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Mariën J, Sage M, Bangura U, Lamé A, Koropogui M, Rieger T, Soropogui B, Douno M, Magassouba N, Fichet-Calvet E. Rodent control strategies and Lassa virus: some unexpected effects in Guinea, West Africa. Emerg Microbes Infect 2024; 13:2341141. [PMID: 38597241 PMCID: PMC11034454 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2024.2341141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
The Natal multimammate mouse (Mastomys natalensis) is the host of Lassa mammarenavirus, causing Lassa haemorrhagic fever in West Africa. As there is currently no operational vaccine and therapeutic drugs are limited, we explored rodent control as an alternative to prevent Lassa virus spillover in Upper Guinea, where the disease is highly endemic in rural areas. In a seven-year experiment, we distributed rodenticides for 10-30 days once a year and, in the last year, added intensive snap trapping for three months in all the houses of one village. We also captured rodents both before and after the intervention period to assess their effectiveness by examining alterations in trapping success and infection rates (Lassa virus RNA and IgG antibodies). We found that both interventions reduced the rodent population by 74-92% but swiftly rebounded to pre-treatment levels, even already six months after the last snap-trapping control. Furthermore, while we observed that chemical control modestly decreased Lassa virus infection rates annually (a reduction of 5% in seroprevalence per year), the intensive trapping unexpectedly led to a significantly higher infection rate (from a seroprevalence of 28% before to 67% after snap trapping control). After seven years, we conclude that annual chemical control, alone or with intensive trapping, is ineffective and sometimes counterproductive in preventing Lassa virus spillover in rural villages. These unexpected findings may result from density-dependent breeding compensation following culling and the survival of a small percentage of chronically infected rodents that may spread the virus to a new susceptible generation of mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joachim Mariën
- Evolutionary Ecology group, Department of Biology University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- Virus Ecology unit, Department of Biomedical sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Mickaël Sage
- Faune INNOV’ R&D – Wildlife INNOVATION, Besançon, France
| | - Umaru Bangura
- Implementation Research, Zoonoses Control group, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Alicia Lamé
- Faune INNOV’ R&D – Wildlife INNOVATION, Besançon, France
| | - Michel Koropogui
- Projet des fièvres Hémorragiques en Guinée, Laboratoire de Virologie, Conakry, Guinea
| | - Toni Rieger
- Department of Virology, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Barré Soropogui
- Projet des fièvres Hémorragiques en Guinée, Laboratoire de Virologie, Conakry, Guinea
| | - Moussa Douno
- Projet des fièvres Hémorragiques en Guinée, Laboratoire de Virologie, Conakry, Guinea
| | - N’Faly Magassouba
- Projet des fièvres Hémorragiques en Guinée, Laboratoire de Virologie, Conakry, Guinea
| | - Elisabeth Fichet-Calvet
- Implementation Research, Zoonoses Control group, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany
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Ataide LMS, Greene AD, Cloonan KR, Gill MA, Vargas G, Tabanca N, Reyes-Arauz I, Velazquez-Hernandez Y, Revynthi AM. Exploring market-available pheromone lures and traps for monitoring Anthonomus testaceosquamosus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). J Econ Entomol 2024:toae105. [PMID: 38757658 DOI: 10.1093/jee/toae105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2024] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
The hibiscus bud weevil (HBW), Anthonomus testaceosquamosus Linell (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), is a significant threat to tropical hibiscus (Hibiscus rosa-sinensis) in Florida, USA, since its invasion in 2017. As a regulated pest in the state, early detection is crucial. Based on the success of pheromone-based monitoring programs for other weevil pests, such as the boll weevil, cranberry weevil, and pepper weevil, this study explores the potential use of these pheromone lures for early detection of HBW. To account for differences in efficacy based on trap color, height, and design, different pheromone lure sizes (4 mm, 10 mm, full-size), trap types (Yellow sticky trap, Japanese beetle trap, Boll weevil trap), and heights (0 m, 1.1 m) were also tested in this study. In laboratory assays, males and females exhibited higher attraction to full-size cranberry weevil lure discs than other lure size-type combinations. In semi-field trials, yellow sticky traps baited with cranberry weevil lures captured more weevils than Japanese beetle or boll weevil traps baited with cranberry weevil lures, while trap height did not influence HBW capture. In semi-field, 4-choice bioassays, yellow sticky traps baited with cranberry weevil lures captured more HBW compared to yellow sticky traps baited with pepper weevil, boll weevil, or unbaited traps. Further research is required to thoroughly evaluate the cranberry weevil lure's efficacy in capturing HBW. Our study suggests the potential for utilizing yellow sticky traps baited with lures for early HBW detection and highlights the importance of selecting the appropriate lure, trap type, and height for optimal efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Livia M S Ataide
- Tropical Research and Education Center, Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of Florida, Homestead, FL 33031, USA
| | - A Daniel Greene
- Wanek School of Natural Sciences, Department of Biology, High Point University, High Point, NC 27262, USA
| | - Kevin R Cloonan
- United States Department of Agriculture-Agriculture Research Service, Subtropical Horticulture Research Station, 13601 Old Cutler Road, Miami, FL 33158, USA
| | - Micah A Gill
- United States Department of Agriculture-Agriculture Research Service, Subtropical Horticulture Research Station, 13601 Old Cutler Road, Miami, FL 33158, USA
| | - German Vargas
- Tropical Research and Education Center, Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of Florida, Homestead, FL 33031, USA
| | - Nurhayat Tabanca
- United States Department of Agriculture-Agriculture Research Service, Subtropical Horticulture Research Station, 13601 Old Cutler Road, Miami, FL 33158, USA
| | - Isamar Reyes-Arauz
- Tropical Research and Education Center, Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of Florida, Homestead, FL 33031, USA
| | - Yisell Velazquez-Hernandez
- Tropical Research and Education Center, Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of Florida, Homestead, FL 33031, USA
| | - Alexandra M Revynthi
- Tropical Research and Education Center, Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of Florida, Homestead, FL 33031, USA
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Li XL, Zhang JJ, Li DD, Cai XY, Qi YX, Lu YY. Toxicity of Beauveria bassiana to Bactrocera dorsalis and effects on its natural predators. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1362089. [PMID: 38756732 PMCID: PMC11096544 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1362089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Entomopathogenic fungi (EPF) are economical and environmentally friendly, forming an essential part of integrated pest management strategies. We screened six strains of Beauveria bassiana (B1-B6) (Hypocreales: Cordycipitaceae), of which B4 was the most virulent to Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel) (Diptera: Tephritidae). We further assessed the biological characteristics of strain B4 and the environmental factors influencing its ability to infect B. dorsalis. We also evaluated the effects of B4 on two of the natural predators of B. dorsalis. We found that strain B4 was the most virulent to 3rd instar larvae, pupae, and adult B. dorsalis, causing mortality rates of 52.67, 61.33, and 90.67%, respectively. B4 was not toxic to B. dorsalis eggs. The optimum B4 effects on B. dorsalis were achieved at a relative humidity of 91-100% and a temperature of 25°C. Among the six insecticides commonly used for B. dorsalis control, 1.8% abamectin emulsifiable concentrate had the strongest inhibitory effect on B4 strain germination. B4 spraying affected both natural enemies (Amblyseius cucumeris and Anastatus japonicus), reducing the number of A. cucumeris and killing A. japonicus adults. We found a valuable strain of EPF (B4) that is virulent against many life stages of B. dorsalis and has great potential for the biological control of B. dorsalis. We also provide an important theoretical and practical base for developing a potential fungicide to control B. dorsalis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Yong-yue Lu
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
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Hausmann J, Heimbach U, Gabriel D, Brandes M. Effects of regional crop rotations on autumn insect pests in winter oilseed rape. Pest Manag Sci 2024; 80:2371-2382. [PMID: 37572375 DOI: 10.1002/ps.7716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chemical control of insect pests in oilseed rape (OSR) is becoming increasingly difficult due to the development of resistance and restrictive insecticide approvals in Europe. At the same time, there is a lack of preventive and alternative control measures. Crop rotation mostly fails to control insects due to their mobility; however, changing regional cropping densities can dilute or concentrate pest pressure. In this study, we investigated whether the local occurrence of Psylliodes chrysocephala and Delia radicum, serious insect pests in winter OSR, is influenced by distance from the previous year's OSR fields and how changes in OSR rape cropping density at a regional scale (up to 10 km radius) affect pest pressure. RESULTS Abundance of P. chrysocephala in yellow water traps decreased with increasing distance to previous year's OSR. Estimated catches in the first 3 weeks of migration were about 68-76% lower at 10 km distance compared to 1 km in autumn 2019 and 2020. However, in both seasons P. chrysocephala was able to disperse over distances of 10 km. Probability of root damage by D. radicum was affected by changes of OSR cropping area at a spatial scale of 2.5 km radius; it increased if acreage of OSR decreased. Furthermore, aphid infestation was lower when OSR was distant in the previous year. CONCLUSION This study could enable field-specific risk assessment and prediction of pest pressure. To decide about the effectiveness of cropping breaks at a regional level as a preventive crop protection measure, more knowledge on other pest species and antagonists is needed. © 2023 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Hausmann
- Julius Kühn-Institut (JKI), Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Institute for Plant Protection in Field Crops and Grassland, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Udo Heimbach
- Julius Kühn-Institut (JKI), Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Institute for Plant Protection in Field Crops and Grassland, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Doreen Gabriel
- Julius Kühn-Institut (JKI), Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Institute for Crop and Soil Science, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Meike Brandes
- Julius Kühn-Institut (JKI), Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Institute for Plant Protection in Field Crops and Grassland, Braunschweig, Germany
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Thiel L, Mergenthaler M, Wutke M, Haberlah-Korr V. Use of insect pest thresholds in oilseed rape and cereals: is it worth it? Pest Manag Sci 2024; 80:2353-2361. [PMID: 37402269 DOI: 10.1002/ps.7647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Integrated pest management (IPM) uses thresholds to minimize pesticide use, and field monitoring of damaging organisms is an important component to evaluate whether or not thresholds have been breached. However, monitoring requires time and knowledge which impacts costs and benefits. In this study, we evaluated the effects of using insect pest thresholds on time effort, frequency of insecticide treatment and economics in comparison with common farm practices (business as usual) in winter wheat (WW), winter barley (WB) and winter oilseed rape (OSR). This study was done over 2 years (2018 to 2020) on 24 conventionally managed farms in North Rhine-Westphalia (Germany). RESULTS Farmers spent significantly more time (42 min ha-1/season) monitoring insect pests in OSR than in WW (16 min ha-1/season) and WB (19 min ha-1/season). The use of insecticides in OSR was significantly reduced by 42% in comparison to business as usual. In cereal crops, the use of insecticide treatment was reduced by 50% but this was not significantly different to business as usual. Yields were not significantly reduced when crops were managed in accordance with IPM, and negative differences were small and not significant. However, economically, the costs of monitoring can only be recovered when labor costs and commodity prices are low and insecticide cost is high. CONCLUSION Insect pest thresholds can help link the policy and environmental goals of insecticide reduction and the agronomic goal of production security. In the future, the time and cost required for monitoring should be reduced through intelligent solutions and tools, increasing the economic viability of monitoring and IPM. © 2023 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Thiel
- Faculty of Agronomy, South Westphalia University of Applied Sciences, Soest, Germany
| | - Marcus Mergenthaler
- Faculty of Agronomy, South Westphalia University of Applied Sciences, Soest, Germany
| | - Martin Wutke
- Faculty of Agronomy, South Westphalia University of Applied Sciences, Soest, Germany
| | - Verena Haberlah-Korr
- Faculty of Agronomy, South Westphalia University of Applied Sciences, Soest, Germany
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Sulg S, Kovács G, Willow J, Kaasik R, Smagghe G, Lövei GL, Veromann E. Spatiotemporal distancing of crops reduces pest pressure while maintaining conservation biocontrol in oilseed rape. Pest Manag Sci 2024; 80:2250-2259. [PMID: 36715695 DOI: 10.1002/ps.7391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Agricultural landscapes provide resources for arthropod pests as well as their natural enemies. To develop integrated pest management (IPM) practices, it is important to understand how spatiotemporal location influences crop colonization and damage severity. We performed a 3-year (2016-2018) field experiment in winter oilseed rape (OSR, Brassica napus) fields in Estonia, where half of the fields were within 500 m of the location of the previous year's winter OSR field and half were outside this zone. We investigated how distance from the previous year's OSR crop influences the infestation and parasitism rates of two of its most important pests: the pollen beetle (Brassicogethes aeneus) and the cabbage seed weevil (Ceutorhynchus obstrictus). RESULTS When the distance from the previous year's OSR crop was >500 m, we recorded significantly reduced pest pressure by both B. aeneus and C. obstrictus in the study fields. Biocontrol of both pests, provided by parasitic wasps, was high in each study year and commonly not affected by distance. Mean parasitism rates of B. aeneus were >31%, occasionally reaching >70%; for C. obstrictus, mean parasitism was >46%, reaching up to 79%, thereby providing effective biocontrol for both pest species. CONCLUSION Spatiotemporal separation of OSR fields can reduce pest pressure without resulting in reduced parasitism of OSR pests. This supports a spatiotemporal field separation concept as an effective and sustainable technique for IPM in OSR. © 2023 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silva Sulg
- Chair of Plant Health, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Gabriella Kovács
- Chair of Plant Health, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Jonathan Willow
- Chair of Plant Health, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu, Estonia
- Department of Plants and Crops, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Riina Kaasik
- Chair of Plant Health, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Guy Smagghe
- Department of Plants and Crops, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Gabor L Lövei
- Department of Agroecology, Aarhus University, Slagelse, Denmark
- ELKH-DE Anthropocene Ecology Research Group, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
- Department of Zoology & Ecology, Hungarian University of Agricultural and Life Sciences, Godollo, Hungary
| | - Eve Veromann
- Chair of Plant Health, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu, Estonia
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Ortega-Ramos PA, Mauchline AL, Metcalfe H, Cook SM, Girling RD, Collins L. Modelling the factors affecting the spatiotemporal distribution of cabbage stem flea beetle (Psylliodes chrysocephala) larvae in winter oilseed rape (Brassica napus) in the UK. Pest Manag Sci 2024; 80:2267-2281. [PMID: 36827249 DOI: 10.1002/ps.7427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cabbage stem flea beetle (CSFB; Psylliodes chrysocephala L.) management in oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) has become an urgent issue in the absence of permitted and effective insecticides. Understanding the meteorological and management factors affecting their population dynamics has become critical to the development of pest management strategies. RESULTS The spatio-temporal changes in CSFB larval populations were assessed both in autumn and spring, in the UK from 2003 to 2017 (a period encompassing pre-and post-neonicotinoid insecticide restriction). After the neonicotinoid ban in 2013, the number of larvae both in autumn and spring increased 10-fold in the UK. When neonicotinoids were available, later sown crops contained fewer larvae than early sown crops, and bigger fields had fewer larvae than smaller fields, whereas after the ban, bigger fields tended to have more larvae than smaller fields. Wet and mild/hot Septembers were related with higher numbers of larvae when neonicotinoids were available and with lower larval numbers after the neonicotinoid ban. Low temperatures in December and January combined with high rainfall were related with high numbers of larvae in spring both before and after the neonicotinoid ban. CONCLUSION This study will help to produce decision support systems that allow future predictions of regional CSFB population changes and will help growers and consultants to adjust their management methods to reduce the risk of high infestations. © 2023 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alice L Mauchline
