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Hanbisa S, Tadesse WT, Abula T. Evaluation of Wound Healing Activity of 80% Methanol Stem-Bark Extract and Solvent Fractions of Prunus africana (Hook.f.) Kalkman (Rosaceae) in Mice. J Exp Pharmacol 2023; 15:349-365. [PMID: 37701854 PMCID: PMC10494916 DOI: 10.2147/jep.s426233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Prunus africana is a well-known plant that is used in Ethiopian traditional medicine for the treatment of wounds and other ailments, although there is no scientific evidence to back up the claims of its wound-healing properties. Thus, the objective of this study is to evaluate the wound-healing potential of P. africana bark extract in mice. Methods The bark of the plant was extracted by successive maceration using 80% methanol and then fractionated with aqueous, n-butanol, and chloroform. The crude extract and solvent fractions were formulated as an ointment. Wound healing activity was evaluated using excision and incision wound models. Total phenol, flavonoid, and alkaloid contents of the crude extract, aqueous, and n- butanol fractions of the plant were determined. Results In both models, mice treated with 5% (w/w) and 10% (w/w) crude extract ointment exhibited a significant (p < 0.001) wound healing activity compared with control as evidenced by the increased rate of wound contraction and hydroxyproline content, the reduced epithelialization time, and the higher skin breaking strength. Mice treated with aqueous fraction ointment exhibited a high percentage of wound healing effect among all solvent fractions. The aqueous fraction consisted of higher phenolic (49.71 ± 0.73 mg/g) and flavonoid (39.58 ± 0.27 mg/g) content, while alkaloid (3.89 ± 0.55 mg/g) content was the lowest. Conclusion Prunus africana stem bark extract demonstrated wound healing activity in mice model which supports the acclaimed use by Ethiopian traditional medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sagni Hanbisa
- Department of Pharmacy, Institute of Health Science, Wallaga University, Nekemte, Ethiopia
| | - Wondmagegn Tamiru Tadesse
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Teferra Abula
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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Ha JW, Ahn SS, Song JJ, Park YB, Lee SW. Total Globulin Fraction at Diagnosis Could Forecast All-Cause Mortality during the Disease Course in Patients with Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody-Associated Vasculitis. J Clin Med 2023; 12:4170. [PMID: 37373863 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12124170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Total globulin fraction (TGF) is calculated by subtracting serum albumin levels from serum total protein levels. The present study examined whether TGF at diagnosis could forecast all-cause mortality during the disease course in patients with antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis (AAV). The present study included 283 patients with AAV. The variables at AAV diagnosis such as demographic data, AAV-specific data including the Birmingham vasculitis activity score (BVAS), five-factor score (FFS), and laboratory data including ANCA, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), and C-reactive protein (CRP) were collected. The number of deceased patients during the follow-up duration based on all-cause mortality was counted. The median age of the 283 AAV patients was 60 years, and 35.7% were men. ANCAs were detected in 228 patients, and the median TGF was 2.9. A total of 39 patients (13.8%) died within a median follow-up duration of 46.9 months. TGF at AAV diagnosis was significantly correlated with ESR and CRP rather than AAV activity. Patients with ANCA positivity exhibited a significantly higher median TGF at AAV diagnosis than those without. Patients with TGF ≥ 3.1 g/dL at AAV diagnosis exhibited a significantly lower cumulative survival rate than those without. Furthermore, in the multivariable Cox hazards model analysis, TGF ≥ 3.1 g/dL (hazard ratio 2.611) was independently associated with all-cause mortality, along with age, male sex, and body mass index. The present study is the first to demonstrate that TGF at AAV diagnosis can forecast all-cause mortality during the disease course in AAV patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jang-Woo Ha
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Soo Ahn
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Jason-Jungsik Song
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
- Institute for Immunology and Immunological Diseases, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Beom Park
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
- Institute for Immunology and Immunological Diseases, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Won Lee
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
- Institute for Immunology and Immunological Diseases, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
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Pérez-Delgado O, Espinoza-Culupú AO, López-López E. Antimicrobial Activity of Apis mellifera Bee Venom Collected in Northern Peru. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:antibiotics12040779. [PMID: 37107142 PMCID: PMC10135115 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12040779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to the emergence of microorganisms resistant to antibiotics and the failure of antibiotic therapies, there is an urgent need to search for new therapeutic options, as well as new molecules with antimicrobial potential. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the in vitro antibacterial activity of Apis mellifera venom collected in the beekeeping areas of the city of Lambayeque in northern Peru against Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Staphylococcus aureus. Bee venom extraction was performed by electrical impulses and separated using the Amicon ultra centrifugal filter. Subsequently, the fractions were quantified by spectrometric 280 nm and evaluated under denaturant conditions in SDS-PAGE. The fractions were pitted against Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853. A purified fraction (PF) of the venom of A. mellifera and three low molecular weight bands of 7 KDa, 6 KDa, and 5 KDa were identified that showed activity against E. coli with a MIC of 6.88 µg/mL, while for P. aeruginosa and S. aureus, it did not present a MIC. No hemolytic activity at a concentration lower than 15.6 µg/mL and no antioxidant activity. The venom of A. mellifera contains a potential presence of peptides and a predilection of antibacterial activity against E. coli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orlando Pérez-Delgado
- Health Science Research Laboratory, Universidad Señor de Sipán, Chiclayo 14001, Peru
| | | | - Elmer López-López
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Señor de Sipán, Chiclayo 14001, Peru
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Tegegne BA, Alehegn AA. Antipyretic Potential of 80% Methanol Extract and Solvent Fractions of Bersama abyssinica Fresen. (Melianthaceae) Leaves Against Yeast-Induced Pyrexia in Mice. J Exp Pharmacol 2023; 15:81-91. [PMID: 36879895 PMCID: PMC9985388 DOI: 10.2147/jep.s390825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Since fever is a complicated physiological reaction to an infection or aseptic stimulus, finding safer solutions that are more potent and derived from plants is essential to resolving this issue. Bersama abyssinica (Melianthaceae) is traditionally used to treat fever, though this has yet to be proven scientifically. Objective The present study aimed to assess the antipyretic potential of leaf extract and solvent fractions of B. abyssinica. Methods The antipyretic activities of crude extract and solvent fractions of B. abyssinica leaves were evaluated using a yeast-induced pyrexia model at three different dose ranges (100mg/kg, 200mg/kg, and 400mg/kg) methanol extract as well as chloroform, ethyl acetate, and aqueous fractions to mice showing an increase in temperature of ≥0.5 °C. The rectal temperature of each mouse was recorded using a digital thermometer. To analyze the data, SPSS version 20 and one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's HSD post hoc test to compare results between groups were utilized. Results The crude extract demonstrated significant antipyretic potential (P<0.05 by 100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg as well as P<0.01 by 400 mg/kg), with a maximum of 95.06% reduction in rectal temperature at 400 mg/kg, comparable to 98.37% at 2.5 hours by the standard drug. Similarly, all doses of the aqueous fraction, as well as 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg doses of the ethyl acetate fractions, resulted in a significant (P<0.05) reduction in rectal temperature when compared to the corresponding value of the negative control group. Conclusion Extracts of B. abyssinica leaves were found to have a significant antipyretic effect. Thus, the use of the plant for pyrexia in traditional settings has scientific ground.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bantayehu Addis Tegegne
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Debre Markos University, Debre Markos, Ethiopia
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Ren Q, Sun RL, Zheng KX, Liu YD, Ruan XL, Wang YY. [Soil Properties, Heavy Metal Accumulation, and Ecological Risk in Vegetable Greenhouses of Different Planting Years]. Huan Jing Ke Xue 2022; 43:995-1003. [PMID: 35075873 DOI: 10.13227/j.hjkx.202104248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The vegetable greenhouse soils in Yanglou Town, Ruzhou City, Henan Province were taken as the research object in the present study to explore the difference in soil physical and chemical properties and the total and fraction of heavy metals of different planting years. The potential ecological risks of heavy metals in greenhouse soils with different planting years were assessed by using single and comprehensive potential ecological risk index methods. The results showed that the soil pH of vegetable greenhouses increased, and fertility factors such as organic matter, available phosphorus, and alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen accumulated to a certain extent compared to the control group, whereas catalase showed a decreasing trend. Correlation analysis showed that the planting years were significant positively correlated with pH (P<0.05) and organic matter (P<0.01) and significant negatively correlated with catalase (P<0.01). The amount of heavy metals in the vegetable greenhouse soils increased with the increase in planting years, among which Cu, Zn, and Cd increased most obviously, with maximum increases of 129.14%, 204.17%, and 161.11%, respectively. The proportion of acid-soluble and reducible heavy metals in the vegetable greenhouse soils also increased gradually with the planting years, and the proportion of residual heavy metals decreased correspondingly, which resulted in the heavy metals transforming into fractions easily absorbed by plants. The results of the single potential ecological risk index showed that Cd in vegetable greenhouse soils had a strong ecological risk with the increase in planting years, whereas Cu, Pb, Zn, and Ni were in the mild risk category. The comprehensive potential ecological risk index showed that the heavy metals in the vegetable greenhouse soils of different planting years have reached a strong or very strong ecological risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Ren
