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Luthfi M, Pandey RB, Su YC, Sompornpisut P. Deciphering molecular basis of pesticide-induced recurrent pregnancy loss: insights from transcriptomics analysis. Toxicol Mech Methods 2024; 34:527-544. [PMID: 38294000 DOI: 10.1080/15376516.2024.2307975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Recent studies have revealed a notable connection between pesticide exposure and Recurrent Pregnancy Loss (RPL), yet the precise molecular underpinning of this toxicity remains elusive. Through the alignment of Differentially Expressed Genes (DEGs) of healthy and RPL patients with the target genes of 9 pesticide components, we identified a set of 12 genes responsible for RPL etiology. Interestingly, biological process showed that besides RPL, those 12 genes also associated with preeclampsia and cardiovascular disease. Enrichment analysis showed the engagement of these genes associated with essential roles in the molecular transport of small molecules, as well as the aldosterone-regulated sodium reabsorption, endocrine and other factor-regulated calcium reabsorption, mineral absorption, ion homeostasis, and ion transport by P-type ATPases. Notably, the crosstalk targets between pesticide components played crucial roles in influencing RPL results, suggesting a role in attenuating pesticide agents that contribute to RPL. It is important to note that non-significant concentration of the pesticide components observed in both control and RPL samples should not prematurely undermine the potential for pesticides to induce RPL in humans. This study emphasizes the complexity of pesticide induced RPL and highlights avenues for further research and precautionary measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Luthfi
- Program in Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Graduate School, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Computational Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - R B Pandey
- School of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS, USA
| | - Yong-Chao Su
- Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Pornthep Sompornpisut
- Program in Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Graduate School, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Computational Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Ssekkadde P, Tomberge VMJ, Brugger C, Atuhaire A, Dalvie MA, Rother HA, Röösli M, Inauen J, Fuhrimann S. Evaluating and Enhancing an Educational Intervention to Reduce Smallholder Farmers' Exposure to Pesticides in Uganda Through a Digital, Systematic Approach to Behavior Change: Protocol for a Cluster-Randomized Controlled Trial. JMIR Res Protoc 2024; 13:e55238. [PMID: 38718387 PMCID: PMC11112482 DOI: 10.2196/55238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Smallholder farmers receive educational interventions on safe pesticide handling by governmental agencies, industries, or nongovernmental organizations to reduce exposure risks. However, existing educational interventions have limited effects on changing behaviors. Targeting psychosocial determinants of behavior change in educational interventions through theory- and evidence-based approaches may enhance their effectiveness. OBJECTIVE We aim at describing the intervention development and study design of a 3-arm cluster-randomized controlled trial to assess the effects in improving safe pesticide handling and reducing pesticide exposure of (1) an existing educational intervention and (2) a newly developed SMS text messaging intervention based on the Risks, Attitudes, Norms, Abilities, and Self-regulation (RANAS) behavior change approach. METHODS We enrolled 539 Ugandan smallholder farmers in 12 clusters (subcounties). The clusters, each with 45 farmers, were randomly allocated to one of the three arms: (1) educational intervention, (2) educational intervention+RANAS-based SMS text messages, or (3) control group. The educational intervention comprised a 2-day workshop that targeted multiple aspects of safe pesticide handling, whereas the SMS text messages targeted the use of personal protective equipment (PPE) and were based on the RANAS approach. For intervention development in this study, this approach includes identifying psychosocial determinants of PPE use at baseline and selecting behavior change techniques to target them in SMS text messages. The primary outcomes of the study are (1) pesticide knowledge, attitude, and practice scores indicating performance throughout the educational intervention; and (2) frequency of PPE use. Secondary outcomes are the RANAS-based behavioral determinants of PPE use, the frequency of glove use, algorithm-based pesticide exposure intensity scores, and signs and symptoms of pesticide poisoning. The outcomes were assessed in structured interviews before the intervention (baseline) and at the 12-month follow-up. The effect of the interventions among the arms will be analyzed using the intervention arms and baseline measures as predictors and the follow-up measures as outcomes in linear multivariable mixed models including the clusters as random effects. The mediating psychosocial determinants of the interventions will be assessed in multiple mediation models. RESULTS The study was conducted from 2020 to 2021-baseline interviews were conducted in October 2020, and the educational intervention was delivered in November 2020. The RANAS-based SMS text messages were developed based on the baseline data for relevant behavioral determinants of PPE use and sent between February 2021 and September 2021. Follow-up interviews were conducted in October 2021. Overall, 539 farmers were enrolled in the study at baseline; 8.3% (45/539) were lost to follow-up by the end of the study. CONCLUSIONS This study will contribute to a better understanding of the effectiveness and behavior change mechanisms of educational interventions by using an experimental, cluster-randomized study design to improve pesticide handling among smallholder farmers. TRIAL REGISTRATION International Standard Randomised Controlled Trial Number (ISRCTN) 18237656; https://doi.org/10.1186/ISRCTN18237656. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID) DERR1-10.2196/55238.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Ssekkadde
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Allschwil, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Vica Marie Jelena Tomberge
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Allschwil, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Institute of Psychology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Curdin Brugger
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Allschwil, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Aggrey Atuhaire
- Uganda National Association of Community and Occupational Health, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Mohamed Aqiel Dalvie
- School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Hanna-Andrea Rother
- School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Martin Röösli
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Allschwil, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jennifer Inauen
- Institute of Psychology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Samuel Fuhrimann
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Allschwil, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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Rohr P, Karen S, Francisco LFV, Oliveira MA, dos Santos Neto MF, Silveira HCS. Epigenetic processes involved in response to pesticide exposure in human populations: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Environ Epigenet 2024; 10:dvae005. [PMID: 38779494 PMCID: PMC11110075 DOI: 10.1093/eep/dvae005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
In recent decades, the use of pesticides in agriculture has increased dramatically. This has resulted in these substances being widely dispersed in the environment, contaminating both exposed workers and communities living near agricultural areas and via contaminated foodstuffs. In addition to acute poisoning, chronic exposure to pesticides can lead to molecular changes that are becoming better understood. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess, through a systematic review of the literature, what epigenetic alterations are associated with pesticide exposure. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis including case-control, cohort and cross-sectional observational epidemiological studies to verify the epigenetic changes, such as DNA methylation, histone modification and differential microRNA expression, in humans who had been exposed to any type of pesticide. Articles published between the years 2005 and 2020 were collected. Two different reviewers performed a blind selection of the studies using the Rayyan QCRI software. Post-completion, the data of selected articles were extracted and analyzed. Most of the 28 articles included evaluated global DNA methylation levels, and the most commonly reported epigenetic modification in response to pesticide exposure was global DNA hypomethylation. Meta-analysis revealed a significant negative correlation between Alu methylation levels and β-hexachlorocyclohexane, p,p'-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethane and p,p'-dichlorodiphenylethylene levels. In addition, some specific genes were reported to be hypermethylated in promoter regions, such as CDKN2AIGF2, WRAP53α and CDH1, while CDKN2B and H19 were hypomethylated due to pesticide exposure. The expression of microRNAs was also altered in response to pesticides, as miR-223, miR-518d-3p, miR-597, miR-517b and miR-133b that are associated with many human diseases. Therefore, this study provides evidence that pesticide exposure could lead to epigenetic modifications, possibly altering global and gene-specific methylation levels, epigenome-wide methylation and microRNA differential expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Rohr
- Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Rua Antenor Duarte Vilela, 1331, B. Dr. Paulo Prata, Barretos, SP 14784-390, Brazil
| | - Shimoyama Karen
- Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Rua Antenor Duarte Vilela, 1331, B. Dr. Paulo Prata, Barretos, SP 14784-390, Brazil
| | - Luiza Flávia Veiga Francisco
- Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Rua Antenor Duarte Vilela, 1331, B. Dr. Paulo Prata, Barretos, SP 14784-390, Brazil
| | - Marco Antônio Oliveira
- Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Rua Antenor Duarte Vilela, 1331, B. Dr. Paulo Prata, Barretos, SP 14784-390, Brazil
| | - Martins Fidelis dos Santos Neto
- Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Rua Antenor Duarte Vilela, 1331, B. Dr. Paulo Prata, Barretos, SP 14784-390, Brazil
| | - Henrique C S Silveira
- Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Rua Antenor Duarte Vilela, 1331, B. Dr. Paulo Prata, Barretos, SP 14784-390, Brazil
- Campus São Paulo, University of Anhanguera, São Paulo, SP 04119-901, Brazil
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Obregon D, Guerrero O, Sossa D, Stashenko E, Prada F, Ramirez B, Duplais C, Poveda K. Route of exposure to veterinary products in bees: Unraveling pasture's impact on avermectin exposure and tolerance in stingless bees. PNAS Nexus 2024; 3:pgae068. [PMID: 38444603 PMCID: PMC10914370 DOI: 10.1093/pnasnexus/pgae068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
Deforestation rapidly increases in tropical regions, primarily driven by converting natural habitats into pastures for extensive cattle ranching. This landscape transformation, coupled with pesticide use, are key drivers of bee population decline. Here, we investigate the impact of pasture-dominated landscapes on colony performance, pesticide exposure, and insecticide sensitivity of the stingless bee Tetragonisca angustula. We monitored 16 colonies located in landscapes with varying proportions of pasture. We collected bee bread for pesticide and palynological analysis. We found a positive correlation between pollen diversity and colony growth, with no effect of the proportion of pasture in the landscape. In contrast, we detected prevalent and hazardous concentrations of the insecticide abamectin (9.6-1,856 µg/kg) in bee bread, which significantly increased with a higher proportion of pasture. Despite the abamectin exposure, the bee colonies displayed no adverse effects on their growth, indicating a potential tolerance response. Further investigations revealed that bees from sites with higher proportions of pasture showed significantly reduced mortality when exposed to a lethal concentration of abamectin (0.021 µg/µL) after 48 h. Since abamectin is scarcely used in the study area, we designed an experiment to track ivermectin, a closely related antiparasitic drug used in cattle. Our findings uncovered a new exposure route of bees to pesticides, wherein ivermectin excreted by cattle is absorbed and biotransformed into abamectin within flowering plants in the pastures. These results highlight that unexplained exposure routes of bees to pesticides remain to be described while also revealing that bees adapt to changing landscapes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Obregon
- Department of Entomology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA
- New York State Integrated Pest Management Program, Cornell University, Geneva, NY 14456, USA
| | - Olger Guerrero
- Department of Agronomic Engineering, La Salle University, Yopal, Casanare 850008, Colombia
| | - David Sossa
- Department of Entomology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA
| | - Elena Stashenko
- CROM-MASS Laboratory, Industrial University of Santander, Bucaramanga 680002, Colombia
| | - Fausto Prada
- CROM-MASS Laboratory, Industrial University of Santander, Bucaramanga 680002, Colombia
| | - Beatriz Ramirez
- Department of Conservation and Environmental Sovereignty, ABC Colombia, Yopal, Casanare 850008, Colombia
| | - Christophe Duplais
- Department of Entomology, Cornell AgriTech, Cornell University, Geneva, NY 14456, USA
| | - Katja Poveda
- Department of Entomology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA
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Hotchkiss MZ, Forrest JRK, Poulain AJ. Exposure to a fungicide for a field-realistic duration does not alter bumble bee fecal microbiota structure. Appl Environ Microbiol 2024; 90:e0173923. [PMID: 38240563 PMCID: PMC10880609 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01739-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Social bees are frequently exposed to pesticides when foraging on nectar and pollen. Recent research has shown that pesticide exposure not only impacts social bee host health but can also alter the community structure of social bee gut microbiotas. However, most research on pesticide-bee gut microbiota interactions has been conducted in honey bees; bumble bees, native North American pollinators, have received less attention and, due to differences in their ecology, may be exposed to certain pesticides for shorter durations than honey bees. Here, we examine how exposure to the fungicide chlorothalonil for a short, field-realistic duration alters bumble bee fecal microbiotas (used as a proxy for gut microbiotas) and host performance. We expose small groups of Bombus impatiens workers (microcolonies) to field-realistic chlorothalonil concentrations for 5 days, track changes in fecal microbiotas during the exposure period and a recovery period, and compare microcolony offspring production between treatments at the end of the experiment. We also assess the use of fecal microbiotas as a gut microbiota proxy by comparing community structures of fecal and gut microbiotas. We find that chlorothalonil exposure for a short duration does not alter bumble bee fecal microbiota structure or affect microcolony production at any concentration but that fecal and gut microbiotas differ significantly in community structure. Our results show that, at least when exposure durations are brief and unaccompanied by other stressors, bumble bee microbiotas are resilient to fungicide exposure. Additionally, our work highlights the importance of sampling gut microbiotas directly, when possible.IMPORTANCEWith global pesticide use expected to increase in the coming decades, studies on how pesticides affect the health and performance of animals, including and perhaps especially pollinators, will be crucial to minimize negative environmental impacts of pesticides in agriculture. Here, we find no effect of exposure to chlorothalonil for a short, field-realistic period on bumble bee fecal microbiota community structure or microcolony production regardless of pesticide concentration. Our results can help inform pesticide use practices to minimize negative environmental impacts on the health and fitness of bumble bees, which are key native, commercial pollinators in North America. We also find that concurrently sampled bumble bee fecal and gut microbiotas contain similar microbes but differ from one another in community structure and consequently suggest that using fecal microbiotas as a proxy for gut microbiotas be done cautiously; this result contributes to our understanding of proxy use in gut microbiota research.
