of Eco-Environmental Protection, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Zhenxia Du
- College of chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Panjin Chen
- College of chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Xiaoyu Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Urban Atmospheric Volatile Organic Compounds Pollution Control and Application, National Engineering Research Center of Urban Environmental Pollution Control, Beijing Municipal Research Institute of Eco-Environmental Protection, Beijing 100037, China
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Zhang Y, Wang D, Li H, Bai H, Sun M, Shi L. Formation mechanism of glandular trichomes involved in the synthesis and storage of terpenoids in lavender. BMC Plant Biol 2023; 23:307. [PMID: 37291504 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-023-04275-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lavender (genus Lavandula, family Lamiaceae) is an aromatic plant widely grown as an ornamental plant. The chemical composition of lavender is characterized by monoterpenoids, sesquiterpenoids, and other compounds, which are primarily synthesized and stored in epidermal secretory structures called glandular trichomes (GTs). Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are responsible for the aroma characteristics of plant oil that drive consumer preference. Aroma is usually regarded as a characteristic trait for the classification of aromatic plants. Interestingly, VOCs are synthesized and stored in GTs. Lamiaceae species such as purple perilla, peppermint, basil, thyme, and oregano usually possess two types of GTs: peltate glandular trichomes (PGTs) and capitate glandular trichomes (CGTs). But the development process of PGTs in lavender has been reported in only a few studies to date. RESULTS In this study, we identified and quantified the VOCs in four lavender cultivars by headspace-solid phase micro extraction-gas chromatography mass spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC-MS). A total of 66 VOCs were identified in these four cultivars, the most prominent of which were linalyl acetate and linalool, and flowers were the main site of accumulation of these VOCs. Here, we examined the developmental process of PGTs, including the formation of their base, body, and apex. The apex cells contained secretory cavities, which produced VOCs. Based on the reference genome sequence of the lavender cultivar 'Jingxun 2', several R2R3-MYB subfamily genes related to GT formation were identified. These results will guide the engineering of GTs and molecular breeding of lavender for improving the VOC content. CONCLUSIONS In this study, we identified the VOCs in four lavender cultivars. We analyzed the formation of GTs, and compared the number and diameter size of PGTs among four lavender cultivars. Additionally, we identified four candidate genes belonging to the R2R3-MYB family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing, 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Di Wang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Hui Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Hongtong Bai
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Meiyu Sun
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China.
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing, 100093, China.
| | - Lei Shi
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China.
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing, 100093, China.
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Mishra M, Chen PH, Bisquera W, Lin GY, Le TC, Dejchanchaiwong R, Tekasakul P, Jhang CW, Wu CJ, Tsai CJ. Source-apportionment and spatial distribution analysis of VOCs and their role in ozone formation using machine learning in central-west Taiwan. Environ Res 2023:116329. [PMID: 37276975 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
This study assessed the machine learning based sensitivity analysis coupled with source-apportionment of volatile organic carbons (VOCs) to look into new insights of O3 pollution in Yunlin County located in central-west region of Taiwan. One-year (Jan 1 to Dec 31, 2021) hourly mass concentrations data of 54 VOCs, NOX, and O3 from 10 photochemical assessment monitoring stations (PAMs) in and around the Yunlin County were analyzed. The novelty of the study lies in the utilization of artificial neural network (ANN) to evaluate the contribution of VOCs sources in O3 pollution in the region. Firstly, the station specific source-apportionment of VOCs were carried out using positive matrix factorization (PMF)-resolving six sources viz. AAM: aged air mass, CM: chemical manufacturing, IC: Industrial combustion, PP: petrochemical plants, SU: solvent use and VE: vehicular emissions. AAM, SU, and VE constituted cumulatively more than 65% of the total emission of VOCs across all 10 PAMs. Diurnal and spatial variability of source-segregated VOCs showed large variations across 10 PAMs, suggesting for distinctly different impact of contributing sources, photo-chemical reactivity, and/or dispersion due to land-sea breezes at the monitoring stations. Secondly, to understand the contribution of controllable factors governing the O3 pollution, the output of VOCs source-contributions from PMF model along with mass concentrations of NOX were standardized and first time used as input variables to ANN, a supervised machine learning algorithm. ANN analysis revealed following order of sensitivity in factors governing the O3 pollution: VOCs from IC > AAM > VE ≈ CM ≈ SU > PP ≈ NOX. The results indicated that VOCs associated with IC (VOCs-IC) being the most sensitive factor which need to be regulated more efficiently to quickly mitigate the O3 pollution across the Yunlin County.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manisha Mishra
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, 30010, Taiwan.