- National Demonstration Center for Environmental and Planning, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
- College of Geography and Environmental Science, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Rui-Ling Sun
- Bureau of Ecology and Environment of Puyang County Branch, Puyang 457100, China
| | - Kai-Xuan Zheng
- National Demonstration Center for Environmental and Planning, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
- College of Geography and Environmental Science, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Yi-Dan Liu
- National Demonstration Center for Environmental and Planning, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
- College of Geography and Environmental Science, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Xin-Ling Ruan
- National Demonstration Center for Environmental and Planning, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
- College of Geography and Environmental Science, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
- Henan Engineering Research Center for Control&Remediation of Soil Heavy Metal Pollution, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Yang-Yang Wang
- National Demonstration Center for Environmental and Planning, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
- College of Geography and Environmental Science, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
- Henan Engineering Research Center for Control&Remediation of Soil Heavy Metal Pollution, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
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Goel G, Semwal S, Khare A, Joshi D, Amerneni CK, Pakhare A, Kapoor N. Immature Platelet Fraction: Its Clinical Utility in Thrombocytopenia Patients. J Lab Physicians 2021; 13:214-218. [PMID: 34602784 PMCID: PMC8478497 DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1729471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Etiology of thrombocytopenia is multifactorial and its pathogenesis should be distinguished for appropriate management. Newly formed immature platelets are called reticulated platelets (RPs) and can be estimated in peripheral blood using automated hematology analyzers, which express them as immature platelet fraction (IPF). In the present study we intend to assess and establish the clinical utility of IPF in differentiating the two major causes of thrombocytopenia-decreased production and increased destruction of platelets-along with determining its significance in monitoring patients with thrombocytopenia. Materials and Methods Sixty-one cases of thrombocytopenia and 101 healthy controls with normal platelet count were included in the study. IPF and all the other usual blood cell parameters were measured using a fully automated hematology analyzer. Based on the pathogenesis of thrombocytopenia, the cases were divided into groups and the difference in IPF value between the groups was evaluated. Results The reference range of IPF among healthy controls was estimated to be 0.7 to 5.7%. The mean IPF was significantly higher in patients with increased peripheral destruction of platelets (13.4%) as compared to patients with decreased production of platelets (4.6%). The optimal cutoff value of IPF for differentiating patients with increased peripheral destruction of platelets from patients with decreased production of platelets was 5.95% with a sensitivity of 88% and specificity of 75.9%. Conclusion Measurement of IPF is useful for detecting evidence of increased platelet production and helps in the initial evaluation of thrombocytopenia patients. It is a novel diagnostic method which can be used to differentiate patients with thrombocytopenia due to increased destruction of platelets from patients with thrombocytopenia due to bone marrow failure/suppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garima Goel
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Shruti Semwal
- Department of Pathology, L.N. Medical College and J.K. Hospital, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Akriti Khare
- Department of Hematology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Delhi, India
| | - Deepti Joshi
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Chaitanya K Amerneni
- Department of Pathology and Lab Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Abhijit Pakhare
- Department of Community and Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Neelkamal Kapoor
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
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Yu J, Li Q, Wu J, Yang X, Yang S, Zhu W, Liu Y, Tang W, Nie S, Hassouna A, White WL, Zhao Y, Lu J. Fucoidan Extracted From Sporophyll of Undaria pinnatifida Grown in Weihai, China - Chemical Composition and Comparison of Antioxidant Activity of Different Molecular Weight Fractions. Front Nutr 2021; 8:636930. [PMID: 34124117 PMCID: PMC8193228 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.636930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Fucoidan is a multifunctional marine carbohydrate polymer that differs in its chemical composition and bioactivity both between seaweed species and within species from different locations across the globe. In this study, fucoidan was extracted from the sporophyll of Undaria pinnatifida grown in Weihai, Shandong Province, China. Fucoidan fractions with molecular weight cutoffs (MWCO) of >300 kDa and <10 kDa were obtained via dialysis. The fucoidan standard from Sigma (Fstd, ≥95, CAS: 9072-19-9), fucoidan crude extract (WH), >300 kDa fraction (300k) and <10 kDa fraction (10k) were compared in terms of chemical composition and antioxidant capacity. Based on Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) analysis, Fstd, WH, and 300k all showed strong bands around 830 cm−1, corresponding to the sulfate substituent in the molecule. The results showed that compared with WH and 300 k, the degree of sulfation at 10k was the lowest. From Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) result, the four fucoidan samples all contain α-L-fucose. The primary antioxidant ability of the 10k is significantly higher than that of the 300k, WH, and Fstd, but the secondary antioxidant capabilities of the 10k and 300k were similar, and both were higher than that of the butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA). The ferric reducing antioxidant ability was higher in the 300k and WH fractions. This demonstrates that fucoidan extracted from U. pinnatifida grown in Weihai, China should be a useful nutraceutical resource.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yu
- College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China.,College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qianqian Li
- College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Wu
- College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaotong Yang
- College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shiping Yang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Zhu
- Shanghai Institute of Quality Inspection and Technical Research, Shanghai, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Shanghai Institute of Quality Inspection and Technical Research, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Shaoping Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Amira Hassouna
- Faculty of Health and Environmental Sciences, School of Public Health and Interdisciplinary Studies, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand.,Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - William Lindsey White
- School of Science, Faculty of Health and Environmental Sciences, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Yu Zhao
- College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Lu
- Faculty of Health and Environmental Sciences, School of Public Health and Interdisciplinary Studies, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand.,School of Science, Faculty of Health and Environmental Sciences, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand.,Institute of Biomedical Technology, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand.,Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Discovery, Auckland, New Zealand.,College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China.,College of Food Engineering and Nutrition Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Shaanxi, China
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Rollando R, Warsito W, Masruri M, Widodo W. Pterygota alata (Roxb.) R.Br. Bark Fraction Induced Intrinsic Apoptotic Pathway in 4T1 Cells by Decreasing Bcl-2 and Inducing Bax Expression. Pak J Biol Sci 2021; 24:172-181. [PMID: 33683045 DOI: 10.3923/pjbs.2021.172.181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Pterygota alata (Roxb.) R.Br. bark extract has been studied to have cytotoxic activity on 4T1 cells. This study was conducted to determine the cytotoxic activity of several fractions of Pterygota alata (Roxb.) R.Br. bark against 4T1 breast cancer cells and to investigate the most active fractions on Bcl-2 and Bax expressions. MATERIALS AND METHODS The bark of Pterygota alata (Roxb.) R.Br. was extracted using 80% methanol and was fractionated into fractions of n-hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, n-butanol and insoluble n-butanol with liquid-liquid partition. Cytotoxic tests were performed using the MTT method and expressions of Bax and Bcl-2 on 4T1 breast cancer cells were detected with immunocytochemical staining. Identification of compounds in the most active fraction using GC-MS. RESULTS The results showed that the most active fraction was the insoluble fraction of n-butanol (IFB) with an IC50 of 15.14 μg mL-1. IFB also decreases the expression of Bcl-2 and increases the expression of Bax. CONCLUSION It can be concluded that Pterygota alata (Roxb.) R.Br. bark has the potential to be developed for medical use, especially for breast cancer therapy.