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Mittal R, Camick N, Lemos JRN, Hirani K. Gene-environment interaction in the pathophysiology of type 1 diabetes. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1335435. [PMID: 38344660 PMCID: PMC10858453 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1335435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a complex metabolic autoimmune disorder that affects millions of individuals worldwide and often leads to significant comorbidities. However, the precise trigger of autoimmunity and disease onset remain incompletely elucidated. This integrative perspective article synthesizes the cumulative role of gene-environment interaction in the pathophysiology of T1D. Genetics plays a significant role in T1D susceptibility, particularly at the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) locus and cathepsin H (CTSH) locus. In addition to genetics, environmental factors such as viral infections, pesticide exposure, and changes in the gut microbiome have been associated with the development of T1D. Alterations in the gut microbiome impact mucosal integrity and immune tolerance, increasing gut permeability through molecular mimicry and modulation of the gut immune system, thereby increasing the risk of T1D potentially through the induction of autoimmunity. HLA class II haplotypes with known effects on T1D incidence may directly correlate to changes in the gut microbiome, but precisely how the genes influence changes in the gut microbiome, and how these changes provoke T1D, requires further investigations. These gene-environment interactions are hypothesized to increase susceptibility to T1D through epigenetic changes such as DNA methylation and histone modification, which in turn modify gene expression. There is a need to determine the efficacy of new interventions that target these epigenetic modifications such as "epidrugs", which will provide novel avenues for the effective management of T1D leading to improved quality of life of affected individuals and their families/caregivers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Mittal
- Diabetes Research Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Nathanael Camick
- Diabetes Research Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
- Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Joana R. N. Lemos
- Diabetes Research Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Khemraj Hirani
- Diabetes Research Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
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Sapbamrer R, Sittitoon N, Thongtip S, Chaipin E, Sutalangka C, Chaiut W, La-up A, Thirarattanasunthon P, Thammachai A, Suwannakul B, Sangkarit N, Kitro A, Panumasvivat J. Acute health symptoms related to perception and practice of pesticides use among farmers from all regions of Thailand. Front Public Health 2024; 11:1296082. [PMID: 38259756 PMCID: PMC10800609 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1296082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Occupational exposure to pesticides may cause acute health effects for farmers and agricultural workers. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the prevalence of poisoning symptoms related pesticide exposure among farmers from all regions of Thailand, as well as factors linked to poisoning symptoms of neurological and neuromuscular systems, the respiratory system, and eye and skin disorders. Methods A cross sectional study was conducted in 4,035 farmers who lived in four regions of Thailand. The samples were chosen using stratified random sampling, with 746 for the Central region, 2,065 for the North-East, 586 for the North, and 638 for the South. Results The results found that the highest prevalence of poisoning symptoms was found in association with neurological and neuromuscular systems (75%), followed by the respiratory system (60.4%), the eyes (41.2%), and skin (14.8%). The most prevalent symptoms were muscle pain (49%) for neurological and neuromuscular symptoms, burning nose (37.6%) for respiratory symptoms, itchy eyes (26.3%) for eye symptoms, and rashes (14.4%) for skin symptoms. The remarkable findings were that types of pesticide use, task on the farm, types of pesticide sprayers, and perception are the crucial factors affecting all poisoning symptoms. Discussion The findings are also beneficial to the Thai government and other relevant organizations for launching measures, campaigns, or interventions to lower modifiable risk factors, resulting in reducing health risks associated with pesticide exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ratana Sapbamrer
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Nalin Sittitoon
- School of Environmental Health, Institute of Public Health, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand
| | - Sakesun Thongtip
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, University of Phayao, Phayao, Thailand
| | - Eakasit Chaipin
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Science, Rajabhat Lampang University, Lampang, Thailand
| | - Chatchada Sutalangka
- Department of Physical Therapy, School of Integrative Medicine, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, Thailand
| | - Wilawan Chaiut
- Department of Physical Therapy, School of Integrative Medicine, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, Thailand
| | - Aroon La-up
- Nakhonsawan Campus, Mahidol University, Nakhon Sawan, Thailand
| | | | - Ajchamon Thammachai
- Department of Physical Therapy, School of Allied Health Sciences, University of Phayao, Phayao, Thailand
| | - Boonsita Suwannakul
- Department of Physical Therapy, School of Allied Health Sciences, University of Phayao, Phayao, Thailand
| | - Noppharath Sangkarit
- Department of Physical Therapy, School of Allied Health Sciences, University of Phayao, Phayao, Thailand
| | - Amornphat Kitro
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Jinjuta Panumasvivat
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
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Albacete S, Sancho G, Azpiazu C, Rodrigo A, Molowny-Horas R, Sgolastra F, Bosch J. Bees exposed to climate change are more sensitive to pesticides. Glob Chang Biol 2023; 29:6248-6260. [PMID: 37656005 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Bee populations are exposed to multiple stressors, including land-use change, biological invasions, climate change, and pesticide exposure, that may interact synergistically. We analyze the combined effects of climate warming and sublethal insecticide exposure in the solitary bee Osmia cornuta. Previous Osmia studies show that warm wintering temperatures cause body weight loss, lipid consumption, and fat body depletion. Because the fat body plays a key role in xenobiotic detoxification, we expected that bees exposed to climate warming scenarios would be more sensitive to pesticides. We exposed O. cornuta females to three wintering treatments: current scenario (2007-2012 temperatures), near-future (2021-2050 projected temperatures), and distant-future (2051-2080). Upon emergence in spring, bees were orally exposed to three sublethal doses of an insecticide (Closer, a.i. sulfoxaflor; 0, 4.55 and 11.64 ng a.i./bee). We measured the combined effects of wintering and insecticide exposure on phototactic response, syrup consumption, and longevity. Wintering treatment by itself did not affect winter mortality, but body weight loss increased with increasing wintering temperatures. Similarly, wintering treatment by itself hardly influenced phototactic response or syrup consumption. However, bees wintered at the warmest temperatures had shorter longevity, a strong fecundity predictor in Osmia. Insecticide exposure, especially at the high dose, impaired the ability of bees to respond to light, and resulted in reduced syrup consumption and longevity. The combination of the warmest winter and the high insecticide dose resulted in a 70% longevity decrease. Smaller bees, resulting from smaller pollen-nectar provisions, had shorter longevity suggesting nutritional stress may further compromise fecundity in O. cornuta. Our results show a synergistic interaction between two major drivers of bee declines, and indicate that bees will become more sensitive to pesticides under the current global warming scenario. Our findings have important implications for pesticide regulation and underscore the need to consider multiple stressors to understand bee declines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Albacete
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
- Centre for Ecological Research and Forestry Applications (CREAF), Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Gonzalo Sancho
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
- Centre for Ecological Research and Forestry Applications (CREAF), Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Celeste Azpiazu
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology (CSIC-Universitat Pompeu Fabra), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anselm Rodrigo
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
- Centre for Ecological Research and Forestry Applications (CREAF), Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Roberto Molowny-Horas
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
- Centre for Ecological Research and Forestry Applications (CREAF), Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Fabio Sgolastra
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Agro-Alimentari, Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Jordi Bosch
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
- Centre for Ecological Research and Forestry Applications (CREAF), Bellaterra, Spain
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Jiang B, Pang J, Li J, Mi L, Ru D, Feng J, Li X, Zhao A, Cai L. The effects of organic food on human health: a systematic review and meta-analysis of population-based studies. Nutr Rev 2023:nuad124. [PMID: 37930102 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuad124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT Although the nutritional composition of organic food has been thoroughly researched, there is a dearth of published data relating to its impact on human health. OBJECTIVE This systematic review aimed to examine the association between organic food intake and health effects, including changes in in vivo biomarkers, disease prevalence, and functional changes. DATA SOURCES PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, the Cochrane Library, and ClinicalTrials.gov were searched from inception through Nov 13, 2022. DATA EXTRACTION Both observational and interventional studies conducted in human populations were included, and association between level of organic food intake and each outcome was quantified as "no association," "inconsistent," "beneficial correlation/harmful correlation," or "insufficient". For outcomes with sufficient data reported by at least 3 studies, meta-analyses were conducted, using random-effects models to calculate standardized mean differences. DATA ANALYSIS Based on the included 23 observational and 27 interventional studies, the association between levels of organic food intake and (i) pesticide exposure biomarker was assessed as "beneficial correlation," (ii) toxic metals and carotenoids in the plasma was assessed as "no association," (iii) fatty acids in human milk was assessed as "insufficient," (iv) phenolics was assessed as "beneficial", and serum parameters and antioxidant status was assessed as "inconsistent". For diseases and functional changes, there was an overall "beneficial" association with organic food intake, and there were similar findings for obesity and body mass index. However, evidence for association of organic food intake with other single diseases was assessed as "insufficient" due to the limited number and extent of studies. CONCLUSION Organic food intake was found to have a beneficial impact in terms of reducing pesticide exposure, and the general effect on disease and functional changes (body mass index, male sperm quality) was appreciable. More long-term studies are required, especially for single diseases. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION PROSPERO registration no. CRD42022350175.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bibo Jiang
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinzhu Pang
- Inner Mongolia Mengniu Dairy (Group) Co., Ltd, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Bellamy Food Trade (Shanghai) Co., Ltd, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Junan Li
- Inner Mongolia Mengniu Dairy (Group) Co., Ltd, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Bellamy Food Trade (Shanghai) Co., Ltd, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Lijuan Mi
- Inner Mongolia Mengniu Dairy (Group) Co., Ltd, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Bellamy Food Trade (Shanghai) Co., Ltd, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongmei Ru
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingxi Feng
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoxu Li
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Ai Zhao
- Vanke School of Public Health, Tsinghua University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Cai
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
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10
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Fernández-Vizcaíno E, Mougeot F, Cabodevilla X, Fernández-Tizón M, Mateo R, Madeira MJ, Ortiz-Santaliestra ME. Diet and Spatial Ecology Influence Red-Legged Partridge Exposure to Pesticides Used as Seed Treatment. Environ Sci Technol 2023; 57:14861-14870. [PMID: 37747849 PMCID: PMC10569034 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c03905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
Seed treatment with pesticides is an extended agricultural practice with a high risk to granivorous birds that consume those seeds. To characterize that risk, it is necessary to understand the ecological factors that determine the exposure chances of birds to treated seeds. We investigated how pesticide uptake by red-legged partridges was related to cultivated plant ingestion and to the use of recently sown fields. We analyzed pesticide residues in 144 fecal samples from 32 flocks and determined the plant diet composition using DNA metabarcoding. Habitat use was studied through the monitoring of 15 GPS-tagged partridges. We confirmed, through the analysis of seeds, that >80% of cereal fields from the area had seeds treated with triazole fungicides. Tebuconazole was detected in 16.6% of partridges' feces. During the sowing season, cultivated plants accounted for half of the plant diet, but no association was found between cultivated plant consumption and pesticide intake. GPS tracking revealed that tebuconazole was detected in feces when partridges had recently used sown fields, whereas nonexposed partridges showed no overlap with recently sown areas. Our results highlight the need to incorporate field ecology into the characterization of pesticide exposure to improve the efficacy of environmental risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Fernández-Vizcaíno
- Instituto
de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos (IREC) CSIC-UCLM-JCCM, Ronda de Toledo 12, Ciudad Real 13005, Spain
| | - François Mougeot
- Instituto
de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos (IREC) CSIC-UCLM-JCCM, Ronda de Toledo 12, Ciudad Real 13005, Spain
| | - Xabier Cabodevilla
- Conservation
Biology Group, Landscape Dynamics and Biodiversity Program, Forest Science and Technology Centre of Catalonia
(CTFC), km 2, Solsona 25280, Spain
- Terrestrial
Ecology Group (TEG-UAM), Department of Ecology, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Calle Darwin 2, Madrid 28049, Spain
| | - Mario Fernández-Tizón
- Instituto
de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos (IREC) CSIC-UCLM-JCCM, Ronda de Toledo 12, Ciudad Real 13005, Spain
| | - Rafael Mateo
- Instituto
de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos (IREC) CSIC-UCLM-JCCM, Ronda de Toledo 12, Ciudad Real 13005, Spain
| | - María J. Madeira
- Department
of Zoology and Animal Cell Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Paseo de la Universidad 7, Vitoria-Gasteiz 01006, Alava, Spain
| | - Manuel E. Ortiz-Santaliestra
- Instituto
de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos (IREC) CSIC-UCLM-JCCM, Ronda de Toledo 12, Ciudad Real 13005, Spain
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11
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Thao C, Yen IH, Ha S, Burke NJ. Pesticide Take-Home Pathways, Storage, and Application Methods Among Hmong Farmers in Central Valley, California. J Agromedicine 2023; 28:726-733. [PMID: 37031353 DOI: 10.1080/1059924x.2023.2199001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Pesticide exposure via take-home pathways is a major health concern among farmers. However, little is known about the effects of pesticide take-home pathways on small-scale Hmong farmers in the Central Valley. This study explored factors that contribute to pesticide exposure via the take-home pathway among small-scale Hmong farmers in the Central Valley. METHODS Detailed ethnographic observations of small-scale farms and corresponding homes were coupled with in-depth qualitative interviews with Hmong farmers to assess the extent of the pesticide take-home pathway. RESULTS The study found daily challenges and numerous ways that pesticide particles may be introduced into farmers' homes. Given the paucity of research about Hmong farmers' pesticide take-home pathways, the study's findings advance the scholarship on pesticide exposures in the Hmong farmer community. CONCLUSION This study advocates for more culturally and linguistically appropriate pesticide exposure training and educational programs tailored to Hmong farmers in the United States.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia Thao
- Public Health, University of California Merced School of Social Sciences Humanities and Arts, Merced, CA, USA
| | - Irene H Yen
- Public Health, University of California Merced School of Social Sciences Humanities and Arts, Merced, CA, USA
| | - Sandie Ha
- Public Health, University of California Merced School of Social Sciences Humanities and Arts, Merced, CA, USA
| | - Nancy J Burke
- Public Health, University of California Merced School of Social Sciences Humanities and Arts, Merced, CA, USA
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12
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Li H, Zheng C, Zhang Y, Yang H, Li J. The directed acyclic graph helped identify confounders in the association between coronary heart disease and pesticide exposure among greenhouse vegetable farmers. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e35073. [PMID: 37746981 PMCID: PMC10519556 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000035073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
To explore the causal pathways associated with coronary heart disease (CHD) and pesticide exposure using a directed acyclic graph (DAG) analysis and to investigate the potential benefits of DAG by comparing it with logistic regression. This cross-sectional study enrolled 1368 participants from April 2015 to May 2017. Trained research investigators interviewed farmers using a self-administered questionnaire. Logistic regression and DAG models were used to identify the associations between CHD and chronic pesticide exposure. A total of 150 (11.0%) of the 1368 participants are characterized as having CHD. High pesticide exposure (odds ratio = 2.852, 95% confidence intervals: 1.951-4.171) is associated with CHD when compare with low pesticide exposure by both DAG and logistic analyses. After adjusting for the additional potential influence of factors identified by the DAG analysis, there is no significant association, such as the results in logistic regression: ethnicity, education level, settlement time, and mixed pesticide status. Specifically, age, meal frequency, and consumption of fresh fruit, according to the DAG analysis, are independent factors for CHD. High pesticide exposure is a risk factor for CHD as indicated by both DAG and logistic regression analyses. DAG can be a preferable improvement over traditional regression methods to identify sources of bias and causal inference in observational studies, especially for complex research questions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honghui Li
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China
| | - Cheng Zheng
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, School of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, School of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China
| | - Huifang Yang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China
| | - Jiangping Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, School of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China
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13
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Rattanawitoon T, Siriwong W, Shendell D, Fiedler N, Robson MG. An Evaluation of a Pesticide Training Program to Reduce Pesticide Exposure and Enhance Safety among Female Farmworkers in Nan, Thailand. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2023; 20:6635. [PMID: 37681775 PMCID: PMC10487852 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20176635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although exposure to chemical pesticides is known to cause negative effects on human health, farmers in Ban Luang, Nan, Thailand, continue to use them regularly to protect crops. This study focused on mothers who were engaged in farm tasks and had children between the ages of 0 to 72 months, with the objective of reducing pesticide exposure. METHODS This study was conducted from May 2020 to October 2020 in the Ban Fa and Ban Phi sub-districts in Ban Luang due to the high use of pesticides in these areas. A systematic random sampling technique was used to recruit 78 mothers exposed to pesticides. Thirty-nine mothers from Ban Fa district were randomly assigned to the intervention group and 39 from Ban Phi to the control group over a 3-month period. This study applied a pesticide behavioral change training program for the intervention group. To assess the effectiveness of the program, the study compared the results of a questionnaire regarding knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) and health beliefs related to pesticide exposure as well as the levels of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyryl cholinesterase (BChE) enzymes, biomarkers of exposure to pesticides, before and after the intervention using ANCOVA statistical test. Furthermore, to evaluate the effectiveness of the intervention program, a paired t-test was used to investigate the in-home pesticide safety assessment. RESULTS After the intervention, we observed no significant change in AChE; however, a significant improvement in BChE (p < 0.05), a marker of short-term recovery, was observed. Pesticides can cause a reduction in AChE and BChE, however, after eliminating pesticides, BChE takes a shorter time (about 30-50 days) to recover than AChE (around 90-120 days). Therefore, increases in the measured concentrations of AChE and/or BChE suggest the presence of less chemicals from pesticides in the human body. The study also found a significant improvement in KAP and beliefs about chemical pesticide exposure after the intervention (p < 0.05). Furthermore, using a paired t-test, we found a significant increase in pesticide safety practices (p < 0.05) in the intervention group and a borderline significant increase regarding in-home safety (p = 0.051) in the control group. CONCLUSIONS Based on the results, the constructs of the intervention program were effective and could be applied in other agricultural areas in less developed countries. However, due to time limitations during the COVID-19 pandemic, further studies should be conducted to enable data collection over a longer time, with a larger number of subjects providing the ChE levels for the non-agricultural season.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanawat Rattanawitoon
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health and Justice, Rutgers School of Public Health, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA; (D.S.); (N.F.)
