1
|
Antuofermo E, Orioles M, Murgia C, Burrai GP, Penati M, Gottardi C, Polinas M, Volpatti D, Galeotti M, Addis MF. Exploring Immunohistochemistry in Fish: Assessment of Antibody Reactivity by Western Immunoblotting. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:2934. [PMID: 37760333 PMCID: PMC10525475 DOI: 10.3390/ani13182934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, research on fish has seen remarkable advancements, especially in aquaculture, ornamental fish industry, and biomedical studies. Immunohistochemistry has become crucial in fish research, aiding in physiological and pathological investigations. However, the use of antibodies originally developed for mammals has raised concerns about their cross-reactivity and specificity in fish. This study systematically evaluated the reactivity of commonly used antibodies for diagnostic purposes, especially in fish pathology, including pan-cytokeratin, vimentin, S-100, glial fibrillary acidic protein, and desmin in the tissue of Sparus aurata, Dicentrarchus labrax, Oncorhynchus mykiss, and Carassius auratus. Western immunoblotting was employed to assess antibody specificity. The results revealed that the pan-cytokeratin and glial fibrillary acidic protein antibodies cross-react with all tested fish species, while S-100 demonstrated specific staining in sea bream, goldfish, and rainbow trout tissues. Conversely, vimentin and desmin antibodies displayed no reactivity. In conclusion, the anti-cytokeratin clone AE1/AE3 and the polyclonal rabbit anti-glial fibrillary acidic protein antibody, which are extensively used in mammals, were validated for fish immunohistochemical studies. Regrettably, D33 anti-desmin and V9 anti-vimentin clones are unsuitable for immunohistochemistry in the tested fish. These findings underscore the need for species-specific antibodies and proper validation for accurate immunohistochemistry analyses in fish research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Antuofermo
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Sassari, Via Vienna 2, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (E.A.); (C.M.); (M.P.)
| | - Massimo Orioles
- Veterinary Pathology Unit, Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences, University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy; (M.O.); (D.V.); (M.G.)
| | - Claudio Murgia
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Sassari, Via Vienna 2, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (E.A.); (C.M.); (M.P.)
| | - Giovanni P. Burrai
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Sassari, Via Vienna 2, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (E.A.); (C.M.); (M.P.)
| | - Martina Penati
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria e Scienze Animali, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via dell’Università 6, 26900 Lodi, Italy; (M.P.); (C.G.); (M.F.A.)
| | - Chiara Gottardi
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria e Scienze Animali, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via dell’Università 6, 26900 Lodi, Italy; (M.P.); (C.G.); (M.F.A.)
| | - Marta Polinas
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Sassari, Via Vienna 2, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (E.A.); (C.M.); (M.P.)
| | - Donatella Volpatti
- Veterinary Pathology Unit, Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences, University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy; (M.O.); (D.V.); (M.G.)
| | - Marco Galeotti
- Veterinary Pathology Unit, Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences, University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy; (M.O.); (D.V.); (M.G.)
| | - Maria Filippa Addis
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria e Scienze Animali, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via dell’Università 6, 26900 Lodi, Italy; (M.P.); (C.G.); (M.F.A.)
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Moreira M, Soliño L, Marques CL, Laizé V, Pousão-Ferreira P, Costa PR, Soares F. Cytotoxic and Hemolytic Activities of Extracts of the Fish Parasite Dinoflagellate Amyloodinium ocellatum. Toxins (Basel) 2022; 14:toxins14070467. [PMID: 35878205 PMCID: PMC9316444 DOI: 10.3390/toxins14070467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The dinoflagellate Amyloodinium ocellatum is the etiological agent of a parasitic disease named amyloodiniosis. Mortalities of diseased fish are usually attributed to anoxia, osmoregulatory impairment, or opportunistic bacterial infections. Nevertheless, the phylogenetic proximity of A. ocellatum to a group of toxin-producing dinoflagellates from Pfiesteria, Parvodinium and Paulsenella genera suggests that it may produce toxin-like compounds, adding a new dimension to the possible cause of mortalities in A. ocellatum outbreaks. To address this question, extracts prepared from different life stages of the parasite were tested in vitro for cytotoxic effects using two cell lines derived from branchial arches (ABSa15) and the caudal fin (CFSa1) of the gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata), and for hemolytic effects using erythrocytes purified from the blood of gilthead seabream juveniles. Cytotoxicity and a strong hemolytic effect, similar to those observed for Karlodinium toxins, were observed for the less polar extracts of the parasitic stage (trophont). A similar trend was observed for the less polar extracts of the infective stage (dinospores), although cell viability was only affected in the ABSa15 line. These results suggest that A. ocellatum produces tissue-specific toxic compounds that may have a role in the attachment of the dinospores’ and trophonts’ feeding process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Márcio Moreira
- S2AQUA—Collaborative Laboratory, Association for a Sustainable and Smart Aquaculture, Av. Parque Natural da Ria Formosa s/n, 8700-194 Olhão, Portugal; (M.M.); (C.L.M.); (V.L.); (P.P.-F.); (P.R.C.)