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Mandal B, Madan S, Ahmad S, Sharma AK, Ansari MHR. Antiurolithic efficacy of a phenolic rich ethyl acetate fraction of the aerial parts of Aerva lanata (Linn) Juss. ex Schult. in ethylene glycol induced urolithic rats. J Pharm Pharmacol 2021; 73:560-572. [PMID: 33793840 DOI: 10.1093/jpp/rgaa071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The study was carried out to evaluate the in vivo antiurolithic efficaciousness of an ethyl acetate fraction of Aerva lanata (EAFAL) derived from the hydromethanolic extract of its aerial parts (HMEAL). METHODS In vivo pharmacological potency of EAFAL was assessed by ethylene glycol (EG) induced urolithiasis model in male Wistar albino rats. Urine samples of the animals were analysed for physical parameters, stone promoters, inhibitors along with an evaluation of the biochemical parameters of serum and kidneys. Histopathological investigation of the kidneys was done. The fraction was further subjected to LC-MS and HPLC for its phytochemical evaluation. KEY FINDINGS EAFAL demonstrated a significant antiurolithic effect by a restoration of the balance between urinary promoters and inhibitors along with an amelioration of the urinary pH. The abnormally elevated levels of serum nitrogenous substances, calcium, albumin, globulin, total protein along with altered renal calcium, oxalate and uric acid were also alleviated significantly followed by an improvement of the histopathological aberrancies. Phytochemical analysis showed evidence of phenolic components and flavonoids. CONCLUSIONS The current findings prove the beneficial role of phenolic and flavonoid rich EAFAL in ameliorating urolithiasis induced abnormalities of urine, serum and kidneys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bitasta Mandal
- School of Pharmaceutical Technology, Adamas University, Barasat, Kolkata, India
| | - Swati Madan
- Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sayeed Ahmad
- Bioactive Natural Product Laboratory, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, Hamdard University, New Delhi, India
| | - Arun K Sharma
- Amity University, Amity Education Valley Gurugram, Manesar, Panchgaon, Haryana, India
| | - Mohd Hafizur Rehman Ansari
- Bioactive Natural Product Laboratory, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, Hamdard University, New Delhi, India
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Maggi MA, Bisti S, Picco C. Saffron: Chemical Composition and Neuroprotective Activity. Molecules 2020; 25:E5618. [PMID: 33260389 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25235618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Crocus sativus L. belongs to the Iridaceae family and it is commonly known as saffron. The different cultures together with the geoclimatic characteristics of the territory determine a different chemical composition that characterizes the final product. This is why a complete knowledge of this product is fundamental, from which more than 150 chemical compounds have been extracted from, but only about one third of them have been identified. The chemical composition of saffron has been studied in relation to its efficacy in coping with neurodegenerative retinal diseases. Accordingly, experimental results provide evidence of a strict correlation between chemical composition and neuroprotective capacity. We found that saffron's ability to cope with retinal neurodegeneration is related to: (1) the presence of specific crocins and (2) the contribution of other saffron components. We summarize previous evidence and provide original data showing that results obtained both "in vivo" and "in vitro" lead to the same conclusion.
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Mohebbati R, Kamkar-De Y, Shafei MN. The possible regulatory mechanisms of aqueous, ethyl acetate and nhexane fractions of the Ribes khorassanicum extract on acute hypertension in rats. Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets 2020; 21:1620-1626. [PMID: 33148161 DOI: 10.2174/1871530320666201104114609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Our previous studies showed the antihypertensive effect of Ribes khorassanicum (R. khorassanicum), a medicinal herb growing in the North Khorasan Province of Iran. For further evaluation, the present study investigated the effect of n-hexane (HX), ethyl acetate (EA), and aqueous (AQ) fractions of hydroalcoholic R. khorassanicum extract on cardiovascular responses in angiotensin II (AngII) and NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) hypertensive rats. METHODS Wistar rats were randomly divided into 11 groups (n=5): 1) control, 2) AngII (50 ng/kg, i.v), 3) AngII + losartan (10 mg/kg, i.p), 4) L-NAME (10 mg/kg, i.v), 5) L-NAME+ sodium nitroprusside (SNP) (50 mg/kg, i.p), 6,7,8) one dose of each fraction of R. khorassanicum (AQ/EA/HX (50 mg/kg, i.p)) +AngII, and 9,10,11) one dose of each fraction of R. khorassanicum (AQ/EA/HX (50 mg/kg, i.p)) + L-NAME. Treated rats received three fractions 30 min before the injection of L-NAME and AngII in separate groups. The cardiovascular parameters were recorded by the Power Lab instrument via an angiocath inserted into the femoral artery. The peak changes (∆) of mean arterial pressure (MAP), systolic blood pressure (SBP), and heart rate (HR) in treated groups were compared with those of the hypertensive and control groups. RESULT AngII and L-NAME significantly increased ∆MAP and ∆SBP and attenuated by pretreatment of LOS and SNP, respectively. Pretreatment with polar (AQ) and semipolar (EA) fractions of R. khorassanicum reduced the peak changes of MAP and SBP in both AngII and L-NAME-treated groups. Only the fraction of the herb attenuated the HR increased in the L-NAME group. The HR in other groups did not demonstrate any significant difference. CONCLUSION All fractions of R. khorassanicum have an antihypertensive effect. However, the effect of polar fractions is more salient. It is also conceivable that the antihypertensive effect of fractions is mostly mediated by the inhibition of AngII.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Mohebbati
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad. Iran
| | - Yasamin Kamkar-De
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad. Iran
| | - Mohammad Naser Shafei
- Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad. Iran
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Alfaifi M, Alsayari A, Gurusamy N, Louis J, Eldin Elbehairi S, Venkatesan K, Annadurai S, I. Asiri Y, Shati A, Saleh K, Alboushnak H, Handoussa H, Bin Muhsinah A, Abdel Motaal A. Analgesic, Anti-Inflammatory, Cytotoxic Activity Screening and UPLC-PDA-ESI-MS Metabolites Determination of Bioactive Fractions of Kleinia pendula. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25020418. [PMID: 31968561 PMCID: PMC7024144 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25020418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Revised: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Kleinia pendula (Forssk.) DC. is a prostrate or pendent dark green succulent herb found in the southwestern mountain regions of Saudi Arabia. The literature survey of the plant reveals a lack of phytochemical and pharmacological studies, although traditional uses have been noted. The objective of the present work was to assess the in vivo analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities, as well as, the in vitro cytotoxic potential of the fractions of Kleinia pendula, and correlate these activities to the plant metabolites. The methanolic extract of Kleinia pendula was subjected to fractionation with n-hexane, ethyl acetate, chloroform, n-butanol, and water. The fractions were screened for their analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities, as well as cytotoxic activity against breast, liver, and colon cancer cell lines. The n-hexane and chloroform fractions of Kleinia pendula showed significant cytotoxic activity against all three cancer cell lines tested. The ethyl acetate and chloroform fractions showed significant analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities. The metabolites in these three active fractions were determined using UPLC-PDA-ESI-MS. Thus, the analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities of the plant were attributed to its phenolic acids (caffeoylquinic acid derivatives, protocatechuic, and chlorogenic acids). While fatty acids and triterpenoids such as (tormentic acid) in the hexane fraction are responsible for the cytotoxic activity; thus, these fractions of Kleinia pendula may be a novel source for the development of new plant-based analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Alfaifi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, Abha 9004, Saudi Arabia; (S.E.E.); (A.S.); (K.S.); (H.A.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Abdulrhman Alsayari
- College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha 9004, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.); (N.G.); (J.L.); (K.V.); (S.A.); (Y.I.A.); (A.B.M.); (A.A.M.)
| | - Narasimman Gurusamy
- College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha 9004, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.); (N.G.); (J.L.); (K.V.); (S.A.); (Y.I.A.); (A.B.M.); (A.A.M.)