| | - Wattasit Siriwong
- College of Public Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Institute Building 3 (10th–11th Floor), Chulalongkorn soi 62, Phyathai Rd., Bangkok 10330, Thailand;
| | - Derek Shendell
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health and Justice, Rutgers School of Public Health, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA; (D.S.); (N.F.)
- NJ Safe Schools Program, Rutgers School of Public Health, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
- Rutgers Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA;
| | - Nancy Fiedler
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health and Justice, Rutgers School of Public Health, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA; (D.S.); (N.F.)
- Rutgers Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA;
| | - Mark Gregory Robson
- Rutgers Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA;
- Department of Plant Biology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
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14
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Gois MFB, Fernández-Pato A, Huss A, Gacesa R, Wijmenga C, Weersma RK, Fu J, Vermeulen RCH, Zhernakova A, Lenters VC, Kurilshikov A. Impact of occupational pesticide exposure on the human gut microbiome. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1223120. [PMID: 37637104 PMCID: PMC10448898 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1223120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The rising use of pesticides in modern agriculture has led to a shift in disease burden in which exposure to these chemicals plays an increasingly important role. The human gut microbiome, which is partially responsible for the biotransformation of xenobiotics, is also known to promote biotransformation of environmental pollutants. Understanding the effects of occupational pesticide exposure on the gut microbiome can thus provide valuable insights into the mechanisms underlying the impact of pesticide exposure on health. Here we investigate the impact of occupational pesticide exposure on human gut microbiome composition in 7198 participants from the Dutch Microbiome Project of the Lifelines Study. We used job-exposure matrices in combination with occupational codes to retrieve categorical and cumulative estimates of occupational exposures to general pesticides, herbicides, insecticides and fungicides. Approximately 4% of our cohort was occupationally exposed to at least one class of pesticides, with predominant exposure to multiple pesticide classes. Most participants reported long-term employment, suggesting a cumulative profile of exposure. We demonstrate that contact with insecticides, fungicides and a general "all pesticides" class was consistently associated with changes in the gut microbiome, showing significant associations with decreased alpha diversity and a differing beta diversity. We also report changes in the abundance of 39 different bacterial taxa upon exposure to the different pesticide classes included in this study. Together, the extent of statistically relevant associations between gut microbial changes and pesticide exposure in our findings highlights the impact of these compounds on the human gut microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milla F. Brandao Gois
- Department of Genetics and Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Asier Fernández-Pato
- Department of Genetics and Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Anke Huss
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Ranko Gacesa
- Department of Genetics and Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Cisca Wijmenga
- Department of Genetics and Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Rinse K. Weersma
- Department of Genetics and Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Jingyuan Fu
- Department of Genetics and Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Roel C. H. Vermeulen
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Alexandra Zhernakova
- Department of Genetics and Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Virissa C. Lenters
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Alexander Kurilshikov
- Department of Genetics and Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
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15
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Lucchesi CA, Vasilatis DM, Mantrala S, Chandrasekar T, Mudryj M, Ghosh PM. Pesticides and Bladder Cancer: Mechanisms Leading to Anti-Cancer Drug Chemoresistance and New Chemosensitization Strategies. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11395. [PMID: 37511154 PMCID: PMC10380322 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple risk factors have been associated with bladder cancer. This review focuses on pesticide exposure, as it is not currently known whether agricultural products have a direct or indirect effect on bladder cancer, despite recent reports demonstrating a strong correlation. While it is known that pesticide exposure is associated with an increased risk of bladder cancer in humans and dogs, the mechanism(s) by which specific pesticides cause bladder cancer initiation or progression is unknown. In this narrative review, we discuss what is currently known about pesticide exposure and the link to bladder cancer. This review highlights multiple pathways modulated by pesticide exposure with direct links to bladder cancer oncogenesis/metastasis (MMP-2, TGF-β, STAT3) and chemoresistance (drug efflux, DNA repair, and apoptosis resistance) and potential therapeutic tactics to counter these pesticide-induced affects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher A. Lucchesi
- VA Northern California Health Care System, Mather, CA 95655, USA; (D.M.V.); (M.M.)
- Department of Surgical & Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Demitria M. Vasilatis
- VA Northern California Health Care System, Mather, CA 95655, USA; (D.M.V.); (M.M.)
- Department of Urological Surgery, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Saisamkalpa Mantrala
- VA Northern California Health Care System, Mather, CA 95655, USA; (D.M.V.); (M.M.)
| | - Thenappan Chandrasekar
- Department of Urological Surgery, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Maria Mudryj
- VA Northern California Health Care System, Mather, CA 95655, USA; (D.M.V.); (M.M.)
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Paramita M. Ghosh
- VA Northern California Health Care System, Mather, CA 95655, USA; (D.M.V.); (M.M.)
- Department of Urological Surgery, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
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16
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Adedire CO, Akinduro OO, Adeyemi JA. Health implications of pesticides application among cocoa farmers in Idanre local government area, Southwest Nigeria. Toxicol Ind Health 2023; 39:258-266. [PMID: 37022338 DOI: 10.1177/07482337231169091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/07/2023]
Abstract
Pesticides are routinely applied by cocoa farmers to enhance cocoa production, which is threatened by pest infestations and diseases. However, the undesired health implications of pesticide applications on the farmers are yet to be fully elucidated especially among cocoa farmers in Idanre despite being the hub of cocoa production in Southwestern Nigeria. This study assessed the extent of pesticide use by cocoa farmers in the study area and determined the effects of exposure on their health using haematological and biochemical parameters as indices. A cross-sectional survey comprising 150 cocoa farmers and 50 controls (artisans) was carried out using structured questionnaire. Blood samples were obtained from participants for the determination of copper and sulphate levels, haematological (haematocrit, red blood cell counts, white blood cell counts and platelet counts) and biochemical (creatinine, cholesterol, direct bilirubin and total bilirubin) parameters. The blood levels of copper and sulphate were significantly higher in the cocoa farmers than in the controls. However, there was no significant difference between the subjects and controls for most of the haematological and biochemical parameters except for the platelet counts and total bilirubin levels. The data from the study did not suggest any serious health effects due to pesticide exposure on the cocoa farmers despite the high blood levels of copper and sulphate, probably due to exposure to copper-based fungicides. However, the high serum bilirubin level among the subjects was an indication of possible liver damage. As such, cocoa farmers should be guided against indiscriminate use of pesticides on their farms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris O Adedire
- Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, 107738Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria
| | - Oluwayomi O Akinduro
- Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, 107738Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria
| | - Joseph A Adeyemi
- Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, 107738Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria
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17
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Rodríguez D, Barg G, Queirolo EI, Olson JR, Mañay N, Kordas K. Pyrethroid and Chlorpyrifos Pesticide Exposure, General Intellectual Abilities, and Executive Functions of School Children from Montevideo, Uruguay. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2023; 20:ijerph20075288. [PMID: 37047904 PMCID: PMC10093823 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20075288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Children's developing brains are susceptible to pesticides. Less is known about the effect of exposure to chlorpyrifos and pyrethroids on executive functions (EF). We measured urinary 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol (TCPy), a metabolite of chlorpyrifos, and urinary 3-phenoxybenzoic acid (3-PBA), a general, nonspecific metabolite of pyrethroids in first-grade children from Montevideo, Uruguay (n = 241, age 80.6 ± 6.4 months, 58.1% boys). EFs were assessed with the Intra-dimensional/Extra-dimensional shift (IED), Spatial Span (SSP), and Stockings of Cambridge (SOC) tests from the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated (CANTAB) Battery. General intellectual ability (GIA) was assessed using the Woodcock-Muñoz Cognitive battery. Median (range) urinary TCPy and 3-PBA levels were 16.7 (1.9, 356.9) ng/mg of creatinine and 3.3 (0.3, 110.6) ng/mg of creatinine, respectively. In multivariable generalized linear models, urinary TCPy was inversely associated with postdimensional errors on the IED task β [95% CI]: -0.11 [-0.17, -0.06]. Urinary 3-PBA was inversely associated with the total number of trials -0.07 [-0.10, -0.04], and the total number of errors -0.12 [-0.18, -0.07] on the IED task. When TCPy and 3-PBA were modeled together, the associations did not differ from single-metabolite models. We found no evidence of effect modification by blood lead level (BLL). Pesticide exposure may affect EF performance in urban children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danelly Rodríguez
- Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14214, USA; (D.R.)
| | - Gabriel Barg
- Department of Neuroscience and Learning, Catholic University of Uruguay, Montevideo 11600, Uruguay
| | - Elena I. Queirolo
- Department of Neuroscience and Learning, Catholic University of Uruguay, Montevideo 11600, Uruguay
| | - James R. Olson
- Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14214, USA; (D.R.)
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14214, USA
| | - Nelly Mañay
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of the Republic of Uruguay (UDELAR), Montevideo 11200, Uruguay
| | - Katarzyna Kordas
- Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14214, USA; (D.R.)
