1
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Lin F, Clift R, Ehara T, Yanagida H, Horton S, Noncovich A, Guest M, Kim D, Salvador K, Richardson S, Miller T, Han G, Bhat A, Song K, Li G. Peptide Binder to Glypican-3 as a Theranostic Agent for Hepatocellular Carcinoma. J Nucl Med 2024; 65:586-592. [PMID: 38423788 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.123.266766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Glypican-3 (GPC3) is a membrane-associated glycoprotein that is significantly upregulated in hepatocellular carcinomas (HCC) with minimal to no expression in normal tissues. The differential expression of GPC3 between tumor and normal tissues provides an opportunity for targeted radiopharmaceutical therapy to treat HCC, a leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Methods: DOTA-RYZ-GPC3 (RAYZ-8009) comprises a novel macrocyclic peptide binder to GPC3, a linker, and a chelator that can be complexed with different radioisotopes. The binding affinity was determined by surface plasma resonance and radioligand binding assays. Target-mediated cellular internalization was radiometrically measured at multiple time points. In vivo biodistribution, monotherapy, and combination treatments with 177Lu or 225Ac were performed on HCC xenografts. Results: RAYZ-8009 showed high binding affinity to GPC3 protein of human, mouse, canine, and cynomolgus monkey origins and no binding to other glypican family members. Potent cellular binding was confirmed in GPC3-positive HepG2 cells and was not affected by isotope switching. RAYZ-8009 achieved efficient internalization on binding to HepG2 cells. Biodistribution study of 177Lu-RAYZ-8009 showed sustained tumor uptake and fast renal clearance, with minimal or no uptake in other normal tissues. Tumor-specific uptake was also demonstrated in orthotopic HCC tumors, with no uptake in surrounding liver tissue. Therapeutically, significant and durable tumor regression and survival benefit were achieved with 177Lu- and 225Ac-labeled RAYZ-8009, as single agents and in combination with lenvatinib, in GPC3-positive HCC xenografts. Conclusion: Preclinical in vitro and in vivo data demonstrate the potential of RAYZ-8009 as a theranostic agent for the treatment of patients with GPC3-positive HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Matt Guest
- RayzeBio, Inc., San Diego, California; and
| | - Daniel Kim
- RayzeBio, Inc., San Diego, California; and
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Gary Li
- RayzeBio, Inc., San Diego, California; and
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2
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Van Parijs H, Cecilia-Joseph E, Gorobets O, Storme G, Adriaenssens N, Heyndrickx B, Verschraegen C, Nguyen NP, De Ridder M, Vinh-Hung V. Lung-heart toxicity in a randomized clinical trial of hypofractionated image guided radiation therapy for breast cancer. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1211544. [PMID: 38053657 PMCID: PMC10694354 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1211544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background TomoBreast hypothesized that hypofractionated 15 fractions/3 weeks image-guided radiation therapy (H-IGRT) can reduce lung-heart toxicity, as compared with normofractionated 25-33 fractions/5-7 weeks conventional radiation therapy (CRT). Methods In a single center 123 women with stage I-II operated breast cancer were randomized to receive CRT (N=64) or H-IGRT (N=59). The primary endpoint used a composite four-items measure of the time to 10% alteration in any of patient-reported outcomes, physician clinical evaluation, echocardiography or lung function tests, analyzed by intention-to-treat. Results At 12 years median follow-up, overall and disease-free survivals between randomized arms were comparable, while survival time free from alteration significantly improved with H-IGRT which showed a gain of restricted mean survival time of 1.46 years over CRT, P=0.041. Discussion The finding establishes TomoBreast as a proof-of-concept that hypofractionated image-guided radiation-therapy can improve the sparing of lung-heart function in breast cancer adjuvant therapy without loss in disease-free survival. Hypofractionation is advantageous, conditional on using an advanced radiation technique. Multicenter validation may be warranted. Trial registration https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00459628. Registered 12 April 2007.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hilde Van Parijs
- Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Elsa Cecilia-Joseph
- Department of Oral Surgery, University Hospital of Martinique, Fort-de-France, France
| | - Olena Gorobets
- Department of Oral Surgery, University Hospital of Martinique, Fort-de-France, France
| | - Guy Storme
- Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Nele Adriaenssens
- Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - Claire Verschraegen
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Nam P. Nguyen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Howard University, Washington, DC, United States
- Department of Clinical Research, International Geriatric Radiotherapy Group, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Mark De Ridder
- Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Vincent Vinh-Hung
- Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Clinical Research, International Geriatric Radiotherapy Group, Washington, DC, United States
- Department of Radiotherapy, Institut Bergonié, Bordeaux, France
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3
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Gubbi S, Al-Jundi M, Auh S, Jha A, Zou J, Shamis I, Meuter L, Knue M, Turkbey B, Lindenberg L, Mena E, Carrasquillo JA, Teng Y, Pacak K, Klubo-Gwiezdzinska J, Del Rivero J, Lin FI. Early short-term effects on catecholamine levels and pituitary function in patients with pheochromocytoma or paraganglioma treated with [ 177Lu]Lu-DOTA-TATE therapy. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1275813. [PMID: 37886645 PMCID: PMC10598842 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1275813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose While there are reports of treatment-related endocrine disruptions and catecholamine surges in pheochromocytoma/paraganglioma (PPGL) patients treated with [177Lu]Lu-DOTA-TATE therapy, the spectrum of these abnormalities in the immediate post-treatment period (within 48 hours) has not been previously evaluated and is likely underestimated. Methods The study population included patients (≥18 years) enrolled in a phase 2 trial for treatment of somatostatin receptor (SSTR)-2+ inoperable/metastatic pheochromocytoma/paraganglioma with [177Lu]Lu-DOTA-TATE (7.4 GBq per cycle for 1 - 4 cycles). Hormonal measurements [adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), cortisol, thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), free thyroxine (FT4), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), testosterone, estradiol, growth hormone, prolactin], catecholamines, and metanephrines were obtained on days-1, 2, 3, 30, and 60 per cycle as per trial protocol, and were retrospectively analyzed. Results Among the 27 patients (age: 54 ± 12.7 years, 48.1% females) who underwent hormonal evaluation, hypoprolactinemia (14.1%), elevated FSH (13.1%), and elevated LH (12.5%) were the most frequent hormonal abnormalities across all 4 cycles combined. On longitudinal follow-up, significant reductions were noted in i. ACTH without corresponding changes in cortisol, ii. TSH, and FT4, and iii. prolactin at or before day-30 of [177Lu]Lu-DOTA-TATE. No significant changes were observed in the gonadotropic axis and GH levels. Levels of all hormones on day-60 were not significantly different from day-1 values, suggesting the transient nature of these changes. However, two patients developed clinical, persistent endocrinopathies (primary hypothyroidism: n=1 male; early menopause: n=1 female). Compared to day-1, a significant % increase in norepinephrine, dopamine, and normetanephrine levels were noted at 24 hours following [177Lu]Lu-DOTA-TATE dose and peaked within 48 hours. Conclusions [177Lu]Lu-DOTA-TATE therapy is associated with alterations in endocrine function likely from radiation exposure to SSTR2+ endocrine tissues. However, these changes may sometimes manifest as clinically significant endocrinopathies. It is therefore important to periodically assess endocrine function during [177Lu]Lu-DOTA-TATE therapy, especially among symptomatic patients. Clinical trial registration https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03206060?term=NCT03206060&draw=2&rank=1, identifier NCT03206060.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sriram Gubbi
- Metabolic Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Mohammad Al-Jundi
- Department of Endocrinology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child and Human Development, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Sungyoung Auh
- Metabolic Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Abhishek Jha
- Department of Endocrinology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child and Human Development, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Joy Zou
- Molecular Imaging Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Inna Shamis
- Molecular Imaging Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Leah Meuter
- Department of Endocrinology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child and Human Development, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Marianne Knue
- Department of Endocrinology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child and Human Development, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Baris Turkbey
- Molecular Imaging Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Liza Lindenberg
- Molecular Imaging Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Esther Mena
- Molecular Imaging Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Jorge A. Carrasquillo
- Molecular Imaging Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, United States
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Yating Teng
- Center for Health Professions Education, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Karel Pacak
- Department of Endocrinology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child and Human Development, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Joanna Klubo-Gwiezdzinska
- Metabolic Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Jaydira Del Rivero
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Frank I. Lin
- Molecular Imaging Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, United States
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4
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Luna-Gutiérrez M, Cruz-Nova P, Jiménez-Mancilla N, Oros-Pantoja R, Lara-Almazán N, Santos-Cuevas C, Azorín-Vega E, Ocampo-García B, Ferro-Flores G. Synthesis and Evaluation of 177Lu-DOTA-PD-L1-i and 225Ac-HEHA-PD-L1-i as Potential Radiopharmaceuticals for Tumor Microenvironment- Targeted Radiotherapy. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12382. [PMID: 37569758 PMCID: PMC10418980 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241512382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Current cancer therapies focus on reducing immunosuppression and remodeling the tumor microenvironment to inhibit metastasis, cancer progression, and therapeutic resistance. Programmed death receptor 1 (PD-1) is expressed on immune T cells and is one of the so-called checkpoint proteins that can suppress or stop the immune response. To evade the immune system, cancer cells overexpress a PD-1 inhibitor protein (PD-L1), which binds to the surface of T cells to activate signaling pathways that induce immune suppression. This research aimed to synthesize PD-L1 inhibitory peptides (PD-L1-i) labeled with lutetium-177 (177Lu-DOTA-PD-L1-i) and actinium-225 (225Ac-HEHA-PD-L1-i) and to preclinically evaluate their potential as radiopharmaceuticals for targeted radiotherapy at the tumor microenvironment level. Using PD-L1-i peptide as starting material, conjugation with HEHA-benzene-SCN and DOTA-benzene-SCN was performed to yield DOTA-PD-L1-i and HEHA-PD-L1-I, which were characterized by FT-IR, UV-vis spectroscopy, and HPLC. After labeling the conjugates with 225Ac and 177Lu, cellular uptake in HCC827 cancer cells (PD-L1 positive), conjugate specificity evaluation by immunofluorescence, radiotracer effect on cell viability, biodistribution, biokinetics, and assessment of radiation absorbed dose in mice with in duced lung micrometastases were performed. 225Ac-HEHA-PD-L1-i and 177Lu-DOTA-PD-L1-i, obtained with radiochemical purities of 95 ± 3% and 98.5 ± 0.5%, respectively, showed in vitro and in vivo specific recognition for the PD-L1 protein in lung cancer cells and high uptake in HCC287 lung micrometastases (>30% ID). The biokinetic profiles of 177Lu-DOTA-PD-L1-i and 225Ac-DOTA-PD-L1-i showed rapid blood clearance with renal and hepatobiliary elimination and no accumulation in normal tissues. 225Ac-DOTA-PD-L1-i produced a radiation dose of 5.15 mGy/MBq to lung micrometastases. In the case of 177Lu-DOTA-PD-L1-i, the radiation dose delivered to the lung micrometastases was ten times (43 mGy/MBq) that delivered to the kidneys (4.20 mGy/MBq) and fifty times that delivered to the liver (0.85 mGy/MBq). Therefore, the radiotherapeutic PD-L1-i ligands of 225Ac and 177Lu developed in this research could be combined with immunotherapy to enhance the therapeutic effect in various types of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myrna Luna-Gutiérrez
- Department of Radioactive Materials, Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Nucleares, Ocoyoacac 52750, Mexico (E.A.-V.)
| | - Pedro Cruz-Nova
- Department of Radioactive Materials, Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Nucleares, Ocoyoacac 52750, Mexico (E.A.-V.)
| | | | | | - Nancy Lara-Almazán
- Department of Radioactive Materials, Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Nucleares, Ocoyoacac 52750, Mexico (E.A.-V.)
| | - Clara Santos-Cuevas
- Department of Radioactive Materials, Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Nucleares, Ocoyoacac 52750, Mexico (E.A.-V.)
| | - Erika Azorín-Vega
- Department of Radioactive Materials, Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Nucleares, Ocoyoacac 52750, Mexico (E.A.-V.)
| | - Blanca Ocampo-García
- Department of Radioactive Materials, Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Nucleares, Ocoyoacac 52750, Mexico (E.A.-V.)
| | - Guillermina Ferro-Flores
- Department of Radioactive Materials, Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Nucleares, Ocoyoacac 52750, Mexico (E.A.-V.)
