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Lee S, Woo CJ, Jung HI, Nam KC, Lim JS, Kwak BS. Formation Pattern Analysis of Spheroids Formed by a Droplet-Based Microfluidic System for Predicting the Aggressiveness of Tumor Cells. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2024; 10:2477-2485. [PMID: 38483467 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.4c00005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Examining tumor heterogeneity is essential for selecting an appropriate anticancer treatment for an individual. This study aimed to distinguish low- and high-aggressive tumor cells by analyzing the formation patterns of spheroids. The droplet-based microfluidic system was employed for the formation of each spheroid from four different subtypes of breast tumor cells. Additionally, heterotypic spheroids with T lymphocytes and cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) were produced, and distinctions between low- and high-aggressive tumor cells were explored through the analysis of formation patterns using circularity, convexity, and cell distributions. In both homotypic spheroids and heterotypic spheroids with T lymphocytes, spheroids formed from low-aggressive tumor cells exhibited high circularity and convexity. On the other hand, spheroids formed from high-aggressive tumor cells had relatively low circularity and convexity. In the case of heterotypic spheroids with CAFs, circularity and convexity did not exhibit clear differences between low- and high-aggressive tumor cells, but distinct variations were observed in cell distributions. CAFs and low-aggressive tumor cells were evenly distributed, whereas the CAFs were predominantly located in the inner layer, and high-aggressive tumor cells were primarily located in the outer layer. This finding can offer valuable insights into predicting the aggressiveness of unknown tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunghan Lee
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seadaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
- College of Medicine, Dongguk University, 32 Dongguk-ro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyangsi 10326, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Jae Woo
- College of Medicine, Dongguk University, 32 Dongguk-ro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyangsi 10326, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
- National Cancer Center, 323 Ilsan-ro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si 10408, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo-Il Jung
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seadaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
- The DABOM Inc., Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Chang Nam
- College of Medicine, Dongguk University, 32 Dongguk-ro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyangsi 10326, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Seok Lim
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-ro, Gyeongsan-si 38541, Gyeongsanbuk-do, Republic of Korea
- MediSphere Inc., Gyeongsan-si 38541, Gyeongsanbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Bong Seop Kwak
- College of Medicine, Dongguk University, 32 Dongguk-ro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyangsi 10326, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
- MediSphere Inc., Gyeongsan-si 38541, Gyeongsanbuk-do, Republic of Korea
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2
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Rezzi S, Schwab CN, Kourmpetis Y, Kussmann M, Canarelli S, Darioli R. Nutrient efficiency at the core of nutrition and sustainability. Front Nutr 2024; 10:1248895. [PMID: 38249595 PMCID: PMC10796463 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1248895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Serge Rezzi
- Swiss Nutrition and Health Foundation, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Christian Nils Schwab
- Integrative Food and Nutrition Center, École polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Martin Kussmann
- Kompetenzzentrum für Ernährung (KErn), Freising, Germany
- Kussmann Biotech GmbH, Nordkirchen, Germany
| | | | - Roger Darioli
- Swiss Nutrition and Health Foundation, Epalinges, Switzerland
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3
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Raak N, Mangieri N, Foschino R, Corredig M. Shaping Future Foods through Fermentation of Side Streams: Microbial, Chemical, and Physical Characteristics of Fermented Blends from Sunflower Seed Press Cake and Cheese Whey. Foods 2023; 12:4099. [PMID: 38002157 PMCID: PMC10670258 DOI: 10.3390/foods12224099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The current food system suffers from the inefficient use of resources, including the generation of side streams of low economic value that still contain nutritional components. One potential approach to reach a more sustainable food system is to reintroduce such side streams into a circular value chain and valorise them in novel food products, preferably in an unrefined or minimally refined manner. Blending side streams from different industries might be a suitable way to improve the nutritional value of the final matrix. In this study, sunflower seed press cake and cheese whey were combined to obtain matrices containing valuable proteins, structuring polysaccharides, as well as lactose and minerals facilitating fermentation with three different co-cultures of lactic acid bacteria and yeasts. Fermentation for 48 h at 26 °C decreased the pH from ~6.3 to ~4.7 and enhanced the storage stability of the blends with no effect on their rheological properties and microstructure. This research demonstrates the potential of fermentation as a mean to stabilise side stream blends while only minimally affecting their physical appearance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norbert Raak
- Department of Food Science, Aarhus University, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark; (N.R.); (N.M.)
- CiFOOD Centre for Innovative Food Research, Aarhus University, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Nicola Mangieri
- Department of Food Science, Aarhus University, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark; (N.R.); (N.M.)
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Roberto Foschino
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy;
| | - Milena Corredig
- Department of Food Science, Aarhus University, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark; (N.R.); (N.M.)
- CiFOOD Centre for Innovative Food Research, Aarhus University, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
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van Lin R, Sosa Fernandez PA, Visser T, de Wit P. Screening of Commercial Organic Solvent Nanofiltration Membranes for Purification of Plastic Waste Pyrolysis Liquids. Membranes (Basel) 2023; 13:792. [PMID: 37755214 PMCID: PMC10534780 DOI: 10.3390/membranes13090792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
Increasing consumption rates of plastics, combined with the waste generated from their production, leads to several environmental problems. Presently, plastic recycling takes account of only about 10% of the plastic waste, which is achieved mainly through mechanical recycling. Chemical recycling methods, such as pyrolysis, could significantly increase overall recycling rates and reduce the need for the production of fossil-based chemicals. Produced pyrolysis oil can be used for the production of benzene, toluene and xylene (BTX) through catalytic upgrading or for the production of alkanes if used directly. Separation of high-value components in pyrolysis oil derived from plastic waste through traditional separation methods can be energy intensive. Organic solvent nanofiltration has been recognised as an alternative with very low energy consumption, as separation is not based on a phase transition. This work focuses on the screening of several (semi-) commercially available membranes using a simplified model mixture of pyrolysis oil obtained from plastics. Based on membrane performance, a selection of membranes was used to treat a feedstock obtained from the direct pyrolysis of plastics. This work shows that currently, commercial OSN membranes have promising separation performance on model mixtures while showing insufficient and non-selective separation at very low flux for complex mixtures derived from the pyrolysis of plastics. This indicates that OSN is indeed a promising technology but that membranes should likely be tailored to this specific application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rick van Lin
- Membrane Science and Technology Cluster, University of Twente, Drienerlolaan 5, 7522 NB Enschede, The Netherlands
- EMI Twente B.V., Drienerlolaan 5, 7522 NB Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Paulina A Sosa Fernandez
- Membrane Science and Technology Cluster, University of Twente, Drienerlolaan 5, 7522 NB Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Tymen Visser
- Membrane Science and Technology Cluster, University of Twente, Drienerlolaan 5, 7522 NB Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Patrick de Wit
- Membrane Science and Technology Cluster, University of Twente, Drienerlolaan 5, 7522 NB Enschede, The Netherlands
- EMI Twente B.V., Drienerlolaan 5, 7522 NB Enschede, The Netherlands
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5
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Morrow R, Ribul M, Eastmond H, Lanot A, Baurley S. Bio-Producing Bacterial Cellulose Filaments through Co-Designing with Biological Characteristics. Materials (Basel) 2023; 16:4893. [PMID: 37512168 PMCID: PMC10381431 DOI: 10.3390/ma16144893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
The need for circular textiles has led to an interest in the production of biologically derived materials, generating new research into the bioproduction of textiles through design and interdisciplinary approaches. Bacterial cellulose has been produced directly from fermentation into sheets but not yet investigated in terms of producing filaments directly from fermentation. This leaves a wealth of material qualities unexplored. Further, by growing the material directly into filaments, production such as wet spinning are made redundant, thus reducing textile manufacturing steps. The aim of this study was to grow the bio-material, namely bacterial cellulose directly into a filament. This was achieved using a method of co-designing with the characteristics of biological materials. The method combines approaches of material-driven textile design and human-centred co-design to investigate co-designing with the characteristics of living materials for biological material production. The project is part of a wider exploration of bio-manufacturing textiles from waste. The practice-based approach brought together biological sciences and material design through a series of iterative experiments. This, in turn, resulted in designing with the inherent characteristics of bacterial cellulose, and by doing so filaments were designed to be fabricated directly from fermentation. In this investigation, creative exploration was encouraged within a biological laboratory space, showing how interdisciplinary collaboration can offer innovative alternative bioproduction routes for textile filament production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Morrow
- Materials Science Research Centre, Royal College of Art, London SW11 4NL, UK
| | - Miriam Ribul
- Materials Science Research Centre, Royal College of Art, London SW11 4NL, UK
| | - Heather Eastmond
- CNAP-Department of Biology, University of York, Wentworth Way, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Alexandra Lanot
- CNAP-Department of Biology, University of York, Wentworth Way, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Sharon Baurley
- Materials Science Research Centre, Royal College of Art, London SW11 4NL, UK
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6