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18
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Kiani Z, Asadikaram G, Faramarz S, Salimi F, Ebrahimi H. Pesticide Exposure and Alzheimer's Disease: A Case-control Study. Curr Alzheimer Res 2023; 19:892-903. [PMID: 36744686 DOI: 10.2174/1567205020666230206142738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Aim / Objective: This study aimed to investigate the levels of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in the serum of Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients. METHODS 63 AD patients and 50 healthy individuals participated, and the levels of some OCPs derivatives (including; α-HCH, β-HCH, γ-HCH, 2,4-DDT, 4,4-DDT, 2,4-DDE, and 4,4-DDE), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), protein carbonyl (PC), malondialdehyde (MDA), Nitric oxide (NO) along with the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), paraoxonase 1(PON1), and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) were measured. RESULTS The mean OCP level of OCPs in AD patients was significantly higher than in the control group. However, the patients' mean levels of TAC, PC, MDA and activity of SOD, GPx, PON1 and AChE were significantly lower than controls. A significant positive correlation was also observed between 2,4-DDE and MDA and between γ-HCH and PC in AD patients. These findings showed that pesticide exposure is associated with an increased risk of AD. Furthermore, the mean levels of oxidative stress markers, which may result from pesticide exposure, were significantly lower in AD patients compared to healthy individuals. CONCLUSION Therefore, it may conclude that pesticides, at least in part, contribute to AD development through several mechanisms, including the induction of oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zohreh Kiani
- Neurology Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Asadikaram
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.,Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Afzalipour Faculty of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Sanaz Faramarz
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.,Endocrinology Research Center, Institute of Basic and Clinical Physiology Sciences, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Fouzieh Salimi
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.,Physiology research center, Institute of Basic and Clinical Physiology Sciences, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Hosseinali Ebrahimi
- 1Neurology Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
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19
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Ueyama J, Hayashi M, Hirayama M, Nishiwaki H, Ito M, Saito I, Tsuboi Y, Isobe T, Ohno K. Effects of Pesticide Intake on Gut Microbiota and Metabolites in Healthy Adults. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022; 20:ijerph20010213. [PMID: 36612532 PMCID: PMC9819155 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20010213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Animal experiments have indicated that pesticides may affect gut microbiota, which is responsible for the production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and polyamines. Here, we present a preliminary observation of the relationship between pesticide exposure and fecal SCFAs and polyamines in Japanese adults. In total, 38 healthy adults aged 69 ± 10 years (mean ± SD) were recruited and subjected to stool and spot urine tests. Urinary dialkylphosphates (DAP), 3-phenoxybenzoic acid, and glyphosate were assayed as pesticide exposure markers of organophosphorus insecticide (OP), a pyrethroid insecticide, and glyphosate, respectively. Significant negative correlations (p < 0.05, Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient) were found between urinary DAP, fecal acetate (r = −0.345), and lactate (r = −0.391). Multiple regression analyses revealed that urinary DAP was a significant explanatory variable of fecal acetate concentration (p < 0.001, β = −24.0, SE = 4.9, t = −4.9) with some vegetable intake (adjusted R-square = 0.751). These findings suggest that OP exposure is independently associated with lower fecal acetate levels, which may contribute to human health in middle-aged and older adult groups. Given that the human gut environment has long-term effects on the host, studies on wide-range age groups, including children, are necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Ueyama
- Department of Pathophysiological Laboratory Sciences, Field of Radiological and Medical Laboratory Sciences, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-20 Daiko-minami, Higashi-ku, Nagoya 461-8673, Japan
| | - Mai Hayashi
- Department of Pathophysiological Laboratory Sciences, Field of Radiological and Medical Laboratory Sciences, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-20 Daiko-minami, Higashi-ku, Nagoya 461-8673, Japan
| | - Masaaki Hirayama
- Department of Pathophysiological Laboratory Sciences, Field of Radiological and Medical Laboratory Sciences, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-20 Daiko-minami, Higashi-ku, Nagoya 461-8673, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Nishiwaki
- Division of Neurogenetics, Center for Neurological Diseases and Cancer, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Mikako Ito
- Division of Neurogenetics, Center for Neurological Diseases and Cancer, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Isao Saito
- Department of Pathophysiological Laboratory Sciences, Field of Radiological and Medical Laboratory Sciences, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-20 Daiko-minami, Higashi-ku, Nagoya 461-8673, Japan
| | - Yoshio Tsuboi
- Department of Neurology, Fukuoka University, 7-45-1 Nanakuma, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan
| | - Tomohiko Isobe
- Health and Environmental Risk Division, National Institute for Environmental Studies, 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba 305-8506, Japan
| | - Kinji Ohno
- Division of Neurogenetics, Center for Neurological Diseases and Cancer, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
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Landeros N, Duk S, Márquez C, Inzunza B, Acuña-Rodríguez IS, Zúñiga-Venegas LA. Genotoxicity and Reproductive Risk in Workers Exposed to Pesticides in Rural Areas of Curicó, Chile: A Pilot Study. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022; 19:16608. [PMID: 36554491 PMCID: PMC9779056 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192416608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Revised: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Significant risks to human health have been associated with chronic exposure to low doses of pesticides, a situation which may be frequent among agricultural workers. In this context, and regarding the agricultural-based economy of central Chile, we aimed to explore the genotoxic damage in agricultural workers and reproductive risk among women in rural and urban areas of Curicó, a traditional agricultural district in Chile. Hence, we sampled a group of rural agricultural workers associated with pesticide management (n = 30) and an urban unexposed group (n = 30). Our results showed that the agricultural workers had higher micronuclei frequencies (MN: β = 13.27; 95% CI low = 11.08, CI high = 15.47) and women had a 40-fold higher risk of reproductive problems (OR = 40.32; 95% CI low = 2.60, CI high = 624.31) than the unexposed group. The factor analysis of mixed data (FAMD) showed that neither the sex nor smoking habits appear to define the ordination of the data. Nevertheless, the exposure level did segregate them in the multidimensional space (explained variance: 35.38% dim-1; 18.63% dim-2). This pilot study highlights the higher risks of biological conditions negatively associated with the health of agricultural workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Landeros
- Centro Oncológico, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Católica del Maule, Talca 3466706, Chile
- Laboratorio de Investigaciones Biomédicas (LIB), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Católica del Maule, Talca 3466706, Chile
| | - Soledad Duk
- Laboratorio de Citogenética y Genética Toxicológica, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción 4070386, Chile
| | - Carolina Márquez
- Laboratorio de Citogenética y Genética Toxicológica, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción 4070386, Chile
| | - Bárbara Inzunza
- Laboratorio de Citogenética y Genética Toxicológica, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción 4070386, Chile
| | - Ian S. Acuña-Rodríguez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Interdisciplinarias (I), Universidad de Talca, Talca 3465548, Chile
| | - Liliana A. Zúñiga-Venegas
- Laboratorio de Investigaciones Biomédicas (LIB), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Católica del Maule, Talca 3466706, Chile
- Centro de Investigación de Estudios Avanzados del Maule (CIEAM), Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca 3466706, Chile
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21
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Tessema RA, Nagy K, Ádám B. Occupational and environmental pesticide exposure and associated health risks among pesticide applicators and non-applicator residents in rural Ethiopia. Front Public Health 2022; 10:1017189. [PMID: 36530710 PMCID: PMC9751888 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.1017189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Intensive pesticide use increased concern about the potential acute and chronic health effects of pesticides in general and among applicators in particular. This study aims to explore occupational and environmental pesticide exposure and health risks among pesticide applicators and residents. A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted involving 1,073 individuals. We examined the health effects potentially attributable to pesticide exposure using regression to estimate prevalence ratios (PR). A higher proportion of good knowledge of pesticides [75 vs. 14%; APR = 1.542 (1.358-1.752), p < 0.001] and a higher mean score of perceived health risk of pesticide use [4.21 vs. 3.90; APR = 1.079 (1.004-1.159), p < 0.05] were observed among applicators than residents. A significantly higher proportion of applicators experienced health effects presumably related to pesticide exposure among themselves (36%) than residents (16%), and a higher proportion of them used prescribed drugs in the past 12 months [51 vs. 32%; APR = 1.140 (1.003-1.295), p < 0.05]. Skin irritation, shortness of breath, cough, and dizziness were more likely reported by applicators than residents. Perceived toxicity of currently applied pesticide products, mix pesticides without gloves, regularly maintain and wash sprayer tank after application, occurrence of an incidental splash during mixing and application, and using home-based care after experiencing a symptom presumably due to pesticide exposure were significantly associated with health effects among applicators. Use of face mask and visiting health facility when experiencing a symptom presumably due to pesticide exposure were significantly positively correlated with attending training on the health risks and use of pesticides. A substantial proportion of applicators reported improper use of preventive measures and methods of pesticide waste disposal. These observations point out that applicators can face high health risks of occupational pesticide exposure in Ethiopia. Even trained applicators pursued poor preventive practices; hence, comprehensive practice-oriented in-depth training focusing on safety precautions and proper use of personal protective equipment, and provision of adequate pesticide waste disposal means are crucial interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roba Argaw Tessema
- Department of Public Health and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary,Doctoral School of Health Sciences, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary,Department of Environmental Health Sciences, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Károly Nagy
- Department of Public Health and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Balázs Ádám
- Department of Public Health and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary,Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates,*Correspondence: Balázs Ádám
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22
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Moda HM, Anang DM, Moses N, Manjo FM, Joshua VI, Christopher N, Doka P, Danjin M. Pesticide Safety Awareness among Rural Farmers in Dadinkowa, Gombe State, Nigeria. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022; 19:13728. [PMID: 36360607 PMCID: PMC9657592 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192113728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Because of the longer growing season and warmer climate, weeds and insect pests spread are on the rise, thereby increasing the demand for pesticide use and consequently harmful emissions that further exacerbate climate change. Unsafe occupational exposure to pesticide residue is associated with a lack of product knowledge and safety awareness among farmers in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). MATERIALS AND METHODS A cross-sectional descriptive study design was adopted for this study in which a face-to-face administered questionnaire was used to collect data from 285 respondents who were selected using convenient snowball sampling technique. Knowledge, awareness, and practices related to pesticide storage, handling, application, and containers disposal among the farmers were measured. Categorical variables were analysed and presented using descriptive statistics in the form of frequency count and percentage, while numeric items were summarized using mean and standard deviation. RESULTS Dichlorvos and Perfekthion 2.5 EC listed in the WHO Group I pesticide classification were among the most frequently used pesticides. Symptoms of pesticide intoxication reported include headaches (56.1%), dizziness (56.5%), skin irritation (53.3%), and fatigue (45.6%), respectively. Farmers' behaviour during pesticide application include blowing clogged nozzle with mouth (42.7%), talking while spraying (59.8%), and mixing pesticide with bare hands (31.1%). Furthermore, 38.5% of them use pesticide containers for other domestic purposes. CONCLUSIONS Socioeconomic factors, i.e., educational level, age, and years of farm practice, influenced farmers safety behaviour. Based on these findings, an approach that will help strengthen capacity building programmes and the enhancement of knowledge-based initiatives around the adoption of non-synthetic pest-control methods should be encouraged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haruna Musa Moda
- Department of Health Professions, Faculty of Health and Education, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester M15 6BG, UK
| | - Daniel Mensah Anang
- Department of Health Professions, Faculty of Health and Education, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester M15 6BG, UK
| | - Newton Moses
- Department of Horticultural Technology, Federal College of Horticulture, Dadin-Kowa 761121, Gombe State, Nigeria
| | - Felix Mandoli Manjo
- Department of Public Health, College of Nursing and Midwifery, Jos 760251, Gombe State, Nigeria
| | - Victoria Ibukun Joshua
- Department of Agricultural Technology, Federal College of Forestry, Jos 930253, Gombe State, Nigeria
| | - Nwadike Christopher
- Department of Agricultural Technology, Federal College of Forestry, Jos 930253, Gombe State, Nigeria
| | - Paulina Doka
- Department of Public Health, College of Nursing and Midwifery, Jos 760251, Gombe State, Nigeria
| | - Mela Danjin
- Department of Public Health, College of Nursing and Midwifery, Jos 760251, Gombe State, Nigeria
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23
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Wang Q, Luo N, Lei M, Zhong L, Li C, Hao P. Facial Irritant Contact Dermatitis Caused by Pyraclostrobin. Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol 2022; 15:1643-1647. [PMID: 35996399 PMCID: PMC9392485 DOI: 10.2147/ccid.s373075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Contact dermatitis and facial contact dermatitis caused by pesticides are not uncommon in China. However, clinically, due to the wide variety of pesticides, they mainly appear in the form of case reports. We reported a 70-year-old male patient developed facial irritant contact dermatitis (ICD) due to pyraclostrobin which was sprayed on his face. Initially, he felt facial burning and tingling, and localized erythematous-edematous and scaly rash appeared on his face as well as front hairline scalp. During the outpatient visit, the main symptoms were a facial burning sensation, itching, and tingling. The patient’s facial lesions improved after treatment. To better protect the skin of agricultural workers, preventive measures should be undertaken, such as personal protective equipment, gas masks, protective clothing and goggles, which are indispensable for manual pesticide spraying. Pyraclostrobin diluted according to the instructions is a potential source of ICD. Agricultural workers should undertake preventive measures during manual pesticide spraying. Safety education and publicity are particularly important. We need dermatologists to spread knowledge and agricultural workers to develop the right protective habits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuyue Wang
- School of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, People's Republic of China.,Department of Dermatology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Nana Luo
- School of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, People's Republic of China.,Department of Dermatology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Lei
- School of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, People's Republic of China.,Department of Dermatology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Lingyuan Zhong
- School of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, People's Republic of China.,Department of Dermatology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunxiao Li
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Pingsheng Hao
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
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24
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Kim SK, Oh HJ, Oh SS, Koh SB. Pesticide Exposure in Relation to the Incidence of Abnormal Glucose Regulation: A Retrospective Cohort Study. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022; 19:7550. [PMID: 35742799 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19127550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes and prediabetes (called abnormal glucose regulation (AGR)) are adverse health effects associated with exposure to pesticides. However, there are few epidemiological studies on the relationship between pesticide use and the incidence of AGR. We examined the causal relationship between pesticide use and AGR incidence in a rural population using data from a Korean Farmers’ Cohort study of 1076 participants. Poisson regression with robust error variance was used to calculate the relative risks (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) to estimate the relationship between pesticide exposure and AGR. The incidence of AGR in the pesticide-exposed group was 29.1%. Pesticide use increased the RR of AGR (RR 1.32, 95% CI 1.03–1.69). We observed a low-dose effect related to exposure of pesticides to AGR and a U-shaped dose–response relationship in men. Pesticide exposure is related to the incidence of AGR, and the causal relationship differs between men and women.
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25
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Tudi M, Li H, Li H, Wang L, Lyu J, Yang L, Tong S, Yu QJ, Ruan HD, Atabila A, Phung DT, Sadler R, Connell D. Exposure Routes and Health Risks Associated with Pesticide Application. Toxics 2022; 10:335. [PMID: 35736943 DOI: 10.3390/toxics10060335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Pesticides play an important role in agricultural development. However, pesticide application can result in both acute and chronic human toxicities, and the adverse effects of pesticides on the environment and human health remain a serious problem. There is therefore a need to discuss the application methods for pesticides, the routes of pesticide exposure, and the health risks posed by pesticide application. The health problems related to pesticide application and exposure in developing countries are of particular concern. The purpose of this paper is to provide scientific information for policymakers in order to allow the development of proper pesticide application technics and methods to minimize pesticide exposure and the adverse health effects on both applicators and communities. Studies indicate that there are four main pesticide application methods, including hydraulic spraying, backpack spraying, basal trunk spraying, and aerial spraying. Pesticide application methods are mainly selected by considering the habits of target pests, the characteristics of target sites, and the properties of pesticides. Humans are directly exposed to pesticides in occupational, agricultural, and household activities and are indirectly exposed to pesticides via environmental media, including air, water, soil, and food. Human exposure to pesticides occurs mainly through dermal, oral, and respiratory routes. People who are directly and/or indirectly exposed to pesticides may contract acute toxicity effects and chronic diseases. Although no segment of the general population is completely protected against exposure to pesticides and their potentially serious health effects, a disproportionate burden is shouldered by people in developing countries. Both deterministic and probabilistic human health risk assessments have their advantages and disadvantages and both types of methods should be comprehensively implemented in research on exposure and human health risk assessment. Equipment for appropriate pesticide application is important for application efficiency to minimize the loss of spray solution as well as reduce pesticide residuals in the environment and adverse human health effects due to over-spraying and residues. Policymakers should implement various useful measures, such as integrated pest management (IPM) laws that prohibit the use of pesticides with high risks and the development of a national implementation plan (NIP) to reduce the adverse effects of pesticides on the environment and on human health.
