1
|
Goel A, Blaskovich S, Shah A, Prasad A, Vutha R, Shukla A. Post-traumatic Central or Axial atlantoaxial dislocation (CAAD) presenting with 'atypical' symptoms- Analysing the role of dynamic imaging on the basis of experience with 14 patients treated by atlantoaxial fixation surgery. World Neurosurg 2024:S1878-8750(24)00820-9. [PMID: 38759781 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2024.05.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024]
Abstract
AIM This is a report of a series of 14 patients who presented with a range of 'atypical' cranial, spinal and systemic symptoms that started after they suffered relatively severe injury to the head and/or neck several months or years prior to the surgical treatment. Implications of diagnosing and treating central or axial atlantoaxial instability (CAAD) is discussed. Role of dynamic rotatory and lateral head tilt imaging in the diagnosis and treatment is analysed. MATERIAL AND METHODS There were 7 males and 7 females and their ages ranged from 21 to 64 years (average 42 years). Due to the severity of presenting neurological and non-neurological symptoms, all patients lost their occupation and were heavily dependent on painkillers and/or antidepressant drugs. In addition to other tell-tale clinical and radiological evidence, diagnosis of CAAD was made based on facetal alignments on lateral profile imaging in neutral head position. Dynamic head flexion-extension, lateral head tilt and neck rotation imaging confirmed and subclassified CAAD. All patients underwent atlantoaxial fixation surgery. RESULT A personalized self-assessment clinical scoring parameter and the WHODAS 2.0 was used to evaluate the outcome. One patient did not follow-up after surgery. At a minimum follow-up of 6 months after atlantoaxial fixation surgery, there was relief from all major symptoms in the rest of 13 patients. CONCLUSIONS Diagnosing and treating CAAD can have 'major' therapeutic implications in patients presenting with progressively worsening disabling clinical symptoms following relatively severe head/neck trauma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Atul Goel
- Professor and Head, Department of Neurosurgery, Lilavati Hospital and Research Center, Bandra, Mumbai; Professor, Department of Neurosurgery, R.N Cooper Hospital and Medical College, Mumbai; Professor, Department of Neurosurgery, Bombay Hospital Institute of Medical Sciences, Mumbai; Professor, Department of Neurosurgery, K.J. Somaiya Medical College, Hospital and Research Center, Mumbai.
| | - Sasha Blaskovich
- Director, Whiplash and Injury Clinic, Langley, BC V3A2C6, Canada
| | - Abhidha Shah
- Associate Professor, Department of Neurosurgery, K.E.M Hospital and Seth G.S. Medical College, Parel, Mumbai; Consultant Neurosurgeon, K.J. Somaiya Medical College, Hospital and Research Center, Mumbai; Consultant Neurosurgeon, Apollo Hospitals, Navi Mumbai
| | - Apurva Prasad
- Clinical Associate, Department of Neurosurgery, Lilavati Hospital and Research Center, Bandra, Mumbai; Consultant Neurosurgeon, Bhatia Hospital, Tardeo, Mumbai
| | - Ravikiran Vutha
- Consultant Neurosurgeon, K.J. Somaiya Medical College, Hospital and Research Center, Mumbai; Consultant Neurosurgeon, Apollo Hospitals, Navi Mumbai
| | - Ashutosh Shukla
- Senior Resident, Department of Neurosurgery, Lilavati Hospital and Research Center, Bandra, Mumbai
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Sutin AR, Gamaldo AA, Terracciano A, Evans MK, Zonderman AB. Personality and cognitive errors in the Healthy Aging in Neighborhoods of Diversity across the Life Span study. J Res Pers 2024; 109:104449. [PMID: 38312326 PMCID: PMC10836197 DOI: 10.1016/j.jrp.2023.104449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
This study examines the association between personality and cognitive errors in the Healthy Aging in Neighborhoods of Diversity across the Life Span study, a sample diverse across race (Black, White) and SES (above, below 125% of the federal poverty line). Participants (N=1,062) completed a comprehensive personality questionnaire and were administered a brief mental status screener of cognitive errors. Higher neuroticism was associated with more cognitive errors, whereas higher openness and conscientiousness were associated with fewer errors. These associations were independent of age, sex, race, poverty status, and education and were generally not moderated by these factors. These findings support the associations between personality and cognition across race and SES.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Alyssa A. Gamaldo
- Human Development and Family Studies, The Pennsylvania State University
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Brandt ND, Drewelies J, Willis SL, Schaie KW, Ram N, Gerstorf D, Wagner J. Beyond Big Five trait domains: Stability and change in personality facets across midlife and old age. J Pers 2023; 91:1171-1188. [PMID: 36325745 DOI: 10.1111/jopy.12791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Accumulated evidence indicates both stable and malleable parts of inter-individual differences in the broad Big Five domains. Less is known, however, about stability and change at the more diversified facet level. With the current study, we fill this gap by investigating personality stability and change across midlife and old age. METHOD We apply local structural equation measurement models and second-order growth curve models to four waves of data obtained with the full NEO Personality Inventory (NEO-PI-R) collected over 11 years from 1667 adults (Mage = 62.69 years, SDage = 15.62, 55% female) who participated in the Seattle Longitudinal Study. RESULTS Measurement invariance analyses indicated that the psychometric properties of the NEO-PI-R facets are comparable across time and age. Results revealed substantial rank-order stabilities across all facets, yet the exact pattern varied strongly between facets of the same trait and across traits. Mean-level change of facets from midlife to old age largely mirrored the mean-level change observed for the broader traits. CONCLUSION We discuss conceptual implications and argue that in the face of overall stability across midlife and old age, changes in the rank-ordering of people reveals a much more complex and diverse pattern of development than analyses at the trait level suggest.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Naemi D Brandt
- Department of Psychology, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Johanna Drewelies
- Department of Psychology, Humboldt University Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Lise Meitner Group for Environmental Neuroscience, Max Planck Institut for Human Development, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sherry L Willis
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - K Warner Schaie
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Nilam Ram
- Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
- Department of Communication, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Denis Gerstorf
- Department of Psychology, Humboldt University Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Pennsylvania State University, State College, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jenny Wagner
- Department of Psychology, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Verma A, Dhanaraman E, Chen WT, Fu YP. Optimization of Intercalated 2D BiOCl Sheets into Bi 2WO 6 Flowers for Photocatalytic NH 3 Production and Antibiotic Pollutant Degradation. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2023; 15:37540-37553. [PMID: 37486794 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c07489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
Photocatalytic N2 fixation is a complex reaction, thereby prompting researchers to design and analyze highly efficient materials. Herein, one-pot hydrothermal Bi2WO6-BiOCl (BW-BiOCl) heterojunctions were synthesized by varying the molar ratio of tungsten: chlorine precursor. Major morphological transformations in BiOCl were observed wherein it turned from thick sheets ∼230 nm in pure BiOCl to ∼30 nm in BW-BiOCl. This was accompanied by extensive growth of {001} facets verified from X-ray diffraction (XRD) and field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) analyses. A p-n heterojunction was formed between Bi2WO6 and BiOCl evidenced via photoluminescence (PL), time-resolved photoluminescence (TRPL), photocurrent response, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) analyses. The formation of heterojunction between Bi2WO6 and BiOCl led to the reduction of the work function in the BW-BiOCl 0.25 hybrid confirmed via ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy (UPS) analysis. BW-BiOCl 0.25 could produce ammonia up to 345.1 μmol·L-1·h-1 owing to the formation of a robust heterojunction with an S-scheme carrier transport mechanism. Recycle tests resulted in no loss in N2 reduction activities with post-catalytic analysis, showcasing the high stability of the synthesized heterojunction. Novel performance was owed to its excellent chemisorption of N2 gas on the heterojunction surface verified by N2-temperature programmed desorption (TPD). BW-BiOCl 0.25 also displayed a superior rate constant of 3.03 × 10-2 min-1 for 90 min CIP degradation time, higher than pristine BiOCl and Bi2WO6. Post-photocatalytic Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy of BW-BiOCl 0.25 revealed the presence of C-H stretching peaks in the range of 2850-2960 cm-1 due to adsorbed CIP and methanol species in CIP degradation and N2 fixation, respectively. This also confirmed the enhanced adsorption of reacting species onto the heterojunction surface.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Atul Verma
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Dong Hwa University, Hualien 97401, Taiwan
| | - Esakkinaveen Dhanaraman
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Dong Hwa University, Hualien 97401, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Ting Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Dong Hwa University, Hualien 97401, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Pei Fu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Dong Hwa University, Hualien 97401, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Cuppello S, Treglown L, Furnham A. Intelligence, Personality and Tolerance of Ambiguity. J Intell 2023; 11:102. [PMID: 37367504 DOI: 10.3390/jintelligence11060102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, 3836 adults completed a personality test (the HPTI) and a multidimensional intelligence test (GIA). Two prominent theories that link personality traits to intelligence (compensation and investment) were tested. There were more sex differences in the personality traits than in the IQ scores. Correlational and regression analyses results provided little evidence for either theory but pointed to the role of tolerance of ambiguity as a consistently significant, positive correlate of IQ at both the facet and domain levels. The role of this neglected trait is discussed. Limitations of various aspects of this study and its implications are considered.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Cuppello
- Department of Psychology, City University of London, London WCIE 7HX, UK
- Thomas International, Marlow SL7 1YG, UK
| | - Luke Treglown
- Department of Psychology, City University of London, London WCIE 7HX, UK
- Thomas International, Marlow SL7 1YG, UK
| | - Adrian Furnham