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Ahn E, Botkin J, Ellur V, Lee Y, Poudel K, Prom LK, Magill C. Genome-Wide Association Study of Seed Morphology Traits in Senegalese Sorghum Cultivars. Plants (Basel) 2023; 12:2344. [PMID: 37375969 DOI: 10.3390/plants12122344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Sorghum is considered the fifth most important crop in the world. Despite the potential value of Senegalese germplasm for various traits, such as resistance to fungal diseases, there is limited information on the study of sorghum seed morphology. In this study, 162 Senegalese germplasms were evaluated for seed area size, length, width, length-to-width ratio, perimeter, circularity, the distance between the intersection of length & width (IS) and center of gravity (CG), and seed darkness and brightness by scanning and analyzing morphology-related traits with SmartGrain software at the USDA-ARS Plant Science Research Unit. Correlations between seed morphology-related traits and traits associated with anthracnose and head smut resistance were analyzed. Lastly, genome-wide association studies were performed on phenotypic data collected from over 16,000 seeds and 193,727 publicly available single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Several significant SNPs were found and mapped to the reference sorghum genome to uncover multiple candidate genes potentially associated with seed morphology. The results indicate clear correlations among seed morphology-related traits and potential associations between seed morphology and the defense response of sorghum. GWAS analysis listed candidate genes associated with seed morphologies that can be used for sorghum breeding in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ezekiel Ahn
- USDA-ARS Plant Science Research Unit, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Jacob Botkin
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Vishnutej Ellur
- Molecular Plant Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - Yoonjung Lee
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Kabita Poudel
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Genetics, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Louis K Prom
- USDA-ARS Southern Plains Agricultural Research Center, College Station, TX 77845, USA
| | - Clint Magill
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
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7
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Thompson L, Rowntree J, Windisch W, Waters S, Shalloo L, Manzano P. Ecosystem management using livestock: embracing diversity and respecting ecological principles. Anim Front 2023; 13:28-34. [PMID: 37073311 PMCID: PMC10105869 DOI: 10.1093/af/vfac094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/20/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Logan Thompson
- Department of Animal Sciences and Industry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Jason Rowntree
- Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Wilhelm Windisch
- Technical University of Munich, Liesel Beckmann Straße 2, D-85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Sinéad M Waters
- Teagasc, Animal and Bioscience Research Department, Grange, Dunsany, Co. Meath, Ireland
| | - Laurence Shalloo
- Teagasc, Animal and Bioscience Research Department, Grange, Dunsany, Co. Meath, Ireland
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Hernández-Fernández J, Ortega-Toro R, López-Martinez J. A New Route of Valorization of Petrochemical Wastewater: Recovery of 1,3,5-Tris (4-tert-butyl-3-hydroxy-2,6-dimethyl benzyl)-1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-(1H,3H,5H)-trione (Cyanox 1790) and Its Subsequent Application in a PP Matrix to Improve Its Thermal Stability. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28052003. [PMID: 36903250 PMCID: PMC10004459 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28052003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The various chemicals in industrial wastewater can be beneficial for improving its circularity. If extraction methods are used to capture valuable components from the wastewater and then recirculate them throughout the process, the potential of the wastewater can be fully exploited. In this study, wastewater produced after the polypropylene deodorization process was evaluated. These waters remove the remains of the additives used to create the resin. With this recovery, contamination of the water bodies is avoided, and the polymer production process becomes more circular. The phenolic component was recovered by solid-phase extraction and HPLC, with a recovery rate of over 95%. FTIR and DSC were used to evaluate the purity of the extracted compound. After the phenolic compound was applied to the resin and its thermal stability was analyzed via TGA, the compound's efficacy was finally determined. The results showed that the recovered additive improves the thermal qualities of the material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joaquín Hernández-Fernández
- Chemistry Program, Department of Natural and Exact Sciences, San Pablo Campus, University of Cartagena, Cartagena 130015, Colombia
- Chemical Engineering Program, School of Engineering, Universidad Tecnológica de Bolivar, Parque Industrial y Tecnológico Carlos Vélez Pombo, Km 1 Vía Turbaco, Turbaco 130001, Colombia
- Department of Natural and Exact Science, Universidad de la Costa, Barranquilla 30300, Colombia
- Correspondence:
| | - Rodrigo Ortega-Toro
- Food Packaging and Shelf-Life Research Group (FP&SL), Food Engineering Department, Universidad de Cartagena, Cartagena de Indias 130015, Colombia
| | - Juan López-Martinez
- Institute of Materials Technology (ITM), Universitat Politecnica de Valencia (UPV), Plaza Ferrandiz and Carbonell s/n, 03801 Alcoy, Spain
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Meng F, Wagner A, Kremer AB, Kanazawa D, Leung JJ, Goult P, Guan M, Herrmann S, Speelman E, Sauter P, Lingeswaran S, Stuchtey MM, Hansen K, Masanet E, Serrenho AC, Ishii N, Kikuchi Y, Cullen JM. Planet-compatible pathways for transitioning the chemical industry. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2218294120. [PMID: 36787351 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2218294120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemical products, such as plastics, solvents, and fertilizers, are essential for supporting modern lifestyles. Yet, producing, using, and disposing of chemicals creates adverse environmental impacts which threaten the industry's license to operate. This study presents seven planet-compatible pathways toward 2050 employing demand-side and supply-side interventions with cumulative total investment costs of US$1.2-3.7 trillion. Resource efficiency and circularity interventions reduce global chemicals demand by 23 to 33% and are critical for mitigating risks associated with using fossil feedstocks and carbon capture and sequestration, and constraints on available biogenic and recyclate feedstocks. Replacing fossil feedstocks with biogenic/air-capture sources, shifting carbon destinations from the atmosphere to ground, and electrifying/decarbonizing energy supply for production technologies could enable net negative emissions of 0.5 GtCO2eq y-1 across non-ammonia chemicals, while still delivering essential chemical-based services to society.
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Martín-Gómez JJ, Rodríguez-Lorenzo JL, Tocino Á, Janoušek B, Juan A, Cervantes E. The Outline of Seed Silhouettes: A Morphological Approach to Silene (Caryophyllaceae). Plants (Basel) 2022; 11:3383. [PMID: 36501421 PMCID: PMC9737566 DOI: 10.3390/plants11233383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Seed morphology is an important source of information for plant taxonomy. Nevertheless, the characters under study are diverse, and a simple, unified method is lacking in the literature. A new method for the classification of seeds of the genus Silene based on optical images and image analysis has recently been described on the basis of morphological measurements of the lateral seed views. According to the outline of their silhouettes, seeds from 52 species (49 of Silene and three related species) were classified in three groups: smooth, rugose and echinate, revealing remarkable differences between these groups. This methodology has been applied here to 51 new species, making a total of 100 species of Silene analyzed so far. According to our data, a new group was described, termed papillose. The results showed morphological differences between the four mentioned seed groups, with reduced values of circularity for dorsal and lateral seed views in the papillose and echinate groups and reduced values of solidity in the papillose seeds. The method was applied to the analysis of individual as well as to average seed silhouettes and some of the differences between groups were maintained in both cases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - José Luis Rodríguez-Lorenzo
- Plant Developmental Genetics, Institute of Biophysics v.v.i, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Královopolská 135, 61265 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Ángel Tocino
- Departamento de Matemáticas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Salamanca, Plaza de la Merced 1-4, 37008 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Bohuslav Janoušek
- Plant Developmental Genetics, Institute of Biophysics v.v.i, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Královopolská 135, 61265 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Ana Juan
- Departamento de Ciencias Ambientales y Recursos Naturales, University of Alicante, San Vicente del Raspeig, 03690 Alicante, Spain
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Manian AP, Müller S, Braun DE, Pham T, Bechtold T. Dope Dyeing of Regenerated Cellulose Fibres with Leucoindigo as Base for Circularity of Denim. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14. [PMID: 36501674 DOI: 10.3390/polym14235280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Circularity of cellulose-based pre- and post-consumer wastes requires an integrated approach which has to consider the characteristics of the fibre polymer and the presence of dyes and additives from textile chemical processing as well. Fibre-to-fibre recycling is a condition to avoid downcycling of recycled material. For cellulose fibres regeneration via production of regenerated cellulose fibres is the most promising approach. Textile wastes contain dyes and additives, thus a recycling technique has to be robust enough to process such material. In an ideal case the reuse of colorants can be achieved as well. At present nearly 80% of the regenerated cellulose fibre production utilises the viscose process, therefore this technique was chosen to investigate the recycling of dyed material including the reuse of the colorant. In this work, for the first time, a compilation of all required process steps to a complete circular concept is presented and discussed as a model. Indigo-dyed viscose fibres were used as a model to study cellulose recycling via production of regenerated cellulose fibres to avoid downcycling. Indigo was found compatible to the alkalisation and xanthogenation steps in the viscose process and blue coloured cellulose regenerates were recovered from indigo-dyed cellulose. A supplemental addition of reduced indigo to the cellulose solution was also found feasible to adjust colour depth in the regenerated cellulose to the level required for use as warp material in denim production. By combination of fibre recycling and indigo dyeing the conventional yarn dyeing in denim production can be omitted. Model calculations for the savings in water and chemical consumption demonstrate the potential of the process. The proportion of the substitution will depend on the collection rate of denim wastes and on the efficiency of the fibre regeneration process. Estimates indicate that a substitution of more than 70% of the cotton fibres by regenerated cellulose fibres could be achieved when 80% of the pre- and post-consumer denim wastes are collected. Therefore, the introduction of fibre recycling via regenerated cellulose fibres will also make a substantial impact on the cotton consumption for jeans production.