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5
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Karlsson J, Hagemann UB, Cruciani V, Schatz CA, Grant D, Ellingsen C, Kristian A, Katoozi S, Mihaylova D, Uran SR, Suominen M, Bjerke RM, Ryan OB, Cuthbertson A. Efficacy of a HER2-Targeted Thorium-227 Conjugate in a HER2-Positive Breast Cancer Bone Metastasis Model. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3419. [PMID: 37444529 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15133419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) is overexpressed in 15-30% of breast cancers but has low expression in normal tissue, making it attractive for targeted alpha therapy (TAT). HER2-positive breast cancer typically metastasizes to bone, resulting in incurable disease and significant morbidity and mortality. Therefore, new strategies for HER2-targeting therapy are needed. Here, we present the preclinical in vitro and in vivo characterization of the HER2-targeted thorium-227 conjugate (HER2-TTC) TAT in various HER2-positive cancer models. In vitro, HER2-TTC showed potent cytotoxicity in various HER2-expressing cancer cell lines and increased DNA double strand break formation and the induction of cell cycle arrest in BT-474 cells. In vivo, HER2-TTC demonstrated dose-dependent antitumor efficacy in subcutaneous xenograft models. Notably, HER2-TTC also inhibited intratibial tumor growth and tumor-induced abnormal bone formation in an intratibial BT-474 mouse model that mimics breast cancer metastasized to bone. Furthermore, a match in HER2 expression levels between primary breast tumor and matched bone metastases samples from breast cancer patients was observed. These results demonstrate proof-of-concept for TAT in the treatment of patients with HER2-positive breast cancer, including cases where the tumor has metastasized to bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny Karlsson
- Targeted Radiopharmaceuticals, Bayer AS, 0283 Oslo, Norway
| | | | | | | | - Derek Grant
- Targeted Radiopharmaceuticals, Bayer AS, 0283 Oslo, Norway
| | | | | | - Shirin Katoozi
- Targeted Radiopharmaceuticals, Bayer AS, 0283 Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Steinar R Uran
- Targeted Radiopharmaceuticals, Bayer AS, 0283 Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Roger M Bjerke
- Targeted Radiopharmaceuticals, Bayer AS, 0283 Oslo, Norway
| | - Olav B Ryan
- Targeted Radiopharmaceuticals, Bayer AS, 0283 Oslo, Norway
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6
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Lan TL, Lin CF, Lee YY, Lin KH, Chang FC, Lin SC, Lee JC, Chou FI, Peir JJ, Liu HM, Mu PF, Chen YW. Advances in Boron Neutron Capture Therapy (BNCT) for Recurrent Intracranial Meningioma. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24. [PMID: 36902408 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Meningiomas are the most frequently diagnosed primary intracranial tumors in adults. Surgical resection is preferred if the meningioma is accessible; for those that are not suitable for surgical resection, radiotherapy should be considered to improve local tumor control. However, recurrent meningiomas are challenging to treat, as the recurrent tumor might be located in the previously irradiated area. Boron Neutron Capture Therapy (BNCT) is a highly selective radiotherapy modality in which the cytotoxic effect focuses mainly on cells with increased uptake of boron-containing drugs. In this article, we describe four patients with recurrent meningiomas treated with BNCT in Taiwan. The mean boron-containing drug tumor-to-normal tissue uptake ratio was 4.125, and the tumor mean dose was 29.414 GyE, received via BNCT. The treatment response showed two stable diseases, one partial response, and one complete response. We also introduce and support the effectiveness and safety of BNCT as an alternative salvage treatment for recurrent meningiomas.
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7
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Ni Y. An emerging technique for the dual‑targeting chemo‑radio‑ablation of generic micro‑cancers in conjunction with cancer liquid biopsy. Oncol Rep 2023; 49:35. [PMID: 36579662 DOI: 10.3892/or.2022.8472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer liquid biopsy (CLB) aims for the detection of circulating tumor cells, cell‑free DNA or RNA, and specifically expressed proteins, lipids and metabolites present in the bio‑fluids of patients. Rapid advances in technologies for sampling such bio‑specimens and for genomic sequencing have fostered the development of authority‑approved CLB tests in clinical practice for the early screening and diagnosis of malignancies. However, perhaps some solid tumors could have been reliably detected using CLB, while they were still too small to be found in patients using currently available imaging technologies. This could impose troublesome clinical scenarios. In this communication article, the author would like to propose a potential solution that eventually may be used to combat such unwanted embarrassing clinical issues by using one episode of targeted radiotheragnostics, namely OncoCiDia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yicheng Ni
- Theragnostic Laboratory, Department of Imaging and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Biomedical Group, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
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8
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Pallares RM, Abergel RJ. Development of radiopharmaceuticals for targeted alpha therapy: Where do we stand? Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:1020188. [PMID: 36619636 PMCID: PMC9812962 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.1020188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Targeted alpha therapy is an oncological treatment, where cytotoxic doses of alpha radiation are locally delivered to tumor cells, while the surrounding healthy tissue is minimally affected. This therapeutic strategy relies on radiopharmaceuticals made of medically relevant radionuclides chelated by ligands, and conjugated to targeting vectors, which promote the drug accumulation in tumor sites. This review discusses the state-of-the-art in the development of radiopharmaceuticals for targeted alpha therapy, breaking down their key structural components, such as radioisotope, targeting vector, and delivery formulation, and analyzing their pros and cons. Moreover, we discuss current drawbacks that are holding back targeted alpha therapy in the clinic, and identify ongoing strategies in field to overcome those issues, including radioisotope encapsulation in nanoformulations to prevent the release of the daughters. Lastly, we critically discuss potential opportunities the field holds, which may contribute to targeted alpha therapy becoming a gold standard treatment in oncology in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger M. Pallares
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Sciences Division, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Rebecca J. Abergel
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Sciences Division, Berkeley, CA, United States,Department of Nuclear Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States,*Correspondence: Rebecca J. Abergel,
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9
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Galbiati A, Zana A, Bocci M, Millul J, Elsayed A, Mock J, Neri D, Cazzamalli S. A Dimeric FAP-Targeting Small-Molecule Radioconjugate with High and Prolonged Tumor Uptake. J Nucl Med 2022; 63:1852-1858. [PMID: 35589404 PMCID: PMC9730928 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.122.264036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Imaging procedures based on small-molecule radioconjugates targeting fibroblast activation protein (FAP) have recently emerged as a powerful tool for the diagnosis of a wide variety of tumors. However, the therapeutic potential of radiolabeled FAP-targeting agents is limited by their short residence time in neoplastic lesions. In this work, we present the development and in vivo characterization of BiOncoFAP, a new dimeric FAP-binding motif with an extended tumor residence time and favorable tumor-to-organ ratio. Methods: The binding properties of BiOncoFAP and its monovalent OncoFAP analog were assayed against recombinant human FAP. Preclinical experiments with 177Lu-OncoFAP-DOTAGA (177Lu-OncoFAP) and 177Lu-BiOncoFAP-DOTAGA (177Lu-BiOncoFAP) were performed on mice bearing FAP-positive HT-1080 tumors. Results: OncoFAP and BiOncoFAP displayed comparable subnanomolar dissociation constants toward recombinant human FAP in solution, but the bivalent BiOncoFAP bound more avidly to the target immobilized on solid supports. In a comparative biodistribution study, 177Lu-BiOncoFAP exhibited a more stable and prolonged tumor uptake than 177Lu-OncoFAP (∼20 vs. ∼4 percentage injected dose/g, respectively, at 24 h after injection). Notably, 177Lu-BiOncoFAP showed favorable tumor-to-organ ratios with low kidney uptake. Both 177Lu-OncoFAP and 177Lu-BiOncoFAP displayed potent antitumor efficacy when administered at therapeutic doses to tumor-bearing mice. Conclusion: 177Lu-BiOncoFAP is a promising candidate for radioligand therapy of cancer, with favorable in vivo tumor-to-organ ratios, a long tumor residence time, and potent anticancer efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Galbiati
- Research and Development Department, Philochem AG, Otelfingen, Switzerland
| | - Aureliano Zana
- Research and Development Department, Philochem AG, Otelfingen, Switzerland
| | - Matilde Bocci
- Research and Development Department, Philochem AG, Otelfingen, Switzerland
| | - Jacopo Millul
- Research and Development Department, Philochem AG, Otelfingen, Switzerland
| | - Abdullah Elsayed
- Research and Development Department, Philochem AG, Otelfingen, Switzerland;,Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Zurich, Switzerland; and
| | - Jacqueline Mock
- Research and Development Department, Philochem AG, Otelfingen, Switzerland
| | - Dario Neri
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Zurich, Switzerland; and,Philogen S.p.A., Siena, Italy
| | - Samuele Cazzamalli
- Research and Development Department, Philochem AG, Otelfingen, Switzerland
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10
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Wilczyńska M, Suchmiel M, Sokołowski G, Hubalewska-Dydejczyk A, Trofimiuk-Müldner M. Disseminated medullary thyroid cancer - an alternative therapeutic approach. Endokrynol Pol 2022; 73:909-910. [PMID: 35971935 DOI: 10.5603/ep.a2022.0060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 04/18/2023]
Abstract
Not required for Clinical Vignette.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maja Wilczyńska
- Students' Scientific Group of Endocrinology at the Department of Endocrinology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Mateusz Suchmiel
- Students' Scientific Group of Endocrinology at the Department of Endocrinology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Sokołowski
- Chair and Department of Endocrinology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
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11
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von Guggenberg E, Kolenc P, Rottenburger C, Mikołajczak R, Hubalewska-Dydejczyk A. Update on Preclinical Development and Clinical Translation of Cholecystokinin-2 Receptor Targeting Radiopharmaceuticals. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:5776. [PMID: 34830930 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13225776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Peptide analogs, derived from the natural peptide hormone gastrin, are promising candidates for improving the visualization and treatment of tumors. Gastrin specifically binds to the cholecystokinin-2 receptor, a G-protein-coupled receptor expressed on the cell surface of different tumors. This enables specific targeting of tumor cells using gastrin analogs, labeled with radioisotopes. The receptor is expressed at high incidence in medullary thyroid carcinoma, a rare form of thyroid cancer lacking effective treatments at an advanced stage. Different radiolabeled gastrin analogs as well as nonpeptidic compounds targeting CCK2R have been developed. Specific modifications have been introduced in order to safely deliver the radiation to the tumor site. In this review, recent strategies applied to improve the targeting properties are described. These developments enabled the introduction of new radiolabeled peptide analogs for imaging and therapy in cancer patients. In addition to highlighting the current clinical trials, the perspectives for future applications are given. Abstract The cholecystokinin-2 receptor (CCK2R) has been a target of interest for molecular imaging and targeted radionuclide therapy for two decades. However, so far CCK2R targeted imaging and therapy has not been introduced in clinical practice. Within this review the recent radiopharmaceutical development of CCK2R targeting compounds and the ongoing clinical trials are presented. Currently, new gastrin derivatives as well as nonpeptidic substances are being developed to improve the properties for clinical use. A team of specialists from the field of radiopharmacy and nuclear medicine reviewed the available literature and summarized their own experiences in the development and clinical testing of CCK2R targeting radiopharmaceuticals. The recent clinical trials with novel radiolabeled minigastrin analogs demonstrate the potential for both applications, imaging as well as targeted radiotherapy, and reinforce the clinical applicability within a theranostic concept. The intense efforts in optimizing CCK2R targeting radiopharmaceuticals has led to new substances for clinical use, as shown in first imaging studies in patients with advanced medullary thyroid cancer. The first clinical results suggest that the wider clinical implication of CCK2R-targeted radiopharmaceuticals is reasonable.