- School of Agriculture Policy and Development, University of Reading, Berkshire, UK
| | - Helen Metcalfe
- Protecting Crops and Environment, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, UK
| | - Samantha M Cook
- Protecting Crops and Environment, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, UK
| | - Robbie D Girling
- School of Agriculture Policy and Development, University of Reading, Berkshire, UK
| | - Larissa Collins
- Fera Science Ltd, National Agri-Food Innovation Campus, York, UK
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Price CSV, Campbell H, Pope TW. Assessing the potential of biopesticides to control the cabbage stem flea beetle Psylliodes chrysocephala. Pest Manag Sci 2024; 80:2471-2479. [PMID: 37622417 DOI: 10.1002/ps.7746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cabbage stem flea beetle (CSFB) is an economically important pest of oilseed rape crops in Europe that was effectively controlled by neonicotinoid insecticide seed treatments until they were banned by the European Union in 2013. Since then, CSFB has been a difficult pest to control effectively, in part due to many populations having developed resistance to pyrethroids, the only authorized insecticides used to control this pest in many countries. Alternative solutions are therefore necessary, such as biopesticides. We tested an entomopathogenic fungus, three entomopathogenic bacteria isolates, two fatty acids and azadirachtin against CSFB adults under laboratory conditions. We also tested the efficacy of the pyrethroid insecticide lambda-cyhalothrin. RESULTS Fatty acids were effective, with up to 100% CSFB mortality after 24 h. The entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana resulted in up to 56% mortality 14 days after treatment. Entomopathogenic bacteria formulations and azadirachtin were not effective (<50% and <40% mortality, respectively). Results from a bioassay using lambda-cyhalothrin indicated that the CSFB used in this study were resistant to this insecticide. CONCLUSION Entomopathogenic fungi and fatty acids could potentially be used to control CSFB as part of an integrated pest management programme. This study is the first to investigate the efficacy of different biopesticides to control CSFB under laboratory conditions. As such, these biopesticides require further testing to optimise the formulation and application methods, and to assess the impact on nontarget organisms. Finally, efficacy under field conditions must be determined to understand the influence of environmental variables. © 2023 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Heather Campbell
- Centre for Crop and Environmental Science, Agriculture and Environment Department, Harper Adams University, Newport, UK
| | - Tom William Pope
- Centre for Crop and Environmental Science, Agriculture and Environment Department, Harper Adams University, Newport, UK
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Frankenstein D, Luu MS, Luna-Ayala J, Willett DS, Filgueiras CS. Soil moisture conditions alter behavior of entomopathogenic nematodes. J Sci Food Agric 2024; 104:4383-4390. [PMID: 38323469 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.13326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A variety of environmental factors can disrupt biotic interactions between plants, insects and soil microorganisms with consequences for agricultural management and production. Many of these belowground interactions are mediated by volatile organic compounds (VOCs) which can be used for communication under appropriate environmental conditions. Behavioral responses to these compounds may likewise be dependent on varying soil conditions which are influenced by a changing climate. To determine how changing environmental conditions may affect VOC-mediated biotic interactions, we used a belowground system where entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) - tiny roundworm parasitoids of soil-borne insects - respond to VOCs by moving through the soil pore matrix. Specifically, we used two genera of EPNs - Heterorhabditis and Steinernema - that are known to respond to four specific terpenes - α-pinene, linalool, d-limonene and pregeijerene - released by the roots of plants in the presence of herbivores. We assessed the response of these nematodes to these terpenes under three moisture regimes to determine whether drier conditions or inundated conditions may influence the response behavior of these nematodes. RESULTS Our results illustrate that the recovery rate of EPNs is positively associated with soil moisture concentration. As soil moisture concentration increases from 6% to 18%, substantially more nematodes are recovered from bioassays. In addition, we find that soil moisture influences EPN preference for VOCs, as illustrated in the variable response rates. Certain compounds shifted from acting as a repellent to acting as an attractant and vice versa depending on the soil moisture concentration. CONCLUSION On a broad scale, we demonstrate that soil moisture has a significant effect on EPN host-seeking behavior. EPN efficacy as biological control agents could be affected by climate change projections that predict varying soil moisture concentrations. We recommend that maintaining nematodes as biological control agents is essential for sustainable agriculture development, as they significantly contribute not only to soil health but also to efficient pest management. © 2024 The Authors. Journal of The Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana Frankenstein
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Macawan S Luu
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Maryland Baltimore County, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Jennifer Luna-Ayala
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina Asheville, Asheville, NC, USA
| | - Denis S Willett
- North Carolina Institute for Climate Studies, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Camila S Filgueiras
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina Asheville, Asheville, NC, USA
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10
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Bick E, Sigsgaard L, Torrance MT, Helmreich S, Still L, Beck B, El Rashid R, Lemmich J, Nikolajsen T, Cook SM. Dynamics of pollen beetle (Brassicogethes aeneus) immigration and colonization of oilseed rape (Brassica napus) in Europe. Pest Manag Sci 2024; 80:2306-2313. [PMID: 37183217 DOI: 10.1002/ps.7538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Understanding the dynamics of pest immigration into an agroecosystem enables effective and timely management strategies. The pollen beetle (Brassicogethes aeneus) is a primary pest of the inflorescence stages of oilseed rape (Brassica napus). This study investigated the spatial and temporal dynamics of pollen beetle immigration into oilseed rape fields in Denmark and the UK using multiple methods, including optical sensors. RESULTS In all fields, pollen beetles were found to be aggregated and beetle density was related to plant growth stage, with more beetles occurring on plants after the budding stage than before inflorescence development. Optical sensors were the most efficient monitoring method, recording pollen beetles 2 and 4 days ahead of water traps and counts from plant scouting, respectively. CONCLUSION Optical sensors are a promising tool for early warning of insect pest immigration. The aggregation pattern of pollen beetles post immigration could be used to precisely target control in oilseed rape crops. © 2023 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Bick
- Section for Organismal Biology, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, DK, USA
- FaunaPhotonics APS, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Entomology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Lene Sigsgaard
- Section for Organismal Biology, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, DK, USA
- Faculty of Biosciences, Department of Plant Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 5003, Ås, NO-1432, Norway
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Coston DJ, Clark SJ, Breeze TD, Field LM, Potts SG, Cook SM. Quantifying the impact of Psylliodes chrysocephala injury on the productivity of oilseed rape. Pest Manag Sci 2024; 80:2383-2392. [PMID: 37899495 DOI: 10.1002/ps.7860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Current European Union and United Kingdom legislation prohibits the use of neonicotinoid insecticidal seed treatments in oilseed rape (OSR, Brassica napus). This ban, and the reduction in efficacy of pyrethroid insecticide sprays due to resistance, has exacerbated pest pressure from the cabbage stem flea beetle (Psylliodes chrysocephala) in winter OSR. We quantified the direct impact of P. chrysocephala injury on the productivity of OSR. Leaf area was removed from young plants to simulate differing intensities of adult feeding injury alone or in combination with varying larval infestation levels. RESULTS OSR can compensate for up to 90% leaf area loss at early growth stages, with no meaningful effect on yield. Significant impacts were observed with high infestations of more than five larvae per plant; plants were shorter, produced fewer flowers and pods, with fewer seeds per pod which had lower oil content and higher glucosinolate content. Such effects were not recorded when five larvae or fewer were present. CONCLUSION These data confirm the yield-limiting potential of the larval stages of P. chrysocephala but suggest that the current action thresholds which trigger insecticide application for both adult and larval stages (25% leaf area loss and five larvae/plant, respectively) are potentially too low as they are below the physiological injury level where plants can fully compensate for damage. Further research in field conditions is needed to define physiological thresholds more accurately as disparity may result in insecticide applications that are unnecessary to protect yield and may in turn exacerbate the development and spread of insecticide resistance in P. chrysocephala. © 2023 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duncan J Coston
- School of Agriculture, Policy and Development, University of Reading, Berkshire, UK
- Rothamsted Research, Hertfordshire, UK
- ADAS Boxworth, Cambridgeshire, UK
| | | | - Tom D Breeze
- School of Agriculture, Policy and Development, University of Reading, Berkshire, UK
| | | | - Simon G Potts
- School of Agriculture, Policy and Development, University of Reading, Berkshire, UK
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Ahmed N, Zhang B, Deng L, Bozdar B, Li J, Chachar S, Chachar Z, Jahan I, Talpur A, Gishkori MS, Hayat F, Tu P. Advancing horizons in vegetable cultivation: a journey from ageold practices to high-tech greenhouse cultivation-a review. Front Plant Sci 2024; 15:1357153. [PMID: 38685958 PMCID: PMC11057267 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1357153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Vegetable cultivation stands as a pivotal element in the agricultural transformation illustrating a complex interplay between technological advancements, evolving environmental perspectives, and the growing global demand for food. This comprehensive review delves into the broad spectrum of developments in modern vegetable cultivation practices. Rooted in historical traditions, our exploration commences with conventional cultivation methods and traces the progression toward contemporary practices emphasizing the critical shifts that have refined techniques and outcomes. A significant focus is placed on the evolution of seed selection and quality assessment methods underlining the growing importance of seed treatments in enhancing both germination and plant growth. Transitioning from seeds to the soil, we investigate the transformative journey from traditional soil-based cultivation to the adoption of soilless cultures and the utilization of sustainable substrates like biochar and coir. The review also examines modern environmental controls highlighting the use of advanced greenhouse technologies and artificial intelligence in optimizing plant growth conditions. We underscore the increasing sophistication in water management strategies from advanced irrigation systems to intelligent moisture sensing. Additionally, this paper discusses the intricate aspects of precision fertilization, integrated pest management, and the expanding influence of plant growth regulators in vegetable cultivation. A special segment is dedicated to technological innovations, such as the integration of drones, robots, and state-of-the-art digital monitoring systems, in the cultivation process. While acknowledging these advancements, the review also realistically addresses the challenges and economic considerations involved in adopting cutting-edge technologies. In summary, this review not only provides a comprehensive guide to the current state of vegetable cultivation but also serves as a forward-looking reference emphasizing the critical role of continuous research and the anticipation of future developments in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazir Ahmed
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Baige Zhang
- Key Laboratory for New Technology Research of Vegetables, Vegetable Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Science, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lansheng Deng
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bilquees Bozdar
- Faculty of Crop Production, Sindh Agriculture University, Tandojam, Pakistan
| | - Juan Li
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Sadaruddin Chachar
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zaid Chachar
- College of Agriculture and Biology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Itrat Jahan
- Faculty of Crop Production, Sindh Agriculture University, Tandojam, Pakistan
| | - Afifa Talpur
- Faculty of Crop Production, Sindh Agriculture University, Tandojam, Pakistan
| | | | - Faisal Hayat
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Panfeng Tu
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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13
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Hernández-Teixidor D, Duarte S, Taheri A, Borges PAV, Nunes L. Molecular identification of the invasive subterranean termite Reticulitermes grassei (Blattodea: Rhinotermitidae) outside its known distribution: introduction routes and implications for pest management strategies. J Econ Entomol 2024:toae071. [PMID: 38616044 DOI: 10.1093/jee/toae071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Despite providing important ecosystem services, termites are also serious pests of wooden structures. Termites are highly adaptive organisms that cause concern as an invasive species. Predictions of the future spread of their distribution range due to factors such as climate change, urban growth, and global trade present new challenges to our capacity to protect our wood and wood-based materials and structures effectively. Reticulitermes grassei Clément, 1978 (Blattodea: Rhinotermitidae) is a subterranean termite native to the Iberian Peninsula and France, whose global distribution has widened over recent years. This article updates the distribution range of this species, confirming its identification in the Azores, Madeira, and Morocco through molecular analysis. The origin and consequences of these putative invasive populations are discussed in light of previously available data. The resulting network showed a highly structured base consisting of many haplotypes from the southern and southwestern Iberian Peninsula (Spain and Portugal), including those from Morocco (in natural landscapes) and Switzerland (in infrastructures). The more derived part of the network includes the haplotypes from southwest France, the northwest Iberian Peninsula, the United Kingdom, Azores, and Madeira, the last 3 being linked probably to human-mediated transportation events. The potential impacts of invasive subterranean termite populations expanding into new regions are concerning, especially in urban environments, and remain uncertain in natural areas. The challenges posed by these termites could be especially worrying in island ecosystems. Hence, it is crucial to implement early warning systems and monitoring programs in regions susceptible to subterranean termite invasions.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Hernández-Teixidor
- Island Ecology and Evolution Research Group, Instituto de Productos Naturales y Agrobiología (IPNA-CSIC), La Laguna 38206, Canary Islands, Spain
| | - Sónia Duarte
- Structures Department, LNEC, National Laboratory for Civil Engineering, Av. do Brasil, 101, Lisbon 1700-066, Portugal
| | - Ahmed Taheri
- Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology, Ecology and Ecosystem, Faculty of Sciences of El Jadida, Chouaib Doukkali University, P.O. Box 20, El Jadida 24000, Morocco
| | - Paulo A V Borges
- cE3c-Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes/Azorean Biodiversity Group/CHANGE-Global Change and Sustainability Institute, University of Azores, School of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences (FCAA), Rua Capitão João d'Àvila, Pico da Urze, Angra do Heroísmo 9700-042, Azores, Portugal
| | - Lina Nunes
- Structures Department, LNEC, National Laboratory for Civil Engineering, Av. do Brasil, 101, Lisbon 1700-066, Portugal
- cE3c-Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes/Azorean Biodiversity Group/CHANGE-Global Change and Sustainability Institute, University of Azores, School of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences (FCAA), Rua Capitão João d'Àvila, Pico da Urze, Angra do Heroísmo 9700-042, Azores, Portugal