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Abstract
Continuous reduction in the levelized cost of energy is driving the rapid development of offshore wind energy (OWE). It is thus important to evaluate, from an environmental perspective, the implications of expanding OWE capacity on a global scale. Nevertheless, this assessment must take into account various scenarios for the growth of different OWE technologies in the near future. To evaluate the environmental impacts of future OWE development, this paper conducts a prospective life cycle assessment (LCA) including parameterized supply chains with high technology resolution. Results show that OWE-related environmental impacts, including climate change, marine ecotoxicity, marine eutrophication, and metal depletion, are reduced by ∼20% per MWh from 2020 to 2040 due to various developments including size expansion, lifetime extension, and technology innovation. At the global scale, 2.6-3.6 Gt CO2 equiv of greenhouse gas emissions are emitted cumulatively due to OWE deployment from 2020 to 2040. The manufacturing of primary raw materials, such as steel and fibers, is the dominant contributor to impacts. Overall, 6-9% of the cumulative OWE-related environmental impacts could be reduced by end-of-life (EoL) recycling and the substitution of raw materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Li
- Institute
of Environmental Sciences (CML), Leiden
University, P.O. Box 9518, 2300 RA Leiden, the Netherlands
- . Tel: +31 612352698
| | - José M. Mogollón
- Institute
of Environmental Sciences (CML), Leiden
University, P.O. Box 9518, 2300 RA Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Arnold Tukker
- Institute
of Environmental Sciences (CML), Leiden
University, P.O. Box 9518, 2300 RA Leiden, the Netherlands
- Netherlands
Organization for Applied Scientific Research, P.O. Box 96800, 2509 JE Den Haag, the Netherlands
| | - Bernhard Steubing
- Institute
of Environmental Sciences (CML), Leiden
University, P.O. Box 9518, 2300 RA Leiden, the Netherlands
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13
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Stoll S, Infanti E, de Haas B, Schwarzkopf DS. Pitfalls in Post Hoc Analyses of Population Receptive Field Data. Neuroimage 2022;:119557. [PMID: 35970472 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2022.119557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Data binning involves grouping observations into bins and calculating bin-wise summary statistics. It can cope with overplotting and noise, making it a versatile tool for comparing many observations. However, data binning goes awry if the same observations are used for binning (selection) and contrasting (selective analysis). This creates circularity, biasing noise components and resulting in artifactual changes in the form of regression towards the mean. Importantly, these artifactual changes are a statistical necessity. Here, we use (null) simulations and empirical repeat data to expose this flaw in the scope of post hoc analyses of population receptive field data. In doing so, we reveal that the type of data analysis, data properties, and circular data cleaning are factors shaping the appearance of such artifactual changes. We furthermore highlight that circular data cleaning and circular sorting of change scores are selection practices that result in artifactual changes even without circular data binning. These pitfalls might have led to erroneous claims about changes in population receptive fields in previous work and can be mitigated by using independent data for selection purposes. Our evaluations highlight the urgency for us researchers to make the validation of analysis pipelines standard practice.
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Abstract
Background: The forest-based industry has been moving towards the manufacture of bio-based products in response to the increasing concern by consumers and governments regarding the use of non-renewable materials and the generation of residues. Various innovative technologies geared towards reducing the environmental footprint of products and processes are currently being developed and applied in the forest-based industry. This study presents some innovative wood-based products that are about to enter the market or that are already being commercialized but have the potential to expand in market size. Methods: We collected data from interviews and a survey with organisations working with product development and manufacturing, and from the literature. Results: Many innovative products that are already produced at an industrial scale, such as cross-laminated timber, wood-based composites, and lyocell, can still increase their market share in the coming years. Some of the up-and-coming products with high potential to substitute fossil-based materials and will likely enter the market in the near future are wood foam, lignin-based adhesives, glycols, bioplastics, and textile fibres. Our study indicates that, although biomass demand is expected to increase, stakeholders do not consider future supply a limiting factor. Conclusions: The ease of market introduction of innovative products relies heavily on the products' ability to take advantage of existing value chains. Overall, many of the reviewed products have the advantage of being 'drop-in'. This is because products that require adjustments to production lines are less likely to get into the market without strong external drivers that push for bio-based alternatives. According to stakeholders, the economic viability and the market expansion of these products could be encouraged to a certain extent by EU policies, and certain barriers could be alleviated by reducing bureaucracy, increasing the support for pilot-scale to full-scale production, and increasing subsidies for bio-based alternatives.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anna Karlberg
- SweTree Technologies, Umeå, 907 36, Sweden
- Stora Enso, Falun, SE-791 80, Sweden
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15
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Thalmaier G, Cobȋrzan N, Balog AA, Constantinescu H, Ceclan A, Voinea M, Marinca TF. Assessment of Limestone Waste Addition for Fired Clay Bricks. Materials (Basel) 2022; 15:4263. [PMID: 35744322 DOI: 10.3390/ma15124263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Our aim was to investigate the feasibility of using limestone waste resulting from stone processing for the manufacturing of fired clay bricks. Waste materials were considered as a partial replacement for clays to reduce the exploitation of natural resources and as a response to the climate neutrality commitments. The samples were prepared to have a waste content of up to 15% and were fired at a temperature of 900 °C. The chemical and mineralogical composition and the physical analysis of raw materials were investigated by using SEM–EDS and XRD diffraction. The result showed an increase in CaO in the clay mixture due to the presence of limestone, which reduced the shrinkage of the products’ compressive strength, up to 55% for samples with a higher content of limestone (15 wt.%), and influenced the samples’ color by making them lighter than the reference sample.