- Department of Leadership and Organizational Behaviour, Norwegian Business School (BI), Nydalveien, 0484 Oslo, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Sutin AR, Luchetti M, Aschwanden D, Sesker AA, Zhu X, Stephan Y, Terracciano A. Five-Factor Model Personality Domains and Facets Associated with Markers of Cognitive Health. J Individ Differ 2023; 44:97-108. [PMID: 37214235 PMCID: PMC10195061 DOI: 10.1027/1614-0001/a000383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Using a diverse, age-stratified sample (N=3,478; age range 18-90) this study examines the cross-sectional association between five-factor model personality traits - domains and facets - and three measures of cognitive health - processing speed, visuospatial ability, subjective memory - and whether these associations vary by age, race, and ethnicity. Consistent with the literature on personality and cognitive health, higher openness and conscientiousness were associated with better cognitive performance and subjective memory, whereas higher neuroticism was associated with slower processing speed and worse subjective memory but was unrelated to visuospatial ability. Moderation analyses suggested some associations were stronger in midlife compared to younger and older adulthood but were generally similar across race and ethnicity. The facet-level analyses indicated the components of each domain most strongly associated with cognitive function (e.g., the responsibility facet of conscientiousness) and suggested some differences across facets within the same domain (e.g., depression was associated with worse performance, whereas anxiety was unrelated to performance; sociability was the only facet of extraversion associated with worse performance). The present research is consistent with the larger literature on personality and cognition and extends it by documenting similarities and differences across facets and demographic groups.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Xianghe Zhu
- Florida State University College of Medicine
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Fernández-González L, Orue I, González-Cabrera J, Machimbarrena JM, Calvete E. The Protective Role of Dispositional Mindfulness on Cyber Dating Abuse: A 6-Month Longitudinal Study. J Interpers Violence 2023:8862605231162885. [PMID: 36987389 DOI: 10.1177/08862605231162885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Dispositional mindfulness has been related to a decreased propensity to aggressive behaviors toward others, including dating partners. Nevertheless, research in the context of romantic relationships is scarce, based on cross-sectional designs and offline (face to face) aggression. Thus, this 6-month longitudinal study seeks to fill a gap in the literature by examining the predictive role of dispositional mindfulness facets (observing, describing, acting with awareness, non-judging, and non-reacting) in the perpetration of cyber dating abuse (CDA) behaviors in adolescents. The moderator role of the dispositional mindfulness facets in the perpetuation over time of cyber aggression toward the partner was also explored. Participants were 501 high school students (54.1% girls; mean age: 14.17 years, SD = 1.39) from different regions of Spain who completed self-report measures about CDA and dispositional mindfulness at two time points with a 6-month interval between them. Path analysis showed that the acting with awareness mindfulness facet predicted a decrease in the perpetration of CDA 6 months later. Moreover, non-reacting showed a moderator role in the perpetuation over time of CDA. In particular, adolescents with higher scores on non-reacting, evidenced a lower perpetuation of CDA. Mindfulness-based interventions can be a valuable tool in preventing cyber aggression that occurs in adolescent dating relationships.
Collapse
|
8
|
Zhang X, Xie X, Li J, Han D, Ma Y, Fan Y, Han D, Niu L. Type II Heterojunction Formed between {010} or {012} Facets Dominated Bismuth Vanadium Oxide and Carbon Nitride to Enhance the Photocatalytic Degradation of Tetracycline. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022; 19:14770. [PMID: 36429488 PMCID: PMC9690978 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192214770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Both type II and Z schemes can explain the charge transfer behavior of the heterojunction structure well, but the type of heterojunction structure formed between bismuth vanadium oxide and carbon nitride still has not been clarified. Herein, we rationally prepared bismuth vanadium oxide with {010} and {012} facets predominantly and carbon nitride as a decoration to construct a core-shell structure with bismuth vanadium oxide wrapped in carbon nitride to ensure the same photocatalytic reaction interface. Through energy band establishment and radical species investigation, both {010} and {012} facets dominated bismuth vanadium oxide/carbon nitride composites exhibit the type II heterojunction structures rather than the Z-scheme heterojunctions. Furthermore, to investigate the effect of type II heterojunction, the photocatalytic tetracycline degradations were performed, finding that {010} facets dominated bismuth vanadium oxide/carbon nitride composite demonstrated the higher degradation efficiency than that of {012} facets, due to the higher conduction band energy. Additionally, through the free radical trapping experiments and intermediate detection of degradation products, the superoxide radical was proven to be the main active radical to decompose the tetracycline molecules. Therein, the tetracycline molecules were degraded to water and carbon dioxide by dihydroxylation-demethylation-ring opening reactions. This work investigates the effect of crystal planes on heterojunction types through two different exposed crystal planes of bismuth vanadate oxide, which can provide some basic research and theoretical support for the progressive and controlled synthesis of photocatalysts with heterojunction structures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojing Zhang
- Center for Advanced Analytical Science, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Sensing Materials & Devices, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Analytical and Testing Center, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xianglun Xie
- Center for Advanced Analytical Science, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Sensing Materials & Devices, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Analytical and Testing Center, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jianan Li
- Center for Advanced Analytical Science, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Sensing Materials & Devices, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Analytical and Testing Center, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Dongfang Han
- Center for Advanced Analytical Science, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Sensing Materials & Devices, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Analytical and Testing Center, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yingming Ma
- Center for Advanced Analytical Science, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Sensing Materials & Devices, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Analytical and Testing Center, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yingying Fan
- Center for Advanced Analytical Science, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Sensing Materials & Devices, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Analytical and Testing Center, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Dongxue Han
- Center for Advanced Analytical Science, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Sensing Materials & Devices, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Analytical and Testing Center, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Psychoactive Substances Monitoring and Safety, Anti-Drug Technology Center of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510230, China
| | - Li Niu
- Center for Advanced Analytical Science, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Sensing Materials & Devices, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Analytical and Testing Center, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Psychoactive Substances Monitoring and Safety, Anti-Drug Technology Center of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510230, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Sutin AR, Moffat SD, Resnick SM, Ferrucci L, Aschwanden D, Sesker AA, Luchetti M, Terracciano A. Five-Factor Model Personality Traits and 24-hour Urinary Cortisol in the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging. Stress Health 2022; 38:837-843. [PMID: 35099848 PMCID: PMC9339027 DOI: 10.1002/smi.3130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Stress is implicated in models of personality and health as a mechanism that explains why traits like conscientiousness and neuroticism are associated with long-term health outcomes. Evidence for an association between personality and cortisol, a biological marker of stress, however, has been inconsistent. This study examined the association between Five-Factor Model personality traits and 24-h urinary cortisol (operationalised as a ratio of urinary free cortisol to creatinine) measured up to 12 times over intervals as long as 30 years in the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging (Mage = 61.21, SD = 15.46; 49% female). There was a modest association between conscientiousness and lower mean-level cortisol that was attenuated only slightly in the fully-adjusted model. Neuroticism and the other traits were unrelated to cortisol levels, and none of the traits was related to cortisol change over time. The null association for neuroticism suggests that its relation with long-term health may be primarily through pathways other than cortisol. The modest association between conscientiousness and 24-h urinary cortisol replicates a previous finding with a longer-term measure of cortisol measured from hair, which calls for more research on the robustness and replicability of this finding. Cortisol may be one pathway through which conscientiousness is associated with health outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Luigi Ferrucci
- National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Apostolov N, Geldenhuys M. The role of neuroticism and conscientious facets in academic motivation. Brain Behav 2022; 12:e2673. [PMID: 35836402 PMCID: PMC9392528 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.2673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Personality differences have been demonstrated to influence an individual's academic performance in different ways. Notably, conscientiousness is the most consistent significant predictor of academic performance, while neuroticism shows inconsistent results. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to determine the relationship between the facets of conscientiousness and neuroticism on academic motivation. METHOD The study was conducted in Australia and consisted of 285 undergraduate students. The International Personality Item Pool and Motivated Strategies Learning Questionnaire were used to measure personality and motivation, respectively. Structural equation modeling results revealed that conscientiousness had the most significant relationship with academic motivation, while neuroticism was negatively related. The conscientious facets of self-efficacy and achievement striving were positively related to academic motivation. The results also revealed that the anxiety facet of neuroticism was the only significant positive predictor for academic motivation, while depression and vulnerability were negatively related. CONCLUSION This study reveals how personality facets contribute to academic motivation over assessing grades and superordinate factors alone. Trait-level anxiety significantly contributes to academic motivation, helping us shed light on underlying mechanisms such as defensive pessimism, resulting in higher motivation due to fearing the worst.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Madelyn Geldenhuys