| | - Pin-Hsin Chen
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, 30010, Taiwan
| | - Wilfredo Bisquera
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, 30010, Taiwan
| | - Guan-Yu Lin
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tunghai University, Taichung, 407302, Taiwan.
| | - Thi-Cuc Le
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, 30010, Taiwan
| | - Racha Dejchanchaiwong
- Air Pollution and Health Effect Research Center, And Department of Chemical Engineering, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, 90100, Thailand
| | - Perapong Tekasakul
- Air Pollution and Health Effect Research Center, And Department of Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, 90100, Thailand
| | | | - Ci-Jhen Wu
- Environmental Protection Bureau, Yunlin County, Taiwan
| | - Chuen-Jinn Tsai
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, 30010, Taiwan
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Fang X, Liu Y, Xiao J, Ma C, Huang Y. GC-MS and LC-MS/MS metabolomics revealed dynamic changes of volatile and non-volatile compounds during withering process of black tea. Food Chem 2023; 410:135396. [PMID: 36634561 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.135396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), headspace solid-phase microextraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC-MS) and ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-Q-Exactive HF-X mass spectrometer (UHPLC-Q-Exactive HF/MS) were carried out to reveal dynamic changes of volatile and non-volatile compounds during the withering process of black tea. A total of 118 volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and 648 metabolites were identified in fresh and withered tea-leaves, respectively. Among them, 47 VOCs (OAV > 1.0) for the aroma formation, and 46 characteristic metabolites (VIP > 1.50, p < 0.01) selected through orthonormal partial least squares-discriminant analysis, indicated the withering contribution during black tea processing. Overall, the withering promoted alcohols, aldehydes, phenols, heterocyclic oxygen, hydrocarbons and halogenated hydrocarbons through relevant hydrolyzation, decomposition, terpene synthesis, and O-methylation. The hydrolyzation, O-methylation, condensation and N-acylation of kaempferol glycosides, quercetin glycosides, ester catechins, and gallic acid generated the accumulation of methoxyl flavonoids and flavonoid glucosides, dihydrokaempferol, syringic acid, theaflavins, and N-acylated amino acids, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Fang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, and Tea Science Department of College of Horticulture & Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430064, China
| | - Yanan Liu
- Zhejiang Minghuang Natural Products Development Co., Ltd, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310000, China
| | - Jingyi Xiao
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, and Tea Science Department of College of Horticulture & Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430064, China
| | - Cunqiang Ma
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, and Tea Science Department of College of Horticulture & Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430064, China
| | - Youyi Huang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, and Tea Science Department of College of Horticulture & Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430064, China.