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14
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Aigbedion-Atalor P, de Rocquigny N, Acebes-Doria A. Efficacy of long-lasting insecticide-incorporated nets on 2 scolytinae pests, the coffee berry borer Hypothenemus hampei and tropical nut borer Hypothenemus obscurus under laboratory conditions. J Econ Entomol 2024; 117:545-554. [PMID: 38412327 DOI: 10.1093/jee/toae020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
Several pests affect coffee (Coffea spp., Rubiaceae) and macadamia, Macadamia integrifolia Maiden & Betche (Proteaceae) in Hawaii. The coffee berry borer, Hypothenemus hampei (Ferrari) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae), is the most damaging to coffee, while the tropical nut borer, Hypothenemus obscurus (Fabricius) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae), is one of the worst pests of macadamia. This paper investigates the potential efficacy of a long-lasting insecticide-incorporated net (LLIN) under laboratory conditions to manage these pests. The LLIN (40 denier with mesh size 625 knots/in²), incorporated with α-cypermethrin (0.34%), was excised into 100 mm circles and inserted in 100 mm Petri dishes. Nets with the same quality but without insecticides were used as control treatments. Twenty beetles (H. obscurus or H. hampei) each were placed on the treated and non-treated netting at 4 treatment or exposure hours-1, 6, 12, and 24-with 5 replicates. Subsequently, the beetles were ranked alive, affected, or dead. The results showed that the LLIN with α-cypermethrin had significant lethal and sub-lethal effects on both Hypothenemus species, causing over 90% mortality after 24 h of exposure and paralysis after 1, 6, and 12 h of exposure. The highest lethality value was recorded after 24 h of exposure for both H. obscurus and H. hampei. The LT50 of H. obscurus and H. hampei was 18.78 min and 2.15 h, respectively, while the LT90 values were 32.11 and 20.67 h. These results imply the potential effectiveness of LLINs with α-cypermethrin for management of H. obscurus and H. hampei, but field studies are warranted for optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascal Aigbedion-Atalor
- Daniel K. Inouye US Pacific Basin Agricultural Research Center, United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) Agricultural Research Service (ARS), Hilo, HI, USA
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
- National Horticultural Research Institute (NIHORT), Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | - Nathalie de Rocquigny
- Daniel K. Inouye US Pacific Basin Agricultural Research Center, United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) Agricultural Research Service (ARS), Hilo, HI, USA
- Tropical Conservation Biology and Environmental Science, University of Hawaii at Hilo, Hilo, HI, USA
| | - Angelita Acebes-Doria
- Daniel K. Inouye US Pacific Basin Agricultural Research Center, United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) Agricultural Research Service (ARS), Hilo, HI, USA
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15
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Lannan MC, Guédot C. Attract-and-kill for managing Popillia japonica (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) abundance and leaf injury in commercial vineyards. J Econ Entomol 2024; 117:508-515. [PMID: 38428947 DOI: 10.1093/jee/toae031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
Popillia japonica Newman (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) feeding negatively impacts many plant species, including grapes, potentially reducing fruit quality and yield. Chemical control, representing the current grower standard, relies on frequent broadcast applications of broad-spectrum insecticides, with alternative management strategies mostly lacking. Attract-and-kill (A&K) is a behavioral management strategy that combines semiochemical attractants and a killing agent on a substrate. This study assessed the impact of A&K on (i) the number of P. japonica adults and (ii) the percent of P. japonica feeding injury on grape foliage compared to the grower standard in commercial vineyards. This 2-year study was conducted at 3 commercial vineyards with 4 paired plots consisting of a grower standard control and an A&K treatment. The A&K treatment consisted of commercial lures, each placed on outside-edge grapevines, and weekly applications of carbaryl on the plants holding lures. The grower standard received broadcast insecticide applications at the grower's discretion. The A&K treatment experienced similar numbers of P. japonica adults and similar proportions of leaf injury compared to the grower standard. The use of A&K reduced by 96% the crop area treated with insecticides compared to the grower standard. The area treated by A&K was at the edge of the vineyards, where more leaf injury occurred regardless of treatment. A&K is a targeted approach that was effective at managing P. japonica and reducing chemical inputs on a small scale. It has the potential to be scaled up and refined to provide growers with a new management strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitchell C Lannan
- Department of Entomology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1630 Linden Drive, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Christelle Guédot
- Department of Entomology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1630 Linden Drive, Madison, WI 53706, USA
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16
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Rondon SI, Shrestha G. Developing lygus bug control strategies in potatoes: plant variety, vertical distribution effect, and insecticide efficacy studies. J Econ Entomol 2024; 117:529-536. [PMID: 38367210 DOI: 10.1093/jee/toae011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
The Columbia Basin of Oregon and Washington is one of the most productive potatoes, Solanum tuberosum L., growing regions in the United States affected by numerous insect pests. Lygus bugs, Lygus spp. (Hemiptera: Miridae), are an increasing problem in potatoes. In 2015, after an outbreak of lygus bugs in potatoes in the Columbia Basin, potato producers used multiple applications of insecticides to control lygus bugs. However, it is poorly researched whether lygus bugs can cause economic damage to the crop. Therefore, our objectives were (i) to determine lygus bugs presence in potato plants, (ii) to determine damage on most commonly grown potato varieties (e.g., Alturas Russet, Ranger Russet, Umatilla Russet, Russet Burbank, and Clearwater Russet), (iii) to determine the number of insecticide applications needed to control lygus bugs, and (iv) to estimate the relationship between lygus bug density and potato yield loss. This study demonstrated that the lygus complex is widely present in the Columbia Basin, Lygus spp. prefers the upper 1/3 section of potato plants in all varieties tested, and the number of applications throughout a field season does not affect yield regardless of variety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia I Rondon
- Oregon Integrated Pest Management Center, Crop and Soil Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97330, USA
| | - Govinda Shrestha
- Southern Oregon Research and Extension Center, Central Point, OR 97502, USA
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17
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Zriki G, Belois R, Fournier C, Tergoat-Bertrand L, Poupart PY, Bardel A, Gard B, Rode NO. A fast and reliable larval sampling method for improving the monitoring of fruit flies in soft and stone fruits. J Econ Entomol 2024; 117:578-584. [PMID: 38240091 PMCID: PMC11011625 DOI: 10.1093/jee/toae001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
The spotted-wing drosophila, Drosophila suzukii (Matsumura) (Diptera: Drosophilidae), threatens both the soft-skinned and stone fruit industry in Asia, Europe, and America. Integrated pest management requires monitoring for infestation rates in real time. Although baited traps for adult D. suzukii are widely used for field monitoring, trap captures are weakly correlated to larval infestation rates. Thus, monitoring for larvae instead of adult flies represents the most reliable monitoring technique. Current methods for larval monitoring (e.g., sugar or salt floatation) are time-consuming and labor-intensive. In this study, we develop a new "sleeve method" for detecting larvae in strawberries through the inspection of individual fruits crushed within transparent plastic sleeves. Samples can be optionally frozen until further processing. Based on count data from non-expert observers, the estimation of larval infestation with the sleeve method is fast, precise, and highly repeatable within and among observers. Mean processing time is half the time compared to previous methods (33-80 s per sample depending on infestation levels). As the accuracy of the sleeve method decreases with infestation levels, we suggest ways to improve its accuracy by incubating fruits for 48 h and calibrating data using fruits with a known number of larvae. The method could also be used in other fruits, as it is easier to use, faster, and requires less equipment than previous monitoring methods. Finally, the method represents a promising tool for growers or researchers to effectively monitor and manage D. suzukii and other insect pests of soft and stone fruits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghais Zriki
- CTIFL, Centre de Balandran, Bellegarde, France
| | - Rémy Belois
- CTIFL, Centre de Balandran, Bellegarde, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Nicolas O Rode
- CBGP, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAE, Institut Agro, IRD, Montpellier, France
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18
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Johnson MA, Manoukis NC. Coffee berry borer (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) population dynamics across Hawaii Island's diverse coffee-growing landscape: optimizing location-specific pesticide applications. J Econ Entomol 2024:toae061. [PMID: 38577920 DOI: 10.1093/jee/toae061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2024] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
A major challenge to area-wide management of coffee berry borer (Hypothenemus hampei Ferrari) (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) is understanding how a heterogeneous coffee-growing landscape affects coffee berry borer population dynamics across temporal and spatial scales. We examined coffee phenology, weather, coffee berry borer flight activity, infestation, coffee berry borer position within the fruit, and management across 14 commercial coffee farms from 2016 to 2018 on Hawaii Island to characterize variation among districts and elevations. Here we aim to determine whether the timing of pesticide applications might be optimized based on specific locations. We observed larger populations of coffee berry borer at low-elevation farms and in the Kona district compared to mid- and high-elevation farms and the Ka'u district. Temperature, relative humidity, and rainfall all differed significantly across districts and elevations. We also observed a trend of higher fruit production at low-elevation farms compared to high-elevation farms, and differences in the timing of fruit development. Infestation increased with higher pest pressure and air temperatures and reduced fruit availability early and late in the season. Lastly, the timing and number of management interventions varied among districts and elevations. Combining information on trap catch, infestation, coffee berry borer position, and plant phenology, we present an optimized pesticide spray schedule for each location and find that the number of sprays could be reduced by 33-75% in comparison to the existing integrated pest management recommendations while maintaining effective control. Implementing a coordinated area-wide approach refined by small-scale optimization will lead to improved management of coffee berry borer on individual farms and a reduction in pest pressure across the coffee-growing landscape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa A Johnson
- Daniel K. Inouye US Pacific Basin Agricultural Research Center, United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, 64 Nowelo St., Hilo, HI 96720, USA
| | - Nicholas C Manoukis
- Daniel K. Inouye US Pacific Basin Agricultural Research Center, United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, 64 Nowelo St., Hilo, HI 96720, USA
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Casadei E, Valli E, Bendini A, Barbieri S, Tucci R, Ferioli F, Gallina Toschi T. Valorization of monovarietal Nostrana di Brisighella extra virgin olive oils: focus on bioactive compounds. Front Nutr 2024; 11:1353832. [PMID: 38638290 PMCID: PMC11024785 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1353832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
A "green breakthough" at the table due to consumer demand for healthy and sustainable foods, which aligns with the typical Mediterranean diet, has recently led to an increase in the consumption of products such as extra virgin olive oil. In fact, Italian olive cultivation, which contributes an average of 15% of world production, has seen the production of extra virgin olive oil with a value of exports that have doubled in the last 20 years. In this context, the olive oil sector of the Emilia-Romagna region (Italy), and in particular the PDO Brisighella, could achieve greater success with consumers by proposing a product obtained through sustainable agriculture that enhances the content of bioactive compounds. For these reasons, in this study, different agronomic variables are investigated in order to optimize the presence of bioactive components in extra virgin olive oil made from monovarietal Nostrana di Brisighella, namely phenolic and positive volatile compounds, thus naturally enriching this product both from health and sensory points of view. The study focuses on the volatile and phenolic fractions (derivatives of hydroxytyrosol and tyrosol) of olive oil and the positive sensory attributes (fruity, bitter and pungent) that are known to be associated with these molecules. The phenolic content is of particular interest due to the potential to support health claims. Extra virgin olive oil samples were produced from olives of the Nostrana di Brisighella cultivar; fruits were obtained through integrated pest management or organic farming and picked at four increasing indices of maturity, corresponding to four successive weeks of harvesting. These agronomic variables influenced the compositional and sensory characteristics of the extra virgin olive oils assessed, highlighting differences that likely derive from the effect of the agronomic system used, i.e., integrated pest management or organic farming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrico Casadei
- Department of Agricultural and Food Science, Alma Mater Studiorum – Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Interdepartmental Centre for Industrial Agrofood Research, Alma Mater Studiorum – Università di Bologna, Cesena, Italy
| | - Enrico Valli
- Department of Agricultural and Food Science, Alma Mater Studiorum – Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Interdepartmental Centre for Industrial Agrofood Research, Alma Mater Studiorum – Università di Bologna, Cesena, Italy
| | - Alessandra Bendini
- Department of Agricultural and Food Science, Alma Mater Studiorum – Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Interdepartmental Centre for Industrial Agrofood Research, Alma Mater Studiorum – Università di Bologna, Cesena, Italy
| | - Sara Barbieri
- Department of Agricultural and Food Science, Alma Mater Studiorum – Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Rosalba Tucci
- Department of Agricultural and Food Science, Alma Mater Studiorum – Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Federico Ferioli
- Department of Agricultural and Food Science, Alma Mater Studiorum – Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Tullia Gallina Toschi
- Department of Agricultural and Food Science, Alma Mater Studiorum – Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Interdepartmental Centre for Industrial Agrofood Research, Alma Mater Studiorum – Università di Bologna, Cesena, Italy
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Schieler M, Riemer N, Racca P, Kleinhenz B, Saucke H, Veith M, Meese B. GIS-Based Tool for Pest Specific Area-Wide Planning of Crop Rotation Distance with Land Use Data. Insects 2024; 15:249. [PMID: 38667379 PMCID: PMC11050688 DOI: 10.3390/insects15040249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2024] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Crop rotation is an important strategy for pest reduction. For mono-, or oligophagous pests that overwinter at a previously infested site, crop rotation means that the pests must find new host crop sites in the following year, and it is more efficient if a pest-specific distance is applied. Here, we report the development of a GIS-based tool for efficient cultivation planning using the example of the pest complex pea moth (Cydia nigricana) and grain and green peas (Pisum sativum). Monitoring data for four consecutive years (2016-2019) from 513 sites were used. Infestation of pea seeds and the distance to the previous year's pea sites were recorded. An adjustable Python script was developed by means of infestation-distance-correlation as a pest and crop-specific minimum migration distance (MD). The output of the tool is a risk map as decision support for cultivation planning. It shows different risk buffers with distances from 1261 m to 1825 m, depending on the cultivation type. The web tool is easily adjustable to other pests and crops anywhere in the world. The tool helps to prevent damages caused by agricultural, mono-, or oligophagous insect pests and consequently reduces pesticide applications for the benefit of the environment and biodiversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Schieler
- Central Institute for Decision Support Systems in Crop Protection, Rüdesheimer Str. 60-68, D-55545 Bad Kreuznach, Germany; (P.R.); (B.K.)
