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Chen F, Zhong H, Chan G, Ouyang D. A Comprehensive Analysis of Biopharmaceutical Products Listed in the FDA's Purple Book. AAPS PharmSciTech 2024; 25:88. [PMID: 38637407 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-024-02802-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Although biopharmaceuticals constitute around 10% of the drug landscape, eight of the ten top-selling products were biopharmaceuticals in 2023. This study did a comprehensive analysis of the FDA's Purple Book database. Firstly, our research uncovered market trends and provided insights into biologics distributions. According to the investigation, although biotechnology has advanced and legislative shifts have made the approval process faster, there are still challenges to overcome, such as molecular instability and formulation design. Moreover, our research comprehensively analyzed biological formulations, pointing out significant strategies regarding administration routes, dosage forms, product packaging, and excipients. In conjunction with biologics, the widespread integration of innovative delivery strategies will be implemented to confront the evolving challenges in healthcare and meet an expanding array of treatment needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuduan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, 999078, China
| | - Hao Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, 999078, China
| | - Ging Chan
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, 999078, China
| | - Defang Ouyang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, 999078, China.
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, 999078, China.
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2
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Peng H, Han B, Tong T, Jin X, Peng Y, Guo M, Li B, Ding J, Kong Q, Wang Q. 3D printing processes in precise drug delivery for personalized medicine. Biofabrication 2024; 16:032001. [PMID: 38569493 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/ad3a14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
With the advent of personalized medicine, the drug delivery system will be changed significantly. The development of personalized medicine needs the support of many technologies, among which three-dimensional printing (3DP) technology is a novel formulation-preparing process that creates 3D objects by depositing printing materials layer-by-layer based on the computer-aided design method. Compared with traditional pharmaceutical processes, 3DP produces complex drug combinations, personalized dosage, and flexible shape and structure of dosage forms (DFs) on demand. In the future, personalized 3DP drugs may supplement and even replace their traditional counterpart. We systematically introduce the applications of 3DP technologies in the pharmaceutical industry and summarize the virtues and shortcomings of each technique. The release behaviors and control mechanisms of the pharmaceutical DFs with desired structures are also analyzed. Finally, the benefits, challenges, and prospects of 3DP technology to the pharmaceutical industry are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haisheng Peng
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical College, University of Shaoxing, Shaoxing, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Han
- Department of Pharmacy, Daqing Branch, Harbin Medical University, Daqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianjian Tong
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, United States of America
| | - Xin Jin
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical College, University of Shaoxing, Shaoxing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanbo Peng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Rd, Nanjing 211198, People's Republic of China
| | - Meitong Guo
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical College, University of Shaoxing, Shaoxing, People's Republic of China
| | - Bian Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical College, University of Shaoxing, Shaoxing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiaxin Ding
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical College, University of Shaoxing, Shaoxing, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingfei Kong
- Department of Neurobiology, Harbin Medical University, Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, People's Republic of China
| | - Qun Wang
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, United States of America
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Zermeño-Acosta M, Sumano H, Villar JLD, Bernad MJ, Gutiérrez L. Pharmacokinetics of doxycycline hyclate in pigs with a new feed premix formulation. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 2024; 47:107-113. [PMID: 38014818 DOI: 10.1111/jvp.13419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the administration of doxycycline hyclate in a long-acting pharmaceutical preparation in pigs when administered either ad libitum as a feed medication or an oral bolus dose. In all instances, the studied dose was 20 mg/kg b.w. A total of 48 healthy crossbred, castrated male pigs (Landrace-Yorkshire) weighing 23 ± 4.3 kg were included in this trial. They were randomly assigned to six groups as follows: two groups for the experimental prototype 1 of doxycycline hyclate administering it ad libitum (Fad-lib) or as forced bolus (Fbolus); two groups for the experimental prototype 2 of doxycycline hyclate as for the former groups (FCad-lib and FCbolus), and two control groups receiving the same dose of doxycycline hyclate, but of a commercial premix, also as previously explained (Cbolus and Cad-lib). Statistical analysis of the mean pharmacokinetic values was carried out with Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn's tests. The relative bioavailability (Fr) of the best prototype, when administered ad libitum (FCad-lib), was five times larger than the reference group (Cadlib). These results allow the proposal that the referred differences achieved in the presented prototypes can mark a notable clinical difference, particularly in pathogens with some resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mónica Zermeño-Acosta
- Departamento de Fisiología y Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México City, Mexico
| | - Héctor Sumano
- Departamento de Fisiología y Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México City, Mexico
| | - Jorge Luna-Del Villar
- Departamento de Cirugía, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México City, Mexico
| | - Maria Josefa Bernad
- Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México City, Mexico
| | - Lilia Gutiérrez
- Departamento de Fisiología y Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México City, Mexico
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Tanaka K, Kikutani T, Tamura F, Sato S, Komagata Y, Shibasaki I, Tomioka K, Ichikawa Y, Shiobara Y, Sato T, Tohara T. Problems experienced when swallowing solid oral dosage forms in older Japanese patients with dysphagia: A cross-sectional study. Spec Care Dentist 2024; 44:214-220. [PMID: 37029091 DOI: 10.1111/scd.12853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2023]
Abstract
AIMS We aimed to assess the difficulty in taking solid oral dosage forms (SODFs) among older people with dysphagia and clarify the relationship between difficulty in swallowing SODFs and swallowing function. METHODS AND RESULTS Outpatients from a dysphagia clinic aged ≥65 years were asked yes-or-no questions about the applicability of eight items regarding difficulty in taking SODFs. Additionally, a videofluorographic swallowing study (VFSS) was performed to assess their swallowing function. The Kruskal-Wallis test and Spearman's rank correlation coefficient were used to analyze the relationship between difficulty in taking SODFs and swallowing function. RESULTS Among the 93 participants, the average number of SODFs consumed was 5.8 ± 3.1. In the questionnaire, the average number of "yes" answers was 2.2 ± 2.2, and 65 patients (71.0%) answered "yes" to at least one question. Additionally, no significant relationship was observed between the perceived difficulty in swallowing SODFs and VFSS findings. CONCLUSION Approximately 70% of participants reported subjective difficulty in taking SODFs, showing that patients uniformly reported perceived difficulty in taking SODFs regardless of actual swallowing function. The results of this study suggest that patients must be questioned thoroughly about their SODFs use, regardless of the objective severity of their dysphagia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kumi Tanaka
- Division of Rehabilitation for Speech and Swallowing Disorders, The Nippon Dental University, Koganei, Tokyo, Japan
- The Nippon Dental University, Tama Oral Rehabilitation Clinic, Koganei-city, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takeshi Kikutani
- Division of Rehabilitation for Speech and Swallowing Disorders, The Nippon Dental University, Koganei, Tokyo, Japan
- The Nippon Dental University, Tama Oral Rehabilitation Clinic, Koganei-city, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Fumiyo Tamura
- Division of Rehabilitation for Speech and Swallowing Disorders, The Nippon Dental University, Koganei, Tokyo, Japan
- The Nippon Dental University, Tama Oral Rehabilitation Clinic, Koganei-city, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shiho Sato
- Division of Rehabilitation for Speech and Swallowing Disorders, The Nippon Dental University, Koganei, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuka Komagata
- Division of Rehabilitation for Speech and Swallowing Disorders, The Nippon Dental University, Koganei, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ikumi Shibasaki
- Division of Rehabilitation for Speech and Swallowing Disorders, The Nippon Dental University, Koganei, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kosei Tomioka
- Division of Rehabilitation for Speech and Swallowing Disorders, The Nippon Dental University, Koganei, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoko Ichikawa
- Division of Rehabilitation for Speech and Swallowing Disorders, The Nippon Dental University, Koganei, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Shiobara
- Division of Rehabilitation for Speech and Swallowing Disorders, The Nippon Dental University, Koganei, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takanobu Sato
- Division of Rehabilitation for Speech and Swallowing Disorders, The Nippon Dental University, Koganei, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Tohara
- Division of Rehabilitation for Speech and Swallowing Disorders, The Nippon Dental University, Koganei, Tokyo, Japan
- The Nippon Dental University, Tama Oral Rehabilitation Clinic, Koganei-city, Tokyo, Japan
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Mu Y, Zhao L, Shen L. Medication adherence and pharmaceutical design strategies for pediatric patients: An overview. Drug Discov Today 2023; 28:103766. [PMID: 37708932 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2023.103766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
Medication adherence in pediatric patients is a key factor in drug development and dosage form design. High medication adherence is not only important to achieve the expected treatment effects but can also effectively reduce medical costs. It is an ongoing task to accurately identify differences in medication adherence between children and adults and analyze the factors related to pediatric medication adherence. This is necessary to guide the development of pediatric drugs. This review focuses on factors that influence pediatric medication adherence as well as pharmaceutical design strategies to improve adherence. Current new dosage forms, new technologies, and new devices are comprehensively summarized in terms of their advantages and limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Mu
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 1200, Cai-Lun Road, Pudong District, Shanghai 201203, PR China
| | - Lijie Zhao
- Engineering Research Center of Modern Preparation Technology of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 1200, Cai-Lun Road, Pudong District, Shanghai 201203, PR China.
| | - Lan Shen
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 1200, Cai-Lun Road, Pudong District, Shanghai 201203, PR China.
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Abstract
Optimization of the in vivo performance of dosage forms in humans is essential in developing not only conventional formulations but also drug delivery system (DDS) formulations. Although animal experiments are still useful for these formulations, in silico approaches have become increasingly important for DDS formulations with regard to species-specific differences in physiology that can affect the in vivo performance of dosage forms between animals and humans. Furthermore, it is also important to couple in vitro characterizations with in silico models to predict in vivo performance in humans precisely. In this review article, I summarized in vitro-in silico approaches to predicting the in vivo performance of oral DDS formulations (amorphous solid dispersions, lipid-based formulations, nanosized formulations, cyclodextrins-based formulations, sustained release products, enteric coat products, and orally disintegrating tablets) and parenteral DDS formulations (cyclodextrins-based formulations, liposomes, and inhaled formulations).
