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Bózsity N, Nagy V, Szabó J, Pálházi B, Kele Z, Resch V, Paragi G, Zupkó I, Minorics R, Mernyák E. Synthesis of Estrone Heterodimers and Evaluation of Their In Vitro Antiproliferative Activity. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4274. [PMID: 38673860 PMCID: PMC11050183 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25084274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2024] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Directed structural modifications of natural products offer excellent opportunities to develop selectively acting drug candidates. Natural product hybrids represent a particular compound group. The components of hybrids constructed from different molecular entities may result in synergic action with diminished side effects. Steroidal homo- or heterodimers deserve special attention owing to their potentially high anticancer effect. Inspired by our recently described antiproliferative core-modified estrone derivatives, here, we combined them into heterodimers via Cu(I)-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition reactions. The two trans-16-azido-3-(O-benzyl)-17-hydroxy-13α-estrone derivatives were reacted with 3-O-propargyl-D-secoestrone alcohol or oxime. The antiproliferative activities of the four newly synthesized dimers were evaluated against a panel of human adherent gynecological cancer cell lines (cervical: Hela, SiHa, C33A; breast: MCF-7, T47D, MDA-MB-231, MDA-MB-361; ovarian: A2780). One heterodimer (12) exerted substantial antiproliferative activity against all investigated cell lines in the submicromolar or low micromolar range. A pronounced proapoptotic effect was observed by fluorescent double staining and flow cytometry on three cervical cell lines. Additionally, cell cycle blockade in the G2/M phase was detected, which might be a consequence of the effect of the dimer on tubulin polymerization. Computational calculations on the taxoid binding site of tubulin revealed potential binding of both steroidal building blocks, mainly with hydrophobic interactions and water bridges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noémi Bózsity
- Institute of Pharmacodynamics and Biopharmacy, University of Szeged, Eötvös u. 6, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary; (N.B.); (V.N.)
| | - Viktória Nagy
- Institute of Pharmacodynamics and Biopharmacy, University of Szeged, Eötvös u. 6, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary; (N.B.); (V.N.)
| | - Johanna Szabó
- Department of Analytical and Molecular Chemistry, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 8, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary; (J.S.); (B.P.)
| | - Balázs Pálházi
- Department of Analytical and Molecular Chemistry, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 8, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary; (J.S.); (B.P.)
| | - Zoltán Kele
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 8, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary; (Z.K.); (V.R.); (G.P.)
| | - Vivien Resch
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 8, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary; (Z.K.); (V.R.); (G.P.)
| | - Gábor Paragi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 8, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary; (Z.K.); (V.R.); (G.P.)
- Institute of Physics, University of Pécs, Ifjúság útja 6, H-7625 Pécs, Hungary
- Department of Theoretical Physics, University of Szeged, Tisza Lajos krt. 84-86, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - István Zupkó
- Institute of Pharmacodynamics and Biopharmacy, University of Szeged, Eötvös u. 6, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary; (N.B.); (V.N.)
| | - Renáta Minorics
- Institute of Pharmacodynamics and Biopharmacy, University of Szeged, Eötvös u. 6, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary; (N.B.); (V.N.)
| | - Erzsébet Mernyák
- Department of Analytical and Molecular Chemistry, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 8, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary; (J.S.); (B.P.)
- Institute of Pharmacognosy, University of Szeged, Eötvös u. 6, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
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Chambers C, Chitwood B, Smith CJ, Miao Y. Elevating theranostics: The emergence and promise of radiopharmaceutical cell-targeting heterodimers in human cancers. iRadiology 2024; 2:128-155. [PMID: 38708130 PMCID: PMC11067702 DOI: 10.1002/ird3.62] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
Optimal therapeutic and diagnostic efficacy is essential for healthcare's global mission of advancing oncologic drug development. Accurate diagnosis and detection are crucial prerequisites for effective risk stratification and personalized patient care in clinical oncology. A paradigm shift is emerging with the promise of multi-receptor-targeting compounds. While existing detection and staging methods have demonstrated some success, the traditional approach of monotherapy is being reevaluated to enhance therapeutic effectiveness. Heterodimeric site-specific agents are a versatile solution by targeting two distinct biomarkers with a single theranostic agent. This review describes the innovation of dual-targeting compounds, examining their design strategies, therapeutic implications, and the promising path they present for addressing complex diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Chambers
- Molecular Imaging and Theranostics Center, Columbia, Missouri, USA
- Research Division, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans’ Hospital, Columbia, Missouri, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Broc Chitwood
- Molecular Imaging and Theranostics Center, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Charles J. Smith
- Molecular Imaging and Theranostics Center, Columbia, Missouri, USA
- Research Division, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans’ Hospital, Columbia, Missouri, USA
- Department of Radiology, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri, USA
- University of Missouri Research Reactor Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Yubin Miao
- Department of Radiology, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado, USA
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Du Y, Kobashigawa Y, Okazaki K, Ogawa M, Kawaguchi T, Sato T, Morioka H. Structure-based design, biophysical characterization, and biochemical application of the heterodimeric affinity purification tag based on the Schistosoma japonicum glutathione-S-transferase (SjGST) homodimer. J Biochem 2024:mvae028. [PMID: 38471515 DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvae028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Schistosoma japonicum glutathione-S-transferase (SjGST), so-called GST-tag, is one of the most widely used protein tags for the purification of recombinant proteins by affinity chromatography. Attachment of SjGST enables the purification of a protein of interest (POI) using commercially available glutathione-immobilizing resins. Here we produced an SjGST mutant pair that forms heterodimers by adjusting the salt bridge pairs in the homodimer interface of SjGST. A molecular dynamics study confirmed that the SjGST mutant pair did not disrupt the heterodimer formation. The modified SjGST protein pair coexpressed in E. coli was purified by glutathione-immobilized resin. The stability of the heterodimeric form of the SjGST mutant pair was further confirmed by size exclusion chromatography. Surface plasmon resonance measurements unveiled the selective formation of heterodimers within the pair, accompanied by a significant suppression of homodimerization. The heterodimeric SjGST exhibited enzymatic activity in assays employing a commercially available fluorescent substrate. By fusing one member of the heterodimeric SjGST pair with a fluorescent protein and the other with the POI, we were able to conveniently and sensitively detect protein-protein interactions using fluorescence spectroscopy in the pull-down assays. Thus, utilization of the heterodimeric SjGST would be a useful tag for protein science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Du
- Department of Analytical and Biophysical Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Kobashigawa
- Department of Analytical and Biophysical Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan
| | - Kyo Okazaki
- Department of Analytical and Biophysical Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan
| | - Mizuki Ogawa
- Department of Analytical and Biophysical Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Kawaguchi
- Department of Analytical and Biophysical Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan
| | - Takashi Sato
- Department of Analytical and Biophysical Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Morioka
- Department of Analytical and Biophysical Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan
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Mikheeva SA, Funk CC, Horner PJ, Rostomily RC, Mikheev AM. Novel TCF4:TCF12 heterodimer inhibits glioblastoma growth. Mol Oncol 2024; 18:517-527. [PMID: 37507199 PMCID: PMC10920085 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.13496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
TWIST1 (TW) is a pro-oncogenic basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factor and promotes the hallmark features of malignancy (e.g., cell invasion, cancer cell stemness, and treatment resistance), which contribute to poor prognoses of glioblastoma (GBM). We previously reported that specific TW dimerization motifs regulate unique cellular phenotypes in GBM. For example, the TW:E12 heterodimer increases periostin (POSTN) expression and promotes cell invasion. TW dimer-specific transcriptional regulation requires binding to the regulatory E-box consensus sequences, but alternative bHLH dimers that balance TW dimer activity in regulating pro-oncogenic TW target genes are unknown. We leveraged the ENCODE DNase I hypersensitivity data to identify E-box sites and tethered TW:E12 and TW:TW proteins to validate dimer binding to E-boxes in vitro. Subsequently, TW knockdown revealed a novel TCF4:TCF12 bHLH dimer occupying the same TW E-box site that, when expressed as a tethered TCF4:TCF12 dimer, markedly repressed POSTN expression and extended animal survival. These observations support TCF4:TCF12 as a novel dimer with tumor-suppressor activity in GBM that functions in part through displacement of and/or competitive inhibition of pro-oncogenic TW dimers at E-box sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana A. Mikheeva
- Department of Neurosurgery, Center for NeuroregenerationHouston Methodist Research InstituteTexasUSA
| | - Cory C. Funk
- Institute for Systems BiologySeattleWashingtonUSA
| | - Philip J. Horner
- Department of Neurosurgery, Center for NeuroregenerationHouston Methodist Research InstituteTexasUSA
- Department of NeurosurgeryUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWashingtonUSA
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative MedicineUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWashingtonUSA
| | - Robert C. Rostomily
- Department of Neurosurgery, Center for NeuroregenerationHouston Methodist Research InstituteTexasUSA
- Department of NeurosurgeryUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWashingtonUSA
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative MedicineUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWashingtonUSA
| | - Andrei M. Mikheev
- Department of Neurosurgery, Center for NeuroregenerationHouston Methodist Research InstituteTexasUSA
- Department of NeurosurgeryUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWashingtonUSA
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative MedicineUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWashingtonUSA
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Singh AK, Sreelakshmi P, Pathak P, Kumar A, Singh H, Yadav JP, Verma A, Grishina M, Kumar P. Design, Virtual Screening, Molecular Docking, ADME and Cytotoxicity Studies of 1,3,5-Triazine Containing Heterocyclic Scaffolds as Selective BRAF Monomeric, Homo and Heterodimeric Inhibitors. Comb Chem High Throughput Screen 2024; 27:CCHTS-EPUB-137440. [PMID: 38305404 DOI: 10.2174/0113862073273813231113071010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND v-RAF murine sarcoma viral homolog B1 (BRAF) is one of the most frequently mutated kinases in human cancers. BRAF exhibits three classes of mutations: Class I monomeric mutants (BRAFV600), class II BRAF homodimer mutants (non-V600), and class III BRAF heterodimers (non-V600). METHOD In this manuscript, the protein-ligand interaction site of all three mutants: BRAF monomer, BRAF homodimer BRAF2:14-3-32, and BRAF heterodimer BRAF:14-3-32:MEK (Mitogen extracellular Kinase) has been discussed. FDA-approved drugs still have limitations against all three classes of mutants, especially against the second and third classes. Using the DesPot grid model, 1114 new compounds were designed. Using virtual screening, the three PDB Ids 4XV2 for monomers, 7MFF for homodimers, and 4MNE for heterodimers were used for 1114 newly designed compounds. RESULT Dabrafenib, encorafenib, sorafenib and vemurafenib were included as standard drugs. The top 10 hit molecules were identified for each protein. Additional binding studies were performed using molecular docking studies on the protein-ligand site of each PDB identifier. Absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion (ADME) and toxicity studies were also performed. CONCLUSION It was identified that top-hit molecules had better binding and interaction activity than standard in all three classes of mutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankit Kumar Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, Central University of Punjab, Ghudda, Bathinda, 151401, India
| | - P Sreelakshmi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, Central University of Punjab, Ghudda, Bathinda, 151401, India
| | - Prateek Pathak
- Laboratory of Computational Modeling of Drugs, Higher Medical and Biological School, South Ural State University, Chelyabinsk, 454008, Russia
| | - Adarsh Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, Central University of Punjab, Ghudda, Bathinda, 151401, India
| | - Harshwardhan Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, Central University of Punjab, Ghudda, Bathinda, 151401, India
| | - Jagat Pal Yadav
- Pharmacology Research Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Rama University, Kanpur, 209217, India
- Bioorganic and Medicinal Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Prayagraj, 211007, India
| | - Amita Verma
- Bioorganic and Medicinal Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Prayagraj, 211007, India
| | - Maria Grishina
- Laboratory of Computational Modeling of Drugs, Higher Medical and Biological School, South Ural State University, Chelyabinsk, 454008, Russia
| | - Pradeep Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, Central University of Punjab, Ghudda, Bathinda, 151401, India
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Abdulaziz O, Khan FR, Alharthi NS, Alhuthali HM, Hazazi A, Alzahrani HA, Gharib AF, Alsalmi OA, Hawsawi NM, Alhazmi AY. Computational insights into overcoming resistance mechanisms in targeted therapies for advanced breast cancer: focus on EGFR and HER2 co-inhibition. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2024:1-12. [PMID: 38234016 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2024.2301766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
In the present study, the formation of a heterodimer involving both epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) has been explored as a potential therapeutic mechanism to inhibit the progression of breast cancer. Virtual screening using molecular docking resulted in the three hit compounds (ZINC08382411, ZINC08382438, and ZINC08382292) with minimum binding scores and commonly binding to both receptors. Further, MD simulation analysis of these complexes illustrated the high stability of these compounds with EGFR and HER2. RMSD showed that ZINC08382411 displayed the most stable RMSD of 2 - 3 Å when bound to both receptors, suggesting to have strong compatibility with the active site of the receptor. Hydrogen bond analysis showed that ZINC08382411 forms the maximum number of H-bonds (2 to 3) in both EGFR and HER2 bound complexes, with the highest occupancy of 62% and 79%, respectively. Binding free energy calculation showed that ZINC08382411 possesses maximum affinity towards both the receptors with ΔGbind = -129.628 and -164.063 kJ/mol, respectively. This approach recognizes the significance of EGFR and HER2 in breast cancer development and aims to disrupt their collaborative signaling, which is known to promote the antagonistic behavior of cancer cells. By focusing on this EGFR/HER2 heterodimer, the study offers a promising avenue for identifying a potential candidate (ZINC08382411) that may inhibit breast cancer cell growth and potentially improve patient outcomes. The study's findings may contribute to the ongoing efforts to advance breast cancer treatment strategies.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osama Abdulaziz
- Clinical Laboratory Sciences Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Taif Province, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Farhan R Khan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science,College of Applied Medical Sciences, Al-Quwayiyah, Shaqra University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nahed S Alharthi
- Department of Medical Laboratory, College of Applied Medical Sciences in Al-Kharj, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hayaa M Alhuthali
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali Hazazi
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Security Forces Hospital Program, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia; College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Hind A Alzahrani
- Department of Basic Sciences, College of Applied of Medical Sciences, Albaha University, Albaha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amal F Gharib
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ohud A Alsalmi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nahed M Hawsawi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulfattah Y Alhazmi
- Pharmaceutical Practices Department, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
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Barakat S, Ezen E, Devecioğlu İ, Gezen M, Piepoli S, Erman B. Dimerization choice and alternative functions of ZBTB transcription factors. FEBS J 2024; 291:237-255. [PMID: 37450366 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Zinc Finger DNA-binding domain-containing proteins are the most populous family among eukaryotic transcription factors. Among these, members of the BTB domain-containing ZBTB sub-family are mostly known for their transcriptional repressive functions. In this Viewpoint article, we explore molecular mechanisms that potentially diversify the function of ZBTB proteins based on their homo and heterodimerization, alternative splicing and post-translational modifications. We describe how the BTB domain is as much a scaffold for the assembly of co-repressors, as a domain that regulates protein stability. We highlight another mechanism that regulates ZBTB protein stability: phosphorylation in the zinc finger domain. We explore the non-transcriptional, structural roles of ZBTB proteins and highlight novel findings that describe the ability of ZBTB proteins to associate with poly adenosine ribose in the nucleus during the DNA damage response. Herein, we discuss the contribution of BTB domain scaffolds to the formation of transcriptional repressive complexes, to chromosome compartmentalization and their non-transcriptional, purely structural functions in the nucleus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Barakat
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Boğaziçi University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ege Ezen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Boğaziçi University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - İzem Devecioğlu
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Boğaziçi University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Melike Gezen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Boğaziçi University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sofia Piepoli
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Boğaziçi University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Batu Erman
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Boğaziçi University, Istanbul, Turkey
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Wang X, Zhang J, Liu X, Kong Y, Han L. The Roles of the PSEUDO-RESPONSE REGULATORs in Circadian Clock and Flowering Time in Medicago truncatula. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16834. [PMID: 38069157 PMCID: PMC10706769 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242316834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
PSEUDO-RESPONSE REGULATORs (PRRs) play key roles in the circadian rhythms and flowering in plants. Here, we identified the four members of the PRR family in Medicago truncatula, including MtPRR9a, MtPRR9b, MtPRR7 and MtPRR5, and isolated their Tnt1 retrotransposon-tagged mutants. They were expressed in different organs and were nuclear-localized. The four MtPRRs genes played important roles in normal clock rhythmicity maintenance by negatively regulating the expression of MtGI and MtLHY. Surprisingly, the four MtPRRs functioned redundantly in regulating flowering time under long-day conditions, and the quadruple mutant flowered earlier. Moreover, MtPRR can recruit the MtTPL/MtTPR corepressors and the other MtPRRs to form heterodimers to constitute the core mechanism of the circadian oscillator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China; (X.W.); (J.Z.); (X.L.); (Y.K.)