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Leibovich-Raveh T, Gish M. Does Insect Aversion Lead to Increased Household Pesticide Use? Insects 2022; 13:insects13060555. [PMID: 35735892 PMCID: PMC9224736 DOI: 10.3390/insects13060555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
In many human societies, domestic insect pests often evoke feelings of disgust, fear and aversion. These common feelings may translate to increased use of household pesticides. No study has ever explored this possibility and consequently, efforts to mitigate public exposure to domestic pesticides typically focus on addressing knowledge gaps. We tested the hypothesis that negative emotions toward insects may motivate people to use pesticides, by interviewing 70 participants and assessing their insect aversion levels using a computerized test. Contrary to our hypothesis, we found no effect of insect aversion on pesticide use. However, we did find that personal attributes and preferences such as wishing to avoid exposure to toxic chemicals, being vegetarian and taking frequent nature walks reduced pesticide use, in addition to low infestation levels and physical attributes of the housing unit. We emphasize the importance of conducting future studies in various societies, where insect aversion and other factors may have different effects on household pesticide use. Such studies may provide culture-specific insights that could foster the development of next-generation urban IPM (Integrated Pest Management) public education programs, which will address not only knowledge gaps, but also emotional aspects and personal attributes that lead to unnecessary or excessive use of household pesticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tali Leibovich-Raveh
- Department of Mathematics Education, Faculty of Education, University of Haifa, Haifa 3498838, Israel;
| | - Moshe Gish
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Management, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa 3498838, Israel
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +972-4-8288875
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27
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Tarazona JV, González-Caballero MDC, de Alba-Gonzalez M, Pedraza-Diaz S, Cañas A, Dominguez-Morueco N, Esteban-López M, Cattaneo I, Katsonouri A, Makris KC, Halldorsson TI, Olafsdottir K, Zock JP, Dias J, Decker AD, Morrens B, Berman T, Barnett-Itzhaki Z, Lindh C, Gilles L, Govarts E, Schoeters G, Weber T, Kolossa-Gehring M, Santonen T, Castaño A. Improving the Risk Assessment of Pesticides through the Integration of Human Biomonitoring and Food Monitoring Data: A Case Study for Chlorpyrifos. Toxics 2022; 10:toxics10060313. [PMID: 35736921 PMCID: PMC9228629 DOI: 10.3390/toxics10060313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The risk assessment of pesticide residues in food is a key priority in the area of food safety. Most jurisdictions have implemented pre-marketing authorization processes, which are supported by prospective risk assessments. These prospective assessments estimate the expected residue levels in food combining results from residue trials, resembling the pesticide use patterns, with food consumption patterns, according to internationally agreed procedures. In addition, jurisdictions such as the European Union (EU) have implemented large monitoring programs, measuring actual pesticide residue levels in food, and are supporting large-scale human biomonitoring programs for confirming the actual exposure levels and potential risk for consumers. The organophosphate insecticide chlorpyrifos offers an interesting case study, as in the last decade, its acceptable daily intake (ADI) has been reduced several times following risk assessments by the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA). This process has been linked to significant reductions in the use authorized in the EU, reducing consumers’ exposure progressively, until the final ban in 2020, accompanied by setting all EU maximum residue levels (MRL) in food at the default value of 0.01 mg/kg. We present a comparison of estimates of the consumer’s internal exposure to chlorpyrifos based on the urinary marker 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol (TCPy), using two sources of monitoring data: monitoring of the food chain from the EU program and biomonitoring of European citizens from the HB4EU project, supported by a literature search. Both methods confirmed a drastic reduction in exposure levels from 2016 onwards. The margin of exposure approach is then used for conducting retrospective risk assessments at different time points, considering the evolution of our understanding of chlorpyrifos toxicity, as well as of exposure levels in EU consumers following the regulatory decisions. Concerns are presented using a color code, and have been identified for almost all studies, particularly for the highest exposed group, but at different levels, reaching the maximum level, red code, for children in Cyprus and Israel. The assessment uncertainties are highlighted and integrated in the identification of levels of concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose V. Tarazona
- National Centre for Environmental Health, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28220 Madrid, Spain; (M.d.C.G.-C.); (M.d.A.-G.); (S.P.-D.); (A.C.); (N.D.-M.); (M.E.-L.)
- European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), I-43126 Parma, Italy;
- Correspondence: (J.V.T.); (A.C.)
| | - Maria del Carmen González-Caballero
- National Centre for Environmental Health, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28220 Madrid, Spain; (M.d.C.G.-C.); (M.d.A.-G.); (S.P.-D.); (A.C.); (N.D.-M.); (M.E.-L.)
| | - Mercedes de Alba-Gonzalez
- National Centre for Environmental Health, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28220 Madrid, Spain; (M.d.C.G.-C.); (M.d.A.-G.); (S.P.-D.); (A.C.); (N.D.-M.); (M.E.-L.)
| | - Susana Pedraza-Diaz
- National Centre for Environmental Health, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28220 Madrid, Spain; (M.d.C.G.-C.); (M.d.A.-G.); (S.P.-D.); (A.C.); (N.D.-M.); (M.E.-L.)
| | - Ana Cañas
- National Centre for Environmental Health, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28220 Madrid, Spain; (M.d.C.G.-C.); (M.d.A.-G.); (S.P.-D.); (A.C.); (N.D.-M.); (M.E.-L.)
| | - Noelia Dominguez-Morueco
- National Centre for Environmental Health, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28220 Madrid, Spain; (M.d.C.G.-C.); (M.d.A.-G.); (S.P.-D.); (A.C.); (N.D.-M.); (M.E.-L.)
| | - Marta Esteban-López
- National Centre for Environmental Health, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28220 Madrid, Spain; (M.d.C.G.-C.); (M.d.A.-G.); (S.P.-D.); (A.C.); (N.D.-M.); (M.E.-L.)
| | - Irene Cattaneo
- European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), I-43126 Parma, Italy;
| | | | - Konstantinos C. Makris
- Cyprus International Institute for Environmental and Public Health, Cyprus University of Technology, Limassol 3036, Cyprus;
| | - Thorhallur I. Halldorsson
- Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, 102 Reykjavik, Iceland;
- Department of Epidemiology Research, Statens Serum Institut, DK-2300 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kristin Olafsdottir
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Iceland, 107 Reykjavik, Iceland;
| | - Jan-Paul Zock
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, 3720 BA De Bilt, The Netherlands;
| | - Jonatan Dias
- Wageningen Food Safety Research (WFSR), 6700 AE Wageningen, The Netherlands;
| | | | - Bert Morrens
- Department of Sociology, University of Antwerp, 2020 Antwerpen, Belgium;
| | - Tamar Berman
- Ministry of Health, Jerusalem 9446724, Israel; (T.B.); (Z.B.-I.)
| | - Zohar Barnett-Itzhaki
- Ministry of Health, Jerusalem 9446724, Israel; (T.B.); (Z.B.-I.)
- Ruppin Research Group in Environmental and Social Sustainability, Ruppin Academic Center, Emek Hefer 4025000, Israel
| | - Christian Lindh
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, 22363 Lund, Sweden;
| | - Liese Gilles
- VITO Health, Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), 2400 Mol, Belgium; (L.G.); (E.G.); (G.S.)
| | - Eva Govarts
- VITO Health, Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), 2400 Mol, Belgium; (L.G.); (E.G.); (G.S.)
| | - Greet Schoeters
- VITO Health, Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), 2400 Mol, Belgium; (L.G.); (E.G.); (G.S.)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Till Weber
- German Environment Agency (UBA), 14195 Berlin, Germany; (T.W.); (M.K.-G.)
| | | | - Tiina Santonen
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, P.O. Box 40 Helsinki, Finland;
| | - Argelia Castaño
- National Centre for Environmental Health, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28220 Madrid, Spain; (M.d.C.G.-C.); (M.d.A.-G.); (S.P.-D.); (A.C.); (N.D.-M.); (M.E.-L.)
- Correspondence: (J.V.T.); (A.C.)
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Gattuso G, Falzone L, Costa C, Giambò F, Teodoro M, Vivarelli S, Libra M, Fenga C. Chronic Pesticide Exposure in Farm Workers Is Associated with the Epigenetic Modulation of hsa-miR-199a-5p. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022; 19:7018. [PMID: 35742265 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19127018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The increasing use of pesticides in intensive agriculture has had a negative impact on human health. It was widely demonstrated how pesticides can induce different genetic and epigenetic alterations associated with the development of different diseases, including tumors and neurological disorders. Therefore, the identification of effective indicators for the prediction of harmful pesticide exposure is mandatory. In this context, the aim of the study was to evaluate the modification of hsa-miR-199a-5p expression levels in liquid biopsy samples obtained from healthy donors and farm workers with chronic exposure to pesticides. For this purpose, the high-sensitive droplet digital PCR assay (ddPCR) was used to detect variation in the expression levels of the selected microRNA (miRNA). The ddPCR analyses revealed a significant down-regulation of hsa-miR-199a-5p observed in individuals exposed to pesticides compared to control samples highlighting the good predictive value of this miRNA as demonstrated by statistical analyses. Overall, the obtained results encourage the analysis of miRNAs as predictive biomarkers of chronic pesticide exposure thus improving the current strategies for the monitoring of harmful pesticide exposure.
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Dhansoia V, Majumdar V, Manjunath NK, Singh Gaharwar U, Singh D. Breathing-Focused Yoga Intervention on Respiratory Decline in Chronically Pesticide-Exposed Farmers: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:807612. [PMID: 35372380 PMCID: PMC8965718 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.807612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Occupational exposure to pesticides has been associated with lung and cognitive function exacerbations. In the present study, we tested the effectiveness of breathing focused yoga intervention on alleviation of adverse respiratory and cognitive effects associated with chronic pesticide exposure in farmers. Methods We undertook a parallel, two-armed randomized controlled trial with blinded outcome assessors on a chronically pesticide-exposed farming population. The study was conducted at district Panipat, State Haryana located in the Northern part of India from November 2019 to August 2020. A total of 634 farmers were screened, and 140 farmers were randomized to breathing-focused yoga intervention (BFY, n = 70) and waitlist control arms (n = 65). BFY was delivered weekly in 45-min group sessions over 12 weeks followed by home-based practice. The primary outcome was the change in spirometry-based markers of pulmonary function from baseline expressed as raw values, Global Lung Initiative (GLI) percent predicted (pp), and GLI z-scores after 24 weeks of intervention. Secondary variables were Trail making tests (TMT A and B), Digit symbol substitution (DSST), and WHO Quality of life-BREF (WHOQOL-Bref). Analysis was by intention-to-treat. Mediation analysis was done considering oxidative stress markers as potential mediators. Results At the end of 6 months of intervention, the overall follow-up in the participants was 87.85% (n = 123); 90% (n = 63) in the control group, and 85.71% in the yoga group (n = 60). The mean age of the study cohort (n = 140) was 38.75 (SD = 7.50) years. Compared with the control group, at 24 weeks post-intervention, the BFY group had significantly improved status of the raw sand z scores markers of airway obstruction, after adjusting for confounders, FEV1, FVC, FEF25-75 [z score-adjusted mean differences (95% CI); 1.66 (1.10-2.21) 1.88 (1.21-2.55), and 6.85 (5.12-8.57), respectively. A fraction of FEF25-75 change (mediation percentage 23.95%) was explained by glutathione augmentation. There were also significant improvements in cognitive scores of DSST, TMT-A and TMT-B, and WHOQOL-Bref. Conclusion In conclusion, regular practice of BFY could improve the exacerbations in the markers of airway obstruction in chronically pesticide-exposed farmers and cognitive variables. A significant mediating effect of glutathione augmentation was also observed concerning the effect of the intervention on FEF25-75. These findings provide an important piece of beneficial evidence of the breathing-based yoga intervention that needs validation across different farming ethnicities.Clinical Trial Registration:www.ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier: CTRI/2019/11/021989.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vipin Dhansoia
- Swami Vivekananda Yoga Anusandhana Samsthana, Bengaluru, India
| | - Vijaya Majumdar
- Swami Vivekananda Yoga Anusandhana Samsthana, Bengaluru, India
| | - N. K. Manjunath
- Swami Vivekananda Yoga Anusandhana Samsthana, Bengaluru, India
| | - Usha Singh Gaharwar
- School of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
- Swami Shraddhanand College, University of Delhi, Alipur, Delhi
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Hotchkiss MZ, Poulain AJ, Forrest JRK. Pesticide-induced disturbances of bee gut microbiotas. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2022; 46:6517452. [PMID: 35107129 DOI: 10.1093/femsre/fuab056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Social bee gut microbiotas play key roles in host health and performance. Worryingly, a growing body of literature shows that pesticide exposure can disturb these microbiotas. Most studies examine changes in taxonomic composition in Western honey bee (Apis mellifera) gut microbiotas caused by insecticide exposure. Core bee gut microbiota taxa shift in abundance after exposure but are rarely eliminated, with declines in Bifidobacteriales and Lactobacillus near melliventris abundance being the most common shifts. Pesticide concentration, exposure duration, season and concurrent stressors all influence whether and how bee gut microbiotas are disturbed. Also, the mechanism of disturbance-i.e. whether a pesticide directly affects microbial growth or indirectly affects the microbiota by altering host health-likely affects disturbance consistency. Despite growing interest in this topic, important questions remain unanswered. Specifically, metabolic shifts in bee gut microbiotas remain largely uninvestigated, as do effects of pesticide-disturbed gut microbiotas on bee host performance. Furthermore, few bee species have been studied other than A. mellifera, and few herbicides and fungicides have been examined. We call for these knowledge gaps to be addressed so that we may obtain a comprehensive picture of how pesticides alter bee gut microbiotas, and of the functional consequences of these changes.