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Kambayashi
- Pharmaceutical Research and Technology Laboratories, Astellas Pharma Incorporated, 180 Ozumi, Yaizu, Shizuoka 425-0072, Japan
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Salave S, Patel P, Desai N, Rana D, Benival D, Khunt D, Thanawuth K, Prajapati BG, Sriamornsak P. Recent advances in dosage form design for the elderly: a review. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2023; 20:1553-1571. [PMID: 37978899 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2023.2286368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION With the increase in the elderly population and the prevalence of multiple medical conditions, medication adherence, and efficacy have become crucial for the effective management of their health. The aging population faces unique challenges that need to be addressed through advancements in drug delivery systems and formulation technologies. AREAS COVERED The current review highlights the recent advances in dosage form design for older individuals, with consideration of their specific physiological and cognitive changes. Various dosage forms, such as modified-release tablets/capsules, chewable tablets, and transdermal patches, can be tailored to meet the specific needs of elderly patients. Advancements in drug delivery systems, such as nanotherapeutics, additive manufacturing (three-dimensional printing), and drug-food combinations, improve drug delivery and efficacy and overcome challenges, such as dysphagia and medication adherence. EXPERT OPINION Regulatory guidelines and considerations are crucial in ensuring the safe utilization of medications among older adults. Important factors to consider include geriatric-specific guidelines, safety considerations, labeling requirements, clinical trial considerations, and adherence and accessibility considerations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sagar Salave
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Ahmedabad, India
| | - Pranav Patel
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Ahmedabad, India
| | - Nimeet Desai
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi, India
| | - Dhwani Rana
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Ahmedabad, India
| | - Derajram Benival
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Ahmedabad, India
| | - Dignesh Khunt
- Graduate School of Pharmacy, Gujarat Technological University, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | | | - Bhupendra G Prajapati
- Shree S. K. Patel College of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Ganpat University, Mehsana, India
| | - Pornsak Sriamornsak
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
- Academy of Science, The Royal Society of Thailand, Bangkok, Thailand
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Jîtcă CM, Jîtcă G, Ősz BE, Pușcaș A, Imre S. Stability of Oral Liquid Dosage Forms in Pediatric Cardiology: A Prerequisite for Patient's Safety-A Narrative Review. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15041306. [PMID: 37111791 PMCID: PMC10142604 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15041306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 04/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of safe and effective pediatric formulations is essential, especially in therapeutic areas such as pediatric cardiology, where the treatment requires multiple dosing or outpatient care. Although liquid oral dosage forms are considered the formulation of choice given the dose flexibility and acceptability, the compounding practices are not endorsed by the health authorities, and achieving stability can be problematic. The purpose of this study is to provide a comprehensive overview of the stability of liquid oral dosage forms used in pediatric cardiology. An extensive review of the literature has been performed, with a particular focus on cardiovascular pharmacotherapy, by consulting the current studies indexed in PubMed, ScienceDirect, PLoS One, and Google Scholar databases. Regulations and guidelines have been considered against the studies found in the literature. Overall, the stability study is well-designed, and the critical quality attributes (CQAs) have been selected for testing. Several approaches have been identified as innovative in order to optimize stability, but opportunities to improve have been also identified, such as in-use studies and achieving dose standardization. Consequently, the information gathering and the results of the studies can be translated into clinical practice in order to achieve the desired stability of liquid oral dosage forms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen-Maria Jîtcă
- Doctoral School of Medicine and Pharmacy, I.O.S.U.D., George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Târgu Mureș, 540139 Târgu Mureș, Romania
| | - George Jîtcă
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Târgu Mureș, 540139 Târgu Mureș, Romania
| | - Bianca-Eugenia Ősz
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Târgu Mureș, 540139 Târgu Mureș, Romania
| | - Amalia Pușcaș
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Târgu Mureș, 540139 Târgu Mureș, Romania
| | - Silvia Imre
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Drug Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Târgu Mureș, 540139 Târgu Mureș, Romania
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Li X, Liang C, Guo Y, Su J, Chen X, Macgregor RB, Zhang RX, Yan H. Clinical Translation of Long-Acting Drug Delivery Systems for Posterior Capsule Opacification Prophylaxis. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15041235. [PMID: 37111720 PMCID: PMC10143098 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15041235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Posterior capsule opacification (PCO) remains the most common cause of vision loss post cataract surgery. The clinical management of PCO formation is limited to either physical impedance of residual lens epithelial cells (LECs) by implantation of specially designed intraocular lenses (IOL) or laser ablation of the opaque posterior capsular tissues; however, these strategies cannot fully eradicate PCO and are associated with other ocular complications. In this review, we critically appraise recent advances in conventional and nanotechnology-based drug delivery approaches to PCO prophylaxis. We focus on long-acting dosage forms, including drug-eluting IOL, injectable hydrogels, nanoparticles and implants, highlighting analysis of their controlled drug-release properties (e.g., release duration, maximum drug release, drug-release half-life). The rational design of drug delivery systems by considering the intraocular environment, issues of initial burst release, drug loading content, delivery of drug combination and long-term ocular safety holds promise for the development of safe and effective pharmacological applications in anti-PCO therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyang Li
- Xi'an People's Hospital (Xi'an Fourth Hospital), Shaanxi Eye Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital of Northwest University, 21 Jiefang Road, Xi'an 710004, China
| | - Chen Liang
- Xi'an People's Hospital (Xi'an Fourth Hospital), Shaanxi Eye Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital of Northwest University, 21 Jiefang Road, Xi'an 710004, China
| | - Yexuan Guo
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Medical Research, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Jing Su
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Medical Research, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Xi Chen
- Xi'an People's Hospital (Xi'an Fourth Hospital), Shaanxi Eye Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital of Northwest University, 21 Jiefang Road, Xi'an 710004, China
| | - Robert B Macgregor
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, 144 College Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3M2, Canada
| | - Rui Xue Zhang
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Medical Research, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Hong Yan
- Xi'an People's Hospital (Xi'an Fourth Hospital), Shaanxi Eye Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital of Northwest University, 21 Jiefang Road, Xi'an 710004, China
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Medical Research, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an 710072, China
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Larenkov A, Mitrofanov I, Pavlenko E, Rakhimov M. Radiolysis-Associated Decrease in Radiochemical Purity of 177Lu-Radiopharmaceuticals and Comparison of the Effectiveness of Selected Quenchers against This Process. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28041884. [PMID: 36838872 PMCID: PMC9967390 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28041884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The radiolytic degradation of vector molecules is a major factor affecting the shelf life of therapeutic radiopharmaceuticals. The development of time-stable dosage forms of radiopharmaceuticals is the key to their successful implementation in clinical practice. Using [177Lu]Lu-PSMA-617 molecule as an example, the time dependence of the change in radiochemical purity (RCP, %) under radiolysis conditions was studied. The dependence of [177Lu]Lu-PSMA-617 radiolysis on parameters such as time, radionuclide activity, buffer agent concentration, precursor amount, and preparation volume was evaluated. It was shown that the absorbed dose was the dominant factor influencing the RCP. The RCP value is inversely proportional to the absorbed dose in the [177Lu]Lu-PSMA-617 preparation and has an exponential dependence. The lutetium-177 dose factor ψ (Gy·mL·MBq-1) and PSMA-617 concentration-dependent dose constant κ (Gy-1) were evaluated for absorbed dose estimation via computer modeling, chemical dosimetry, and radiochemical purity monitoring under various conditions. The further refinement and application of the dependencies found can be useful for predicting the RCP value at the stage of optimizing the composition of the finished dosage form of therapeutic radiopharmaceuticals. The influence of the buffer agent (sodium acetate) concentration on [177Lu]Lu-PSMA-617 radiolytic degradation was shown and should be considered both when developing a dosage form, and when comparing the results of independent studies. The effectiveness of the addition of various stabilizing agents, such as DMSA, cysteine, gentisic acid, vanillin, methionine, adenine, dobesilic acid, thymine, uracil, nicotinamide, meglumine, and mannitol, in suppressing the effects of radiolysis was evaluated.