- IPMA—Portuguese Institute for the Ocean and Atmosphere, EPPO—Aquaculture Research Station, Av. Parque Natural da Ria Formosa s/n, 8700-194 Olhão, Portugal
- CCMAR—Centre of Marine Sciences, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal;
| | - Lucía Soliño
- CCMAR—Centre of Marine Sciences, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal;
- IPMA—Portuguese Institute for the Ocean and Atmosphere, Av. Alfredo Magalhães Ramalho, n° 6, 1495-165 Algés, Portugal
| | - Cátia L. Marques
- S2AQUA—Collaborative Laboratory, Association for a Sustainable and Smart Aquaculture, Av. Parque Natural da Ria Formosa s/n, 8700-194 Olhão, Portugal; (M.M.); (C.L.M.); (V.L.); (P.P.-F.); (P.R.C.)
- IPMA—Portuguese Institute for the Ocean and Atmosphere, EPPO—Aquaculture Research Station, Av. Parque Natural da Ria Formosa s/n, 8700-194 Olhão, Portugal
| | - Vincent Laizé
- S2AQUA—Collaborative Laboratory, Association for a Sustainable and Smart Aquaculture, Av. Parque Natural da Ria Formosa s/n, 8700-194 Olhão, Portugal; (M.M.); (C.L.M.); (V.L.); (P.P.-F.); (P.R.C.)
- CCMAR—Centre of Marine Sciences, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal;
| | - Pedro Pousão-Ferreira
- S2AQUA—Collaborative Laboratory, Association for a Sustainable and Smart Aquaculture, Av. Parque Natural da Ria Formosa s/n, 8700-194 Olhão, Portugal; (M.M.); (C.L.M.); (V.L.); (P.P.-F.); (P.R.C.)
- IPMA—Portuguese Institute for the Ocean and Atmosphere, EPPO—Aquaculture Research Station, Av. Parque Natural da Ria Formosa s/n, 8700-194 Olhão, Portugal
| | - Pedro Reis Costa
- S2AQUA—Collaborative Laboratory, Association for a Sustainable and Smart Aquaculture, Av. Parque Natural da Ria Formosa s/n, 8700-194 Olhão, Portugal; (M.M.); (C.L.M.); (V.L.); (P.P.-F.); (P.R.C.)
- CCMAR—Centre of Marine Sciences, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal;
- IPMA—Portuguese Institute for the Ocean and Atmosphere, Av. Alfredo Magalhães Ramalho, n° 6, 1495-165 Algés, Portugal
| | - Florbela Soares
- S2AQUA—Collaborative Laboratory, Association for a Sustainable and Smart Aquaculture, Av. Parque Natural da Ria Formosa s/n, 8700-194 Olhão, Portugal; (M.M.); (C.L.M.); (V.L.); (P.P.-F.); (P.R.C.)