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Li WB, Stangl S, Klapproth A, Shevtsov M, Hernandez A, Kimm MA, Schuemann J, Qiu R, Michalke B, Bernal MA, Li J, Hürkamp K, Zhang Y, Multhoff G. Application of High-Z Gold Nanoparticles in Targeted Cancer Radiotherapy-Pharmacokinetic Modeling, Monte Carlo Simulation and Radiobiological Effect Modeling. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:5370. [PMID: 34771534 PMCID: PMC8582555 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13215370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
High-Z gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) conjugated to a targeting antibody can help to improve tumor control in radiotherapy while simultaneously minimizing radiotoxicity to adjacent healthy tissue. This paper summarizes the main findings of a joint research program which applied AuNP-conjugates in preclinical modeling of radiotherapy at the Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich and Helmholtz Zentrum München. A pharmacokinetic model of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles was developed in preparation for a model simulating the uptake and distribution of AuNPs in mice. Multi-scale Monte Carlo simulations were performed on a single AuNP and multiple AuNPs in tumor cells at cellular and molecular levels to determine enhancements in the radiation dose and generation of chemical radicals in close proximity to AuNPs. A biologically based mathematical model was developed to predict the biological response of AuNPs in radiation enhancement. Although simulations of a single AuNP demonstrated a clear dose enhancement, simulations relating to the generation of chemical radicals and the induction of DNA strand breaks induced by multiple AuNPs showed only a minor dose enhancement. The differences in the simulated enhancements at molecular and cellular levels indicate that further investigations are necessary to better understand the impact of the physical, chemical, and biological parameters in preclinical experimental settings prior to a translation of these AuNPs models into targeted cancer radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Bo Li
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; (A.K.); (K.H.)
| | - Stefan Stangl
- Center for Translational Cancer Research, Technische Universität München (TranslaTUM), Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Einsteinstr. 25, 81675 Munich, Germany; (S.S.); (M.S.); (A.H.)
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Technishe Universität München (TUM), Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Ismaningerstr. 22, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Alexander Klapproth
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; (A.K.); (K.H.)
- Center for Translational Cancer Research, Technische Universität München (TranslaTUM), Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Einsteinstr. 25, 81675 Munich, Germany; (S.S.); (M.S.); (A.H.)
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Technishe Universität München (TUM), Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Ismaningerstr. 22, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Maxim Shevtsov
- Center for Translational Cancer Research, Technische Universität München (TranslaTUM), Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Einsteinstr. 25, 81675 Munich, Germany; (S.S.); (M.S.); (A.H.)
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Technishe Universität München (TUM), Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Ismaningerstr. 22, 81675 Munich, Germany
- Personalized Medicine Centre, Almazov National Medical Research Centre, 2 Akkuratova Str., 197341 Saint Petersburg, Russia
- Laboratory of Biomedical Nanotechnologies, Institute of Cytology of the Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS), Tikhoretsky Ave., 4, 194064 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Alicia Hernandez
- Center for Translational Cancer Research, Technische Universität München (TranslaTUM), Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Einsteinstr. 25, 81675 Munich, Germany; (S.S.); (M.S.); (A.H.)
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Technishe Universität München (TUM), Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Ismaningerstr. 22, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Melanie A. Kimm
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Technische Universität München (TUM), Klinikum Rechts der Isar, 81675 Munich, Germany;
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 81337 Munich, Germany;
| | - Jan Schuemann
- Physics Division, Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH) & Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA;
| | - Rui Qiu
- Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China;
| | - Bernhard Michalke
- Research Unit Analytical BioGeoChemistry, Helmholz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany;
| | - Mario A. Bernal
- Gleb Wataghin Institute of Physics, State University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-859, SP, Brazil;
| | - Junli Li
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 81337 Munich, Germany;
| | - Kerstin Hürkamp
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; (A.K.); (K.H.)
| | - Yibao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Radiation Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing 100142, China;
| | - Gabriele Multhoff
- Center for Translational Cancer Research, Technische Universität München (TranslaTUM), Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Einsteinstr. 25, 81675 Munich, Germany; (S.S.); (M.S.); (A.H.)
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Technishe Universität München (TUM), Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Ismaningerstr. 22, 81675 Munich, Germany
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Sager O, Dincoglan F, Demiral S, Beyzadeoglu M. Potential Utility of Radiopharmaceuticals in the Battle Against SARS-Cov-2 and COVID-19 Pandemic. Curr Radiopharm 2021; 15:93-95. [PMID: 34635047 DOI: 10.2174/1874471014666211011122250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, which has emerged in December 2019 in the city of Wuhan, China, has significantly affected healthcare systems and economies within a short timeframe. Treatment strategies offer alleviation of symptoms in the absence of commercially available specific antiviral agents. Within this context, the introduction of innovative therapeutic approaches against the SARS-CoV-2 virus is a critical need that should be addressed urgently. The anti-inflammatory effect of low dose irradiation has been proposed as a potential therapeutic strategy for COVID-19 pneumonia. Consideration of external beam irradiation for management of COVID-19 pneumonia has prompted the investigation of alternative methods of irradiation with potentially improved toxicity profiles. Theoretically, targeted radiotherapy may have several advantages over conventional external beam radiotherapy owing to the capability to deliver effective radiation doses without adverse irradiation effects. Since radionuclides are conjugated to targeting vectors, such as antibodies and cell surface receptor binding peptides, irradiation may be focused on targeted cells with optimal sparing of surrounding normal tissues. In the context of COVID-19 management, targeted irradiation is expected to compromise SARS-CoV-2 extracellular virions. Targeted radiotherapy may offer a viable means of combating against SARS-CoV-2 virus. There is room for improvement with the need for efficacy, feasibility, and toxicity studies. Although targeted radiotherapy itself may not achieve absolute eradication of virus or virus-infected cells, it may at least serve as a supplementary therapeutic strategy that could be utilized in combination with other antiviral treatments. Further investigations focusing on nuclear medicine, radiopharmaceuticals, and targeted radiotherapy strategies may pave the way for the development of efficacious antiviral treatments which may be utilized in the battle against the current COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omer Sager
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Health Sciences Turkey, Gulhane Faculty of Medicine, Ankara. Turkey
| | - Ferrat Dincoglan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Health Sciences Turkey, Gulhane Faculty of Medicine, Ankara. Turkey
| | - Selcuk Demiral
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Health Sciences Turkey, Gulhane Faculty of Medicine, Ankara. Turkey
| | - Murat Beyzadeoglu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Health Sciences Turkey, Gulhane Faculty of Medicine, Ankara. Turkey
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14
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Foster A, Nigam S, Tatum DS, Raphael I, Xu J, Kumar R, Plakseychuk E, Latoche JD, Vincze S, Li B, Giri R, McCarl LH, Edinger R, Ak M, Peddagangireddy V, Foley LM, Hitchens TK, Colen RR, Pollack IF, Panigrahy A, Magda D, Anderson CJ, Edwards WB, Kohanbash G. Novel theranostic agent for PET imaging and targeted radiopharmaceutical therapy of tumour-infiltrating immune cells in glioma. EBioMedicine 2021; 71:103571. [PMID: 34530385 PMCID: PMC8446777 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2021.103571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Malignant gliomas are deadly tumours with few therapeutic options. Although immunotherapy may be a promising therapeutic strategy for treating gliomas, a significant barrier is the CD11b+ tumour-associated myeloid cells (TAMCs), a heterogeneous glioma infiltrate comprising up to 40% of a glioma's cellular mass that inhibits anti-tumour T-cell function and promotes tumour progression. A theranostic approach uses a single molecule for targeted radiopharmaceutical therapy (TRT) and diagnostic imaging; however, there are few reports of theranostics targeting the tumour microenvironment. METHODS Utilizing a newly developed bifunctional chelator, Lumi804, an anti-CD11b antibody (αCD11b) was readily labelled with either Zr-89 or Lu-177, yielding functional radiolabelled conjugates for PET, SPECT, and TRT. FINDINGS 89Zr/177Lu-labeled Lumi804-αCD11b enabled non-invasive imaging of TAMCs in murine gliomas. Additionally, 177Lu-Lumi804-αCD11b treatment reduced TAMC populations in the spleen and tumour and improved the efficacy of checkpoint immunotherapy. INTERPRETATION 89Zr- and 177Lu-labeled Lumi804-αCD11b may be a promising theranostic pair for monitoring and reducing TAMCs in gliomas to improve immunotherapy responses. FUNDING A full list of funding bodies that contributed to this study can be found in the Acknowledgements section.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Foster
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Shubhanchi Nigam
- Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - David S Tatum
- Lumiphore, Inc., 600 Bancroft Way Berkeley, CA 94710, USA
| | - Itay Raphael
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Jide Xu
- Lumiphore, Inc., 600 Bancroft Way Berkeley, CA 94710, USA
| | - Rajeev Kumar
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | | | - Joseph D Latoche
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Sarah Vincze
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Bo Li
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Rajan Giri
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Lauren H McCarl
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Robert Edinger
- Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Murat Ak
- Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | | | - Lesley M Foley
- Animal Imaging Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - T Kevin Hitchens
- Animal Imaging Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; Department of Neurobiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Rivka R Colen
- Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Ian F Pollack
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Ashok Panigrahy
- Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Darren Magda
- Lumiphore, Inc., 600 Bancroft Way Berkeley, CA 94710, USA.