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Itigimatha N, Chadchan KS, Yallur BC, Hadagali MD. New Analytical Methods for the Determination of New Anti-Viral Drug Favipiravir: A Potential Therapeutic Drug Against Covid-19 Virus, in Bulk and Dosage Forms. Pharm Chem J 2023; 56:1419-1425. [PMID: 36683827 PMCID: PMC9838498 DOI: 10.1007/s11094-023-02807-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Simple, accurate and robust analytical methods have been developed and validated for the determination of favipiravir (FVPR) by RP-HPLC and UV spectroscopy techniques as per the ICH guidelines. In the RP-HPLC method for FVPR determination, the mobile phase was ammonium acetate buffer pH 6.5 in pump Aand methanol in pump B. The C18 (Sunfire) 5 μm, 4.6 × 250 mm column was used as a stationary phase, and the detection wavelength was at 323 nm. Under these conditions, FVPR was eluted as a sharp peak at 2.65 min and the overall time taken for each injection was 10 min. In case of the UV spectroscopy method, standard FVPR solutions were prepared with pure ethanol and scanned from 250 to 400 nm and a flourishing spectrum was obtained at 323 nm. Hence, the wavelength of 323 nm was fixed for the whole process of validation in both techniques. The limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) in the RP-HPLC method were 1.0 and 3.5 μg/mL, respectively, and the linearity was established in the 10 to 50 μg/mL range. In the UV spectroscopy method, the LOD and LOQ values were found to be 3.5 and 12 μg/mL, respectively, and the linearity was established within 20 to 60 μg/mL range. The regression coefficient was found to exceed 0.999 in both methods. The proposed RP-HPLC and UV spectroscopy techniques are simple, accurate, rugged and robust.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nandeesha Itigimatha
- grid.444321.40000 0004 0501 2828Department of Chemistry, MS Ramaiah Institute of Technology, Bangalore, 560054 India ,grid.444321.40000 0004 0501 2828Affiliated to Visvesvaraya Technological University, Belagavi, Karnataka 590018 India
| | - Kailash S. Chadchan
- grid.411706.50000 0004 1773 9266Department of Chemistry, BLDEA’s V. P. Dr. P. G. Halakatti College of Engineering and Technology, Vijayapur, Karnataka 586103 India
| | - Basappa C. Yallur
- grid.444321.40000 0004 0501 2828Department of Chemistry, MS Ramaiah Institute of Technology, Bangalore, 560054 India ,grid.444321.40000 0004 0501 2828Affiliated to Visvesvaraya Technological University, Belagavi, Karnataka 590018 India
| | - Manjunatha D. Hadagali
- grid.449028.30000 0004 1773 8378Department of Studies in Chemistry, Davangere University, Shivagangothri, Davangere, Karnataka 577002 India
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Alhamad H, Jaber D, Abu-Farha R, Albahar F, Edaily SM, Donyai P. Factors Influencing Public Willingness to Reuse the Unused Stored Medications in Jordan: A Cross-Sectional Study. Healthcare (Basel) 2022; 11:healthcare11010075. [PMID: 36611535 PMCID: PMC9818750 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11010075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The reissuing, redispensing, redistributing, or even recycling of the returned unused stored medicines is referred to as medicine reuse. A few studies have examined people's willingness to reuse unused stored medicines. This study aims primarily to explore the public's willingness to reuse unused stored medicines in the future and the factors affecting their decisions, and to assess the pharmacological types and formulations of the unused stored medicines by the public. A cross-sectional study was conducted using a convenient sampling technique over three weeks (February-March 2022) among Jordanian populations. Data were collected from 681 participants who agreed to fill out a questionnaire, which was distributed online. Participants showed a positive perception of reusing any of the unused stored medicines in the future; of those, 79.6% (n = 400) believed that reusing "unused medicines" has economic benefits and 50% (n = 251) believe there are environmental benefits. Moreover, more than half of the participants believed that reusing "unused medicines" is safe (n = 256, 51%), but provided that a pharmacist or a doctor evaluates their quality or that the unused medicines are stored well. Results from this study show that the public positively endorses the idea of reusing unused stored medicines if the quality and safety are assured. However, future studies are needed to evaluate the Jordanian healthcare professionals' perceptions towards medicine reuse and pharmaceutical companies' willingness to be a part or facilitator of medicine reuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamza Alhamad
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zarqa University, P.O. Box 2000, Zarqa 13110, Jordan
- Correspondence:
| | - Deema Jaber
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zarqa University, P.O. Box 2000, Zarqa 13110, Jordan
| | - Rana Abu-Farha
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Applied Science Private University, Amman 11931, Jordan
| | - Fares Albahar
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zarqa University, P.O. Box 2000, Zarqa 13110, Jordan
| | - Sahar M. Edaily
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zarqa University, P.O. Box 2000, Zarqa 13110, Jordan
| | - Parastou Donyai
- Department of Pharmacy and Forensic Science, King’s College, London SE1 9NH, UK
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Rampedi PN, Ogunrombi MO, Wesley-Smith J, Adeleke OA. A Micro-Configured Multiparticulate Reconstitutable Suspension Powder of Fixed Dose Rifampicin and Pyrazinamide: Optimal Fabrication and In Vitro Quality Evaluation. Pharmaceutics 2022; 15:pharmaceutics15010064. [PMID: 36678693 PMCID: PMC9861895 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15010064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The scarcity of age-appropriate pharmaceutical formulations is one of the major challenges impeding successful management of tuberculosis (TB) prevalence in minors. To this end, we designed and assessed the quality of a multiparticulate reconstitutable suspension powder containing fixed dose rifampicin and pyrazinamide (150 mg/300 mg per 5 mL) which was prepared employing solid−liquid direct dispersion coupled with timed dehydration, and mechanical pulverization. The optimized formulation had a high production yield (96.000 ± 3.270%), displayed noteworthy powder flow quality (9.670 ± 1.150°), upon reconstitution the suspension flow property was non-Newtonian and was easily redispersible with gentle manual agitation (1.720 ± 0.011 strokes/second). Effective drug loading was attained for both pyrazinamide (97.230 ± 2.570%w/w) and rifampicin (97.610 ± 0.020%w/w) and drug release followed a zero-order kinetic model (R2 = 0.990) for both drugs. Microscopic examinations confirmed drug encapsulation efficiency and showed that the particulates were micro-dimensional in nature (n < 700.000 µm). The formulation was physicochemically stable with no chemically irreversible drug-excipient interactions based on the results of characterization experiments performed. Findings from organoleptic evaluations generated an overall rating of 4.000 ± 0.000 for its attractive appearance and colour 5.000 ± 0.000 confirming its excellent taste and extremely pleasant smell. Preliminary cytotoxicity studies showed a cell viability above 70.000% which indicates that the FDC formulation was biocompatible. The optimized formulation was environmentally stable either as a dry powder or reconstituted suspension. Accordingly, a stable and palatable FDC antimycobacterial reconstitutable oral suspension powder, intended for flexible dosing in children and adolescents, was optimally fabricated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Penelope N. Rampedi
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Pretoria 0208, South Africa
| | - Modupe O. Ogunrombi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, School of Medicine, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Pretoria 0208, South Africa
| | - James Wesley-Smith
- Electron Microscope Unit, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Pretoria 0208, South Africa
| | - Oluwatoyin A. Adeleke
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Pretoria 0208, South Africa
- Faculty of Health, College of Pharmacy, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
- Correspondence: or
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14
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Andersson ÅC, Eksborg S, Förberg U, Nydert P, Lindemalm S. Manipulated Oral and Rectal Drugs in a Paediatric Swedish University Hospital, a Registry-Based Study Comparing Two Study-Years, Ten Years Apart. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 16:ph16010008. [PMID: 36678505 PMCID: PMC9866613 DOI: 10.3390/ph16010008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
This is a registry-based study with the aim of describing and comparing the frequency of manipulations of solid oral and rectal medicines in 2009 and 2019 at inpatient units and an emergency department in a paediatric hospital within a Swedish university hospital. All patients aged 1 month−18 years with oral or rectal administrations were included. In total, 140,791 oral and rectal administrations were included in 2009, and 167,945 oral and rectal administrations were included in 2019. The frequency of patients receiving at least one manipulated oral medicine decreased between the study years, both in inpatient units and in the emergency department (from 19% to 17%, p = 0.0029 and from 11% to 5%, p < 0.0001, respectively). The frequency of patients receiving a manipulated rectal medicine also decreased between the study years, both in inpatient units and in the emergency department (from 22% to 10%, p < 0.0001 and from 35% to 7% 2019, p < 0.0001, respectively). The results show a decrease in the manipulation of both oral and rectal medicines to paediatric patients in 2019 compared to 2009. Even though this implies a safer practice, there is still a pronounced lack of child-friendly dosage forms and suitable strengths enabling the safe administration of medicines to sick children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Åsa C. Andersson
- Karolinska University Hospital, 17164 Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +46-8-123-75579
| | - Staffan Eksborg
- Karolinska University Hospital, 17164 Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ulrika Förberg
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
- School of Health and Welfare, Dalarna University, 79131 Falun, Sweden
| | - Per Nydert
- Karolinska University Hospital, 17164 Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, 14152 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Synnöve Lindemalm
- Karolinska University Hospital, 17164 Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, 14152 Stockholm, Sweden
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15
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Tikhonova EG, Sanzhakov MA, Tereshkina YA, Kostryukova LV, Khudoklinova YY, Orlova NA, Bobrova DV, Ipatova OM. Drug Transport System Based on Phospholipid Nanoparticles: Production Technology and Characteristics. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14. [PMID: 36432714 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14112522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the current trends in modern pharmaceuticals is the supply of drugs by transport systems. The use of delivery systems allows to increase the therapeutic efficacy, tolerability, and safety of drug therapy. Liposomes, polymer nanoparticles, carbon nanoparticles, blood cells, metal nanoparticles, oxides, etc., are used as transport systems. This work is aimed at obtaining a finished technological product based on soy phospholipids with particle size in the nanometer range and reproducible characteristics (size, charge). For this purpose, we carried out investigations to select the optimal conditions of technological process. The developed technology makes it possible to obtain phospholipid nanoparticles without the use of any solubilizers and/or surfactants, which increases its practical relevance for further work. The versatility of the technology is demonstrated by the example of incorporation of drugs of various chemical nature and pharmacotherapeutic groups.