| | - Juanjuan Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China; (X.W.); (J.Z.); (X.L.); (Y.K.)
| | - Xiu Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China; (X.W.); (J.Z.); (X.L.); (Y.K.)
| | - Yiming Kong
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China; (X.W.); (J.Z.); (X.L.); (Y.K.)
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Lu Han
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China; (X.W.); (J.Z.); (X.L.); (Y.K.)
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Sawant KV, Sepuru KM, Penaranda B, Lowry E, Garofalo RP, Rajarathnam K. Chemokine Cxcl1-Cxcl2 heterodimer is a potent neutrophil chemoattractant. J Leukoc Biol 2023; 114:666-671. [PMID: 37625009 PMCID: PMC10673714 DOI: 10.1093/jleuko/qiad097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Microbial infection is characterized by release of multiple proinflammatory chemokines that direct neutrophils to the insult site. How collective function of these chemokines orchestrates neutrophil recruitment is not known. Here, we characterized the role for heterodimer and show that the Cxcl1-Cxcl2 heterodimer is a potent neutrophil chemoattractant in mice and can recruit more neutrophils than the individual chemokines. Chemokine-mediated neutrophil recruitment is determined by Cxcr2 receptor signaling, Cxcr2 endocytosis, and binding to glycosaminoglycans. We have now determined heterodimer's Cxcr2 activity using cellular assays and Cxcr2 density in blood and recruited neutrophils in heterodimer-treated mice. We have shown that the heterodimer binds glycosaminoglycans with higher affinity and more efficiently than Cxcl1 or Cxcl2. These data collectively indicate that optimal glycosaminoglycan interactions and dampened receptor activity acting in concert in a dynamic fashion promote heterodimer-mediated robust neutrophil recruitment. We propose that this could play a critical role in combating infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirti V Sawant
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Boulevard, Galveston, TX, United States
| | - Krishna Mohan Sepuru
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Boulevard, Galveston, TX, United States
| | - Brigith Penaranda
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Boulevard, Galveston, TX, United States
| | - Emily Lowry
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Boulevard, Galveston, TX, United States
| | - Roberto P Garofalo
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Boulevard, Galveston, TX, United States
- Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, The University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Boulevard, Galveston, TX, United States
| | - Krishna Rajarathnam
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Boulevard, Galveston, TX, United States
- Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, The University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Boulevard, Galveston, TX, United States
- Sealy Center for Structural Biology and Molecular Biophysics, The University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Boulevard, Galveston, TX, United States
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Saito M, Momiki R, Ebine K, Yoshitake Y, Nishihama R, Miyakawa T, Nakano T, Mitsuda N, Araki T, Kohchi T, Yamaoka S. A bHLH heterodimer regulates germ cell differentiation in land plant gametophytes. Curr Biol 2023; 33:4980-4987.e6. [PMID: 37776860 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2023.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Revised: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023]
Abstract
Land plants are a monophyletic group of photosynthetic eukaryotes that diverged from streptophyte algae about 470 million years ago. During both the alternating haploid and diploid stages of the life cycle, land plants form multicellular bodies.1,2,3,4 The haploid multicellular body (gametophyte) produces progenitor cells that give rise to gametes and the reproductive organs.5,6,7,8 In the liverwort Marchantia polymorpha, differentiation of the initial cells of gamete-producing organs (gametangia) from the gametophyte is regulated by MpBONOBO (MpBNB), a member of the basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factor subfamily VIIIa. In Arabidopsis thaliana, specification of generative cells in developing male gametophytes (pollen) requires redundant action of BNB1 and BNB2.9 Subfamily XI bHLHs, such as LOTUS JAPONICUS ROOTHAIRLESS LIKE1 (LRL1)/DEFECTIVE REGION OF POLLEN1 (DROP1) and LRL2/DROP2 in A. thaliana and the single LRL/DROP protein MpLRL in M. polymorpha, are the evolutionarily conserved regulators of rooting system development.10 Although the role of LRL1/DROP1 and LRL2/DROP2 in gametogenesis remains unclear, their loss leads to the formation of abnormal pollen devoid of sperm cells.11 Here, we show that BNBs and LRL/DROPs co-localize to gametophytic cell nuclei and form heterodimers. LRL1/DROP1 and LRL2/DROP2 act redundantly to regulate BNB expression for generative cell specification in A. thaliana after asymmetric division of the haploid microspore. MpLRL is required for differentiation of MpBNB-expressing gametangium initial cells in M. polymorpha gametophytes. Our findings suggest that broadly expressed LRL/DROP stabilizes BNB expression, leading to the formation of an evolutionarily conserved bHLH heterodimer, which regulates germ cell differentiation in the haploid gametophyte of land plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Misaki Saito
- Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Momiki
- Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Kazuo Ebine
- National Institute for Basic Biology (NIBB), Okazaki, Aichi 444-8585, Japan; The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, SOKENDAI, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8585, Japan
| | | | - Ryuichi Nishihama
- Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan; Department of Applied Biological Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
| | - Takuya Miyakawa
- Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Takeshi Nakano
- Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Nobutaka Mitsuda
- Bioproduction Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8566, Japan
| | - Takashi Araki
- Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Takayuki Kohchi
- Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Shohei Yamaoka
- Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan.
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11
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Di X, Rodriguez-Concepcion M. Exploring the Deoxy-D-xylulose-5-phosphate Synthase Gene Family in Tomato ( Solanum lycopersicum). Plants (Basel) 2023; 12:3886. [PMID: 38005784 PMCID: PMC10675008 DOI: 10.3390/plants12223886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
Isoprenoids are a wide family of metabolites including high-value chemicals, flavors, pigments, and drugs. Isoprenoids are particularly abundant and diverse in plants. The methyl-D-erythritol 4-phosphate (MEP) pathway produces the universal isoprenoid precursors isopentenyl diphosphate and dimethylallyl diphosphate in plant plastids for the downstream production of monoterpenes, diterpenes, and photosynthesis-related isoprenoids such as carotenoids, chlorophylls, tocopherols, phylloquinone, and plastoquinone. The enzyme deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate synthase (DXS) is the first and main rate-determining enzyme of the MEP pathway. In tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), a plant with an active isoprenoid metabolism in several tissues, three genes encode DXS-like proteins (SlDXS1 to 3). Here, we show that the expression patterns of the three genes suggest distinct physiological roles without excluding that they might function together in some tissues. We also confirm that SlDXS1 and 2 are true DXS enzymes, whereas SlDXS3 lacks DXS activity. We further show that SlDXS1 and 2 co-localize in plastidial speckles and that they can be immunoprecipitated together, suggesting that they might form heterodimers in vivo in at least some tissues. These results provide novel insights for the biotechnological use of DXS isoforms in metabolic engineering strategies to up-regulate the MEP pathway flux.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueni Di
- Institute for Plant Molecular and Cell Biology (IBMCP), CSIC—Universitat Politècnica de València, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Manuel Rodriguez-Concepcion
- Institute for Plant Molecular and Cell Biology (IBMCP), CSIC—Universitat Politècnica de València, 46022 Valencia, Spain
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12
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Trencsényi G, Halmos G, Képes Z. Radiolabeled NGR-Based Heterodimers for Angiogenesis Imaging: A Review of Preclinical Studies. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:4459. [PMID: 37760428 PMCID: PMC10526435 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15184459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Since angiogenesis/neoangiogenesis has a major role in tumor development, progression and metastatic spread, the establishment of angiogenesis-targeting imaging and therapeutic vectors is of utmost significance. Aminopeptidase N (APN/CD13) is a pivotal biomarker of angiogenic processes abundantly expressed on the cell surface of active vascular endothelial and various neoplastic cells, constituting a valuable target for cancer diagnostics and therapy. Since the asparagine-glycine-arginine (NGR) sequence has been shown to colocalize with APN/CD13, the research interest in NGR-peptide-mediated vascular targeting is steadily growing. Earlier preclinical experiments have already demonstrated the imaging and therapeutic feasibility of NGR-based probes labeled with different positron emission tomography (PET) and single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) radionuclides, including Gallium-68 (68Ga), Copper-64 (64Cu), Technetium-99m (99mTc), Lutetium-177 (177Lu), Rhenium-188 (188Re) or Bismuth-213 (213Bi). To improve the tumor binding affinity and the retention time of single-receptor targeting peptides, NGR motifs containing heterodimers have been introduced to identify multi-receptor overexpressing malignancies. Preclinical studies with various tumor-bearing experimental animals provide useful tools for the investigation of the in vivo imaging behavior of NGR-based heterobivalent ligands. Herein, we review the reported preclinical achievements on NGR heterodimers that could be highly relevant for the development of further target-specific multivalent compounds in diagnostic and therapeutic settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- György Trencsényi
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Translational Imaging, Department of Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei St. 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary;
| | - Gábor Halmos
- Department of Biopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei St. 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Zita Képes
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Translational Imaging, Department of Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei St. 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary;
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13
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Aza P, Linde D, Molpeceres G, Vind J, Medrano FJ, Camarero S. Role and structure of the small subunit forming heterodimers with laccase-like enzymes. Protein Sci 2023; 32:e4734. [PMID: 37483125 PMCID: PMC10443355 DOI: 10.1002/pro.4734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
Unlike laccases sensu stricto, which are usually monomeric enzymes, laccase-like enzymes recently re-classified as Novel Laccases (NLACs) are characterized by the formation of heterodimers with small proteins (subunits) of unknown function. Here the NLAC from Pleurotus eryngii (PeNL) and a small protein selected from the fungal genome, that is homologous to reported POXA3 from Pleurotus ostreatus, were produced in Aspergillus oryzae separately or together. The two proteins interacted regardless of whether the small subunit was co-expressed or exogenously added to the enzyme. The stability and catalytic activity of PeNL was significantly enhanced in the presence of the small subunit. Size exclusion chromatography-multi angle light scattering (SEC-MALS) analysis confirmed that the complex PeNL-ss is a heterodimer of 77.4 kDa. The crystallographic structure of the small protein expressed in Escherichia coli was solved at 1.6 Å resolution. This is the first structure elucidated of a small subunit of a NLAC. The helix bundle structure of the small subunit accommodates well with the enzyme model structure, including interactions with specific regions of NLACs and some amino acid residues of the substrate-binding loops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Aza
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, CSICMadridSpain
| | - Dolores Linde
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, CSICMadridSpain
| | | | | | - F. Javier Medrano
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, CSICMadridSpain
| | - Susana Camarero
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, CSICMadridSpain
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14
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Lawther AJ, Zieba J, Fang Z, Furlong TM, Conn I, Govindaraju H, Choong LLY, Turner N, Siddiqui KS, Bridge W, Merlin S, Hyams TC, Killingsworth M, Eapen V, Clarke RA, Walker AK. Antioxidant Behavioural Phenotype in the Immp2l Gene Knock-Out Mouse. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:1717. [PMID: 37761857 PMCID: PMC10531238 DOI: 10.3390/genes14091717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction is strongly associated with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and the Inner mitochondrial membrane protein 2-like (IMMP2L) gene is linked to autism inheritance. However, the biological basis of this linkage is unknown notwithstanding independent reports of oxidative stress in association with both IMMP2L and ASD. To better understand IMMP2L's association with behaviour, we developed the Immp2lKD knockout (KO) mouse model which is devoid of Immp2l peptidase activity. Immp2lKD -/- KO mice do not display any of the core behavioural symptoms of ASD, albeit homozygous Immp2lKD -/- KO mice do display increased auditory stimulus-driven instrumental behaviour and increased amphetamine-induced locomotion. Due to reports of increased ROS and oxidative stress phenotypes in an earlier truncated Immp2l mouse model resulting from an intragenic deletion within Immp2l, we tested whether high doses of the synthetic mitochondrial targeted antioxidant (MitoQ) could reverse or moderate the behavioural changes in Immp2lKD -/- KO mice. To our surprise, we observed that ROS levels were not increased but significantly lowered in our new Immp2lKD -/- KO mice and that these mice had no oxidative stress-associated phenotypes and were fully fertile with no age-related ataxia or neurodegeneration as ascertained using electron microscopy. Furthermore, the antioxidant MitoQ had no effect on the increased amphetamine-induced locomotion of these mice. Together, these findings indicate that the behavioural changes in Immp2lKD -/- KO mice are associated with an antioxidant-like phenotype with lowered and not increased levels of ROS and no oxidative stress-related phenotypes. This suggested that treatments with antioxidants are unlikely to be effective in treating behaviours directly resulting from the loss of Immp2l/IMMP2L activity, while any behavioural deficits that maybe associated with IMMP2L intragenic deletion-associated truncations have yet to be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam J. Lawther
- Laboratory of ImmunoPsychiatry, Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, NSW 2031, Australia
| | - Jerzy Zieba
- Laboratory of ImmunoPsychiatry, Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, NSW 2031, Australia
- Department of Psychology, University of Rzeszow, 35-310 Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Zhiming Fang
- Discipline of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
- Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Sydney, NSW 2170, Australia; (T.C.H.)