- Department of Biogeography, Faculty of Regional and Environmental Sciences, Trier University, Universitätsring 15, D-54286 Trier, Germany;
| | - Natalia Riemer
- Section of Ecological Plant Protection, Faculty of Organic Agricultural Sciences, University of Kassel, Nordbahnhofstr. 1a, D-37213 Witzenhausen, Germany; (N.R.); (H.S.)
| | - Paolo Racca
- Central Institute for Decision Support Systems in Crop Protection, Rüdesheimer Str. 60-68, D-55545 Bad Kreuznach, Germany; (P.R.); (B.K.)
| | - Benno Kleinhenz
- Central Institute for Decision Support Systems in Crop Protection, Rüdesheimer Str. 60-68, D-55545 Bad Kreuznach, Germany; (P.R.); (B.K.)
| | - Helmut Saucke
- Section of Ecological Plant Protection, Faculty of Organic Agricultural Sciences, University of Kassel, Nordbahnhofstr. 1a, D-37213 Witzenhausen, Germany; (N.R.); (H.S.)
| | - Michael Veith
- Department of Biogeography, Faculty of Regional and Environmental Sciences, Trier University, Universitätsring 15, D-54286 Trier, Germany;
| | - Bernd Meese
- Central Institute for Decision Support Systems in Crop Protection, Rüdesheimer Str. 60-68, D-55545 Bad Kreuznach, Germany; (P.R.); (B.K.)
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van Gerwen MA, Rodenburg TB, Arndt SS, Meerburg BG, Meijboom FL. Attitudes of clients of Dutch pest controllers towards integrated pest management (IPM) and preventive measures in relation to rodent nuisance. Pest Manag Sci 2024. [PMID: 38563486 DOI: 10.1002/ps.8113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2024] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rodent management with lethal methods (e.g., rodenticides) comes with downsides for rodent welfare, the environment and non-target species. To reduce chemical use and prevent rodent nuisance, pest controllers in the Netherlands must work according to the principles of integrated pest management (IPM). A condition for the success of IPM is that there is sufficient engagement of all parties involved, including clients of pest controllers. The aim of this study was to gain insight into the attitudes of clients regarding rodent control, IPM and the application of preventive measures. Insight into their attitudes may contribute to a better implementation of IPM and with that to a more sustainable rodent management based on more effective prevention. An online survey among 248 clients of Dutch pest controllers from both the agricultural and other sectors was carried out. RESULTS Respondents from the agricultural sector had a relatively negative attitude towards IPM, the new IPM regulations in the Netherlands and had little confidence in prevention. In other sectors, respondents were more positive about IPM and had more confidence in prevention. The respondents from the latter subgroup had a similar attitude compared to Dutch pest controllers who participated in a previous survey. CONCLUSION The findings of the study provide information for the further development and practical implementation of IPM and preventive measures and with that a more sustainable and animal friendly rodent management. They can also be helpful for a better communication and cooperation between pest controllers and their clients. © 2024 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maite Aam van Gerwen
- Centre for Sustainable Animal Stewardship, Division of Animals in Science and Society, Department Population Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - T Bas Rodenburg
- Division of Animals in Science and Society, Department Population Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Saskia S Arndt
- Division of Animals in Science and Society, Department Population Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Bastiaan G Meerburg
- Wageningen Livestock Research, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Dutch Pest & Wildlife Expertise Centre (Stichting Kennis- en Adviescentrum Dierplagen, KAD), Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Franck Lb Meijboom
- Centre for Sustainable Animal Stewardship, Division of Animals in Science and Society, Department Population Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Giannetti D, Patelli N, Palazzetti L, Betti Sorbelli F, Pinotti CM, Maistrello L. First use of unmanned aerial vehicles to monitor Halyomorpha halys and recognize it using artificial intelligence. Pest Manag Sci 2024. [PMID: 38563560 DOI: 10.1002/ps.8115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/31/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Halyomorpha halys is one of the most damaging invasive agricultural pests in North America and southern Europe. It is commonly monitored using pheromone traps, which are not very effective because few bugs are caught and some escape and/or remain outside the trap on surrounding plants where they feed, increasing the damage. Other monitoring techniques are based on visual sampling, sweep-netting and tree-beating. However, all these methods require several hours of human labor and are difficult to apply to large areas. The aim of this work is to develop an automated monitoring system that integrates image acquisition through the use of drones with H. halys detection through the use of artificial intelligence (AI). RESULTS The study results allowed the development of an automated flight protocol using a mobile app to capture high-resolution images. The drone caused only low levels of disturbance in both adult and intermediate instars, inducing freezing behavior in adults. Each of the AI models used achieved very good performance, with a detection accuracy of up to 97% and recall of up to 87% for the X-TL model. CONCLUSION The first application of this novel monitoring system demonstrated the potential of drones and AI to detect and quantify the presence of H. halys. The ability to capture high-altitude, high-resolution images makes this method potentially suitable for use with a range of crops and pests. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Giannetti
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Niccolò Patelli
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Palazzetti
- Department of Computer Science and Mathematics, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | | | - Cristina M Pinotti
- Department of Computer Science and Mathematics, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Lara Maistrello
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
- NBFC, National Biodiversity Future Center, Palermo, Italy
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Hou YY, Zang ZY, Lü WJ, Xu W, Desneux N, Zang LS. Transgenerational hormesis and sublethal effects of five key insecticides for controlling Spodoptera frugiperda on its endoparasitoid Cotesia marginiventris. Pest Manag Sci 2024; 80:1681-1691. [PMID: 38010617 DOI: 10.1002/ps.7899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The endoparasitoid Cotesia marginiventris (Cresson) is a promising biological control agent of the fall armyworm (FAW) Spodoptera frugiperda (Smith). Because the application of insecticides is one of the prime choices in pest management, we evaluated the sublethal and transgenerational effects of the five key insecticides-chlorantraniliprole, emamectin benzoate, spinetoram, Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt), and Mamestra brassicae nucleopolyhedrovirus (MbNPV)-on the parasitoid. RESULTS Exposure to five insecticides at a concentration causing 10% mortality (LC10 ) caused hormetic effects in the parent generation (F0 ) by increasing the parasitism and reducing the immature duration. Interestingly, the hormetic response was also observed in the offspring generation indirectly exposed to the insecticides. Furthermore, insecticides increased the parasitism rate by 6.32-14.73% in the F1 generation, which was similar to that of the F0 generation (3.96-11.81%) compared with the control. No significant adverse effect was observed on the number of emerged parasitoids of the F1 and F2 generations. However, insecticides had a detrimental impact on body size and fecundity in the F1 and F2 generations, which showed a small body size with shorter hind tibiae and a significant reduction in the female ratio compared with the control; the exception was that chlorantraniliprole significantly improved the female ratio in the F2 generation. CONCLUSIONS Five insecticides at LC10 induced transgenerational hormetic and sublethal effects on C. marginiventris. Our results provide a scientific basis for a better understanding of the long-term impacts of insecticides at sublethal doses on parasitoids, facilitating the development of improved integrated pest management programs for FAW control. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang-Yang Hou
- College of Plant Protection, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Zhuo-Yi Zang
- College of Plant Protection, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Wen-Jie Lü
- College of Plant Protection, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Wei Xu
- College of Plant Protection, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | | | - Lian-Sheng Zang
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
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Ranabhat S, Domingue MJ, Lebar L, Bingham GV, Zhu KY, Morrison WR. Disruption of semiochemical-mediated movement by the immature Trogoderma variabile Baillon and Trogoderma inclusum Le Conte (Coleoptera: Dermestidae) after exposure to long-lasting insecticide-incorporated netting. Pest Manag Sci 2024; 80:1702-1716. [PMID: 38010040 DOI: 10.1002/ps.7903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Highly mobile stored product insects may be able to readily orient in response to food cues and pheromones to attack durable commodities at each link of the postharvest supply chain. A 0.4% deltamethrin-incorporated long-lasting insecticide-incorporated netting (LLIN) is a successful novel preventative integrated pest management (IPM) tactic to intercept dispersing insects after harvest. However, it is unknown whether exposure to LLIN may affect olfaction and orientation to important semiochemicals by immature stored product dermestids, therefore the aim of this study was to assess whether exposure to LLIN disrupts the normal olfactory and chemotactic behavior of warehouse beetle, Trogoderma variabile Ballion (Coleoptera: Dermestidae), and the larger cabinet beetle, T. inclusum Le Conte (Coleoptera: Dermestidae), larval movement in the presence of important semiochemicals, including food kairomones (e.g., flour) and pheromones, e.g., (Z)-14-methyl-8-hexadecenal. RESULTS The distance moved by the larval population of T. variabile was reduced by 64% after 24-h exposure to LLIN compared to control netting but not immediately after exposure, while T. inclusum larvae movement was reduced by 50% after 24-h exposure to LLIN compared to the control netting. Generally, the olfaction and orientation of larval dermestids were affected after exposure to LLIN compared to control netting. There were species-linked differences in effects on olfaction after the insects were exposed to LLIN. CONCLUSION Our study suggests the use of LLIN may enhance the effectiveness of other concurrent behaviorally-based strategies such as mating disruption when used as part of a comprehensive IPM program in the postharvest environment. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry. This article has been contributed to by U.S. Government employees and their work is in the public domain in the USA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabita Ranabhat
- Department of Entomology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Michael J Domingue
- United States Department of Agriculture - Animal and Plant Health Inspection Services - Plant Protection and Quarantine, Science and Technology, Buzzards Bay, MA, USA
| | - Luke Lebar
- Department of Agronomy, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Georgina V Bingham
- Department of Entomology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Kun Yan Zhu
- Department of Entomology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - William R Morrison
- USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Center for Grain and Animal Health Research, Manhattan, KS, USA
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Fallet P, Bazagwira D, Ruzzante L, Ingabire G, Levivier S, Bustos-Segura C, Kajuga J, Toepfer S, Turlings TCJ. Entomopathogenic nematodes as an effective and sustainable alternative to control the fall armyworm in Africa. PNAS Nexus 2024; 3:pgae122. [PMID: 38628598 PMCID: PMC11020222 DOI: 10.1093/pnasnexus/pgae122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
The recent invasion of the fall armyworm (FAW), a voracious pest, into Africa and Asia has resulted in unprecedented increases in insecticide applications, especially in maize cultivation. The health and environmental hazards posed by these chemicals have prompted a call for alternative control practices. Entomopathogenic nematodes are highly lethal to the FAWs, but their application aboveground has been challenging. In this study, we report on season-long field trials with an innocuous biodegradable gel made from carboxymethyl cellulose containing local nematodes that we specifically developed to target the FAW. In several Rwandan maize fields with distinct climatic conditions and natural infestation rates, we compared armyworm presence and damage in control plots and plots that were treated with either our nematode gel formulation, a commercial liquid nematode formulation, or the commonly used contact insecticide cypermethrin. The treatments were applied to the whorl of each plant, which was repeated three to four times, at 2-week intervals, starting when the plants were still seedlings. Although all three treatments reduced leaf damage, only the gel formulation decreased caterpillar infestation by about 50% and yielded an additional ton of maize per hectare compared with untreated plots. Importantly, we believe that the use of nematodes can be cost-effective, since we used nematode doses across the whole season that were at least 3-fold lower than their normal application against belowground pests. The overall results imply that precisely formulated and easy-to-apply nematodes can be a highly effective, affordable, and sustainable alternative to insecticides for FAW control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Fallet