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16
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Talaat W, Farahat AA, Keshk RM. Selective Sensing of Darolutamide and Thalidomide in Pharmaceutical Preparations and in Spiked Biofluids. Biosensors (Basel) 2022; 12:1005. [PMID: 36421121 PMCID: PMC9688659 DOI: 10.3390/bios12111005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Selective spectrofluorometric sensing is introduced for the analysis of non-steroidal anti-androgens, darolutamide, and thalidomide in pharmaceutical preparations and biofluids. An organic fluorophore, 2,4,8,10-tetramethylpyrido[2',3':3,4]pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine 2 was synthesized in our laboratories by new simple methods to act as a fluorescent reagent for the analysis of the studied drugs. Elemental and spectral analyses were performed to approve the fluorophore structure. The fluorophore possesses a fluorescence at λem 422 nm when excited at 328 nm. The interaction between the studied drugs and the fluorophore was found to be quenching. The quenching mechanisms were studied and interpreted through the Stern-Volmer relationship. Moreover, the Stern-Volmer constants were calculated for the quenching interactions of both drugs. The introduced method was validated for the estimation of darolutamide and thalidomide in dosage forms, plasma, and urine, offering good percentage recoveries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wael Talaat
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Damanhour University, Damanhour 22514, Egypt
| | - Abdelbasset A. Farahat
- Master of Pharmaceutical Sciences Program, California Northstate University, Elk Grove, CA 95757, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Reda Mohammed Keshk
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Damanhour University, Damanhour 22511, Egypt
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Pokharkar V, Sajith M, Vallet T, Akshantal S, Shah R, Ruiz F, Salunke S. Acceptability of different oral dosage forms in paediatric patients in hospital setting. Arch Dis Child 2022; 107:796-801. [PMID: 34799375 DOI: 10.1136/archdischild-2021-322604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The understanding of acceptability of existing dosage forms is limited in most of the world and hinders the development of acceptable, age-appropriate medicines. The attributes of paediatric medicine acceptability may differ from country to country based on culture, healthcare infrastructure and health policies. This study was designed to map the acceptability of oral medicines in paediatric patients treated in hospital in India. METHODS An observational, cross-sectional study was conducted in patients aged below 18 years and taking any form of oral medication. Acceptability scores were obtained using CAST-ClinSearch Acceptability Score Test tool. FINDINGS 490 patients were recruited and 193 evaluations of different pharmaceutical products available in 20 dosage forms and 7 routes of administration were studied. Oral liquids (50%) and tablets (35%) were the most commonly prescribed and administered forms. Regardless of the therapeutic class and age, the oral liquids were 'positively accepted' in infants and toddlers. Acceptability of tablets improved with age and appeared to be generally good from the age of 6. CONCLUSION This study indicates the limited progress towards adoption of age-appropriate dosage forms in India and thus impact on the acceptability of existing oral dosage forms. The key challenges posed by the adoption of age-appropriate formulations in India are (1) awareness of importance of appropriate administration and acceptability of medicines to children in India, (2) availability of age-appropriate dosage forms and (3) lack of child-appropriate medicine policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varsha Pokharkar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed University Poona College of Pharmacy, Pune, India
| | - Manjusha Sajith
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed University Poona College of Pharmacy, Pune, India
| | | | - Shruti Akshantal
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed University Poona College of Pharmacy, Pune, India
| | - Rathin Shah
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed University Poona College of Pharmacy, Pune, India
| | | | - Smita Salunke
- School of Pharmacy, University College London, London, UK
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18
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Yin XB, Qu CH, Dong XX, Shen MR, Ni J. [Preparation regularity of Chinese patent medicine in Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2020 edition, Vol.Ⅰ)]. Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi 2022; 47:4529-4535. [PMID: 36046882 DOI: 10.19540/j.cnki.cjcmm.20220419.601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Chinese Pharmacopoeia is an important part of drug standards in China, and it is also a legal basis that must be strictly followed in drug development, production, operation, application, and management. The information on prescriptions, preparation methods, properties, identification, inspection, content determination, functions and indications, usage and dosage, precautions, specifications, and storage of Chinese patent medicine preparations included in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia(Vol.Ⅰ) was clarified. The "Preparation Method" section describes the preparation process of Chinese patent medicine from decoction pieces to finished preparations in detail and specifies the preparation production methods and parameters, which has a good guiding and standardizing effect on the production of Chinese patent medicine in China. The present study summarized the preparation methods of Chinese patent medicine preparations and single drug preparations contained in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia(2020 edition, Vol.Ⅰ) in stages and analyzed the common preparation methods and technical parameters of Chinese patent medicine preparations, which is helpful to understand the current situation of Chinese patent medicine production technology in China and can provide references for the development of new Chinese medicine, the transformation of large varieties of Chinese patent medicine, and the optimization of preparation process of Chinese patent medicine in the market.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing-Bin Yin
- School of Chinese Material Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Beijing 102488, China
| | - Chang-Hai Qu
- School of Chinese Material Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Beijing 102488, China
| | - Xiao-Xu Dong
- School of Chinese Material Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Beijing 102488, China
| | - Ming-Rui Shen
- Chinese Pharmacopoeia Commission Beijing 100061, China
| | - Jian Ni
- School of Chinese Material Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Beijing 102488, China
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19
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Anwar-Fadzil AFB, Yuan Y, Wang L, Kochhar JS, Kachouie NN, Kang L. Recent progress in three-dimensionally-printed dosage forms from a pharmacist perspective. J Pharm Pharmacol 2022; 74:1367-1390. [PMID: 35191505 DOI: 10.1093/jpp/rgab168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Additive manufacturing (AM), commonly known as 3D printing (3DP), has opened new frontiers in pharmaceutical applications. This review is aimed to summarise the recent development of 3D-printed dosage forms, from a pharmacists' perspective. METHODS Keywords including additive manufacturing, 3D printing and drug delivery were used for literature search in PubMed, Excerpta Medica Database (EMBASE) and Web of Science, to identify articles published in the year 2020. RESULTS For each 3DP study, the active pharmaceutical ingredients, 3D printers and materials used for the printing were tabulated and discussed. 3DP has found its applications in various dosage forms for oral delivery, transdermal delivery, rectal delivery, vaginal delivery, implant and bone scaffolding. Several topics were discussed in detail, namely patient-specific dosing, customisable drug administration, multidrug approach, varying drug release, compounding pharmacy, regulatory progress and future perspectives. AM is expected to become a common tool in compounding pharmacies to make polypills and personalised medications. CONCLUSION 3DP is an enabling tool to fabricate dosage forms with intricate structure designs, tailored dosing, drug combinations and controlled release, all of which lend it to be highly conducive to personalisation, thereby revolutionising the future of pharmacy practice.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yunong Yuan
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Lingxin Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Jaspreet S Kochhar
- Personal Health Care, Procter & Gamble, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Nezamoddin N Kachouie
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, Florida Institute of Technology, Melbourne, FL, USA
| | - Lifeng Kang
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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20
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Li R, Ting YH, Youssef SH, Song Y, Garg S. Three-Dimensional Printing for Cancer Applications: Research Landscape and Technologies. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14080787. [PMID: 34451884 PMCID: PMC8401566 DOI: 10.3390/ph14080787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
As a variety of novel technologies, 3D printing has been considerably applied in the field of health care, including cancer treatment. With its fast prototyping nature, 3D printing could transform basic oncology discoveries to clinical use quickly, speed up and even revolutionise the whole drug discovery and development process. This literature review provides insight into the up-to-date applications of 3D printing on cancer research and treatment, from fundamental research and drug discovery to drug development and clinical applications. These include 3D printing of anticancer pharmaceutics, 3D-bioprinted cancer cell models and customised nonbiological medical devices. Finally, the challenges of 3D printing for cancer applications are elaborated, and the future of 3D-printed medical applications is envisioned.
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21
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Thiem DGE, Hans L, Blatt S, Römer P, Heimes D, Al-Nawas B, Kämmerer PW. Hyperspectral Imaging to Study Dynamic Skin Perfusion after Injection of Articaine-4% with and without Epinephrine-Clinical Implications on Local Vasoconstriction. J Clin Med 2021; 10:3411. [PMID: 34362194 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10153411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the dynamic skin perfusion via hyperspectral imaging (HSI) after application of Articaine-4% ± epinephrine as well as epinephrine only. After the subcutaneous injection of (A100) Articaine-4% with epinephrine 1:100,000, (A200) Articaine-4% with epinephrine 1:200,000, (Aw/o) Articaine-4% without epinephrine, and (EPI200) epinephrine 1:200,000, into the flexor side of the forearm in a split-arm design, dynamic skin perfusion measurement was performed over 120 min by determining tissue oxygen saturation (StO2) using HSI. After injection, all groups experienced a reactive hyperaemia. With A200, it took about three min for StO2 to drop below baseline. For Aw/o and EPI200, perfusion reduction when compared to baseline was seen at 30 min with vasoconstriction >120 min. A100 caused vasodilation with hyperaemia >60 min. After three minutes, the perfusion pattern differed significantly (p < 0.001) between all groups except Aw/o and EPI200. The vasoactive effect of epinephrine-containing local anaesthetics can be visualised and dynamically quantified via StO2 using HSI. Aw/o + epinephrine 1:100,000 and 1:200,000 leads to perfusion reduction and tissue ischaemia after 30 min, which lasts over 120 min with no significant difference between both formulations. When using Aw/o containing epinephrine in terms of haemostasis for surgical procedures, a prolonged waiting time before incision of 30 or more min can be recommended.
