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Walsh M, Martindale R. A review of perioperative immune-modulating and metabolic-modulating nutrition strategies for bowel resection surgery. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 2024. [PMID: 38689534 DOI: 10.1002/jpen.2634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Focused perioperative nutrition strategies have proven benefits on the outcomes for patients undergoing major abdominal surgery. In this brief article, we will review these strategies and the evidence to support them with a focus on gastrointestinal anastomotic healing. We will elaborate the risks and benefits of enteral feeds, immune- and metabolic-modulating formulas, prebiotics and probiotics, and prehabilitation in preparation for surgery. Additionally, we will discuss the role of fish oils (eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid) in the surgical patient and new data on specialized proresolving mediators in inflammation resolution. Finally, this article will consider the harmful impact surgical trauma has on the microbiome and the potential for perioperative dietary modulation to attenuate these negative effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maura Walsh
- Department of Surgery, Oregon Health Sciences University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Robert Martindale
- Department of Surgery, Oregon Health Sciences University, Portland, Oregon, USA
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2
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Briottet M, Sy K, London C, Aissat A, Shum M, Escabasse V, Louis B, Urbach V. Specialized proresolving mediator resolvin E1 corrects the altered cystic fibrosis nasal epithelium cilia beating dynamics. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2313089121. [PMID: 38252817 PMCID: PMC10835060 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2313089121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
In cystic fibrosis (CF), impaired mucociliary clearance leads to chronic infection and inflammation. However, cilia beating features in a CF altered environment, consisting of dehydrated airway surface liquid layer and abnormal mucus, have not been fully characterized. Furthermore, acute inflammation is normally followed by an active resolution phase requiring specialized proresolving lipid mediators (SPMs) and allowing return to homeostasis. However, altered SPMs biosynthesis has been reported in CF. Here, we explored cilia beating dynamics in CF airways primary cultures and its response to the SPMs, resolvin E1 (RvE1) and lipoxin B4 (LXB4). Human nasal epithelial cells (hNECs) from CF and non-CF donors were grown at air-liquid interface. The ciliary beat frequency, synchronization, orientation, and density were analyzed from high-speed video microscopy using a multiscale Differential Dynamic Microscopy algorithm and an in-house developed method. Mucins and ASL layer height were studied by qRT-PCR and confocal microscopy. Principal component analysis showed that CF and non-CF hNEC had distinct cilia beating phenotypes, which was mostly explained by differences in cilia beat organization rather than frequency. Exposure to RvE1 (10 nM) and to LXB4 (10 nM) restored a non-CF-like cilia beating phenotype. Furthermore, RvE1 increased the airway surface liquid (ASL) layer height and reduced the mucin MUC5AC thickness. The calcium-activated chloride channel, TMEM16A, was involved in the RvE1 effect on cilia beating, hydration, and mucus. Altogether, our results provide evidence for defective cilia beating in CF airway epithelium and a role of RvE1 and LXB4 to restore the main epithelial functions involved in the mucociliary clearance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maëlle Briottet
- INSERM U955, Créteil94000, France
- Université Paris Est, Faculté de médecine, Créteil94000, France
| | - Khadeeja Sy
- INSERM U955, Créteil94000, France
- Université Paris Est, Faculté de médecine, Créteil94000, France
| | - Charlie London
- INSERM U955, Créteil94000, France
- Université Paris Est, Faculté de médecine, Créteil94000, France
| | - Abdel Aissat
- INSERM U955, Créteil94000, France
- Université Paris Est, Faculté de médecine, Créteil94000, France
| | - Mickael Shum
- INSERM U955, Créteil94000, France
- Université Paris Est, Faculté de médecine, Créteil94000, France
- Centre Hospitalier Intercommunal de Créteil, Créteil94000, France
| | - Virginie Escabasse
- INSERM U955, Créteil94000, France
- Université Paris Est, Faculté de médecine, Créteil94000, France
- Centre Hospitalier Intercommunal de Créteil, Créteil94000, France
| | - Bruno Louis
- INSERM U955, Créteil94000, France
- Université Paris Est, Faculté de médecine, Créteil94000, France
| | - Valérie Urbach
- INSERM U955, Créteil94000, France
- Université Paris Est, Faculté de médecine, Créteil94000, France
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3
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Brüggemann TR, Peh HY, Tavares LP, Nijmeh J, Shay AE, Rezende RM, Lanser TB, Serhan CN, Levy BD. Eosinophil Phenotypes Are Functionally Regulated by Resolvin D2 during Allergic Lung Inflammation. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2023; 69:666-677. [PMID: 37552821 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2023-0121oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Eosinophils (Eos) reside in multiple organs during homeostasis and respond rapidly to an inflammatory challenge. Although Eos share chemical staining properties, they also demonstrate phenotypic and functional plasticity that is not fully understood. Here, we used a murine model of allergic lung inflammation to characterize Eos subsets and determine their spatiotemporal and functional regulation during inflammation and its resolution in response to resolvin D2 (RvD2), a potent specialized proresolving mediator. Two Eos subsets were identified by CD101 expression with distinct anatomic localization and transcriptional signatures at baseline and during inflammation. CD101low Eos were predominantly located in a lung vascular niche and responded to allergen challenge by moving into the lung interstitium. CD101high Eos were predominantly located in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) and extravascular lung, only present during inflammation, and had transcriptional evidence for cell activation. RvD2 reduced total Eos numbers and changed their phenotype and activation by at least two distinct mechanisms: decreasing interleukin 5-dependent recruitment of CD101low Eos and decreasing conversion of CD101low Eos to CD101high Eos. Collectively, these findings indicate that Eos are a heterogeneous pool of cells with distinct activation states and spatiotemporal regulation during resolution of inflammation and that RvD2 is a potent proresolving mediator for Eos recruitment and activation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hong Yong Peh
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine
| | - Luciana P Tavares
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine
| | - Julie Nijmeh
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine
| | - Ashley E Shay
- Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, and
| | - Rafael M Rezende
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Toby B Lanser
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Charles N Serhan
- Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, and
| | - Bruce D Levy
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine
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Li W, Shepherd HM, Terada Y, Shay AE, Bery AI, Gelman AE, Lavine KJ, Serhan CN, Kreisel D. Resolvin D1 prevents injurious neutrophil swarming in transplanted lungs. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2302938120. [PMID: 37487095 PMCID: PMC10400944 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2302938120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils are the primary cell type involved in lung ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI), which remains a frequent and morbid complication after organ transplantation. Endogenous lipid mediators that become activated during acute inflammation-resolution have gained increasing recognition for their protective role(s) in promoting the restoration of homeostasis, but their influence on early immune responses following transplantation remains to be uncovered. Resolvin D1, 7S,8R,17S-trihydroxy-4Z,9E,11E,13Z,15E,19Z-docosahexaenoic acid (RvD1), is a potent stereoselective mediator that exhibits proresolving and anti-inflammatory actions in the setting of tissue injury. Here, using metabololipidomics, we demonstrate that endogenous proresolving mediators including RvD1 are increased in human and murine lung grafts immediately following transplantation. In mouse grafts, we observe lipid mediator class switching early after reperfusion. We use intravital two-photon microscopy to reveal that RvD1 treatment significantly limits early neutrophil infiltration and swarming, thereby ameliorating early graft dysfunction in transplanted syngeneic lungs subjected to severe IRI. Through integrated analysis of single-cell RNA sequencing data of donor and recipient immune cells from lung grafts, we identify transcriptomic changes induced by RvD1. These results support a role for RvD1 as a potent modality for preventing early neutrophil-mediated tissue damage after lung IRI that may be therapeutic in the clinics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjun Li