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Hua Y, Verma S, Younis SA, Heynderickx PM, Kim KH. Effects of gas phase composition on competitive adsorption properties of formaldehyde on titanium dioxide-supported platinum in single and mixture compositions. Sci Total Environ 2023:163924. [PMID: 37268122 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.163924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Titanium dioxide-supported platinum (Pt@TiO2) is regarded as a highly efficient catalyst to degrade various volatile organic compounds (VOCs). To learn more about the hybrid adsorption/catalysis process of Pt@TiO2, the adsorption behavior of FA onto Pt@TiO2 was studied both as single and as multicomponent phases (FA plus four aromatic compounds of benzene, toluene, m-xylene, and styrene (BTXS) through the control of key process variables (e.g., VOCs concentration, relative humidity (RH) levels, and dosage). Moreover, the adsorption performance of Pt@TiO2 against FA was evaluated in terms of key performance metrics such as breakthrough volume (BTV), partition coefficient (PC), and adsorption capacity (Q). The doping of TiO2 with Pt metal ions was demonstrated as an efficient option to enhance the FA adsorption capacity (e.g., by 50 % higher than pristine TiO2) with increased OH (OII) surface active sites and surface porosity. However, the co-presence of BTXS and water vapor greatly reduced its adsorption affinity for FA vapor (e.g., by 2 to 3 folds of magnitude) due to their competitive inhibition on the adsorption interaction. According to the kinetic and isotherms analysis, a complex, multilayered physicochemical process appears to govern the overall adsorption of FA molecules onto Pt@TiO2 surface. Overall, the outcomes of this work are helpful to verify the enhanced removal potential of Pt@TiO2 against FA through sequential adsorption and catalytic reaction mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongbiao Hua
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-Ro, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Swati Verma
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-Ro, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Sherif A Younis
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-Ro, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea; Analysis and Evaluation Department, Egyptian Petroleum Research Institute (EPRI), Nasr City, Cairo 11727, Egypt
| | - Philippe M Heynderickx
- Center for Environmental and Energy Research (CEER) - Engineering of Materials via Catalysis and Characterization, Ghent University Global Campus, 119-5 Songdomunhwa-Ro, Yeonsu-Gu, Incheon 406-840, South Korea; Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, Ghent B-9000, Belgium
| | - Ki-Hyun Kim
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-Ro, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea.
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Sun XH, Qi X, Han YD, Guo ZJ, Cui CB, Lin CQ. Characteristics of changes in volatile organic compounds and microbial communities during the storage of pickles. Food Chem 2023; 409:135285. [PMID: 36586248 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.135285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The variations of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and microbial communities of three pickles during storage at 4°C for one week were analyzed by headspace-gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry (HS-GC-IMS), high-throughput sequencing, and Spearman correlation analysis. A total of 50 VOCs were identified from three pickles. During storage, most alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, and esters decreased, while acids increased, and sulfides, alkenes, and phenols were relatively equal. Firmicutes, Cyanobacteria, and Proteobacteria were the predominant bacterial phyla, and Weissella, Streptophyta, Leuconostoc, Bacillariophyta, and Lactobacillus were the predominant bacterial genera in three pickles. The bacterial diversity level significantly decreased during storage (P < 0.05). Spearman correlation coefficient indicated that Leuconostoc, Lactobacillus, and Weissella were highly correlated with the flavor of pickles, while Bacillariophyta and Streptophyta were highly correlated with the flavor formation of pickles during storage. These results could contribute to a better understanding of the impact of bacteria in flavor formation during pickle storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi-Han Sun
- Agricultural College, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin 133000, China
| | - Xin Qi
- Pharma College, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin 133000, China
| | - Yu-di Han
- Convergence College, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin 133000, China
| | - Zhi-Jun Guo
- Agricultural College, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin 133000, China
| | - Cheng-Bi Cui
- Agricultural College, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin 133000, China; Pharma College, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin 133000, China; Convergence College, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin 133000, China; Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine Research of Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin 133000, China.
| | - Chang-Qing Lin
- Medical College, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin 133000, China.