| | - Teri M. Furlong
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Illya Conn
- Laboratory of ImmunoPsychiatry, Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, NSW 2031, Australia
- Schizophrenia Research Laboratory, Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, NSW 2031, Australia
| | - Hemna Govindaraju
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Laura L. Y. Choong
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Nigel Turner
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Khawar Sohail Siddiqui
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Wallace Bridge
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Sam Merlin
- Medical Science, School of Science, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, Sydney, NSW 2751, Australia
| | - Tzipi Cohen Hyams
- Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Sydney, NSW 2170, Australia; (T.C.H.)
| | - Murray Killingsworth
- Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Sydney, NSW 2170, Australia; (T.C.H.)
- NSW Health Pathology, Liverpool Hospital Campus, 1 Campbell Street, Liverpool, NSW 2107, Australia
| | - Valsamma Eapen
- Discipline of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
- Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Sydney, NSW 2170, Australia; (T.C.H.)
- Academic Unit of Infant Child and Adolescent Services (AUCS), South Western Sydney Local Health District, Liverpool, NSW 2170, Australia
| | - Raymond A. Clarke
- Discipline of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
- Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Sydney, NSW 2170, Australia; (T.C.H.)
- Academic Unit of Infant Child and Adolescent Services (AUCS), South Western Sydney Local Health District, Liverpool, NSW 2170, Australia
| | - Adam K. Walker
- Laboratory of ImmunoPsychiatry, Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, NSW 2031, Australia
- Discipline of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
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15
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Kaffashi K, Dréau D, Nesmelova IV. Heterodimers Are an Integral Component of Chemokine Signaling Repertoire. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11639. [PMID: 37511398 PMCID: PMC10380872 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemokines are a family of signaling proteins that play a crucial role in cell-cell communication, cell migration, and cell trafficking, particularly leukocytes, under both normal and pathological conditions. The oligomerization state of chemokines influences their biological activity. The heterooligomerization occurs when multiple chemokines spatially and temporally co-localize, and it can significantly affect cellular responses. Recently, obligate heterodimers have emerged as tools to investigate the activities and molecular mechanisms of chemokine heterodimers, providing valuable insights into their functional roles. This review focuses on the latest progress in understanding the roles of chemokine heterodimers and their contribution to the functioning of the chemokine network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimia Kaffashi
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Carolina, Charlotte, NC 28223, USA
- Department of Physics and Optical Sciences, University of North Carolina, Charlotte, NC 28223, USA
| | - Didier Dréau
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Carolina, Charlotte, NC 28223, USA
| | - Irina V Nesmelova
- Department of Physics and Optical Sciences, University of North Carolina, Charlotte, NC 28223, USA
- School of Data Science, University of North Carolina, Charlotte, NC 28223, USA
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16
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Liu L, Lin L, Shen C, Rondard P, Pin JP, Xu C, Liu J. Asymmetric activation of dimeric GABA B and metabotropic glutamate receptors. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2023; 325:C79-C89. [PMID: 37184233 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00150.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) represent the largest family of membrane proteins and are important drug targets. GPCRs are allosteric machines that transduce an extracellular signal to the cell by activating heterotrimeric G proteins. Herein, we summarize the recent advancements in the molecular activation mechanism of the γ-aminobutyric acid type B (GABAB) and metabotropic glutamate (mGlu) receptors, the most important class C GPCRs that modulate synaptic transmission in the brain. Both are mandatory dimers, this quaternary structure being needed for their function The structures of these receptors in different conformations and in complexes with G proteins have revealed their asymmetric activation. This asymmetry is further highlighted by the recent discovery of mGlu heterodimers, where the eight mGlu subunits can form specific and functional heterodimers. Finally, the development of allosteric modulators has revealed new possibilities for regulating the function of these receptors by targeting the transmembrane dimer interface. This family of receptors never ceases to astonish and serve as models to better understand the diversity and asymmetric functioning of GPCRs.NEW & NOTEWORTHY γ-aminobutyric acid type B (GABAB) and metabotropic glutamate (mGlu) receptors form constitutive dimers, which are required for their function. They serve as models to better understand the diversity and activation of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). The structures of these receptors in different conformations and in complexes with G proteins have revealed their asymmetric activation. This asymmetry is further highlighted by the recent discovery of specific and functional mGlu heterodimers. Allosteric modulators can be developed to target the transmembrane interface and modulate the asymmetry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Liu
- Cellular Signaling Laboratory, International Research Center for Sensory Biology and Technology of MOST, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of MOE, and College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Lin
- Cellular Signaling Laboratory, International Research Center for Sensory Biology and Technology of MOST, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of MOE, and College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Cangsong Shen
- Cellular Signaling Laboratory, International Research Center for Sensory Biology and Technology of MOST, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of MOE, and College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Philippe Rondard
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | - Jean-Philippe Pin
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | - Chanjuan Xu
- Cellular Signaling Laboratory, International Research Center for Sensory Biology and Technology of MOST, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of MOE, and College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianfeng Liu
- Cellular Signaling Laboratory, International Research Center for Sensory Biology and Technology of MOST, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of MOE, and College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
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17
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Blanchet X, Weber C, von Hundelshausen P. Chemokine Heteromers and Their Impact on Cellular Function-A Conceptual Framework. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10925. [PMID: 37446102 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241310925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemoattractant cytokines or chemokines are proteins involved in numerous biological activities. Their essential role consists of the formation of gradient and (immune) cell recruitment. Chemokine biology and its related signaling system is more complex than simple ligand-receptor interactions. Beside interactions with their cognate and/or atypical chemokine receptors, and glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), chemokines form complexes with themselves as homo-oligomers, heteromers and also with other soluble effector proteins, including the atypical chemokine MIF, carbohydrate-binding proteins (galectins), damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) or with chemokine-binding proteins such as evasins. Likewise, nucleic acids have been described as binding targets for the tetrameric form of CXCL4. The dynamic balance between monomeric and dimeric structures, as well as interactions with GAGs, modulate the concentrations of free chemokines available along with the nature of the gradient. Dimerization of chemokines changes the canonical monomeric fold into two main dimeric structures, namely CC- and CXC-type dimers. Recent studies highlighted that chemokine dimer formation is a frequent event that could occur under pathophysiological conditions. The structural changes dictated by chemokine dimerization confer additional biological activities, e.g., biased signaling. The present review will provide a short overview of the known functionality of chemokines together with the consequences of the interactions engaged by the chemokines with other proteins. Finally, we will present potential therapeutic tools targeting the chemokine multimeric structures that could modulate their biological functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Blanchet
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), LMU Munich, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Christian Weber
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), LMU Munich, 80336 Munich, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, 80636 Munich, Germany
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University Medical Centre, 6229 HX Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Philipp von Hundelshausen
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), LMU Munich, 80336 Munich, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, 80636 Munich, Germany
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18
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Zhao L, Wen X, Xu W, Pang Y, Sun L, Wu X, Xu P, Zhang J, Guo Z, Lin Q, Chen X, Chen H. Clinical Evaluation of 68Ga-FAPI-RGD for Imaging of Fibroblast Activation Protein and Integrin α vβ 3 in Various Cancer Types. J Nucl Med 2023:jnumed.122.265383. [PMID: 37142301 PMCID: PMC10394316 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.122.265383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Radiolabeled fibroblast activation protein (FAP) inhibitors (FAPIs) and Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) peptides have been extensively investigated for imaging of FAP- and integrin αvβ3-positive tumors. In this study, a FAPI-RGD heterodimer was radiolabeled with 68Ga and evaluated in patients with cancer. We hypothesized that the heterodimer, recognizing both FAP and integrin αvβ3, would be advantageous because of its dual-receptor-targeting property. Methods: The effective dose of 68Ga-FAPI-RGD was evaluated in 3 healthy volunteers. The clinical feasibility of 68Ga-FAPI-RGD PET/CT was evaluated in 22 patients with various types of cancer, and the results were compared with those of 18F-FDG and 68Ga-FAPI-46. Results: 68Ga-FAPI-RGD was tolerated well, with no adverse events in any of the healthy volunteers or patients. The effective dose from 68Ga-FAPI-RGD PET/CT was 1.01 × 10-2 mSv/MBq. In clinical investigations with different types of cancer, the radiotracer uptake and tumor-to-background ratio (TBR) of primary and metastatic lesions in 68Ga-FAPI-RGD PET/CT were significantly higher than those in 18F-FDG PET/CT (primary tumors: SUVmax, 18.0 vs. 9.1 [P < 0.001], and TBR, 15.2 vs. 5.5 [P < 0.001]; lymph node metastases: SUVmax, 12.1 vs. 6.1 [P < 0.001], and TBR, 13.3 vs. 4.1 [P < 0.001]), resulting in an improved lesion detection rate and tumor delineation, particularly for the diagnosis of lymph node (99% vs. 91%) and bone (100% vs. 80%) metastases. 68Ga-FAPI-RGD PET/CT also yielded a higher radiotracer uptake and TBR than 68Ga-FAPI-46 PET/CT did. Conclusion: 68Ga-FAPI-RGD exhibited improved tumor uptake and TBR compared with 18F-FDG and 68Ga-FAPI PET/CT. This study demonstrated the safety and clinical feasibility of 68Ga-FAPI-RGD PET/CT for imaging of various types of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Zhao
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Minnan PET Center, Xiamen Cancer Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Xiamen Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Xiamen Cancer Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- Departments of Diagnostic Radiology, Surgery, Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, and Biomedical Engineering, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine and Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Clinical Imaging Research Centre, Centre for Translational Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Xuejun Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics and Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Weizhi Xu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Minnan PET Center, Xiamen Cancer Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yizhen Pang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Minnan PET Center, Xiamen Cancer Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Xiamen Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Xiamen Cancer Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Long Sun
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Minnan PET Center, Xiamen Cancer Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Xiaoming Wu
- College of Nuclear Science and Technology, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin, China; and
| | - Pengfei Xu
- Departments of Diagnostic Radiology, Surgery, Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, and Biomedical Engineering, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine and Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Clinical Imaging Research Centre, Centre for Translational Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Nanomedicine Translational Research Program, NUS Center for Nanomedicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jingjing Zhang
- Departments of Diagnostic Radiology, Surgery, Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, and Biomedical Engineering, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine and Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Clinical Imaging Research Centre, Centre for Translational Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Nanomedicine Translational Research Program, NUS Center for Nanomedicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Zhide Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics and Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Qin Lin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Xiamen Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Xiamen Cancer Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Xiaoyuan Chen
- Departments of Diagnostic Radiology, Surgery, Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, and Biomedical Engineering, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine and Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore;
- Clinical Imaging Research Centre, Centre for Translational Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Nanomedicine Translational Research Program, NUS Center for Nanomedicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Haojun Chen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Minnan PET Center, Xiamen Cancer Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China;
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19
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Bauer M, Aguilar G, Wharton KA, Matsuda S, Affolter M. Heterodimerization-dependent secretion of bone morphogenetic proteins in Drosophila. Dev Cell 2023; 58:645-659.e4. [PMID: 37054707 PMCID: PMC10303954 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2023.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
Combinatorial signaling is key to instruct context-dependent cell behaviors. During embryonic development, adult homeostasis, and disease, bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) act as dimers to instruct specific cellular responses. BMP ligands can form both homodimers or heterodimers; however, obtaining direct evidence of the endogenous localization and function of each form has proven challenging. Here, we make use of precise genome editing and direct protein manipulation via protein binders to dissect the existence and functional relevance of BMP homodimers and heterodimers in the Drosophila wing imaginal disc. This approach identified in situ the existence of Dpp (BMP2/4)/Gbb (BMP5/6/7/8) heterodimers. We found that Gbb is secreted in a Dpp-dependent manner in the wing imaginal disc. Dpp and Gbb form a gradient of heterodimers, whereas neither Dpp nor Gbb homodimers are evident under endogenous physiological conditions. We find that the formation of heterodimers is critical for obtaining optimal signaling and long-range BMP distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milena Bauer
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, Spitalstrasse 41, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Gustavo Aguilar
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, Spitalstrasse 41, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Shinya Matsuda
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, Spitalstrasse 41, 4056 Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Markus Affolter
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, Spitalstrasse 41, 4056 Basel, Switzerland.