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22
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Shulyak N, Piponski M, Kovalenko S, Stoimenova TB, Drapak I, Piponska M, Rezk MR, Abbeyquaye AD, Oleshchuk O, Logoyda L. Chaotropic salts impact in HPLC approaches for simultaneous analysis of hydrophilic and lipophilic drugs. J Sep Sci 2021; 44:2908-2916. [PMID: 34047016 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202100168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Simultaneous determination of drugs with different physicochemical properties necessitates thorough research and careful selection of high-performance liquid chromatography conditions. In the present study, various concepts of high-performance liquid chromatography method development for this aim have been discussed. Moreover, the work was motivated by the advantages of utilizing different chaotropic anions as a new promising approach to overcome the limitations of ion-pairing agents commonly used for this purpose. Based on log P values, atorvastatin (log P = 6.36) and lisinopril (log P = -1.22) were chosen as representative examples for lipophilic and hydrophilic drugs, respectively. Several simple, economic, fast, and reliable high-performance liquid chromatography methods were developed for their simultaneous analysis and are presented in a comparative manner, highlighting their advantages and limitations. Peak elution profile showed satisfying retentions and resolution about 3. Photo-diode array calculations were exploited for identifying the molecules by their ultra-violet spectra and peak purity, calculated and presented as rectangular-shaped ratio grams. The linearity check showed excellent results and satisfactory system suitability parameters of both peaks. This confirms the investigation results and conclusions for the influence of the chaotropic salts on N-containing molecules, by increasing their retentivities, and improving peak shapes, even on different quality columns without end-capping and base-deactivating of separation matrixes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nataliia Shulyak
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Ivan Horbachevsky Ternopil National Medical University, Ternopil, Ukraine.,Municipal Institution of Higher Education Volyn Medical Institute of the Volyn Oblast Council, Lutsk, Ukraine
| | | | - Sergiy Kovalenko
- Department of Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Zaporizhzhia State Medical University, Zaporizhzhia, Ukraine
| | | | - Iryna Drapak
- Department of General, Bioinorganic, Physical, and Colloidal Chemistry, Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Lviv, Ukraine
| | - Magdalena Piponska
- Institute for Clinical Biochemistry, University Clinical Center Mother Theresa, Skopje, North Macedonia
| | - Mamdouh R Rezk
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Annie Donkor Abbeyquaye
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Ivan Horbachevsky Ternopil National Medical University, Ternopil, Ukraine
| | - Oleksandra Oleshchuk
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, Ivan Horbachevsky Ternopil National Medical University, Ternopil, Ukraine
| | - Liliya Logoyda
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Ivan Horbachevsky Ternopil National Medical University, Ternopil, Ukraine
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23
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Zuo J, Park C, Kung JYC, Bou-chacra NA, Doschak M, Löbenberg R. Traditional Chinese Medicine “Pill”, an Ancient Dosage Form with Surprising Modern Pharmaceutical Characteristics. Pharm Res 2021; 38:199-211. [PMID: 33604785 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-021-03007-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Currently, the use of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) for healthy living in daily practice is widely accepted across the world. However, not much attention has been paid to the particular characteristics of TCM "pills", one of the classic dosage forms in TCM. For a better understanding, this review was undertaken to provide a modern pharmaceutical overview of pills. Over many centuries, pills have been developed in different types (honeyed pill, water-honeyed pill, watered pill, pasted pill, waxed pill, concentrated pill, and dripping pill) to achieve varying intended TCM release patterns. It suggests that knowledge relating to the impact of binders and excipients on drug release from TCM pills can be traced back to before dissolution testing was invented. Therefore, although Pills may be considered as an ancient and outdated dosage form compared to current drug delivery systems, they have surprisingly modern pharmaceutical properties that is highlighted in this article. In addition, this review found that the quality control standards for TCM pill are globally substantially different. Hence, greater effort should be taken to establish an internationally harmonized and proper standard to safeguard the quality of this dosage form and to ensure the alignment with TCM use.
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24
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Omar MA, Nagy DM, Ahmed HS, Attia TZ. Green spectrofluorimetric determination of salmeterol xinafoate in its pure forms, medicinal commercial formula, and human plasma: Application for stability studies. LUMINESCENCE 2021; 36:937-942. [PMID: 33543552 DOI: 10.1002/bio.4019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
A natural, accurate, extremely rapid, and precise spectrofluorometric method has been developed and validated for determination of salmeterol (SAL) xinafoate in its medicinal commercial form and spiked human plasma. The native SAL fluorescence has been measured at 415 nm (after 340 nm as excitation) in distilled water. Different factors affecting the native fluorescence consistency of SAL were surveyed and optimized. The suggested procedure was capable of SAL determination over concentrations ranging 200-2000 ng.mL-1 with excellent correlation coefficient of 0.9995. The limits of detection and quantification were estimated as 44.44 ng mL-1 and 134.66 ng mL-1 , respectively. The method has good accuracy and precision. The green spectrofluorometric method was used for determination of SAL in its commercial preparations and the results were in accordance with other reported methods regarding accuracy and precision. Moreover, the proposed procedure was enforced for stability indicating assay of SAL and for SAL determination in spiked human plasma. Nearly no cost, high sensitivity, and wide application make the proposed method ideally suited for analysis of SAL in quality control laboratories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud A Omar
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Taibah University, Medinah, Saudi Arabia.,Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia, Egypt
| | - Dalia M Nagy
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia, Egypt
| | - Hoda S Ahmed
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia, Egypt
| | - Tamer Z Attia
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia, Egypt
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25
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Abdullah SN, Mohmad Sabere AS. Public Knowledge, Attitude, and Perception Toward Conventional and Novel Ocular Treatment in Malaysia. J Pharm Bioallied Sci 2020; 13:143-147. [PMID: 34084061 PMCID: PMC8142917 DOI: 10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_463_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 08/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the major concerns in any pharmacological treatment is the patients’ adherence to medication. However, different types of ocular dosage forms might result in different response and compliance from the patients. This study investigated and compared public willingness on different types of dosage forms available for ocular treatment. The study also evaluated their willingness on new approach for the treatment based on their knowledge, attitude, and perception. This study was conducted between October and December 2017 through a set of questionnaires applied to 90 respondents between the age of 18 and 60 years who lived in Muar and Kuantan, Malaysia. The results were analyzed using SPSS software version 22.0 including inferential and descriptive statistics. There was no significant difference in the knowledge level between all age groups towards different types of dosage forms available; eye drops (P = 0.09), eye ointment (P = 0.252), medicated contact lens (P = 0.05), ocular mini-tablets (P = 0.06), and ocular inserts (P = 0.075). There is a variation of results among the public towards different types of dosage forms with their willingness to try conventional and novel approach. Eye drops show the highest willingness followed by eye ointment (less willingness). However, most of them showed no willingness towards medicated contact lens, ocular mini-tablets, and ocular insert. This research hopes to provide an overview on the development process of new formulation and dosage forms based on the patients’ willingness level in an attempt to increase patient compliance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siti Nabilah Abdullah
- Kulliyyah of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Malaysia, Bandar Indera Mahkota, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - Awis Sukarni Mohmad Sabere
- Kulliyyah of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Malaysia, Bandar Indera Mahkota, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia
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Khokhlov AL, Mariandyshev AO, Shcherbakova VS, Ozerova IV, Kazaishvili YG, Igumnova OV, Bolgarina AA, Rudoy BA. [Effect of physicochemical properties on the pharmacokinetic parameters of the new representative of benzothiazinones antituberculosis drug macozinonе]. TERAPEVT ARKH 2020; 92:165-171. [PMID: 33720590 DOI: 10.26442/00403660.2020.12.200482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the top ten causes of death worldwide. Improvement of the treatment options via development of new drugs and treatment regimens that would be more convenient for patients is one of key options of improving the effecacy of the TB prevention and careis. Since the creation of new treatment regimens by minimizing the number of the drugs used and reducing the duration of treatment is the most promising and correct direction, macozinone, a new candidate of the benzothiazinone series, can become the basis for development of new chemotherapy regimens for drug-resistant forms of TB including the combination of macozinone with the most effective modern anti-TB drugs. AIM Comparative evaluation of the pharmacokinetic properties of macozinone capsules 80 mg and the new dosage form a dispersible tablet for preparation of oral solution. MATERIALS AND METHODS Solubility of the substance macozinone in biorelevant media in vitro, permeability of macozinone in the test Caco-2 in vitro, as well as pharmacokinetics of macozinone in dogs in vivo were evaluated. RESULTS The solubility assessment in biorelevant media showed that the average limit of macozinone substance dissolution in the pH 5.0 acetate buffer solution was from 6 to 9 mg/l, in FaSSIF medium (fasted) from 2.5 to 4 mg/l, and in FeSSIF medium (after meals) from 16.8 to 29 mg/l. It is established that the cell permeability of the pharmaceutical substance macozinone in the CACO-2 test system is on average 2.510-6cm/s in the forward direction from the apical to basolateral cell membrane, and 1.510-6cm/s in the reverse direction, which corresponds to low permeability. The main pharmacokinetic parameters of macozinone dispersable tablets 160 mg, after dosing with food and on an empty stomach, as well as capsules 80 mg, when administered on an empty stomach in vivo studies in dogs are presented. DISCUSSION The specific physicochemical properties of macozinone, the problems of developing the new dosage form, as well as ways of solving some of them are presented. CONCLUSION In the process of new dosage forms development, the existing chemical properties of the macozinone substance should be considered. One of the promising ways of increasing bioavailability and, consiquently, efficacy is development a fundamentally new drug form with modified release within the absorption window.