| | - Justin Louis
- College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha 9004, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.); (N.G.); (J.L.); (K.V.); (S.A.); (Y.I.A.); (A.B.M.); (A.A.M.)
| | - Serag Eldin Elbehairi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, Abha 9004, Saudi Arabia; (S.E.E.); (A.S.); (K.S.); (H.A.)
| | - Kumar Venkatesan
- College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha 9004, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.); (N.G.); (J.L.); (K.V.); (S.A.); (Y.I.A.); (A.B.M.); (A.A.M.)
| | - Sivakumar Annadurai
- College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha 9004, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.); (N.G.); (J.L.); (K.V.); (S.A.); (Y.I.A.); (A.B.M.); (A.A.M.)
| | - Yahya I. Asiri
- College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha 9004, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.); (N.G.); (J.L.); (K.V.); (S.A.); (Y.I.A.); (A.B.M.); (A.A.M.)
| | - Ali Shati
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, Abha 9004, Saudi Arabia; (S.E.E.); (A.S.); (K.S.); (H.A.)
| | - Kamel Saleh
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, Abha 9004, Saudi Arabia; (S.E.E.); (A.S.); (K.S.); (H.A.)
| | - Helmi Alboushnak
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, Abha 9004, Saudi Arabia; (S.E.E.); (A.S.); (K.S.); (H.A.)
| | - Heba Handoussa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, German University in Cairo, Cairo 11835, Egypt;
| | - Abdullatif Bin Muhsinah
- College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha 9004, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.); (N.G.); (J.L.); (K.V.); (S.A.); (Y.I.A.); (A.B.M.); (A.A.M.)
| | - Amira Abdel Motaal
- College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha 9004, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.); (N.G.); (J.L.); (K.V.); (S.A.); (Y.I.A.); (A.B.M.); (A.A.M.)
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13
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Duan LH, Li M, Wang CB, Wang QM, Liu QQ, Shang WF, Shen YJ, Lin ZH, Sun TY, Wu ZZ, Li YH, Wang YL, Luo X. Protective effects of organic extracts of Alpinia oxyphylla against hydrogen peroxide-induced cytotoxicity in PC12 cells. Neural Regen Res 2020; 15:682-689. [PMID: 31638092 PMCID: PMC6975140 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.266918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Alpinia oxyphylla, a traditional herb, is widely used for its neuroprotective, antioxidant and memory-improving effects. However, the neuroprotective mechanisms of action of its active ingredients are unclear. In this study, we investigated the neuroprotective effects of various organic extracts of Alpinia oxyphylla on PC12 cells exposed to hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative injury in vitro. Alpinia oxyphylla was extracted three times with 95% ethanol (representing extracts 1–3). The third 95% ethanol extract was dried and resuspended in water, and then extracted successively with petroleum ether, ethyl acetate and n-butanol (representing extracts 4–6). The cell counting kit-8 assay and microscopy were used to evaluate cell viability and observe the morphology of PC12 cells. The protective effect of the three ethanol extracts (at tested concentrations of 50, 100 and 200 µg/mL) against cytotoxicity to PC12 cells increased in a concentration-dependent manner. The ethyl acetate, petroleum ether and n-butanol extracts (each tested at 100, 150 and 200 μg/mL) had neuroprotective effects as well. The optimum effective concentration ranged from 50–200 μg/mL, and the protective effect of the ethyl acetate extract was comparatively robust. These results demonstrate that organic extracts of Alpinia oxyphylla protect PC12 cells against apoptosis induced by hydrogen peroxide. Our findings should help identify the bioactive neuroprotective components in Alpinia oxyphylla.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Hong Duan
- Shenzhen Institute of Geriatrics; Department of Rehabilitation, the Second People's Hospital of Shenzhen; Stroke Biological Recovery Laboratory, Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA; Department of Mechanical and Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region; Department of Rehabilitation, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Meng Li
- Shenzhen Institute of Geriatrics, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Chun-Bao Wang
- Shenzhen Institute of Geriatrics; Department of Rehabilitation, the Second People's Hospital of Shenzhen; Department of Rehabilitation, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen; School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province; School of Mechanical Engineering, Guangxi University of Science and Technology, Liuzhou, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region; Mingkai Smart Medical Robot Co., Ltd., Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Qing-Mei Wang
- Stroke Biological Recovery Laboratory, Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Quan-Quan Liu
- Shenzhen Institute of Geriatrics; Department of Rehabilitation, the Second People's Hospital of Shenzhen; Department of Rehabilitation, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University; Mingkai Smart Medical Robot Co., Ltd., Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Wan-Feng Shang
- Shenzhen Institute of Geriatrics; Department of Rehabilitation, the Second People's Hospital of Shenzhen; Department of Rehabilitation, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Ya-Jin Shen
- Department of Mechanical and Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Zhuo-Hua Lin
- Mingkai Smart Medical Robot Co., Ltd., Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Tong-Yang Sun
- School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Zheng-Zhi Wu
- Shenzhen Institute of Geriatrics; Department of Rehabilitation, the Second People's Hospital of Shenzhen; Department of Rehabilitation, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Ying-Hong Li
- Shenzhen Institute of Geriatrics; Department of Rehabilitation, the Second People's Hospital of Shenzhen; Department of Rehabilitation, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yu-Long Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation, the Second People's Hospital of Shenzhen; Department of Rehabilitation, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xun Luo
- Kerry Rehabilitation Medicine Research Institute, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
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14
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Szewczyk PK, Ura DP, Metwally S, Knapczyk-Korczak J, Gajek M, Marzec MM, Bernasik A, Stachewicz U. Roughness and Fiber Fraction Dominated Wetting of Electrospun Fiber-Based Porous Meshes. Polymers (Basel) 2018; 11:E34. [PMID: 30960018 PMCID: PMC6401689 DOI: 10.3390/polym11010034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Revised: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Wettability of electrospun fibers is one of the key parameters in the biomedical and filtration industry. Within this comprehensive study of contact angles on three-dimensional (3D) meshes made of electrospun fibers and films, from seven types of polymers, we clearly indicated the importance of roughness analysis. Surface chemistry was analyzed with X-ray photoelectron microscopy (XPS) and it showed no significant difference between fibers and films, confirming that the hydrophobic properties of the surfaces can be enhanced by just roughness without any chemical treatment. The surface geometry was determining factor in wetting contact angle analysis on electrospun meshes. We noted that it was very important how the geometry of electrospun surfaces was validated. The commonly used fiber diameter was not necessarily a convincing parameter unless it was correlated with the surface roughness or fraction of fibers or pores. Importantly, this study provides the guidelines to verify the surface free energy decrease with the fiber fraction for the meshes, to validate the changes in wetting contact angles. Eventually, the analysis suggested that meshes could maintain the entrapped air between fibers, decreasing surface free energies for polymers, which increased the contact angle for liquids with surface tension above the critical Wenzel level to maintain the Cassie-Baxter regime for hydrophobic surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr K Szewczyk
- International Centre of Electron Microscopy for Materials Science, Faculty of Metals Engineering and Industrial Computer Science, AGH University of Science and Technology, 30-059 Kraków, Poland.
| | - Daniel P Ura
- International Centre of Electron Microscopy for Materials Science, Faculty of Metals Engineering and Industrial Computer Science, AGH University of Science and Technology, 30-059 Kraków, Poland.
| | - Sara Metwally
- International Centre of Electron Microscopy for Materials Science, Faculty of Metals Engineering and Industrial Computer Science, AGH University of Science and Technology, 30-059 Kraków, Poland.
| | - Joanna Knapczyk-Korczak
- International Centre of Electron Microscopy for Materials Science, Faculty of Metals Engineering and Industrial Computer Science, AGH University of Science and Technology, 30-059 Kraków, Poland.
| | - Marcin Gajek
- Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, AGH University of Science and Technology, 30-059 Kraków, Poland.
| | - Mateusz M Marzec
- Academic Centre for Materials and Nanotechnology, AGH University of Science and Technology, 30-059 Kraków, Poland.
| | - Andrzej Bernasik
- Academic Centre for Materials and Nanotechnology, AGH University of Science and Technology, 30-059 Kraków, Poland.
- Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science, AGH University of Science and Technology, 30-059 Kraków, Poland.
| | - Urszula Stachewicz
- International Centre of Electron Microscopy for Materials Science, Faculty of Metals Engineering and Industrial Computer Science, AGH University of Science and Technology, 30-059 Kraków, Poland.
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15
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Zhang BC, Zhang XL, Qin LL, Huang HO. [Control of Coagulant Dosing for Humic Substances Based on Ultraviolet Spectrum Analysis]. Huan Jing Ke Xue 2018; 39:4576-4583. [PMID: 30229605 DOI: 10.13227/j.hjkx.201801187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Humic substance (HS) is a main component of dissolved organic matter in the aquatic environment and significantly affects water treatment processes. To investigate the applicability and principle of UV spectrum analysis for coagulation control, laboratory jar tests were conducted with synthetic waters that had varying concentrations of HS and kaolinite. Thus, the influence of water quality conditions on the optimal coagulant dose (OCD) was determined and further correlated to Specific Ultraviolet Absorbance (SUVA254) and the ultraviolet spectral slopes of the coagulated water. Subsequently, the relationship between the UV spectral slopes and organic fractionation was further identified by using size exclusion chromatography (SEC). The results showed that the coagulant demands of the synthetic waters were positively related to dissolved organic carbon (DOC). Consequently, a stoichiometric relationship (0.61 mg·mg-1 calculated as Al/DOC) was found between the coagulant demand and initial DOC of the synthetic water. As the coagulant dose increased, SUVA254 decreased from 8.9 L·(mg·m)-1 to a steady level of 2.0 L·(mg·m)-1 and the removal efficiency of DOC was positively correlated with SUVA254. Spectral slopes in different wavelength ranges had showed similar tendencies, with S275-295 having the best correlation with SUVA254 (R2=0.81). Furthermore, SEC results demonstrated that coagulation preferentially removed humic substances, leading to reduced humification. As a result, S275-295 had the highest correlation with the portion of UVA254 contributed by humic substances in water. Therefore, online measurement of ultraviolet spectral slopes was an important aspect in the control of coagulant dosing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bei-Chen Zhang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Xiao-Lei Zhang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Lan-Lan Qin
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Hai-Ou Huang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
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16
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Li F, Xu YM, Wang L, Liang XF, Sun YB, Ji YN, Luan RY. [Characteristics of Heavy Metals in Chicken Manure Organic Fertilizers in the Huang-Huai-Hai Region and related Environmental Risk Assessment]. Huan Jing Ke Xue 2018; 39:4375-4384. [PMID: 30188083 DOI: 10.13227/j.hjkx.201711152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
One hundred and twenty types of chicken manure organic fertilizer samples were collected from five provinces and two cities in the Huang-Huai-Hai region, to investigate heavy metal content, fractionation, and environmental risk through toxicity characteristic leaching procedures. Results showed that content of heavy metals in chicken manure organic fertilizer varied greatly, in the order of Zn > Cu > Pb > As > Cd. When compared with the standard for organic manure, ratios of Cd, As, and Pb exceeded the standard by 6.7%, 47.05%, and 14.28%, respectively. Moreover, the content of heavy metals varied significantly in different provinces. Cd and Zn in organic manure fertilizers were mainly Fe and Mn oxide-bound fractions, accounting for 37.3% and 43.79%, respectively. However, the proportion of residual fractions of Pb, organically-bound fractions of Cu, and exchangeable forms of As were higher. Contents of TCLP-Zn,-Cu,-Cd,-Pb and-As in organic manure were 41.11, 33.3, 0.07, 1.25, and 0.21 mg·kg-1, respectively. The number of samples in which Zn and Pb in organic manure exceeded the standard was 6 and 5, respectively, with these mainly obtained from Hebei and Jiangsu provinces. There was a significant correlation between total content of Zn, Cu, Cd, and As in organic manure and content of TCLP (P<0.05). Based on an annual manure application rate of chicken manure of 15 t·hm-2, safe application of chicken manure is in the order of Henan > Tianjin > Anhui=Shandong=Jiangsu > Hebei > Beijin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fa Li
- College of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China.,Key Laboratory of Original Environmental Pollution Prevention and Control, Ministry of Agriculture/Tianjin Key Laborary of Agro-Environment and Agro-Product, Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture, Tianjin 300191, China
| | - Ying-Ming Xu
- Key Laboratory of Original Environmental Pollution Prevention and Control, Ministry of Agriculture/Tianjin Key Laborary of Agro-Environment and Agro-Product, Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture, Tianjin 300191, China
| | - Lin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Original Environmental Pollution Prevention and Control, Ministry of Agriculture/Tianjin Key Laborary of Agro-Environment and Agro-Product, Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture, Tianjin 300191, China
| | - Xue-Feng Liang
- Key Laboratory of Original Environmental Pollution Prevention and Control, Ministry of Agriculture/Tianjin Key Laborary of Agro-Environment and Agro-Product, Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture, Tianjin 300191, China
| | - Yue-Bing Sun
- Key Laboratory of Original Environmental Pollution Prevention and Control, Ministry of Agriculture/Tianjin Key Laborary of Agro-Environment and Agro-Product, Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture, Tianjin 300191, China
| | - Yi-Ning Ji
- College of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China.,Key Laboratory of Original Environmental Pollution Prevention and Control, Ministry of Agriculture/Tianjin Key Laborary of Agro-Environment and Agro-Product, Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture, Tianjin 300191, China
| | - Run-Yu Luan
- College of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China.,Key Laboratory of Original Environmental Pollution Prevention and Control, Ministry of Agriculture/Tianjin Key Laborary of Agro-Environment and Agro-Product, Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture, Tianjin 300191, China
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17
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Yoon SY, Lee DY, Kim OY, Lee SY, Hur SJ. Development of Commercially Viable Method of Conjugated Linoleic Acid Synthesis Using Linoleic Acid Fraction Obtained from Pork By-products. Korean J Food Sci Anim Resour 2018; 38:693-702. [PMID: 30206428 PMCID: PMC6131374 DOI: 10.5851/kosfa.2018.e6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Revised: 06/05/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to develop a commercially viable method for synthesis of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) using the linoleic acid fraction obtained from six pork by-products (liver, lung, heart, stomach, small intestine, and large intestine). The workflow of CLA synthesis from each by-product was as follows: washing→crude fat extraction→fractionation into saturated and unsaturated fatty acids→repeat unsaturated fatty acid fractionation→CLA synthesis. Cis-9, trans-11, and trans-10, cis-12 CLA was synthesized from pork by-products. The yield of CLA synthesis of pork by-products ranged from 1.55 to 11.18 g per 100 g of by-products. The amount of synthesized CLA was the highest in the small intestine and large intestine by-products. Fractionation of pork by-products nearly doubled the yield of CLA. We suggest that commercial fractionation methods could increase the yield of CLA at low cost, reduce waste, and improve the efficiency of by-product utilization.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Sun Jin Hur
- Corresponding Author : Sun Jin Hur
Department of Animal Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong
17546, Korea Tel: +82-31-670-4673 Fax:
+82-31-675-3108 E-mail:
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18
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Ma YL, Ma J, Chen YL, Lei M, Guo HM, Weng LP, Li YT. [Arsenic Adsorption and Its Species on Ferrihydrite and Ferrihydrite Colloid]. Huan Jing Ke Xue 2018; 39:179-186. [PMID: 29965680 DOI: 10.13227/j.hjkx.201706248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Batch experiments were conducted to investigate the adsorption kinetics and adsorption isotherms of As(Ⅲ) and As(Ⅴ) on ferrihydrite and its colloid. A sequential extraction technique and As speciation extraction were used to assess the chemically bound fractions of As and As species in solids, respectively. The kinetic and isotherm data showed that the adsorption was multilevel and readily occurred. The adsorption of As(Ⅲ) and As(Ⅴ) on the ferrihydrite colloid was 194.8 g·kg-1 and 107.3 g·kg-1, respectively, which was higher than that on ferrihydrite (155.2 g·kg-1 and 104.4 g·kg-1). The specifically adsorbed As, amorphous oxide bound As, and crystalline oxide bound As were the major fractions of adsorbed As on ferrihydrite and its colloid. The residual As was absorbed on the ferrihydrite surface instead of on the ferrihydrite colloid. Therefore, As adsorption on ferrihydrite was much stronger than that on ferrihydrite colloid. The ferrihydrite and ferrihydrite colloid could not reduce As(Ⅴ) to As(Ⅲ).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ling Ma
- Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture, Tianjin 300191, China
| | - Jie Ma
- Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture, Tianjin 300191, China.,College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Ya-Li Chen
- Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture, Tianjin 300191, China
| | - Mei Lei
- Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Hua-Ming Guo
- School of Water Resources and Environment, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Li-Ping Weng
- Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture, Tianjin 300191, China
| | - Yong-Tao Li
- Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture, Tianjin 300191, China.,College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
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19
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Van Hoof J, Verschaffel L, Van Dooren W. Number sense in the transition from natural to rational numbers. Br J Educ Psychol 2016; 87:43-56. [PMID: 27796031 DOI: 10.1111/bjep.12134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2014] [Revised: 09/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rational numbers are of critical importance both in mathematics and in other fields of science. However, they form a stumbling block for learners. One widely known source of the difficulty learners have with rational numbers is the natural number bias, that is the tendency to (inappropriately) apply natural number properties in rational number tasks. Still, it has been shown that a good understanding of natural numbers is highly predictive for mathematics achievement in general, and for performance on rational number tasks in particular. AIMS In this study, we further investigated the relation between learners' natural and rational number knowledge, specifically in cases where a natural number bias may lead to errors. SAMPLE Participants were 140 sixth graders from six different primary schools. METHOD Participants completed a symbolic and a non-symbolic natural number comparison task, a number line estimation task, and a rational number sense test. RESULTS Learners' natural number knowledge was found to be a good predictor of their rational number knowledge. However, after first controlling for learners' general mathematics achievement, their natural number knowledge only predicted the subaspect of operations with rational numbers. CONCLUSION The results of this study suggest that the relation between learners' natural and rational number knowledge can largely be explained by their relation with learners' general mathematics achievement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jo Van Hoof
- Centre for Instructional Psychology and Technology, University of Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lieven Verschaffel
- Centre for Instructional Psychology and Technology, University of Leuven, Belgium
| | - Wim Van Dooren
- Centre for Instructional Psychology and Technology, University of Leuven, Belgium
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20
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Li D, He XS, Xi BD, Gao RT, Zhang H, Huang CH, Dang QL. [Composition and Evolution Characteristics of Dissolved Organic Matter During Composting Process]. Huan Jing Ke Xue 2016; 37:3660-3669. [PMID: 29964805 DOI: 10.13227/j.hjkx.2016.09.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
According to the fraction method presented by Leenheer, dissolved organic matter (DOM) extracted from chicken manure with different composting time was fractionated into five groups [i. e., hydrophobic acid (HOA), hydrophobic base (HOB), hydrophobic neutral (HON) fractions, acid-insoluble (AIM) and hydrophilic matter (HIM)] using the XAD-8 resin based on its polarity and electric charge characteristics. The composition and structures of these fractions were investigated by elemental analysis, FTIR and 1H-NMR spectra. The results showed that the HIM and HOA fractions accounted for 32%-44% and 35%-47% of DOM, respectively, during the composting process, while the sum of the fractions HOB, AIM and HON was responsible for less than 25% of DOM. The HIM content decreased while the hydrophobic component increased after composting. The elemental analysis indicated that, during the composting process, the N, C, S content of all five fractions increased, the H/C ratio decreased, but the humification degree increased; The result from 1H-NMR analysis showed that the HIM had low alkyl chain, short branched chain, high branches and carbohydrate structure, which was opposed to the HON fraction. The composition of AIM was similar to that of humic acids, while the HOB was rich in nitrogen-containing compounds. The result from the FTIR analysis showed that the HOA and HOB fractions were rich in abundant carboxyl, ester group and hydroxyl functional group. Besides the above functional groups, the AIM and HIM were rich in benzene groups. The HON fraction was rich in aliphatic functional group except for the abovementioned functional groups. The aliphatic functional group was degraded and the benzene functional group after composting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China.,Innovation Base of Groundwater and Environmental System Engineering, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Xiao-Song He
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China.,Innovation Base of Groundwater and Environmental System Engineering, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Bei-Dou Xi
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China.,Innovation Base of Groundwater and Environmental System Engineering, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China.,School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Ru-Tai Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China.,Innovation Base of Groundwater and Environmental System Engineering, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China.,Innovation Base of Groundwater and Environmental System Engineering, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Cai-Hong Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China.,Innovation Base of Groundwater and Environmental System Engineering, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Qiu-Ling Dang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China.,Innovation Base of Groundwater and Environmental System Engineering, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
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Younoussa L, Nukenine EN, Esimone CO. Toxicity of Boswellia dalzielii (Burseraceae) Leaf Fractions Against Immature Stages of Anopheles gambiae (Giles) and Culex quinquefasciatus (Say) (Diptera: Culicidae). Int J Insect Sci 2016; 8:23-31. [PMID: 27279752 PMCID: PMC4886752 DOI: 10.4137/ijis.s37188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2015] [Revised: 04/07/2016] [Accepted: 04/07/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Mosquitoes are vectors of several human pathogens, and great attention has recently been placed on insecticides from plant-derived products, in search for mosquito control agents. This study, thus, investigated the potency of Boswellia dalzielii methanol leaf extract and its four fractions as mosquito ovicide, larvicide, and pupicide against Anopheles gambiae and Culex quinquefasciatus. The plant products were tested at the following concentrations: 125, 250, 500, 1000, and 2000 ppm on eggs and 312.5, 625, 1250, and 2500 ppm on the larvae and pupae of the mosquitoes. For results, hatchability of A. gambiae eggs was reduced to 5% with n-hexane fraction at 2000 ppm. Among the plant products tested, n-hexane fraction was most toxic against A. gambiae (LC50 = 385.9 ppm) and C. quinquefasciatus (LC50 = 3394.9 ppm). The n-hexane fraction of B. dalzielii might be used as a mosquitocidal agent in the breeding sites of A. gambiae and C. quinquefasciatus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lame Younoussa
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Ngaoundere, Ngaoundere, Cameroon
| | - Elias Nchiwan Nukenine
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Ngaoundere, Ngaoundere, Cameroon
| | - Charles Okechukwu Esimone
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria