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Zhang R, He X, Liu J, Xiong J. VOC transport in an occupied residence: Measurements and predictions via deep learning. Sci Total Environ 2023:164559. [PMID: 37263430 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.164559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Monitoring and prediction of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in realistic indoor settings are essential for source characterization, apportionment, and exposure assessment, while it has seldom been examined previously. In this study, we conducted a field campaign on ten typical VOCs in an occupied residence, and obtained the time-resolved VOC dynamics. Feature importance analysis illustrated that air change rate (ACR) has the greatest impact on the VOC concentration levels. We applied three multi-feature (temperature, relative humidity, ACR) deep learning models to predict the VOC concentrations over ten days in the residence, indicating that the long short-term memory (LSTM) model owns the best performance, with predictions the closest to the observed data, compared with the other two models, i.e., recurrent neural network (RNN) model and gated recurrent unit (GRU) model. We also found that human activities could significantly affect VOC emissions in some observed erupted peaks. Our study provides a promising pathway of estimating long-term transport characteristics and exposures of VOCs under varied conditions in realistic indoor environments via deep learning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zhang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xinglei He
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jialong Liu
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jianyin Xiong
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China; Department of Environmental Science, Policy and Management, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, United States; State Key Laboratory of Green Building in Western China, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China.
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48
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Pang X, Li W, Wang S, Wu Z, Sun S, Lyu Y, Chen D, Li H. Application of homemade portable gas chromatography coupled to photoionization detector for the detection of volatile organic compounds in an industrial park. J Chromatogr A 2023; 1704:464089. [PMID: 37307636 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2023.464089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Traditional offline detection of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) requires complex and time-consuming pre-treatments including gas sampling in containers, pre-concentrations, and thermal desorption, which hinders its application in rapid VOCs monitoring. Developing a cost-effective instrument is of great importance for online measurement of VOCs. Recently, photoionization detectors (PID) are received great attention due to their fast response time and high sensitivity. This study a portable gas chromatography coupled to PID (pGC-PID) was developed and optimized experimental parameters for the application in online monitoring of VOCs at an industrial site. The sampling time, oven temperature and carrier gas flow rate were optimized as 80 s, 50 °C and 60 ml·min-1, respectively. The sampling method is direct injection. Poly tetra fluoroethylene (PTFE) filter membranes were selected to remove particulate matter from interfering with PID. The reproducibility and peak separation were good with relative standard deviations (RSD) ≤ 7%. Good linearities of 27 VOCs standard curves were achieved with R2 ≥ 0.99, and the detection limits were ≤10 ppb with the lowest being 2 ppb for 1,1,2-Trichloroethane. Finally, the pGC-PID is successfully applied in online VOCs monitoring at an industrial site. A total of 17 VOCs species was detected and their diurnal variations were well obtained, indicating pGC-PID is well suited for online analysis in field campaign.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobing Pang
- School of Environmental and Energy Engineering, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing 100044, China; College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310000, China.
| | - Wenke Li
- School of Environmental and Energy Engineering, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Shuaiqi Wang
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - Zhentao Wu
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - Songhua Sun
- Shaoxing Ecological and Environmental Monitoring Center of Zhejiang Province, Shaoxing 312000, China
| | - Yan Lyu
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - Dongzhi Chen
- School of Petrochemical Engineering&Environment, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China
| | - Haiyan Li
- School of Environmental and Energy Engineering, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing 100044, China
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Yang Y, Shen J, Chen H, Liang Z, Liu X, Ji H. Emission inventories, emission factors, and composition profiles of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and heavy metals (HMs) from an electronic waste dismantling park in southern China. Environ Pollut 2023:121890. [PMID: 37236584 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Electronic waste (e-waste) dismantling is a significant source of atmospheric pollutants, including volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and heavy metals (HMs), which may have adverse effects on the surrounding environment and residents. However, the organized emission inventories and emission characteristics of VOCs and HMs from e-waste dismantling are not well documented. In this study, the concentrations and components of VOCs and HMs were monitored at the exhaust gas treatment facility from two process areas of a typical e-waste dismantling park in southern China in 2021. Emission inventories of VOCs and HMs were established, with total emissions of 8.85 t/a and 18.3 kg/a for VOCs and HMs in this park, respectively. The cutting & crushing (CC) area was the largest emissions source, accounting for 82.6% of VOCs and 79.9% of HMs, respectively, while the baking plate (BP) area had higher emission factors. Additionally, the concentration and composition of VOCs and HMs in the park were also analyzed. For VOCs, the concentrations of halogenated hydrocarbons and aromatic hydrocarbons were comparable in the park, while m/p-xylene, o-xylene, and chlorobenzene were the key VOC species. The HM concentrations followed the order of Pb > Cu > Mn > Ni > As > Cd > Hg, with Pb and Cu being the main heavy metals released. This is the first VOC and HM emission inventory for the e-waste dismantling park, and our data will lay a solid ground for pollution control and management for the e-waste dismantling industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Yang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China; Synergy Innovation Institute of GDUT, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China.