- University of Notre Dame Australia, Fremantle, Australia.,University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Ma Y, Yu J, Sun M, Chen B, Zhou X, Ye C, Guan Z, Guo W, Wang G, Lu S, Xia D, Wang Y, He Z, Zheng L, Yun Q, Wang L, Zhou J, Lu P, Yin J, Zhao Y, Luo Z, Zhai L, Liao L, Zhu Z, Ye R, Chen Y, Lu Y, Xi S, Huang B, Lee CS, Fan Z. Confined Growth of Silver-Copper Janus Nanostructures with {100} Facets for Highly Selective Tandem Electrocatalytic Carbon Dioxide Reduction. Adv Mater 2022; 34:e2110607. [PMID: 35275439 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202110607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Electrocatalytic carbon dioxide reduction reaction (CO2 RR) holds significant potential to promote carbon neutrality. However, the selectivity toward multicarbon products in CO2 RR is still too low to meet practical applications. Here the authors report the delicate synthesis of three kinds of Ag-Cu Janus nanostructures with {100} facets (JNS-100) for highly selective tandem electrocatalytic reduction of CO2 to multicarbon products. By controlling the surfactant and reduction kinetics of Cu precursor, the confined growth of Cu with {100} facets on one of the six equal faces of Ag nanocubes is realized. Compared with Cu nanocubes, Ag65 -Cu35 JNS-100 demonstrates much superior selectivity for both ethylene and multicarbon products in CO2 RR at less negative potentials. Density functional theory calculations reveal that the compensating electronic structure and carbon monoxide spillover in Ag65 -Cu35 JNS-100 contribute to the enhanced CO2 RR performance. This study provides an effective strategy to design advanced tandem catalysts toward the extensive application of CO2 RR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yangbo Ma
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
| | - Jinli Yu
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
| | - Mingzi Sun
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
| | - Bo Chen
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
| | - Xichen Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
| | - Chenliang Ye
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Zhiqiang Guan
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
- Center of Super-Diamond and Advanced Films (COSDAF), City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
| | - Weihua Guo
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
| | - Gang Wang
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
| | - Shiyao Lu
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
| | - Dongsheng Xia
- Institute of Materials Research and Shenzhen Geim Graphene Research Centre, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Yunhao Wang
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
| | - Zhen He
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
- Hong Kong Branch of National Precious Metals Material Engineering Research Center (NPMM), City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
| | - Long Zheng
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
| | - Qinbai Yun
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
| | - Liqiang Wang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
| | - Jingwen Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
- Hong Kong Branch of National Precious Metals Material Engineering Research Center (NPMM), City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
| | - Pengyi Lu
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
- Hong Kong Branch of National Precious Metals Material Engineering Research Center (NPMM), City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
| | - Jinwen Yin
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
| | - Yifei Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
- Hong Kong Branch of National Precious Metals Material Engineering Research Center (NPMM), City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
| | - Zhongbin Luo
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
| | - Li Zhai
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
- Hong Kong Branch of National Precious Metals Material Engineering Research Center (NPMM), City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
| | - Lingwen Liao
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics, Anhui Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology, Institute of Solid State Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, P. R. China
| | - Zonglong Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
| | - Ruquan Ye
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
| | - Ye Chen
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
| | - Yang Lu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
| | - Shibo Xi
- Institute of Chemical and Engineering Sciences, A*STAR, Singapore, 627833, Singapore
| | - Bolong Huang
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
| | - Chun-Sing Lee
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
- Center of Super-Diamond and Advanced Films (COSDAF), City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
| | - Zhanxi Fan
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
- Hong Kong Branch of National Precious Metals Material Engineering Research Center (NPMM), City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
- Shenzhen Research Institute, City University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, 518057, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Li X, Zhang T, Chen Z, Yu J, Cao A, Liu D, Cai W, Li Y. Au Polyhedron Array with Tunable Crystal Facets by PVP-Assisted Thermodynamic Control and Its Sharp Shape As Well As High-Energy Exposed Planes Co-Boosted SERS Activity. Small 2022; 18:e2105045. [PMID: 34841652 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202105045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A route is developed for directly growing 2D Au polyhedron arrays with controllable exposed facets of polyhedron by utilizing the substrate-supported 2D Au quasi-spherical nanoparticle arrays as the Au seed arrays, which cannot be realized by traditional lithography. In the reaction system, polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) plays a vital role in guiding the reduced Au atoms and stabilizing the substrate-supported Au seeds. More importantly, by thermodynamic control, PVP as a capping agent can further direct the formation of {111} facets. The key to guarantee the integrity and periodicity of array is a proper reduction of Au ions and low growth rate of crystal. Benefiting from the higher electric field intensity near the sharp vertexes and edges of Au polyhedra and the exposed {110} facets with high energy, the Au polyhedron array with {110} facets encasing polyhedron exhibits good, stable surface enhanced Raman scattering activity toward 4-aminothiophenol among the involved arrays. The proposed fabrication approach tremendously enriches the structural diversity of Au nanoarrays on substrates and greatly overcomes the shortcoming of traditional lithography.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuejiao Li
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics and Anhui Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology, Institute of Solid State Physics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics and Anhui, Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology, Institute of Solid State Physics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, P. R. China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics and Anhui Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology, Institute of Solid State Physics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, P. R. China
| | - Zhiming Chen
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics and Anhui Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology, Institute of Solid State Physics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics and Anhui, Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology, Institute of Solid State Physics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, P. R. China
| | - Jie Yu
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics and Anhui Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology, Institute of Solid State Physics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, P. R. China
| | - An Cao
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics and Anhui Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology, Institute of Solid State Physics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics and Anhui, Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology, Institute of Solid State Physics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, P. R. China
| | - Dilong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics and Anhui Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology, Institute of Solid State Physics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, P. R. China
| | - Weiping Cai
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics and Anhui Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology, Institute of Solid State Physics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, P. R. China
| | - Yue Li
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics and Anhui Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology, Institute of Solid State Physics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Wasantwisut S, Xiao Y, Feng P, Gilliard-AbdulAziz KL. The Influence of High-Energy Faceted TiO2 Supports on Co and Co-Ru Catalysts for Dry Methane Reforming. Chem Asian J 2021; 17:e202101253. [PMID: 34936730 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202101253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 12/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The reforming of methane from biogas has been proposed as a promising method of CO2 utilization. Co-based catalysts are promising candidates for dry methane reforming. However, the main constraints limiting the large-scale use of Co-based catalysts are deactivation through carbon deposition (coking) and sintering due to weak metal-support interaction. We studied the structure-function properties and catalytic behavior of Co/TiO2 and Co-Ru/TiO2 catalysts using two different types of TiO2 supports, commercial TiO2 and faceted non-stoichiometric rutile TiO2 crystals (TiO2*). The Co and Ru metal particles were deposited on TiO2 supports using a wet-impregnation method with the percentage weight loading of Co and Ru of 5% and 0.5%, respectively. The materials were characterized using SEM, STEM-HAADF, XRD, XPS and BET. The catalytic performance was studied using the CH4:CO2 ratio of 3:2 to mimic the methane-rich biogas composition. Our results indicate that the addition of Ru to Co catalysts supported on TiO2* reduces carbon deposition and influences oxygen mobility. Co and Co-Ru catalysts supported on TiO2* has superior activity with the highest conversion of CO2 and CH4 of 34.7% and 23.5%, respectively. Despite the improved performance, the Co-Ru/TiO2* catalyst has limited stability due to the proliferation of nanoparticle growth and TiOx layers on the surface of the nanoparticles indicating the prevalence of the strong-metal support interaction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Somchate Wasantwisut
- University of California Riverside, Chemical and Environmental Engineering, UNITED STATES
| | - Yuchen Xiao
- University of California Riverside, Chemistry, UNITED STATES
| | - Pingyun Feng
- University of California Riverside, Chemistry, UNITED STATES
| | - Kandis Leslie Gilliard-AbdulAziz
- University of California, Riverside, Chemical and Environmental Engineering, A211 Bourns Hall, 900 University Ave, 92508, Riverside, UNITED STATES
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Biondi M, Choi MJ, Wang Z, Wei M, Lee S, Choubisa H, Sagar LK, Sun B, Baek SW, Chen B, Todorović P, Najarian AM, Sedighian Rasouli A, Nam DH, Vafaie M, Li YC, Bertens K, Hoogland S, Voznyy O, García de Arquer FP, Sargent EH. Facet-Oriented Coupling Enables Fast and Sensitive Colloidal Quantum Dot Photodetectors. Adv Mater 2021; 33:e2101056. [PMID: 34245178 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202101056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Charge carrier transport in colloidal quantum dot (CQD) solids is strongly influenced by coupling among CQDs. The shape of as-synthesized CQDs results in random orientational relationships among facets in CQD solids, and this limits the CQD coupling strength and the resultant performance of optoelectronic devices. Here, colloidal-phase reconstruction of CQD surfaces, which improves facet alignment in CQD solids, is reported. This strategy enables control over CQD faceting and allows demonstration of enhanced coupling in CQD solids. The approach utilizes post-synthetic resurfacing and unites surface passivation and colloidal stability with a propensity for dots to couple via (100):(100) facets, enabling increased hole mobility. Experimentally, the CQD solids exhibit a 10× increase in measured hole mobility compared to control CQD solids, and enable photodiodes (PDs) exhibiting 70% external quantum efficiency (vs 45% for control devices) and specific detectivity, D* > 1012 Jones, each at 1550 nm. The photodetectors feature a 7 ns response time for a 0.01 mm2 area-the fastest reported for solution-processed short-wavelength infrared PDs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Margherita Biondi