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO63110
| | - Hailey M. Shepherd
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO63110
| | - Yuriko Terada
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO63110
| | - Ashley E. Shay
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative, and Pain Medicine, Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA02115
| | - Amit I. Bery
- Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO63110
| | - Andrew E. Gelman
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO63110
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO63110
| | - Kory J. Lavine
- Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO63110
| | - Charles N. Serhan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative, and Pain Medicine, Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA02115
| | - Daniel Kreisel
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO63110
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO63110
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5
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Martindale RG. Novel nutrition strategies to enhance recovery after surgery. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 2023; 47:476-481. [PMID: 36938940 DOI: 10.1002/jpen.2485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/21/2023]
Abstract
Surgery and traumatic injury set off a cascade of metabolic changes that are becoming better understood. Recently, strategies and protocols have been developed for optimizing outcomes, and this has yielded beneficial results. This brief review evaluates three specific nutrition or metabolic interventions in the postoperative setting that attempt to optimize outcomes. We limited this to three subspecialty areas including oncologic surgery, orthopedic surgery, and cardiac surgery. These agents included fish oils, factors to prevent dysbiosis, and resistance exercise and its role in enhancing protein update. Where these novel agents fit into the basic tenets of postoperative nutrition interventions does not change the narrative: deliver graduated early enteral feeding to attenuate the metabolic response to surgical stress, maintain the gastrointestinal mucosal barrier, use immune/metabolic modulation to enhance immune response while attenuating excessive inflammation, and support the microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert G Martindale
- Department of Surgery, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
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Shaikh SR, MacIver NJ, Beck MA. Obesity Dysregulates the Immune Response to Influenza Infection and Vaccination Through Metabolic and Inflammatory Mechanisms. Annu Rev Nutr 2022; 42:67-89. [PMID: 35995048 PMCID: PMC10880552 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-nutr-062320-115937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic demonstrates that obesity alone, independent of comorbidities, is a significant risk factor for severe outcomes from infection. This susceptibility mirrors a similar pattern with influenza infection; that is, obesity is a unique risk factor for increased morbidity and mortality. Therefore, it is critical to understand how obesity contributes to a reduced ability to respond to respiratory viral infections. Herein, we discuss human and animal studies with influenza infection and vaccination that show obesity impairs immunity. We cover several key mechanisms for the dysfunction. These mechanisms include systemic and cellular level changes that dysregulate immune cell metabolism and function in addition to how obesity promotes deficiencies in metabolites that control the resolution of inflammation and infection. Finally, we discuss major gaps in knowledge, particularly as they pertain to diet and mechanisms, which will drive future efforts to improve outcomes in response to respiratory viral infections in an increasingly obese population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saame Raza Shaikh
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health and School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA; , ,
| | - Nancie J MacIver
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health and School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA; , ,
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Melinda A Beck
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health and School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA; , ,
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Halade GV, Kain V, De La Rosa X, Lindsey ML. Metabolic transformation of fat in obesity determines the inflammation resolving capacity of splenocardiac and cardiorenal networks in heart failure. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2022; 322:H953-H970. [PMID: 35333119 PMCID: PMC9054267 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00684.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
All fats are not created equal, and despite the extensive literature, the effect of fat intake is the most debated question in obesity, cardiovascular, and cardiorenal research. Cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying cardiac dysfunction and consequent heart failure in the setting of obesity are not well understood. Our understanding of how fats are metabolically transformed after nonreperfused myocardial infarction (MI), in particular, is incomplete. Here, using male C57BL/6J mice (2 mo old), we determined the role of omega-6 fatty acids, provided as safflower oil (SO) for 12 wk, followed by supplementation with docosahexaenoic acid (DHA; n-3 fatty acids) for 8 wk before MI. With SO feeding, inflammation resolution was impaired. Specialized proresolving mediators (SPMs) increased in DHA-fed mice to reverse the effects of SO, whereas prostaglandins and thromboxane B2 were reduced in the spleen and amplified multiple resolving mechanisms in heart and kidney post-MI. DHA amplified the number of resolving macrophages and cardiac reparative pathways of the splenocardiac and cardiorenal networks in acute heart failure, with higher Treg cells in chronic heart failure and marked expression of Foxp3+ in the myocardium. Our findings indicate that surplus ingestion of SO intensified systemic, baseline, nonresolving inflammation, and DHA intake dominates splenocardiac resolving phase with the biosynthesis of SPMs and controlled cardiorenal inflammation in heart failure survivor mice.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Chronic and surplus dietary intake of safflower oil (SO) increased plasma creatinine dysregulated post-MI splenocardiac inflammation coincides with the dysfunctional cardiorenal network. In contrast, docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) increases post-MI survival in chronic heart failure. DHA transforms into specialized proresolving mediators (SPMs) and limited proinflammatory prostaglandins and thromboxanes following myocardial infarction (MI). DHA promotes Ly6Clow resolving macrophages and T regulatory cells (Foxp3+) in a splenocardiac manner post-MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ganesh V Halade
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Department of Medicine, The University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida
| | - Vasundhara Kain
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Department of Medicine, The University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida
| | - Xavier De La Rosa
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Merry L Lindsey
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Center for Heart and Vascular Research, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
- Research Service, Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, Nebraska
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8
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Salazar J, Pirela D, Nava M, Castro A, Angarita L, Parra H, Durán-Agüero S, Rojas-Gómez DM, Galbán N, Añez R, Chacín M, Diaz A, Villasmil N, De Sanctis JB, Bermúdez V. Specialized Proresolving Lipid Mediators: A Potential Therapeutic Target for Atherosclerosis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:3133. [PMID: 35328553 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23063133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a global public health issue due to its high morbidity, mortality, and economic impact. The implementation of innovative therapeutic alternatives for CVD is urgently required. Specialized proresolving lipid mediators (SPMs) are bioactive compounds derived from ω-3 and ω-6 fatty acids, integrated into four families: Lipoxins, Resolvins, Protectins, and Maresins. SPMs have generated interest in recent years due to their ability to promote the resolution of inflammation associated with the pathogeneses of numerous illnesses, particularly CVD. Several preclinical studies in animal models have evidenced their ability to decrease the progression of atherosclerosis, intimal hyperplasia, and reperfusion injury via diverse mechanisms. Large-scale clinical trials are required to determine the effects of SPMs in humans. This review integrates the currently available knowledge of the therapeutic impact of SPMs in CVD from preclinical and clinical studies, along with the implicated molecular pathways. In vitro results have been promising, and as such, SPMs could soon represent a new therapeutic alternative for CVD.