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Ghia AJ, Chang EL, Bishop AJ, Pan HY, Boehling NS, Amini B, Allen PK, Li J, Rhines LD, Tannir NM, Tatsui CE, Brown PD, Yang JN. Single- fraction versus multifraction spinal stereotactic radiosurgery for spinal metastases from renal cell carcinoma: secondary analysis of Phase I/II trials. J Neurosurg Spine 2016; 24:829-36. [PMID: 26799117 DOI: 10.3171/2015.8.spine15844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to compare fractionation schemes and outcomes of patients with renal cell carcinoma (RCC) treated in institutional prospective spinal stereotactic radiosurgery (SSRS) trials who did not previously undergo radiation treatment at the site of the SSRS. METHODS Patients enrolled in 2 separate institutional prospective protocols and treated with SSRS between 2002 and 2011 were included. A secondary analysis was performed on patients with previously nonirradiated RCC spinal metastases treated with either single-fraction (SF) or multifraction (MF) SSRS. RESULTS SSRS was performed in 47 spinal sites on 43 patients. The median age of the patients was 62 years (range 38-75 years). The most common histological subtype was clear cell (n = 30). Fifteen sites underwent surgery prior to the SSRS, with laminectomy the most common procedure performed (n = 10). All SF SSRS was delivered to a dose of 24 Gy (n = 21) while MF regiments were either 27 Gy in 3 fractions (n = 20) or 30 Gy in 5 fractions (n = 6). The median overall survival duration for the entire cohort was 22.8 months. The median local control (LC) for the entire cohort was 80.6 months with 1-year and 2-year actuarial LC rates of 82% and 68%, respectively. Single-fraction SSRS correlated with improved 1- and 2-year actuarial LC relative to MF SSRS (95% vs 71% and 86% vs 55%, respectively; p = 0.009). On competing risk analysis, SF SSRS showed superior LC to MF SSRS (subhazard ratio [SHR] 6.57, p = 0.014). On multivariate analysis for LC with tumor volume (p = 0.272), number of treated levels (p = 0.819), gross tumor volume (GTV) coverage (p = 0.225), and GTV minimum point dose (p = 0.97) as covariates, MF SSRS remained inferior to SF SSRS (SHR 5.26, p = 0.033) CONCLUSIONS SSRS offers durable LC for spinal metastases from RCC. Single-fraction SSRS is associated with improved LC over MF SSRS for previously nonirradiated RCC spinal metastases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eric L Chang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, USC Norris Cancer Center, Los Angeles, California
| | | | | | | | - Behrang Amini
- Radiology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas; and
| | | | - Jing Li
- Departments of 1 Radiation Oncology
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Danga SPY, Nukenine EN, Younoussa L, Adler C, Esimone CO. Efficacy of Plectranthus glandulosus (Lamiaceae) and Callistemon rigidus (Myrtaceae) Leaf Extract Fractions to Callosobruchus maculatus (Coleoptera: Bruchidae). J Insect Sci 2015; 15:139. [PMID: 26443776 PMCID: PMC4626673 DOI: 10.1093/jisesa/iev117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2015] [Accepted: 09/01/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
As part of on-going efforts to use eco-friendly alternatives to chemical pesticides, methanol crude extracts of Plectranthus glandulosus and Callistemon rigidus leaves were sequentially fractionated in hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, and methanol to establish the most active fraction(s) against Callosobruchus maculatus in cowpea. Cowpea seeds (25 g) were treated with 0.5, 1, 2, and 4 g/kg of extract to evaluate the contact toxicity and F1 progeny production of the beetles in the laboratory. Mortality was recorded 1, 3, and 7 d postexposure. P. glandulosus hexane fraction was more toxic than the other fractions recording 100% mortality at 4 g/kg, within 7 d with LC50 of 0.39 g/kg. Hexane fraction of C. rigidus showed superior toxicity, causing 100% mortality at 4 g/kg within only 1 d of exposure with LC50 of 1.02 g/kg. All the fractions greatly reduced progeny emergence, with C. rigidus hexane fraction being the best progeny inhibitor. Fractions of P. glandulosus and C. rigidus leaves had sufficient efficacy to be a component of storage pest management package for C. maculatus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Pierre Yinyang Danga
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Ngaoundere, PO Box 454, Ngaoundere, Cameroon
| | - Elias Nchiwan Nukenine
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Ngaoundere, PO Box 454, Ngaoundere, Cameroon
| | - Lame Younoussa
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Ngaoundere, PO Box 454, Ngaoundere, Cameroon
| | - Cornel Adler
- Federal Biological Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry (BBA), Institute of Stored Product Protection, Königin-Luise-Str. 19, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Charles Okechukwu Esimone
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology & Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Agulu, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, PMB 5025, Awka, Anambra State, Nigeria
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Abstract
Semen samples from 40 patients were collected in consecutive fractions. The variability in semen quality of each fraction was then determined. The first ejaculated fraction (FEF) primarily contained prostatic secretions, while the second ejaculate fraction (SEF) held the majority of the spermatozoa suspended in the secretions from the seminal vesicle. Differences in sperm quality were observed when the FEF was compared to the SEF and the total ejaculate fraction (TEF). These included the seminal parameters (volume, sperm concentration, motility) and sperm DNA fragmentation (SDF). When compared to TEF and SEF, the FEF presented a lower volume, higher sperm concentration, higher motility rates, and lower SDF. The data suggest that the first fraction renders an improved subpopulation of spermatozoa, with lower SDF. Spermatozoa from this fraction and hence their use for ART may have a positive effect on fertilization and embryo development.
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Xu C, Yang C, Mao D. Fraction and chemical analysis of antioxidant active polysaccharide isolated from flue-cured tobacco leaves. Pharmacogn Mag 2014; 10:66-9. [PMID: 24696548 PMCID: PMC3969661 DOI: 10.4103/0973-1296.126664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2013] [Revised: 07/24/2013] [Accepted: 02/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The metabolic compounds from tobacco were investigated to posses various biological activities, such as antioxidant, antimicrobial and neuroprotective activities. MATERIALS AND METHODS Polysaccharides were isolated from the ultrasound-assisted extraction of flue-cured tobacco with hot water. The purified polysaccharides were analyzed by GC-MS, FT-IR, and TGA (Thermogravimetric analysis). The antioxidant activities of purified polysaccharides were evaluated in vitro. RESULTS Two polysaccharides (Fr-I and Fr-II) were isolated and purified. The analysis of monosaccharide composition in the polysaccharide by GC/MS revealed that Fr-I and Fr-II were heteropolysaccharides. Fr-I consisted of D-mannose and galactose, ribose and arabinose, while Fr-II was mainly composed of glucose, allose, galactose and mannose. Thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA) indicated that the degradation temperature (Td) of the Fr-I (241 °C) was higher than that of Fr-II (220 °C). Both samples showed inhibitory effects on OH (hydroxyl) and DPPH (2, 2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl-hydrate) radical in a concentration-dependent manner. Comparing Fr-I with Fr-II, the latter has a strong scavenging ability. CONCLUSION Both polysaccharide fractions showed significant antioxidant effects. Various factors influenced the antioxidant activity of polysaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunping Xu
- Department of Tobacco Engineering, College of Food and Biological Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou, Henan, P.R. China
| | - Chenchen Yang
- Department of Tobacco Engineering, College of Food and Biological Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou, Henan, P.R. China
| | - Duobin Mao
- Department of Tobacco Engineering, College of Food and Biological Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou, Henan, P.R. China
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Akazawa D, Moriyama M, Yokokawa H, Omi N, Watanabe N, Date T, Morikawa K, Aizaki H, Ishii K, Kato T, Mochizuki H, Nakamura N, Wakita T. Neutralizing antibodies induced by cell culture-derived hepatitis C virus protect against infection in mice. Gastroenterology 2013; 145:447-55.e1-4. [PMID: 23673355 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2013.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2012] [Revised: 04/30/2013] [Accepted: 05/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a major cause of liver cancer, so strategies to prevent infection are needed. A system for cell culture of infectious HCV particles (HCVcc) has recently been established; the inactivated HCVcc particles might be used as antigens in vaccine development. We aimed to confirm the potential of HCVcc as an HCV particle vaccine. METHODS HCVcc derived from the J6/JFH-1 chimeric genome was purified from cultured cells by ultrafiltration and ultracentrifugation purification steps. Purified HCV particles were inactivated and injected into female BALB/c mice with adjuvant. Sera from immunized mice were collected and their ability to neutralize HCV was examined in naive Huh7.5.1 cells and urokinase-type plasminogen activator-severe combined immunodeficiency mice (uPA(+/+)-SCID mice) given transplants of human hepatocytes (humanized livers). RESULTS Antibodies against HCV envelope proteins were detected in the sera of immunized mice; these sera inhibited infection of cultured cells with HCV genotypes 1a, 1b, and 2a. Immunoglobulin G purified from the sera of HCV-particle-immunized mice (iHCV-IgG) inhibited HCV infection of cultured cells. Injection of IgG from the immunized mice into uPA(+/+)-SCID mice with humanized livers prevented infection with the minimum infectious dose of HCV. CONCLUSIONS Inactivated HCV particles derived from cultured cells protect chimeric liver uPA(+/+)-SCID mice against HCV infection, and might be used in the development of a prophylactic vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Akazawa
- Pharmaceutical Research Laboratories, Toray Industries, Inc, Kanagawa, Japan