- IPMA—Portuguese Institute for the Ocean and Atmosphere, EPPO—Aquaculture Research Station, Av. Parque Natural da Ria Formosa s/n, 8700-194 Olhão, Portugal
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Castrillo PA, Varela-Dopico C, Bermúdez R, Ondina P, Quiroga MI. Morphopathology and gill recovery of Atlantic salmon during the parasitic detachment of Margaritifera margaritifera. J Fish Dis 2021; 44:1101-1115. [PMID: 33891319 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.13372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
During the conservation aquaculture of the freshwater mussel Margaritifera margaritifera, fish health has become a concern due to the need of mussel larvae (glochidia) to parasitize the salmonid gills and metamorphose into juveniles. However, there is a lack of information about the impact on fish during the juvenile detachment and the subsequent gill healing. To evaluate the morphopathological changes and gill recovery after the parasitism of M. margaritifera, 51 Atlantic salmon fry (Salmo salar), infested with around 22 larvae/fish g, were necropsied during the synchronized detachment of the mussel juveniles, and gills were assessed by stereomicroscopy and by light and scanning electron microscopy. Salmon showed no clinical signs during the trial and gills recovered their normal morphology almost completely in a short time, suggesting a minimal impact on fish health after glochidiosis. In this sense, the non-erosive droplet detachment and the goblet cell hyperplasia favoured an effective gill remodelling mediated by apoptosis, polarization and cell shedding of the gill epithelia, providing insights to the defence, clearing and healing mechanisms of the gill. These morphopathological techniques could also be implemented to preserve fish welfare and to optimize the artificial breeding programmes of endangered freshwater mussels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pedro A Castrillo
- Department of Anatomy, Animal Production and Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Lugo, Galicia, Spain
| | - Catuxa Varela-Dopico
- Department of Zoology, Genetics and Physical Anthropology, Faculty of Veterinary, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Lugo, Galicia, Spain
| | - Roberto Bermúdez
- Department of Anatomy, Animal Production and Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Lugo, Galicia, Spain
- Instituto de Acuicultura, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
| | - Paz Ondina
- Department of Zoology, Genetics and Physical Anthropology, Faculty of Veterinary, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Lugo, Galicia, Spain
| | - María Isabel Quiroga
- Department of Anatomy, Animal Production and Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Lugo, Galicia, Spain
- Instituto de Acuicultura, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
de Sales-Ribeiro C, Rivero MA, Fernández A, García-Álvarez N, González JF, Quesada-Canales O, Caballero MJ. A Study on the Pathological Effects of Trypanorhyncha Cestodes in Dusky Groupers Epinephelus marginatus from the Canary Islands. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11051471. [PMID: 34065543 PMCID: PMC8160728 DOI: 10.3390/ani11051471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Trypanorhyncha are common parasites of marine fish. Despite numerous studies detailing their biology, knowledge on the effects caused by these parasites in fish tissues is still limited. Dusky groupers are keystone species, necessary for the preservation of several marine ecosystems. Considering their vulnerable state of conservation and the efforts being made to culture them, identification of the effects caused by Trypanorhyncha is vital. Here, we have assessed the prevalence of Trypanorhyncha in dusky groupers from the Canary Islands and the associated pathological changes. Of the 28 fish examined, 27 presented trypanorhynch larvae. Macroscopically, in the abdominal cavity, there were numerous larvae-filled cysts and nodules embedded in abundant fibrosis, hindering the separation of the organs. Microscopically, in the peritoneum, stomach and intestine, there were numerous degenerated parasitic cysts and extensive deposition of fibrous connective tissue with minimal inflammatory responses. This study shows that Trypanorhyncha are common parasites of adult dusky groupers from the Canary Islands. Even though the immune system appears to isolate and eliminate the parasites, extensive fibrosis may have a detrimental impact on fish health when adjacent organs are compressed and their functions impaired. Abstract Trypanorhyncha are cestodes commonly infecting marine fish. Numerous studies have detailed the biology of Trypanorhyncha species, but information on the pathological changes produced by these parasites is limited. Dusky groupers are keystone species necessary for the preservation of several marine ecosystems. Considering their vulnerable state of conservation and the efforts being made to culture them, identification of the effects caused by Trypanorhyncha is vital. Here, we aimed to determine the prevalence and pathological changes produced by Trypanorhyncha in dusky groupers from the Canary Islands. The prevalence of trypanorhynch plerocerci was 96%. Grossly, in the abdominal cavity, there were numerous larvae-filled cysts and nodules. These were embedded in abundant fibrosis, producing visceral adhesions. Histologically, affecting the peritoneum, stomach, and intestine there were numerous degenerated encysted plerocerci and extensive deposition of mature connective tissue. These findings indicate that Trypanorhyncha is highly prevalent in adult dusky groupers from the Canary Islands, producing a progressive and chronic response. Furthermore, fish immune system appears to attempt to eliminate the parasites through fibrous encapsulation. Nonetheless, extensive fibrosis may have a detrimental impact on fish health when adjacent cells or tissues are compressed and their functions impaired.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carolina de Sales-Ribeiro
- Veterinary Histology and Pathology, Institute for Animal Health and Food Safety (IUSA), Veterinary School, Universidad Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35413 Arucas, Spain; (C.d.S.-R.); (A.F.); (O.Q.-C.); (M.J.C.)