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Afata TN, Mekonen S, Shekelifa M, Tucho GT. Prevalence of Pesticide Use and Occupational Exposure Among Small-Scale Farmers in Western Ethiopia. Environ Health Insights 2022; 16:11786302211072950. [PMID: 35095275 PMCID: PMC8793388 DOI: 10.1177/11786302211072950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aims to assess the prevalence of pesticide use and its occupational exposure among small-scale farmers in the Kellem Wellega Zone of western Ethiopia. METHODS A cross-sectional study design using a structured questionnaire was used to collect data from 249 small-scale farmers' households through face-to-face interviews. Statistical analysis such as descriptive statistics, Chi-square test, and binary logistic regression analysis was applied, and a P-value <.05 at 95% CI was considered statistically significant. RESULTS The prevalence of pesticide use was 87.15%. About 44.2%, 40.2%, and 43.8% of the study participants were classified as having poor knowledge, poor practice, and negative attitude toward pesticide use, respectively. Thus, small-scale farmers whose age was greater than 40 years were 7.87 times more likely to be exposed to skin irritation than those whose age was less than 20 years (AOR = 7.87; 95% CI: 1.75-35.45) and skin contact (AOR = 0.37; 95% CI: 0.15-0.91). Most farmers who were directly involved in agriculture were 2.22 times more likely to be exposed to the inhalation of pesticide chemicals than those involved in another activity (AOR = 2.22; 95% CI: 1.14-4.33). Based on educational level, small-scale farmers who have a primary school and above were 81% less likely to inhale pesticide chemicals than those who did not have formal education (AOR = 0.19; 95% CI: 0.09-0.41). Furthermore, low-income small-scale farmers were 2.62 times more likely to be exposed to coughing (AOR = 2.62; 95% CI: 1.25-5.51) than high-income participants. Furthermore, farmers with good knowledge were 1.79 times more likely to be exposed to skin irritation than those with poor knowledge (AOR = 1.79; 95% CI: 1.0-3.17). Farmers with poor practice were 1.85 times more likely to show coughing symptoms than those with good practice (AOR = 1.85; 95% CI: 1.08-3.2), and farmers with good practice were 48% less likely to be exposed to headache than those with poor practice (AOR = 0.52; 95% CI: 0.31-0.88). CONCLUSIONS This study shows that small-scale farmers were exposed to pesticides through coughing, headache, skin irritation, inhalation, and skin contact. Low level of knowledge, poor practice, job, low income, older age, and educational level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tariku Neme Afata
- Department of Environmental Health Science and Technology, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
- Dambi Dollo Teachers College, Oromia Region, Ethiopia
| | - Seblework Mekonen
- Department of Environmental Health Science and Technology, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
| | - Miftahe Shekelifa
- Department of Environmental Health Science and Technology, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
| | - Gudina Terefe Tucho
- Department of Environmental Health Science and Technology, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
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Majumdar A, Qureshi A. Thinking about infertility from a mixed-methods perspective: the need to look at toxicity in rural India. Sex Reprod Health Matters 2021; 29:1999565. [PMID: 34842497 PMCID: PMC8923018 DOI: 10.1080/26410397.2021.1999565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Anindita Majumdar
- Assistant Professor, Department of Liberal Arts, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi, India
| | - Asif Qureshi
- Associate Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi, India
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Kangkhetkron T, Juntarawijit C. Factors Influencing Practice of Pesticide Use and Acute Health Symptoms among Farmers in Nakhon Sawan, Thailand. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2021; 18:ijerph18168803. [PMID: 34444547 PMCID: PMC8394416 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18168803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Information on knowledge (K), attitude (A), and practice (P) in terms of pesticide use is essential for an effective exposure control program. The objectives of this study were to survey the level of knowledge, attitude, and practice in terms of pesticide use, and the prevalence of acute health symptoms (AHSs) among farmers in Nakhon Sawan Province, Thailand. The study also tried to identify factors affecting the practice of pesticide use. Data from 680 farmers were collected using a face-to-face interview questionnaire. The relationship between safety practices and related factors was analyzed using ordinal logistic regression. This study found about 40% of the farmers had a good level of practice. Factors affecting practice were education, work experience, level of knowledge, or attitudes. Many participants experienced acute health symptoms in the past 24 h, and these symptoms were significantly associated with poor practice (p < 0.05). Public health organizations should provide farmers with more information, especially on chronic effects of pesticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teera Kangkhetkron
- Department of Natural Resources and Environment, Faculty of Agriculture Natural Resources and Environment, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand;
- Nakhon Sawan Provincial Public Health Office, Ministry of Public Health, Nakhon Sawan 60000, Thailand
| | - Chudchawal Juntarawijit
- Department of Natural Resources and Environment, Faculty of Agriculture Natural Resources and Environment, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +66-089-637-6944
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Arcury TA, Chen H, Arnold TJ, Quandt SA, Anderson KA, Scott RP, Talton JW, Daniel SS. Pesticide exposure among Latinx child farmworkers in North Carolina. Am J Ind Med 2021; 64:602-619. [PMID: 34036619 DOI: 10.1002/ajim.23258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although pesticides have adverse effects on child health and development, little research has examined pesticide exposure among child farmworkers. This analysis addresses two specific aims: (1) describes pesticide exposure among Latinx child farmworkers in North Carolina, and (2) delineates factors associated with this pesticide exposure. METHODS In 2018 (n = 173) and 2019 (n = 156) Latinx child farmworkers completed interviews and wore silicone wristbands for a single day to measure pesticide exposure. Wristbands were analyzed for 70 pesticides. RESULTS Most Latinx child farmworkers were exposed to multiple pesticides; the most frequent were pyrethroids (69.9% in 2018, 67.9% in 2019), organochlorines (51.4% in 2018, 55.1% in 2019), and organophosphates (51.4% in 2018, 34.0% in 2019). Children were exposed to a mean of 2.15 pesticide classes in 2018 and 1.91 in 2019, and to a mean of 4.06 pesticides in 2018 and 3.34 in 2019. Younger children (≤15 years) had more detections than older children; children not currently engaged in farm work had more detections than children currently engaged in farm work. Migrant child farmworkers had more detections than nonmigrants. For specific pesticides with at least 20 detections, detections and concentrations were generally greater among children not currently engaged in farm work than children currently engaged. CONCLUSIONS Children who live in farmworker communities are exposed to a plethora of pesticides. Although further research is needed to document the extent of pesticide exposure and its health consequences, sufficient information is available to inform the policy needed to eliminate this pesticide exposure in agricultural communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas A. Arcury
- Department of Family and Community Medicine Wake Forest School of Medicine Winston‐Salem North Carolina USA
- Center for Worker Health Wake Forest School of Medicine Winston‐Salem North Carolina USA
| | - Haiying Chen
- Center for Worker Health Wake Forest School of Medicine Winston‐Salem North Carolina USA
- Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, Division of Public Health Sciences Wake Forest School of Medicine Winston‐Salem North Carolina USA
| | - Taylor J. Arnold
- Department of Family and Community Medicine Wake Forest School of Medicine Winston‐Salem North Carolina USA
| | - Sara A. Quandt
- Center for Worker Health Wake Forest School of Medicine Winston‐Salem North Carolina USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Division of Public Health Sciences Wake Forest School of Medicine Winston‐Salem North Carolina USA
| | - Kim A. Anderson
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology Oregon State University Corvallis Oregon USA
| | - Richard P. Scott
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology Oregon State University Corvallis Oregon USA
| | - Jennifer W. Talton
- Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, Division of Public Health Sciences Wake Forest School of Medicine Winston‐Salem North Carolina USA
| | - Stephanie S. Daniel
- Department of Family and Community Medicine Wake Forest School of Medicine Winston‐Salem North Carolina USA
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To estimate the maximum theoretical daily intake of pesticides potentially consumed, chronically, by the Brazilian population. METHOD By using data from the food consumption section of the 2008-2009 Household Budget Survey to characterize the population diet, a database was built to group the foods based on the NOVA classification. Considering the maximum residue limit values of each pesticide authorized in the country until 2016, the limits of all consumed foods were added and multiplied by the amount consumed, resulting in the maximum theoretical intake index, which was compared with the acceptable daily intake. RESULTS The results show that, of the 283 pesticides considered in the database, 71 (25%) compounds had estimates of zero intake, 144 compounds (50.8%) reached acceptable daily intake values and 68 compounds (24%) showed median intake that exceeded the acceptable daily value. The pesticide intake estimation according to the different regions of the country showed a variation in the amount of compounds that exceeded the acceptable daily intake (48 to 69 substances) due to the different consumption patterns. The categories of products that most exceeded the limits were the insecticides, herbicides and fungicides. CONCLUSION The application of this methodology is valid for the first step in risk assessment, but the resulting values may be different from the actual exposure since they do not include other factors, such as the combined use of pesticides or unauthorized products. The importance of developing research on specific national food consumption data in a systematic way is emphasized, which generates data and analyses that allow a detailed risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline Mary Gerage Marques
- Universidade de São PauloEscola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de QueirozPrograma de Pós-Graduação em ciência e tecnologia de alimentosPiracicabaSPBrasilUniversidade de São Paulo. Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz. Programa de Pós-Graduação em ciência e tecnologia de alimentos. Piracicaba, SP, Brasil
| | - Marina Vieira da Silva
- Universidade de São PauloEscola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de QueirozDepartamento de Agroindústria, Alimentos e NutriçãoPiracicabaSPBrasilUniversidade de São Paulo. Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz. Departamento de Agroindústria, Alimentos e Nutrição. Piracicaba, SP, Brasil
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Zhou X, Zhang M, Wang Y, Xia H, Zhu L, Li G, Rong L, Dong H, Chen R, Tang S, Yu M. Cholinesterase homozygous genotype as susceptible biomarker of hypertriglyceridaemia for pesticide-exposed agricultural workers. Biomarkers 2021; 26:335-342. [PMID: 33617373 DOI: 10.1080/1354750x.2021.1893815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Dyslipidemia is an emerging metabolic disorder among pesticide-exposed agricultural workers, and this study was aimed to explore biomarkers of hypertriglyceridaemia susceptibility. METHODS This cross-sectional study recruited 72 pesticide-exposed subjects and 78 non-exposed controls. Lipid profile, cholinesterase activity, and thyroid hormones were analysed with routine assays. Six loci, including rs11206244 and rs2235544 for deiodinase 1, rs12885300 and rs225014 for deiodinase 2, rs1803274 for butyrylcholinesterase, and rs3757869 for acetylcholinesterase were genotyped using an improved multiplex ligation detection reaction technique. RESULTS Pesticide-exposed subjects showed higher levels of triglyceride than controls (p = 0.009), although there were comparable cholinesterase activity and genotype frequencies of all six loci between pesticide-exposed subjects and controls. Pesticide-exposed subjects with homozygous genotype of cholinesterase had increased triglyceride levels than controls (p < 0.05). The percentage of hypertriglyceridaemia was 28.6% and 8.8% for pesticide-exposed subjects and controls with homozygous butyrylcholinesterase genotype (p = 0.007) and 20.8% and 14.3% with homozygous acetylcholinesterase genotype (p = 0.792), respectively. Multivariate logistic regression analyses found that odds ratio of hypertriglyceridaemia is 21.92 and 4.56 for pesticide-exposed subjects with homozygous genotype of butyrylcholinesterase (p = 0.001) and acetylcholinesterase (p = 0.036), respectively. CONCLUSIONS Cholinesterase homozygous genotype might be a potential susceptible biomarker in screening pesticide-exposed agricultural workers vulnerable to hypertriglyceridaemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingfan Zhou
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Occupational Safety and Health, Beijing Municipal Institute of Labour Protection, Beijing, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Department of Occupational Diseases, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuqian Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Occupational Safety and Health, Beijing Municipal Institute of Labour Protection, Beijing, China
| | - Hailing Xia
- Department of Occupational Diseases, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lijin Zhu
- Department of Occupational Diseases, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Guangyi Li
- Institute of Endemic and Chronic Disease Control and Prevention, Zibo centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Zibo, China
| | - Li Rong
- Clinical Medical Laboratory, Beijing Prevention and Treatment Hospital of Occupational Disease for Chemical Industry, Beijing, China
| | - Huahuang Dong
- Clinical Medical Laboratory, Beijing Prevention and Treatment Hospital of Occupational Disease for Chemical Industry, Beijing, China
| | - Rui Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Occupational Safety and Health, Beijing Municipal Institute of Labour Protection, Beijing, China
| | - Shichuan Tang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Occupational Safety and Health, Beijing Municipal Institute of Labour Protection, Beijing, China
| | - Min Yu
- Department of Occupational Diseases, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
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Parizi JLS, de Mello Odorizzi GAS, Sato GMRH, Patrão IB, Nai GA. Oral mucosa changes associated with chronic oral and inhalation exposure to 2,4-dichlorophenoxiacetic acid (2,4-D) in Wistar rats. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2020; 9:746-757. [PMID: 33447360 PMCID: PMC7786168 DOI: 10.1093/toxres/tfaa085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The respiratory tract and the oral mucosa are the first areas contaminated by pesticides. The herbicide dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) is a widely used pesticide across the world for both crops and gardens. The aim of this study was to evaluate oral mucosal damage after an experimental simulation of chronic oral and inhalational environmental exposure to 2,4-D formulation. Eighty male Wistar rats were exposed to three distinct concentrations of 2,4-D formulation (low-187.17 mg/m3; medium-313.31 mg/m3; and high-467.93 mg/m3). Oral exposure (through contaminated feed) or inhalation exposure lasted 6 months. Rat tongues were collected for cyto- and histopathology. There was a difference between exposure groups in the intensity of tissue congestion. Most rats exposed to 2,4-D presented mucosal inflammation at both cytology and histology (P < 0.05). Hyperkeratosis only occurred in rats exposed orally at the high concentration. There was an increase in the number of nucleoli-organizing regions in the dorsal epithelium as the 2,4-D concentration increased (P < 0.001). The inhalation route was more associated with increased mitosis figures and nucleoli-organizing region count (P < 0.05). Chronic oral and inhalation exposure to high concentrations of 2,4-D formulation caused an increase in the proliferation rate and thickness of the tongue epithelium and stimulated the inflammatory response in the tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Luiz Santos Parizi