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 10 King's College Road, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3G4, Canada
| | - Min-Jae Choi
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 10 King's College Road, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3G4, Canada
| | - Zhibo Wang
- Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, Scarborough, Ontario, M1C 1A4, Canada
| | - Mingyang Wei
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 10 King's College Road, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3G4, Canada
| | - Seungjin Lee
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 10 King's College Road, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3G4, Canada
| | - Hitarth Choubisa
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 10 King's College Road, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3G4, Canada
| | - Laxmi Kishore Sagar
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 10 King's College Road, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3G4, Canada
| | - Bin Sun
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 10 King's College Road, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3G4, Canada
| | - Se-Woong Baek
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Bin Chen
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 10 King's College Road, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3G4, Canada
| | - Petar Todorović
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 10 King's College Road, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3G4, Canada
| | - Amin Morteza Najarian
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 10 King's College Road, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3G4, Canada
| | - Armin Sedighian Rasouli
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 10 King's College Road, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3G4, Canada
| | - Dae-Hyun Nam
- Department of Energy Science and Engineering, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu, 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Maral Vafaie
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 10 King's College Road, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3G4, Canada
| | - Yuguang C Li
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 10 King's College Road, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3G4, Canada
| | - Koen Bertens
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 10 King's College Road, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3G4, Canada
| | - Sjoerd Hoogland
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 10 King's College Road, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3G4, Canada
| | - Oleksandr Voznyy
- Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, Scarborough, Ontario, M1C 1A4, Canada
| | - F Pelayo García de Arquer
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 10 King's College Road, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3G4, Canada
| | - Edward H Sargent
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 10 King's College Road, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3G4, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Stewart RD, Mõttus R, Seeboth A, Soto CJ, Johnson W. The finer details? The predictability of life outcomes from Big Five domains, facets, and nuances. J Pers 2021; 90:167-182. [PMID: 34236710 DOI: 10.1111/jopy.12660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Associations between personality traits and life outcomes are usually studied using the Big Five domains and, occasionally, their facets. But recent research suggests these associations may be driven by the items (reflecting personality nuances) chosen to measure these traits. Using a large dataset (N = 6126), we examined associations with 53 self-reported outcomes using domains, facets and items (markers for nuances), training and validating models in different sample partitions. Facets better predicted outcomes than domains (on average, 18.0% versus 16.6% of variance explained), but items provided the most accurate predictions (on average 20.9%). Removing domain and facet variance from items had no effect on their predictive validity, suggesting that outcome-related information was often in items' unique variances (i.e., nuance-specific). Item-based prediction also showed the highest discriminant validity. These observations, replicating previous findings, suggest that personality traits' valid associations with outcomes are often driven by narrow personality nuances.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - René Mõttus
- Department of Psychology, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.,Institute of Psychology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Anne Seeboth
- Department of Psychology, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | | | - Wendy Johnson
- Department of Psychology, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Sutin AR, Aschwanden D, Stephan Y, Terracciano A. The association between facets of conscientiousness and performance-based and informant-rated cognition, affect, and activities in older adults. J Pers 2021; 90:121-132. [PMID: 34169528 DOI: 10.1111/jopy.12657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify facets of conscientiousness associated with objective cognitive performance, informant-rated cognitive decline, and informant-rated affect and activities implicated in cognitive health. METHOD Health and Retirement Study participants (N = 2,516) reported on their personality, completed a comprehensive cognitive assessment, and had knowledgeable informants report on their cognition, affect, and activities. RESULTS Industriousness and responsibility were associated with better cognitive performance; order was associated with less informant-rated cognitive decline. The facets were also associated with more positive affect, less negative affect, greater engagement in cognitive activities and activities outside the house, and less engagement in passive activities, as rated by a knowledgeable informant. Informant-rated engagement in cognitive activities mediated the association between self-reported responsibility and objective cognitive performance. CONCLUSIONS Tendencies toward achievement and accountability were associated with healthier cognitive performance and daily profiles that support cognitive health, whereas organization was associated with cognition as reported by a knowledgeable informant. The differential pattern of correlates is informative for the theoretical processes that link distinct facets of conscientiousness to healthier cognitive aging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Angelina R Sutin
- Florida State University College of Medicine, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Lenneis A, Vainik U, Teder-Laving M, Ausmees L, Lemola S, Allik J, Realo A. Personality traits relate to chronotype at both the phenotypic and genetic level. J Pers 2021; 89:1206-1222. [PMID: 33998684 DOI: 10.1111/jopy.12645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Diurnal preferences have been linked to personality but often with mixed results. The present study examines the relationships between sleep timing (chronotype), diurnal preferences, and the Five-Factor Model of personality traits at the phenotypic and genetic level. METHODS Self- and informant-reports of the NEO Personality Inventory-3, self-reports of the Munich Chronotype Questionnaire, and DNA samples were available for 2,515 Estonian adults (Mage = 45.76 years; 59% females). Genetic correlations were obtained through summary statistics of genome-wide association studies. RESULTS Results showed that higher Conscientiousness and lower Openness to Experience were significant predictors of earlier chronotype. At the level of facets, we found that more straightforward (A2) and excitement-seeking (E5), yet less self-disciplined (C5) people were more likely to have later chronotypes. The nuance-level Polypersonality score was correlated with chronotype at r = .28 (p < .001). Conscientiousness and Openness were genetically related with diurnal preferences. The polygenic score for morningness-eveningness significantly predicted the Polypersonality score. CONCLUSION Phenotypic measures of chronotype and personality showed significant associations at all three of levels of the personality hierarchy. Our findings indicate that the relationship between personality and morningness-eveningness is partly due to genetic factors. Future studies are necessary to further refine the relationship.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anita Lenneis
- Department of Psychology, University of Warwick, Warwick, UK
| | - Uku Vainik
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Institute of Psychology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | | | - Liisi Ausmees
- Institute of Psychology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Sakari Lemola
- Department of Psychology, University of Warwick, Warwick, UK.,Department of Psychology, University of Bielefeld, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Jüri Allik
- Institute of Psychology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.,The Estonian Academy of Sciences, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Anu Realo
- Department of Psychology, University of Warwick, Warwick, UK.,Institute of Psychology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Zhang B, Li YM, Li J, Luo J, Ye Y, Yin L, Chen Z, Soto CJ, John OP. The Big Five Inventory-2 in China: A Comprehensive Psychometric Evaluation in Four Diverse Samples. Assessment 2021; 29:1262-1284. [PMID: 33884926 DOI: 10.1177/10731911211008245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The Big Five Inventory-2 (BFI-2) has received wide recognition since its publication because it strikes a good balance between content coverage and brevity. The current study translated the BFI-2 into Chinese, evaluated its psychometric properties in four diverse Chinese samples (college students, adult employees, adults treated for substance use, and adolescents), and compared its factor structure with those obtained from two U.S. samples. Across two studies, the Chinese BFI-2 demonstrated good reliability (Cronbach's α and test-retest reliability), structural validity, convergent/discriminant validity, and criterion-related validity at the domain level. At lower levels of analyses, some facets and negatively worded items functioned better among participants with higher than those with lower education levels. Implications, limitations, and future directions are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bo Zhang
- Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Yi Ming Li
- Beijing Institute of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Jian Li
- Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Luo
- Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | | | - Lu Yin
- Beijing Tiantanghe Compulsory Isolation Detoxification Center, Beijing, China
| | - Zhuosheng Chen
- China University of Political Science and Law, Beijing, China
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Zhong D, Zhao ZJ, Zhao Q, Cheng D, Liu B, Zhang G, Deng W, Dong H, Zhang L, Li J, Li J, Gong J. Coupling of Cu(100) and (110) Facets Promotes Carbon Dioxide Conversion to Hydrocarbons and Alcohols. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:4879-4885. [PMID: 33231928 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202015159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Copper can efficiently electro-catalyze carbon dioxide reduction to C2+ products (C2 H4 , C2 H5 OH, n-propanol). However, the correlation between the activity and active sites remains ambiguous, impeding further improvements in their performance. The facet effect of copper crystals to promote CO adsorption and C-C coupling and consequently yield a superior selectivity for C2+ products is described. We achieve a high Faradaic efficiency (FE) of 87 % and a large partial current density of 217 mA cm-2 toward C2+ products on Cu(OH)2 -D at only -0.54 V versus the reversible hydrogen electrode in a flow-cell electrolyzer. With further coupled to a Si solar cell, record-high solar conversion efficiencies of 4.47 % and 6.4 % are achieved for C2 H4 and C2+ products, respectively. This study provides an in-depth understanding of the selective formation of C2+ products on Cu and paves the way for the practical application of electrocatalytic or solar-driven CO2 reduction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dazhong Zhong
