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Adamska JM, Leftheriotis S, Bosma R, Vischer HF, Leurs R. Multiplex Detection of Fluorescent Chemokine Binding to CXC Chemokine Receptors by NanoBRET. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5018. [PMID: 38732237 PMCID: PMC11084278 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25095018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
NanoLuc-mediated bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (NanoBRET) has gained popularity for its ability to homogenously measure ligand binding to G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), including the subfamily of chemokine receptors. These receptors, such as ACKR3, CXCR4, CXCR3, play a crucial role in the regulation of the immune system, are associated with inflammatory diseases and cancer, and are seen as promising drug targets. The aim of this study was to optimize NanoBRET-based ligand binding to NLuc-ACKR3 and NLuc-CXCR4 using different fluorescently labeled chemokine CXCL12 analogs and their use in a multiplex NanoBRET binding assay of two chemokine receptors at the same time. The four fluorescent CXCL12 analogs (CXCL12-AZD488, -AZD546, -AZD594, -AZD647) showed high-affinity saturable binding to both NLuc-ACKR3 and NLuc-CXCR4, with relatively low levels of non-specific binding. Additionally, the binding of all AZDye-labeled CXCL12s to Nluc receptors was inhibited by pharmacologically relevant unlabeled chemokines and small molecules. The NanoBRET binding assay for CXCL10-AZD488 binding to Nluc-CXCR3 was also successfully established and successfully employed for the simultaneous measurement of the binding of unlabeled small molecules to NLuc-CXCR3 and NLuc-CXCR4. In conclusion, multiplexing the NanoBRET-based competition binding assay is a promising tool for testing unlabeled (small) molecules against multiple GPCRs simultaneously.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Rob Leurs
- Amsterdam Institute of Molecular and Life Sciences, Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1083, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands (S.L.); (H.F.V.)
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2
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Adamczuk K, Ngo TH, Czapiński J, Rivero-Müller A. Glycoprotein-glycoprotein Receptor Binding Detection Using Bioluminescence Resonance Energy Transfer. Endocrinology 2024; 165:bqae052. [PMID: 38679471 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqae052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
The glycoprotein receptors, members of the large G protein-coupled receptor family, are characterized by a large extracellular domains responsible for binding their glycoprotein hormones. Hormone-receptor interactions are traditionally analyzed by ligand-binding assays, most often using radiolabeling but also by thermal shift assays. Despite their high sensitivity, these assays require appropriate laboratory conditions and, often, purified plasma cell membranes, which do not provide information on receptor localization or activity because the assays typically focus on measuring binding only. Here, we apply bioluminescence resonance energy transfer in living cells to determine hormone-receptor interactions between a Gaussia luciferase (Gluc)-luteinizing hormone/chorionic gonadotropin receptor (LHCGR) fusion and its ligands (human chorionic gonadotropin or LH) fused to the enhanced green fluorescent protein. The Gluc-LHCGR, as well as other Gluc-G protein-coupled receptors such as the somatostatin and the C-X-C motif chemokine receptors, is expressed on the plasma membrane, where luminescence activity is equal to membrane receptor expression, and is fully functional. The chimeric enhanced green fluorescent protein-ligands are properly secreted from cells and able to bind and activate the wild-type LHCGR as well as the Gluc-LHCGR. Finally, bioluminescence resonance energy transfer was used to determine the interactions between clinically relevant mutations of the hormones and the LHCGR that show that this bioassay provides a fast and effective, safe, and cost-efficient tool to assist the molecular characterization of mutations in either the receptor or ligand and that it is compatible with downstream cellular assays to determine receptor activation/function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamila Adamczuk
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Thu Ha Ngo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Jakub Czapiński
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Adolfo Rivero-Müller
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
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3
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Columbus J, Turbyville T. Studying RAS Interactions in Live Cells with BRET. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2797:253-260. [PMID: 38570465 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3822-4_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET) is a valuable technique for studying protein-protein interactions (PPIs) within live cells (Pfleger and Eidne, Nat Methods 3:165-174, 2006). Among the various BRET methodologies, a recent addition called NanoBRET has emerged, leveraging advancements in donor and acceptor technologies (Machleidt and Woodroofe, ACS Chem Biol 10:1797-1804, 2015). In this study, we present a developed methodology designed to measure PPIs involving the RAS protein family and their effectors and interactors at the plasma membrane. By utilizing the NanoLuc and HaloTag BRET pair, we provide evidence of a saturable interaction between KRAS4b-G12D and full-length RAF1. Conversely, the RAF1 R89L mutant, known to impede RAF1 binding to active RAS, exhibits nonspecific interactions. The assay exhibits remarkable signal-to-background ratios and is highly suitable for investigating the interactions of RAS with effectors, as well as for high-throughput screening assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Columbus
- NCI RAS Initiative, Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Thomas Turbyville
- NCI RAS Initiative, Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA.