| | - Miguel A. Rivero
- Veterinary Histology and Pathology, Institute for Animal Health and Food Safety (IUSA), Veterinary School, Universidad Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35413 Arucas, Spain; (C.d.S.-R.); (A.F.); (O.Q.-C.); (M.J.C.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Antonio Fernández
- Veterinary Histology and Pathology, Institute for Animal Health and Food Safety (IUSA), Veterinary School, Universidad Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35413 Arucas, Spain; (C.d.S.-R.); (A.F.); (O.Q.-C.); (M.J.C.)
| | - Natalia García-Álvarez
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Ichthiopathology, Institute for Animal Health and Food Safety (IUSA), Veterinary School, Universidad Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35413 Arucas, Spain;
| | - Jorge Francisco González
- Division of Animal Production and Biotechnology, Institute for Animal Health and Food Safety (IUSA), Veterinary School, Universidad Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35413 Arucas, Spain;
| | - Oscar Quesada-Canales
- Veterinary Histology and Pathology, Institute for Animal Health and Food Safety (IUSA), Veterinary School, Universidad Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35413 Arucas, Spain; (C.d.S.-R.); (A.F.); (O.Q.-C.); (M.J.C.)
| | - María José Caballero
- Veterinary Histology and Pathology, Institute for Animal Health and Food Safety (IUSA), Veterinary School, Universidad Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35413 Arucas, Spain; (C.d.S.-R.); (A.F.); (O.Q.-C.); (M.J.C.)
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Moreira M, Schrama D, Farinha AP, Cerqueira M, Raposo de Magalhães C, Carrilho R, Rodrigues P. Fish Pathology Research and Diagnosis in Aquaculture of Farmed Fish; a Proteomics Perspective. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:E125. [PMID: 33430015 PMCID: PMC7827161 DOI: 10.3390/ani11010125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the main constraints in aquaculture production is farmed fish vulnerability to diseases due to husbandry practices or external factors like pollution, climate changes, or even the alterations in the dynamic of product transactions in this industry. It is though important to better understand and characterize the intervenients in the process of a disease outbreak as these lead to huge economical losses in aquaculture industries. High-throughput technologies like proteomics can be an important characterization tool especially in pathogen identification and the virulence mechanisms related to host-pathogen interactions on disease research and diagnostics that will help to control, prevent, and treat diseases in farmed fish. Proteomics important role is also maximized by its holistic approach to understanding pathogenesis processes and fish responses to external factors like stress or temperature making it one of the most promising tools for fish pathology research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Márcio Moreira
- CCMAR—Centre of Marine Sciences, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal; (M.M.); (D.S.); (A.P.F.); (M.C.); (C.R.d.M.); (R.C.)
- University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
- IPMA—Portuguese Institute for the Sea and Atmosphere, EPPO—Aquaculture Research Station, Av. Parque Natural da Ria Formosa s/n, 8700-194 Olhão, Portugal
| | - Denise Schrama
- CCMAR—Centre of Marine Sciences, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal; (M.M.); (D.S.); (A.P.F.); (M.C.); (C.R.d.M.); (R.C.)
- University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - Ana Paula Farinha
- CCMAR—Centre of Marine Sciences, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal; (M.M.); (D.S.); (A.P.F.); (M.C.); (C.R.d.M.); (R.C.)
- University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - Marco Cerqueira
- CCMAR—Centre of Marine Sciences, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal; (M.M.); (D.S.); (A.P.F.); (M.C.); (C.R.d.M.); (R.C.)
| | - Cláudia Raposo de Magalhães
- CCMAR—Centre of Marine Sciences, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal; (M.M.); (D.S.); (A.P.F.); (M.C.); (C.R.d.M.); (R.C.)
- University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - Raquel Carrilho
- CCMAR—Centre of Marine Sciences, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal; (M.M.); (D.S.); (A.P.F.); (M.C.); (C.R.d.M.); (R.C.)