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Alhamad H, Patel N, Donyai P. Towards Medicines Reuse: A Narrative Review of the Different Therapeutic Classes and Dosage Forms of Medication Waste in Different Countries. Pharmacy (Basel) 2020; 8:E230. [PMID: 33271889 PMCID: PMC7712270 DOI: 10.3390/pharmacy8040230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Medicines reuse, the idea of re-dispensing returned medicines to others following quality control, is yet to be implemented in the UK. This practice is potentially a sustainable way of dealing with returned medicines, which are otherwise classed as medication waste and destroyed. To inch towards medicines reuse, it is important to know more about the different therapeutic classes and dosage forms that make up medication waste. For example, it is helpful to know if medicines being returned are mostly solid-dosage forms and thus have the potential to be reused or are from therapeutic classes that would make medicines reuse cost-effective. Little is known about the therapeutic classes and the dosage forms of wasted medicines. This study aimed to narratively review and report findings from the international literature on the different therapeutic classes and the dosage forms of medicines that are returned by patients to community pharmacies, hospitals, general practitioners' clinics, or collected through waste campaigns. Studies based on surveys without physically returning medicines were also included where relevant. METHODS A comprehensive electronic search of databases, including PubMed and Google Scholar, was carried out over one month in 2017 and updated by 5 November 2020, using a combination of carefully created keywords. RESULTS Forty-five studies published in English between 2002 and 2020, comprising data from 26 countries were included and reviewed. Oral solid dosage forms (mostly tablets) were the commonly reported dosage form of all wasted medicines in 14 studies out of the 22 studies (64%) that described the dosage form, with percentages ranging from 40.6% to 95.6% of all wasted medicines. Although there was variability among the levels of medication waste reported in different countries, findings from the UK and Ethiopia were relatively consistent; in these, medicines for the cardiovascular system and anti-infective medicines, respectively, were the most common therapeutic classes for medication waste. CONCLUSION This narrative review provides insights about the different therapeutic classes and dosage forms of medication waste either returned by patients, collected through waste campaigns, or indicated in survey responses. The findings could help policy makers understand the potential implications of treating most unused medicines as medication waste and whether therefore pursuing a medicines reuse scheme could be environmentally or financially logical. The quality and the safety of these returned medicines using criteria related to the storage conditions (such as heat and humidity), physical shape (such as being sealed, unopened, unused, and in blister packaging), and tampering are other important considerations for a medicines reuse scheme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamza Alhamad
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6AP, UK; (N.P.); (P.D.)
- Department of Pharmacy, Zarqa University, 132222 Zarqa, Jordan
| | - Nilesh Patel
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6AP, UK; (N.P.); (P.D.)
| | - Parastou Donyai
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6AP, UK; (N.P.); (P.D.)
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Abu-Hassan AA, Ali R, Derayea SM. A new feasible approach based on utility of ninhydrin for selective fluorimetric analysis of baclofen. Application to content uniformity evaluation. LUMINESCENCE 2020; 36:588-594. [PMID: 33140532 DOI: 10.1002/bio.3976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
In the current proposed analysis, a new, feasible, and selective fluorimetric approach was designed for baclofen assay. Baclofen is a medication prescribed as a therapy for muscle spasticity that originated from multiple sclerosis or a spinal cord injury, and other cases such as hiccups. The analytical approach relies on the use of ninhydrin to form a fluorescent derivative that was monitored at λex 386 nm or λem 480 nm. Under suitable reaction conditions, the primary amino moiety in baclofen was condensed with ninhydrin and phenylacetaldehyde in the presence of Teorel buffer as a buffered medium. The method exhibited linearity when baclofen concentration was plotted against response in the range 1-10 μg ml-1 . Adjustment of the reaction variables and study of validation parameters according to ICH directives were performed correctly. An interference study was implemented to ensure that no discrepancy from the excipient had occurred. Finally, the proposed method was applied successfully for baclofen assay in dosage form and extended to test Mylobac content uniformity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed A Abu-Hassan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut Branch, Assiut, 71524, Egypt
| | - Ramadan Ali
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut Branch, Assiut, 71524, Egypt
| | - Sayed M Derayea
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia, 61519, Egypt
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29
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Machado RM, Tomás M, Palmeira-de-Oliveira A, Martinez-de-Oliveira J, Palmeira-de-Oliveira R. The vaginal sheet: an innovative form of vaginal film for the treatment of vaginal infections. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2020; 46:135-145. [PMID: 31893929 DOI: 10.1080/03639045.2019.1711386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To develop and characterize a new form of vaginal film.Significance: This formulation is intended to overcome some known limitations of traditional dosage forms. It has an absorptive intention to control symptoms and to improve the treatment of vaginal infections characterized by excessive fluid. The vaginal sheet is a thick drug delivery system easy to manipulate, nontoxic and composed by biocompatible macromolecules and polymers, such as gelatin and chitosan.Methods: The sheets were prepared by formulating gelatin or chitosan based gels isolated or in combination, in association with a plasticizer. Gels were subsequently lyophilized. Different proportions of polymer:plasticizer were tested. Lactose was used as a surrogate to study powder incorporation in the formulation. All formulations were analyzed regarding their organoleptic characteristics, texture (hardness and resilience), in vitro absorption efficiency of vaginal fluid simulant - VFS (pH 4 and 5), pH and acid-buffering capacity.Results: Different properties were obtained by varying polymer and plasticizer proportions. Combinations including gelatin with propylene glycol showed the best organoleptic characteristics. The best proportions were 4:3 and 4:5. Up to 10% of powder was successfully incorporated in the formulation. Hardness and resilience of formulations were largely dependent on the concentration of plasticizer. Absorption of vaginal fluid was found to be highly efficient, especially at pH 5. Buffering capacity, upon dilution in normal saline and VFS, was generally higher for VFS pH 4.Conclusions: The vaginal sheet is a promising solid drug delivery system able to further incorporate drugs to treat vaginal clinical conditions characterized by excessive fluid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Monteiro Machado
- CICS, UBI - Health Sciences Research Center, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal.,Labfit, HPRD - Health Products Research and Development Lda, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Mariana Tomás
- CICS, UBI - Health Sciences Research Center, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Ana Palmeira-de-Oliveira
- CICS, UBI - Health Sciences Research Center, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal.,Labfit, HPRD - Health Products Research and Development Lda, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - José Martinez-de-Oliveira
- CICS, UBI - Health Sciences Research Center, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Rita Palmeira-de-Oliveira
- CICS, UBI - Health Sciences Research Center, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal.,Labfit, HPRD - Health Products Research and Development Lda, Covilhã, Portugal.,Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
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30
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Xu ZY, Guo HL, Li L, Zhang M, Jing X, Xu ZJ, Qiu JC, Lu XP, Ding XS, Chen F, Xu J. Genetic and Non-genetic Factors Contributing to the Significant Variation in the Plasma Trough Concentration-to-Dose Ratio of Valproic Acid in Children With Epilepsy. Front Pediatr 2020; 8:599044. [PMID: 33553069 PMCID: PMC7855978 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2020.599044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: This study was conducted to evaluate the potential genetic and non-genetic factors contributing to plasma trough concentration-to-dose (C 0/D) ratio of valproic acid (VPA) in pediatric patients with epilepsy. Study Design: A single-center, retrospective cohort study was performed by collecting data from 194 children aged 1-14 years between May 2018 and November 2018. The oral solution (n = 135) group and the sustained-release (SR) tablet group (n = 59) were defined, and the plasma VPA C 0 was measured. Twenty-six single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were chosen for genotyping with the MassARRAY system. A multiple logistic regression model was used for data analysis. Results: Body weight (BW) and age were positively correlated with the C 0/D ratio in 194 patients, but the positive correlation disappeared after the patients were divided into oral solution and SR tablet subgroups. The average C 0/D ratio was significantly increased by 2.11-fold (P = 0.000) in children who took VPA SR tablets compared with children who were administered VPA oral solutions. No significant association between genetic variants and the C 0/D ratio was found, even for the five well-studied SNPs, namely UGT2B7 G211T, C802T, C161T, T125C, and CYP2C9 * 3 A1075C. However, a significant association between the C 0/D ratio and UGT1A6/9 Del>A (rs144486213) was observed in the VPA oral solution group, but not in the VPA SR tablet group. Conclusions: The dosage forms of sodium valproate, rather than BW, age, or genetic polymorphisms, significantly affected the VPA C 0/D ratios in pediatric patients with epilepsy. Based on our findings, switching the dosage form between solution and SR tablet should be performed cautiously. Total daily dose adjustment should be considered, and the plasma concentration, seizure-control effect, and adverse drug reaction should also be monitored very closely.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ze-Yue Xu
- Department of Pharmacy, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hong-Li Guo
- Department of Pharmacy, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ling Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Xia Jing
- Department of Pharmacy, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ze-Jun Xu
- Department of Pharmacy, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jin-Chun Qiu
- Department of Pharmacy, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiao-Peng Lu
- Department of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xuan-Sheng Ding
- School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Feng Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jing Xu
- Department of Pharmacy, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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Abstract
Although the oral route is the most convenient route for drug administration, there are a number of circumstances where this is not possible from either a clinical or pharmaceutical perspective. In these cases, the rectal route may represent a practical alternative and can be used to administer drugs for both local and systemic actions. The environment in the rectum is considered relatively constant and stable and has low enzymatic activity in comparison to other sections of the gastrointestinal tract. In addition, drugs can partially bypass the liver following systemic absorption, which reduces the hepatic first-pass effect. Therefore, rectal drug delivery can provide significant local and systemic levels for various drugs, despite the relatively small surface area of the rectal mucosa. Further development and optimization of rectal drug formulations have led to improvements in drug bioavailability, formulation retention, and drug release kinetics. However, despite the pharmaceutical advances in rectal drug delivery, very few of them have translated to the clinical phase. This review will address the physiological and pharmaceutical considerations influencing rectal drug delivery as well as the conventional and novel drug delivery approaches. The translational challenges and development aspects of novel formulations will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Hua
- Therapeutic Targeting Research Group, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia.,Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
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32