- Department of Pathology, Universidade do Oeste Paulista (UNOESTE), Presidente Prudente, São Paulo 19050-680, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Animal Science, Universidade do Oeste Paulista (UNOESTE), Presidente Prudente, São Paulo 19050-680, Brazil
| | | | | | - Isabela Bocardi Patrão
- Dental College, Universidade do Oeste Paulista (UNOESTE), Presidente Prudente, São Paulo 19050-680, Brazil
| | - Gisele Alborghetti Nai
- Department of Pathology, Universidade do Oeste Paulista (UNOESTE), Presidente Prudente, São Paulo 19050-680, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Animal Science, Universidade do Oeste Paulista (UNOESTE), Presidente Prudente, São Paulo 19050-680, Brazil
- Dental College, Universidade do Oeste Paulista (UNOESTE), Presidente Prudente, São Paulo 19050-680, Brazil
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Seesen M, Lucchini RG, Siriruttanapruk S, Sapbamrer R, Hongsibsong S, Woskie S, Kongtip P. Association between Organophosphate Pesticide Exposure and Insulin Resistance in Pesticide Sprayers and Nonfarmworkers. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2020; 17:E8140. [PMID: 33158102 PMCID: PMC7662827 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17218140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Insulin resistance is a risk factor for various diseases. Chronic organophosphate exposure has been reported to be a cause of insulin resistance in animal models. This cross-sectional study aimed to evaluate the association between organophosphate exposure and insulin resistance in pesticide sprayers and nonfarmworkers. Participants aged 40-60 years, consisting of 150 pesticide sprayers and 150 nonfarmworkers, were interviewed and assessed for their homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) level. Organophosphate (OP) exposure was measured in 37 sprayers and 46 nonfarmworkers by first morning urinary dialkyl phosphate (DAP) metabolites. The DAP metabolite levels were not different in either group except for diethylthiophosphate (DETP; p = 0.03), which was higher in sprayers. No significant association was observed between DAP metabolite levels and HOMA-IR. Wearing a mask while handling pesticides was associated with lower dimethyl metabolites (95% CI = -11.10, -0.17). Work practices of reading pesticide labels (95% CI = -81.47, -14.99) and washing hands after mixing pesticide (95% CI = -39.97, -3.35) correlated with lower diethyl alkylphosphate level. Overall, we did not observe any association between OP exposure and insulin resistance in pesticide sprayers and the general population. However, personal protective equipment (PPE) utilization and work practice were associated with OP exposure level in sprayers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathuramat Seesen
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand;
| | - Roberto G. Lucchini
- School of Public Health, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA;
- Occupational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25121 Brescia, Italy
| | | | - Ratana Sapbamrer
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand;
| | - Surat Hongsibsong
- School of Health Science Research, Research Institute for Health Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand;
| | - Susan Woskie
- Department of Public Health, Zuckerberg College of Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA 01854, USA;
| | - Pornpimol Kongtip
- Department of Occupational Health and Safety, Faculty of Public Health, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand;
- Center of Excellence on Environmental Health and Toxicology, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
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Kaur K, Kaur R. Impact of single nucleotide polymorphisms in the OGG1 and XRCC1 genes on modulation of DNA damage in pesticide-exposed agricultural workers in Punjab, North-West India. Biomarkers 2020; 25:498-505. [PMID: 32643432 DOI: 10.1080/1354750x.2020.1794040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Pesticide-induced DNA damage is primarily repaired by base excision repair (BER) pathway. However, polymorphism in DNA repair genes may modulate individual's DNA repair capacity (DRC) leading to increased genotoxicity and adverse health effects. Our first study in North-West Indian population aimed to evaluate the impact of OGG1 rs1052133 (Ser326Cys; C1245G), XRCC1 rs1799782 (Arg194Trp; C26304T) and XRCC1 rs25487 (Arg399Gln; G28152A) polymorphisms on the modulation of pesticide-induced DNA damage in a total of 450 subjects (225 pesticide-exposed agricultural workers and 225 age- and sex-matched controls). DNA damage was estimated by alkaline comet assay using silver-staining method. Genotyping was carried out by PCR-RFLP using site-specific restriction enzymes. Mann-Whitney U-test revealed elevation in DNA damage parameters (p < 0.01) in pesticide-exposed agricultural workers than controls. Chi-square test showed significant (p < 0.05) differences in the XRCC1 Arg194Trp (C26304T) and Arg399Gln (G28152A) genotypes among two groups. Multivariate logistic-regression analysis revealed that heterozygous genotypes of OGG1 rs1052133 (326Ser/Cys; 1245CA), XRCC1 rs1799782 (194Arg/Trp; 26304CT) and XRCC1 rs25487 (399Arg/Gln; 2815GA) were positively associated (p < 0.05) with elevated DNA damage parameters in pesticide-exposed agricultural workers. Our results strongly indicate significant positive association of variant OGG1 and XRCC1 genotypes with reduced DRC and higher pesticide-induced DNA damage in North-West Indian agricultural workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karashdeep Kaur
- Department of Biotechnology, Sri Guru Granth Sahib World University, Punjab, India.,Department of Medical Lab Sciences, Gulzar Group of Institutes, Punjab, India
| | - Rupinder Kaur
- Department of Biotechnology, Sri Guru Granth Sahib World University, Punjab, India
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40
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Longing SD, Peterson EM, Jewett CT, Rendon BM, Discua SA, Wooten KJ, Subbiah S, Smith PN, McIntyre NE. Exposure of Foraging Bees (Hymenoptera) to Neonicotinoids in the U.S. Southern High Plains. Environ Entomol 2020; 49:528-535. [PMID: 32025712 DOI: 10.1093/ee/nvaa003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to pesticides is a major threat to insect pollinators, potentially leading to negative effects that could compromise pollination services and biodiversity. The objectives of this study were to quantify neonicotinoid concentrations among different bee genera and to examine differences attributable to body size and surrounding land use. During the period of cotton planting (May-June), 282 wild bees were collected from habitat patches associated with cropland, grassland, and urban land cover and analyzed for three neonicotinoids (thiamethoxam, clothianidin, and imidacloprid). Twenty bees among eight genera contained one or more of the neonicotinoid compounds and detections occurred in all landscape types, yet with the most detections occurring in cropland-associated habitats. Apis Linnaeus (Hymenoptera: Apidae), Melissodes Latreille (Apidae), Perdita Smith (Andrenidae), and Lasioglossum Curtis (Halictidae) had multiple individuals with neonicotinoid detections. Two of the largest bees (Apis and Melissodes) had the greatest number of detections within genera, yet the relatively small-bodied genus Perdita had the three highest neonicotinoid concentrations reported. The number of detections within a genus and average generic body mass showed a marginally significant trend towards larger bees having a greater frequency of neonicotinoid detections. Overall, the relatively low percentage of detections across taxa suggests practices aimed at conserving grassland remnants in intensified agricultural regions could assist in mitigating exposure of wild bees to agrochemicals, while differences in bee traits and resource use could in part drive exposure. Further work is needed to address variable agrochemical exposures among pollinators, to support strategies for conservation and habitat restoration in affected landscapes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott D Longing
- Department of Plant and Soil Science, Texas Tech University, 2911 15th Street, Lubbock, TX
| | - Eric M Peterson
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX
| | - Christopher T Jewett
- Department of Plant and Soil Science, Texas Tech University, 2911 15th Street, Lubbock, TX
| | - Bianca M Rendon
- Department of Plant and Soil Science, Texas Tech University, 2911 15th Street, Lubbock, TX
| | - Samuel A Discua
- Department of Plant and Soil Science, Texas Tech University, 2911 15th Street, Lubbock, TX
| | - Kimberly J Wooten
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX
| | - Seenivasan Subbiah
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX
| | - Philip N Smith
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX
| | - Nancy E McIntyre
- Department of Biological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX
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41
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Liu C, Liu Z, Zhang Z, Li Y, Fang R, Li F, Zhang J. A Scientometric Analysis and Visualization of Research on Parkinson's Disease Associated With Pesticide Exposure. Front Public Health 2020; 8:91. [PMID: 32318533 PMCID: PMC7154051 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2020.00091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The etiology and pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD) have not yet been clearly described. Both genetic and environmental factors contribute to the onset and progression of PD. Some pesticides have been demonstrated to be associated with PD by many previous studies and experiments, and an increasing number of researchers have paid attention to this area in recent years. This paper aims to explore the knowledge structure, analyze the current research hot spots, and discuss the research trend through screening and summarizing the present literature. Based on 1767 articles from the Web of Science Core Collection and PubMed database, this study carried out the analysis from the keywords, cited references, countries, authors, and some other aspects by using Citespace. The hot topics, valuable articles, and productive authors in this research field could be found after that. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to specifically visualize the relationship between pesticide exposure and PD, and forecast research tendency in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoyang Liu
- Research Center for Environment and Health, Zhongnan University of Economics and Law, Wuhan, China.,Department of Neurology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,School of Information and Safety Engineering, Zhongnan University of Economics and Law, Wuhan, China
| | - Zehua Liu
- Research Center for Environment and Health, Zhongnan University of Economics and Law, Wuhan, China.,School of Information and Safety Engineering, Zhongnan University of Economics and Law, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhentao Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yanan Li
- Research Center for Environment and Health, Zhongnan University of Economics and Law, Wuhan, China.,School of Information and Safety Engineering, Zhongnan University of Economics and Law, Wuhan, China
| | - Ruying Fang
- Research Center for Environment and Health, Zhongnan University of Economics and Law, Wuhan, China.,School of Information and Safety Engineering, Zhongnan University of Economics and Law, Wuhan, China
| | - Fei Li
- Research Center for Environment and Health, Zhongnan University of Economics and Law, Wuhan, China.,School of Information and Safety Engineering, Zhongnan University of Economics and Law, Wuhan, China
| | - Jingdong Zhang
- Research Center for Environment and Health, Zhongnan University of Economics and Law, Wuhan, China.,School of Information and Safety Engineering, Zhongnan University of Economics and Law, Wuhan, China
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Berg ZK, Rodriguez B, Davis J, Katz AR, Cooney RV, Masaki K. Association Between Occupational Exposure to Pesticides and Cardiovascular Disease Incidence: The Kuakini Honolulu Heart Program. J Am Heart Assoc 2019; 8:e012569. [PMID: 31550966 PMCID: PMC6806025 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.119.012569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Background Previously, Kuakini Honolulu Heart Program researchers reported that occupational exposure to pesticides was significantly associated with total mortality. The current study examines occupational exposure to pesticides in relation to incident cardiovascular disease, defined as coronary heart disease or cerebrovascular accident. Methods and Results With the Occupational Safety Health Administration exposure scale used as an estimate of exposure, statistical analyses were performed on a cohort of 7557 Japanese‐American men from the Kuakini Honolulu Heart Program. Hazard ratios for cardiovascular disease incidence were calculated for various levels of pesticide exposure using Cox proportional hazards models. In the first 10 years of follow‐up, a positive association was observed between age‐adjusted cardiovascular disease incidence and high levels of pesticide exposure (hazard ratio=1.46, 95% CI=1.10‐1.95, P=0.009). This relationship remained significant after adjustment for other cardiovascular disease risk factors (hazard ratio=1.42, 95% CI=1.05‐1.92, P=0.021). No significant association for coronary heart disease or cerebrovascular accident incidence with pesticide exposure was observed when examined separately, possibly due to a smaller number of events. Conclusions These findings suggest that occupational exposure to pesticides may play a role in the development of cardiovascular diseases. The results are novel, as the association between occupational exposure to pesticides and cardiovascular disease incidence has not been examined previously in this unique cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zara K Berg
- Department of Complementary and Integrative Medicine John A. Burns School of Medicine University of Hawaii at Manoa Honolulu HI
| | - Beatriz Rodriguez
- Department of Geriatric Medicine John A. Burns School of Medicine University of Hawaii at Manoa Honolulu HI
| | - James Davis
- Department of Complementary and Integrative Medicine John A. Burns School of Medicine University of Hawaii at Manoa Honolulu HI
| | - Alan R Katz
- Office of Public Health Studies University of Hawaii at Manoa Honolulu HI
| | - Robert V Cooney
- Office of Public Health Studies University of Hawaii at Manoa Honolulu HI
| | - Kamal Masaki
- Department of Geriatric Medicine John A. Burns School of Medicine University of Hawaii at Manoa Honolulu HI
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M Khan K, Karnati J, Hamid I, Koceja D, Zahirul Islam M, Khan MA. Residential Proximity to Agricultural Fields and Neurological and Mental Health Outcomes in Rural Adults in Matlab, Bangladesh. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2019; 16:E3228. [PMID: 31487774 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16183228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Revised: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Pesticide exposure is an important rural public health concern that is linked to a spectrum of health outcomes in farmers. However, little is known about these effects on residents living in close proximity to agricultural fields and who are not involved in regular farming. This paper compared the effects of residential proximity to farming lands on a number of neurological and mental health outcomes in adults. A cross-sectional study was performed on 57 adults involved in farming only occasionally in rural Matlab in Bangladesh. A health and demographic surveillance system (HDSS) and geocoding were used to define proximity to the agricultural field. Neurological health was measured using the trail making test, vibrotactile threshold measurement, and dominant ulnar nerve conduction velocity (NCV) amplitude. An adapted Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression scale (CES-D) questionnaire was used to evaluate mental health. Results indicated that respondents living near agricultural fields had significantly higher vibrotactile threshold in big toes (p < 0.004) and needed a longer time to complete the trail making test (p < 0.004) than those living far from fields after accounting for the covariates. Results of this pilot study suggest further investigations to establish the impact of pesticide exposure among occasional and non-farmers on neurological health outcomes.