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Weijin Road 92, Tianjin, 300072, China.,College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Gas Energy Efficient and Clean Utilization, Yingze West Street 79, Taiyuan, 030024, Shanxi, China
| | - Zhi-Jian Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Weijin Road 92, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Qiang Zhao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Gas Energy Efficient and Clean Utilization, Yingze West Street 79, Taiyuan, 030024, Shanxi, China
| | - Dongfang Cheng
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Weijin Road 92, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Bin Liu
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Weijin Road 92, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Gong Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Weijin Road 92, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Wanyu Deng
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Weijin Road 92, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Hao Dong
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Weijin Road 92, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Weijin Road 92, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Jingkun Li
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Weijin Road 92, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Jinping Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Gas Energy Efficient and Clean Utilization, Yingze West Street 79, Taiyuan, 030024, Shanxi, China
| | - Jinlong Gong
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Weijin Road 92, Tianjin, 300072, China.,Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University, International Campus of Tianjin University, Binhai New City, Fuzhou, 350207, China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Soutter ARB, Mõttus R. Big Five facets' associations with pro-environmental attitudes and behaviors. J Pers 2020; 89:203-215. [PMID: 32654145 DOI: 10.1111/jopy.12576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Climate change mandates us to understand why individuals do (not) behave pro-environmentally and personality traits are well suited for this purpose. Past research has mostly focused on how broad domain-level personality traits were associated with pro-environmental attitudes and behaviors. In two datasets (N = 501 and 287), we examined whether personality facets provided a more detailed picture of how personality traits were associated with pro-environmental attitudes and behaviors. It was found that some facets were the main drivers of domain-level associations. Furthermore, it was found that facets, collectively, predicted pro-environmental attitudes (r = .50 to .52) and behaviors (r = .29 to .42) in holdout datasets. This predictive ability was on par with the predictive ability of domains. Therefore, facets provided a greater understanding of how personality traits were associated with pro-environmental attitudes and behaviors. Furthermore, facets provided a similar predictive ability of pro-environmental attitudes and behaviors to that of domains.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - René Mõttus
- Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.,Institute of Psychology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Abstract
Three‐dimensional (3D) printing has revolutionized medical training and patient care. Clinically it is used for patient‐specific anatomical modeling with respect to surgical procedures. 3D printing is heavily implemented for simulation to provide a useful tool for anatomical knowledge and surgical techniques. Fused deposition modeling (FDM) is a commonly utilized method of 3D printing anatomical models due to its cost-effectiveness. A potential disadvantage of FDM 3D printing complex anatomical shapes is the limitations of the modeling system in providing accurate representations of multifaceted ultrastructure, such as the facets of the lumbar spine. In order to utilize FDM 3D printing methods in an efficient manner, the pre-printing G-code assembly must be oriented according to the anatomical nature of the print. This article describes the approach that our institution's 3D printing laboratory has used to manipulate models’ printing angles in regard to the print bed and nozzle, according to anatomical properties, thus creating quality and cost-effective anatomical spine models for education and procedural simulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aaron Damon
- Neurological Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Chen C, Liu W, Ni P, Jiang Y, Zhang C, Wang B, Li J, Cao B, Lu Y, Chen W. Engineering Two-Dimensional Pd Nanoplates with Exposed Highly Active {100} Facets Toward Colorimetric Acid Phosphatase Detection. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2019; 11:47564-47570. [PMID: 31762263 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b16279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Enzyme-like activity and efficiency of nanomaterials are strongly controlled by their size, composition, and structure, and hence the structural parameters need to be optimized. Here, we report that two-dimensional Pd nanoplates enclosed by {100}-facets [{100}PdSP@rGO] exhibit substantially enhanced intrinsic oxidase-like activities relative to the {111}-facets ones and Pd nanocubes in catalyzing the chromogenic reaction of 3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine. By taking ascorbic acid 2-phosphate as the substrate, which transforms to ascorbic acid in the presence of acid phosphatase (ACP), the {100}PdSP@rGO could be used as an efficient nanozyme for colorimetric ACP detection without resorting to destructive H2O2. A good linear relationship from 0.01 to 6.0 mU/mL with a detection limit of 8.3 μU/mL is obtained, which is better than most previously reported ACP assays. Importantly, the excellent assay performance could be successfully applied to ACP determination in serum samples with high accuracy. This study demonstrates that the enzyme-like activity of nanomaterials could be finely tuned simultaneously by controlling their exposed crystal facets and high specific surface area.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chuanxia Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering , University of Jinan , Jinan 250022 , China
| | - Wendong Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering , University of Jinan , Jinan 250022 , China
| | - Pengjuan Ni
- School of Materials Science and Engineering , University of Jinan , Jinan 250022 , China
| | - Yuanyuan Jiang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering , University of Jinan , Jinan 250022 , China
| | - Chenghui Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering , University of Jinan , Jinan 250022 , China
| | - Bo Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering , University of Jinan , Jinan 250022 , China
| | - Jinkai Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering , University of Jinan , Jinan 250022 , China
| | - Bingqiang Cao
- Department of Physics and Institute of Laser , Qufu Normal University , Qufu 273165 , China
| | - Yizhong Lu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering , University of Jinan , Jinan 250022 , China
| | - Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry , Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Changchun 130022 , China
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Wu Y, Huang D, Fu Y, Zhang L, Liu S, Tang G, Ren Y, Ye L, Chen X, Yue B, He H. The Effects of Exposed Specific Facets and Sulfation on the Surface Acidity of Cu 2 O Solids. Chemistry 2019; 25:14771-14774. [PMID: 31529655 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201903231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Revised: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Cuprous oxide microcrystals with {111}, {111}/{100}, and {100} exposed facets were synthesized. 31 P MAS NMR using trimethylphosphine as the probe molecule was employed to study the acidic properties of samples. It was found that the total acidic density of samples increases evidently after sulfation compared with the pristine cuprous oxide microcrystals. During sulfation, new {100} facets are formed at the expense of {111} facets and lead to the generation of two Lewis acid sites due to the different binding states of SO4 2- on {111} and {100} facets. Moreover, DFT calculation was used to illustrate the binding models of SO4 2- on {111} and {100} facets. Also, a Pechmann condensation reaction was applied to study the acidic catalytic activity of these samples. It was found that the sulfated {111} facet has better activity due to its higher Lewis acid density compared with the sulfated {100} facet.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Wu
- Department of Chemistry and, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
| | - Daofeng Huang
- Department of Chemistry and, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
| | - Yingyi Fu
- Department of Chemistry and, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
| | - Shixi Liu
- School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650091, P. R. China
| | - Gangfeng Tang
- Department of Chemistry and, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
| | - Yuanhang Ren
- Department of Chemistry and, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
| | - Lin Ye
- Department of Chemistry and, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
| | - Xueying Chen
- Department of Chemistry and, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
| | - Bin Yue
- Department of Chemistry and, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
| | - Heyong He
- Department of Chemistry and, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Abstract
The high prevalence of depression among chronic pain populations is well-established: however, treatments for both depression and chronic pain remain only moderately effective. Previous research has indicated that mindfulness is a promising treatment pathway for both depression and chronic pain, however, the mechanisms of change underlying mindfulness are unclear. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of the mindfulness facets on depression and pain, using two pain measures; severity and interference. One hundred and fifty-eight Australian females and 32 males with chronic pain participated in the study. Higher levels of mindfulness were associated with lower depression as well as lower pain. Path models using depression as a mediator, found that the mindfulness facets observing and describing had a direct effect on pain, while non-judgement, non-reactivity and describing showed indirect effects on pain through depression. Greater effects were seen for pain interference compared to pain severity, highlighting its importance as a potential treatment outcome. Future research should continue to analyse the effects of the mindfulness facets and consider using pain interference as a core treatment outcome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saari H Nigol
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia
| | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Wu H, Yang T, Du Y, Shen L, Ho GW. Identification of Facet-Governing Reactivity in Hematite for Oxygen Evolution. Adv Mater 2018; 30:e1804341. [PMID: 30387194 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201804341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Revised: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Unveiling the impact of a single parameter on the catalytic descriptor is fundamental to guide rational design principles for high-activity catalysts. Facets with distinct surface coordination that exhibit a central role in the kinetics modulation (reactivity) of surface electrochemistry, have remained elusive in oxygen evolution reactions (OERs). Here, the relationship between the predominant facets and catalytic reactivity is revealed, and it is recognized that facets decisively govern the oxygen evolution activity descriptor in hematite nanocrystals. Specifically, the hematite shows facet-dependent activity that follows the computed binding energy of surface-oxygenated intermediates. Moreover, a lower kinetics energy barrier is observed on a highly coordinated surface, both experimentally and computationally, in the light of molecular orbital principles. Consequently, a record-low overpotential and Tafel slope in iron oxides toward OER are manifested, competing against the benchmark binary transition metal oxide electrocatalysts and expelling the stereotype of the passive oxygen evolution activity of iron oxides. Significantly, the identification of facet-governing reactivity, construction of favorable facets, and strategic regulation of surface covalency enlighten design strategies for highly active catalysts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, 117583, Singapore
- Engineering Science Programme, National University of Singapore, 117575, Singapore
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), 117602, Singapore
| | - Tong Yang
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, 117551, Singapore
| | - Yonghua Du
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Engineering Science Programme, Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, 117575, Singapore
| | - Lei Shen
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, 117551, Singapore
| | - Ghim Wei Ho
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, 117583, Singapore
- Engineering Science Programme, National University of Singapore, 117575, Singapore
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), 117602, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Abstract
Neuroscientific studies have mostly employed the 20-item Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20; Bagby et al., 1994a) for the assessment of alexithymia, a self-report scale that assesses the alexithymia facets difficulty identifying feelings, difficulty describing feelings, and externally oriented thinking. These facets can be considered to capture difficulties in the cognitive processing of emotions associated with alexithymia. However, Nemiah and Sifneos' original conceptualization of alexithymia included also an affective component, a lack of imaginative capacities, which cannot be assessed using the TAS-20. Aiming to capture the entire alexithymia construct, the Bermond-Vorst Alexithymia Questionnaire (BVAQ; Vorst and Bermond, 2001) was developed, a self-report scale which assesses two affective facets (difficulty fantasizing and difficulty emotionalizing) in addition to three cognitive facets. Based on these facets, an affective and a cognitive dimension of alexithymia can be distinguished. By now, several neuroscientific studies have investigated the neural signatures of the different facets and dimensions of alexithymia. Here, I provide an overview of the history of the alexithymia facets and dimensions and review findings provided by functional and structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies that differentiated between the alexithymia facets and/or its affective and cognitive dimensions. I then provide a synopsis of the current neuroscientific evidence for dissociable substrates of alexithymia facets and dimensions. Finally, the scientific value and clinical implications of these findings are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katharina S Goerlich
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Behavioural and Cognitive Neurosciences, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Xiao Y, Wang PF, Yin YX, Zhu YF, Niu YB, Zhang XD, Zhang J, Yu X, Guo XD, Zhong BH, Guo YG. Exposing {010} Active Facets by Multiple-Layer Oriented Stacking Nanosheets for High-Performance Capacitive Sodium-Ion Oxide Cathode. Adv Mater 2018; 30:e1803765. [PMID: 30144167 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201803765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Revised: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
As one of the most promising cathodes for rechargeable sodium-ion batteries (SIBs), O3-type layered transition metal oxides commonly suffer from inevitably complicated phase transitions and sluggish kinetics. Here, a Na[Li0.05 Ni0.3 Mn0.5 Cu0.1 Mg0.05 ]O2 cathode material with the exposed {010} active facets by multiple-layer oriented stacking nanosheets is presented. Owing to reasonable geometrical structure design and chemical substitution, the electrode delivers outstanding rate performance (71.8 mAh g-1 and 16.9 kW kg-1 at 50C), remarkable cycling stability (91.9% capacity retention after 600 cycles at 5C), and excellent compatibility with hard carbon anode. Based on the combined analyses of cyclic voltammograms, ex situ X-ray absorption spectroscopy, and operando X-ray diffraction, the reaction mechanisms behind the superior electrochemical performance are clearly articulated. Surprisingly, Ni2+ /Ni3+ and Cu2+ /Cu3+ redox couples are simultaneously involved in the charge compensation with a highly reversible O3-P3 phase transition during charge/discharge process and the Na+ storage is governed by a capacitive mechanism via quantitative kinetics analysis. This optimal bifunctional regulation strategy may offer new insights into the rational design of high-performance cathode materials for SIBs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yao Xiao
- College of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, P. R. China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Peng-Fei Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Ya-Xia Yin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Yan-Fang Zhu
- College of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, P. R. China
- Institute for Superconducting and Electronic Materials, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia
| | - Yu-Bin Niu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Xu-Dong Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Jienan Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Xiqian Yu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Xiao-Dong Guo
- College of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, P. R. China
- Institute for Superconducting and Electronic Materials, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia
| | - Ben-He Zhong
- College of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, P. R. China
| | - Yu-Guo Guo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Rammstedt B, Lechner CM, Danner D. Relationships between Personality and Cognitive Ability: A Facet-Level Analysis. J Intell 2018; 6:E28. [PMID: 31162455 PMCID: PMC6480763 DOI: 10.3390/jintelligence6020028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Revised: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A growing body of research supports the notion that cognitive abilities and personality are systematically related. However, this research has focused largely on global personality dimensions and single-often equally global-markers of cognitive ability. The present study offers a more fine-grained perspective. Specifically, it is one of the first studies to comprehensively investigate the associations between both fluid and crystallized intelligence with Big Five personality domains as well as their facets. Based on a heterogeneous sample of the adult population in Germany (N = 365), our study yielded three key findings. First, personality was more strongly related to crystallized intelligence than to fluid intelligence. This applied both to the total variance explained and to the effect sizes of most of the Big Five domains and facets. Second, facets explained a larger share of variance in both crystallized and fluid intelligence than did domains. Third, the associations of different facets of the same domain with cognitive ability differed, often quite markedly. These differential associations may substantially reduce-or even suppress-the domain-level associations. Our findings clearly attest to the added value of a facet-level perspective on the personality-cognitive ability interface. We discuss how such a fine-grained perspective can further theoretical understanding and enhance prediction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Beatrice Rammstedt
- GESIS-Leibniz Institute for the Social Sciences, P.O. Box 12 21 55, D-68072 Mannheim, Germany.
| | - Clemens M Lechner
- GESIS-Leibniz Institute for the Social Sciences, P.O. Box 12 21 55, D-68072 Mannheim, Germany.
| | - Daniel Danner
- University of Applied Labor Studies, Seckenheimer Landstr. 16, D-68163 Mannheim, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the association between six facets of conscientiousness (self-control, order, industriousness, traditionalism, virtue, responsibility) and objective markers of health status, including adiposity, blood markers and physical performance. DESIGN Cross-sectional analysis of participants from the health and retirement study (N = 12,188). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Adiposity (body mass index, waist circumference), blood markers (A1c, HDL cholesterol, total cholesterol, cystatin c, c-reactive protein) and physical performance (lung function, grip strength, walking speed). RESULTS Four of the six facets of conscientiousness were associated with nearly all of the health markers: Self-control, organisation, industriousness and responsibility were related to lower adiposity, healthier metabolic, cardiovascular and inflammatory markers, and better performance on physical assessments. Traditionalism and virtue had fewer associations with these objective markers. CONCLUSION This research took a facet-level approach to the association between conscientiousness and objective markers of health status. This research builds on models of conscientiousness and health to suggest that, in addition to health-risk behaviours, facets of conscientiousness are associated with more favourable biomedical markers of health status.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Angelina R Sutin
- a Florida State University College of Medicine , Tallahassee , FL , USA
| | - Yannick Stephan
- b University of Montpellier, UFRSTAPS , Montpellier , France
| | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multiple studies have found Conscientiousness to be protective against dementia. The purpose of this study is to identify which specific aspects, or facets, of Conscientiousness are most protective against cognitive impairment and whether these associations are moderated by demographic factors and/or genetic risk. METHODS Health and Retirement Study participants were selected for analysis if they completed the facets of Conscientiousness measure, scored in the range of normal cognitive functioning at the baseline personality assessment, and had at least one follow-up assessment of cognition over the up to 6-year follow-up (N = 11 181). Cox regression was used to test for risk of incident dementia and risk of incident cognitive impairment not dementia (CIND). RESULTS Over the follow-up, 278 participants developed dementia and 2186 participants developed CIND. The facet of responsibility had the strongest and most consistent association with dementia risk: every standard deviation increase in this facet was associated with a nearly 35% decreased risk of dementia; self-control and industriousness were also protective. Associations were generally similar when controlling for clinical, behavioral, and genetic risk factors. These three facets were also independent predictors of decreased risk of CIND. CONCLUSIONS The present research indicates that individuals who see themselves as responsible, able to control their behavior, and hard workers are less likely to develop CIND or dementia and that these associations persist after accounting for some common clinical, behavioral, and genetic risk factors.