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Kumar H, Mishra G, Sharma AK, Gothwal A, Kesharwani P, Gupta U. Intranasal Drug Delivery: A Non-Invasive Approach for the Better Delivery of Neurotherapeutics. Pharm Nanotechnol 2019; 5:203-214. [PMID: 28521670 DOI: 10.2174/2211738505666170515113936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2016] [Revised: 04/11/2017] [Accepted: 04/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The convoluted pathophysiology of brain disorders along with penetration issue of drugs to brain represents major hurdle that requires some novel therapies. The blood-brain barrier (BBB) denotes a rigid barrier for delivery of therapeutics in vivo; to overcome this barrier, intranasal delivery is an excellent strategy to deliver the drug directly to brain via olfactory and trigeminal nerve pathways that originate as olfactory neuro-epithelium in the nasal cavity and terminate in brain. METHOD Kind of therapeutics like low molecular weight drugs can be delivered to the CNS via this route. In this review, we have outlined the anatomy and physiological aspect of nasal mucosa, certain hurdles, various strategies including importance of muco-adhesive polymers to increase the drug delivery and possible clinical prospects that partly contribute in intranasal drug delivery. RESULTS Exhaustive literature survey related to intranasal drug delivery system revealed the new strategy that circumvents the BBB, based on non-invasive concept for treating various CNS disorders. Numerous advantages like prompt effects, self-medication through wide-ranging devices, and the frequent as well protracted dosing are associated with this novel route. CONCLUSION Recently few reports have proven that nasal to brain drug delivery system bypasses the BBB. This novel route is associated with targeting efficiency and less exposure of therapeutic substances to non-target site. Nevertheless, this route desires much more research into the safe transferring of therapeutics to the brain. Role of muco-adhesive polymer and surface modification with specific ligands are area of interest of researcher to explore more about this.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hitesh Kumar
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Chemical Sciences and Pharmacy, Central University of Rajasthan, Bandarsindri, Ajmer, Rajasthan. India
| | - Gaurav Mishra
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Chemical Sciences and Pharmacy, Central University of Rajasthan, Bandarsindri, Ajmer, Rajasthan. India
| | - Ashok K Sharma
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Chemical Sciences and Pharmacy, Central University of Rajasthan, Bandarsindri, Ajmer, Rajasthan. India
| | - Avinash Gothwal
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Chemical Sciences and Pharmacy, Central University of Rajasthan, Bandarsindri, Ajmer, Rajasthan. India
| | - Prashant Kesharwani
- School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, The International Medical University (IMU), Jalan Jalil Perkasa 19, Kuala Lumpur, 57000. Malaysia
| | - Umesh Gupta
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Chemical Sciences and Pharmacy, Central University of Rajasthan, Bandarsindri, Ajmer, Rajasthan. India
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O'Brien F, Clapham D, Krysiak K, Batchelor H, Field P, Caivano G, Pertile M, Nunn A, Tuleu C. Making Medicines Baby Size: The Challenges in Bridging the Formulation Gap in Neonatal Medicine. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E2688. [PMID: 31159216 PMCID: PMC6600135 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20112688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Revised: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of age-appropriate formulations should focus on dosage forms that can deliver variable yet accurate doses that are safe and acceptable to the child, are matched to his/her development and ability, and avoid medication errors. However, in the past decade, the medication needs of neonates have largely been neglected. The aim of this review is to expand on what differentiates the needs of preterm and term neonates from those of the older paediatric subsets, in terms of environment of care, ability to measure and administer the dose (from the perspective of the patient and carer, the routes of administration, the device and the product), neonatal biopharmaceutics and regulatory challenges. This review offers insight into those challenges posed by the formulation of medicinal products for neonatal patients in order to support the development of clinically relevant products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona O'Brien
- School of Pharmacy, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 111 St Stephens Green Dublin 2, Ireland.
| | | | - Kamelia Krysiak
- School of Pharmacy, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 111 St Stephens Green Dublin 2, Ireland.
| | - Hannah Batchelor
- College of Medical and Dental Sciences, Institute of Clinical Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK.
| | - Peter Field
- University College London School of Pharmacy, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, UK.
| | - Grazia Caivano
- Chiesi Farmaceutici S.p.A. Largo Francesco Belloli 11/A-43122 Parma, Italy.
| | - Marisa Pertile
- Chiesi Farmaceutici S.p.A. Largo Francesco Belloli 11/A-43122 Parma, Italy.
| | - Anthony Nunn
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool Women's Hospital, Liverpool L8 7SS, UK.
| | - Catherine Tuleu
- University College London School of Pharmacy, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, UK.
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Luo YZ, Zhao BW, Chen X, Gu Y, Zhang YL. [Lipid regulation mechanism and dosage form selection of Xixian Tongshuan Preparation based on molecular simulation methods]. Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi 2019; 44:1436-1441. [PMID: 31090302 DOI: 10.19540/j.cnki.cjcmm.20190111.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is the main cause of stroke, and dyslipidemia is the most important risk factor for atherosclerosis. In this paper, pharmacophore and molecular docking models of eight key lipid-lowering targets, namely NPC1 L1, HMG-CoA reductase, SQS, MTP, CETP, PPARα, LXRα and LXRβ, were used to screen out the small molecular database of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM), which was made up of ingredients of thirteen Chinese herbal medicines contained in Xixian Tongshuan Preparation. The screening results indicated that the preparation could showed an effect in regulating lipid on target NPC1 L1, HMG-CoA reductase, LXRβ and SQS through four groups of potential active compounds, namely prupersin A in peach kernel and suffruticoside A in gastrodiaelata, limocitrin-β-D-glucoside in Ligusticum chuanxiong, 2'-(2,3-dihydroxybenzoyl)-sweroside in Pinellia ternate and quercitrin in Panax notoginseng, 4-tert-butyl-2-[(5-tert-butyl-2-hydroxy-phenyl)methoxy-methyl]-6-(hydroxymethyl)phenol in Gastrodia elata. Moreover, the properties and extraction process of the most potentialactive compounds were consistent with the preparation process of Xixian Tongshuan Capsules, which indicated that the capsule had more advantages than the pill in the existing two dosage forms of Xixian Tongshuan Preparation. This study analyzed the pharmacodynamic basis and mechanism of Xixian Tongshuan Capsules in regulating lipid for treating stroke, and provided evidence for its further research and clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin-Zhen Luo
- State Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Information Engineering, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Chinese Material Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Beijing 100102, China
| | - Bo-Wen Zhao
- State Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Information Engineering, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Chinese Material Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Beijing 100102, China
| | - Xi Chen
- State Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Information Engineering, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Chinese Material Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Beijing 100102, China
| | - Yu Gu
- State Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Information Engineering, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Chinese Material Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Beijing 100102, China
| | - Yan-Ling Zhang
- State Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Information Engineering, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Chinese Material Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Beijing 100102, China
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Children commonly refuse to take antibiotics, which may induce parents to request new antibiotic prescriptions with different pharmaceutical characteristics. OBJECTIVES To investigate prescription changes for children 0-12 years receiving oral liquid or solid antibiotic formulations and to explore the relationships between prescription changes and characteristics related to the child, prescriber and antibiotic. METHODS A population-based registry study based on data from the Norwegian Prescription Database (NorPD) from 2004 to 2016. Antibiotic prescription changes were defined as the dispensing of subsequent antibiotics with different pharmaceutical characteristics to the same child within 2 days after initial prescriptions. Data were analysed using multivariable logistic regression and generalized estimating equations. RESULTS Requests for new prescriptions followed 3.0% of 2 691 483 initial antibiotic prescriptions for children. Young children who received solid formulations (10.9%) and certain poor-tasting antibiotics (8.6%) had the highest proportions of new prescriptions. Penicillin V was most commonly changed, while macrolides/lincosamides dominated subsequent prescriptions. In order of magnitude, the characteristics associated with requests for new prescriptions were the children's ages, poor taste and concentration of liquids, size and shape of solids, prescribers born in recent decades, and girl patients. Reimbursed prescriptions and scored solids were associated with fewer requests. CONCLUSIONS While only 3% of the antibiotic prescriptions were changed, the preference of broad-spectrum over narrow-spectrum antibiotics for young children in this study mirrors international prescription patterns. Avoiding the costs of children's refusal and consequent changes may thus be a motivation for choosing more preferred antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- E H Bergene
- Department of Public Health and Nursing, NTNU - Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.,Central Norway Hospital Pharmacy Trust, Trondheim, Norway
| | - H Nordeng
- PharmacoEpidemiology and Drug Safety Research Group, School of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Child Health and Development, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - T B Rø
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, NTNU - Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.,Department of Pediatrics, St Olav's Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - A Steinsbekk
- Department of Public Health and Nursing, NTNU - Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
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Elzanfaly ES, Amer EAH, Galal SAB, Zaazaa HE. Spectrofluorimetric determination of eptifibatide in human plasma and dosage form. LUMINESCENCE 2018; 34:64-69. [PMID: 30537239 DOI: 10.1002/bio.3577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2018] [Revised: 10/07/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
A spectrofluorimetric method for the determination of eptifibatide is presented based on its native fluorescence. The type of solvent and the wavelength of maximum excitation and emission were carefully selected to optimize the experimental conditions. Under the specified experimental conditions, the linearities obtained between the emission intensity and the corresponding concentrations of eptifibatide were in the range 0.1-2.5 μg/ml for the calibration curve constructed for direct determination of eptifibatide in dosage form and 0.05-2.2 μg/ml for the calibration curve constructed in spiked human plasma with a good correlation coefficient (r > 0.99). The lower limit of quantification for the calibration curve constructed in human plasma was 0.05 μg/ml. Recovery results for eptifibatide in spiked plasma samples and in dosage form, represented as mean ± % RSD, were 95.17 ± 1.94 and 100.29 ± 1.33 respectively. The suggested procedures were validated according to the International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) guidelines for the direct determination of eptifibatide in its pure form and dosage form and United States Food and Drug Administration (US FDA) Guidance for Industry, Bioanalytical Method Validation for the assay of eptifibatide in human plasma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman Saad Elzanfaly
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El- Aini Street, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Enas Abdel Hakim Amer
- National Organization for Drug Control and Research (NODCAR), 51 Wezerat El- Zeraa Street, Agouza, Giza, Egypt
| | - Sara Abdel Basset Galal
- National Organization for Drug Control and Research (NODCAR), 51 Wezerat El- Zeraa Street, Agouza, Giza, Egypt
| | - Hala Elsayed Zaazaa
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El- Aini Street, Cairo, Egypt
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Li J, Tsinman K, Tsinman O, Wigman L. Using pH Gradient Dissolution with In-Situ Flux Measurement to Evaluate Bioavailability and DDI for Formulated Poorly Soluble Drug Products. AAPS PharmSciTech 2018; 19:2898-2907. [PMID: 30209787 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-018-1164-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 08/26/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This study described a pH-gradient dissolution method combined with flux measurements as an in vitro tool for assessing the risk of bioavailability reduction due to drug-drug interactions (DDI) caused by acid reducing agents (ARAs). The device incorporates absorption chambers into USP II dissolution vessels, with fiber optic UV-probes monitoring concentration in situ. Dosage forms of Genentech BCS class II drugs, GDC-0810, GDC-0941, and compound A, were tested by starting the dissolution in either pH 1.6 or pH 4.0 media then converting to FaSSIF after 30 min. GDC-0810 showed no significant difference in flux between the two conversion experiments. A supersaturation phase was observed for GDC-0941 in the pH 1.6 experiments after media conversion to FaSSIF; however, it did not appear to occur in the pH 4.0 experiment due to low drug solubility at pH 4.0, resulting in a 95% decrease in flux compared to pH 1.6 experiment. The extent of flux reduction and the total accumulated API mass in the absorption chamber agreed well with the 89% reduction in mean Cmax and the 82% reduction in mean AUC from dog PK study between animals treated with pentagastrin and famotidine. Testing of the compound A optimized formulation tablets showed a 25% reduction in flux and in vitro absorbed amount by changing pH 1.6 to 4.0, correlating well with the AUC decrease in clinical studies. Good correlation between in vitro data and in vivo PK data demonstrated the applicability of the method for formulators to develop drug products mitigating DDI from ARAs.