- Laboratory of Fundamental and Applied Research in Chemical Ecology, Institute of Biology, University of Neuchâtel, CH-2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
- CABI-Switzerland, c/o Plant Protection and Soil Conservation Directorate, HU-6800 Hodmezovasarhely, Hungary
| | - Didace Bazagwira
- Rwanda Agriculture and Animal Resources Development Board, Entomopathogenic Nematodes Production Facility, 5016 Rubona, Rwanda
| | - Livio Ruzzante
- Laboratory of Fundamental and Applied Research in Chemical Ecology, Institute of Biology, University of Neuchâtel, CH-2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Geraldine Ingabire
- Rwanda Agriculture and Animal Resources Development Board, Entomopathogenic Nematodes Production Facility, 5016 Rubona, Rwanda
| | - Sacha Levivier
- Laboratory of Fundamental and Applied Research in Chemical Ecology, Institute of Biology, University of Neuchâtel, CH-2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Carlos Bustos-Segura
- Laboratory of Fundamental and Applied Research in Chemical Ecology, Institute of Biology, University of Neuchâtel, CH-2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Joelle Kajuga
- Rwanda Agriculture and Animal Resources Development Board, Entomopathogenic Nematodes Production Facility, 5016 Rubona, Rwanda
| | - Stefan Toepfer
- CABI-Switzerland, c/o Plant Protection and Soil Conservation Directorate, HU-6800 Hodmezovasarhely, Hungary
- MARA-CABI Joint Laboratory for Biosafety, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 1008641 Beijing, China
| | - Ted C J Turlings
- Laboratory of Fundamental and Applied Research in Chemical Ecology, Institute of Biology, University of Neuchâtel, CH-2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
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Ong SQ, Ab Majid AH, Li WJ, Wang JG. Application of computer vision and deep learning models to automatically classify medically important mosquitoes in North Borneo, Malaysia. Bull Entomol Res 2024:1-6. [PMID: 38557482 DOI: 10.1017/s000748532400018x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Mosquito-borne diseases have emerged in North Borneo in Malaysia due to rapid changes in the forest landscape, and mosquito surveillance is key to understanding disease transmission. However, surveillance programmes involving sampling and taxonomic identification require well-trained personnel, are time-consuming and labour-intensive. In this study, we aim to use a deep leaning model (DL) to develop an application capable of automatically detecting mosquito vectors collected from urban and suburban areas in North Borneo, Malaysia. Specifically, a DL model called MobileNetV2 was developed using a total of 4880 images of Aedes aegypti, Aedes albopictus and Culex quinquefasciatus mosquitoes, which are widely distributed in Malaysia. More importantly, the model was deployed as an application that can be used in the field. The model was fine-tuned with hyperparameters of learning rate 0.0001, 0.0005, 0.001, 0.01 and the performance of the model was tested for accuracy, precision, recall and F1 score. Inference time was also considered during development to assess the feasibility of the model as an app in the real world. The model showed an accuracy of at least 97%, a precision of 96% and a recall of 97% on the test set. When used as an app in the field to detect mosquitoes with the elements of different background environments, the model was able to achieve an accuracy of 76% with an inference time of 47.33 ms. Our result demonstrates the practicality of computer vision and DL in the real world of vector and pest surveillance programmes. In the future, more image data and robust DL architecture can be explored to improve the prediction result.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song-Quan Ong
- Institute for Tropical Biology and Conservation, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Jalan UMS, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah Malaysia
| | - Abdul Hafiz Ab Majid
- Household & Structural Urban Entomology Laboratory, Vector Control Research Unit, School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Penang, Malaysia
| | - Wei-Jun Li
- Laboratory of Invasion Biology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Jian-Guo Wang
- Laboratory of Invasion Biology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
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Miksanek JR, Adarkwah C, Tuda M. Low concentrations of selenium nanoparticles enhance the performance of a generalist parasitoid and its host, with no net effect on host suppression. Pest Manag Sci 2024; 80:1812-1820. [PMID: 38032005 DOI: 10.1002/ps.7907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 09/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The environmental and economic costs of conventional insecticides have stirred an interest in alternative management tactics, including the use of nanotechnologies. Selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) have many applications in agriculture but may not be compatible with biological control; however, low concentrations of SeNPs may benefit natural enemies via hormesis. This study investigates the concentration-dependent effects of SeNPs (0-1000 mg L-1 ) on Anisopteromalus calandrae (Howard) (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae), a generalist parasitoid of stored product pests. RESULTS The LC50 of SeNPs was 1540 mg L-1 for female parasitoids and 1164 mg L-1 for males. SeNPs had a significant hormetic effect; average lifespan increased by 10% at a concentration of 4.03 mg L-1 for females and by 35% at 13.83 mg L-1 for males. In a bioassay including hosts [the azuki bean beetle, Callosobruchus chinensis (L.) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Bruchinae)], a low concentration of SeNPs (25 mg L-1 ) enhanced the performance of female parasitoids; lifespan increased by 23% and the number of offspring increased by 88%. However, the number of emerging hosts did not significantly decrease; in the absence of parasitism, SeNPs actually improved host emergence by 17%. CONCLUSION Because higher concentrations of SeNPs reduced parasitoid lifespan, whereas low concentrations enhanced not only parasitoid performance but also host emergence, practitioners should exercise caution when considering SeNPs for use in integrated pest management. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Rudolph Miksanek
- Laboratory of Insect Natural Enemies, Institute of Biological Control, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Charles Adarkwah
- Laboratory of Insect Natural Enemies, Institute of Biological Control, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
- Department of Horticulture and Crop Production, School of Agriculture and Technology, Dormaa-Ahenkro Campus, University of Energy and Natural Resources, Sunyani, Ghana
- Division Urban Plant Ecophysiology, Faculty Life Sciences, Humboldt-University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Midori Tuda
- Laboratory of Insect Natural Enemies, Institute of Biological Control, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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de Macedo MA, Gilbertson RL, Rojas MR, Filho AB, Pereira JL, Costa TM, Inoue-Nagata AK. A Tomato-Free Period Delays and Reduces Begomovirus Disease in Processing Tomato Fields in a Complex Agroecosystem in Central Brazil. Plant Dis 2024; 108:887-898. [PMID: 37775922 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-06-23-1154-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
A mandatory tomato-free period (TFP) was implemented in the state of Goiás, Brazil, in 2007 to help manage diseases caused by whitefly-transmitted begomoviruses. The impact of the TFP was examined in five locations across three states in Central Brazil from 2013 to 2016. Surveys revealed significant differences in begomovirus disease incidence among locations, i.e., low in Guaíra-TFP and Patos de Minas-TFP; moderate-high in Itaberaí-TFP and Morrinhos-TFP; and high in the non-TFP (NTFP) control, Cristalina-NTFP. PCR tests and DNA sequencing were used to validate the symptoms and showed that all collected symptomatic plant samples were infected with tomato severe rugose virus (ToSRV), a common indigenous bipartite begomovirus. Early season surveys (20 to 40 days after transplants [DAT]) in Itaberaí-TFP and Morrinhos-TFP revealed significantly less begomovirus disease in fields established sooner after the TFP (0 to 2 months) compared with incidences in (i) equivalent early planted fields in the Cristalina-NTFP control and (ii) fields established longer after the end of the TFP (>2 to 5 months). Whitefly infestation of crops was detected year-round in all locations and years, and all tested adults were classified in the Bemisia tabaci MEAM1 cryptic species. Infestation levels were significantly higher during the summer but did not vary significantly among locations. Results of monthly monitoring of adult whiteflies for general begomovirus and ToSRV were positively correlated and were indicators of disease incidence in the field. Notably, ToSRV was not detected in whiteflies collected from nontomato plants during the TFP, and there was a longer lag period before detection in whiteflies collected from processing tomatoes for Itaberaí-TFP and Morrinhos-TFP compared with Cristalina-NTFP. Taken together with the low levels of ToSRV infection detected in potential nontomato reservoir hosts at all locations, our results revealed low levels of primary inoculum during the TFP. Thus, even in a complex agroecosystem with year-round whitefly infestation of crops, the TFP was beneficial due to delayed and reduced begomovirus disease pressure during a critical stage of plant development (first month) and for favoring low levels of primary inoculum. Thus, we concluded that the TFP should be part of a regional integrated pest management (IPM) program targeting ToSRV in Brazil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mônica Alves de Macedo
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Brasilia, Brasília, Brazil
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, U.S.A
- Embrapa Vegetables, Federal District, Brazil
| | - Robert L Gilbertson
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, U.S.A
| | - Maria R Rojas
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, U.S.A
| | - Armando Bergamin Filho
- Department of Plant Pathology, Escola Superior de Agronomia Luiz de Queiroz, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | - Alice Kazuko Inoue-Nagata
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Brasilia, Brasília, Brazil
- Embrapa Vegetables, Federal District, Brazil
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29
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Na SM, Im GI, Lee WS, Kim DG. Assessment of Attractant Combinations for the Management of Red Palm Weevils ( Rhynchophorus ferrugineus) in the United Arab Emirates. Insects 2024; 15:218. [PMID: 38667348 PMCID: PMC11049854 DOI: 10.3390/insects15040218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 03/17/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
This study examined red palm weevil ecology in the United Arab Emirates to develop effective food baits, pheromone, and eco-friendly trapping methods. Three phases of investigation were conducted (from June to December 2023) on date palm farms in Ras Al Khaimah and Abu Dhabi. The first two phases, each 15 days long, were conducted in Ras Al Khaimah, whereas the third phase, 18 days long, was conducted in Abu Dhabi. Chemical attractants, such as existing pheromones and ethyl acetate, a newly synthesized ferruginol pheromone, and food baits, such as original dates, date paste, coconut water, and date palm syrup, were used to attract the weevils. Multi-funnel traps containing various attractant mixes were tested. The main activity of the red palm weevils was observed from 3:00 to 6:00 a.m., with 85.72 ± 3.39% being captured during this period, coinciding with cooler temperatures. When pheromones were added to the food bait, the capture rate increased by 6.95 ± 1.81 times. Combining food bait, ethyl acetate, and pheromones improved the capture rates by 3.14 ± 0.69 times compared to pheromones alone. The newly synthesized pheromone achieved capture rates 2.69 ± 0.07 times higher than those of the commercially available pheromone, confirming its suitability as a red palm weevil attractant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Mi Na
- Institute of Environmental Ecology, Sahmyook University, Seoul 01795, Republic of Korea;
| | - Gue-Il Im
- IMPROCK Co., Ltd., Bucheon 14452, Republic of Korea; (G.-I.I.); (W.-S.L.)
| | - Woon-Seok Lee
- IMPROCK Co., Ltd., Bucheon 14452, Republic of Korea; (G.-I.I.); (W.-S.L.)