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20
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Tuff WJ, Hughes RA, Golze SD, Neretina S. Ion Beam Milling as a Symmetry-Breaking Control in the Synthesis of Periodic Arrays of Identically Aligned Bimetallic Janus Nanocrystals. ACS Nano 2023; 17:4050-4061. [PMID: 36799807 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c00149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Bimetallic Janus nanostructures represent a highly functional class of nanomaterials due to important physicochemical properties stemming from the union of two chemically distinct metal segments where each maintains a partially exposed surface. Essential to their synthesis is the incorporation of a symmetry-breaking control that is able to induce the regioselective deposition of a secondary metal onto a preexisting nanostructure even though such depositions are, more often than not, in opposition to the innate tendencies of heterogeneous growth modes. Numerous symmetry-breaking controls have been forwarded but the ensuing Janus structure syntheses have not yet achieved anywhere near the same level of control over nanostructure size, shape, and composition as their core-shell and single-element counterparts. Herein, a collimated ion beam is demonstrated as a symmetry-breaking control that allows for the selective removal of a passivating oxide shell from one side of a metal nanostructure to create a configuration that is transformable into a substrate-bound Au-Ag Janus nanostructure. Two different modalities are demonstrated for achieving Janus structures where in one case the oxide dissolves in the growth solution while in the other it remains affixed to form a three-component system. The devised procedures distinguish themselves in their ability to realize complex Janus architectures arranged in periodic arrays where each structure has the same alignment relative to the underlying substrate. The work, hence, provides an avenue for forming precisely tailored Janus structures and, in a broader sense, advances the use of oxides as an effective means for directing nanometal syntheses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walker J Tuff
- College of Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Robert A Hughes
- College of Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Spencer D Golze
- College of Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Svetlana Neretina
- College of Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
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21
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Zhang J, Zhao D, Zhang L, Xiao Y, Wu Q, Wang Y, Chen J, Zhan Q. Src heterodimerically activates Lyn or Fyn to serve as targets for the diagnosis and treatment of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Sci China Life Sci 2023. [PMID: 36763244 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-022-2216-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
Although Src is one of the oldest and most investigated oncoproteins, its function in tumor malignancy remains to be defined further. In this study, we demonstrated that the inhibition of Src activity by ponatinib effectively suppressed several malignant phenotypes of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) both in vitro and in vivo, whereas it did not produce growth-inhibitory effects on normal esophageal epithelial cells (NEECs). Importantly, we combined phosphoproteomics and several cellular and molecular biologic strategies to identify that Src interacted with the members of Src-family kinases (SFKs), such as Fyn or Lyn, to form heterodimers. Src interactions with Fyn and Lyn phosphorylated the tyrosine sites in SH2 (Fyn Tyr185 or Lyn Tyr183) and kinase domains (Fyn Tyr420 or Lyn Tyr397), which critically contributed to ESCC development. By contrast, Src could not form heterodimers with Fyn or Lyn in NEECs. We used RNA sequencing to comprehensively demonstrate that the inhibition of Src activity effectively blocked several critical tumor-promoting pathways, such as JAK/STAT, mTOR, stemness-related, and metabolism-related pathways. Results of the real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay confirmed that Lyn and Fyn were critical effectors for the Src-mediated expression of tumor growth or metastasis-related molecules. Furthermore, results of the clinical ESCC samples showed that the hyperactivation of pSrc Tyr419, Fyn Tyr185 or Tyr420, and Lyn Tyr183 or Tyr397 could be biomarkers of ESCC prognosis. This study illustrates that Src/Fyn and Src/Lyn heterodimers serve as targets for the treatment of ESCC.
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22
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Iwasaki YW, Tharakaraman K, Subramanian V, Khongmanee A, Hatas A, Fleischer E, Rurak TT, Ngok-ngam P, Tit-oon P, Ruchirawat M, Satayavivad J, Fuangthong M, Sasisekharan R. Generation of bispecific antibodies by structure-guided redesign of IgG constant regions. Front Immunol 2023; 13:1063002. [PMID: 36703993 PMCID: PMC9871890 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1063002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Bispecific antibodies (BsAbs) form an exciting class of bio-therapeutics owing to their multispecificity. Although numerous formats have been developed, generation of hetero-tetrameric IgG1-like BsAbs having acceptable safety and pharmacokinetics profiles from a single cell culture system remains challenging due to the heterogeneous pairing between the four chains. Herein, we employed a structure-guided approach to engineer mutations in the constant domain interfaces (CH1-CL and CH3-CH3) of heavy and κ light chains to prevent heavy-light mispairing in the antigen binding fragment (Fab) region and heavy-heavy homodimerization in the Fc region. Transient co-transfection of mammalian cells with heavy and light chains of pre-existing antibodies carrying the engineered constant domains generates BsAbs with percentage purity ranging from 78% to 85%. The engineered BsAbs demonstrate simultaneous binding of both antigens, while retaining the thermal stability, Fc-mediated effector properties and FcRn binding properties of the parental antibodies. Importantly, since the variable domains were not modified, the mutations may enable BsAb formation from antibodies belonging to different germline origins and isotypes. The rationally designed mutations reported in this work could serve as a starting point for generating optimized solutions required for large scale production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yordkhwan W. Iwasaki
- Program in Environmental Toxicology, Chulabhorn Graduate Institute, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Kannan Tharakaraman
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Vidya Subramanian
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Amnart Khongmanee
- Translational Research Unit, Chulabhorn Research Institute, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Andrew Hatas
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Eduardo Fleischer
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Troy T. Rurak
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Patchara Ngok-ngam
- Translational Research Unit, Chulabhorn Research Institute, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Phanthakarn Tit-oon
- Translational Research Unit, Chulabhorn Research Institute, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Mathuros Ruchirawat
- Translational Research Unit, Chulabhorn Research Institute, Bangkok, Thailand,Center of Excellence on Environmental Health and Toxicology (EHT), Office of the Permanent Secretary (OPS), Ministry of Higher Education, Science, Research and Innovation (MHESI), Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Jutamaad Satayavivad
- Program in Environmental Toxicology, Chulabhorn Graduate Institute, Bangkok, Thailand,Center of Excellence on Environmental Health and Toxicology (EHT), Office of the Permanent Secretary (OPS), Ministry of Higher Education, Science, Research and Innovation (MHESI), Bangkok, Thailand,Laboratory of Pharmacology, Chulabhorn Research Institute, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Mayuree Fuangthong
- Translational Research Unit, Chulabhorn Research Institute, Bangkok, Thailand,Center of Excellence on Environmental Health and Toxicology (EHT), Office of the Permanent Secretary (OPS), Ministry of Higher Education, Science, Research and Innovation (MHESI), Bangkok, Thailand,Program in Applied Biological Sciences, Chulabhorn Graduate Institute, Bangkok, Thailand,*Correspondence: Mayuree Fuangthong, ; Ram Sasisekharan,
| | - Ram Sasisekharan
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States,Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States,*Correspondence: Mayuree Fuangthong, ; Ram Sasisekharan,
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23
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Lundmark F, Abouzayed A, Rinne SS, Timofeev V, Sipkina N, Naan M, Kirichenko A, Vasyutina M, Ryzhkova D, Tolmachev V, Rosenström U, Orlova A. Preclinical Characterisation of PSMA/GRPR-Targeting Heterodimer [ 68Ga]Ga-BQ7812 for PET Diagnostic Imaging of Prostate Cancer: A Step towards Clinical Translation. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:442. [PMID: 36672390 PMCID: PMC9856709 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15020442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of radioligands targeting prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) and gastrin-releasing peptide receptor (GRPR) has shown promising results for the imaging and therapy of prostate cancer. However, studies have shown that tumors and metastases can express such targets heterogeneously. To overcome this issue and to improve protein binding, radioligands with the ability to bind both PSMA and GRPR have been developed. Herein, we present the preclinical characterization of [68Ga]Ga-BQ7812; a PSMA/GRPR-targeting radioligand for the diagnostic PET imaging of prostate cancer. This study aimed to evaluate [68Ga]Ga-BQ7812 to promote the translation of such imaging probes into the clinic. [68Ga]Ga-BQ7812 demonstrated rapid and specific binding to both targets in a PSMA/GRPR-expressing PC3-pip cell line. Results from the biodistribution study in PC3-pip xenografted mice showed specific binding to both targets, with the highest activity uptake at 1 h pi in tumor (PSMA+/GRPR+, 10.4 ± 1.0% IA/g), kidneys (PSMA+, 45 ± 16% IA/g), and pancreas (GRPR+, 5.6 ± 0.7% IA/g). At 3h pi, increased tumour-to-organ ratios could be seen due to higher retention in the tumor compared with other PSMA or GRPR-expressing organs. These results, together with low toxicity and an acceptable estimated dosimetry profile (total effective dose = 0.0083 mSv/MBq), support the clinical translation of [68Ga]Ga-BQ7812 and represent a step towards its first clinical trial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanny Lundmark
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Uppsala University, 751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ayman Abouzayed
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Uppsala University, 751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Sara S. Rinne
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Uppsala University, 751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Vasiliy Timofeev
- Personalized Medicine Centre, Almazov National Medical Research Centre, 2 Akkuratova Str., 197341 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Nadezhda Sipkina
- Personalized Medicine Centre, Almazov National Medical Research Centre, 2 Akkuratova Str., 197341 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Maria Naan
- Personalized Medicine Centre, Almazov National Medical Research Centre, 2 Akkuratova Str., 197341 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Anastasia Kirichenko
- Preclinical and Translational Research Centre, Almazov National Medical Research Centre, 2 Akkuratova Str., 197341 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Maria Vasyutina
- Preclinical and Translational Research Centre, Almazov National Medical Research Centre, 2 Akkuratova Str., 197341 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Daria Ryzhkova
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Radiation Technology with Clinic, Almazov National Medical Research Centre, 2 Akkuratova Str., 197341 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Vladimir Tolmachev
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, 751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ulrika Rosenström
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Uppsala University, 751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Anna Orlova
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Uppsala University, 751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Uppsala University, 751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
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24
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Kappes EC, Kattamuri C, Czepnik M, Yarawsky AE, Brûlé E, Wang Y, Ongaro L, Herr AB, Walton KL, Bernard DJ, Thompson TB. Follistatin Forms a Stable Complex With Inhibin A That Does Not Interfere With Activin A Antagonism. Endocrinology 2023; 164:7010688. [PMID: 36718082 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqad017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Inhibins are transforming growth factor-β family heterodimers that suppress follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) secretion by antagonizing activin class ligands. Inhibins share a common β chain with activin ligands. Follistatin is another activin antagonist, known to bind the common β chain of both activins and inhibins. In this study, we characterized the antagonist-antagonist complex of inhibin A and follistatin to determine if their interaction impacted activin A antagonism. We isolated the inhibin A:follistatin 288 complex, showing that it forms in a 1:1 stoichiometric ratio, different from previously reported homodimeric ligand:follistatin complexes, which bind in a 1:2 ratio. Small angle X-ray scattering coupled with modeling provided a low-resolution structure of inhibin A in complex with follistatin 288. Inhibin binds follistatin via the shared activin β chain, leaving the α chain free and flexible. The inhibin A:follistatin 288 complex was also shown to bind heparin with lower affinity than follistatin 288 alone or in complex with activin A. Characterizing the inhibin A:follistatin 288 complex in an activin-responsive luciferase assay and by surface plasmon resonance indicated that the inhibitor complex readily dissociated upon binding type II receptor activin receptor type IIb, allowing both antagonists to inhibit activin signaling. Additionally, injection of the complex in ovariectomized female mice did not alter inhibin A suppression of FSH. Taken together, this study shows that while follistatin binds to inhibin A with a substochiometric ratio relative to the activin homodimer, the complex can dissociate readily, allowing both proteins to effectively antagonize activin signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily C Kappes
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Biochemistry, and Microbiology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Chandramohan Kattamuri
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Biochemistry, and Microbiology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Magdalena Czepnik
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Biochemistry, and Microbiology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | | | - Emilie Brûlé
- Departments of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Ying Wang
- Departments of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Luisina Ongaro
- Departments of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Andrew B Herr
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Kelly L Walton
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Department of Physiology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Daniel J Bernard
- Departments of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Departments of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Thomas B Thompson
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Biochemistry, and Microbiology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
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25
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De Deurwaerdère P, Ponimaskin E, Chagraoui A, Di Giovanni G. Editorial: New GPCR targets and modulators to treat CNS disorders. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:1104336. [PMID: 36561894 PMCID: PMC9763925 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.1104336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Philippe De Deurwaerdère
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 5287, Bordeaux, France,*Correspondence: Philippe De Deurwaerdère
| | | | - Abdeslam Chagraoui
- Différenciation et Communication Neuroendocrine, Endocrine et Germinale (NorDic), INSERM U1239, IRIB, CHU Rouen, Rouen, France,Department of Medical Biochemistry, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France
| | - Giuseppe Di Giovanni
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Malta, Msida, Malta,Neuroscience Division, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom,Giuseppe Di Giovanni
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26