| | - Carolyn J Anderson
- Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; Department of Pharmacology & Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh 15213, USA; Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211 USA.
| | - W Barry Edwards
- Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA.
| | - Gary Kohanbash
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
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15
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Melo-Bernal W, Chernov G, Barboza-Flores M, Chernov V. Quantification of the radiosensitization effect of high- Znanoparticles on photon irradiated cells: combining Monte Carlo simulations and an analytical approach to the local effect model. Phys Med Biol 2021; 66. [PMID: 33915522 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6560/abfce4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
In vitroexperiments show significant reduction in the survival fraction of cells under irradiation treatments assisted with high-Znanoparticles (NPs). In order to predict the radiosensitization effect of NPs, a modification of the local effect model (LEM), in which the energy deposition from NPs is assessed by Monte Carlo (MC) radiation transport codes, has been employed in the past. In this work, a combined framework that splits the consideration of the radiosensitization effect into two steps is proposed. The first step is the evaluation of the radial dose distribution (RDD) around a single NP ionized by a photon beam with given energy spectrum using MC simulation. Thereafter, an analytical approach based of the LEM and the calculated RDD is used for evaluation of the average dose and the average number of lethal lesions in a cell target due to a set of ionized NPs. The explicit expressions were derived for the case of a spherical cell target and the RDD describing by the power law function. RDDs around gold NPs (GNPs) of different radii were simulated using the MC technique and fitted by a power law function. The fitted RDD and the derived expressions were applied for calculation of the survival curves and relative biological effectiveness of a spherical MDA-MB-231 cell loaded with GNPs and irradiated with monoenergetic photons of 10-150 keV. The proposed framework provides a practical alternative to time-consuming MC simulations, enabling the assessment of the response of cell cultures to an irradiation treatment assisted with NPs for a wide variety of cell geometries, NP distributions and irradiation schemes.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Melo-Bernal
- Departamento de Investigación en Física, Doctorado en Física Universidad de Sonora, 83000, Hermosillo, Sonora, México
| | - G Chernov
- Departamento de Física, Doctorado en Nanotecnología, Universidad de Sonora, 83000, Hermosillo, Sonora, México
| | - M Barboza-Flores
- Departamento de Investigación en Física, Universidad de Sonora, 83000, Hermosillo, Sonora, México
| | - V Chernov
- Departamento de Investigación en Física, Universidad de Sonora, 83000, Hermosillo, Sonora, México
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Zhou D, Chen H, Mpoy C, Afrin S, Rogers BE, Garbow JR, Katzenellenbogen JA, Xu J. Radiosynthesis and Evaluation of Talazoparib and Its Derivatives as PARP-1-Targeting Agents. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9050565. [PMID: 34069967 PMCID: PMC8157854 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9050565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1) is a critical enzyme in the DNA repair process and the target of several FDA-approved inhibitors. Several of these inhibitors have been radiolabeled for non-invasive imaging of PARP-1 expression or targeted radiotherapy of PARP-1 expressing tumors. In particular, derivatives of olaparib and rucaparib, which have reduced trapping potency by PARP-1 compared to talazoparib, have been radiolabeled for these purposes. Here, we report the first radiosynthesis of [18F]talazoparib and its in vitro and in vivo evaluation. Talazoparib (3a″) and its bromo- or iodo-derivatives were synthesized as racemic mixtures (3a, 3b and 3c), and these compounds exhibit high affinity to PARP-1 (Ki for talazoparib (3a″): 0.65 ± 0.07 nM; 3a: 2.37 ± 0.56 nM; 3b: 1.92 ± 0.41 nM; 3c: 1.73 ± 0.43 nM; known PARP-1 inhibitor Olaparib: 1.87 ± 0.10 nM; non-PARP-1 compound Raclopride: >20,000 nM) in a competitive binding assay using a tritium-labeled PARP-1 radioligand [3H]WC-DZ for screening. [18F]Talazoparib (3a″) was radiosynthesized via a multiple-step procedure with good radiochemical and chiral purities (98%) and high molar activity (28 GBq/μmol). The preliminary biodistribution studies in the murine PC-3 tumor model showed that [18F]talazoparib had a good level of tumor uptake that persisted for over 8 h (3.78 ± 0.55 %ID/gram at 4 h and 4.52 ± 0.32 %ID/gram at 8 h). These studies show the potential for the bromo- and iodo- derivatives for PARP-1 targeted radiotherapy studies using therapeutic radionuclides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Zhou
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Washington University in Saint Louis, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA; (H.C.); (S.A.); (J.R.G.)
- Correspondence: (D.Z.); (J.X.)
| | - Huaping Chen
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Washington University in Saint Louis, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA; (H.C.); (S.A.); (J.R.G.)
| | - Cedric Mpoy
- Department of Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine, Washington University in Saint Louis, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA; (C.M.); (B.E.R.)
| | - Sadia Afrin
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Washington University in Saint Louis, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA; (H.C.); (S.A.); (J.R.G.)
| | - Buck E. Rogers
- Department of Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine, Washington University in Saint Louis, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA; (C.M.); (B.E.R.)
| | - Joel R. Garbow
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Washington University in Saint Louis, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA; (H.C.); (S.A.); (J.R.G.)
| | - John A. Katzenellenbogen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA;
- Cancer Center at Illinois, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Jinbin Xu
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Washington University in Saint Louis, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA; (H.C.); (S.A.); (J.R.G.)
- Correspondence: (D.Z.); (J.X.)
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Abstract
Radioimmunotherapy (RIT) is FDA-approved for the clinical management of liquid malignancies, however, its use for solid malignancies remains a challenge. The putative benefit of RIT lies in selective targeting of antigens expressed on the tumor surface using monoclonal antibodies, to systemically deliver cytotoxic radionuclides. The past several decades yielded dramatic improvements in the quality, quantity, recent commercial availability of alpha-, beta- and Auger Electron-emitting therapeutic radiometals. Investigators have created new or improved existing bifunctional chelators. These bifunctional chelators bind radiometals and can be coupled to antigen-specific antibodies. In this review, we discuss approaches to develop radiometal-based RITs, including the selection of radiometals, chelators and antibody platforms (i.e. full-length, F(ab')2, Fab, minibodies, diabodies, scFv-Fc and nanobodies). We cite examples of the performance of RIT in the clinic, describe challenges to its implementation, and offer insights to address gaps toward translation.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/administration & dosage
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/therapeutic use
- Antigens, Neoplasm/immunology
- Antineoplastic Agents, Immunological/administration & dosage
- Antineoplastic Agents, Immunological/metabolism
- Antineoplastic Agents, Immunological/therapeutic use
- Chelating Agents/administration & dosage
- Chelating Agents/metabolism
- Click Chemistry
- Clinical Trials as Topic
- Dose Fractionation, Radiation
- Drug Delivery Systems
- Forecasting
- Humans
- Immunoglobulin Fab Fragments/administration & dosage
- Immunoglobulin Fab Fragments/therapeutic use
- Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin/radiotherapy
- Mice
- Molecular Targeted Therapy
- Neoplasm Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors
- Neoplasms, Experimental/diagnostic imaging
- Neoplasms, Experimental/radiotherapy
- Organ Specificity
- Precision Medicine
- Radiation Tolerance
- Radioimmunotherapy/methods
- Radiopharmaceuticals/administration & dosage
- Radiopharmaceuticals/therapeutic use
- Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/antagonists & inhibitors
- Single-Chain Antibodies/administration & dosage
- Single-Chain Antibodies/therapeutic use
- Single-Domain Antibodies/administration & dosage
- Single-Domain Antibodies/therapeutic use
- Yttrium Radioisotopes/administration & dosage
- Yttrium Radioisotopes/therapeutic use
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan M. White
- Cancer Biology Graduate Program, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201
- Department of Oncology, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, MI 48201
| | - Freddy E. Escorcia
- Molecular Imaging Branch, Radiation Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20814
| | - Nerissa T. Viola
- Department of Oncology, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, MI 48201
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18
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Klingler M, Hörmann AA, Guggenberg EV. Cholecystokinin-2 Receptor Targeting with Radiolabeled Peptides: Current Status and Future Directions. Curr Med Chem 2021; 27:7112-7132. [PMID: 32586246 DOI: 10.2174/0929867327666200625143035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Revised: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
A wide variety of radiolabeled peptide analogs for specific targeting of cholecystokinin- 2 receptors (CCK2R) has been developed in the last decades. Peptide probes based on the natural ligands Minigastrin (MG) and Cholecystokinin (CCK) have a high potential for molecular imaging and targeted radiotherapy of different human tumors, such as Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma (MTC) and Small Cell Lung Cancer (SCLC). MG analogs with high persistent uptake in CCK2R expressing tumors have been preferably used for the development of radiolabeled peptide analogs. The clinical translation of CCK2R targeting has been prevented due to high kidney uptake or low metabolic stability of the different radiopeptides developed. Great efforts in radiopharmaceutical development have been undertaken to overcome these limitations. Various modifications in the linear peptide sequence of MG have been introduced mainly with the aim to reduce kidney retention. Furthermore, improved tumor uptake could be obtained by in situ stabilization of the radiopeptide against enzymatic degradation through coinjection of peptidase inhibitors. Recent developments focusing on the stabilization of the Cterminal receptor binding sequence (Trp-Met-Asp-Phe-NH2) have led to new radiolabeled MG analogs with highly improved tumor uptake and tumor-to-kidney ratio. In this review, all the different aspects in the radiopharmaceutical development of CCK2R targeting peptide probes are covered, giving also an overview on the clinical investigations performed so far. The recent development of radiolabeled MG analogs, which are highly stabilized against enzymatic degradation in vivo, promises to have a high impact on the clinical management of patients with CCK2R expressing tumors in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian Klingler
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Medical University of Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Anton Amadeus Hörmann
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Medical University of Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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19
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Hörmann AA, Klingler M, Rezaeianpour M, Hörmann N, Gust R, Shahhosseini S, von Guggenberg E. Initial In Vitro and In Vivo Evaluation of a Novel CCK2R Targeting Peptide Analog Labeled with Lutetium-177. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25194585. [PMID: 33049999 PMCID: PMC7583830 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25194585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Targeting of cholecystokinin-2 receptor (CCK2R) expressing tumors using radiolabeled minigastrin (MG) analogs is hampered by rapid digestion of the linear peptide in vivo. In this study, a new MG analog stabilized against enzymatic degradation was investigated in preclinical studies to characterize the metabolites formed in vivo. The new MG analog DOTA-DGlu-Pro-Tyr-Gly-Trp-(N-Me)Nle-Asp-1Nal-NH2 comprising site-specific amino acid substitutions in position 2, 6 and 8 and different possible metabolites thereof were synthesized. The receptor interaction of the peptide and selected metabolites was evaluated in a CCK2R-expressing cell line. The enzymatic stability of the 177Lu-labeled peptide analog was evaluated in vitro in different media as well as in BALB/c mice up to 1 h after injection and the metabolites were identified based on radio-HPLC analysis. The new radiopeptide showed a highly increased stability in vivo with >56% intact radiopeptide in the blood of BALB/c mice 1 h after injection. High CCK2R affinity and cell uptake was confirmed only for the intact peptide, whereas enzymatic cleavage within the receptor specific C-terminal amino acid sequence resulted in complete loss of affinity and cell uptake. A favorable biodistribution profile was observed in BALB/c mice with low background activity, preferential renal excretion and prolonged uptake in CCK2R-expressing tissues. The novel stabilized MG analog shows high potential for diagnostic and therapeutic use. The radiometabolites characterized give new insights into the enzymatic degradation in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton Amadeus Hörmann
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (A.A.H.); (M.K.); (M.R.)
| | - Maximilian Klingler
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (A.A.H.); (M.K.); (M.R.)
| | - Maliheh Rezaeianpour
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (A.A.H.); (M.K.); (M.R.)