Collapse
|
31
|
Feng Y, Chang Y, Sun X, Liu N, Cheng Y, Feng Y, Zhang H, Li X. Understanding the Property-Activity Relationships of Polyhedral Cuprous Oxide Nanocrystals in Terms of Reactive Crystallographic Facets. Toxicol Sci 2018; 156:480-491. [PMID: 28087839 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfx011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The property-activity relationship is usually established to understand the toxicity mechanism of nanomaterials. In the present study, different morphological Cu2O nanocrystals, octahedrons, truncated octahedrons, cuboctahedrons, and cubes, were synthesized to precisely tuning the {100} and {111} facet percentages in purpose of systematically investigating the toxicity role of crystallographic facets in BEAS-2B and RAW 264.7 cells. It was found that the toxicity of polyhedral Cu2O nanocrystals was highly dependent on the exposed {100} surface after short-term exposure because {100} facets could produce more reactive oxygen species (ROS) than {111} facets; however, after long-term exposure, their toxicity showed again the correlation with total surface property because toxic copper ions were largely released from the whole nanocrystal surface irrespective of {100} or {111} facet and this copper dissolution caused the collapse of surface crystals and the vanishing of ROS. This study reveals the potential hazard of crystallographic facets based on ROS and metal dissolution mechanism at the different exposure time.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanlin Feng
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Changchun 130022, PR China.,University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, PR China
| | - Yun Chang
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Changchun 130022, PR China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Xiujuan Sun
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Changchun 130022, PR China
| | - Ning Liu
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Changchun 130022, PR China
| | - Yan Cheng
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Changchun 130022, PR China
| | - Yuqing Feng
- School of Chemistry and Life Science, Changchun University of Technology, Changchun 130012, PR China
| | - Haiyuan Zhang
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Changchun 130022, PR China.,University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, PR China
| | - Xi Li
- School of Chemistry and Life Science, Changchun University of Technology, Changchun 130012, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Everaerts J, Verlinden B, Wevers M. Investigation of fatigue crack initiation facets in Ti-6Al-4V using focused ion beam milling and electron backscatter diffraction. J Microsc 2017; 267:57-69. [PMID: 28294326 DOI: 10.1111/jmi.12547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2016] [Revised: 02/03/2017] [Accepted: 02/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In the very high cycle fatigue regime, internal crack initiation can occur in Ti-6Al-4V because of the formation of facets, which are α grains that have fractured in a transcrystalline and planar manner. Because this crack initiation phase occupies most of the fatigue life, it is essential to understand which mechanisms lead to facet formation. Fatigue tests have been performed on drawn and heat-treated Ti-6Al-4V wires, and the facets at internal crack initiation sites have been analysed in detail in terms of their appearance, their spatial orientation and their crystallographic orientation. The facets were not smooth, but showed surface markings at the nanoscale. In nearly all cases, these markings followed a linear pattern. One anomalous facet, in a sample with the largest grain size, contained a fan-shaped pattern. The facets were at relatively steep angles, mostly between 50° and 70°. Cross-sections of the fracture surfaces have been made by focused ion beam milling and were used to measure the crystallographic orientation of facets by electron backscatter diffraction. Most facet planes coincided with a prismatic lattice plane, and the linear markings were parallel to the prismatic slip direction, which is a strong indication that prismatic slip and slip band formation led to crack initiation. However, the anomalous facet had a near-basal orientation, which points to a possible cleavage mechanism. The cross-sections also exposed secondary cracks, which had formed on prismatic lattice planes, and in some cases early stage facet formation and short crack growth phenomena. The latter observations show that facets can extend through more than one grain, and that there is crack coalescence between facets. The fact that drawn wires have a specific crystallographic texture has led to a different facet formation behaviour compared to what has been suggested in the literature.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Everaerts
- Department of Materials Engineering, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - B Verlinden
- Department of Materials Engineering, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - M Wevers
- Department of Materials Engineering, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Although Conscientiousness/disinhibition plays a substantial role in internalizing and externalizing psychopathology, the underlying mechanisms are not well understood. We aim to clarify facet-level associations and to examine whether (a) impairment mediates the link of Conscientiousness with internalizing and externalizing symptoms, and (b) demoralization (assessed via Neuroticism) accounts for their associations. METHOD A total of 450 participants (Mage = 42; primarily female and Caucasian) who reported current/recent psychiatric treatment completed two measures of domain- and facet-level traits (i.e., NEO-PI-3, PID-5), as well as interview measures of impairment and disorders. Correlation, regression, and mediation analyses were conducted. RESULTS Internalizing disorders (and particularly, the distress disorders) were uniquely associated with facets related to low self-efficacy, whereas externalizing disorders were uniquely associated with risk-taking and disregarding rules. For the internalizing disorders only, these associations were reduced after accounting for Neuroticism, though associations with distress disorders remained significant. Impairment mediated the link between Conscientiousness and symptoms for internalizing disorders, but not consistently for externalizing disorders. CONCLUSIONS The internalizing and externalizing disorders are associated with Conscientiousness due to different facet-level content. Demoralization and impairment both contribute to the link between internalizing disorders and Conscientiousness, whereas neither process accounts substantially for the relation of externalizing disorders with Conscientiousness.
Collapse
|
34
|
Bai S, Wang L, Li Z, Xiong Y. Facet-Engineered Surface and Interface Design of Photocatalytic Materials. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2017; 4:1600216. [PMID: 28105398 PMCID: PMC5238752 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201600216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2016] [Revised: 06/28/2016] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The facet-engineered surface and interface design for photocatalytic materials has been proven as a versatile approach to enhance their photocatalytic performance. This review article encompasses some recent advances in the facet engineering that has been performed to control the surface of mono-component semiconductor systems and to design the surface and interface structures of multi-component heterostructures toward photocatalytic applications. The review begins with some key points which should receive attention in the facet engineering on photocatalytic materials. We then discuss the synthetic approaches to achieve the facet control associated with the surface and interface design. In the following section, the facet-engineered surface design on mono-component photocatalytic materials is introduced, which forms a basis for the discussion on more complex systems. Subsequently, we elucidate the facet-engineered surface and interface design of multi-component photocatalytic materials. Finally, the existing challenges and future prospects are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Song Bai
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the MicroscaleiChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials)Hefei Science Center (CAS) and School of Chemistry and Materials ScienceUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefeiAnhui230026China
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis MaterialsCollege of Chemistry and Life SciencesInstitute of Physical and ChemistryZhejiang Normal UniversityJinhuaZhejiang321004China
| | - Lili Wang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the MicroscaleiChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials)Hefei Science Center (CAS) and School of Chemistry and Materials ScienceUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefeiAnhui230026China
| | - Zhengquan Li
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis MaterialsCollege of Chemistry and Life SciencesInstitute of Physical and ChemistryZhejiang Normal UniversityJinhuaZhejiang321004China
| | - Yujie Xiong
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the MicroscaleiChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials)Hefei Science Center (CAS) and School of Chemistry and Materials ScienceUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefeiAnhui230026China
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Abstract
Statistical mediation analysis allows researchers to identify the most important mediating constructs in the causal process studied. Identifying specific mediators is especially relevant when the hypothesized mediating construct consists of multiple related facets. The general definition of the construct and its facets might relate differently to an outcome. However, current methods do not allow researchers to study the relationships between general and specific aspects of a construct to an outcome simultaneously. This study proposes a bifactor measurement model for the mediating construct as a way to parse variance and represent the general aspect and specific facets of a construct simultaneously. Monte Carlo simulation results are presented to help determine the properties of mediated effect estimation when the mediator has a bifactor structure and a specific facet of a construct is the true mediator. This study also investigates the conditions when researchers can detect the mediated effect when the multidimensionality of the mediator is ignored and treated as unidimensional. Simulation results indicated that the mediation model with a bifactor mediator measurement model had unbiased and adequate power to detect the mediated effect with a sample size greater than 500 and medium a- and b-paths. Also, results indicate that parameter bias and detection of the mediated effect in both the data-generating model and the misspecified model varies as a function of the amount of facet variance represented in the mediation model. This study contributes to the largely unexplored area of measurement issues in statistical mediation analysis.
Collapse
|
36
|
Hong JW, Kim Y, Kwon Y, Han SW. Noble-Metal Nanocrystals with Controlled Facets for Electrocatalysis. Chem Asian J 2016; 11:2224-39. [PMID: 27258679 DOI: 10.1002/asia.201600462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2016] [Revised: 05/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Noble-metal nanocrystals (NCs) show excellent catalytic performance for many important electrocatalysis reactions. The crystallographic properties of the facets by which the NCs are bound, closely associated with the shape of the NCs, have a profound influence on the electrocatalytic function of the NCs. To develop an efficient strategy for the synthesis of NCs with controlled facets as well as compositions, understanding of the growth mechanism of the NCs and their interaction with the chemical species involved in NC synthesis is quite important. Furthermore, understanding the facet-dependent catalytic properties of noble-metal NCs and the corresponding mechanisms for various electrocatalysis reactions will allow for the rational design of robust electrocatalysts. In this review, we summarize recently developed synthesis strategies for the preparation of mono- and bimetallic noble-metal NCs by classifying them by the type of facets through which they are enclosed and discuss the electrocatalytic applications of noble-metal NCs with controlled facets, especially for reactions associated with fuel-cell applications, such as the oxygen reduction reaction and fuel (methanol, ethanol, and formic acid) oxidation reactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jong Wook Hong
- Center for Nanotectonics, Department of Chemistry and KI for the NanoCentury, KAIST, Daejeon, 34141, Korea.,Department of Chemistry, University of Ulsan, Ulsan, 44610, Korea
| | - Yena Kim
- Center for Nanotectonics, Department of Chemistry and KI for the NanoCentury, KAIST, Daejeon, 34141, Korea
| | - Yongmin Kwon
- Center for Nanotectonics, Department of Chemistry and KI for the NanoCentury, KAIST, Daejeon, 34141, Korea
| | - Sang Woo Han