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Dearborn DC, Warren S, Hailer F. Meta-analysis of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class IIA reveals polymorphism and positive selection in many vertebrate species. Mol Ecol 2022; 31:6390-6406. [PMID: 36208104 PMCID: PMC9729452 DOI: 10.1111/mec.16726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Pathogen-mediated selection and sexual selection are important drivers of evolution. Both processes are known to target genes of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC), a gene family encoding cell-surface proteins that display pathogen peptides to the immune system. The MHC is also a model for understanding processes such as gene duplication and trans-species allele sharing. The class II MHC protein is a heterodimer whose peptide-binding groove is encoded by an MHC-IIA gene and an MHC-IIB gene. However, our literature review found that class II MHC papers on infectious disease or sexual selection included IIA data only 18% and 9% of the time, respectively. To assess whether greater emphasis on MHC-IIA is warranted, we analysed MHC-IIA sequence data from 50 species of vertebrates (fish, amphibians, birds, mammals) to test for polymorphism and positive selection. We found that the number of MHC-IIA alleles within a species was often high, and covaried with sample size and number of MHC-IIA genes assayed. While MHC-IIA variability tended to be lower than that of MHC-IIB, the difference was only ~25%, with ~3 fewer IIA alleles than IIB. Furthermore, the unexpectedly high MHC-IIA variability showed clear signatures of positive selection in most species, and positive selection on MHC-IIA was stronger in fish than in other surveyed vertebrate groups. Our findings underscore that MHC-IIA can be an important target of selection. Future studies should therefore expand the characterization of MHC-IIA at both allelic and genomic scales, and incorporate MHC-IIA into models of fitness consequences of MHC variation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donald C Dearborn
- Biology Department, Bates College, 44 Campus Ave, Lewiston, Maine, USA,Roux Institute, Northeastern University, Fore St, Portland, Maine, USA,Co-corresponding authors: and
| | - Sophie Warren
- Biology Department, Bates College, 44 Campus Ave, Lewiston, Maine, USA,Present address: Department of Health Policy, London School of Economics and Political Science, Houghton Street, London WC2A 2AE, UK
| | - Frank Hailer
- Organisms and Environment, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Sir Martin Evans Building, Museum Avenue, Cardiff CF10 3AX, Wales, UK,Co-corresponding authors: and
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27
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Zang J, Wen X, Lin R, Zeng X, Wang C, Shi M, Zeng X, Zhang J, Wu X, Zhang X, Miao W, Xu P, Guo Z, Zhang J, Chen X. Synthesis, preclinical evaluation and radiation dosimetry of a dual targeting PET tracer [ 68Ga]Ga-FAPI-RGD. Am J Cancer Res 2022; 12:7180-7190. [PMID: 36276644 PMCID: PMC9576616 DOI: 10.7150/thno.79144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
To enhance tumor uptake and retention, we designed and developed bi-specific heterodimeric radiotracers targeting both FAP and αvβ3, [68Ga]Ga-FAPI-RGD. The present study aimed to evaluate the specificity, pharmacokinetics, and dosimetry of [68Ga]Ga-FAPI-RGD by preclinical and preliminary clinical studies. Methods: FAPI-RGD was designed and synthesized with the quinoline-based FAPI-02 and the cyclic RGDfK peptide. Preclinical pharmacokinetics were determined in Panc02 xenograft model using microPET and biodistribution experiments. The safety and effective dosimetry of [68Ga]Ga-FAPI-RGD was evaluated in 6 cancer patients, and compared with 2-[18F]FDG imaging. Results: The [68Ga]Ga-FAPI-RGD had good stability in saline for at least 4 h, and showed favorable binding affinity and specificity in vitro and in vivo. Compared to [68Ga]Ga-FAPI-02 and [68Ga]Ga-RGDfK, the tumor uptake and retention of [68Ga]Ga-FAPI-RGD were very much enhanced than its monomeric counterparts at all the time points examined by microPET imaging. A total of 6 patients with various malignant tumors were prospectively enrolled. The effective dose of [68Ga]Ga-FAPI-RGD was 1.94E-02 mSv/MBq. The biodistribution of [68Ga]Ga-FAPI-RGD from 0 to 2 h after injection demonstrated rapid and high tumor uptake, prolonged tumor retention, and high tumor-to-background ratios (TBRs) which further increased over time. No significant difference in mean SUVmax of [68Ga]Ga-FAPI-RGD and 2-[18F]FDG was present in primary tumors (8.9±3.2 vs. 10.3 ± 6.9; p = 0.459). Conclusion: The dual targeting PET tracer [68Ga]Ga-FAPI-RGD showed significantly improved tumor uptake and retention, as well as cleaner background over 68Ga-labeled FAPI and RGD monospecific tracers. The first-in-human biodistribution study showed high TBRs over time, suggesting high diagnostic performance and favorable tracer kinetics for potential therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, No. 20 Chazhong Road, Taijiang District, Fuzhou 350005, Fujian Province, China
| | - Xuejun Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics & Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, 4221-116 Xiang'An South Rd, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Rong Lin
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, No. 20 Chazhong Road, Taijiang District, Fuzhou 350005, Fujian Province, China
| | - Xinying Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics & Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, 4221-116 Xiang'An South Rd, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Chao Wang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, No. 20 Chazhong Road, Taijiang District, Fuzhou 350005, Fujian Province, China
| | - Mengqi Shi
- Departments of Diagnostic Radiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119074, Singapore.,Nanomedicine Translational Research Program, NUS Center for Nanomedicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore
| | - Xueyuan Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics & Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, 4221-116 Xiang'An South Rd, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Jiaying Zhang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, No. 20 Chazhong Road, Taijiang District, Fuzhou 350005, Fujian Province, China
| | - Xiaoming Wu
- College of Nuclear Science and Technology, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Xianzhong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics & Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, 4221-116 Xiang'An South Rd, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Weibing Miao
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, No. 20 Chazhong Road, Taijiang District, Fuzhou 350005, Fujian Province, China.,Fujian Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine for Cancer, the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350005, Fujian Province, China
| | - Pengfei Xu
- Departments of Diagnostic Radiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119074, Singapore.,Institute of Clinical Pharmacy & Pharmacology, Jining First People's Hospital, Jining Medical University, Jining 272000, China
| | - Zhide Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics & Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, 4221-116 Xiang'An South Rd, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Jingjing Zhang
- Departments of Diagnostic Radiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119074, Singapore.,Nanomedicine Translational Research Program, NUS Center for Nanomedicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore.,Clinical Imaging Research Centre, Centre for Translational Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore
| | - Xiaoyuan Chen
- Departments of Diagnostic Radiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119074, Singapore.,Nanomedicine Translational Research Program, NUS Center for Nanomedicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore.,Clinical Imaging Research Centre, Centre for Translational Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore.,Departments of Surgery, Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, and Biomedical Engineering, College of Design and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore.,Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research (ASTAR), 61 Biopolis Drive, Proteos, Singapore, 138673, Singapore
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Lin X, Fisher NM, Dogra S, Senter RK, Reed CW, Kalbfleisch JJ, Lindsley CW, Asher WB, Xiang Z, Niswender CM, Javitch JA. Differential activity of mGlu 7 allosteric modulators provides evidence for mGlu 7/8 heterodimers at hippocampal Schaffer collateral-CA1 synapses. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:102458. [PMID: 36063995 PMCID: PMC9531177 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Glutamate acts at eight metabotropic glutamate (mGlu) receptor subtypes expressed in a partially overlapping fashion in distinct brain circuits. Recent evidence indicates that specific mGlu receptor protomers can heterodimerize and that these heterodimers can exhibit different pharmacology when compared to their homodimeric counterparts. Group III mGlu agonist-induced suppression of evoked excitatory potentials and induction of long-term potentiation at Schaffer collateral-CA1 (SC-CA1) synapses in the rodent hippocampus can be blocked by the selective mGlu7 negative allosteric modulator (NAM), ADX71743. Curiously, a different mGlu7 NAM, 6-(4-methoxyphenyl)-5-methyl-3-pyridin-4-ylisoxazonolo[4,5-c]pyridin-4(5H)-one, failed to block these responses in brain slices despite its robust activity at mGlu7 homodimers in vitro. We hypothesized that this might result from heterodimerization of mGlu7 with another mGlu receptor protomer and focused on mGlu8 as a candidate given the reported effects of mGlu8-targeted compounds in the hippocampus. Here, we used complemented donor acceptor-resonance energy transfer to study mGlu7/8 heterodimer activation in vitro and observed that ADX71743 blocked responses of both mGlu7/7 homodimers and mGlu7/8 heterodimers, whereas 6-(4-methoxyphenyl)-5-methyl-3-pyridin-4-ylisoxazonolo[4,5-c]pyridin-4(5H)-one only antagonized responses of mGlu7/7 homodimers. Taken together with our electrophysiology observations, these results suggest that a receptor with pharmacology consistent with an mGlu7/8 heterodimer modulates the activity of SC-CA1 synapses. Building on this hypothesis, we identified two additional structurally related mGlu7 NAMs that also differ in their activity at mGlu7/8 heterodimers, in a manner consistent with their ability to inhibit synaptic transmission and plasticity at SC-CA1. Thus, we propose that mGlu7/8 heterodimers are a key molecular target for modulating the activity of hippocampal SC-CA1 synapses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Lin
- Department of Psychiatry, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA; Division of Molecular Therapeutics, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York, USA
| | - Nicole M Fisher
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA; Warren Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Shalini Dogra
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA; Warren Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Rebecca K Senter
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA; Warren Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Carson W Reed
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA; Warren Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Jacob J Kalbfleisch
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA; Warren Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Craig W Lindsley
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA; Warren Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA; Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA; Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Wesley B Asher
- Department of Psychiatry, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA; Division of Molecular Therapeutics, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York, USA
| | - Zixiu Xiang
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA; Warren Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Colleen M Niswender
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA; Warren Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA; Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA; Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA; Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA; Vanderbilt Kennedy Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.
| | - Jonathan A Javitch
- Department of Psychiatry, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA; Division of Molecular Therapeutics, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York, USA; Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA.
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Shiba S, Koike A, Takahashi S, Kato D, Kamata T, Niwa O. Vertically Oriented Metallic Heterodimer Array Semiembedded in Flat Conductive Carbon Film for Electrochemical Application. ACS Nano 2022; 16:10589-10599. [PMID: 35758937 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c02157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
General synthesis of a highly oriented metallic heterodimer array based on a selective electrodeposition technique onto a metal nanoparticle-embedded carbon film is proposed, which enables the preparation of heterodimers with a wide variety of metal combinations. This method requires no surfactant, capping agent, organic solvent, or heat treatment. As a representative metal combination, a nickel (Ni)/palladium (Pd) heterodimer array was prepared by selective electrodeposition of Ni nanoparticles (Ni NPs) on top of partially exposed Pd NPs embedded in carbon film electrodes fabricated by a cosputtering technique. Such a selective electrodeposition becomes possible by utilizing the difference in electrodeposition overpotentials between carbon and Pd NP surfaces. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy revealed a charge transfer from Ni NPs to Pd NPs, implying that the catalytic and optical properties can be expected to be controllable. The formed heterodimer array structure was mechanically stable against ultrasonication in ethanol for over 1 h because most parts of the Pd NPs were tightly embedded in the carbon film. After conversion from Ni to nickel hydroxide (Ni(OH)2), the electrode showed high electrocatalytic activity toward glucose oxidation, with a higher turnover rate and lower overpotential compared to Ni(OH)2 electrodeposited on pure carbon film electrodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunsuke Shiba
- Department of Materials Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Ehime University, Bunkyo-cho 3, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8577, Japan
| | - Ayaka Koike
- Department of Life Science and Green Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Saitama Institute of Technology, 1690 Fusaiji, Fukaya, Saitama 369-0293, Japan
| | - Shota Takahashi
- Department of Life Science and Green Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Saitama Institute of Technology, 1690 Fusaiji, Fukaya, Saitama 369-0293, Japan
| | - Dai Kato
- Health and Medical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8566, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Kamata
- Health and Medical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8566, Japan
| | - Osamu Niwa
- Advanced Science Research Laboratory, Saitama Institute of Technology, 1690 Fusaiji, Fukaya, Saitama 369-0293, Japan
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Hinke DM, Andersen TK, Gopalakrishnan RP, Skullerud LM, Werninghaus IC, Grødeland G, Fossum E, Braathen R, Bogen B. Antigen bivalency of antigen-presenting cell-targeted vaccines increases B cell responses. Cell Rep 2022; 39:110901. [PMID: 35649357 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibodies are important for vaccine efficacy. Targeting antigens to antigen-presenting cells (APCs) increases antibody levels. Here, we explore the role of antigen valency in MHC class II (MHCII)-targeted vaccines delivered as DNA. We design heterodimeric proteins that carry either two identical (bivalent vaccines), or two different antigens (monovalent vaccines). Bivalent vaccines with two identical influenza hemagglutinins (HA) elicit higher amounts of anti-HA antibodies in mice than monovalent versions with two different HAs. Bivalent vaccines increase the levels of germinal center (GC) B cells and long-lived plasma cells. Only HA-bivalent vaccines completely protect mice against challenge with homologous influenza virus. Similar results are obtained with other antigens by targeting CD11c and Xcr1 on dendritic cells (DCs) or when administering the vaccine as protein with adjuvant. Bivalency probably increases B cell responses by cross-linking BCRs in readily observable DC-B cell synapses. These results are important for generating potent APC-targeted vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniëla Maria Hinke
- K.G. Jebsen Centre for Influenza Vaccine Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo 0372, Norway; Department of Immunology (IMM), University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo 0372, Norway
| | - Tor Kristian Andersen
- K.G. Jebsen Centre for Influenza Vaccine Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo 0372, Norway; Department of Immunology (IMM), University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo 0372, Norway
| | | | - Lise Madelene Skullerud
- Department of Immunology (IMM), University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo 0372, Norway
| | | | - Gunnveig Grødeland
- K.G. Jebsen Centre for Influenza Vaccine Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo 0372, Norway; Department of Immunology (IMM), University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo 0372, Norway
| | - Even Fossum
- K.G. Jebsen Centre for Influenza Vaccine Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo 0372, Norway; Department of Immunology (IMM), University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo 0372, Norway
| | - Ranveig Braathen
- K.G. Jebsen Centre for Influenza Vaccine Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo 0372, Norway; Department of Immunology (IMM), University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo 0372, Norway.
| | - Bjarne Bogen
- K.G. Jebsen Centre for Influenza Vaccine Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo 0372, Norway; Department of Immunology (IMM), University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo 0372, Norway.