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16
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Singh AK, Itkor P, Lee M, Shin J, Lee YS. Promoting sustainable packaging applications in the circular economy by exploring and advancing molded pulp materials for food products: a review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 63:11010-11025. [PMID: 35703070 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2088686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Packaging ensures the safe handling and distribution of fresh and processed food products via diverse supply chains, and has become an indispensable component of the food industry. However, the rapidly expanding use of plastics, especially single-use plastics, as packaging material leads to inadequate waste management, littering, and consequently serious environmental damage, which predominantly affects marine and freshwater sources. Thus, the use of plastics for packaging purposes has become a major public concern and hence a concern among global policymakers. Notably, 26% of the total volume of global plastic production is primarily used for packaging, of which single-use plastics account for 50%, resulting in pollution that may last hundreds of years. This review provides an overview of the manner in which molded pulp products can be utilized to improve sustainability of food packaging applications, by highlighting the manufacturing processes, signifying characteristics features of recyclable molded pulp, and coupling circularity with eco-friendly and safe food product packaging. In this regard, current concepts advocate the implementation of a dynamic and sustainable approach using molded pulp products. This approach encompasses the design and production of eco-friendly packaging, distribution and consumption of packaged products, and collection and recycling of used packaging for subsequent reuse.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pontree Itkor
- Department of Packaging, Yonsei University, Wonju, South Korea
| | - Myungho Lee
- Department of Packaging, Yonsei University, Wonju, South Korea
| | - Joongmin Shin
- Industrial Technology and Packaging, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, California, USA
| | - Youn Suk Lee
- Department of Packaging, Yonsei University, Wonju, South Korea
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17
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Epps TH, Korley LTJ, Yan T, Beers KL, Burt TM. Sustainability of Synthetic Plastics: Considerations in Materials Life-Cycle Management. JACS Au 2022; 2:3-11. [PMID: 35098218 PMCID: PMC8790729 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.1c00191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The sustainability of current and future plastic materials is a major focus of basic research, industry, government, and society at large. There is a general recognition of the positive impacts of plastics, especially packaging; however, the negative consequences around end-of-life outcomes and overall materials circularity are issues that must be addressed. In this perspective, we highlight some of the challenges associated with the many uses of plastic components and the diversity of materials needed to satisfy consumer demand, with several examples focused on plastics packaging. We also discuss the opportunities provided by conventional and advanced recycling/upgrading routes to petrochemical and bio-based materials and feedstocks, along with overviews of chemistry-related (experimental, computational, data science, and materials traceability) approaches to the valorization of polymers toward a closed-loop environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas H. Epps
- Department
of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States of America
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, University
of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United
States of America
- Center
for Research in Soft matter & Polymers (CRiSP), University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States of America
| | - LaShanda T. J. Korley
- Department
of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States of America
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, University
of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United
States of America
- Center
for Research in Soft matter & Polymers (CRiSP), University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States of America
| | - Tianwei Yan
- Department
of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States of America
- Center
for Plastics Innovation (CPI), University
of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United
States of America
| | - Kathryn L. Beers
- Materials
Measurement Laboratory, National Institute
of Standards and Technology (NIST), Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States of America
| | - Tiffani M. Burt
- Innovation
& Sustainability, Sealed Air Corporation, Charlotte, North Carolina 28208, United States of America
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18
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Rivero MJ, Evans ACO, Berndt A, Cartmill A, Dowsey A, Farruggia A, Mignolet C, Enriquez-Hidalgo D, Chadwick D, McCracken DI, Busch D, Pereyra F, Martin GB, Sanford GR, Sheridan H, Wright I, Brunet L, Eisler MC, Lopez-Villalobos N, Rovira P, Harris P, Murphy P, Williams AP, Jackson RD, Machado R, P T S, Puech T, Boland TM, Ayala W, Lee MRF. Taking the steps toward sustainable livestock: our multidisciplinary global farm platform journey. Anim Front 2021; 11:52-58. [PMID: 34676139 PMCID: PMC8527498 DOI: 10.1093/af/vfab048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- M Jordana Rivero
- Sustainable Agriculture Sciences, Rothamsted Research, North Wyke, Okehampton, Devon, UK
| | - Alex C O Evans
- School of Agriculture & Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | | | - Andrew Cartmill
- School of Agriculture, University of Wisconsin-Platteville, Platteville, WI, USA
| | - Andrew Dowsey
- Bristol Veterinary School, University of Bristol, Langford, Somerset, UK
| | - Anne Farruggia
- INRAE-ACT UE 0057 DSLP, 17450 Saint Laurent de la Prée, France
| | | | - Daniel Enriquez-Hidalgo
- Sustainable Agriculture Sciences, Rothamsted Research, North Wyke, Okehampton, Devon, UK.,Bristol Veterinary School, University of Bristol, Langford, Somerset, UK
| | - Dave Chadwick
- School of Natural Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor, UK
| | - Davy I McCracken
- Hill & Mountain Research Centre, SRUC: Scotland's Rural College, Kirkton Farm, Crianlarich, UK
| | - Dennis Busch
- School of Agriculture, University of Wisconsin-Platteville, Platteville, WI, USA
| | - Fabiana Pereyra
- Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria (INIA), Treinta y Tres, Uruguay
| | - Graeme B Martin
- UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia
| | - Gregg R Sanford
- *Department of Agronomy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Helen Sheridan
- School of Agriculture & Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Iain Wright
- International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), Nairobi, Kenya
| | | | - Mark C Eisler
- Bristol Veterinary School, University of Bristol, Langford, Somerset, UK
| | | | - Pablo Rovira
- Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria (INIA), Treinta y Tres, Uruguay
| | - Paul Harris
- Sustainable Agriculture Sciences, Rothamsted Research, North Wyke, Okehampton, Devon, UK
| | - Paul Murphy
- School of Agriculture & Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | | | - Randall D Jackson
- *Department of Agronomy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Rui Machado
- Embrapa Southeast Livestock, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Suraj P T
- Livestock Research Station Thiruvazamk unnu, Kerala Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Kerala, India
| | | | - Tommy M Boland
- School of Agriculture & Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Walter Ayala
- Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria (INIA), Treinta y Tres, Uruguay
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19
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Otoni CG, Azeredo HMC, Mattos BD, Beaumont M, Correa DS, Rojas OJ. The Food-Materials Nexus: Next Generation Bioplastics and Advanced Materials from Agri-Food Residues. Adv Mater 2021; 33:e2102520. [PMID: 34510571 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202102520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The most recent strategies available for upcycling agri-food losses and waste (FLW) into functional bioplastics and advanced materials are reviewed and the valorization of food residuals are put in perspective, adding to the water-food-energy nexus. Low value or underutilized biomass, biocolloids, water-soluble biopolymers, polymerizable monomers, and nutrients are introduced as feasible building blocks for biotechnological conversion into bioplastics. The latter are demonstrated for their incorporation in multifunctional packaging, biomedical devices, sensors, actuators, and energy conversion and storage devices, contributing to the valorization efforts within the future circular bioeconomy. Strategies are introduced to effectively synthesize, deconstruct and reassemble or engineer FLW-derived monomeric, polymeric, and colloidal building blocks. Multifunctional bioplastics are introduced considering the structural, chemical, physical as well as the accessibility of FLW precursors. Processing techniques are analyzed within the fields of polymer chemistry and physics. The prospects of FLW streams and biomass surplus, considering their availability, interactions with water and thermal stability, are critically discussed in a near-future scenario that is expected to lead to next-generation bioplastics and advanced materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caio G Otoni
- Department of Materials Engineering (DEMa), Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), Rod. Washington Luiz, km 235, São Carlos, SP, 13565-905, Brazil
| | - Henriette M C Azeredo
- Embrapa Agroindústria Tropical, Rua Dra. Sara Mesquita 2270, Fortaleza, CE, 60511-110, Brazil
- Nanotechnology National Laboratory for Agriculture (LNNA), Embrapa Instrumentação, Rua XV de Novembro 1452, São Carlos, SP, 13560-970, Brazil
| | - Bruno D Mattos
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, P.O. Box 16300, Aalto, Espoo, FIN-00076, Finland
| | - Marco Beaumont
- Department of Chemistry, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Konrad-Lorenz-Str. 24, Tulln, A-3430, Austria
| | - Daniel S Correa
- Nanotechnology National Laboratory for Agriculture (LNNA), Embrapa Instrumentação, Rua XV de Novembro 1452, São Carlos, SP, 13560-970, Brazil
| | - Orlando J Rojas
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, P.O. Box 16300, Aalto, Espoo, FIN-00076, Finland
- Bioproducts Institute, Departments of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Chemistry and Wood Science, The University of British Columbia, 2360 East Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada
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20
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Al-Tameemi HA, Al-Dulaimi T, Awe MO, Sharma S, Pimenov DY, Koklu U, Giasin K. Evaluation of Cutting-Tool Coating on the Surface Roughness and Hole Dimensional Tolerances during Drilling of Al6061-T651 Alloy. Materials (Basel) 2021; 14:1783. [PMID: 33916557 PMCID: PMC8038506 DOI: 10.3390/ma14071783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Aluminum alloys are soft and have low melting temperatures; therefore, machining them often results in cut material fusing to the cutting tool due to heat and friction, and thus lowering the hole quality. A good practice is to use coated cutting tools to overcome such issues and maintain good hole quality. Therefore, the current study investigates the effect of cutting parameters (spindle speed and feed rate) and three types of cutting-tool coating (TiN/TiAlN, TiAlN, and TiN) on the surface finish, form, and dimensional tolerances of holes drilled in Al6061-T651 alloy. The study employed statistical design of experiments and ANOVA (analysis of variance) to evaluate the contribution of each of the input parameters on the measured hole-quality outputs (surface-roughness metrics Ra and Rz, hole size, circularity, perpendicularity, and cylindricity). The highest surface roughness occurred when using TiN-coated tools. All holes in this study were oversized regardless of the tool coating or cutting parameters used. TiN tools, which have a lower coating hardness, gave lower hole circularity at the entry and higher cylindricity, while TiN/TiAlN and TiAlN seemed to be more effective in reducing hole particularity when drilling at higher spindle speeds. Finally, optical microscopes revealed that a built-up edge and adhesions were most likely to form on TiN-coated tools due to TiN's chemical affinity and low oxidation temperature compared to the TiN/TiAlN and TiAlN coatings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamza A. Al-Tameemi
- Mechanical Engineering Department, University of Baghdad, Baghdad Al-Jadriya 10070, Iraq; (H.A.A.-T.); (T.A.-D.)