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Radiopharmacy Department, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, 1991953381 Tehran, Iran;
| | - Nikolas Hörmann
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (N.H.); (R.G.)
| | - Ronald Gust
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (N.H.); (R.G.)
| | - Soraya Shahhosseini
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Radiopharmacy Department, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, 1991953381 Tehran, Iran;
| | - Elisabeth von Guggenberg
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (A.A.H.); (M.K.); (M.R.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +43-512-504-80960
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Mowday AM, Lieuwes NG, Biemans R, Marcus D, Rezaeifar B, Reniers B, Verhaegen F, Theys J, Dubois LJ. Use of a Luciferase-Expressing Orthotopic Rat Brain Tumor Model to Optimize a Targeted Irradiation Strategy for Efficacy Testing with Temozolomide. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E1585. [PMID: 32549357 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12061585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a common and aggressive malignant brain cancer with a mean survival time of approximately 15 months after initial diagnosis. Currently, the standard-of-care (SOC) treatment for this disease consists of radiotherapy (RT) with concomitant and adjuvant temozolomide (TMZ). We sought to develop an orthotopic preclinical model of GBM and to optimize a protocol for non-invasive monitoring of tumor growth, allowing for determination of the efficacy of SOC therapy using a targeted RT strategy combined with TMZ. A strong correlation (r = 0.80) was observed between contrast-enhanced (CE)-CT-based volume quantification and bioluminescent (BLI)-integrated image intensity when monitoring tumor growth, allowing for BLI imaging as a substitute for CE-CT. An optimized parallel-opposed single-angle RT beam plan delivered on average 96% of the expected RT dose (20, 30 or 60 Gy) to the tumor. Normal tissue on the ipsilateral and contralateral sides of the brain were spared 84% and 99% of the expected dose, respectively. An increase in median survival time was demonstrated for all SOC regimens compared to untreated controls (average 5.2 days, p < 0.05), but treatment was not curative, suggesting the need for novel treatment options to increase therapeutic efficacy.
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Vaidyanathan G, Pozzi OR, Choi J, Zhao XG, Murphy S, Zalutsky MR. Labeling Monoclonal Antibody with α-emitting 211At at High Activity Levels via a Tin Precursor. Cancer Biother Radiopharm 2020; 35:511-519. [PMID: 32109139 DOI: 10.1089/cbr.2019.3204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: In a previous clinical study, the authors evaluated the potential of antitenascin C monoclonal antibody (mAb) 81C6 labeled with 211At via the prosthetic agent N-succinimidyl 3-[211At]astatobenzoate (SAB) for the treatment of primary brain tumors. Although encouraging results were obtained, labeling chemistry failed while attempting to escalate the dose to 370 MBq. The goal of the current study was to develop a revised procedure less susceptible to radiolysis-mediated effects on 211At labeling that would be suitable for use at higher activity levels of this α-emitter. Materials and Methods: Addition of N-chlorosuccinimide to the methanol used to remove the 211At from the cryotrap after bismuth target distillation was done to thwart radiolytic decomposition of reactive 211At and the tin precursor. A series of 11 reactions were performed to produce SAB at initial 211At activity levels of 0.31-2.74 GBq from 50 μg of N-succinimidyl 3-trimethylstannylbenzoate (Me-STB), which was then reacted with murine 81C6 mAb without purification of the SAB intermediate. Radiochemical purity, immunoreactive fraction, sterility, and apyrogenicity of the 211At-labeled 81C6 preparations were evaluated. Results: Murine 81C6 mAb was successfully labeled with 211At using these revised procedures with improved radiochemical yields and decreased overall synthesis time compared with the original clinical labeling procedure. Conclusions: With 2.74 GBq of 211At, it was possible to produce 1.0 GBq of 211At-labeled 81C6 with an immunoreactive fraction of 92%. These revised procedures permit production of 211At-labeled mAbs suitable for use at clinically relevant activity levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ganesan Vaidyanathan
- Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Oscar R Pozzi
- Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Jaeyeon Choi
- Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Xiao-Guang Zhao
- Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Shawn Murphy
- Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Michael R Zalutsky
- Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
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Vernuccio F, Godfrey D, Meyer M, Williamson HV, Salama JK, Niedzwiecki D, Stephens SJ, Ronald J, Palta M, Marin D. Local Tumor Control and Patient Outcome Using Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy for Hepatocellular Carcinoma: iRECIST as a Potential Substitute for Traditional Criteria. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2019; 213:1232-9. [PMID: 31613663 DOI: 10.2214/AJR.18.20842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether, compared with traditional criteria, the modified Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors version 1.1 for immune-based therapeutics (iRECIST) improves prediction of local tumor control and survival in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) treated with stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT). MATERIALS AND METHODS. Fifty-one HCC lesions (mean size, 3.1 cm) treated with SBRT in 41 patients (mean age, 67 years) were retrospectively included. Each patient underwent CT or MRI before SBRT and at least once after SBRT. Best overall response was categorized using Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors version 1.1 (RECIST 1.1), iRECIST, World Health Organization (WHO) criteria, modified Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (mRECIST), and European Association for the Study of the Liver (EASL) criteria. Lesions were then classified as local tumor control (i.e., stable disease, partial response, or complete response) or local treatment failure (i.e., progressive disease) by each tumor response criteria. Proportions of local tumor control were compared using the McNemar exact test. The 1-year overall survival was estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method. RESULTS. The median follow-up after SBRT was 21.0 months. The local tumor control rate was 94.1% (48/51) by iRECIST, 88.2% (45/51) by RECIST 1.1, 72.5% (37/51) by WHO criteria, 80.4% (41/51) by mRECIST, and 72.5% (37/51) by EASL criteria. The local tumor control rate was significantly higher according to iRECIST compared with WHO (p = 0.0010) and EASL (p = 0.0225) criteria. The 1-year survival rate for patients with local tumor control according to iRECIST (86.4%) was higher (although not statistically significant) compared with the 1-year survival rate for patients with local tumor control according to the other response criteria. CONCLUSION. iRECIST may provide more robust interpretation of HCC response after SBRT, yielding improved prediction of local tumor control and 1-year survival rates compared with traditional criteria.
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Luo D, Wang X, Zeng S, Ramamurthy G, Burda C, Basilion JP. Targeted Gold Nanocluster-Enhanced Radiotherapy of Prostate Cancer. Small 2019; 15:e1900968. [PMID: 31265213 PMCID: PMC6707872 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201900968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Revised: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
For over a hundred years, X-rays have been a main component of the radiotherapeutic approaches to treat cancer. Yet, to date, no radiosensitizer has been developed to selectively target prostate cancer. Gold has excellent X-ray absorptivity and is used as a radiotherapy enhancing material. In this work, ultrasmall Au25 nanoclusters (NCs) are developed for selective prostate cancer targeting, radiotherapy enhancement, and rapid clearance from the body. Targeted-Au25 NCs are rapidly and selectively taken up by prostate cancer in vitro and in vivo and also have fast renal clearance. When combined with X-ray irradiation of the targeted cancer tissues, radiotherapy is significantly enhanced. The selective targeting and rapid clearance of the nanoclusters may allow reductions in radiation dose, decreasing exposure to healthy tissue and making them highly attractive for clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Luo
- Department of Radiology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Xinning Wang
- Department of Radiology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Sophia Zeng
- Department of Radiology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | | | - Clemens Burda
- Department of Chemistry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - James P Basilion
- Department of Radiology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
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Ranjbar H. An analytical study of effect of the cell proliferation, half-life, and energy of radionuclides in targeted radiotherapy. J Cancer Res Ther 2019; 15:S140-S143. [PMID: 30900636 DOI: 10.4103/jcrt.jcrt_78_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Aim The treatment of the cancers is one of the most important challenges of nuclear medicine. Using targeted radiotherapy has increased the hope for the cure of the cancers. In the targeted radiotherapy, proliferations of tumor cells during radiotherapy are believed to be main reasons of treatment defeat. The aim of this work is the investigation of the cell proliferation on tumor treatment. Materials and Methods For this purpose, two scenarios were considered. The first scenario, in case of the tumor cells nonproliferation, surviving curve of irradiated cells is an exponential function of accumulated dose. The second scenario, Tumor cells proliferate exponentially with a growth constant and all tumor cells are assumed to be proliferating throughout irradiation. Results In the nonproliferation condition, the surviving fraction of tumor cells decreases with time. In the proliferation cases, at the beginning of the irradiation, the surviving fraction of cells decreases. If the remained fraction of cells is reduced sufficiently by this time, the tumor may be treated. Unless, as the dose rate continues to decrease, the proliferation exceeds from the sterilization and the tumor cell population increases. Conclusion Due to high dose-rate, the shorter decay half-life is more effective in comparison to longer ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Ranjbar
- Material and Nuclear Fuel Cycle Research School, Nuclear Science and Technology Research Institute, Tehran, Iran