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9
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Heinrich L, Booijink R, Khurana A, Weiskirchen R, Bansal R. Lipoxygenases in chronic liver diseases: current insights and future perspectives. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2021; 43:188-205. [PMID: 34961619 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2021.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Chronic liver diseases (CLDs) caused by viral infections, alcohol/drug abuse, or metabolic disorders affect millions of people globally and have increased mortality owing to the lack of approved therapies. Lipoxygenases (LOXs) are a family of multifaceted enzymes that are responsible for the oxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and are implicated in the pathogenesis of multiple disorders including liver diseases. This review describes the three main LOX signaling pathways - 5-, 12-, and 15-LOX - and their involvement in CLDs. We also provide recent insights and future perspectives on LOX-related hepatic pathophysiology, and discuss the potential of LOXs and LOX-derived metabolites as diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets in CLDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena Heinrich
- Translational Liver Research, Department of Medical Cell BioPhysics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Technical Medical Center, University of Twente, Enschede 7500 AE, The Netherlands
| | - Richell Booijink
- Translational Liver Research, Department of Medical Cell BioPhysics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Technical Medical Center, University of Twente, Enschede 7500 AE, The Netherlands
| | - Amit Khurana
- Translational Liver Research, Department of Medical Cell BioPhysics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Technical Medical Center, University of Twente, Enschede 7500 AE, The Netherlands; Institute of Molecular Pathobiochemistry, Experimental Gene Therapy and Clinical Chemistry (IFMPEGKC), Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule (RWTH) University Hospital Aachen, Aachen 52074, Germany; Centre for Biomedical Engineering (CBME), Indian Institute of Technology (IIT), Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Ralf Weiskirchen
- Institute of Molecular Pathobiochemistry, Experimental Gene Therapy and Clinical Chemistry (IFMPEGKC), Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule (RWTH) University Hospital Aachen, Aachen 52074, Germany
| | - Ruchi Bansal
- Translational Liver Research, Department of Medical Cell BioPhysics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Technical Medical Center, University of Twente, Enschede 7500 AE, The Netherlands.
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Jin J, Boeglin WE, Brash AR. Analysis of 12/15-lipoxygenase metabolism of EPA and DHA with special attention to authentication of docosatrienes. J Lipid Res 2021; 62:100088. [PMID: 34022182 PMCID: PMC8219989 DOI: 10.1016/j.jlr.2021.100088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
A proposed beneficial impact of highly unsaturated “fish oil” fatty acids is their conversion by lipoxygenase (LOX) enzymes to specialized proresolving lipid mediators, including 12/15-LOX products from EPA and DHA. The transformations of DHA include formation of docosatrienes, named for the distinctive conjugated triene of the double bonds. To further the understanding of biosynthetic pathways and mechanisms, herein we meld together biosynthesis and NMR characterization of the unstable leukotriene A (LTA)-related epoxide intermediates formed by recombinant human 15-LOX-1, along with identification of the stable enzymatic products, and extend the findings into the 12/15-LOX metabolism in resident murine peritoneal macrophages. Oxygenation of EPA by 15-LOX-1 converts the initial 15S-hydroperoxide to 14S,15S-trans-epoxy-5Z,8Z,10E,12E,17Z-EPA (appearing as its 8,15-diol hydrolysis products) and mixtures of dihydroperoxy fatty acids, while mainly the epoxide hydrolysis products are evident in the murine cells. DHA also undergoes transformations to epoxides and dihydroperoxides by 15-LOX-1, resulting in a mixture of 10,17-dihydro(pero)xy derivatives (docosatrienes) and minor 7S,17S- and 14,17S-dihydroperoxides. The 10,17S-dihydroxy hydrolysis products of the LTA-related epoxide intermediate dominate the product profile in mouse macrophages, whereas (neuro)protectin D1, the leukotriene B4-related derivative with trans,trans,cis conjugated triene, was undetectable. In this study, we emphasize the utility of UV spectral characteristics for product identification, being diagnostic of the different double bond configurations and hydroxy fatty acid functionality versus hydroperoxide. LC-MS is not definitive for configurational isomers. Secure identification is based on chromatographic retention times, comparison with authentic standards, and the highly distinctive UV spectra.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Jin
- Department of Pharmacology and the Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - William E Boeglin
- Department of Pharmacology and the Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Alan R Brash
- Department of Pharmacology and the Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.