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Vetter A, Argüello A, Baumrucker C, Bruckmaier RM. Short communication: Fractional milking distribution of immunoglobulin G and other constituents in colostrum. J Dairy Sci 2013; 96:5919-22. [PMID: 23810595 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2013-6745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2013] [Accepted: 05/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The provision of quality colostrum with a high concentration of immunoglobulins is critical for newborn calf health. Because first colostrum may be low in overall concentration to effectively reduce the risk of newborn infections, we tested equivalent milking fractions of colostrum for possible IgG differences. The objective of this study was to determine if the fractional composition of colostrum changes during the course of milking with a focus on immunoglobulins. Twenty-four Holstein and Simmental cows were milked (first colostrum) within 4h after calving. The colostrum of 1 gland per animal was assembled into 4 percentage fractions over the course of milking: 0 to 25%, 25 to 50%, 50 to 75%, and 75 to 100%. The IgG concentration among the various fractions did not change in any significant pattern. Concentration of protein, casein, lactose and somatic cell count remained the same or exhibited only minor changes during the course of fractional milking colostrum. We determined that no benefit exists in feeding any particular fraction of colostrum to the newborn.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Vetter
- Veterinary Physiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern 2012, Switzerland
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Nwodo UU, Ngene AA, Anaga AO, Chigor VN, Henrietta II, Okoh AI. Acute toxicity and hepatotoxicokinetic studies of Tamarindus indica extract. Molecules 2011; 16:7415-27. [PMID: 21881543 PMCID: PMC6264336 DOI: 10.3390/molecules16097415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2011] [Revised: 08/24/2011] [Accepted: 08/29/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Tamarindus indica is widely used as a food and beverage and in traditional medicine. The apparent lack of dose standardization in herbal medicine necessitates the evaluation of the lethality T. indica on Artemia salina nauplii and chicken embryos via in vitro and in vivo techniques. Furthermore, hepatotoxicokinetics of the crude extract and fractions on Wister rats was also assessed. At concentrations of 200, 20 and 2 µg/mL, crude extract and fractions showed brine shrimp death percentages ranging from 86.70% to 3.30% and the sub-fractions showed death percentage ranges of 46.70% to 3.30%. Calculated LD₅₀ values ranged from 832 µg/mL to 5,019 µg/mL. Dosing Wister rats with 25% and 50% concentration of LD₅₀ determined for crude extract and fractions on chicken embryos showed an elevation in the ALT and AST levels in the serum. Brine shrimps and chicken embryos showed a positive correlation, with R² values of 0.541 and 0.588 (P ≤ 0.05) for fractions and subfractions, respectively, as media for the lethality assay. Dose standardization in folk herbal medicine is imperative as T. indica used as food and medicine has been shown to be toxic at high doses. Brine shrimp and chicken embryos may be comparably used as medium for toxicity assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uchechukwu U. Nwodo
- Applied and Environmental Microbiology Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Fort Hare, Private Bag 1314, Alice, 5700 Eastern Cape, South Africa; E-Mails: (V.N.C.); (I.I.H.); (A.I.O.)
| | - Augustine A. Ngene
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, 410002, Enugu State, Nigeria; E-Mail: (A.A.N.)
| | - Aruh O. Anaga
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, 410002, Enugu State, Nigeria; E-Mail: (A.O.A.)
| | - Vincent N. Chigor
- Applied and Environmental Microbiology Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Fort Hare, Private Bag 1314, Alice, 5700 Eastern Cape, South Africa; E-Mails: (V.N.C.); (I.I.H.); (A.I.O.)
| | - Igbinosa I. Henrietta
- Applied and Environmental Microbiology Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Fort Hare, Private Bag 1314, Alice, 5700 Eastern Cape, South Africa; E-Mails: (V.N.C.); (I.I.H.); (A.I.O.)
| | - Anthony I. Okoh
- Applied and Environmental Microbiology Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Fort Hare, Private Bag 1314, Alice, 5700 Eastern Cape, South Africa; E-Mails: (V.N.C.); (I.I.H.); (A.I.O.)
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Yarmolinsky L, Zaccai M, Ben-Shabat S, Huleihel M. Anti-Herpetic Activity of Callissia fragrans and Simmondsia chinensis Leaf Extracts In Vitro. Open Virol J 2010; 4:57-62. [PMID: 20700398 PMCID: PMC2918872 DOI: 10.2174/1874357901004010057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2010] [Revised: 04/09/2010] [Accepted: 04/15/2010] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The antiviral activity of Callissia fragrans and Simnondsia chinensis aquatic and ethanol leaf extracts, as well as purified fractions from these extracts was studied against herpetic viruses in vitro. Ethanol extract of C. fragrans effectively inhibited the infection of Vero cells by HSV-1, HSV-2 in vitro, while its aquatic extract inhibited only VZV. Although S. chinensis leaf extract strongly inhibited all studied viruses, the selectivity index of this extract was very low, due to its high toxicity. However, the majority of its fractions showed low toxicity and higher antiviral activity and therefore very high SI. Strong interactions between virus and extracts were found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludmila Yarmolinsky
- Department of Virology and Developmenral Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
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Ostensson K. Variations during lactation in total and differential leukocyte counts, N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase, antitrypsin and serum albumin in foremilk and residual milk from non-infected quarters in the bovine. Acta Vet Scand 1993; 34:83-93. [PMID: 8342469 PMCID: PMC8112491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Quarter samples of foremilk and residual milk were taken approximately every second week from 2 days post partum (pp) throughout lactation month 9, from 5 dairy cows in their second lactation period. Bacteriologically positive milk samples were excluded. The aim was to study the variation in total and differential leukocyte counts, N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase (NAGase), antitrypsin (ATR) and serum albumin (BSA) in milk during the lactation period and different stages of oestrous cycle. Also the between milkings variation was studied from lactation month 4 to 9. At 2 days pp, each fraction of milk contained significantly higher numbers of leukocytes and had a higher activity of NAGase and ATR than later in the lactation period. In foremilk the highest content of BSA was also recorded at 2 days pp. From lactation month 2 to 9, stage of lactation had, in general, a slight effect on the variation in the variables measured. The total leukocyte count in residual milk tended to increase as lactation proceeded. The proportion of monocyte-macrophages in foremilk was significantly decreased during the last 4 months. NAGase and BSA in both fractions and ATR in residual milk increased significantly towards the end of the lactation period. From lactation month 4 to 9 the highest recorded ranges of variation between milkings, within quarter and stage of lactation, in the total leukocyte count, proportions of neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocyte-macrophages, NAGase, ATR and BSA in foremilk were 215 x 10(3)/ml, 42%, 34%, 54%, 6.68 units, 0.36 units and 0.14 mg/ml respectively. The corresponding figures in residual milk were higher except for the variation in BSA which was slightly lower in residual milk than in foremilk. In residual milk there was a positive correlation between the proportion of neutrophils and the total leukocyte count, when calculated on data from all cows and the entire experimental period. During the oestrous periods, the proportion of neutrophils in residual milk was higher than during the dioestrous periods. Foremilk and residual milk differed in the total as well as the differential leukocyte counts in all the various stages of lactation, whereas the contents of NAGase, ATR and BSA were equal in both fractions. The exception was 2 days pp when the proportions of lymphocytes were equal in both fractions and BSA-significantly higher in foremilk than in residual milk.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Ostensson
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala
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Wagner HL, Verdier PH. The Characterization of Linear Polyethylene SRM's 1482, 1483, and 1484. IV. Limiting Viscosity Numbers by Capillary Viscometry. J Res Natl Bur Stand (1977) 1978; 83:195-201. [PMID: 34565981 PMCID: PMC6752175 DOI: 10.6028/jres.083.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Linear polyethylene Standard Reference Materials SRM 1482, 1483, and 1484 are certified for limiting viscosity number in 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene and 1-chloronaphthalene at 130 °C. In this paper the experimental procedures employed for the determination of limiting viscosity numbers for these materials by capillary viscometry are described, and the techniques used to analyze the data and to estimate limits of systematic error are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Herman L Wagner
- Institute for Materials Research, National Bureau of Standards, Washington, D.C. 20234
| | - Peter H Verdier
- Institute for Materials Research, National Bureau of Standards, Washington, D.C. 20234
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