| | - Thamir Al-Dulaimi
- Mechanical Engineering Department, University of Baghdad, Baghdad Al-Jadriya 10070, Iraq; (H.A.A.-T.); (T.A.-D.)
| | | | - Shubham Sharma
- Department of Mechanical Eng., IKG Punjab Technical University, Jalandhar-Kapurthala Road, Kapurthala, Punjab 144603, India;
| | - Danil Yurievich Pimenov
- Department of Automated Mechanical Engineering, South Ural State University, Lenin Prosp. 76, 454080 Chelyabinsk, Russia;
| | - Ugur Koklu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Karamanoglu Mehmetbey University, 70100 Karaman, Turkey;
| | - Khaled Giasin
- School of Mechanical and Design Engineering, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth PO1 3DJ, UK
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21
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Bilal A, Perveen A, Talamona D, Jahan MP. Understanding Material Removal Mechanism and Effects of Machining Parameters during EDM of Zirconia-Toughened Alumina Ceramic. Micromachines (Basel) 2021; 12:mi12010067. [PMID: 33435291 PMCID: PMC7826529 DOI: 10.3390/mi12010067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Non-conductive structural ceramics are receiving ever-increasing attention due to their outstanding physical and mechanical properties and their critical applications in aerospace and biomedical industries. However, conventional mechanical machining seems infeasible for the machining of these superior ceramics due to their extreme brittleness and higher hardness. Electro discharge machining (EDM), well known for its machining of electrically conductive materials irrespective of materials hardness, has emerged as a potential machining technique due to its noncontact nature when complemented with an assistive electrode technique. This paper investigates the material removal mechanism and effects of machining parameters on machining speed and dimensional and profile accuracies of features machined on zirconia toughened alumina (ZTA) ceramics using assistive electrode EDM. Our experimental results demonstrate that both increasing peak current and pulse on time improves the MRR, however, it also aids in generating thicker layer on machined surface. In addition, pulse interval time is crucial for the machining of nonconductive ceramics, as larger value might cause the complete removal of intrinsic carbon layer which may lead to non/sparking condition. Higher peak current increases circularity whereas short pulse on and pulse off time aid in increasing circularity due to rough machining. In addition, taperness is found to be regulated by the peak current and pulse on time. Overall, thermal cracking and spalling appear to be a dominating material removal mechanism other than melting and evaporation for the EDM of ZTA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azat Bilal
- Department of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering, Nazarbayev University, Nur-Sultan 010000, Kazakhstan; (A.B.); (A.P.); (D.T.)
| | - Asma Perveen
- Department of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering, Nazarbayev University, Nur-Sultan 010000, Kazakhstan; (A.B.); (A.P.); (D.T.)
| | - Didier Talamona
- Department of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering, Nazarbayev University, Nur-Sultan 010000, Kazakhstan; (A.B.); (A.P.); (D.T.)
| | - Muhammad Pervej Jahan
- Department of Mechanical & Manufacturing Engineering, Miami University, Oxford, OH 45056, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-513-529-0347
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22
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Yamada H, Chikamatsu K, Aono A, Murata K, Miyazaki N, Kayama Y, Bhatt A, Fujiwara N, Maeda S, Mitarai S. Fundamental Cell Morphologies Examined With Cryo-TEM of the Species in the Novel Five Genera Robustly Correlate With New Classification in Family Mycobacteriaceae. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:562395. [PMID: 33304323 PMCID: PMC7701246 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.562395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
A recent study proposed the novel classification of the family Mycobacteriaceae based on the genome analysis of core proteins in 150 Mycobacterium species. The results from these analyses supported the existence of five distinct monophyletic groups within the genus Mycobacterium. That is, Mycobacterium has been divided into two novel genera for rapid grower Mycobacteroides and Mycolicibacterium, and into three genera for slow grower Mycolicibacter, Mycolicibacillus, and an emended genus Mycobacterium, which include all the major human pathogens. Here, cryo-TEM examinations of 1,816 cells of 31 species (34 strains) belonging to the five novel genera were performed. The fundamental morphological properties of every single cell, such as cell diameter, cell length, cell perimeter, cell circularity, and aspect ratio were measured and compared between these genera. In 50 comparisons on the five parameters between any two genera, only five comparisons showed “non-significant” differences. That is, there are non-significant differences between slow grower genus Mycolicibacillus and genus Mycobacterium in average cell diameter (p = 0.15), between rapid grower genus Mycobacteroides and slow grower genus Mycobacterium in average cell length (p > 0.24), between genus Mycobacteroides and genus Mycobacterium (p > 0.68) and between genus Mycolicibacter and genus Mycolicibacillus (p > 0.11) in average cell perimeter, and between genus Mycolicibacterium and genus Mycobacterium in circularity (p > 0.73). The other 45 comparisons showed significant differences between the genera. Genus Mycobacteroides showed the longest average cell diameter, whereas the genus Mycolicibacter showed the shortest average diameter. Genus Mycolicibacterium showed the most extended average cell length, perimeter, and aspect ratio, whereas the genus Mycolicibacillus showed the shortest average cell length, perimeter, and aspect ratio. Genus Mycolicibacillus showed the highest average cell circularity, whereas genus Mycobacterium showed the lowest average cell circularity. These fundamental morphological data strongly support the new classification in the family Mycobacteriaceae, and this classification is rational and effective in the study of the members of the family Mycobacteriaceae. Because both the genus Mycolicibacterium and the genus Mycobacterium contain many species and showed larger significant standard deviations in every parameter, these genera may be divided into novel genera which show common genotype and phenotypes in morphology and pathogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Yamada
- Department of Mycobacterium Reference and Research, The Research Institute of Tuberculosis, Japan Anti-Tuberculosis Association, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kinuyo Chikamatsu
- Department of Mycobacterium Reference and Research, The Research Institute of Tuberculosis, Japan Anti-Tuberculosis Association, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akio Aono
- Department of Mycobacterium Reference and Research, The Research Institute of Tuberculosis, Japan Anti-Tuberculosis Association, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuyoshi Murata
- Supportive Center for Brain Research, National Institute for Physiological Science, Okazaki, Japan
| | - Naoyuki Miyazaki
- Supportive Center for Brain Research, National Institute for Physiological Science, Okazaki, Japan.,Life Science Center for Survival Dynamics, Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance (TARA), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | | | - Apoorva Bhatt
- School of Biosciences and Institute of Microbiology and Infection, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Nagatoshi Fujiwara
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Faculty of Contemporary Human Life Science, Tezukayama University, Nara, Japan
| | - Shinji Maeda
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, Hokkaido University of Science, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Mitarai
- Department of Mycobacterium Reference and Research, The Research Institute of Tuberculosis, Japan Anti-Tuberculosis Association, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Basic Mycobacteriology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
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23
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Qu X, Zheng C, Wang B, Wang F, Sun X, Gao Y, Xia Q, Kong X. Comprehensive analysis of circular RNAs from steatotic livers after ischemia and reperfusion injury by next-generation RNA sequencing. FEBS Lett 2020; 595:99-109. [PMID: 33070312 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.13960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Global organ shortage has led to the acceptance of steatotic livers for transplantation, taking the risk of graft dysfunction associated with the higher sensitivity of steatotic livers to ischemia and reperfusion injury (IRI). Data about circular RNAs (circRNAs) in steatotic livers following IRI are practically nonexistent. In our study, a high-fat diet-fed mouse model of hepatic steatosis was generated, and RNA sequencing was performed both on IRI and on sham liver tissues of these mice to screen for circRNAs with significant differential expression. To further validate our bioinformatics data, one upregulated circRNA and four downregulated circRNAs were examined. The circularity of these circRNAs was demonstrated using RNaseR digestion and Sanger sequencing. The expression of four stable circRNAs undigested by RNaseR was further validated by quantitative PCR. In summary, this study unearths several circRNAs as novel and potentially effective targets involved in the more severe damage of steatotic livers following IRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoye Qu
- Department of Liver Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Clinical Immunology, Department of Liver Diseases, Central Laboratory, ShuGuang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Chinese Traditional Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chao Zheng
- Institute of Clinical Immunology, Department of Liver Diseases, Central Laboratory, ShuGuang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Chinese Traditional Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Bingrui Wang
- Department of Liver Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Clinical Immunology, Department of Liver Diseases, Central Laboratory, ShuGuang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Chinese Traditional Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Institute of Clinical Immunology, Department of Liver Diseases, Central Laboratory, ShuGuang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Chinese Traditional Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuehua Sun