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11
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Cotti E, Ideo F, Pedrazzini A, Bardini G, Musu D, Kantarci A. Proresolving Mediators in Endodontics: A Systematic Review. J Endod 2021; 47:711-720. [PMID: 33548330 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2021.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Proresolving lipid mediators are specialized molecules (SPMs) involved in the active resolution of the inflammatory process by regulating tissue homeostasis. The aim of this study was to investigate the scientific literature to assess the potential of SPMs as an adjunct in the treatment of endodontic infection. METHODS Three electronic databases (PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus) were searched from their inception until February 2020 (PROSPERO CRD42020164743). Supplemental research was performed by screening the references of the relevant studies eligible for inclusion. A quality assessment of animal studies was performed using the Animal Research: Reporting of In Vivo Experiments guidelines, whereas the Systematic Review Centre for Laboratory animal Experimentation Risk of Bias tool was used to assess the risk of bias. RESULTS A total of 3295 records were screened, and 8 articles meeting the criteria were included for this qualitative review. The eligible studies showed a high to moderate overall quality and a low to moderate risk of bias. SPMs positively affected the development of pulpitis and apical periodontitis in experimental animal models. The early treatment of pulpitis with the topical application of SPMs was beneficial to control inflammation within 24 hours from contamination. In addition, SPMs delivered within the root canals after disinfection were found effective in promoting periapical healing. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that SPMs may play a role in the inception and treatment of pulpal-periapical diseases, and they should be considered for future research for developing new therapeutics as an adjunct to endodontic treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Cotti
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy.
| | - Francesca Ideo
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Alessandro Pedrazzini
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Giulia Bardini
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Davide Musu
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
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12
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Abstract
Specialized proresolving mediators (SPMs) are endogenous lipid metabolites of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids that are involved in promoting the resolution of inflammation. Many disease conditions characterized by excessive inflammation have impaired or altered SPM biosynthesis, which may lead to chronic, unresolved inflammation. Exogenous administration of SPMs in infectious conditions has been shown to be effective at improving infection clearance and survival in preclinical models. SPMs have also shown tremendous promise in the context of inflammatory lung conditions, such as acute respiratory distress syndrome and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, mostly in preclinical settings. To date, SPMs have not been studied in the context of the novel Coronavirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), however their preclinical efficacy in combatting infections and improving acute respiratory distress suggest they may be a valuable resource in the fight against Coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19). Overall, while the research on SPMs is still evolving, they may offer a novel therapeutic option for inflammatory conditions.
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MESH Headings
- Anti-Inflammatory Agents/therapeutic use
- COVID-19/metabolism
- COVID-19/pathology
- COVID-19/virology
- Docosahexaenoic Acids/therapeutic use
- Herpes Simplex/drug therapy
- Herpes Simplex/metabolism
- Herpes Simplex/pathology
- Humans
- Influenza, Human/drug therapy
- Influenza, Human/metabolism
- Influenza, Human/pathology
- Lipoxins/therapeutic use
- Lung/drug effects
- Lung/metabolism
- Lung/pathology
- Lung Injury/drug therapy
- Lung Injury/metabolism
- Lung Injury/pathology
- Lung Injury/virology
- Periodontitis/drug therapy
- Periodontitis/metabolism
- Periodontitis/pathology
- Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/drug therapy
- Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/metabolism
- Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/pathology
- Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/virology
- Respiratory Distress Syndrome/drug therapy
- Respiratory Distress Syndrome/metabolism
- Respiratory Distress Syndrome/pathology
- Respiratory Distress Syndrome/virology
- SARS-CoV-2/pathogenicity
- Sepsis/drug therapy
- Sepsis/metabolism
- Sepsis/pathology
- Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/drug therapy
- Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/metabolism
- Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/pathology
- COVID-19 Drug Treatment
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13
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Abstract
Neutrophils are polymorphonuclear leukocytes that play a central role in host defense against infection and tissue injury. They are rapidly recruited to the inflamed site and execute a variety of functions to clear invading pathogens and damaged cells. However, many of their defense mechanisms are capable of inflicting collateral tissue damage. Neutrophil-driven inflammation is a unifying mechanism underlying many common diseases. Efficient removal of neutrophils from inflammatory loci is critical for timely resolution of inflammation and return to homeostasis. Accumulating evidence challenges the classical view that neutrophils represent a homogeneous population and that halting neutrophil influx is sufficient to explain their rapid decline within inflamed loci during the resolution of protective inflammation. Hence, understanding the mechanisms that govern neutrophil functions and their removal from the inflammatory locus is critical for minimizing damage to the surrounding tissue and for return to homeostasis. In this review, we briefly address recent advances in characterizing neutrophil phenotypic and functional heterogeneity and the molecular mechanisms that determine the fate of neutrophils within inflammatory loci and the outcome of the inflammatory response. We also discuss how these mechanisms may be harnessed as potential therapeutic targets to facilitate resolution of inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- János G Filep
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, University of Montreal and Research Center, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Amiram Ariel
- Departmentof Biology and Human Biology, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
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14
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Abstract
Background Leukocyte‐directed biosynthesis of specialized proresolving mediators (SPMs) orchestrates physiological inflammation after myocardial infarction. Deficiency of SPMs drives pathological and nonresolving inflammation, leading to heart failure (HF). Differences in SPMs and inflammatory responses caused by sex‐specific differences are of interest. We differentiated leukocyte‐directed biosynthesis of lipid mediators in male and female mice, focusing on leukocyte populations, structural remodeling, functional recovery, and survival rates. Methods and Results Risk‐free male and female C57BL/6 mice were selected as naïve controls or subjected to myocardial infarction surgery. Molecular and cellular mechanisms that differentiate survival, heart function, and structure and leukocyte‐directed lipid mediators were quantified to describe physiological inflammation after myocardial infarction. Female mice show improved survival in acute HF but no statistical difference during chronic HF compared with male mice. Female mice improved survival is marked with functional recovery and limited remodeling compared with male mice. Male and female mice are similarly responsive to arachidonate lipoxygenase (LOX‐5, LOX‐12, LOX‐15) or cyclooxygenase (COX‐1, COX‐2) in acute HF and particularly male infarcted heart had overall increased SPMs. Female cardiac healing is marked with the biosynthesis of differential p450‐derived product, particularly 11,12 epoxyeicosatrienoic acid in acute HF. A sex‐specific difference of dendritic cells in acute HF is distinct, with limited changes in chronic HF. Conclusions Cardiac repair is marked with increased SPM biosynthesis in male mice and amplified epoxyeicosatrienoic acid in female mice. Female mice showed improved survival, functional recovery, and limited remodeling, which are signs of fine‐tuned physiological inflammation after myocardial infarction. These results rationalize the sex‐specific precise therapies and differential treatments in acute and chronic HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda B Pullen