| | - Dong-Gun Kim
- Institute of Environmental Ecology, Sahmyook University, Seoul 01795, Republic of Korea;
- Smith College of Liberal Arts, Sahmyook University, Seoul 01795, Republic of Korea
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Erdei AL, David AB, Savvidou EC, Džemedžionaitė V, Chakravarthy A, Molnár BP, Dekker T. The push-pull intercrop Desmodium does not repel, but intercepts and kills pests. eLife 2024; 13:e88695. [PMID: 38477562 PMCID: PMC11021049 DOI: 10.7554/elife.88695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Over two decades ago, an intercropping strategy was developed that received critical acclaim for synergizing food security with ecosystem resilience in smallholder farming. The push-pull strategy reportedly suppresses lepidopteran pests in maize through a combination of a repellent intercrop (push), commonly Desmodium spp., and an attractive, border crop (pull). Key in the system is the intercrop's constitutive release of volatile terpenoids that repel herbivores. However, the earlier described volatile terpenoids were not detectable in the headspace of Desmodium, and only minimally upon herbivory. This was independent of soil type, microbiome composition, and whether collections were made in the laboratory or in the field. Furthermore, in oviposition choice tests in a wind tunnel, maize with or without an odor background of Desmodium was equally attractive for the invasive pest Spodoptera frugiperda. In search of an alternative mechanism, we found that neonate larvae strongly preferred Desmodium over maize. However, their development stagnated and no larva survived. In addition, older larvae were frequently seen impaled and immobilized by the dense network of silica-fortified, non-glandular trichomes. Thus, our data suggest that Desmodium may act through intercepting and decimating dispersing larval offspring rather than adult deterrence. As a hallmark of sustainable pest control, maize-Desmodium push-pull intercropping has inspired countless efforts to emulate stimulo-deterrent diversion in other cropping systems. However, detailed knowledge of the actual mechanisms is required to rationally improve the strategy, and translate the concept to other cropping systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna L Erdei
- Department of Plant Protection Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural SciencesAlnarpSweden
- Department of Chemical Ecology, HUN-REN Centre for Agricultural Research Plant Protection InstituteBudapestHungary
| | - Aneth B David
- Department of Plant Protection Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural SciencesAlnarpSweden
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Dar-es-Salaam (UDSM)SalaamUnited Republic of Tanzania
| | - Eleni C Savvidou
- Department of Plant Protection Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural SciencesAlnarpSweden
- Department of Agriculture Crop Production and Rural Environment, University of ThessalyVolosGreece
| | - Vaida Džemedžionaitė
- Department of Plant Protection Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural SciencesAlnarpSweden
| | - Advaith Chakravarthy
- Department of Plant Protection Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural SciencesAlnarpSweden
| | - Béla P Molnár
- Department of Chemical Ecology, HUN-REN Centre for Agricultural Research Plant Protection InstituteBudapestHungary
| | - Teun Dekker
- Department of Plant Protection Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural SciencesAlnarpSweden
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Lee SB, Carnohan L, Gazdick K, Chouvenc T, Su NY. Feeding cessation after feeding on 20-hydroxyecdysone in the Formosan subterranean termite. Pest Manag Sci 2024; 80:1137-1144. [PMID: 37872844 DOI: 10.1002/ps.7844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To control subterranean termite pests, chitin synthesis inhibitor (CSI) baits have been widely applied. Despite CSI baits having low impacts on the environment, they require a lengthy time period to eliminate colonies. 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E) was proposed to speed up the baiting process as it showed faster mortality than CSI baits. However, the efficacy of 20E has previously not been tested at the colony level prior to applying in the field. RESULTS We compared the effect of 20E, 20E + noviflumuron, noviflumuron and untreated control using colonies of Coptotermes formosanus. Our result revealed that both 20E and 20E + noviflumuron did not accelerate colony elimination and termite activity remained relatively stable during the observation periods. To determine the limited effects of 20E, we further investigated feeding duration and consumption amount of 20E with different concentrations (control, 100 and 1000 ppm) for 10 days. Termites ceased feeding after 1 day in 100 and 1000 ppm treatment and 100% mortality was observed within 10 days in 1000 ppm 20E, while mortality in the 100 ppm 20E treated group was much lower than that in the 1000 ppm group. Furthermore, no termites molted in the control and termites died from hyperecdysonism in 1000 ppm 20E treatment, whereas about 20% of termites molted in 100 ppm 20E. CONCLUSION This study demonstrated that 20E may not be suitable as a sole active ingredient to accelerate elimination of a subterranean termite colony, while CSI baits and lower concentrations of 20E may reduce the lengthy time period in colony elimination. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Bin Lee
- Ft. Lauderdale Research and Education Center, Entomology and Nematology, University of Florida, Davie, FL, USA
| | - Lucas Carnohan
- Ft. Lauderdale Research and Education Center, Entomology and Nematology, University of Florida, Davie, FL, USA
- Pest Management Systems Inc., Greensboro, NC, USA
| | - Kaitlin Gazdick
- Ft. Lauderdale Research and Education Center, Entomology and Nematology, University of Florida, Davie, FL, USA
| | - Thomas Chouvenc
- Ft. Lauderdale Research and Education Center, Entomology and Nematology, University of Florida, Davie, FL, USA
| | - Nan-Yao Su
- Ft. Lauderdale Research and Education Center, Entomology and Nematology, University of Florida, Davie, FL, USA
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Dam MI, Ding BJ, Svensson GP, Wang HL, Melo DJ, Lassance JM, Zarbin PH, Löfstedt C. Sex pheromone biosynthesis in the sugarcane borer Diatraea saccharalis: paving the way for biotechnological production. Pest Manag Sci 2024; 80:996-1007. [PMID: 37830147 DOI: 10.1002/ps.7830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The sugarcane borer Diatraea saccharalis (Lepidoptera) is a key pest on sugarcane and other grasses in the Americas. Biological control as well as insecticide treatments are used for pest management, but economic losses are still significant. The use of female sex pheromones for mating disruption or mass trapping in pest management could be established for this species, provided that economical production of pheromone is available. RESULTS Combining in vivo labelling studies, differential expression analysis of transcriptome data and functional characterisation of insect genes in a yeast expression system, we reveal the biosynthetic pathway and identify the desaturase and reductase enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of the main pheromone component (9Z,11E)-hexadecadienal, and minor components hexadecanal, (9Z)-hexadecenal and (11Z)-hexadecenal. We next demonstrate heterologous production of the corresponding alcohols of the pheromone components, by expressing multiple steps of the biosynthetic pathway in yeast. CONCLUSION Elucidation of the genetic basis of sex pheromone biosynthesis in D. saccharalis, and heterologous expression in yeast, paves the way for biotechnological production of the pheromone compounds needed for pheromone-based pest management of this species. © 2023 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bao-Jian Ding
- Department of Biology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | | | - Hong-Lei Wang
- Department of Biology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Douglas J Melo
- Department of Biology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Jean-Marc Lassance
- Département de gestion vétérinaire des Ressources Animales (DRA), University of Liege, Bât. B36 GIGA-Neurosciences, Quartier Hôpital, Liège 1, Belgium
| | - Paulo Hg Zarbin
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
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33
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van Griethuysen PA, Redeker KR, MacFarlane SA, Neilson R, Hartley SE. Virus-induced changes in root volatiles attract soil nematode vectors to infected plants. New Phytol 2024; 241:2275-2286. [PMID: 38327027 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Plant-derived volatiles mediate interactions among plants, pathogenic viruses, and viral vectors. These volatile-dependent mechanisms have not been previously demonstrated belowground, despite their likely significant role in soil ecology and agricultural pest impacts. We investigated how the plant virus, tobacco rattle virus (TRV), attracts soil nematode vectors to infected plants. We infected Nicotiana benthamiana with TRV and compared root growth relative to that of uninfected plants. We tested whether TRV-infected N. benthamiana was more attractive to nematodes 7 d post infection and identified a compound critical to attraction. We also infected N. benthamiana with mutated TRV strains to identify virus genes involved in vector nematode attraction. Virus titre and associated impacts on root morphology were greatest 7 d post infection. Tobacco rattle virus infection enhanced 2-ethyl-1-hexanol production. Nematode chemotaxis and 2-ethyl-1-hexanol production correlated strongly with viral load. Uninfected plants were more attractive to nematodes after the addition of 2-ethyl-1-hexanol than were untreated plants. Mutation of TRV RNA2-encoded genes reduced the production of 2-ethyl-1-hexanol and nematode attraction. For the first time, this demonstrates that virus-driven alterations in root volatile emissions lead to increased chemotaxis of the virus's nematode vector, a finding with implications for sustainable management of both nematodes and viral pathogens in agricultural systems.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kelly R Redeker
- Department of Biology, University of York, Heslington, York, YO1 5DD, UK
| | - Stuart A MacFarlane
- Cell and Molecular Sciences Department, The James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee, DD2 5DA, UK
| | - Roy Neilson
- Ecological Sciences Department, The James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee, DD2 5DA, UK
| | - Sue E Hartley
- School of Biosciences, University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
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Schoeller EN, Hogan J, McKenzie CL, Osborne LS. Functional response of Franklinothrips vespiformis (Thysanoptera: Aeolothripidae) to eggs and nymphs of Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae). J Insect Sci 2024; 24:3. [PMID: 38442350 PMCID: PMC10914367 DOI: 10.1093/jisesa/ieae030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
The Middle East Asia Minor 1 biotype of Bemisia tabaci Gennadius (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) is a greenhouse and field crop pest of global significance. The objective of this study was to assess the potential of the generalist predatory thrips, Franklinothrips vespiformis Crawford (Thysanoptera: Aeolothripidae), as a biological control agent for B. tabaci. This was achieved by determining the functional responses of F. vespiformis larvae and adults to the egg and nymphal stages of B. tabaci under laboratory conditions. Analyses consisted of 10 replicates of each predator and prey stage combination on bean leaf discs for a 24-h period. Following logistic regression analyses to determine the functional response type exhibited, response parameters were estimated with nonlinear least squares regression using Roger's equation. Results showed that F. vespiformis larvae and adults exhibited a Type II functional response when feeding on immature B. tabaci. The handling times (Th) of F. vespiformis larvae and adults were magnitudes higher for B. tabaci nymphs than they were for eggs, which were in part driven by the higher attack rates (a) observed on eggs. The maximum attack rate (T/Th) for B. tabaci eggs and nymphs exhibited by first-stage larvae, second-stage larvae, and adult F. vespiformis increased with increasing predator age. Results from this study suggest that F. vespiformis larvae and particularly adults are promising biological control agents for B. tabaci and are efficient predators at both low and high prey densities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erich N Schoeller
- Department of Entomology, University of Georgia, Griffin, GA 30223, USA
| | - Joshua Hogan
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, Mid-Florida Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Apopka, Florida, USA
| | - Cindy L McKenzie
- United States Horticultural Research Laboratory, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Fort Pierce, FL, 34945USA
| | - Lance S Osborne
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, Mid-Florida Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Apopka, Florida, USA
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35
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Sheppard CL, Roche B, Austen A, Hitzig SL. 'When the bedbugs come, that's another problem': exploring the lived experiences of bedbug infestations among low-income older adults and service providers who support them. Perspect Public Health 2024; 144:111-118. [PMID: 36127851 PMCID: PMC10916340 DOI: 10.1177/17579139221118777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Older adults in low-income housing communities are more vulnerable to bedbug infestations. Prior research, however, has predominately focused on the effectiveness of integrated pest-management strategies, with little attention given to the lived experiences of tenants struggling with infestations. We used a qualitative approach to explore what it is like to live with and treat bedbug infestations from the perspectives of low-income older adults and service providers. METHODS Participants included low-income older adults (n = 58) and service providers (n = 58) who offer supports directly in the buildings. Semi-structured qualitative interviews and focus groups were used to explore the challenges of preparing and treating units for bedbugs, and examine how bedbugs impact access to support services. RESULTS Bedbugs were a widespread issue, and underlying physical, mental, social, and financial challenges made it difficult for older tenants to prepare their units and access treatment. Tenants also faced bedbug stigma from community services, as many were unwilling to provide services in infested units. Although some service providers utilized strategies to minimize exposure, many were concerned these strategies created additional stigma. CONCLUSION Our findings highlight an urgent need to increase public health funding to support older adults with the costs of bedbug elimination and to enhance pest-management strategies through partnerships with health and social service agencies to improve outcomes for older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- CL Sheppard
- St. John’s Rehab Research Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - B Roche
- Wellesley Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - A Austen
- Seniors Services and Long-Term Care, City of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - SL Hitzig
- St. John’s Rehab Research Program, Sunnybrook Research Insitute, 285 Cummer Avenue, Toronto, ON M2M 2G1, Canada
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36
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Santer RD, Allen WL. Optimising the colour of traps requires an insect's eye view. Pest Manag Sci 2024; 80:931-934. [PMID: 37755337 DOI: 10.1002/ps.7790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
Colour is a critical property of many traps used to control or monitor insect pests, and applied entomologists continue to devote time and effort to improving colour for greater trapping efficiency. This work has often been guided by human colour perceptions, which differ greatly from those of the pests being studied. As a result, trap development can be a laborious process that is heavily reliant on trial and error. However, the responses of an insect's photoreceptors to a given trap colour can be calculated using well-established procedures. Photoreceptor responses represent sensory inputs that drive insect behaviour, and if their relationship to insect attraction can be determined or hypothesised, they provide metrics that can guide the rational optimisation of trap colour. This approach has recently been used successfully in separate studies of tsetse flies and thrips, but could be applied to a wide diversity of pest insects. Here we describe this approach to facilitate its use by applied entomologists. © 2023 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger D Santer