- University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - Pedro Rodrigues
- CCMAR—Centre of Marine Sciences, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal; (M.M.); (D.S.); (A.P.F.); (M.C.); (C.R.d.M.); (R.C.)
- University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Cañon-Jones H, Cortes H, Castillo-Ruiz M, Schlotterbeck T, San Martín R. Quillaja saponaria (Molina) Extracts Inhibits In Vitro Piscirickettsia salmonis Infections. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:E2286. [PMID: 33287333 PMCID: PMC7761688 DOI: 10.3390/ani10122286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
P. salmonis infections are the cause of major bacterial disease in salmonids in Chile, and the reason for using more antibiotics compared to other salmon-producing countries. Vaccination and antibiotics have not been efficient and new approaches are needed. The safety of Quillaja saponaria extracts was measured by cytotoxicity using flow cytometry of cytopathic and death of fish cell cultures and efficacy was assessed using in vitro infection models with pathogenic P. salmonis. Cytotoxicity was low and control of in vitro infections was achieved with all products, with protection of over 90%. Minimum inhibitory concentrations were much higher than those in the infection using cell cultures. These results suggest a dual mechanism of action where less purified extracts with a combination of saponin and non-saponin components simultaneously decrease P. salmonis infection while protecting cell lines, rather than exerting a direct antimicrobial effect. Quillaja saponins controlled in vitro infections with P. salmonis and could be considered good candidates for a new, safe and sustainable method of controlling fish bacterial infectious diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hernán Cañon-Jones
- Núcleo de Investigación Aplicada en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Agronomía, Universidad de Las Américas, Santiago 7500975, Chile
| | | | - Mario Castillo-Ruiz
- Escuela de Química y Farmacia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago 8370146, Chile;
- Departamento de Ciencias Químicas y Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Bernardo O Higgins, Santiago 8370993, Chile
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Bruce TJ, Ma J, Oliver LP, Jones EM, LaFrentz BR, Cain KD. Isolation and experimental challenge of cultured burbot (Lota lota maculosa) with Flavobacterium columnare and Aeromonas sp. isolates. J Fish Dis 2020; 43:839-851. [PMID: 32618015 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.13169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Revised: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Burbot (Lota lota maculosa) are a potential new species for commercial aquaculture. As burbot culture expands, there is a need to further define pathogen susceptibility and characterize aspects of the burbot immune response in an effort to assess fish health. A recent clinical diagnostic case from juvenile burbot reared at a commercial production facility resulted in the isolation and identification of Flavobacterium columnare along with several Aeromonas spp. The F. columnare isolate was assigned to genetic group 1 via multiplex PCR, a genetic group commonly associated with columnaris disease cases in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Virulence of the F. columnare isolate was assessed in vivo in both juvenile burbot and rainbow trout. Additionally, several of the Aeromonas sp. case isolates were identified via sequencing (16S rRNA, gyrB and rpoD) and a putative A. sobria isolate (BI-3) was used to challenge burbot, along with a known virulent Aeromonas sp. (A141), but BI-3 was not found to be virulent. Burbot were refractory to F. columnare when challenged by immersion, and it is likely that this is a secondary pathogen for burbot. Although refractory in burbot, the identified F. columnare isolate (BI-1) was found to be virulent in rainbow trout.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Timothy J Bruce
- Department of Fish and Wildlife Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, USA
| | - Jie Ma
- Department of Fish and Wildlife Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, USA
| | - Luke P Oliver
- Department of Fish and Wildlife Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, USA
| | - Evan M Jones
- Department of Fish and Wildlife Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, USA
| | | | - Kenneth D Cain
- Department of Fish and Wildlife Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Oliver C, Sánchez P, Valenzuela K, Hernández M, Pontigo JP, Rauch MC, Garduño RA, Avendaño-Herrera R, Yáñez AJ. Subcellular Location of Piscirickettsia salmonis Heat Shock Protein 60 (Hsp60) Chaperone by Using Immunogold Labeling and Proteomic Analysis. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8010117. [PMID: 31952216 PMCID: PMC7023422 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8010117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Revised: 12/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Piscirickettsia salmonis is the causative bacterial agent of piscirickettsiosis, a systemic fish disease that significantly impacts the Chilean salmon industry. This bacterium possesses a type IV secretion system (T4SS), several proteins of the type III secretion system (T3SS), and a single heat shock protein 60 (Hsp60/GroEL). It has been suggested that due to its high antigenicity, the P. salmonis Hsp60 could be surface-exposed, translocated across the membrane, and (or) secreted into the extracellular matrix. This study tests the hypothesis that P. salmonis Hsp60 could be located on the bacterial surface. Immunogold electron microscopy and proteomic analyses suggested that although P. salmonis Hsp60 was predominantly associated with the bacterial cell cytoplasm, Hsp60-positive spots also exist on the bacterial cell envelope. IgY antibodies against P. salmonis Hsp60 protected SHK-1 cells against infection. Several bioinformatics approaches were used to assess Hsp60 translocation by the T4SS, T3SS, and T6SS, with negative results. These data support the hypothesis that small amounts of Hsp60 must reach the bacterial cell surface in a manner probably not mediated by currently characterized secretion systems, and that they remain biologically active during P. salmonis infection, possibly mediating adherence and (or) invasion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cristian Oliver
- Laboratorio de Inmunología y Estrés de Organismos Acuáticos, Instituto de Patología Animal, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5090000, Chile;
| | - Patricio Sánchez
- Interdisciplinary Center for Aquaculture Research, (INCAR), Concepción 4070386, Chile;
- Instituto de Bioquímica y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5090000, Chile; (J.P.P.); (M.C.R.)
| | - Karla Valenzuela
- Microbiology and Immunology Department, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada; (K.V.); (R.A.G.)
| | - Mauricio Hernández
- Austral-OMICS, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5090000, Chile;
| | - Juan Pablo Pontigo
- Instituto de Bioquímica y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5090000, Chile; (J.P.P.); (M.C.R.)
| | - Maria C. Rauch
- Instituto de Bioquímica y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5090000, Chile; (J.P.P.); (M.C.R.)
| | - Rafael A. Garduño
- Microbiology and Immunology Department, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada; (K.V.); (R.A.G.)
- Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Dartmouth Laboratory, Dartmouth, NS B3B 1Y9, Canada
| | - Ruben Avendaño-Herrera
- Interdisciplinary Center for Aquaculture Research, (INCAR), Concepción 4070386, Chile;
- Universidad Andrés Bello, Laboratorio de Patología de Organismos Acuáticos y Biotecnología Acuícola, Facultad Ciencias de la Vida, Viña del Mar 2531015, Chile
- Correspondence: (R.A.-H.); (A.J.Y.)
| | - Alejandro J. Yáñez
- Interdisciplinary Center for Aquaculture Research, (INCAR), Concepción 4070386, Chile;
- Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5090000, Chile
- Correspondence: (R.A.-H.); (A.J.Y.)
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Belcher SM, Cline JM, Conley J, Groeters S, Jefferson WN, Law M, Mackey E, Suen AA, Williams CJ, Dixon D, Wolf JC. Endocrine Disruption and Reproductive Pathology. Toxicol Pathol 2019; 47:1049-1071. [PMID: 31833458 PMCID: PMC8008741 DOI: 10.1177/0192623319879903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
During the past 20 years, investigations involving endocrine active substances (EAS) and reproductive toxicity have dominated the landscape of ecotoxicological research. This has occurred in concert with heightened awareness in the scientific community, general public, and governmental entities of the potential consequences of chemical perturbation in humans and wildlife. The exponential growth of experimentation in this field is fueled by our expanding knowledge into the complex nature of endocrine systems and the intricacy of their interactions with xenobiotic agents. Complicating factors include the ever-increasing number of novel receptors and alternate mechanistic pathways that have come to light, effects of chemical mixtures in the environment versus those of single EAS laboratory exposures, the challenge of differentiating endocrine disruption from direct cytotoxicity, and the potential for transgenerational effects. Although initially concerned with EAS effects chiefly in the thyroid glands and reproductive organs, it is now recognized that anthropomorphic substances may also adversely affect the nervous and immune systems via hormonal mechanisms and play substantial roles in metabolic diseases, such as type 2 diabetes and obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - J. Mark Cline
- Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | | | | | | | - Mac Law
- North Carolina State College of Veterinary Medicine, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Emily Mackey
- Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
de Sales-Ribeiro C, Sanchez-Henao A, García-Álvarez N, Real F, Rivero MA, Fernández A, Caballero MJ. First description of spontaneous granulomatous aerocystitis by Phoma herbarum in a wild greater amberjack (Seriola dumerili Risso, 1810). J Fish Dis 2019; 42:1321-1325. [PMID: 31197853 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.13045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2019] [Revised: 05/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Carolina de Sales-Ribeiro