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Guytingco A, Thepaksorn P, Neitzel RL. Prevalence of Abnormal Serum Cholinesterase and Associated Symptoms from Pesticide Exposure among Agricultural Workers in the South of Thailand. J Agromedicine 2019; 23:270-278. [PMID: 30047860 DOI: 10.1080/1059924x.2018.1470049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine prevalence of abnormal serum acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and behavioral risks associated behaviors from pesticide exposure. METHODS Cross-sectional data were collected from agriculture workers in Trang Province, Thailand in 2013-2014. Agricultural workers in Trang Province filled out questionnaires provided by the Ministry of Public Health and gave blood samples. Risk scores were calculated based on questionnaire responses and a reactive-paper finger-blood test was used to evaluate AChE levels. RESULTS A total of 6,222 agricultural workers filled out questionnaires and 3,431 workers gave blood samples. The prevalence of abnormal AChE results was 12.5%. Females had a higher prevalence of abnormal serum AChE levels (15.2%) than males (10.2%). The most common self-reported symptoms were coughing (5.7%), being tired (5.4%), dizziness (5.1%), and dry skin and irritation (4.8%). However, those with abnormal serum AChE levels were most likely to report dizziness (12.4%) as their main symptom. Male agricultural workers had significantly higher risk than female farmers after adjusting for sex and risk level (OR = 1.56, P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Abnormal serum AChE levels associated with pesticide exposure are associated with AChE levels and symptoms such as coughing, being tired, dizziness, and dry skin and irritation. Educating farmers about the effects of pesticide use and encouraging better personal protective equipment practices could also assist in reducing pesticide exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Guytingco
- a Department of Environmental Health Sciences , School of Public Health, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor , MI , USA
| | - Phayong Thepaksorn
- b Trang Research Center for Occupational Health , Sirindhorn College of Public Health , Trang , Thailand
| | - Richard L Neitzel
- a Department of Environmental Health Sciences , School of Public Health, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor , MI , USA
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Abstract
Greenhouses are enclosed structures which have various characteristics that enhance crop productivity, but the implications for workers' pesticide exposure and uptake are not well understood. A narrative literature review was conducted to explore the mechanism/s of interactions between greenhouse characteristics and occupational pesticide exposure. Using a "work", "worker" and "workplace" conceptual framework, the greenhouse environment (hot and humid microclimate, limited space and dense crop arrangements) combines with work characteristics (high work and pesticide use intensity, multi-tasking, predominantly manual spraying techniques and quick reentry to treated farms) to potentially increase occupational pesticide exposure, compared with open field farming. Greenhouse environments, are variable but have been shown to influence pesticide availability, route, pathways and frequency of exposure, deposition and distribution on a worker's body as well as use and performance of exposure control methods. Training programs can emphasize the differences in exposure potential between greenhouse and open field farming. Development of tailored guidelines for exposure control strategies to better suit the level of uniqueness of greenhouse agriculture seems warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonatal Mesfin Tefera
- Adelaide Exposure Science and Health, School of Public Health, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
- Department of Environmental Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia
| | - Leigh Thredgold
- Adelaide Exposure Science and Health, School of Public Health, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Dino Pisaniello
- Adelaide Exposure Science and Health, School of Public Health, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Sharyn Gaskin
- Adelaide Exposure Science and Health, School of Public Health, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
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46
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López-Gálvez N, Wagoner R, Quirós-Alcalá L, Ornelas Van Horne Y, Furlong M, Avila E, Beamer P. Systematic Literature Review of the Take-Home Route of Pesticide Exposure via Biomonitoring and Environmental Monitoring. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2019; 16:ijerph16122177. [PMID: 31248217 PMCID: PMC6617019 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16122177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Revised: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposure to pesticides via take-home can be an important pathway for farmworkers' families. OBJECTIVE The aim of this review was to summarize and analyze the literature published during the last decade of exposure to pesticides via take-home pathway in farmworkers' families. METHODS We conducted a systematic review to identify peer-reviewed articles of interest; only articles related to take-home pathway that included some sort of pesticide monitoring were considered for inclusion. Systematic reviews, literature reviews, and meta-analyses were excluded, resulting in a total of 39 articles elected for analysis. The articles were summarized based on the location of the study, population (sample size), pesticide analyzed, and type of sample. RESULTS The majority of the reviewed studies were conducted in the U.S., but there seems to be an increase in literature on pesticide take-home pathway in developing countries. Most of the articles provided evidence that farmworkers' families are exposed to pesticides at higher levels than non-farmworkers' families. The levels may depend on several factors such as seasonality, parental occupation, cohabitation with a farmworker, behavior at work/home, age, and gender. Community-based interventions disrupting the take-home pathway seem to be effective at reducing pesticide exposure. DISCUSSION/CONCLUSION The take-home pathway is an important contributor to overall residential exposures, but other pathways such as pesticide drift, indoor-residential applications, and dietary intake need to be considered. A more comprehensive exposure assessment approach is necessary to better understand exposures to pesticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas López-Gálvez
- Department of Community, Environment & Policy, Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA.
| | - Rietta Wagoner
- Department of Community, Environment & Policy, Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA.
| | - Lesliam Quirós-Alcalá
- Department of Environmental Health & Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
- Maryland Institute of Applied Environmental Health, University of Maryland, MD 20740, USA.
| | - Yoshira Ornelas Van Horne
- Department of Community, Environment & Policy, Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA.
| | - Melissa Furlong
- Department of Community, Environment & Policy, Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA.
| | - El'gin Avila
- Department of Community, Environment & Policy, Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA.
| | - Paloma Beamer
- Department of Community, Environment & Policy, Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA.
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Zeigelboim BS, Malisky JS, Rosa MRD, Lacerda ABMD, Alcaraz PDS, Fonseca VR. The Importance of Otoneurological Evaluation in Brazilian Workers Exposed to Pesticides: A Preliminary Study. Int Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2019; 23:e389-e395. [PMID: 31649757 PMCID: PMC6805213 DOI: 10.1055/s-0039-1684009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction
Agrochemicals, also known as pesticides, are widely used in agriculture and in public health. They are organic and inorganic chemical substances with a high level of toxicity not only for the environment, but also for human health.
Objective
To verify findings on labyrinthine assessment in endemic disease control agents, and to recommend the inclusion of the vestibular exam in the set of tests for pesticide-exposed populations.
Methods
Descriptive, prospective, cross-sectional study with a sample comprising 15 endemic disease control agents, males, mean age of 51.6 years old (standard deviation [SD] = 5.9). All of the participants were submitted to anamnesis, otorhinolaryngological screening, and vestibular assessment.
Results
Regarding the most reported complaints, dizziness (73.4%), headache (60%), and tingling in the extremities (53.4%) were observed. The findings of the vestibular exams were normal in 53.3%, while 46.7% showed peripheral vestibular disorder, of which 26.7% were of deficitary type, and 20% of the irritative type.
Conclusions:
Alteration in the vestibular system was verified in 50% of the workers, with a greater prevalence in the caloric testing. Several disorders related to pesticides intoxication are scientifically known. Actions promoting knowledge and qualification of this population for the proper handling of chemicals are suggested, in addition to the elaboration and inclusion of protocols of vestibular assessment in hearing health programs for the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of vestibular disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca Simone Zeigelboim
- Department of Otoneurology, Universidade Tuiuti do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil.,Post-Graduate Program in Communication Disorders, Universidade Tuiuti do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | | | | | - Adriana Bender Moreira de Lacerda
- Department of Otoneurology, Universidade Tuiuti do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil.,Post-Graduate Program in Communication Disorders, Universidade Tuiuti do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Patrícia de Souza Alcaraz
- Post-Graduate Program in Communication Disorders, Universidade Tuiuti do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil.,Department of Audiology, Universidade do Oeste Paulista, Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil
| | - Vinicius Ribas Fonseca
- Department of Otoneurology, Universidade Tuiuti do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil.,Post-Graduate Program in Communication Disorders, Universidade Tuiuti do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil.,Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Hospital da Cruz Vermelha Brasileira, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
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Gradish AE, van der Steen J, Scott-Dupree CD, Cutler GC, Goulson D, Klein O, Lehmann DM, Lückmann J, O’Neill B, Raine NE, Sharma B, Thompson H. Comparison of Pesticide Exposure in Honey Bees (Hymenoptera: Apidae) and Bumble Bees (Hymenoptera: Apidae): Implications for Risk Assessments. Environ Entomol 2019; 48:12-21. [PMID: 30508078 PMCID: PMC8215506 DOI: 10.1093/ee/nvy168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
To date, regulatory pesticide risk assessments have relied on the honey bee (Apis mellifera L.) (Hymenoptera: Apidae) as a surrogate test species for estimating the risk of pesticide exposure to all bee species. However, honey bees and non-Apis bees may differ in their susceptibility and exposure to pesticides. In 2017, a workshop ('Pesticide Exposure Assessment Paradigm for Non-Apis Bees') was held to assess if honey bee risk assessment frameworks are reflective of non-Apis bee pesticide exposure. In this article, we summarize the workshop discussions on bumble bees (Bombus spp.). We review the life history and foraging behavior of bumble bees and honey bees and discuss how these traits may influence routes and levels of exposure for both taxa. Overall, the major pesticide exposure routes for bumble bees and honey bees are similar; however, bumble bees face additional exposure routes (direct exposure of foraging queens and exposure of larvae and adults to soil residues). Furthermore, bumble bees may receive comparatively higher pesticide doses via contact or oral exposure. We conclude that honey bee pesticide risk assessments may not always be protective of bumble bees, especially queens, in terms of exposure. Data needed to reliably quantify pesticide exposure for bumble bees (e.g., food consumption rates, soil residue levels) are lacking. Addressing these knowledge gaps will be crucial before bumble bee exposure can be incorporated into the pesticide risk assessment process. Because bumble bees exhibit appreciable interspecific variation in colony and behavioral characteristics, data relevant to pesticide exposure should be generated for multiple species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela E. Gradish
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Jozef van der Steen
- Wageningen University & Research, Netherlands
- Alveus AB Consultancy, Oisterwijk, Netherlands
| | | | | | - Dave Goulson
- School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, BN1 9QG, UK
| | - Olaf Klein
- Eurofins Agroscience Services Ecotox GmbH, 75223 Niefern-Oeschelbronn, Germany
| | - David M. Lehmann
- Cardiopulmonary and Immunotoxicology Branch, Environmental Public Health Division, National Health, and Environmental Effects Laboratory (NHEERL), US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | | | - Bridget O’Neill
- Corteva Agrisciences, 9330 Zionsville Road, 306/B2-2247, Indianapolis, IN 46268, USA
| | - Nigel E. Raine
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Bibek Sharma
- Global Regulatory Sciences, FMC Corporation, 701/801 Princeton South Corp Ctr, Ewing, NJ 08886, USA
| | - Helen Thompson
- Syngenta, Jealott’s Hill International Research Station, Bracknell, Berkshire RG42 6EY, UK
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Abstract
Background: Agriculture being the predominant occupation in India with rampant usage of pesticides to meet its enormous population needs. This pesticide abuse is taking a toll on the health of the persons involved in this work. Objectives: To evaluate pesticide exposure by assessing serum cholinesterase levels, and comparing them with the serum lipid profile levels which assumes the cardiovascular risk status. Study Design: It is a cross-sectional comparative study involving around 283 agricultural farm workers in Rajamahendravaram, Andhra Pradesh. The study period was for about 3 months during pesticide spraying season. Materials and Methods: All the blood samples were collected and analysed for biochemical parameters like plasma glucose, blood urea, serum creatinine, and lipid profile and serum cholinesterase levels using XL 640 fully automated random access analyser. Statistical Analysis Used: Results were analysed using SPSS software version 20. Results: The study group was classified into two groups based on serum cholinesterase levels. It was observed that there were significant alterations in lipid profile levels in the study group with decreased cholinesterase levels when compared to those of normal cholinesterase levels. There was significant negative correlation between cholinesterase levels and non-HDL cholesterol and total cholesterol/HDL ratio. Conclusion: This study implicates that the pesticides have an adverse health effect with regard to cardiovascular risk status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Usha Kiran Pothu
- Department of Biochemistry, GSL Medical College and General Hospital, Rajahmundry, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Anil Kumar Thammisetty
- Department of Biochemistry, GSL Medical College and General Hospital, Rajahmundry, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Lakshmana Kumar Nelakuditi
- Department of Biochemistry, GSL Medical College and General Hospital, Rajahmundry, Andhra Pradesh, India
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50
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Caballero M, Amiri S, Denney JT, Monsivais P, Hystad P, Amram O. Estimated Residential Exposure to Agricultural Chemicals and Premature Mortality by Parkinson's Disease in Washington State. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2018; 15:E2885. [PMID: 30558363 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15122885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Revised: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between estimated residential exposure to agricultural chemical application and premature mortality from Parkinson’s disease (PD) in Washington State. Washington State mortality records for 2011–2015 were geocoded using residential addresses, and classified as having exposure to agricultural land-use within 1000 meters. Generalized linear models were used to explore the association between land-use associated with agricultural chemical application and premature mortality from PD. Individuals exposed to land-use associated with glyphosate had 33% higher odds of premature mortality than those that were not exposed (Odds Ratio (OR) = 1.33, 95% Confidence Intervals (CI) = 1.06–1.67). Exposure to cropland associated with all pesticide application (OR = 1.19, 95% CI = 0.98–1.44) or Paraquat application (OR = 1.22, 95% CI = 0.99–1.51) was not significantly associated with premature mortality from PD, but the effect size was in the hypothesized direction. No significant associations were observed between exposure to Atrazine (OR = 1.21, 95% CI = 0.84–1.74) or Diazinon (OR = 1.07, 95% CI = 0.85–1.34), and premature mortality from PD. The relationship between pesticide exposure and premature mortality aligns with previous biological, toxicological, and epidemiological findings. Glyphosate, the world’s most heavily applied herbicide, and an active ingredient in Roundup® and Paraquat, a toxic herbicide, has shown to be associated with the odds of premature mortality from PD.
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