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Klingler M, Summer D, Rangger C, Haubner R, Foster J, Sosabowski J, Decristoforo C, Virgolini I, von Guggenberg E. DOTA-MGS5, a New Cholecystokinin-2 Receptor-Targeting Peptide Analog with an Optimized Targeting Profile for Theranostic Use. J Nucl Med 2018; 60:1010-1016. [PMID: 30530828 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.118.221283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular imaging and targeted radiotherapy with radiolabeled cholecystokinin-2 receptor (CCK2R) targeting peptide probes holds high promise to improve the clinical management of patients with metastatic medullary thyroid carcinoma and other CCK2R-expressing malignancies. Low stability and suboptimal targeting of currently available radiolabeled peptide analogs has prompted us to seek new stabilization strategies. In this study, we present a new minigastrin analog with site-specific C-terminal modifications showing a highly optimized targeting profile. Methods: DOTA-D-Glu-Ala-Tyr-Gly-Trp-(N-Me)Nle-Asp-1-Nal-NH2 (DOTA-MGS5) radiolabeled with 111In, 68Ga, and 177Lu was evaluated in extensive in vitro stability studies. For 177Lu-DOTA-MGS5, additional metabolic studies were performed on BALB/c mice. Receptor affinity and cell uptake were studied in A431 human epidermoid carcinoma cells transfected with human CCK2R (A431-CCK2R), as well as the same cell line transfected with the empty vector (A431-mock). A431-CCK2R/A431-mock xenografted athymic BALB/c nude mice were used for biodistribution studies and small-animal SPECT/CT. Results: DOTA-MGS5 radiolabeled with 111In and 177Lu showed a highly increased stability against enzymatic degradation in different media up to 24 h of incubation. Similar results were observed for 68Ga-DOTA-MGS5 incubated up to 4 h. In the blood of mice injected with 177Lu-DOTA-MGS5, at least 70% intact radiopeptide was detected up to 1 h after injection. The unlabeled peptide and the complexes with the natural isotopes showed retained receptor affinity, and the radiopeptides showed unexpectedly high cell uptake in A431-CCK2R cells (>60% at 4 h). Regardless of the radiometal used for labeling, impressively high uptake in A431-CCK2R xenografts was found (∼20% injected activity/g 1-4 h after injection), whereas the uptake in A431-mock xenografts was negligible. Low background activity and favorable tumor-to-kidney ratios (4-6) allowed for high image contrast in small-animal SPECT/CT. Conclusion: The excellent targeting properties of DOTA-MGS5 support future clinical studies evaluating the diagnostic and therapeutic potential in patients with progressive or metastatic medullary thyroid carcinoma, as well as other advanced-stage CCK2R-expressing malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian Klingler
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria; and
| | - Dominik Summer
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria; and
| | - Christine Rangger
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria; and
| | - Roland Haubner
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria; and
| | - Julie Foster
- Centre for Molecular Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jane Sosabowski
- Centre for Molecular Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Clemens Decristoforo
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria; and
| | - Irene Virgolini
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria; and
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Amor-Coarasa A, Kelly JM, Ponnala S, Nikolopoulou A, Williams C, Babich JW. 66Ga: A Novelty or a Valuable Preclinical Screening Tool for the Design of Targeted Radiopharmaceuticals? Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23102575. [PMID: 30304795 PMCID: PMC6222850 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23102575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Revised: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging interest in extending the plasma half-life of small molecule radioligands warrants a consideration of the appropriate radionuclide for PET imaging at longer time points (>8 h). Among candidate positron-emitting radionuclides, 66Ga (t1/2 = 9.5 h, β+ = 57%) has suitable nuclear and chemical properties for the labeling and PET imaging of radioligands of this profile. We investigated the value of 66Ga to preclinical screening and the evaluation of albumin-binding PSMA-targeting small molecules. 66Ga was produced by irradiation of a natZn target. 66Ga3+ ions were separated from Zn2+ ions by an optimized UTEVA anion exchange column that retained 99.99987% of Zn2+ ions and allowed 90.2 ± 2.8% recovery of 66Ga3+. Three ligands were radiolabeled in 46.4 ± 20.5%; radiochemical yield and >90% radiochemical purity. Molar activity was 632 ± 380 MBq/µmol. Uptake in the tumor and kidneys at 1, 3, 6, and 24 h p.i. was determined by µPET/CT imaging and more completely predicted the distribution kinetics than uptake of the [68Ga]Ga-labeled ligands did. Although there are multiple challenges to the use of 66Ga for clinical PET imaging, it can be a valuable research tool for ligand screening and preclinical imaging beyond 24 h.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Amor-Coarasa
- Division of Radiopharmaceutical Sciences and MI3, Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA.
| | - James M Kelly
- Division of Radiopharmaceutical Sciences and MI3, Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA.
| | - Shashikanth Ponnala
- Division of Radiopharmaceutical Sciences and MI3, Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA.
| | - Anastasia Nikolopoulou
- Division of Radiopharmaceutical Sciences and MI3, Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA.
- Citigroup Biomedical Imaging Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA.
| | - Clarence Williams
- Division of Radiopharmaceutical Sciences and MI3, Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA.
| | - John W Babich
- Division of Radiopharmaceutical Sciences and MI3, Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA.
- Citigroup Biomedical Imaging Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA.
- Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA.
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Vaidya JS, Wenz F, Tobias JS. Trial supports targeted radiotherapy for early breast cancer but protocol still requires 3 weeks of daily therapy. BMJ Evid Based Med 2018; 23:38-39. [PMID: 29367327 DOI: 10.1136/ebmed-2017-110849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jayant S Vaidya
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, London
| | - Frederik Wenz
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Jeffrey S Tobias
- Department of Clinical Oncology, University College London, London, UK
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Ghosh S, Das T, Sarma HD, Dash A. Preparation and Evaluation of 177Lu-Labeled Gemcitabine: An Effort Toward Developing Radiolabeled Chemotherapeutics for Targeted Therapy Applications. Cancer Biother Radiopharm 2017; 32:239-246. [PMID: 28876087 DOI: 10.1089/cbr.2017.2255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Gemcitabine, a nucleoside analogue, is used as a chemotherapeutic drug for the treatment of a wide variety of cancers. Therefore, radiolabeled gemcitabine may have potential as a radiotherapeutic agent for the treatment of various types of cancers. In the present work, an attempt has been made to radiolabel gemcitabine with 177Lu and study the preliminary biological behavior of 177Lu-labeled gemcitabine in tumor-bearing animal model. EXPERIMENTAL Gemcitabine was coupled with p-NCS-benzyl-DOTA, a bifunctional chelating agent, to facilitate radiolabeling with 177Lu. The p-NCS-benzyl-DOTA-gemcitabine conjugate was radiolabeled with 177Lu, produced in-house and characterized by high-performance liquid chromatography. Tumor targeting potential of the radiolabeled agent was determined by biodistribution studies in Swiss mice bearing fibrosarcoma tumors. RESULTS 177Lu-gemcitabine was prepared with a radiochemical purity of 95.7% ± 0.3% under the optimized reaction conditions. The radiolabeled agent showed adequate in vitro stability in normal saline as well as in human blood serum. Preliminary biological studies revealed rapid and significant accumulation of the radiotracer in the tumorous lesions along with fast clearance of activity from blood and other vital organs/tissue. Although tumor uptake gradually reduced with time, tumor to blood and tumor to muscle ratios were improved due to the comparatively faster clearance of activity from the nontarget organs/tissue. CONCLUSION The present study demonstrates the preliminary potential of 177Lu-gemcitabine for targeted radiotherapy. However, further studies are warranted to assess its potential for radiotherapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhajit Ghosh
- 1 Radiopharmaceuticals Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre , Mumbai, India .,2 Homi Bhabha National Institute , Anushaktinagar, Mumbai, India
| | - Tapas Das
- 1 Radiopharmaceuticals Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre , Mumbai, India .,2 Homi Bhabha National Institute , Anushaktinagar, Mumbai, India
| | - Haladhar D Sarma
- 3 Radiation Biology and Health Sciences Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre , Mumbai, India
| | - Ashutosh Dash
- 1 Radiopharmaceuticals Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre , Mumbai, India .,2 Homi Bhabha National Institute , Anushaktinagar, Mumbai, India
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Baiu DC, Marsh IR, Boruch AE, Shahi A, Bhattacharya S, Jeffery JJ, Zhao Q, Hall LT, Weichert JP, Bednarz BP, Otto M. Targeted Molecular Radiotherapy of Pediatric Solid Tumors Using a Radioiodinated Alkyl-Phospholipid Ether Analog. J Nucl Med 2017; 59:244-250. [PMID: 28747518 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.117.193748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
External-beam radiotherapy plays a critical role in the treatment of most pediatric solid tumors. Particularly in children, achieving an optimal therapeutic index to avoid damage to normal tissue is extremely important. Consequently, in metastatic disease, the utility of external-beam radiotherapy is limited. Molecular radiotherapy with tumor-targeted radionuclides may overcome some of these challenges, but to date there exists no single cancer-selective agent capable of treating various pediatric malignancies independently of their histopathologic origin. We tested the therapeutic potential of the clinical-grade alkyl-phospholipid ether analog CLR1404, 18-(p-iodophenyl)octadecyl phosphocholine, as a scaffold for tumor-targeted radiotherapy of pediatric malignancies. Methods: Uptake of CLR1404 by pediatric solid tumor cells was tested in vitro by flow cytometry and in vivo by PET/CT imaging and dosimetry. The therapeutic potential of 131I-CLR1404 was evaluated in xenograft models. Results: In vitro, fluorescent CLR1404-BODIPY showed significant selective uptake in a variety of pediatric cancer lines compared with normal controls. In vivo tumor-targeted uptake in mouse xenograft models using 124I-CLR1404 was confirmed by imaging. Single-dose intravenous injection of 131I-CLR1404 significantly delayed tumor growth in all rodent pediatric xenograft models and extended animal survival while demonstrating a favorable side effect profile. Conclusion:131I-CLR1404 has the potential to become a tumor-targeted radiotherapeutic drug with broad applicability in pediatric oncology. Because 131I-CLR1404 has entered clinical trials in adults, our data warrant the development of pediatric clinical trials for this particularly vulnerable patient population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana C Baiu
- Department of Pediatrics, Carbone Cancer Center, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Ian R Marsh
- Department of Medical Physics, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Alexander E Boruch
- Department of Pediatrics, Carbone Cancer Center, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Ankita Shahi
- Department of Pediatrics, Carbone Cancer Center, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Saswati Bhattacharya
- Department of Pediatrics, Carbone Cancer Center, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Justin J Jeffery
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin; and
| | - Qianqian Zhao
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Lance T Hall
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin; and
| | - Jamey P Weichert
- Department of Medical Physics, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin.,Department of Radiology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin; and