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Hu K, Li L, Huang Y, Ye S, Zhong J, Yan Q, Zhong Y, Fu L, Feng P, Li H. Radiosynthesis and Preclinical Evaluation of Bispecific PSMA/FAP Heterodimers for Tumor Imaging. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15030383. [PMID: 35337180 PMCID: PMC8949503 DOI: 10.3390/ph15030383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to tumor heterogeneity and complex tumor–stromal interactions in multicellular systems, the efficiency of monospecific tracers for tumor diagnosis and therapy is currently limited. In light of the evidence of prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) overexpression in tumor cells and fibroblast activation protein (FAP) upregulation in the tumor stroma, heterodimer dual targeting PSMA and FAP may have the potential to improve tumor diagnosis. Herein, we described the radiosynthesis, in vitro characterization, and micro-PET/CT imaging of two novel 18F-labeled bispecific PSMA/FAP heterodimers. 18F-labeled heterodimers showed high specificity and affinity targeting to PSMA and FAP in vitro and in vivo. Compared with the monospecific tracers [18F]AlF-PSMA-BCH and [18F]FAPI-42, both 18F-labeled heterodimers exhibited better tumor uptake in tumor-bearing mice. Their favorable characterizations such as convenient synthesis, high tumor uptake, and favorable pharmacokinetic profile could lead to their future applications as bispecific radiotracers for clinical cancer imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kongzhen Hu
- GDMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Control and Evaluation of Radiopharmaceuticals, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 Guangzhou North Road, Guangzhou 510515, China; (K.H.); (L.L.); (S.Y.); (J.Z.); (Q.Y.); (L.F.)
| | - Li Li
- GDMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Control and Evaluation of Radiopharmaceuticals, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 Guangzhou North Road, Guangzhou 510515, China; (K.H.); (L.L.); (S.Y.); (J.Z.); (Q.Y.); (L.F.)
| | - Yong Huang
- National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital & Shenzhen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Shenzhen 518116, China;
| | - Shimin Ye
- GDMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Control and Evaluation of Radiopharmaceuticals, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 Guangzhou North Road, Guangzhou 510515, China; (K.H.); (L.L.); (S.Y.); (J.Z.); (Q.Y.); (L.F.)
| | - Jiawei Zhong
- GDMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Control and Evaluation of Radiopharmaceuticals, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 Guangzhou North Road, Guangzhou 510515, China; (K.H.); (L.L.); (S.Y.); (J.Z.); (Q.Y.); (L.F.)
- Department of Chemistry, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China;
| | - Qingsong Yan
- GDMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Control and Evaluation of Radiopharmaceuticals, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 Guangzhou North Road, Guangzhou 510515, China; (K.H.); (L.L.); (S.Y.); (J.Z.); (Q.Y.); (L.F.)
- Department of Chemistry, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China;
| | - Yuhua Zhong
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China;
| | - Lilan Fu
- GDMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Control and Evaluation of Radiopharmaceuticals, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 Guangzhou North Road, Guangzhou 510515, China; (K.H.); (L.L.); (S.Y.); (J.Z.); (Q.Y.); (L.F.)
| | - Pengju Feng
- Department of Chemistry, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China;
| | - Hongsheng Li
- GDMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Control and Evaluation of Radiopharmaceuticals, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 Guangzhou North Road, Guangzhou 510515, China; (K.H.); (L.L.); (S.Y.); (J.Z.); (Q.Y.); (L.F.)
- Correspondence:
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Seo H, Sepuru KM, Putarjunan A, Aguirre L, Burrows BA, Torii KU. Intragenic suppressors unravel the role of the SCREAM ACT-like domain for bHLH partner selectivity in stomatal development. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2117774119. [PMID: 35173013 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2117774119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Multicellular organisms develop specialized cell types to achieve complex functions of tissues and organs. The basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) proteins act as master regulatory transcription factors of such specialized cell types. Plant stomata are cellular valves in the aerial epidermis for efficient gas exchange and water control. Stomatal differentiation is governed by sequential actions of three lineage-specific bHLH proteins, SPEECHLESS (SPCH), MUTE, and FAMA, specifying initiation and proliferation, commitment, and terminal differentiation, respectively. A broadly expressed bHLH, SCREAM (SCRM), heterodimerizes with SPCH/MUTE/FAMA and drives stomatal differentiation via switching its partners. Yet nothing is known about its heterodimerization properties or partner preference. Here, we report the role of the SCRM C-terminal ACT-like (ACTL) domain for heterodimerization selectivity. Our intragenic suppressor screen of a dominant scrm-D mutant identified the ACTL domain as a mutation hotspot. Removal of this domain or loss of its structural integrity abolishes heterodimerization with MUTE, but not with SPCH or FAMA, and selectively abrogates the MUTE direct target gene expression. Consequently, the scrm-D ACTL mutants confer massive clusters of arrested stomatal precursor cells that cannot commit to differentiation when redundancy is removed. Structural and biophysical studies further show that SPCH, MUTE, and FAMA also possess the C-terminal ACTL domain, and that ACTL•ACTL heterodimerization is sufficient for partner selectivity. Our work elucidates a role for the SCRM ACTL domain in the MUTE-governed proliferation-differentiation switch and suggests mechanistic insight into the biological function of the ACTL domain, a module uniquely associated with plant bHLH proteins, as a heterodimeric partner selectivity interface.
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Zhang M, Guo C, Chu Y, Xu R, Yin F, Qian J. [Dihydromyricetin reverses Herceptin resistance by up-regulating miR-98-5p and inhibiting IGF1R/HER2 dimer formation in SKBR3 cells]. Nan Fang Yi Ke Da Xue Xue Bao 2022; 42:207-214. [PMID: 35365444 DOI: 10.12122/j.issn.1673-4254.2022.02.06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the effect of dihydromyricetin on the expression of miR-98-5p and its mechanism in the development of Herceptin resistance in SKBR3 cells. METHODS The expression of IGF2 and miR-98-5p and their interaction relationship were analyzed by bioinformatics analysis through TargetScan online databases. SKBR3 cells and drug-resistant SKBR3-R cells were cultured in cell experiments. Xenograft tumor mice were constructed by SKBR3 and SKBR3-R cells. Proteins were detected by western blotting and immunohistochemistry. Transfected cells were constructed by shRNA lentivirus vectors. RT-QPCR was used to detect RNA. Cell proliferation was detected by MTS method. Cell jnvasion was detected by Transwell assay. Luciferase reporting assays were used to verify RNA interactions. IGF-1R/HER2 heterodimer was determined by immunocoprecipitation. RESULTS The expression of IGF2, p-IGF1R, p-Akt and p-S6K in SKBR3-R cells were significantly higher than those in SKBR3 cells, while the expression of PTEN protein was lower in SKBR3-R cells (P < 0.05). IGF1R/HER2 heterodimer in SKBR3-R cells was significantly increased (P < 0.01).The expression of IGF2 and invasion ability were significantly reduced while transfected with miR-98-5p in SKBR3-R cells (P < 0.05), but the IGF2 mRNA were no difference in both cells (P > 0.05). The expression of miR-98-5p was up-regulated and IGF2 was decreased in drug-resistant xenograft tumor mice after feeding with dihydromyricetin, and the tumor became more sensitivity to Herceptin (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Dihydromyricetin could induce the expression of miR-98-5p, which binds to IGF2 mRNA to reduce IGF2 expression, inhibit the IGF-1R/HER2 formation, thereby reversing cell resistance to Herceptin in SKBR3-R cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Zhang
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233000, China
| | - C Guo
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233000, China
| | - Y Chu
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233000, China
| | - R Xu
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233000, China
| | - F Yin
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233000, China
| | - J Qian
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233000, China
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Natale V, Stadlmayr G, Benedetti F, Stadlbauer K, Rüker F, Wozniak-Knopp G. Trispecific antibodies produced from mAb 2 pairs by controlled Fab-arm exchange. Biol Chem 2022; 403:509-523. [PMID: 35089662 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2021-0376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Bispecific antibodies and antibody fragments are therapeutics of growing importance. They are clinically applied for effector cell engagement, enhanced targeting selectivity, addressing of multiple cellular pathways and active transfer of certain activities into difficult-to-reach compartments. These functionalities could profit from a third antigen specificity. In this work we have employed symmetrical bispecific parental antibodies of mAb2 format, which feature a novel antigen binding site in the CH3 domains, and engineered them with a minimal number of point mutations to guide the formation of a controlled Fab-arm exchanged trispecific antibody at a high yield after reduction and re-oxidation. Two model antibodies, one reactive with EGFR, Her2 and VEGF, and one with Fab-arms binding to Ang2 and VEGF and an Fc fragment binding to VEGF, were prepared and examined for heterodimeric status, stability, antigen binding properties and biological activity. Resulting molecules were of good biophysical characteristics and retained antigen reactivity and biological activity of the parental mAb2 constructs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Natale
- Department of Biotechnology, Christian Doppler Laboratory for Innovative Immunotherapeutics, Institute of Molecular Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Muthgasse 18, A-1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Gerhard Stadlmayr
- Department of Biotechnology, Christian Doppler Laboratory for Innovative Immunotherapeutics, Institute of Molecular Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Muthgasse 18, A-1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Filippo Benedetti
- Department of Biotechnology, Christian Doppler Laboratory for Innovative Immunotherapeutics, Institute of Molecular Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Muthgasse 18, A-1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Katharina Stadlbauer
- Department of Biotechnology, Christian Doppler Laboratory for Innovative Immunotherapeutics, Institute of Molecular Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Muthgasse 18, A-1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Florian Rüker
- Department of Biotechnology, Christian Doppler Laboratory for Innovative Immunotherapeutics, Institute of Molecular Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Muthgasse 18, A-1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Gordana Wozniak-Knopp
- Department of Biotechnology, Christian Doppler Laboratory for Innovative Immunotherapeutics, Institute of Molecular Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Muthgasse 18, A-1190 Vienna, Austria
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Keresztes A, Olson K, Nguyen P, Lopez-Pier MA, Hecksel R, Barker NK, Liu Z, Hruby V, Konhilas J, Langlais PR, Streicher JM. Antagonism of the mu-delta opioid receptor heterodimer enhances opioid antinociception by activating Src and calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II signaling. Pain 2022; 163:146-158. [PMID: 34252907 PMCID: PMC8688156 DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000002320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT The opioid receptors are important regulators of pain, reward, and addiction. Limited evidence suggests the mu and delta opioid receptors form a heterodimer (MDOR), which may act as a negative feedback brake on opioid-induced analgesia. However, evidence for the MDOR in vivo is indirect and limited, and there are few selective tools available. We recently published the first MDOR-selective antagonist, D24M, allowing us to test the role of the MDOR in mice. We thus cotreated CD-1 mice with D24M and opioids in tail flick, paw incision, and chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy pain models. D24M treatment enhanced oxymorphone antinociception in all models by 54.7% to 628%. This enhancement could not be replicated with the mu and delta selective antagonists CTAP, naltrindole, and naloxonazine, and D24M had a mild transient effect in the rotarod test, suggesting this increase is selective to the MDOR. However, D24M had no effect on morphine or buprenorphine, suggesting that only specific opioids interact with the MDOR. To find a mechanism, we performed phosphoproteomic analysis on brainstems of mice. We found that the kinases Src and CaMKII were repressed by oxymorphone, which was restored by D24M. We were able to confirm the role of Src and CaMKII in D24M-enhanced antinociception using small molecule inhibitors (KN93 and Src-I1). Together, these results provide direct in vivo evidence that the MDOR acts as an opioid negative feedback brake, which occurs through the repression of Src and CaMKII signal transduction. These results further suggest that MDOR antagonism could be a means to improve clinical opioid therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Attila Keresztes
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson AZ USA
| | - Keith Olson
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson AZ USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, College of Science, University of Arizona, Tucson AZ USA
| | - Paul Nguyen
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson AZ USA
| | | | - Ryan Hecksel
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson AZ USA
| | - Natalie K. Barker
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson AZ USA
| | - Zekun Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, College of Science, University of Arizona, Tucson AZ USA
| | - Victor Hruby
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, College of Science, University of Arizona, Tucson AZ USA
| | - John Konhilas
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson AZ USA
| | - Paul R. Langlais
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson AZ USA
| | - John M. Streicher
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson AZ USA
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Yang Q, Zhang J, Kojima M, Takebayashi Y, Uragami T, Kiba T, Sakakibara H, Lee Y. ABCG11 modulates cytokinin responses in Arabidopsis thaliana. Front Plant Sci 2022; 13:976267. [PMID: 35958217 PMCID: PMC9358225 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.976267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The Arabidopsis ABC transporter ABCG11 transports lipidic precursors of surface coating polymers at the plasma membrane of epidermal cells. Mutants in ABCG11 exhibit severe developmental defects, suggesting that ABCG11 might also participate in phytohormone-mediated development. Here, we report that ABCG11 is involved in cytokinin-mediated development. The roots of abcg11 mutant seedlings failed to respond to cytokinins and accumulated more cytokinins than wild-type roots. When grown under short-day conditions, abcg11 exhibited longer roots and shorter hypocotyls compared to wild type, similar to abcg14, a knockout mutant in a cytokinin transporter. Treatment with exogenous trans-zeatin, which inhibits primary root elongation in the wild type, enhanced abcg11 primary root elongation. It also increased the expression of cytokinin-responsive Arabidopsis response regulator (ARR) genes, and the signal of the TCS::GFP reporter in abcg11 roots compared to wild-type roots, suggesting that cytokinin signaling was enhanced in abcg11 roots. When we treated only the roots of abcg11 with trans-zeatin, their shoots showed lower ARR induction than the wild type. The abcg14 abcg11 double mutant did not have additional root phenotypes compared to abcg11. Together, these results suggest that ABCG11 is necessary for normal cytokinin-mediated root development, likely because it contributes to cytokinin transport, either directly or indirectly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianying Yang
- Department of Life Sciences, POSTECH, Pohang, South Korea
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Life Sciences, POSTECH, Pohang, South Korea
- International Research Centre for Environmental Membrane Biology, Foshan University, Foshan, China
| | - Mikiko Kojima
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Japan
| | | | - Takuya Uragami
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Takatoshi Kiba
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Japan
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Sakakibara
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Japan
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Youngsook Lee
- Department of Life Sciences, POSTECH, Pohang, South Korea
- *Correspondence: Youngsook Lee,
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Ginsawaeng O, Heise C, Sangwan R, Karcher D, Hernández-Sánchez IE, Sampathkumar A, Zuther E. Subcellular Localization of Seed-Expressed LEA_4 Proteins Reveals Liquid-Liquid Phase Separation for LEA9 and for LEA48 Homo- and LEA42-LEA48 Heterodimers. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11121770. [PMID: 34944414 PMCID: PMC8698616 DOI: 10.3390/biom11121770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
LEA proteins are involved in plant stress tolerance. In Arabidopsis, the LEA_4 Pfam group is the biggest group with the majority of its members being expressed in dry seeds. To assess subcellular localization in vivo, we investigated 11 seed-expressed LEA_4 proteins in embryos dissected from dry seeds expressing LEA_4 fusion proteins under its native promoters with the Venus fluorescent protein (proLEA_4::LEA_4:Venus). LEA_4 proteins were shown to be localized in the endoplasmic reticulum, nucleus, mitochondria, and plastids. LEA9, in addition to the nucleus, was also found in cytoplasmic condensates in dry seeds dependent on cellular hydration level. Most investigated LEA_4 proteins were detected in 4-d-old seedlings. In addition, we assessed bioinformatic tools for predicting subcellular localization and promoter motifs of 11 seed-expressed LEA_4 proteins. Ratiometric bimolecular fluorescence complementation assays showed that LEA7, LEA29, and LEA48 form homodimers while heterodimers were formed between LEA7-LEA29 and LEA42-LEA48 in tobacco leaves. Interestingly, LEA48 homodimers and LEA42-LEA48 heterodimers formed droplets structures with liquid-like behavior. These structures, along with LEA9 cytoplasmic condensates, may have been formed through liquid-liquid phase separation. These findings suggest possible important roles of LLPS for LEA protein functions.