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Martín-Sánchez F, Peñín-Franch A, Angosto-Bazarra D, Tapia-Abellán A, Compan V, Pelegrín P. Measuring NLR Oligomerization III: Detection of NLRP3 and NLRC4 Complex by Bioluminescence Resonance Energy Transfer. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2696:93-103. [PMID: 37578717 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3350-2_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
Bioluminescent resonance energy transfer (BRET) is a natural phenomenon resulting from a non-radiative energy transfer between a bioluminescent donor (Renilla luciferase) and a fluorescent protein acceptor. BRET signal is dependent on the distance and the orientation between the donor and the acceptor and could be used to study protein-protein interactions and conformational changes within proteins at real-time in living cells. This protocol describes the use of BRET technique to study NLRP3 oligomerization in living cells before and during NLRP3 inflammasome activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fátima Martín-Sánchez
- Inflammation and Experimental Surgery Unit, Institute for Bio-Health Research of Murcia, Clinical University Hospital Virgen de la Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Vincent Compan
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, Labex ICST, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5203, Université Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unité 1191, Montpellier, France
| | - Pablo Pelegrín
- Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia, Murcia, Spain.
- Department of Bioquimestry and Molecular Biology B and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain.
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Szewczyk MM, Owens DDG, Barsyte-Lovejoy D. Measuring Protein-Protein Interactions in Cells using Nanoluciferase Bioluminescence Resonance Energy Transfer (NanoBRET) Assay. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2706:137-148. [PMID: 37558946 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3397-7_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
Protein-protein interactions (PPIs) are increasingly recognized for their roles in functional cellular networks and their importance in disease-targeting contexts. Assessing PPI in the native cellular environment is challenging and requires specific and quantitative methods. Bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET) is a biophysical process that can be used to quantify PPI. With Nanoluciferase bioluminescent protein as a donor and a fluorescent chloroalkane ligand covalently bound to HaloTag protein as an acceptor, NanoBRET provides a versatile and robust system to quantitatively measure PPI in living cells. BRET efficiency is proportional to the distance between the donor and acceptor, allowing for the measurement of PPI in real time. In this paper, we describe the use of NanoBRET to study specific interactions between proteins of interest in living cells that can be perturbed by using small-molecule antagonists and genetic mutations. Here, we provide a detailed protocol for expressing NanoLuc and HaloTag fusion proteins in cell culture and the necessary optimization of NanoBRET assay conditions. Our example results demonstrate the reliability and sensitivity of NanoBRET for measuring interactions between proteins, protein domains, and short peptides and quantitating the PPI antagonist compound activity in living cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dominic D G Owens
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Dalia Barsyte-Lovejoy
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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Pétigny C, Dumont AA, Giguère H, Collette A, Holleran BJ, Iftinca M, Altier C, Besserer-Offroy É, Auger-Messier M, Leduc R. Monitoring TRPC7 Conformational Changes by BRET Following GPCR Activation. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23052502. [PMID: 35269644 PMCID: PMC8910688 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23052502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Transient receptor potential canonical (TRPC) channels are membrane proteins involved in regulating Ca2+ homeostasis, and whose functions are modulated by G protein-coupled receptors (GPCR). In this study, we developed bioluminescent resonance energy transfer (BRET) biosensors to better study channel conformational changes following receptor activation. For this study, two intramolecular biosensors, GFP10-TRPC7-RLucII and RLucII-TRPC7-GFP10, were constructed and were assessed following the activation of various GPCRs. We first transiently expressed receptors and the biosensors in HEK293 cells, and BRET levels were measured following agonist stimulation of GPCRs. The activation of GPCRs that engage Gαq led to a Gαq-dependent BRET response of the functional TRPC7 biosensor. Focusing on the Angiotensin II type-1 receptor (AT1R), GFP10-TRPC7-RLucII was tested in rat neonatal cardiac fibroblasts, expressing endogenous AT1R and TRPC7. We detected similar BRET responses in these cells, thus validating the use of the biosensor in physiological conditions. Taken together, our results suggest that activation of Gαq-coupled receptors induce conformational changes in a novel and functional TRPC7 BRET biosensor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cécile Pétigny
- Department of Pharmacology-Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada; (C.P.); (A.C.); (B.J.H.)