| | - Bryan P Bednarz
- Department of Medical Physics, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Mario Otto
- Department of Pediatrics, Carbone Cancer Center, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
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Raghavan R, Howell RW, Zalutsky MR. A model for optimizing delivery of targeted radionuclide therapies into resection cavity margins for the treatment of primary brain cancers. Biomed Phys Eng Express 2017; 3. [PMID: 29081990 DOI: 10.1088/2057-1976/aa6db9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Radionuclides conjugated to molecules that bind specifically to cancer cells are of great interest as a means to increase the specificity of radiotherapy. Currently, the methods to disseminate these targeted radiotherapeutics have been either systemic delivery or by bolus injection into the tumor or tumor resection cavity. Herein we model a potentially more efficient method of delivery, namely pressure-driven fluid flow, called convection-enhanced delivery (CED), where a device infuses the molecules in solution (or suspension) directly into the tissue of interest. In particular, we focus on the setting of primary brain cancer after debulking surgery, where the tissue margins surrounding the surgical resection cavity are infiltrated with tumor cells and the most frequent sites of tumor recurrence. We develop the combination of fluid flow, chemical kinetics, and radiation dose models needed to examine such protocols. We focus on Auger electron-emitting radionuclides (e.g. 67Ga, 77Br, 111In, 125I, 123I, 193mPt, 195mPt) whose short range makes them ideal for targeted therapy in this setting of small foci of tumor spread within normal tissue. By solving these model equations, we confirm that a CED protocol is promising in allowing sufficient absorbed dose to destroy cancer cells with minimal absorbed dose to normal cells at clinically feasible activity levels. We also show that Auger emitters are ideal for this purpose while the longer range alpha particle emitters fail to meet criteria for effective therapy (as neither would energetic beta particle emitters). The model is used with simplified assumptions on the geometry and homogeneity of brain tissue to allow semi-analytic solutions to be displayed, and with the purpose of a first examination of this new delivery protocol proposed for radionuclide therapy. However, we emphasize that it is immediately extensible to personalized therapy treatment planning as we have previously shown for conventional CED, at the price of requiring a fully numerical computerized approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raghu Raghavan
- Therataxis, LLC, JHU Eastern Complex, Suite B305, 1101 E. 33rd St., Baltimore MD 21218, United States of America
| | - Roger W Howell
- Division of Radiation Research, Department of Radiology, New Jersey Medical School Cancer Center. Rutgers, The State Univeristy of New Jersey, 205 S. Orange Ave, Newark, NJ 07103, United States of America
| | - Michael R Zalutsky
- Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, 311 Research Drive, Durham, NC27710, United States of America
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Song L, Falzone N, Vallis KA. EGF-coated gold nanoparticles provide an efficient nano-scale delivery system for the molecular radiotherapy of EGFR-positive cancer. Int J Radiat Biol 2016; 92:716-723. [PMID: 26999580 PMCID: PMC5116916 DOI: 10.3109/09553002.2016.1145360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Revised: 11/12/2015] [Accepted: 01/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Radiolabeled antibodies and peptides hold promise for molecular radiotherapy but are often limited by a low payload resulting in inadequate delivery of radioactivity to tumour tissue and, therefore, modest therapeutic effect. We developed a facile synthetic method of radiolabeling indium-111 (111In) to epidermal growth factor (EGF)-gold nanoparticles (111In-EGF-Au NP) with a high payload. Materials and methods EGF-Au NP were prepared via an interaction between gold and the disulphide bonds of EGF and radiolabeled using 111InCl3. Targeting efficiency was investigated by quantitating internalized radioactivity and by confocal imaging following exposure of MDA-MB-468 (1.3 × 106 EGFR/cell) and MCF-7 (104 EGFR/cell) cells to Cy3-EGF-Au NP. Cytotoxicity was evaluated in clonogenic assays. Results The proportion of total administered radioactivity that was internalized by MDA-MB-468 and MCF-7 cells was 15% and 1.3%, respectively (mixing ratio of EGF:Au of 160). This differential uptake in the two cell lines was confirmed using confocal microscopy. 111In-EGF-Au NP were significantly more radiotoxic to MDA-MB-468 than MCF-7 cells with a surviving fraction of 17.1 ± 4.4% versus 89.8 ± 1.4% (p < 0.001) after exposure for 4 h. Conclusions An 111In-labeled EGF-Au nanosystem was developed. It enabled targeted delivery of a high 111In payload specifically to EGFR-positive cancer cells leading to radiotoxicity that can be exploited for molecularly targeted radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Song
- CR-UK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford,
Oxford,
UK
| | - Nadia Falzone
- CR-UK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford,
Oxford,
UK
- Department of Biomedical Science, Tshwane University of Technology,
Pretoria,
South Africa
| | - Katherine A. Vallis
- CR-UK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford,
Oxford,
UK
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Shao H, Zhang J, Sun Z, Chen F, Dai X, Li Y, Ni Y, Xu K. Necrosis targeted radiotherapy with iodine-131-labeled hypericin to improve anticancer efficacy of vascular disrupting treatment in rabbit VX2 tumor models. Oncotarget 2016; 6:14247-59. [PMID: 26036625 PMCID: PMC4546464 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2014] [Accepted: 03/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
A viable rim of tumor cells surrounding central necrosis always exists and leads to tumor recurrence after vascular disrupting treatment (VDT). A novel necrosis targeted radiotherapy (NTRT) using iodine-131-labeled hypericin (131I-Hyp) was specifically designed to treat viable tumor rim and improve tumor control after VDT in rabbit models of multifocal VX2 tumors. NTRT was administered 24 hours after VDT. Tumor growth was significantly slowed down by NTRT with a smaller tumor volume and a prolonged tumor doubling time (14.4 vs. 5.7 days), as followed by in vivo magnetic resonance imaging over 12 days. The viable tumor rims were well inhibited in NTRT group compared with single VDT control group, as showed on tumor cross sections at day 12 (1 vs. 3.7 in area). High targetability of 131I-Hyp to tumor necrosis was demonstrated by in vivo SPECT as high uptake in tumor regions lasting over 9 days with 4.26 to 98 times higher radioactivity for necrosis versus the viable tumor and other organs by gamma counting, and with ratios of 7.7-11.7 and 10.5-13.7 for necrosis over peri-tumor tissue by autoradiography and fluorescence microscopy, respectively. In conclusion, NTRT improved the anticancer efficacy of VDT in rabbits with VX2 tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haibo Shao
- Department of Radiology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Laboratory of Translational Medicine, Jiangsu Provincial Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Ziping Sun
- Radiation Medical Institute, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Feng Chen
- Department of Imaging & Pathology, Theragnostic Laboratory, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Xu Dai
- Department of Radiology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yaming Li
- Department of Radiology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yicheng Ni
- Department of Radiology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Laboratory of Translational Medicine, Jiangsu Provincial Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.,Radiation Medical Institute, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China.,Department of Imaging & Pathology, Theragnostic Laboratory, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ke Xu
- Department of Radiology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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Falzone N, Fernández-Varea JM, Flux G, Vallis KA. Monte Carlo Evaluation of Auger Electron-Emitting Theranostic Radionuclides. J Nucl Med 2015; 56:1441-6. [PMID: 26205298 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.114.153502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2014] [Accepted: 07/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Several radionuclides used in medical imaging emit Auger electrons, which, depending on the targeting strategy, either may be exploited for therapeutic purposes or may contribute to an unintentional mean absorbed dose burden. In this study, the virtues of 12 Auger electron-emitting radionuclides were evaluated in terms of cellular S values in concentric and eccentric cell-nucleus arrangements and by comparing their dose-point kernels. METHODS The Monte Carlo code PENELOPE was used to transport the full particulate spectrum of (67)Ga, (80m)Br, (89)Zr, (90)Nb, (99m)Tc, (111)In, (117m)Sn, (119)Sb, (123)I, (125)I, (195m)Pt, and (201)Tl by means of event-by-event simulations. Cellular S values were calculated for varying cell and nucleus radii, and the effects of cell eccentricity on S values were evaluated. Dose-point kernels were determined up to 30 μm. Energy deposition at DNA scales was also compared with an α emitter, (223)Ra. RESULTS PENELOPE-determined S values were generally within 10% of MIRD values when the source and target regions strongly overlapped, that is, S(nucleus←nucleus) configurations, but greater differences were noted for S(nucleus←cytoplasm) and S(nucleus←cell surface) configurations. Cell eccentricity had the greatest effect when the nucleus was small, compared with the cell size, and when the radiation sources were on the cell surface. Dose-point kernels taken together with the energy spectra of the radionuclides can account for some of the differences in energy deposition patterns between the radionuclides. The energy deposition of most Auger electron emitters at DNA scales of 2 nm or less exceeded that of a monoenergetic 5.77-MeV α particle, but not for (223)Ra. CONCLUSION A single-cell dosimetric approach is required to evaluate the efficacy of individual radionuclides for theranostic purposes, taking cell geometry into account, with internalizing and noninternalizing targeting strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Falzone
- Department of Oncology, CR-UK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom Department of Biomedical Science, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria, South Africa
| | | | - Glenn Flux
- Physics Department, Royal Marsden NHSFT, Sutton, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Katherine A Vallis
- Department of Oncology, CR-UK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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Abstract
Various quantitative and semi-quantitative imaging biomarkers have been identified that may serve as valid surrogates for the risk of recurrence after radiotherapy. Tumour characteristics, such as hypoxia, vascularity, cellular proliferation and clonogen density, can be geographically mapped using biological imaging techniques. The potential gains in therapeutic ratio from the precision targeting of areas of intrinsic resistance makes focused dose escalation an exciting field of study. This overview will explore the issues surrounding biologically optimised radiotherapy, including its requirements, feasibility, technical considerations and potential applicability.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Alonzi
- Mount Vernon Cancer Centre, Northwood, UK.