- Institute of Clinical Immunology, Department of Liver Diseases, Central Laboratory, ShuGuang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Chinese Traditional Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yueqiu Gao
- Institute of Clinical Immunology, Department of Liver Diseases, Central Laboratory, ShuGuang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Chinese Traditional Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiang Xia
- Department of Liver Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoni Kong
- Institute of Clinical Immunology, Department of Liver Diseases, Central Laboratory, ShuGuang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Chinese Traditional Medicine, Shanghai, China
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24
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Abstract
From an embodied and enactive point of view, the mind-body problem has been reformulated as the relation between the lived or subject body on the one hand and the physiological or object body on the other ("body-body problem"). The aim of the paper is to explore the concept of circularity as a means of explaining the relation between the phenomenology of lived experience and the dynamics of organism-environment interactions. This concept of circularity also seems suitable for connecting enactive accounts with ecological psychology. It will be developed in a threefold way: (1) As the circular structure of embodiment, which manifests itself (a) in the homeostatic cycles between the brain and body and (b) in the sensorimotor cycles between the brain, body, and environment. This includes the interdependence of an organism's dispositions of sense-making and the affordances of the environment. (2) As the circular causality, which characterizes the relation between parts and whole within the living organism as well as within the organism-environment system. (3) As the circularity of process and structure in development and learning. Here, it will be argued that subjective experience constitutes a process of sense-making that implies (neuro-)physiological processes so as to form modified neuronal structures, which in turn enable altered future interactions. On this basis, embodied experience may ultimately be conceived as the integration of brain-body and body-environment interactions, which has a top-down, formative, or ordering effect on physiological processes. This will serve as an approach to a solution of the body-body problem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Fuchs
- Phenomenological Psychopathology and Psychotherapy, Psychiatric Clinic, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
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25
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Vollmer I, Jenks MJF, Roelands MCP, White RJ, van Harmelen T, de Wild P, van der Laan GP, Meirer F, Keurentjes JTF, Weckhuysen BM. Beyond Mechanical Recycling: Giving New Life to Plastic Waste. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:15402-15423. [PMID: 32160372 PMCID: PMC7497176 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201915651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 378] [Impact Index Per Article: 94.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2019] [Revised: 02/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Increasing the stream of recycled plastic necessitates an approach beyond the traditional recycling via melting and re-extrusion. Various chemical recycling processes have great potential to enhance recycling rates. In this Review, a summary of the various chemical recycling routes and assessment via life-cycle analysis is complemented by an extensive list of processes developed by companies active in chemical recycling. We show that each of the currently available processes is applicable for specific plastic waste streams. Thus, only a combination of different technologies can address the plastic waste problem. Research should focus on more realistic, more contaminated and mixed waste streams, while collection and sorting infrastructure will need to be improved, that is, by stricter regulation. This Review aims to inspire both science and innovation for the production of higher value and quality products from plastic recycling suitable for reuse or valorization to create the necessary economic and environmental push for a circular economy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ina Vollmer
- Inorganic Chemistry and CatalysisDebye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht UniversityUniversiteitsweg 993584CGUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Michael J. F. Jenks
- Inorganic Chemistry and CatalysisDebye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht UniversityUniversiteitsweg 993584CGUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Mark C. P. Roelands
- The Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO)DelftThe Netherlands
| | - Robin J. White
- The Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO)Materials Solutions DepartmentEindhovenThe Netherlands
| | - Toon van Harmelen
- The Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO)Climate, Air & Sustainability DepartmentUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Paul de Wild
- Energieonderzoek Centrum Nederland (ECN)- part of TNO, Biomass & Energy EfficiencyPettenThe Netherlands
| | - Gerard P. van der Laan
- The Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO)Climate, Air & Sustainability DepartmentUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Florian Meirer
- Inorganic Chemistry and CatalysisDebye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht UniversityUniversiteitsweg 993584CGUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | | | - Bert M. Weckhuysen
- Inorganic Chemistry and CatalysisDebye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht UniversityUniversiteitsweg 993584CGUtrechtThe Netherlands
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Yao B, Gan K, Lee A, Roll SC. Comparing Shape Categorization to Circularity Measurement in the Evaluation of Median Nerve Compression Using Sonography. J Diagn Med Sonogr 2020; 2020. [PMID: 32064465 DOI: 10.1177/8756479319898471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Purpose This study aimed to develop a subjective categorization of nerve shape and to examine the relationship of shape categorizations to measurement of nerve circularity. Methods Wrists were evaluated with sonography in healthy participants. Images of the median nerve were obtained in the transverse plane at the level of pisiform with the fingers resting, gripping, and pinching. Nerves were categorized as ovoid, angular, or irregular, and the cross-sectional area and perimeter were measured to calculate nerve circularity. Results Across 167 participants, the median nerve shifted from being primarily ovoid at rest to angular shaped when the fingers were in a full fist or pinching. Approximately three-quarters of subjects exhibited a shape change during dynamic movement. Irregular nerves had the lowest circularity values; however, the majority of nerves had similar circularity measures despite having different shapes. Conclusions Subjective categorization of shape has the potential to be a valid technique for evaluation of the median nerve using sonography, and this evaluation may provide additional information regarding nerve compression that is not fully captured by a circularity measure. Further investigation is needed to determine how these two techniques may be best used individually or together to advance clinical diagnosis, prevention, and rehabilitative interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Buwen Yao
- Chan Division of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Kayla Gan
- Chan Division of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Annie Lee
- Chan Division of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Shawn C Roll
- Chan Division of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
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Capezza AJ, Robert E, Lundman M, Newson WR, Johansson E, Hedenqvist MS, Olsson RT. Extrusion of Porous Protein-Based Polymers and Their Liquid Absorption Characteristics. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12020459. [PMID: 32079125 PMCID: PMC7077648 DOI: 10.3390/polym12020459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The production of porous wheat gluten (WG) absorbent materials by means of extrusion processing is presented for the future development of sustainable superabsorbent polymers (SAPs). Different temperatures, formulations, and WG compositions were used to determine a useful protocol that provides the best combination of porosity and water swelling properties. The most optimal formulation was based on 50 wt.% WG in water that was processed at 80 °C as a mixture, which provided a porous core structure with a denser outer shell. As a green foaming agent, food-grade sodium bicarbonate was added during the processing, which allowed the formation of a more open porous material. This extruded WG material was able to swell 280% in water and, due to the open-cell structure, 28% with non-polar limonene. The results are paving the way towards production of porous bio macromolecular structures with high polar/non-polar liquid uptake, using extrusion as a solvent free and energy efficient production technique without toxic reagents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio J. Capezza
- Fibre and Polymer Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 56, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden; (E.R.); (M.S.H.)
- Department of Plant Breeding, SLU Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, BOX 101, SE-230 53 Alnarp, Sweden; (W.R.N.); (E.J.)
- Correspondence: (A.J.C.); (R.T.O.); Tel.: +46-762-301654 (A.J.C.); +46-732-701868 (R.T.O.)
| | - Eva Robert
- Fibre and Polymer Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 56, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden; (E.R.); (M.S.H.)
| | - Malin Lundman
- Essity Hygiene and Health AB, SE-405 03 Gothenburg, Sweden;
| | - William R. Newson
- Department of Plant Breeding, SLU Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, BOX 101, SE-230 53 Alnarp, Sweden; (W.R.N.); (E.J.)
| | - Eva Johansson
- Department of Plant Breeding, SLU Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, BOX 101, SE-230 53 Alnarp, Sweden; (W.R.N.); (E.J.)
| | - Mikael S. Hedenqvist
- Fibre and Polymer Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 56, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden; (E.R.); (M.S.H.)
| | - Richard T. Olsson
- Fibre and Polymer Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 56, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden; (E.R.); (M.S.H.)
- Correspondence: (A.J.C.); (R.T.O.); Tel.: +46-762-301654 (A.J.C.); +46-732-701868 (R.T.O.)