- Center for Nanotectonics, Department of Chemistry and KI for the NanoCentury, KAIST, Daejeon, 34141, Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Liu N, Li K, Li X, Chang Y, Feng Y, Sun X, Cheng Y, Wu Z, Zhang H. Crystallographic Facet-Induced Toxicological Responses by Faceted Titanium Dioxide Nanocrystals. ACS Nano 2016; 10:6062-6073. [PMID: 27176653 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.6b01657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Toxicological responses of nanomaterials have been closely correlated to their physicochemical properties, and establishment of a property-activity relationship of nanomaterials is favorable for a deep understanding of the nanomaterials' toxicity mechanism, prospectively predicting nanomaterials' potential hazards and rationally designing safer nanomaterials. Faceted nanomaterials usually exhibit more versatile and effective performance than spherical nanomaterials due to their selectively exposed crystallographic facets with high densities of unsaturated atoms. These facets have high surface reactivity, capable of eliciting strong interactions with biological systems. Few studies paid attention to the toxic behaviors of faceted nanomaterials in terms of their distinctive facets. In the present study, the toxicological role of the crystallographic facets of TiO2 nanomaterials was investigated, and the precise property-activity relationship was exploited to clearly understand the toxicity of faceted nanomaterials. A series of faceted TiO2 nanocrystals with the morphology of truncated octahedral bipyramids were prepared to expose different percentages of {101} and {001} facets on the surface. Density functional theory calculation revealed that {101} facets could only molecularly absorb water molecules while {001} facets due to their surface-unsaturated Ti atoms could dissociate the absorbed water molecules to generate hydroxyl radicals. Biophysical assessments corroborated the increased production of hydroxyl radicals on the {001} facets compared to {101} facets, which endowed {001} facets with strong hemolytic activity and elicited severe toxicities. A series of increased oxidative stress toxicological responses, including cellular ROS production, heme oxygenase-1 expression, cellular GSH depletion, and mitochondrial dysfunctions, were triggered by faceted TiO2 nanocrystals with progressively increased {001} percentages, demonstrating the toxicological roles of {001} facets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Xi Li
- School of Chemistry and Life Science, Changchun University of Technology , 2055 Yan'an Street, Changchun, Jilin 130012, China
| | - Yun Chang
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yanlin Feng
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049, China
| | | | | | - Zhijian Wu
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049, China
| | - Haiyuan Zhang
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049, China
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Salunke P, Sahoo SK, Deepak AN, Ghuman MS, Khandelwal NK. Comprehensive drilling of the C1-2 facets to achieve direct posterior reduction in irreducible atlantoaxial dislocation. J Neurosurg Spine 2015; 23:294-302. [PMID: 26023897 DOI: 10.3171/2014.12.spine14310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECT The cause of irreducibility in irreducible atlantoaxial dislocation (AAD) appears to be the orientation of the C1-2 facets. The current management strategies for irreducible AAD are directed at removing the cause of irreducibility followed by fusion, rather than transoral decompression and posterior fusion. The technique described in this paper addresses C1-2 facet mobilization by facetectomies to aid intraoperative manipulation. METHODS Using this technique, reduction was achieved in 19 patients with congenital irreducible AAD treated between January 2011 and December 2013. The C1-2 joints were studied preoperatively, and particular attention was paid to the facet orientation. Intraoperatively, oblique C1-2 joints were opened widely, and extensive drilling of the facets was performed to make them close to flat and parallel to each other, converting an irreducible AAD to a reducible one. Anomalous vertebral arteries (VAs) were addressed appropriately. Further reduction was then achieved after vertical distraction and joint manipulation. RESULTS Adequate facet drilling was achieved in all but 2 patients, due to VA injury in 1 patient and an acute sagittal angle operated on 2 years previously in the other patient. Complete reduction could be achieved in 17 patients and partial in the remaining 2. All patients showed clinical improvement. Two patients showed partial redislocation due to graft subsidence. The fusion rates were excellent. CONCLUSIONS Comprehensive drilling of the C1-2 facets appears to be a logical and effective technique for achieving direct posterior reduction in irreducible AAD. The extensive drilling makes large surfaces raw, increasing fusion rates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Mandeep S Ghuman
- Radiodiagnosis, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Niranjan K Khandelwal
- Radiodiagnosis, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Siegling AB, Petrides KV, Martskvishvili K. An Examination of a New Psychometric Method for Optimizing Multi-Faceted Assessment Instruments in the Context of Trait Emotional Intelligence. Eur J Pers 2014; 29:42-54. [PMID: 25798028 PMCID: PMC4359043 DOI: 10.1002/per.1976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2014] [Revised: 09/17/2014] [Accepted: 09/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Driven by the challenge of representing and measuring psychological attributes, this article outlines a psychometric method aimed at identifying problem facets. The method, which integrates theoretical and empirical steps, is applied in the context of the construct of trait emotional intelligence (trait EI), using data from six different samples (N = 1284) collected across Europe. Alternative representations of the trait EI variance, derived from the outcome variables used in previous validation studies of the Trait Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire, were regressed on the 15 trait EI facets using the stepwise method. The analyses revealed five facets, which did not occupy unique construct variance in any of the six samples. As expected, a composite of the remaining 10 facets consistently showed greater construct validity than the original 15-facet composite. Implications for construct and scale development are discussed, and directions for further validation of the method and for its application to other constructs are provided. © 2014 The Authors. European Journal of Personality published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of European Association of Personality Psychology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A B Siegling
- London Psychometric Laboratory, University College London London, UK
| | - K V Petrides
- London Psychometric Laboratory, University College London London, UK
| | - Khatuna Martskvishvili
- London Psychometric Laboratory, University College London London, UK ; Tbilisi State University Tbilisi, Georgia
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Costa PT Jr, Weiss A, Duberstein PR, Friedman B, Siegler IC. Personality facets and all-cause mortality among Medicare patients aged 66 to 102 years: a follow-on study of Weiss and Costa (2005). Psychosom Med 2014; 76:370-8. [PMID: 24933014 DOI: 10.1097/PSY.0000000000000070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate associations between personality facets and survival during an 8-year follow-up. METHODS In 597 Medicare recipients (age, 66-102 years) followed up for approximately 8 years, personality domains and facets were assessed using the Revised NEO Personality Inventory (NEO-PI-R). This study builds on a previous study which used proportional hazards regression to test whether the NEO-PI-R factor and selected facet scores were associated with mortality risk. That study revealed that the neuroticism facet impulsiveness, agreeableness facet straightforwardness, and conscientiousness facet self-discipline were related to lower risk during 4 years of follow-up. We extended the follow-up period by 4 years, examined all 30 facets, and used accelerated failure time modeling as an additional analytic approach. Unlike proportional hazards regression, accelerated failure time modeling permits inferences about the median survival length conferred by predictors. Each facet was tested in a model that included health-related covariates and NEO-PI-R factor scores for dimensions that did not include that facet. RESULTS Over the 8-year follow-up period, impulsiveness was not significant, each standard deviation of straightforwardness was associated with an 11% increase in median survival time and, when dichotomized, higher self-discipline was associated with a 34% increase in median survival time. Each standard deviation of altruism, compliance, tender-mindedness, and openness to fantasy was associated with a 9% to 11% increase in median survival time. CONCLUSIONS After extending the follow-up period from 4 to 8 years, self-discipline remained a powerful predictor of survival and facets associated with imagination, generosity, and higher-quality interpersonal interactions become increasingly important.
Collapse
|
41
|
Abstract
Depression has robust associations with personality, showing a strong relation with neuroticism and more moderate associations with extraversion and conscientiousness. In addition, each Big Five domain can be decomposed into narrower facets. However, we currently lack consensus as to the contents of Big Five facets, with idiosyncrasies across instruments; moreover, few studies have examined associations with depression. In the current study, community participants completed six omnibus personality inventories; self-reported depressive symptoms were assessed at baseline and 5 years later. Exploratory factor analyses suggested three to five facets in each domain, and these facets served as prospective predictors of depression in hierarchical regressions, after accounting for baseline and trait depression. In these analyses, high anger (from neuroticism), low positive emotionality (extraversion), low conventionality (conscientiousness), and low culture (openness to experiences) were significant prospective predictors of depression. Results are discussed in regard to personality structure and assessment, as well as personality-psychopathology associations.
Collapse
|
42
|
Ong WJ, Tan LL, Chai SP, Yong ST, Mohamed AR. Facet-dependent photocatalytic properties of TiO(2) -based composites for energy conversion and environmental remediation. ChemSusChem 2014; 7:690-719. [PMID: 24532412 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201300924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2013] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Titanium dioxide (TiO2 ) is one of the most widely investigated metal oxides because of its extraordinary surface, electronic, and photocatalytic properties. However, the large band gap of TiO2 and the considerable recombination of photogenerated electron-hole pairs limit its photocatalytic efficiency. Therefore, research attention is being increasingly directed towards engineering the surface structure of TiO2 on the atomic level (namely morphological control of {001} facets on the micro- and nanoscale) to fine-tune its physicochemical properties; this could ultimately lead to the optimization of selectivity and reactivity. This Review encompasses the fundamental principles to enhance the photocatalytic activity by using highly reactive {001}-faceted TiO2 -based composites. The current progress of such composites, with particular emphasis on the photodegradation of pollutants and photocatalytic water splitting for hydrogen generation, is also discussed. The progresses made are thoroughly examined for achieving remarkable photocatalytic performances, with additional insights with regard to charge transfer. Finally, a summary and some perspectives on the challenges and new research directions for future exploitation in this emerging frontier are provided, which hopefully would allow for harnessing the outstanding structural and electronic properties of {001} facets for various energy- and environmental-related applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wee-Jun Ong
- Low Carbon Economy (LCE) Group, Chemical Engineering Discipline, School of Engineering, Monash University, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway, 46150, Selangor (Malaysia), Fax: (+603) 55146234
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Jackson JJ, Bogg T, Walton KE, Wood D, Harms PD, Lodi-Smith J, Edmonds GW, Roberts BW. Not all conscientiousness scales change alike: a multimethod, multisample study of age differences in the facets of conscientiousness. J Pers Soc Psychol 2009; 96:446-59. [PMID: 19159142 PMCID: PMC2724669 DOI: 10.1037/a0014156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Previous research has shown that traits from the domain of conscientiousness tend to increase with age. However, previous research has not tested whether all aspects of conscientiousness change with age. The present research tests age differences in multiple facets of conscientiousness (industriousness, orderliness, impulse control, reliability, and conventionality) using multiple methods and multiple samples. In a community sample (N = 274) and a representative statewide sample (N = 613) of 18- to 94-year-olds, self-reported industriousness, impulse control, and reliability showed age differences from early adulthood to middle age, whereas orderliness did not. The transition into late adulthood was characterized by increases in impulse control, reliability, and conventionality. In contrast, age differences in observer-rated personality occurred mainly in older adulthood. Age differences held across both ethnicity and levels of socioeconomic status.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joshua J Jackson
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL 61820, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|