- Fish Pathology Unit, Veterinary School, Institute for Animal Health and Food Safety (IUSA), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Arucas, Spain
- Division of Histology and Animal Pathology, Veterinary School, Institute for Animal Health and Food Safety (IUSA), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Arucas, Spain
| | - Andres Sanchez-Henao
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Ichthiopathology, Veterinary School, Institute for Animal Health and Food Safety (IUSA), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Arucas, Spain
| | - Natalia García-Álvarez
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Ichthiopathology, Veterinary School, Institute for Animal Health and Food Safety (IUSA), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Arucas, Spain
| | - Fernando Real
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Ichthiopathology, Veterinary School, Institute for Animal Health and Food Safety (IUSA), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Arucas, Spain
| | - Miguel A Rivero
- Division of Histology and Animal Pathology, Veterinary School, Institute for Animal Health and Food Safety (IUSA), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Arucas, Spain
| | - Antonio Fernández
- Division of Histology and Animal Pathology, Veterinary School, Institute for Animal Health and Food Safety (IUSA), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Arucas, Spain
| | - María José Caballero
- Fish Pathology Unit, Veterinary School, Institute for Animal Health and Food Safety (IUSA), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Arucas, Spain
- Division of Histology and Animal Pathology, Veterinary School, Institute for Animal Health and Food Safety (IUSA), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Arucas, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Castro N, Toranzo AE, Magariños B. A multiplex PCR for the simultaneous detection of Tenacibaculum maritimum and Edwardsiella tarda in aquaculture. Int Microbiol 2014; 17:111-7. [PMID: 26418855 DOI: 10.2436/20.1501.01.213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2014] [Accepted: 06/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
A specific and sensitive multiplex PCR (mPCR) method was developed as a useful tool for the simultaneous detection of two important flatfish pathogens in marine aquaculture, Tenacibaculum maritimum and Edwardsiella tarda. In fish tissues, the average detection limit for these mPCR-amplified organisms was 2 × 10 ⁵ ± 0.2 CFU/g and 4 × 10 ⁵ ± 0.3 CFU/g, respectively. These values are similar or even lower than those previously obtained using the corresponding single PCR. Moreover, mPCR did not produce any nonspecific amplification products when tested against 36 taxonomically related and unrelated strains belonging to 33 different bacterial species. Large amounts of DNA from one of the target bacterial species in the presence of low amounts from the other did not have a significant effect on the amplification sensitivity of the latter.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nuria Castro
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Biology/CIBUS, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Alicia E Toranzo
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Biology/CIBUS, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Beatriz Magariños
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Biology/CIBUS, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Spitsbergen JM, Blazer VS, Bowser PR, Cheng KC, Cooper KR, Cooper TK, Frasca S, Groman DB, Harper CM, Law JMM, Marty GD, Smolowitz RM, St Leger J, Wolf DC, Wolf JC. Finfish and aquatic invertebrate pathology resources for now and the future. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2009; 149:249-57. [PMID: 18948226 PMCID: PMC2680143 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2008.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2008] [Revised: 09/30/2008] [Accepted: 10/01/2008] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Utilization of finfish and aquatic invertebrates in biomedical research and as environmental sentinels has grown dramatically in recent decades. Likewise the aquaculture of finfish and invertebrates has expanded rapidly worldwide as populations of some aquatic food species and threatened or endangered aquatic species have plummeted due to overharvesting or habitat degradation. This increasing intensive culture and use of aquatic species has heightened the importance of maintaining a sophisticated understanding of pathology of various organ systems of these diverse species. Yet, except for selected species long cultivated in aquaculture, pathology databases and the workforce of highly trained pathologists lag behind those available for most laboratory animals and domestic mammalian and avian species. Several factors must change to maximize the use, understanding, and protection of important aquatic species: 1) improvements in databases of abnormalities across species; 2) standardization of diagnostic criteria for proliferative and nonproliferative lesions; and 3) more uniform and rigorous training in aquatic morphologic pathology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jan M Spitsbergen
- Center for Fish Disease Research, 220 Nash Hall, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|