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences Department of Medicine University of South Florida Tampa FL
| | - Vasundhara Kain
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences Department of Medicine University of South Florida Tampa FL
| | - Charles N Serhan
- Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine Brigham and Women's Hospital Harvard Medical School, Boston MA
| | - Ganesh V Halade
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences Department of Medicine University of South Florida Tampa FL
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15
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Martinsen A, Tejera N, Vauzour D, Harden G, Dick J, Shinde S, Barden A, Mori TA, Minihane AM. Altered SPMs and age-associated decrease in brain DHA in APOE4 female mice. FASEB J 2019; 33:10315-10326. [PMID: 31251078 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201900423r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
An apolipoprotein E (APOE) 4 genotype is the most important, common genetic determinant for Alzheimer disease (AD), and female APOE4 carriers present with an increased risk compared with males. The study quantified cortical and hippocampal fatty acid and phospholipid profiles along with select eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA)- and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)-derived specialized proresolving mediators (SPMs) in 2-, 9-, and 18-mo-old APOE3 and APOE4 male and female mice. A 10% lower cortical DHA was evident in APOE4 females at 18 mo compared with 2 mo, with no significant decrease in APOE3 or APOE4 males. This decrease was associated with a reduction in DHA-phosphatidylethanolamine. Older APOE4 females had a 15% higher oleic acid content compared with young mice. Although no sex*APOE genotype interactions were observed for SPMs expressed as a ratio of their parent compound, higher cortical 18R/S-hydroxy-5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,16E-EPA, resolvin D3, protectin D1, 10S,17S-dihydroxy-4Z,7Z,11E,13E,15Z,19Z-DHA (10S,17S-diHDHA), maresin 1, 17S-hydroxy-4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,15E,19Z-DHA, and 14S-hydroxy-4Z,7Z,10Z,12E,16Z,19Z-DHA were evident in females, and lower cortical 17R-resolvin D1, 10S,17S-diHDHA, and 18-HEPE in APOE4. Our findings show a strong association between age, female sex, and an APOE4 genotype, with decreased cortical DHA and a number of SPMs, which together may contribute to the development of cognitive decline and AD pathology.-Martinsen, A., Tejera, N., Vauzour, D., Harden, G., Dick, J., Shinde, S., Barden, A., Mori, T. A., Minihane, A. M. Altered SPMs and age-associated decrease in brain DHA in APOE4 female mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anneloes Martinsen
- Department of Nutrition and Preventive Medicine, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Noemi Tejera
- Department of Nutrition and Preventive Medicine, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - David Vauzour
- Department of Nutrition and Preventive Medicine, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Glenn Harden
- Department of Nutrition and Preventive Medicine, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - James Dick
- Nutrition Analytical Service, Institute of Aquaculture, University of Stirling, Stirling, United Kingdom
| | - Sujata Shinde
- Medical School, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Anne Barden
- Medical School, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Trevor A Mori
- Medical School, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Anne Marie Minihane
- Department of Nutrition and Preventive Medicine, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom
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16
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Botten N, Hodges RR, Li D, Bair JA, Shatos MA, Utheim TP, Serhan CN, Dartt DA. Resolvin D2 elevates cAMP to increase intracellular [Ca 2+] and stimulate secretion from conjunctival goblet cells. FASEB J 2019; 33:8468-8478. [PMID: 31013438 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201802467r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Under physiologic conditions, conjunctival goblet cells (CGCs) secrete mucins into the tear film to preserve ocular surface homeostasis. Specialized proresolving mediators (SPMs), like resolvins (Rvs), regulate secretion from CGCs and actively terminate inflammation. The purpose of this study was to determine if RvD2 stimulated mucin secretion and to investigate the cellular signaling components. Goblet cells were cultured from rat conjunctiva. Secretion was measured by an enzyme-linked lectin assay, change in intracellular [Ca2+] ([Ca2+]i) using Fura-2, and cellular cAMP levels by ELISA. RvD2 (10-11-10-8 M) stimulated secretion, increased cellular cAMP levels and the [Ca2+]i. RvD2-stimulated increase in [Ca2+]i and secretion was blocked by Ca2+ chelator 1,2-bis(2-aminophenoxy)ethane-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid tetrakis and the PKA inhibitor N-[2-(p-bromocinnamylamino)ethyl]-5-isoquinolinesulfonamide dihydrochloride but not by the cAMP exchange protein inhibitor α-[2-(3-chlorophenyl)hydrazinylidene]-5-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-b-oxo-3-isoxazolepropanenitrile. Forskolin, 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine, and 8-bromo-cAMP (8-Br-cAMP) increased [Ca2+]i. Increasing cAMP with 8-Br-cAMP inhibited the increase in [Ca2+]i stimulated by the cAMP-independent agonist cholinergic agonist carbachol. In conclusion, RvD2 uses both cellular cAMP and [Ca2+]i to stimulate glycoconjugate secretion from CGCs, but the interaction of cAMP and [Ca2+]i is context dependent. Thus RvD2 likely assists in the maintenance of the mucous layer of the tear film to sustain ocular surface homeostasis and has potential as a novel treatment for dry eye disease.-Botten, N., Hodges, R. R., Li, D., Bair, J. A., Shatos, M. A., Utheim, T. P., Serhan, C. N., Dartt, D. A. Resolvin D2 elevates cAMP to increase intracellular [Ca2+] and stimulate secretion from conjunctival goblet cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nora Botten
- Schepens Eye Research Institute, Massachusetts Eye and Ear-Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Robin R Hodges
- Schepens Eye Research Institute, Massachusetts Eye and Ear-Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Dayu Li
- Schepens Eye Research Institute, Massachusetts Eye and Ear-Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jeffrey A Bair
- Schepens Eye Research Institute, Massachusetts Eye and Ear-Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Marie A Shatos
- Schepens Eye Research Institute, Massachusetts Eye and Ear-Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Tor P Utheim
- Schepens Eye Research Institute, Massachusetts Eye and Ear-Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Charles N Serhan
- Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative, and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Darlene A Dartt
- Schepens Eye Research Institute, Massachusetts Eye and Ear-Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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17
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Chin SM, Wion D. Early Prophylactic Hypothermia for Patients With Severe Traumatic Injury: Premature to Close the Case. Front Neurol 2019; 10:344. [PMID: 31024437 PMCID: PMC6465559 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2019.00344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Shan Min Chin
- INSERM UMR1205, Faculté Médecine Pharmacie, Université Grenoble Alpes, La Tronche, France
| | - Didier Wion
- INSERM UMR1205, Faculté Médecine Pharmacie, Université Grenoble Alpes, La Tronche, France
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18