| | - Jiarui Shen
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China; Synergy Innovation Institute of GDUT, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Haojia Chen
- Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Petrochemical Resource Processing and Process Intensification Technology, Guangxi University, Guangxi, Nanning, 530000, PR China
| | - Zhiqin Liang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China; Synergy Innovation Institute of GDUT, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaotu Liu
- School of Environment and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Hongbing Ji
- Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Petrochemical Resource Processing and Process Intensification Technology, Guangxi University, Guangxi, Nanning, 530000, PR China
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Xie H, Gao W, Zhao W, Han Y, Gao Y, Liu B, Han Y. Source profile study of VOCs unorganized emissions from typical aromatic devices in petrochemical industry. Sci Total Environ 2023; 889:164098. [PMID: 37201815 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.164098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are significant pollutants generated during the processes of petroleum refining and chemical production. Aromatic hydrocarbons, in particular, pose a great risk to human health. Nevertheless, unorganized emissions of VOCs from typical aromatics units remain poorly studied and reported. Therefore, it is vital to achieve precise control over aromatic hydrocarbons while managing VOCs. In this study, two typical aromatics production devices in petrochemical enterprises, namely aromatics extraction devices and ethylbenzene devices, were selected. The fugitive emissions of VOCs from the process pipelines in the units were investigated. Samples were collected and transferred using the EPA bag sampling method and HJ 644-2013 and analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The results indicated that a total of 112 VOCs were emitted during the six rounds of sampling in the two types of devices, with alkanes (61 %), aromatic hydrocarbons (24 %), and olefins (8 %) being the primary types of VOCs emitted. The results also revealed the unorganized emissions characteristic substances of VOCs in the two types of devices, with slight differences in the types of VOCs emitted. The study found significant differences in the detection concentrations of aromatic hydrocarbons and olefins, as well as the types of detected chlorinated organic compounds (CVOCs), between the two sets of aromatics extraction units in distinct regions. These differences were closely related to the processes and leakages in the devices and can be effectively controlled by enhancing leak detection and repair (LDAR) and other measures. This article offers guidance for compiling VOCs emission inventories and improving the management of VOCs emissions in petrochemical enterprises by refining the source spectrum at the device scale. The findings are significant for analyzing VOCs unorganized emission factors and promoting safe production in enterprises.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Xie
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Jilin Institute of Chemical Technology, Jilin 132000, China; VOCs Technical Support Center of CNPC, Jilin 132000, China
| | - Wenxiu Gao
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Jilin Institute of Chemical Technology, Jilin 132000, China.
| | - Wentao Zhao
- Jilin Branch of China Kunlun Engineering Co. Ltd., Jilin 132000, China; VOCs Technical Support Center of CNPC, Jilin 132000, China
| | - Yajiao Han
- Jilin Branch of China Kunlun Engineering Co. Ltd., Jilin 132000, China; VOCs Technical Support Center of CNPC, Jilin 132000, China
| | - Yongping Gao
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Jilin Institute of Chemical Technology, Jilin 132000, China
| | - Bai Liu
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Jilin Institute of Chemical Technology, Jilin 132000, China
| | - Yuan Han
- Jilin Branch of China Kunlun Engineering Co. Ltd., Jilin 132000, China; VOCs Technical Support Center of CNPC, Jilin 132000, China
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