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Sun GC, Tse J, Hsu YH, Ho CY, Tseng CJ, Cheng PW. μ-Opioid Receptor-Mediated AT1R-TLR4 Crosstalk Promotes Microglial Activation to Modulate Blood Pressure Control in the Central Nervous System. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10111784. [PMID: 34829655 PMCID: PMC8615018 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10111784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Opioids, a kind of peptide hormone involved in the development of hypertension, cause systemic and cerebral inflammation, and affects regions of the brain that are important for blood pressure (BP) control. A cause-and-effect relationship exists between hypertension and inflammation; however, the role of blood pressure in cerebral inflammation is not clear. Evidence showed that AT1R and μOR heterodimers’ formation in the NTS might lead to the progression of hypertension. In this study, we investigated the formation of the μOR/AT1R heterodimer, determined its correlation with μORs level in the NTS, and explored the role of TLR4-dependent inflammation in the development of hypertension. Results showed that Ang II increased superoxide and Iba-1 (microgliosis marker: ionized calcium-binding adaptor molecule (1) levels in the NTS of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs). The AT1R II inhibitor, losartan, significantly decreased BP and abolished superoxide, Iba-1, TLR4 expression induced by Ang II. Furthermore, losartan significantly increased nNsOSS1416 phosphorylation. Administration of a μOR agonist or antagonist in the NTS of WKY and SHRs increased endogenous μ-opioids, triggered the formation of μOR/AT1R heterodimers and the TLR4-dependent inflammatory pathway, and attenuated the effect of depressor nitric oxide (NO). These results imply an important link between neurotoxicity and superoxides wherein abnormal increases in NTS endogenous μ-opioids promote the interaction between Ang II and μOR, the binding of Ang II to AT1R, and the activation of microglia. In addition, the interaction between Ang II and μOR enhanced the formation of the AT1R and μOR heterodimers, and inactivated nNOS-derived NO, leading to the development of progressive hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gwo-Ching Sun
- Department of Anesthesiology, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 813414, Taiwan;
- Department of Anesthesiology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; (J.T.); (Y.-H.H.)
- Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Education and Research, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 813414, Taiwan; (C.-Y.H.); (C.-J.T.)
| | - Jockey Tse
- Department of Anesthesiology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; (J.T.); (Y.-H.H.)
- Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Ho Hsu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; (J.T.); (Y.-H.H.)
- Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Chiu-Yi Ho
- Department of Medical Education and Research, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 813414, Taiwan; (C.-Y.H.); (C.-J.T.)
- Department of Biomedical Science, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Jiunn Tseng
- Department of Medical Education and Research, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 813414, Taiwan; (C.-Y.H.); (C.-J.T.)
- Department of Biomedical Science, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Wen Cheng
- Department of Medical Education and Research, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 813414, Taiwan; (C.-Y.H.); (C.-J.T.)
- Department of Biomedical Science, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-7-3422121 (ext. 71593); Fax: +886-7-3468056
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Sanchez NA, Kallweit LM, Trnka MJ, Clemmer CL, Al-Sady B. Heterodimerization of H3K9 histone methyltransferases G9a and GLP activates methyl reading and writing capabilities. J Biol Chem 2021; 297:101276. [PMID: 34619147 PMCID: PMC8564726 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.101276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Unique among metazoan repressive histone methyltransferases, G9a and GLP, which chiefly target histone 3 lysine 9 (H3K9), require dimerization for productive H3K9 mono (me1)- and dimethylation (me2) in vivo. Intriguingly, even though each enzyme can independently methylate H3K9, the predominant active form in vivo is a heterodimer of G9a and GLP. How dimerization influences the central H3K9 methyl binding ("reading") and deposition ("writing") activity of G9a and GLP and why heterodimerization is essential in vivo remains opaque. Here, we examine the H3K9me "reading" and "writing" activities of defined, recombinantly produced homo- and heterodimers of G9a and GLP. We find that both reading and writing are significantly enhanced in the heterodimer. Compared with the homodimers, the heterodimer has higher recognition of H3K9me2, and a striking ∼10-fold increased turnover rate for nucleosomal substrates under multiple turnover conditions, which is not evident on histone tail peptide substrates. Cross-linking Mass Spectrometry suggests that differences between the homodimers and the unique activity of the heterodimer may be encoded in altered ground state conformations, as each dimer displays different domain contacts. Our results indicate that heterodimerization may be required to relieve autoinhibition of H3K9me reading and chromatin methylation evident in G9a and GLP homodimers. Relieving this inhibition may be particularly important in early differentiation when large tracts of H3K9me2 are typically deposited by G9a-GLP, which may require a more active form of the enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas A Sanchez
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, George Williams Hooper Foundation, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA; TETRAD Graduate Program, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Lena M Kallweit
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, George Williams Hooper Foundation, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Michael J Trnka
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Charles L Clemmer
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, George Williams Hooper Foundation, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Bassem Al-Sady
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, George Williams Hooper Foundation, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.
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Poltavets V, Faulkner JW, Dhatrak D, Whitfield RJ, McColl SR, Kochetkova M. CXCR4-CCR7 Heterodimerization Is a Driver of Breast Cancer Progression. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:1049. [PMID: 34685420 DOI: 10.3390/life11101049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Metastatic breast cancer has one of the highest mortality rates among women in western society. Chemokine receptors CXCR4 and CCR7 have been shown to be linked to the metastatic spread of breast cancer, however, their precise function and underlying molecular pathways leading to the acquisition of the pro-metastatic properties remain poorly understood. We demonstrate here that the CXCR4 and CCR7 receptor ligands, CXCL12 and CCL19, cooperatively bind and selectively elicit synergistic signalling responses in invasive breast cancer cell lines as well as primary mammary human tumour cells. Furthermore, for the first time, we have documented the presence of CXCR4-CCR7 heterodimers in advanced primary mammary mouse and human tumours where number of CXCR4-CCR7 complexes directly correlate with the severity of the disease. The functional significance of the CXCR4-CCR7 association was also demonstrated when their forced heterodimerization led to the acquisition of invasive phenotype in non-metastatic breast cancer cells. Taken together, our data establish the CXCR4-CCR7 receptor complex as a new functional unit, which is responsible for the acquisition of breast cancer cell metastatic phenotype and which may serve as a novel biomarker for invasive mammary tumours.
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Watanabe A, Mizoguchi I, Hasegawa H, Katahira Y, Inoue S, Sakamoto E, Furusaka Y, Sekine A, Miyakawa S, Murakami F, Xu M, Yoneto T, Yoshimoto T. A Chaperone-Like Role for EBI3 in Collaboration With Calnexin Under Inflammatory Conditions. Front Immunol 2021; 12:757669. [PMID: 34603342 PMCID: PMC8484754 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.757669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The interleukin-6 (IL-6)/IL-12 family of cytokines plays critical roles in the induction and regulation of innate and adaptive immune responses. Among the various cytokines, only this family has the unique characteristic of being composed of two distinct subunits, α- and β-subunits, which form a heterodimer with subunits that occur in other cytokines as well. Recently, we found a novel intracellular role for one of the α-subunits, Epstein-Barr virus-induced gene 3 (EBI3), in promoting the proper folding of target proteins and augmenting its expression at the protein level by binding to its target protein and a well-characterized lectin chaperone, calnexin, presumably through enhancing chaperone activity. Because calnexin is ubiquitously and constitutively expressed but EBI3 expression is inducible, these results could open an avenue to establish a new paradigm in which EBI3 plays an important role in further increasing the expression of target molecules at the protein level in collaboration with calnexin under inflammatory conditions. This theory well accounts for the heterodimer formation of EBI3 with p28, and probably with p35 and p19 to produce IL-27, IL-35, and IL-39, respectively. In line with this concept, another β-subunit, p40, plays a critical role in the assembly-induced proper folding of p35 and p19 to produce IL-12 and IL-23, respectively. Thus, chaperone-like activities in proper folding and maturation, which allow the secretion of biologically active heterodimeric cytokines, have recently been highlighted. This review summarizes the current understanding of chaperone-like activities of EBI3 to form heterodimers and other associations together with their possible biological implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aruma Watanabe
- Department of Immunoregulation, Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Izuru Mizoguchi
- Department of Immunoregulation, Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideaki Hasegawa
- Department of Immunoregulation, Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Katahira
- Department of Immunoregulation, Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinya Inoue
- Department of Immunoregulation, Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Eri Sakamoto
- Department of Immunoregulation, Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuma Furusaka
- Department of Immunoregulation, Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ami Sekine
- Department of Immunoregulation, Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satomi Miyakawa
- Department of Immunoregulation, Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Fumihiro Murakami
- Department of Immunoregulation, Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mingli Xu
- Department of Immunoregulation, Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshihiko Yoneto
- Department of Immunoregulation, Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takayuki Yoshimoto
- Department of Immunoregulation, Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
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Gorka M, Baldansuren A, Malnati A, Gruszecki E, Golbeck JH, Lakshmi KV. Shedding Light on Primary Donors in Photosynthetic Reaction Centers. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:735666. [PMID: 34659164 PMCID: PMC8517396 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.735666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Chlorophylls (Chl)s exist in a variety of flavors and are ubiquitous in both the energy and electron transfer processes of photosynthesis. The functions they perform often occur on the ultrafast (fs-ns) time scale and until recently, these have been difficult to measure in real time. Further, the complexity of the binding pockets and the resulting protein-matrix effects that alter the respective electronic properties have rendered theoretical modeling of these states difficult. Recent advances in experimental methodology, computational modeling, and emergence of new reaction center (RC) structures have renewed interest in these processes and allowed researchers to elucidate previously ambiguous functions of Chls and related pheophytins. This is complemented by a wealth of experimental data obtained from decades of prior research. Studying the electronic properties of Chl molecules has advanced our understanding of both the nature of the primary charge separation and subsequent electron transfer processes of RCs. In this review, we examine the structures of primary electron donors in Type I and Type II RCs in relation to the vast body of spectroscopic research that has been performed on them to date. Further, we present density functional theory calculations on each oxidized primary donor to study both their electronic properties and our ability to model experimental spectroscopic data. This allows us to directly compare the electronic properties of hetero- and homodimeric RCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Gorka
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
| | - Amgalanbaatar Baldansuren
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology and The Baruch ’60 Center for Biochemical Solar Energy Research, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, United States
| | - Amanda Malnati
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology and The Baruch ’60 Center for Biochemical Solar Energy Research, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, United States
| | - Elijah Gruszecki
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology and The Baruch ’60 Center for Biochemical Solar Energy Research, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, United States
| | - John H. Golbeck
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
| | - K. V. Lakshmi
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology and The Baruch ’60 Center for Biochemical Solar Energy Research, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, United States
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Abstract
The eukaryotic tRNA guanine transglycosylase (TGT) is an RNA modifying enzyme incorporating queuine, a hypermodified guanine derivative, into the tRNAsAsp,Asn,His,Tyr. While both subunits of the functional heterodimer have been crystallized individually, much of our understanding of its dimer interface or recognition of a target RNA has been inferred from its more thoroughly studied bacterial homolog. However, since bacterial TGT, by incorporating queuine precursor preQ1, deviates not only in function, but as a homodimer, also in its subunit architecture, any inferences regarding the subunit association of the eukaryotic heterodimer or the significance of its unique catalytically inactive subunit are based on unstable footing. Here, we report the crystal structure of human TGT in its heterodimeric form and in complex with a 25-mer stem loop RNA, enabling detailed analysis of its dimer interface and interaction with a minimal substrate RNA. Based on a model of bound tRNA, we addressed a potential functional role of the catalytically inactive subunit QTRT2 by UV-crosslinking and mutagenesis experiments, identifying the two-stranded βEβF-sheet of the QTRT2 subunit as an additional RNA-binding motif.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Sievers
- Department of Molecular Structural Biology, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Luisa Welp
- Bioanalytical Mass Spectrometry Group, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Henning Urlaub
- Bioanalytical Mass Spectrometry Group, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Göttingen, Germany.,Bioanalytics Group, Institute for Clinical Chemistry, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ralf Ficner
- Department of Molecular Structural Biology, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.,Cluster of Excellence "Multiscale Bioimaging: From Molecular Machines to Networks of Excitable Cells" (Mbexc), University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
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Kilu W, Merk D, Steinhilber D, Proschak E, Heering J. Heterodimer formation with retinoic acid receptor RXRα modulates coactivator recruitment by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor PPARγ. J Biol Chem 2021; 297:100814. [PMID: 34081964 PMCID: PMC8258697 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.100814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Nuclear receptors (NRs) activate transcription of target genes in response to binding of ligands to their ligand-binding domains (LBDs). Typically, in vitro assays use either gene expression or the recruitment of coactivators to the isolated LBD of the NR of interest to measure NR activation. However, this approach ignores that NRs function as homo- as well as heterodimers and that the LBD harbors the main dimerization interface. Cofactor recruitment is thereby interconnected with oligomerization status as well as ligand occupation of the partnering LBD through allosteric cross talk. Here we present a modular set of homogeneous time-resolved FRET-based assays through which we investigated the activation of PPARγ in response to ligands and the formation of heterodimers with its obligatory partner RXRα. We introduced mutations into the RXRα LBD that prevent coactivator binding but do not interfere with LBD dimerization or ligand binding. This enabled us to specifically detect PPARγ coactivator recruitment to PPARγ:RXRα heterodimers. We found that the RXRα agonist SR11237 destabilized the RXRα homodimer but promoted formation of the PPARγ:RXRα heterodimer, while being inactive on PPARγ itself. Of interest, incorporation of PPARγ into the heterodimer resulted in a substantial gain in affinity for coactivator CBP-1, even in the absence of ligands. Consequently, SR11237 indirectly promoted coactivator binding to PPARγ by shifting the oligomerization preference of RXRα toward PPARγ:RXRα heterodimer formation. These results emphasize that investigation of ligand-dependent NR activation should take NR dimerization into account. We envision these assays as the necessary assay tool kit for investigating NRs that partner with RXRα.