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Winkler JW, Libreros S, De La Rosa X, Sansbury BE, Norris PC, Chiang N, Fichtner D, Keyes GS, Wourms N, Spite M, Serhan CN. Structural insights into Resolvin D4 actions and further metabolites via a new total organic synthesis and validation. J Leukoc Biol 2018; 103:10.1002/JLB.3MI0617-254R. [PMID: 29377345 PMCID: PMC6136982 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.3mi0617-254r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2017] [Revised: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Local production and downstream metabolism of specialized proresolving lipid mediators (SPMs) are pivotal in regulating their biological actions during resolution of inflammation. Resolvin D4 (RvD4: 4S,5R,17S-trihydroxydocosa-6E,8E,10Z,13Z,15E,19Z hexaenoic acid) is one of the more recently elucidated SPMs with complete stereochemistry biosynthesized from docosahexaenoic acid . Here, we report a new multimilligram commercial synthesis that afforded enough material for matching, validation, and further evaluation of RvD4 functions. Using LC-MS-MS profiling, RvD4 was identified at bioactive amounts in human (1 pg/mL) and mouse bone marrow (12 pg/femur and tibia). In mouse bone marrow, ischemia increased the formation of RvD4 > 37-fold (455 pg/femur and tibia). Two separate mouse ischemic injury models were used, where RvD4 reduced second organ reperfusion lung injury > 50%, demonstrating organ protection. Structure-function relationships of RvD4 demonstrated > 40% increase in neutrophil and monocyte phagocytic function in human whole blood in comparison with 2 separate trans-containing double bond isomers that were inactive. These 2 isomers were prepared by organic synthesis: 4S,5R,17S-trihydroxydocosa-6E,8E,10E,13Z,15E,19Z-hexaenoic acid (10-trans-RvD4), a natural isomer, and 4S,5R,17S-trihydroxydocosa-6E,8E,10E,13E,15E,19Z-hexaenoic acid (10,13-trans-RvD4), a rogue isomer. Compared to leukotriene B4 , D-series resolvins (RvD1, RvD2, RvD3, RvD4, or RvD5) did not stimulate human neutrophil chemotaxis monitored via real-time microfluidics chambers. A novel 17-oxo-containing-RvD4 product of eicosanoid oxidoreductase was identified with human bone marrow cells. Comparison of 17-oxo-RvD4 to RvD4 demonstrated that with human leukocytes 17-oxo-RvD4 was inactive. Together, these provide commercial-scale synthesis that permitted a second independent validation of RvD4 complete stereochemical structure as well as evidence for RvD4 regulation in tissues and its stereoselective phagocyte responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy W. Winkler
- Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Building for Transformative Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115 U.S.A
| | - Stephania Libreros
- Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Building for Transformative Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115 U.S.A
| | - Xavier De La Rosa
- Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Building for Transformative Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115 U.S.A
| | - Brian E. Sansbury
- Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Building for Transformative Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115 U.S.A
| | - Paul C. Norris
- Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Building for Transformative Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115 U.S.A
| | - Nan Chiang
- Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Building for Transformative Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115 U.S.A
| | | | | | | | - Matthew Spite
- Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Building for Transformative Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115 U.S.A
| | - Charles N. Serhan
- Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Building for Transformative Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115 U.S.A
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19
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Abstract
Inflammation is an immune response that works as a contained fire that is pre-emptively sparked as a defensive process during infections or upon any kind of tissue insult, and that is spontaneously extinguished after elimination or termination of the damage. However, persistent and uncontrolled immune reactions act as a wildfire that promote chronic inflammation, unresolved tissue damage and, eventually, chronic diseases. A wide network of soluble mediators, among which endogenous bioactive lipids, governs all immune processes. They are secreted by basically all cells involved in inflammatory processes and constitute the crucial infrastructure that triggers, coordinates and confines inflammatory mechanisms. However, these molecules are also deeply involved in the detrimental transition from acute to chronic inflammation, be it for persistent or excessive action of pro-inflammatory lipids or for the impairment of the functions carried out by resolving ones. As a matter of fact, bioactive lipids have been linked, to date, to several chronic diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis, atherosclerosis, diabetes, cancer, inflammatory bowel disease, systemic lupus erythematosus, and multiple sclerosis. This review summarizes current knowledge on the involvement of the main classes of endogenous bioactive lipids—namely classical eicosanoids, pro-resolving lipid mediators, lysoglycerophospholipids/sphingolipids, and endocannabinoids—in the cellular and molecular mechanisms that lead to the pathogenesis of chronic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerio Chiurchiù
- Department of Medicine, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,European Center for Brain Research (CERC), Santa Lucia Foundation (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandro Leuti
- Department of Medicine, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,European Center for Brain Research (CERC), Santa Lucia Foundation (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
| | - Mauro Maccarrone
- Department of Medicine, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,European Center for Brain Research (CERC), Santa Lucia Foundation (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
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20
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Gobbetti T, Dalli J, Colas RA, Federici Canova D, Aursnes M, Bonnet D, Alric L, Vergnolle N, Deraison C, Hansen TV, Serhan CN, Perretti M. Protectin D1 n-3 DPA and resolvin D5 n-3 DPA are effectors of intestinal protection. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:3963-3968. [PMID: 28356517 PMCID: PMC5393238 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1617290114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The resolution of inflammation is an active process orchestrated by specialized proresolving lipid mediators (SPM) that limit the host response within the affected tissue; failure of effective resolution may lead to tissue injury. Because persistence of inflammatory signals is a main feature of chronic inflammatory conditions, including inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs), herein we investigate expression and functions of SPM in intestinal inflammation. Targeted liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry-based metabololipidomics was used to identify SPMs from n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in human IBD colon biopsies, quantifying a significant up-regulation of the resolvin and protectin pathway compared with normal gut tissue. Systemic treatment with protectin (PD)1n-3 DPA or resolvin (Rv)D5n-3 DPA protected against colitis and intestinal ischemia/reperfusion-induced inflammation in mice. Inhibition of 15-lipoxygenase activity reduced PD1n-3 DPA and augmented intestinal inflammation in experimental colitis. Intravital microscopy of mouse mesenteric venules demonstrated that PD1n-3 DPA and RvD5n-3 DPA decreased the extent of leukocyte adhesion and emigration following ischemia-reperfusion. These data were translated by assessing human neutrophil-endothelial interactions under flow: PD1n-3 DPA and RvD5n-3 DPA reduced cell adhesion onto TNF-α-activated human endothelial monolayers. In conclusion, we propose that innovative therapies based on n-3 DPA-derived mediators could be developed to enable antiinflammatory and tissue protective effects in inflammatory pathologies of the gut.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Gobbetti
- The William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, United Kingdom
| | - Jesmond Dalli
- The William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, United Kingdom
- Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative, and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston MA 02115
| | - Romain A Colas
- The William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, United Kingdom
- Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative, and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston MA 02115
| | - Donata Federici Canova
- The William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, United Kingdom
| | - Marius Aursnes
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, N-0316 Oslo, Norway
| | - Delphine Bonnet
- Department of Internal Medicine and Digestive Diseases, Pole Digestif, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU), 31059 Toulouse, France
| | - Laurent Alric