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Fiorio R, Villanueva Díez S, Sánchez A, D'hooge DR, Cardon L. Influence of Different Stabilization Systems and Multiple Ultraviolet A (UVA) Aging/Recycling Steps on Physicochemical, Mechanical, Colorimetric, and Thermal-Oxidative Properties of ABS. Materials (Basel) 2020; 13:E212. [PMID: 31947919 DOI: 10.3390/ma13010212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Revised: 12/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Commercially mass-polymerized acrylonitrile–butadiene–styrene (ABS) polymers, pristine or modified by stabilization systems, have been injection molded and repeatedly exposed to ultraviolet A (UVA) radiation, mechanical recycling, and extra injection molding steps to study the impact of such treatments on the physicochemical, mechanical, colorimetric, and thermal-oxidative characteristics. The work focus on mimicking the effect of solar radiation behind a window glass as relevant during the lifetime of ABS polymers incorporated in electrical and electronic equipment, and interior automotive parts by using UVA technique. The accelerated aging promotes degradation and embrittlement of the surface exposed to radiation and causes physical aging, deteriorating mechanical properties, with an expressive reduction of impact strength (unnotched: up to 900%; notched: up to 250%) and strain at break (>1000%), as well as an increase in the yellowing index (e.g., 600%). UV-exposition promotes a slight increase in the tensile modulus (e.g., 10%). The addition of antioxidants (AOs) leads to a limited stabilization during the first UVA aging, although the proper AO formulation increases the thermal-oxidative resistance during all the cycles. Mechanical recycling promotes an increase in strain at break and unnotched impact strength alongside a slight decrease in tensile modulus, due to disruption of the brittle surface and elimination of the physical aging.
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Ye Z, Kong Q, Han J, Deng J, Wu M, Deng H. Circular RNAs are differentially expressed in liver ischemia/reperfusion injury model. J Cell Biochem 2018; 119:7397-7405. [PMID: 29775224 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.27047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Liver ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury has high mortality due to the intense inflammatory process occurs in the liver. However, the pathological mechanism underlying I/R injury is still not clear. Recent works showed that circular RNAs play critical roles in many human diseases. In this study, the occurrence of liver I/R injury was validated by an analysis of the blood samples and hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining of liver tissues. Total RNA was purified and followed by RNA-seq in the purpose of screening the circRNAs in significant differentially expression, which were validated by quantitative PCR. GO and KEGG analysis were performed to determine the function of these differentially expressed circular RNAs. The circular structure of the circRNA was validated with gel electrophoresis and RNase R treatment. We found that some circular RNAs were differentially expressed in Liver I/R mouse models through bioinformatics analysis. These circular RNAs play roles in biological process, cellular component, and molecular function through GO analysis. Meanwhile, Hippo signaling pathway was found to be correlated with circular RNAs function in I/R models by KEGG analysis. To further validate bioinformatics data, two up-regulated and three down-regulated circular RNAs were confirmed in I/R models. The circularity of these differentially expressed circular RNAs was validated through gel electrophoresis and RNase R treatment. In summary, this work provides new insights into the mechanism underlying pathogenesis of liver I/R injury, providing new and potentially efficient targets against I/R injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Ye
- Department of Emergency, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University. Guangzhou, China
| | - Qinglei Kong
- Department of Emergency, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University. Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianhua Han
- Department of Emergency, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University. Guangzhou, China
| | - Jingyi Deng
- Department of Emergency, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University. Guangzhou, China
| | - Miaolue Wu
- Department of Emergency, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University. Guangzhou, China
| | - Hong Deng
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University. Guangzhou, China.,GuangDong Provincial Key Laboratory of Liver Disease, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
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Jacob Machado D, Janies D, Brouwer C, Grant T. A new strategy to infer circularity applied to four new complete frog mitogenomes. Ecol Evol 2018; 8:4011-4018. [PMID: 29721275 PMCID: PMC5916287 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.3918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2017] [Revised: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
We applied a novel strategy to infer sequence circularity and complete assembly of four mitochondrial genomes (mitogenomes) of the frog families Bufonidae (Melanophryniscus moreirae), Dendrobatidae (Hyloxalus subpunctatus and Phyllobates terribilis), and Scaphiopodidae (Scaphiopus holbrookii). These are the first complete mitogenomes of these four genera and Scaphiopodidae. We assembled mitogenomes from short genomic sequence reads using a baiting and iterative mapping strategy followed by a new ad hoc mapping strategy developed to test for assembly circularization. To assess the quality of the inferred circularization, we used Bowtie2 alignment scores and a new per-position sequence coverage value (which we named "connectivity"). Permutation tests with 400 iterations per specimen and 1% or 5% chance of mutation at the ends of the putative circular sequences showed that the proposed method is highly sensitive, with a single nucleotide insertion or deletion being sufficient for circularity to be rejected. False positives comprised only 2% of all observations and possessed significantly lower alignment scores. The size, gene content, and gene arrangement of each mitogenome differed among the species but matched the expectations for their clades. We argue that basic studies on circular sequences can benefit from the results and bioinformatics procedures introduced here, especially when closely related references are lacking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis Jacob Machado
- Bioinformatics Interunits Graduate ProgramUniversity of São PauloSão PauloBrazil
| | - Daniel Janies
- Department of Bioinformatics and GenomicsUNC CharlotteCharlotteNCUSA
| | - Cory Brouwer
- Department of Bioinformatics and GenomicsUNC CharlotteCharlotteNCUSA
- UNC Charlotte Bioinformatics Service DivisionKannapolisNCUSA
| | - Taran Grant
- Department of ZoologyUniversity of São PauloSão PauloBrazil
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Shah N, Mehta T, Gohel M. Formulation and Optimization of Multiparticulate Drug Delivery System Approach for High Drug Loading. AAPS PharmSciTech 2017; 18:2157-2167. [PMID: 28039572 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-016-0689-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2016] [Accepted: 12/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present work was to develop and optimize multiparticulate formulation viz. pellets of naproxen by employing QbD and risk assessment approach. Mixture design with extreme vertices was applied to the formulation with high loading of drug (about 90%) and extrusion-spheronization as a process for manufacturing pellets. Independent variables chosen were level of microcrystalline cellulose (MCC)-X 1, polyvinylpyrrolidone K-90 (PVP K-90)-X 2, croscarmellose sodium (CCS)-X 3, and polacrilin potassium (PP)-X 4. Dependent variables considered were disintegration time (DT)-Y 1, sphericity-Y 2, and percent drug release-Y 3. The formulation was optimized based on the batches generated by MiniTab 17 software. The batch with maximum composite desirability (0.98) proved to be optimum. From the evaluation of design batches, it was observed that, even in low variation, the excipients affect the pelletization property of the blend and also the final drug release. In conclusion, pellets with high drug loading can be effectively manufactured and optimized systematically using QbD approach.