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Affiliation(s)
- Whitney Kilu
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Daniel Merk
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Dieter Steinhilber
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany; Assay development and screening, Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Ewgenij Proschak
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany; Assay development and screening, Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Jan Heering
- Assay development and screening, Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Frankfurt, Germany.
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Orth B, Sander B, Möglich A, Diederichs K, Eilers M, Lorenz S. Identification of an atypical interaction site in the BTB domain of the MYC-interacting zinc-finger protein 1. Structure 2021; 29:1230-1240.e5. [PMID: 34186024 DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2021.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The repurposing of structurally conserved protein domains in different functional contexts is thought to be a driving force in the evolution of complex protein interaction networks. The BTB/POZ domain is such a versatile binding module that occurs over 200 times in the human proteome with diverse protein-specific adaptations. In BTB-zinc-finger transcription factors, the BTB domain drives homo- and heterodimerization as well as interactions with non-BTB-domain-containing proteins. Which mechanisms encode specificity in these interactions at a structural level is incompletely understood. Here, we uncover an atypical peptide-binding site in the BTB domain of the MYC-interacting zinc-finger protein 1 (MIZ1) that arises from local flexibility of the core BTB fold and may provide a target site for MIZ1-directed therapeutic approaches. Intriguingly, the identified binding mode requires the BTB domain to be in a homodimeric state, thus holding opportunities for functional discrimination between homo- and heterodimers of MIZ1 in the cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Orth
- Rudolf Virchow Center for Integrative and Translational Bioimaging, University of Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany; Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Bodo Sander
- Rudolf Virchow Center for Integrative and Translational Bioimaging, University of Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Möglich
- Lehrstuhl für Biochemie, University of Bayreuth, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Kay Diederichs
- Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Martin Eilers
- Lehrstuhl für Biochemie, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Sonja Lorenz
- Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, 37077 Göttingen, Germany.
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Chen Y, Liu X, Wu R, Cui J, Hu G, Wang L. Dual Active Center-Assembled Cu 31S 16-Co 9-xNi xS 8 Heterodimers: Coherent Interface Engineering Induces Multihole Accumulation for Light-Enhanced Electrocatalytic Oxygen Evolution. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2021; 13:20094-20104. [PMID: 33890773 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c02353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The design of low-cost yet highly efficient electrocatalysts plays a critical role in energy storage and conversion reactions. The oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is considered a bottleneck of electrochemical water splitting for hydrogen fuel generation. It is still challenging to extract a high density of charge carriers in noble-metal-free alternative catalysts to facilitate sluggish kinetics. Herein, we report the rational design and coherent interface engineering for combining light-harvesting Cu31S16 with electroactive Co9-xNixS8 (x = 0-9) to form novel Cu31S16-Co9-xNixS8 heterodimers. By delicately controlling the kinetic growth in a seed-mediated growth method, the bifunctional centers, even with two distinct crystal phases, were integrated into a synergistic architecture, which achieved full-spectrum solar energy capture and light conversion to drive and activate the electrochemical reaction. Benefiting from the well-defined structure, high-quality interface, oriented attachment, and optimal Co/Ni bimetal ratio, Cu31S16-Co7.2Ni1.8S8 produces a dramatically reduced overpotential (242 mV at 10 mA cm-2) with a shift of 83 mV under visible-light excitation, achieving a 4.5-fold higher turnover frequency than that of its unirradiated Co7.2Ni1.8S8 counterpart. This enhanced performance also far exceeds commercial RuO2 (358 mV at 10 mA cm-2) and most nonprecious-metal nanocatalysts. Further mechanistic studies reveal that coherent interface engineering leads to a strong photo/electricity coupling effect and efficient spatial charge separation, which induces sufficient hot holes that eventually accumulate at the electroactive sites to accelerate the multihole-involved OER. This work would open up new opportunities for the fabrication of non-noble metal electrocatalysts and management of charge carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueguang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Xintian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Renjie Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Jiabin Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Gaofei Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Leyu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
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Yang X, He Z, Zheng Y, Wang N, Mulinge M, Schmit JC, Steinmetz A, Seguin-Devaux C. Chemical Constituents of Cassia abbreviata and Their Anti-HIV-1 Activity. Molecules 2021; 26:2455. [PMID: 33922460 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26092455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Three new (1–3) and 25 known compounds were isolated from the crude extract of Cassia abbreviata. The chemical structures of new compounds were established by extensive spectroscopic analyses including 1D and 2D NMR and HRESIMS. Cassiabrevone (1) is the first heterodimer of guibourtinidol and planchol A. Compound 2 was a new chalcane, while 3 was a new naphthalene. Cassiabrevone (1), guibourtinidol-(4α→8)-epiafzelechin (4), taxifolin (8), oleanolic acid (17), piceatannol (22), and palmitic acid (28), exhibited potent anti-HIV-1 activity with IC50 values of 11.89 µM, 15.39 µM, 49.04 µM, 7.95 µM, 3.58 µM, and 15.97 µM, respectively.
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Ren Y, Huang Z, Jiang H, Wang Z, Wu F, Xiong Y, Yao J. A heat stress responsive NAC transcription factor heterodimer plays key roles in rice grain filling. J Exp Bot 2021; 72:2947-2964. [PMID: 33476364 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erab027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
High temperature often leads to failure of grain filling in rice (Oryza sativa) causing yield loss, but the underlying mechanisms are still not elucidated. Here, we report that two genes encoding seed-specific NAM/ATAF/CUC (NAC) domain transcription factors, ONAC127 and ONAC129, are responsive to heat stress and involved in the grain filling process of rice. ONAC127 and ONAC129 are dominantly expressed in the pericarp and can form a heterodimer during rice grain filling. CRISPR/Cas9 induced mutants and overexpression lines were then generated to investigate the function of these two transcription factors. Interestingly, both knock-out and overexpression plants showed incomplete grain filling and shrunken grains, which became more severe under heat stress. Transcriptome analysis revealed that ONAC127 and ONAC129 mainly regulate stimulus response and nutrient transport. ChIP-seq analysis identified that the direct target genes of ONAC127 and ONAC129 in developing rice seeds include monosaccharide transporter gene OsMST6, sugar transporter gene OsSWEET4, calmodulin-like protein gene OsMSR2 and AP2/ERF factor gene OsEATB. These results suggest that ONAC127 and ONAC129 regulate grain filling by affecting sugar transportation and abiotic stress responses. Overall, this study demonstrates a transcriptional regulatory network with ONAC127 and ONAC129 coordinating multiple pathways to modulate seed development and heat stress responses at rice reproductive stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Ren
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Zhouquan Huang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Hao Jiang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Zhuo Wang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Fengsheng Wu
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yufei Xiong
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jialing Yao
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
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Sepuru KM, Rajarathnam K. Structural basis of a chemokine heterodimer binding to glycosaminoglycans. Biochem J 2021; 478:1009-21. [PMID: 33463672 DOI: 10.1042/BCJ20200927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Chemokines Cxcl1/KC and Cxcl2/MIP2 play a crucial role in coordinating neutrophil migration to the insult site. Chemokines' recruitment activity is regulated by monomer-dimer equilibrium and binding to glycosaminoglycans (GAGs). GAG chains exist as covalently linked to core proteins of proteoglycans (PGs) and also as free chains due to cleavage by heparanases during the inflammatory response. Compared with free GAGs, binding to GAGs in a PG is influenced by their fixed directionality due to covalent linkage and restricted mobility. GAG interactions impact chemokine monomer/dimer levels, chemotactic and haptotactic gradients, life time, and presentation for receptor binding. Here, we show that Cxcl1 and Cxcl2 also form heterodimers. Using a disulfide-trapped Cxcl1-Cxcl2 heterodimer, we characterized its binding to free heparin using nuclear magnetic resonance and isothermal titration calorimetry, and to immobilized heparin and heparan sulfate using surface plasmon resonance. These data, in conjunction with molecular docking, indicate that the binding characteristics such as geometry and stoichiometry of the heterodimer are different between free and immobilized GAGs and are also distinctly different from those of the homodimers. We propose that the intrinsic asymmetry of the heterodimer structure, along with differences in its binding to PG GAGs and free GAGs, regulate chemokine function.
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Wang M, Zhai Y, Lu L, Zhang C, Li N, Xue S, Cheng D, Fu S, Liu Q, Zhang C. Elucidation of the dimeric interplay of dual MRAP2 proteins in the zebrafish. J Cell Physiol 2021; 236:6472-6480. [PMID: 33559170 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The melanocortin receptor accessory protein 2 (MRAP2) plays an essential role in the regulation of metabolic homeostasis and deletion of which results in severe obesity syndrome in mice and human. Mammalian MRAP2 is recognized as an endogenous physiological mediator through the potentiation of the MC4R signaling in vivo. Two isoforms of MRAP2 are identified in zebrafish genome, zMRAP2a and zMRAP2b. However, the mechanism of assembling dual topology and the regulatory roles of each complex on the melanocortin cascades remains unclear. In this study, we showed the bidirectional homo- and hetero-dimeric topologies of two zebrafish MRAP2 isoforms on the plasma membrane. Orientation fixed chimeric proteins could affect the trafficking and pharmacological properties of zMC4R signaling. Reciprocal replacement of zMRAP2a and zMRAP2b proteins elucidated the major participation of the carboxyl terminal as the functional domain for modulating zMC4R signaling. Our findings revealed the complex and dynamic conformational regulation of dual zebrafish MRAP2 proteins in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Wang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Institute of Precision Medicine, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yue Zhai
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, Translational Medical Center for Stem Cell Therapy and Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Liumei Lu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, Translational Medical Center for Stem Cell Therapy and Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Cong Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, Translational Medical Center for Stem Cell Therapy and Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Na Li
- Yantai Derui Bio-Tech Co.,Ltd, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Song Xue
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, Translational Medical Center for Stem Cell Therapy and Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Daofu Cheng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, Translational Medical Center for Stem Cell Therapy and Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shaliu Fu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, Translational Medical Center for Stem Cell Therapy and Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qi Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, Translational Medical Center for Stem Cell Therapy and Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Institute of Precision Medicine, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, Translational Medical Center for Stem Cell Therapy and Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
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