- Department of Life Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, UK
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37
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Penn HJ, Read QD. Stem borer herbivory dependent on interactions of sugarcane variety, associated traits, and presence of prior borer damage. Pest Manag Sci 2024; 80:1126-1136. [PMID: 37855173 DOI: 10.1002/ps.7843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Herbivory risk is mediated by plant traits related to nutrition and defense that can vary within a species by genotype and age. Prior herbivore damage accrued by a plant can also interact with these traits to alter future herbivory potential by changing plant quantity or quality. Sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) is a perennial crop where aboveground biomass is harvested annually and with varieties differing in nutrition and defenses, making it conducive to evaluating varietal resistance mechanisms. Using data from 16 sugarcane varieties and 28 years, we assessed damage from the primary pest in Louisiana, the sugarcane borer (Diatraea saccharalis, SCB), relative to variety, crop year (ratoon), plant traits, and incidence of prior herbivory. RESULTS SCB damage differed among varieties but not crop year, mostly following previously established classifications of SCB resistance, and correlated with select nutritional and defense traits. Within a crop year, the probability of SCB damage increased with prior conspecific damage on the same stalk. However, the strength of this prior damage effect did not match known resistance patterns but still differed with variety. CONCLUSIONS Interactions of plant variety, traits, and prior pest damage but not age impacted sugarcane borer risk. Borer damage was associated with nutritional traits of fiber and sugar content, but not consistently with defensive traits like high stalk wax or hair density, indicating there may be additional resistance traits or indirect impacts of these traits on predators. Published 2023. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah J Penn
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Sugarcane Research Unit, Houma, Louisiana, USA
| | - Quentin D Read
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
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38
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Szczepaniec A, Lathrop-Melting A, Janecek T, Nachappa P, Cranshaw W, Alnajjar G, Axtell A. Suppression of hemp russet mite, Aculops cannabicola (Acari: Eriophyidae), in industrial hemp in greenhouse and field. Environ Entomol 2024; 53:18-25. [PMID: 37535975 DOI: 10.1093/ee/nvad052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
Hemp russet mite, Aculops cannibicola Farkas (Acari: Eriophyidae), is one of the key pests of hemp, Cannabis sativa L. (Rosales: Cannabaceae). Hemp russet mite feeds primarily on new growth and can reach high densities, frequently exceeding a thousand mites per leaf, and leading to a decrease in yield and quality of cannabinoids. The objective of this experiment was to determine the efficacy of reduced-risk pesticides used in organic crop protection as well as conventional insecticides in managing hemp russet mites in a greenhouse and field. Hemp (var. Unicorn) was exposed to leaves heavily infested with hemp russet mites, and once mite densities reached an average of 50 mites per leaf, the following insecticides were applied to the plants: abamectin, etoxazole, fenpyroximate, rosemary oil, and 2 concentrations of a mineral oil. An application of sulfur was also included in the field experiment. Treatments were replicated 9 times in the greenhouse and 6 times in the field. Each of the pesticides significantly reduced hemp russet mite densities in the greenhouse, with all treatments resulting in significant decrease in mite populations 10 days after the initial treatment that persisted until the end of the experiment. On the other hand, only fenpyroximate, sulfur, and rosemary oil provided strong and effective suppression of the mites in the field. This is the first study to test these products against hemp russet mites in hemp, and our outcomes indicate that several pesticides available for organic crop production can provide effective control of the pest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrianna Szczepaniec
- Department of Agricultural Biology, Colorado State University, 307 University Avenue, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Abby Lathrop-Melting
- Department of Agricultural Biology, Colorado State University, 307 University Avenue, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Taylor Janecek
- Department of Agricultural Biology, Colorado State University, 307 University Avenue, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Punya Nachappa
- Department of Agricultural Biology, Colorado State University, 307 University Avenue, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Whitney Cranshaw
- Department of Agricultural Biology, Colorado State University, 307 University Avenue, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Gabriel Alnajjar
- Department of Agricultural Biology, Colorado State University, 307 University Avenue, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Alice Axtell
- The IR4 Project, North Carolina State University, 1730 Varsity Dr, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA
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Carter O, MacWilliams J, Nachappa P. Development of a real-time PCR assay for detection of hemp russet mite (Aculops cannabicola). Environ Entomol 2024; 53:34-39. [PMID: 37535869 DOI: 10.1093/ee/nvad060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
Of the many arthropod species affecting hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) cultivation in the United States, one species of particular importance is the hemp russet mite (Aculops cannabicola, HRM). Hemp russet mite is a microscopic arthropod which feeds on all parts of hemp plants. Due to its minute size, HRM can proliferate undetected for a long time, complicating management efforts and causing serious economic losses. DNA sequencing and PCR assays can facilitate accurate identification and early detection of HRM in infested-plants. Therefore, a real-time SYBR Green based species-specific PCR assay (quantitative PCR, qPCR) was developed for the identification of HRM DNA by amplification of a 104 bp Internal Transcribed Spacer 1 (ITS1) sequence. The detection limit was estimated to be approximately 48 copies of the HRM marker gene sequence. The real-time-PCR assay is rapid, detects all life stages of mite under 2 hours. A 10-fold serial dilution of the plasmid DNA containing the ITS1 insert were used as standards in the real-time PCR assay. The quantification cycle (Cq) value of the assay showed a strong linear relationship with HRM DNA with R2 of 0.96. The assay was tested against several commonly found hemp pests including two-spotted spider mite and western flower thrips to determine specificity of the assay and to show that no non-target species DNA was amplified. The outcomes of this research will have important applications for agricultural biosecurity through accurate identification of HRM, early detection and timely deployment of management tactics to manage and prevent pest outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia Carter
- Department of Agricultural Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Jacob MacWilliams
- Department of Agricultural Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Punya Nachappa
- Department of Agricultural Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
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40
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Hubbard CB. Highlights of Veterinary Entomology, 2022. J Med Entomol 2024:tjad172. [PMID: 38373248 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjad172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
The field of veterinary entomology is dominated by research concerning insects and arthropods that negatively impact the health of domestic animals. A curated selection of peer-reviewed research which was highlighted at the 2022 Joint Meeting between the Entomological Society of America, the Entomological Society of Canada, and the Entomological Society of British Columbia, which prioritized exploring entomology through the lens of art, science, and culture are summarized. Articles are categorized into (i) biting and non-biting flies, (ii) ectoparasites, and (iii) review articles, with the overall goal of showcasing innovative methodologies, addressing overlooked questions in veterinary entomology, and highlighting comprehensive reviews. While not exhaustive, the selected studies represent a myriad of arthropods, methodologies, and perspectives, to inspire future scientists with diverse research avenues and emphasize the continual evolution and importance of entomological studies in today's world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caleb B Hubbard
- Department of Entomology, University of California, 900 University Ave, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
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41
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Conroy C, Fountain MT, Whitfield EC, Hall DR, Farman D, Bray DP. Methyl N,N-dimethylanthranilate and ethyl propionate: repellents effective against spotted wing drosophila, Drosophila suzukii. Pest Manag Sci 2024. [PMID: 38348748 DOI: 10.1002/ps.8020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Spotted wing drosophila, Drosophila suzukii (Matsumura) (Diptera: Drosophilidae), is an economically important pest of soft and stone fruit crops. The aim of this study was to identify repellents, formulated in dispensers, which could protect crops from D. suzukii. Fourteen potential repellents were screened against summer- and winter-morph D. suzukii through electroantennography and behavioural bioassays. Repellents effective in the laboratory were tested in polytunnels to determine their efficacy in reducing catches in fruit-baited traps. Further trials of three potential repellents were conducted to determine the distances over which repellent dispensers could reduce D. suzukii emergence in a strawberry crop. RESULTS All 14 chemicals screened were detected by the antennae of both D. suzukii morphs. Hexyl acetate and geosmin both elicited a significantly greater corrected EAG response in summer morphs than winter morphs. Summer-morph D. suzukii were repelled by butyl acetate, ethyl propionate, methyl N,N-dimethyl anthranilate, geosmin, methyl salicylate, DEET and benzaldehyde at one or more doses test in laboratory bioassays. Winter morphs were repelled by ethyl propionate, methyl anthranilate, methyl N,N-dimethyl anthranilate, DEET, benzaldehyde and butyl anthranilate at one or more of the doses tested in the laboratory. Ethyl propionate, methyl N,N-dimethylanthranilate and benzaldehyde repelled both morphs from fruit-baited traps in polytunnel trapping trials. Ethyl propionate and methyl N,N-dimethylanthranilate reduced emergence of D. suzukii in a strawberry crop over 3-5 m. CONCLUSIONS Ethyl propionate and methyl N,N-dimethylanthranilate may protect strawberry crops against D. suzukii. Future work should test these repellents in combination with attractants in a 'push-pull' strategy. © 2024 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Conroy
- NIAB East Malling, East Malling, UK
- Natural Resources Institute, University of Greenwich, Chatham, UK
| | | | | | - David R Hall
- Natural Resources Institute, University of Greenwich, Chatham, UK
| | - Dudley Farman
- Natural Resources Institute, University of Greenwich, Chatham, UK
| | - Daniel P Bray
- Natural Resources Institute, University of Greenwich, Chatham, UK
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Demard EP, Döker I, Qureshi JA. Species assemblage, abundance, and distribution of Phytoseiid mites (Parasitiformes: Phytoseiidae) in Citrus Under Protective Screen. J Econ Entomol 2024; 117:73-81. [PMID: 37982424 DOI: 10.1093/jee/toad214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
Citrus Under Protective Screen (CUPS) production system excludes the Asian citrus psyllid (ACP), Diaphorina citri Kuwayama, vector of Huanglongbing (HLB), and large predators. However, small pests and beneficial arthropods such as predatory mites may enter the CUPS. Predatory mites from the family Phytoseiidae attack several economically important pests, especially phytophagous mites common in CUPS. The species assemblage, abundance, and distribution of phytoseiid mites in CUPS and open-air (control) were investigated in Ray Ruby grapefruit from 2018 to 2020. Foliar sprays of chemicals for pest suppression were used in both systems and evaluated for effect on predatory mite populations. In the 2 production systems, a significant peak in the phytoseiid mite population was observed in February 2019 and 2020. This increase coincided with the blooming period of grapefruit, which likely provided pollen as an alternative food. A total of 2,234 specimens of 11 species were identified. Amblyseius tamatavensis Blommers and Typhlodromalus peregrinus (Muma) were dominant in both systems. Amblyseius tamatavensis was slightly more abundant in CUPS (50% of total specimens) than T. peregrinus (47%), while T. peregrinus was prevalent (82%) in open-air compared with A. tamatavensis (16%). Shannon index and evenness were significantly higher in CUPS, but species richness was similar. Chlorpyrifos with abamectin and oil, cyantraniliprole with spirodiclofen, copper, and oil as well as pyridaben alone reduced phytoseiid populations between 87% and 96%. Fenbutatin oxide mixed with copper reduced phytoseiids by 48% in open-air only. Our results demonstrate phytoseiid survival, reproduction, and contribution to biological control in CUPS, despite high temperature and humidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie P Demard
- University of Florida, Indian River Research and Education Center, Fort Pierce, FL 34945, USA
| | - Ismail Döker
- Cukurova University, Agricultural Faculty, Plant Protection Department, Acarology Laboratory, 01330 Adana, Turkey
| | - Jawwad A Qureshi
- University of Florida, Indian River Research and Education Center, Fort Pierce, FL 34945, USA
- University of Florida, Entomology and Nematology Department, Southwest Florida Research and Education Center, Immokalee, FL 34142, USA
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43
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Cusworth G, Lorimer J. On Disease Configurations, Black-Grass Blowback, and Probiotic Pest Management. Ann Am Assoc Geogr 2024; 114:462-480. [PMID: 38415212 PMCID: PMC10896166 DOI: 10.1080/24694452.2023.2289984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
This article explores approaches to managing pests that are being developed in response to the faltering effectiveness of antibiotic regimes of chemical control. It focuses on black-grass (Alopecurus myosuroides), an endemic plant in European agriculture that has emerged as a serious yield-robber with increasing levels of herbicidal resistance. Following farmers and agronomists who have developed "integrated" approaches to black-grass management, the article identifies approaches to biosecurity that do not target unwanted life so much as they modulate ecological systems in their entirety. Pathogenesis, in this relational understanding, follows not from breaches of dangerous life into healthy space, but from ecological intra-actions that enable the proliferation of some life to compromise the multispecies livability of the body in question. The article contributes to the literature by detailing how this configurational approach works in the world. It traces the polymorphic spatial imaginaries required to map pests well; the process of knowledge intensification needed to reveal which configurations can resist pathogenesis; and the probiotic biopolitical interventions used to safeguard farmland productivity. The article uses black-grass to present a temporal metanarrative of intensive farming causing ecological blowback, leading to the development of approaches to pest management predicated on a pragmatic tolerance toward unwanted life.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Cusworth
- Oxford Martin Program on the Future of Food, University of Oxford, UK
| | - Jamie Lorimer
- School of Geography and the Environment and Hertford College, University of Oxford, UK