- Department of Internal Medicine and Digestive Diseases, Pole Digestif, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU), 31059 Toulouse, France
| | - Nathalie Vergnolle
- Institut de Recherche en Santé Digestive (IRSD), Université de Toulouse, 31300 Toulouse, France
- Unit 1220, INSERM, 31300 Toulouse, France
- Unit 1416, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), 31300 Toulouse, France
- École Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), 31300 Toulouse, France
- Université Paul Sabatier (UPS), 31300 Toulouse, France
| | - Celine Deraison
- Institut de Recherche en Santé Digestive (IRSD), Université de Toulouse, 31300 Toulouse, France
- Unit 1220, INSERM, 31300 Toulouse, France
- Unit 1416, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), 31300 Toulouse, France
- École Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), 31300 Toulouse, France
- Université Paul Sabatier (UPS), 31300 Toulouse, France
| | - Trond V Hansen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, N-0316 Oslo, Norway
| | - Charles N Serhan
- Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative, and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston MA 02115
| | - Mauro Perretti
- The William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, United Kingdom;
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21
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Inflammation is a unifying component of many of the diseases that afflict Western civilizations. Nutrition therapy and, in particular, essential fatty acid supplementation is one of the approaches that is currently in use for the treatment and management of many inflammatory conditions. The purpose of the present review is to discuss the recent literature in light of the discovery that essential fatty acids are converted by the body to a novel genus of lipid mediators, termed specialized proresolving mediators (SPMs). RECENT FINDINGS The SPM genus is composed of four mediator families - the lipoxins, resolvins, protectins, and maresins. These molecules potently and stereoselectively promote the termination of inflammation, tissue repair, and regeneration. Recent studies indicate that in disease, SPM production becomes dysregulated giving rise to a status of failed resolution. Of note, several studies found that omega-3 fatty acid supplementation, at doses within the recommended daily allowance, led to increases in several SPM families that correlate with enhanced white blood cell responses in humans and reduced inflammation in mice. SUMMARY Given the potent biological actions of SPM in organ protection and promoting bacterial clearance, nutritional therapies enriched in omega-3 fatty acids hold promise as a potential co-therapy approach when coupled with functional lipid mediator profiling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucy V Norling
- The William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, United Kingdom
| | - Lucy Ly
- The William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, United Kingdom
- QMUL Lipid Mediator Unit, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, United Kingdom
| | - Jesmond Dalli
- The William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, United Kingdom
- QMUL Lipid Mediator Unit, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, United Kingdom
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22
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Lacy SH, Woeller CF, Thatcher TH, Maddipati KR, Honn KV, Sime PJ, Phipps RP. Human lung fibroblasts produce proresolving peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ ligands in a cyclooxygenase-2-dependent manner. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2016; 311:L855-L867. [PMID: 27612965 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00272.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Accepted: 08/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Human lung fibroblasts (HLFs) act as innate immune sentinel cells that amplify the inflammatory response to injurious stimuli. Here, we use targeted lipidomics to explore the hypothesis that HLFs also play an active role in the resolution of inflammation. We detected cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2)-dependent production of both proinflammatory and proresolving prostaglandins (PGs) in conditioned culture medium from HLFs treated with a proinflammatory stimulus, IL-1β. Among the proresolving PGs in the HLF lipidome were several known ligands for peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ), a transcription factor whose activation in the lung yields potent anti-inflammatory, antifibrotic, and proresolving effects. Next, we used a cell-based luciferase reporter to confirm the ability of HLF supernatants to activate PPARγ, demonstrating, for the first time, that primary HLFs activated with proinflammatory IL-1β or cigarette smoke extract produce functional PPARγ ligands; this phenomenon is temporally regulated, COX-2- and lipocalin-type PGD synthase-dependent, and enhanced by arachidonic acid supplementation. Finally, we used luciferase reporter assays to show that several of the PGs in the lipidome of activated HLFs independently activate PPARγ and/or inhibit NFκB. These results indicate that HLFs, as immune sentinels, regulate both proinflammatory and proresolving responses to injurious stimuli. This novel endogenous resolution pathway represents a new therapeutic target for globally important inflammatory diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon H Lacy
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York
| | - Collynn F Woeller
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York
| | - Thomas H Thatcher
- Division of Pulmonary Diseases and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York.,Lung Biology and Disease Program, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York
| | - Krishna Rao Maddipati
- Lipidomics Core Facility, Department of Pathology, Bioactive Lipids Research Program, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, Michigan; and
| | - Kenneth V Honn
- Bioactive Lipids Research Program, Department of Pathology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Patricia J Sime
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York.,Division of Pulmonary Diseases and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York.,Lung Biology and Disease Program, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York
| | - Richard P Phipps
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York; .,Division of Pulmonary Diseases and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York.,Lung Biology and Disease Program, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York
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Croasdell A, Thatcher TH, Kottmann RM, Colas RA, Dalli J, Serhan CN, Sime PJ, Phipps RP. Resolvins attenuate inflammation and promote resolution in cigarette smoke-exposed human macrophages. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2015; 309:L888-901. [PMID: 26301452 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00125.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2015] [Accepted: 08/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is a protective response to injury, but it can become chronic, leading to tissue damage and disease. Cigarette smoke causes multiple inflammatory diseases, which account for thousands of deaths and cost billions of dollars annually. Cigarette smoke disrupts the function of immune cells, such as macrophages, by prolonging inflammatory signaling, promoting oxidative stress, and impairing phagocytosis, contributing to increased incidence of infections. Recently, new families of lipid-derived mediators, "specialized proresolving mediators" (SPMs), were identified. SPMs play a critical role in the active resolution of inflammation by counterregulating proinflammatory signaling and promoting resolution pathways. We have identified dysregulated concentrations of lipid mediators in exhaled breath condensate, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, and serum from patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). In human alveolar macrophages from COPD and non-COPD patients, D-series resolvins decreased inflammatory cytokines and enhanced phagocytosis. To further investigate the actions of resolvins on human cells, macrophages were differentiated from human blood monocytes and treated with D-series resolvins and then exposed to cigarette smoke extract. Resolvins significantly suppressed macrophage production of proinflammatory cytokines, enzymes, and lipid mediators. Resolvins also increased anti-inflammatory cytokines, promoted an M2 macrophage phenotype, and restored cigarette smoke-induced defects in phagocytosis, highlighting the proresolving functions of these molecules. These actions were receptor-dependent and involved modulation of canonical and noncanonical NF-κB expression, with the first evidence for SPM action on alternative NF-κB signaling. These data show that resolvins act on human macrophages to attenuate cigarette smoke-induced inflammatory effects through proresolving mechanisms and provide new evidence of the therapeutic potential of SPMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Croasdell