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Lohrmann C, Zhang H, Thorek DLJ, Desai P, Zanzonico PB, O'Donoghue J, Irwin CP, Reiner T, Grimm J, Weber WA. Cerenkov Luminescence Imaging for Radiation Dose Calculation of a ⁹⁰Y-Labeled Gastrin-Releasing Peptide Receptor Antagonist. J Nucl Med 2015; 56:805-11. [PMID: 25840974 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.114.149054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2014] [Accepted: 02/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED (90)Y has been used to label various new therapeutic radiopharmaceuticals. However, measuring the radiation dose delivered by (90)Y is challenging because of the absence of suitable γ emissions and its low abundance of positron emissions. For the treatment of prostate cancer, radiolabeled gastrin-releasing peptide receptor (GRPr) antagonists have yielded promising results in mouse models. In this study, we evaluated whether Cerenkov luminescence imaging (CLI) could be used to determine radiation doses of a (90)Y-labeled GRPr antagonist in nude mice. METHODS Mice bearing subcutaneous prostate cancer xenografts were injected with 0.74-18.5 MBq of the (90)Y-labeled GRPr antagonist DOTA-AR and underwent in vivo and ex vivo CLI at 1-48 h after injection. After imaging, animals were sacrificed, their tumors and organs were harvested, and the activity concentration was measured by liquid scintillation counting. In a second set of experiments, Cerenkov photon counts for tumor and kidney on in vivo CLI were converted to activity concentrations using conversion factors determined from the first set of experiments. RESULTS (90)Y-DOTA-AR concentration in the 3 tumor models ranged from 0.5% to 4.8% of the injected activity per gram at 1 h after injection and decreased to 0.05%-0.15 injected activity per gram by 48 h after injection. A positive correlation was found between tumor activity concentrations and in vivo CLI signal (r(2) = 0.94). A similar correlation was found for the renal activity concentration and in vivo Cerenkov luminescence (r(2) = 0.98). Other organs were not distinctly visualized on the in vivo images, but ex vivo CLI was also correlated with the radioactivity concentration (r(2) = 0.35-0.94). Using the time-activity curves from the second experiment, we calculated radiation doses to tumor and kidney of 0.33 ± 0.12 (range, 0.21-0.66) and 0.06 ± 0.01 (range, 0.05-0.08) Gy/MBq, respectively. CONCLUSION CLI is a promising, low-cost modality to measure individual radiation doses of (90)Y-labeled compounds noninvasively. The use of Cerenkov imaging is expected to facilitate the development and comparison of (90)Y-labeled compounds for targeted radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Lohrmann
- Molecular Imaging and Therapy Service, Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Hanwen Zhang
- Radiochemistry and Imaging Sciences Service, Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Daniel L J Thorek
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Pooja Desai
- Radiochemistry and Imaging Sciences Service, Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Pat B Zanzonico
- Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York; and
| | - Joseph O'Donoghue
- Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York; and
| | - Christopher P Irwin
- Radiochemistry and Imaging Sciences Service, Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Thomas Reiner
- Radiochemistry and Imaging Sciences Service, Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Jan Grimm
- Molecular Imaging and Therapy Service, Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York Molecular Pharmacology and Chemistry Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Wolfgang A Weber
- Molecular Imaging and Therapy Service, Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York Molecular Pharmacology and Chemistry Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
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Ezziddin S, Sabet A, Logvinski T, Alkawaldeh K, Yong-Hing CJ, Ahmadzadehfar H, Grünwald F, Biersack HJ. Long-term outcome and toxicity after dose-intensified treatment with 131I-MIBG for advanced metastatic carcinoid tumors. J Nucl Med 2013; 54:2032-8. [PMID: 24101685 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.112.119313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Reported experience with systemic (131)I-metaiodobenzylguanidine ((131)I-MIBG) therapy of neuroendocrine tumors comprises different dosing schemes. The aim of this study was to assess the long-term outcome and toxicity of treatment with 11.1 GBq (300 mCi) of (131)I-MIBG per cycle. METHODS We performed a retrospective review of 31 patients with advanced metastatic neuroendocrine tumors (20 with carcinoid tumors and 11 with other tumors) treated with (131)I-MIBG. Treatment outcome was analyzed for patients with carcinoid tumors (the most common tumors in this study), and toxicity was analyzed for the entire patient cohort (n = 31). Treatment comprised 11.1 GBq (300 mCi) per course and minimum intervals of 3 mo. The radiographic response was classified according to modified Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors. Toxicity was determined according to Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (version 3.0) for all laboratory data at regular follow-up visits and during outpatient care, including complete blood counts and hepatic and renal function tests. Survival analysis was performed with the Kaplan-Meier curve method (log rank test; P < 0.05). RESULTS The radiographic responses in patients with carcinoid tumors comprised a minor response in 2 patients (10%), stable disease in 16 patients (80%; median time to progression, 34 mo), and progressive disease in 2 patients (10%). The symptomatic responses in patients with functioning carcinoid tumors comprised complete resolution in 3 of the 11 evaluable symptomatic patients (27%), partial resolution in 6 patients (55%), and no significant change in 11 patients. The median overall survival in patients with carcinoid tumors was 47 mo (95% confidence interval, 32-62), and the median progression-free survival was 34 mo (95% confidence interval, 13-55). Relevant treatment toxicities were confined to transient myelosuppression of grade 3 or 4 in 15.3% (leukopenia) and 7.6% (thrombocytopenia) of applied cycles and a suspected late adverse event (3% of patients), myelodysplastic syndrome, after a cumulative administered activity of 66.6 GBq. The most frequent nonhematologic side effect was mild nausea (grade 1 or 2), which was observed in 28% of administered cycles. No hepatic or renal toxicities were noted. CONCLUSION Dose-intensified treatment with (131)I-MIBG at a fixed dose of 11.1 GBq (300 mCi) per cycle is safe and offers effective palliation of symptoms and disease stabilization in patients with advanced carcinoid tumors. The favorable survival and limited toxicity suggest that high cycle activities are suitable and that this modality may be used for targeted carcinoid treatment--either as an alternative or as an adjunct to other existing therapeutic options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samer Ezziddin
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital, Bonn, Germany
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Jackson MR, Falzone N, Vallis KA. Advances in anticancer radiopharmaceuticals. Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol) 2013; 25:604-9. [PMID: 23870756 DOI: 10.1016/j.clon.2013.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2013] [Revised: 05/16/2013] [Accepted: 06/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
This review highlights recent progress in the development of anticancer radiopharmaceuticals. Molecularly targeted radiotherapy refers to the selective delivery of radionuclides that emit charged particles, such as α particles, β or Auger electrons, to cancer cells via a targeting vector. The discovery of new molecular targets through systems biology and other approaches has widened the scope for radiopharmaceutical development. Innovations in antibody engineering and humanisation, recombinant DNA technology, conjugation chemistry and, increasingly, nanotechnology have provided new approaches to the delivery of radionuclides to cancer cells. The increased availability of radioisotopes that have not traditionally been considered for therapy, such as α particle emitters, has also broadened the indications for targeted radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- M R Jackson
- CR-UK/MRC Gray Institute for Radiation Oncology and Biology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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Abstract
UNLABELLED Targeted radiotherapy is a potentially useful treatment for some cancers and may be potentiated by bystander effects. However, without estimation of absorbed dose, it is difficult to compare the effects with conventional external radiation treatment. METHODS Using the Vynckier - Wambersie dose point kernel, a model for dose rate evaluation was created allowing for calculation of absorbed dose values to two cell lines transfected with the noradrenaline transporter (NAT) gene and treated with [(131)I]MIBG. RESULTS The mean doses required to decrease surviving fractions of UVW/NAT and EJ138/NAT cells, which received medium from [(131)I]MIBG-treated cells, to 25 - 30% were 1.6 and 1.7 Gy respectively. The maximum mean dose rates achieved during [(131)I]MIBG treatment were 0.09 - 0.75 Gy/h for UVW/NAT and 0.07 - 0.78 Gy/h for EJ138/NAT. These were significantly lower than the external beam gamma radiation dose rate of 15 Gy/h. In the case of control lines which were incapable of [(131)I]MIBG uptake the mean absorbed doses following radiopharmaceutical were 0.03 - 0.23 Gy for UVW and 0.03 - 0.32 Gy for EJ138. CONCLUSION [(131)I]MIBG treatment for ICCM production elicited a bystander dose-response profile similar to that generated by external beam gamma irradiation but with significantly greater cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- M D Gow
- Medical Physics and Applied Radiation Sciences Department, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada L8S 4K1
| | - C B Seymour
- Medical Physics and Applied Radiation Sciences Department, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada L8S 4K1
| | - M Boyd
- Targeted Therapy Group, Division of Cancer Science and Molecular Pathology, Glasgow University, Cancer Research United Kingdom Beatson Laboratories, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - R J Mairs
- Targeted Therapy Group, Division of Cancer Science and Molecular Pathology, Glasgow University, Cancer Research United Kingdom Beatson Laboratories, Glasgow, United Kingdom; ; Department of Child Health, Yorkhill Hospital, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - W V Prestiwch
- Medical Physics and Applied Radiation Sciences Department, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada L8S 4K1
| | - C E Mothersill
- Medical Physics and Applied Radiation Sciences Department, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada L8S 4K1
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Abstract
The 7.2-h half life radiohalogen (211)At offers many potential advantages for targeted α-particle therapy; however, its use for this purpose is constrained by its limited availability. Astatine-211 can be produced in reasonable yield from natural bismuth targets via the (209)Bi(α,2n)(211)At nuclear reaction utilizing straightforward methods. There is some debate as to the best incident α-particle energy for maximizing 211At production while minimizing production of (210)At, which is problematic because of its 138.4-day half life α-particle emitting daughter, (210)Po. The intrinsic cost for producing (211)At is reasonably modest and comparable to that of commercially available (123)I. The major impediment to (211)At availability is attributed to the need for a medium energy α-particle beam for its production. On the other hand, there are about 30 cyclotrons in the world that have the beam characteristics required for (211)At production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael R Zalutsky
- Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710 USA.
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Abstract
This review describes strategies for the delivery of therapeutic radionuclides to tumor sites. Therapeutic approaches are summarized in terms of tumor location in the body, and tumor morphology. These determine the radionuclides of choice for suggested targeting ligands, and the type of delivery carriers. This review is not exhaustive in examples of radionuclide carriers for targeted cancer therapy. Our purpose is two-fold: to give an integrated picture of the general strategies and molecular constructs currently explored for the delivery of therapeutic radionuclides, and to identify challenges that need to be addressed. Internal radiotherapies for targeting of cancer are at a very exciting and creative stage. It is expected that the current emphasis on multidisciplinary approaches for exploring such therapeutic directions should enable internal radiotherapy to reach its full potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stavroula Sofou
- Laboratory for Drug Delivery Systems, Othmer-Jacobs Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Polytechnic University, Brooklyn, NY 11201, USA.
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Al-Mufti RA, Pedley RB, Marshall D, Begent RH, Hilson A, Winslet MC, Hobbs KE. In vitro assessment of Lipiodol- targeted radiotherapy for liver and colorectal cancer cell lines. Br J Cancer 1999; 79:1665-71. [PMID: 10206275 PMCID: PMC2362812 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6690266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Intra-arterial Lipiodol has been used to deliver targeted therapies to primary, and some metastatic, liver cancers. Targeted radiotherapy has been used by substituting the iodine in Lipiodol with 131Iodine (131I). Early clinical results are encouraging, but the variable response may partly depend on local pharmacokinetics. This study evaluated the in vitro cytotoxic effects of 131I-Lipiodol on human hepatocellular carcinoma (Hep-G2), human colorectal metastatic cancer (SW620), human colorectal hepatic cancer (LoVo) and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) cell lines. The cell cultures were exposed to 131I-Lipiodol for 48 h, following which cell counts and viability were assessed by haemocytometer, S-Rhodamine uptake and radioactivity assay. The effect of exposure to control Lipiodol, 131I-Lipiodol and 131I alone was evaluated. 131I-Lipiodol was cytotoxic against all the cancer cell lines but not against the non-malignant (HUVEC) cell line. The cytotoxicity effects were very similar in all the cancer cell lines. There were no cytotoxic effects following exposure to plain 131I in any of the cell lines (malignant and non-malignant). A similar trend was seen with radioactivity counts using a gamma counter. The cytotoxic effect of 131I-Lipiodol had a graded effect with an increase in cytotoxicity following the increase in the radioactive dose. This study showed that there was a marked cytotoxic effect by 131I-Lipiodol on all the cancer cell lines. There was no difference between the controls and the 131Iodine. This suggests that effective 131I-Lipiodol targeted therapy is dependent on the uptake and retention of Lipiodol by malignant cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- R A Al-Mufti
- Department of Surgery, Royal Free Hospital, London, UK
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