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Zhu Y, Stahl A, Rostás M, Will T. Temporal and species-specific resistance of sugar beet to green peach aphid and black bean aphid: mechanisms and implications for breeding. Pest Manag Sci 2024; 80:404-413. [PMID: 37708325 DOI: 10.1002/ps.7770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sugar beet (Beta vulgaris ssp. vulgaris), a key crop for sugar production, faces significant yield losses caused by the black bean aphid Aphis fabae (Scop.) and the green peach aphid Myzus persicae (Sulzer), which also transmits viruses. The restriction on neonicotinoid usage in Europe has intensified this problem, emphasizing the urgent need for breeding resistant crop varieties. This study evaluated 26 sugar beet germplasms for resistance against both aphid species by using performance and feeding behavior assays. Additionally, whole plant bioassays and semi-field experiments were carried out with Myzus persicae. RESULTS Our findings demonstrate the presence of temporal resistance against both aphid species in the primary sugar beet gene pool. Beet yellows virus (BYV) carrying aphids showed enhanced performance. Different levels of plant defense mechanisms were involved including resistance against Myzus persicae before reaching the phloem, particularly in sugar beet line G3. In contrast, resistance against Aphis fabae turned out to be predominately phloem-located. Furthermore, a high incidence of black inclusion bodies inside the stomach of Myzus persicae was observed for approximately 85% of the plant genotypes tested, indicating a general and strong incompatibility between sugar beet and Myzus persicae in an initial phase of interaction. CONCLUSION Sugar beet resistance against aphids involved different mechanisms and is species-specific. The identification of these mechanisms and interactions represents a crucial milestone in advancing the breeding of sugar beet varieties with improved resistance. © 2023 Julius Kühn-Institut and The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunsheng Zhu
- Julius Kühn Institute (JKI) - Federal Research Center for Cultivated Plants, Institute for Resistance Research and Stress Tolerance, Quedlinburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Stahl
- Julius Kühn Institute (JKI) - Federal Research Center for Cultivated Plants, Institute for Resistance Research and Stress Tolerance, Quedlinburg, Germany
| | - Michael Rostás
- Agricultural Entomology, Department of Crop Sciences, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Torsten Will
- Julius Kühn Institute (JKI) - Federal Research Center for Cultivated Plants, Institute for Resistance Research and Stress Tolerance, Quedlinburg, Germany
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Yeh DA, Dai B, Gómez MI, Walton VM. Does monitoring pests pay off? a bioeconomic assessment of Drosophila suzukii controls. Pest Manag Sci 2024; 80:708-723. [PMID: 37770414 DOI: 10.1002/ps.7801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Drosophila suzukii is a significant invasive pest that has caused high management costs and economic losses for blueberry growers in the United States. The status quo control strategy commonly used by growers is to apply pesticides proactively and frequently to reduce infestation. Recent studies have shown that the calendar-based spraying strategy might be unsustainable in the long term, making the reduction of pesticide reliance a top priority for the berry industry. Incorporating pest monitoring into the control strategy could be an option to improve efficiency while reducing pesticide usage. This study assesses the economic implications of monitoring-based control strategies compared to calendar-based spraying control strategies for organic blueberry production in Oregon. We combine a D. suzukii population model into the economic simulation framework, evaluate two monitoring methods (adult trapping and fruit sampling), and identify the profit-maximizing control strategy under different scenarios. RESULTS In the baseline scenario, control strategies that incorporate fruit sampling exhibit the highest average profits. Although the status quo control strategy (spraying every 3 days) generates higher average revenue than monitoring-based strategies, the cost from the higher number of pesticide application offsets the returns. CONCLUSION This study uses a novel bioeconomic simulation framework to show that incorporating fruit sampling can be a promising tool to reduce pesticide reliance while controlling D. suzukii infestation. These findings provide clearer information on the economic viability of using monitoring-based pest control strategies in organic berry production, and the assessment framework sheds light on the economics of pest management. © 2023 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Adeline Yeh
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Service, Kansas City, Missouri, USA
| | - Bingyan Dai
- Charles H. Dyson School of Applied Economics and Management, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Miguel I Gómez
- Charles H. Dyson School of Applied Economics and Management, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Vaughn M Walton
- Department of Horticulture, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
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VerCauteren K, Breck S. Overview of global wildlife-livestock interfaces: the array of conflicts and strategies to mitigate them. Anim Front 2024; 14:30-39. [PMID: 38369995 PMCID: PMC10873011 DOI: 10.1093/af/vfad075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kurt VerCauteren
- USDA-APHIS-WS National Wildlife Research Center, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Stewart Breck
- USDA National Wildlife Research Center, Fort Collins, CO, USA
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Rashed A, van Herk WG. Pest Elaterids of North America: New Insights and Opportunities for Management. Annu Rev Entomol 2024; 69:1-20. [PMID: 37562049 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-ento-120220-123249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
The larval stages of click beetle (Coleoptera: Elateridae) species, several of which are serious agricultural pests, are called wireworms. Their cryptic subterranean habitat, resilience, among-species differences in ecology and biology, and broad host range, as well as the lack of objective economic injury thresholds, have rendered wireworms a challenging pest complex to control. Significant progress has been made in recent years, introducing a new effective class of insecticides and improving species identification and our understanding of species-specific phenology, chemical ecology (i.e., adult sex pheromones and larval olfactory cues), and abiotic and biotic factors influencing the efficacy of biological control agents. These new developments have created opportunities for further research into improving our risk assessment, monitoring, and integrated pest management capabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arash Rashed
- Department of Entomology, Southern Piedmont Agricultural Research and Extension Center, Virginia Tech, Blackstone, Virginia, USA;
| | - Willem G van Herk
- Agassiz Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Agassiz, British Columbia, Canada;
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Niassy S, Omuse ER, Khang’ati JE, Bächinger I, Kupesa DM, Cheseto X, Mbatha BW, Copeland RS, Mohamed SA, Gama M, Mitti JM, Belayneh Y, Delabays N, Lefort F, Ekesi S, Subramanian S. Validating Indigenous Farmers' Practice in the Management of the Fall Armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) in Maize Cropping Systems in Africa. Life (Basel) 2024; 14:180. [PMID: 38398690 PMCID: PMC10890150 DOI: 10.3390/life14020180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 01/01/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Before the invasion of the fall armyworm (FAW) Spodoptera frugiperda into Africa, smallholder farmers had been using indigenous practices such as applying fish soup to plants to manage stemborer pests. Although farmers have since begun adapting this practice against FAW, no attempt has been made to scientifically evaluate this practice. Therefore, we assessed the efficacy of applying fish soup to maize plants that were artificially infested with FAW under semi-field conditions. Our results showed that foliar damage is inversely correlated with the concentration of a fish soup and sugar solution, with the highest (100%) concentration resulting in the lowest foliar damage and the highest plant recovery. The FAW foliar damage results for maize plants treated with 100%, 50%, 10% fish soup and sugar, and distilled water were 46.3 ± 5.6, 51.1 ± 5.0, 71.6 ± 5.2, and 99.4 ± 0.4%, respectively, whereas plant recovery results from the same treatments were 35.2 ± 3.7, 31.1 ± 5.4, 20.0 ± 4.6, and 0.0 ± 0.0%, respectively. A concentration of fish soup and sugar solution of at least 25.9% was required to achieve the lowest foliar damage of 17.8% and peak plant recovery of 73.6%. Fish soup and sugar solutions attracted a wide range of insects, including potential natural enemies (predators and parasitoids) of FAW, in a dose-dependent manner. Maize plants treated with fish soup and sugar showed higher chlorophyll content and better growth than the control did. Proximate and chemical analysis showed that fish soup contains essential plant growth nutrients (e.g., nitrogen, phosphorus, and calcium). Through GC-MS analyses, we identified 76 volatile organic compounds in fish soup, of which 16 have been reported as insect attractants, highlighting their potential ecological significance. Therefore, the indigenous pest management practices for FAW, such as the use of fish soup, deserve particular attention. These practices could contribute to food security and improve the livelihoods of vulnerable communities. Further field validation studies, economic analyses, product development, and optimisation are therefore required to optimise the use of fish soup based on fish waste.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saliou Niassy
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology, Nairobi P.O. Box 30772-00100, Kenya; (E.R.O.); (J.E.K.); (D.M.K.); (X.C.); (B.W.M.); (R.S.C.); (S.A.M.); (S.E.); (S.S.)
| | - Evanson Rigan Omuse
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology, Nairobi P.O. Box 30772-00100, Kenya; (E.R.O.); (J.E.K.); (D.M.K.); (X.C.); (B.W.M.); (R.S.C.); (S.A.M.); (S.E.); (S.S.)
| | - John Emanuel Khang’ati
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology, Nairobi P.O. Box 30772-00100, Kenya; (E.R.O.); (J.E.K.); (D.M.K.); (X.C.); (B.W.M.); (R.S.C.); (S.A.M.); (S.E.); (S.S.)
| | - Ines Bächinger
- Research Institute Land Nature Environment, Geneva School of Engineering Architecture and Landscape, HES-SO University of Applied Sciences and Arts Western Switzerland, CH-1254 Jussy, Switzerland; (I.B.); (N.D.)
| | - David Mfuti Kupesa
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology, Nairobi P.O. Box 30772-00100, Kenya; (E.R.O.); (J.E.K.); (D.M.K.); (X.C.); (B.W.M.); (R.S.C.); (S.A.M.); (S.E.); (S.S.)
| | - Xavier Cheseto
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology, Nairobi P.O. Box 30772-00100, Kenya; (E.R.O.); (J.E.K.); (D.M.K.); (X.C.); (B.W.M.); (R.S.C.); (S.A.M.); (S.E.); (S.S.)
| | - Benjamin W. Mbatha
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology, Nairobi P.O. Box 30772-00100, Kenya; (E.R.O.); (J.E.K.); (D.M.K.); (X.C.); (B.W.M.); (R.S.C.); (S.A.M.); (S.E.); (S.S.)
| | - Robert S. Copeland
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology, Nairobi P.O. Box 30772-00100, Kenya; (E.R.O.); (J.E.K.); (D.M.K.); (X.C.); (B.W.M.); (R.S.C.); (S.A.M.); (S.E.); (S.S.)
| | - Samira Abuelgasim Mohamed
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology, Nairobi P.O. Box 30772-00100, Kenya; (E.R.O.); (J.E.K.); (D.M.K.); (X.C.); (B.W.M.); (R.S.C.); (S.A.M.); (S.E.); (S.S.)
| | - Mphatso Gama
- Machinga Agricultural Development Division, Liwonde Private Bag 3, Malawi;
| | - Joyce Mulila Mitti
- Figtree Limited (Figtree Consulting Services), Lusaka P.O. Box 33304-10101, Zambia;
| | - Yeneneh Belayneh
- USAID’s Bureau for Humanitarian Assistance (BHA) and Technical and Program Quality (TPQ), 1300 Pennsylvania Avenue, Washington, DC 20523, USA;
| | - Nicolas Delabays
- Research Institute Land Nature Environment, Geneva School of Engineering Architecture and Landscape, HES-SO University of Applied Sciences and Arts Western Switzerland, CH-1254 Jussy, Switzerland; (I.B.); (N.D.)
| | - François Lefort
- Research Institute Land Nature Environment, Geneva School of Engineering Architecture and Landscape, HES-SO University of Applied Sciences and Arts Western Switzerland, CH-1254 Jussy, Switzerland; (I.B.); (N.D.)
| | - Sunday Ekesi
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology, Nairobi P.O. Box 30772-00100, Kenya; (E.R.O.); (J.E.K.); (D.M.K.); (X.C.); (B.W.M.); (R.S.C.); (S.A.M.); (S.E.); (S.S.)
| | - Sevgan Subramanian
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology, Nairobi P.O. Box 30772-00100, Kenya; (E.R.O.); (J.E.K.); (D.M.K.); (X.C.); (B.W.M.); (R.S.C.); (S.A.M.); (S.E.); (S.S.)
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Hoddle MS, Antony B, El-Shafie HAF, Chamorro ML, Milosavljević I, Löhr B, Faleiro JR. Taxonomy, Biology, Symbionts, Omics, and Management of Rhynchophorus Palm Weevils (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Dryophthorinae). Annu Rev Entomol 2024; 69:455-479. [PMID: 38270987 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-ento-013023-121139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Palm weevils, Rhynchophorus spp., are destructive pests of native, ornamental, and agricultural palm species. Of the 10 recognized species, two of the most injurious species, Rhynchophorus ferrugineus and Rhynchophorus palmarum, both of which have spread beyond their native range, are the best studied. Due to its greater global spread and damage to edible date industries in the Middle East, R. ferrugineus has received more research interest. Integrated pest management programs utilize traps baited with aggregation pheromone, removal of infested palms, and insecticides. However, weevil control is costly, development of resistance to insecticides is problematic, and program efficacy can be impaired because early detection of infestations is difficult. The genome of R. ferrugineus has been sequenced, and omics research is providing insight into pheromone communication and changes in volatile and metabolism profiles of weevil-infested palms. We outline how such developments could lead to new control strategies and early detection tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark S Hoddle
- Department of Entomology, University of California, Riverside, California, USA; ,
| | - Binu Antony
- Chair of Date Palm Research, Department of Plant Protection, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Hamadttu A F El-Shafie
- Sustainable Date Palm Pest Management Research Program, Date Palm Research Center of Excellence, King Faisal University, Hofuf-Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia;
| | - M Lourdes Chamorro
- Systematic Entomology Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, c/o National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, USA;
| | - Ivan Milosavljević
- Department of Entomology, University of California, Riverside, California, USA; ,
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50
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Li Z, Costamagna AC, Beran F, You M. Biology, Ecology, and Management of Flea Beetles in Brassica Crops. Annu Rev Entomol 2024; 69:199-217. [PMID: 38270984 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-ento-033023-015753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Brassica vegetable and oilseed crops are attacked by several different flea beetle species (Chrysomelidae: Alticini). Over the past decades, most research has focused on two Phyllotreta species, Phyllotreta striolata and Phyllotreta cruciferae, which are major pests of oilseed rape in North America. More recently, and especially after the ban of neonicotinoids in the European Union, the cabbage stem flea beetle, Psylliodes chrysocephala, has become greatly important and is now considered to be the major pest of winter oilseed rape in Europe. The major challenges to flea beetle control are the prediction of population dynamics in the field, differential susceptibility to insecticides, and the lack of resistant plant cultivars and other economically viable alternative management strategies. At the same time, many fundamental aspects of flea beetle biology and ecology, which may be relevant for the development of sustainable control strategies, are not well understood. This review focuses on the interactions between flea beetles and plants and summarizes the literature on current management strategies with an emphasis on the potential for biological control in flea beetle management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyu Li
- Institute of Plant Protection, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China;
| | | | - Franziska Beran
- Department of Population Ecology, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Jena, Germany,
| | - Minsheng You
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China;
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