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York; Lung Biology and Disease Program, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York
| | - Thomas H Thatcher
- Lung Biology and Disease Program, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York; Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York; and
| | - R Matthew Kottmann
- Lung Biology and Disease Program, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York; Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York; and
| | - Romain A Colas
- Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury, Department of Anesthesiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jesmond Dalli
- Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury, Department of Anesthesiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Charles N Serhan
- Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury, Department of Anesthesiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Patricia J Sime
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York; Lung Biology and Disease Program, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York; Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York; and
| | - Richard P Phipps
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York; Lung Biology and Disease Program, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York; Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York; and
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24
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Fiala M, Halder RC, Sagong B, Ross O, Sayre J, Porter V, Bredesen DE. ω-3 Supplementation increases amyloid-β phagocytosis and resolvin D1 in patients with minor cognitive impairment. FASEB J 2015; 29:2681-9. [PMID: 25805829 DOI: 10.1096/fj.14-264218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2014] [Accepted: 03/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the effects of 4-17 month supplementation with ω-3 fatty acids and antioxidants (Smartfish drink; Smartfish AS, Oslo, Norway) in 12 patients with minor cognitive impairment (MCI) [minimental state examination (MMSE) ≥19], 2 patients with pre-MCI (normal MMSE), and 7 patients with Alzheimer disease (AD) (MMSE <19). We measured the phagocytosis of amyloid-β 1-42 (Aβ) by flow cytometry and microscopy, the transcription of inflammatory genes by RT-PCR, the production of resolvin D1 (RvD1) by enzyme immunoassay, and the cognitive status by MMSE. In patients with MCI and pre-MCI, phagocytosis of Aβ by monocytes increased from 530 to 1306 mean fluorescence intensity units (P = 0.016). The increase in patients with AD was not significant (N.S.). The lipidic mediator RvD1, which stimulates Aβ phagocytosis in vitro, increased in macrophages in 80% of patients with MCI and pre-MCI (mean increase 9.95 pg/ml) (N.S.). Transcription of inflammatory genes' mRNAs was increased in a subgroup of patients with low transcription at baseline, whereas it was not significantly changed in patients with high transcription at baseline. The mean MMSE score of patients with MCI and pre-MCI was 25.9 at baseline and 25.7 after 4-17 months (N.S.). Our study is the first to show significant immune and biochemical effects of ω-3 fatty acids with antioxidants in patients with MCI. Cognitive benefits of ω-3 supplementation in patients with MCI should be tested in a clinical trial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milan Fiala
- *Department of Surgery and Department of Neurology, University of California, Los Angeles, School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, USA; and Department of Biostatistics, University of California, Los Angeles, School of Public Health, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Ramesh C Halder
- *Department of Surgery and Department of Neurology, University of California, Los Angeles, School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, USA; and Department of Biostatistics, University of California, Los Angeles, School of Public Health, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Bien Sagong
- *Department of Surgery and Department of Neurology, University of California, Los Angeles, School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, USA; and Department of Biostatistics, University of California, Los Angeles, School of Public Health, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Olivia Ross
- *Department of Surgery and Department of Neurology, University of California, Los Angeles, School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, USA; and Department of Biostatistics, University of California, Los Angeles, School of Public Health, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - James Sayre
- *Department of Surgery and Department of Neurology, University of California, Los Angeles, School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, USA; and Department of Biostatistics, University of California, Los Angeles, School of Public Health, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Verna Porter
- *Department of Surgery and Department of Neurology, University of California, Los Angeles, School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, USA; and Department of Biostatistics, University of California, Los Angeles, School of Public Health, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Dale E Bredesen
- *Department of Surgery and Department of Neurology, University of California, Los Angeles, School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, USA; and Department of Biostatistics, University of California, Los Angeles, School of Public Health, Los Angeles, California, USA
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25
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Orr SK, Colas RA, Dalli J, Chiang N, Serhan CN. Proresolving actions of a new resolvin D1 analog mimetic qualifies as an immunoresolvent. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2015; 308:L904-11. [PMID: 25770181 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00370.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2014] [Accepted: 03/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Resolution of inflammation is an active process driven by several new families of endogenous lipid mediators collectively coined specialized proresolving mediators (SPM). Here, we report a synthetic analog of resolvin D1 (RvD1) and aspirin-triggered RvD1, benzo-diacetylenic-17R-RvD1-methyl ester (BDA-RvD1), which was prepared using fewer steps than required for total organic synthesis of natural SPM. BDA-RvD1 was resistant to further metabolism by human recombinant 15-prostaglandin dehydrogenase, a major inactivation pathway for RvD1. In ischemia-reperfusion-initiated second organ injury, BDA-RvD1 intravenously (1 μg) reduced neutrophil infiltration into the lungs by 58 ± 9% and was significantly more potent than native RvD1. BDA-RvD1 at 100 ng/mouse also shortened the resolution interval, Ri, of Escherichia coli peritonitis with a similar potency as RvD1, by ~57%, from Ri 10.5 h to 4.5 h. With isolated human phagocytes, BDA-RvD1 at picomolar concentrations (10(-12) M) stimulated phagocytosis of zymosan A particles. BDA-RvD1 activated human recombinant G protein-coupled receptor 32/DRV1, an RvD1 receptor, in a dose-dependent manner. These results indicate that, both in vivo in mice and with isolated human cells, BDA-RvD1 shares defining proresolving actions of RvD1, including inhibiting leukocyte infiltration and stimulating phagocytosis. Moreover, they provide evidence for a new analog mimetic and example of an immunoresolvent, namely an agent that stimulates active resolution of inflammation, for a potential new therapeutic class.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah K Orr
- Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Harvard Institutes of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Romain A Colas
- Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Harvard Institutes of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jesmond Dalli
- Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Harvard Institutes of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Nan Chiang
- Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Harvard Institutes of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Charles N Serhan
- Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Harvard Institutes of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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