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Gänger S, Schindowski K. Tailoring Formulations for Intranasal Nose-to-Brain Delivery: A Review on Architecture, Physico-Chemical Characteristics and Mucociliary Clearance of the Nasal Olfactory Mucosa. Pharmaceutics 2018; 10:pharmaceutics10030116. [PMID: 30081536 PMCID: PMC6161189 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics10030116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 195] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2018] [Revised: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier and the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier are major obstacles in central nervous system (CNS) drug delivery, since they block most molecules from entering the brain. Alternative drug delivery routes like intraparenchymal or intrathecal are invasive methods with a remaining risk of infections. In contrast, nose-to-brain delivery is a minimally invasive drug administration pathway, which bypasses the blood-brain barrier as the drug is directed from the nasal cavity to the brain. In particular, the skull base located at the roof of the nasal cavity is in close vicinity to the CNS. This area is covered with olfactory mucosa. To design and tailor suitable formulations for nose-to-brain drug delivery, the architecture, structure and physico-chemical characteristics of the mucosa are important criteria. Hence, here we review the state-of-the-art knowledge about the characteristics of the nasal and, in particular, the olfactory mucosa needed for a rational design of intranasal formulations and dosage forms. Also, the information is suitable for the development of systemic or local intranasal drug delivery as well as for intranasal vaccinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stella Gänger
- Institute of Applied Biotechnology, University of Applied Sciences Biberach, Hubertus-Liebrecht-Strasse 35, 88400 Biberach, Germany.
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany.
| | - Katharina Schindowski
- Institute of Applied Biotechnology, University of Applied Sciences Biberach, Hubertus-Liebrecht-Strasse 35, 88400 Biberach, Germany.
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Rose SR, Cumpston KL, Kim J, Difranco D, Wills BK. Absorption of salicylate powders versus tablets following overdose: a poison center observational study. Clin Toxicol (Phila) 2016; 54:857-861. [PMID: 27383649 DOI: 10.1080/15563650.2016.1204549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Salicylate absorption following overdose of aspirin (ASA) tablet formulations can be prolonged for greater than 24 h. Accordingly, serial serum concentrations are typically recommended to guide treatment. However, there are little published data on absorption following ingestion of powder ASA formulations, and it is not known if delayed ASA absorption occurs following overdose of powder formulations. The objective of this study is to compare the absorption characteristics of powder and tablet formulations of ASA in patients reported to a single poison center. METHODS Electronic records from an accredited poison center were searched for single substance acute or acute on chronic ingestions of ASA in powder form between 1 January 2002 and 31 January 2014. An identical search for ingestions of ASA tablet products between 1 January 2012 and 31 December 2013 was undertaken as the comparator group. Other inclusion criteria were age >12 years, documented time of ingestion, treatment in a health care facility within nine hours of ingestion and at least two detectable serum salicylate concentrations. RESULTS 16 of 25 powder and 22 of 49 tablet cases met inclusion criteria for analysis. Repeat serum salicylate concentrations following ingestion of tablets increased or insignificantly changed in 11 of 22 (50%) cases, and median serum salicylate concentrations in followed cases remained elevated for up to 12 h in some cases. In comparison, serum salicylate concentrations following powder ingestions declined in 15 of 16 (94%) cases. One patient, who ingested a powder product, underwent hemodialysis pursuant to an initial serum salicylate concentration of 96 mg/dL. CONCLUSIONS In contrast to persistent concentrations following overdose of tablets, the majority of serum salicylate concentrations declined following ingestion of powder formulations. In this small study population, these findings suggest that prolonged absorption is unlikely following ingestions of ASA powders.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Rutherfoord Rose
- a Division of Clinical Toxicology, Department of Emergency Medicine, Virginia Poison Center , Virginia Commonwealth University , Richmond , VA , USA
| | - Kirk L Cumpston
- a Division of Clinical Toxicology, Department of Emergency Medicine, Virginia Poison Center , Virginia Commonwealth University , Richmond , VA , USA
| | - Janice Kim
- a Division of Clinical Toxicology, Department of Emergency Medicine, Virginia Poison Center , Virginia Commonwealth University , Richmond , VA , USA
| | - Danielle Difranco
- a Division of Clinical Toxicology, Department of Emergency Medicine, Virginia Poison Center , Virginia Commonwealth University , Richmond , VA , USA
| | - Brandon K Wills
- a Division of Clinical Toxicology, Department of Emergency Medicine, Virginia Poison Center , Virginia Commonwealth University , Richmond , VA , USA
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Patil S, Pore YV, Kuchekar BS, Mane A, Khire VG. Determination of Montelukast Sodium and Bambuterol Hydrochloride in Tablets using RP HPLC. Indian J Pharm Sci 2011; 71:58-61. [PMID: 20177459 PMCID: PMC2810051 DOI: 10.4103/0250-474x.51961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2007] [Revised: 07/01/2008] [Accepted: 01/24/2009] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
An accurate, specific and precise assay level gradient reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic method was developed for simultaneous determination of montelukast sodium and bambuterol hydrochloride in tablet dosage form. An inertsil ODS C-18, 5 μm column having 250×4.6 mm I.D. in gradient mode, with mobile phase A, containing 0.025 M sodium phosphate buffer: methanol (85:15) and mobile phase B, containing acetonitrile:methanol (85:15) was used at different time intervals. The flow rate was 1.5 ml/min and effluent was monitored at 218 nm. The retention times of montelukast sodium and bambuterol hydrochloride were 21.2 min and 5.8 min respectively. The linearity for both the drugs was in the range of 0.25-0.75 mg/ml with correlation coefficients of 0.9999 and 0.9996 for montelukast sodium and bambuterol hydrochloride, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Smita Patil
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Government College of Pharmacy, Karad, 415 124, India
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Agarwal SP, Ali A, Dua Y, Ahuja S. Determination of Artemisinin in Bulk and Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms using HPTLC. Indian J Pharm Sci 2010; 71:98-100. [PMID: 20177472 PMCID: PMC2810065 DOI: 10.4103/0250-474x.51948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2008] [Revised: 09/27/2008] [Accepted: 02/20/2009] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
A new, simple, rapid, accurate and precise HPTLC method was developed. The detector response was linear for concentrations between 100-600 ng/spot (r =0.9931). The limits of detection and quantitation were 25 ng/spot and 75 ng/spot, respectively. The recovery study was carried out by standard addition method and was found to be 99.60+/-0.27. Statistical analysis proved that the method was precise, accurate and reproducible, and hence was suitable for the routine analysis of artemisinin.
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Affiliation(s)
- S P Agarwal
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jamia Hamdard University, New Delhi-110 062, India
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To create and implement a compounding laboratory exercise utilizing a variety of techniques and equipment. DESIGN A 3-hour laboratory exercise on preparing compound prescriptions for capsules was developed and taught to first-year doctor of pharmacy (PharmD) students. Students completed appropriate preparations and calculation of ingredients and prepared capsules using a hand-packing technique and a capsule-filling machine. The students then individually weighed the capsules and performed batch testing for uniformity. ASSESSMENT Ninety-six percent of the students who completed the laboratory performed the necessary calculations for machine-prepared capsules correctly and 100% completed the calculations for the hand-filled capsules correctly. With the hand-filled capsules, 100% of the students processed all 4 units within +/-5% of the stated capsule weight and capsules were deemed successful and accurate. CONCLUSION Students acquired a firm grasp of basic compounding techniques and the skills to prepare accurate, safe, and uniform dosage forms for patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krista D Capehart
- School of Pharmacy, University of Charleston, Charleston, WV 25304, USA.
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