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Uynuk-Ool T, Rothdiener M, Walters B, Hegemann M, Palm J, Nguyen P, Seeger T, Stöckle U, Stegemann JP, Aicher WK, Kurz B, Hart ML, Klein G, Rolauffs B. The geometrical shape of mesenchymal stromal cells measured by quantitative shape descriptors is determined by the stiffness of the biomaterial and by cyclic tensile forces. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2017; 11:3508-3522. [PMID: 28371409 DOI: 10.1002/term.2263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2015] [Revised: 04/15/2016] [Accepted: 07/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Controlling mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC) shape is a novel method for investigating and directing MSC behaviour in vitro. it was hypothesized that specifigc MSC shapes can be generated by using stiffness-defined biomaterial surfaces and by applying cyclic tensile forces. Biomaterials used were thin and thick silicone sheets, fibronectin coating, and compacted collagen type I sheets. The MSC morphology was quantified by shape descriptors describing dimensions and membrane protrusions. Nanoscale stiffness was measured by atomic force microscopy and the expression of smooth muscle cell (SMC) marker genes (ACTA2, TAGLN, CNN1) by quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction. Cyclic stretch was applied with 2.5% or 5% amplitudes. Attachment to biomaterials with a higher stiffness yielded more elongated MSCs with fewer membrane protrusions compared with biomaterials with a lower stiffness. For cyclic stretch, compacted collagen sheets were selected, which were associated with the most elongated MSC shape across all investigated biomaterials. As expected, cyclic stretch elongated MSCs during stretch. One hour after cessation of stretch, however, MSC shape was rounder again, suggesting loss of stretch-induced shape. Different shape descriptor values obtained by different stretch regimes correlated significantly with the expression levels of SMC marker genes. Values of approximately 0.4 for roundness and 3.4 for aspect ratio were critical for the highest expression levels of ACTA2 and CNN1. Thus, specific shape descriptor values, which can be generated using biomaterial-associated stiffness and tensile forces, can serve as a template for the induction of specific gene expression levels in MSC. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Uynuk-Ool
- Siegfried Weller Institute for Trauma Research, BG Trauma Clinic Tübingen, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Miriam Rothdiener
- Siegfried Weller Institute for Trauma Research, BG Trauma Clinic Tübingen, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Brandan Walters
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Miriam Hegemann
- Department of Urology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Julian Palm
- Siegfried Weller Institute for Trauma Research, BG Trauma Clinic Tübingen, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Phong Nguyen
- Siegfried Weller Institute for Trauma Research, BG Trauma Clinic Tübingen, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Tanja Seeger
- University Medical Clinic, Department II, Centre for Medical Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ulrich Stöckle
- Clinic for Trauma and Restorative Surgery, BG Trauma Clinic Tübingen, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Jan P Stegemann
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Wilhelm K Aicher
- Department of Urology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Bodo Kurz
- Department of Anatomy, Christian-Albrechts-University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Melanie L Hart
- Siegfried Weller Institute for Trauma Research, BG Trauma Clinic Tübingen, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Gerd Klein
- University Medical Clinic, Department II, Centre for Medical Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Bernd Rolauffs
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Medical Center - Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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Rodrigues VDC, Comin CH, Soares JC, Soares AC, Melendez ME, Fregnani JHTG, Carvalho AL, Costa LDF, Oliveira ON. Analysis of Scanning Electron Microscopy Images To Investigate Adsorption Processes Responsible for Detection of Cancer Biomarkers. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2017; 9:5885-5890. [PMID: 28117964 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b16105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Adsorption processes are responsible for detection of cancer biomarkers in biosensors (and immunosensors), which can be captured with various principles of detection. In this study, we used a biosensor made with nanostructured films of polypyrrole and p53 antibodies, and image analysis of scanning electron microscopy data made it possible to correlate morphological changes of the biosensor with the concentration of cells containing the cancer biomarker p53. The selectivity of the biosensor was proven by distinguishing images obtained with exposure of the biosensor to cells containing the biomarker from those acquired with cells that did not contain it. Detection was confirmed with cyclic voltammetry measurements, while the adsorption of the p53 biomarker was probed with polarization-modulated infrared reflection absorption (PM-IRRAS) and a quartz crystal microbalance (QCM). Adsorption is described using the Langmuir-Freundlich model, with saturation taking place at a concentration of 100 Ucells/mL. Taken together, our results point to novel ways to detect biomarkers or any type of analyte for which detection is based on adsorption as is the case of the majority of biosensors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cesar H Comin
- São Carlos Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo , 13560-970 São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Juliana Coatrini Soares
- São Carlos Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo , 13560-970 São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Andrey Coatrini Soares
- São Carlos Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo , 13560-970 São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
- Departament of Materials Engineering, São Carlos School of Engineering, University of São Paulo , 13563-120 São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Matias Eliseo Melendez
- Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital , 14784-400 Barretos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - André Lopes Carvalho
- Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital , 14784-400 Barretos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luciano da F Costa
- São Carlos Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo , 13560-970 São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Osvaldo N Oliveira
- São Carlos Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo , 13560-970 São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
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Lay S, Brace N, Pike G, Pollick F. Circling Around the Uncanny Valley: Design Principles for Research Into the Relation Between Human Likeness and Eeriness. Iperception 2016; 7:2041669516681309. [PMID: 27994844 PMCID: PMC5154395 DOI: 10.1177/2041669516681309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The uncanny valley effect (UVE) is a negative emotional response experienced when encountering entities that appear almost human. Research on the UVE typically investigates individual, or collections of, near human entities but may be prone to methodological circularity unless the properties that give rise to the emotional response are appropriately defined and quantified. In addition, many studies do not sufficiently control the variation in human likeness portrayed in stimulus images, meaning that the nature of stimuli that elicit the UVE is also not well defined or quantified. This article describes design criteria for UVE research to overcome the above problems by measuring three variables (human likeness, eeriness, and emotional response) and by using stimuli spanning the artificial to human continuum. These criteria allow results to be plotted and compared with the hypothesized uncanny valley curve and any effect observed can be quantified. The above criteria were applied to the methods used in a subset of existing UVE studies. Although many studies made use of some of the necessary measurements and controls, few used them all. The UVE is discussed in relation to this result and research methodology more broadly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Lay
- Department of Psychology, The Open University, Milton Keynes, UK
| | - Nicola Brace
- Department of Psychology, The Open University, Milton Keynes, UK
| | - Graham Pike
- Department of Psychology, The Open University, Milton Keynes, UK
| | - Frank Pollick
- School of Psychology, University of Glasgow, Scotland
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Elahi S, Bachman AH, Lee SH, Sidtis JJ, Ardekani BA. Corpus callosum atrophy rate in mild cognitive impairment and prodromal Alzheimer's disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2016; 45:921-31. [PMID: 25633676 DOI: 10.3233/jad-142631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Corpus callosum (CC) size and shape have been previously studied in Alzheimer's disease (AD) with the majority of studies having been cross-sectional. Due to the large variance in normal CC morphology, cross-sectional studies are limited in statistical power. Determining individual rates of change requires longitudinal data. Physiological changes are particularly relevant in mild cognitive impairment (MCI), in which CC morphology has not been previously studied longitudinally. OBJECTIVE To study temporal rates of change in CC morphology in MCI patients over a one-year period, and to determine whether these rates differ between MCI subjects who converted to AD (MCI-C) and those who did not (MCI-NC) over an average (±SD) observation period of 5.4 (±1.6) years. METHODS We used a novel multi-atlas based algorithm to segment the mid-sagittal cross-sectional area of the CC in longitudinal MRI scans. Rates of change of CC circularity, total area, and five sub-areas were compared between 57 MCI-NC and 81 MCI-C subjects. RESULTS The CC became less circular (-0.89% per year in MCI-NC, -1.85% per year in MCI-C) with time, with faster decline in MCI-C (p = 0.0002). In females, atrophy rates were higher in MCI-C relative to MCI-NC in total CC area (p = 0.0006), genu/rostrum (p = 0.005), and splenium (0.002). In males, these rates did not differ between groups. CONCLUSION A greater than normal decline in CC circularity was shown to be an indicator of prodromal AD in MCI subjects. This measure is potentially useful as an imaging biomarker of disease and a therapeutic target in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahar Elahi
- The Nathan S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY, USA
| | - Alvin H Bachman
- The Nathan S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY, USA
| | - Sang Han Lee
- The Nathan S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY, USA
| | - John J Sidtis
- The Nathan S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY, USA Department of Psychiatry, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Babak A Ardekani
- The Nathan S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY, USA Department of Psychiatry, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
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Bachman AH, Lee SH, Sidtis JJ, Ardekani BA. Corpus callosum shape and size changes in early Alzheimer's disease: a longitudinal MRI study using the OASIS brain database. J Alzheimers Dis 2014; 39:71-8. [PMID: 24121963 DOI: 10.3233/jad-131526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease (AD) has been shown to be associated with shrinkage of the corpus callosum mid-sagittal cross-sectional area (CCA). OBJECTIVE To study temporal rates of corpus callosum atrophy not previously reported for early AD. METHODS We used longitudinal MRI scans to study the rates of change of CCA and circularity (CIR), a measure of its shape, in normal controls (NC, n = 75), patients with very mild AD (AD-VM, n = 51), and mild AD (AD-M, n = 21). RESULTS There were significant reduction rates in CCA and CIR in all three groups. While CCA reduction rates were not statistically different between groups, the CIR declined faster in AD-VM (p < 0.03) and AD-M (p < 0.0001) relative to NC, and in AD-M relative to AD-VM (p < 0.0004). CONCLUSION CIR declines at an accelerated rate with AD severity. Its rate of change is more closely associated with AD progression than CCA or any of its sub-regions. CIR may be a useful group biomarker for objective assessment of treatments that aim to slow AD progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alvin H Bachman
- The Nathan S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY, USA
| | - Sang Han Lee
- The Nathan S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY, USA
| | - John J Sidtis
- The Nathan S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY, USA Department of Psychiatry, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Babak A Ardekani
- The Nathan S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY, USA Department of Psychiatry, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
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