- Institut de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada; (A.-A.D.); (H.G.); (M.A.-M.)
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Audrey-Ann Dumont
- Institut de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada; (A.-A.D.); (H.G.); (M.A.-M.)
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Hugo Giguère
- Institut de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada; (A.-A.D.); (H.G.); (M.A.-M.)
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Audrey Collette
- Department of Pharmacology-Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada; (C.P.); (A.C.); (B.J.H.)
- Institut de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada; (A.-A.D.); (H.G.); (M.A.-M.)
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Brian J. Holleran
- Department of Pharmacology-Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada; (C.P.); (A.C.); (B.J.H.)
- Institut de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada; (A.-A.D.); (H.G.); (M.A.-M.)
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Mircea Iftinca
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Inflammation Research Network-Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases and Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada; (M.I.); (C.A.)
| | - Christophe Altier
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Inflammation Research Network-Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases and Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada; (M.I.); (C.A.)
| | - Élie Besserer-Offroy
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, Ahmanson Translational Theranostics Division, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA;
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- California NanoSystems Institute, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Mannix Auger-Messier
- Institut de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada; (A.-A.D.); (H.G.); (M.A.-M.)
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Richard Leduc
- Department of Pharmacology-Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada; (C.P.); (A.C.); (B.J.H.)
- Institut de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada; (A.-A.D.); (H.G.); (M.A.-M.)
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada
- Correspondence:
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Fernández LR, Mild J, Edreira MM. Screening of Protein-Protein Interaction Modulators Using BRET-Based Technology. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2525:173-183. [PMID: 35836067 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2473-9_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Protein-protein interactions (PPIs) play central roles in most molecular mechanisms underlying cellular and biological processes. Within the methods developed to study PPIs is bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET). Taking advantage of this technique, we have set a BRET-based assay that enables the screening of modulators of essential PPIs for Trypanosoma cruzi survival. Considering the complexity of the evaluated mixture, pure chemical compounds or natural extracts, two approaches are described, BRET in living cells or from lysates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia R Fernández
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Unidad de Microanálisis y Métodos Físicos Aplicados a la Química Orgánica (UMYMFOR), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Jesica Mild
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Química Biológica, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Martin M Edreira
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Química Biológica, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
- CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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8
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Mujawar A, De A. In Vivo Assessment of Protein-Protein Interactions Using BRET Assay. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2525:239-257. [PMID: 35836073 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2473-9_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Proteins play an important part in almost all life activities and across all organisms. Proteins occasionally act on their own but rather fulfill most of their biological tasks by cooperating with other proteins or ligand molecules. The bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET) assay serves to measure dynamic events such as protein-protein or protein-ligand interactions in vitro or in-vivo. With several inherent attributes such as rapid and fairly sensitive ratio-metric measurements, assessment of interactions irrespective of protein location within the cellular compartment, cost-effectiveness consenting to high-throughput screening compatibility, makes BRET a popular genetic reporter-based assay system for protein-protein interaction (PPI) studies. Based on the Förster principle, BRET allows to judge if the proximity has been achieved between the interacting partners. In recent years, the BRET application has emerged as a significantly versatile assay format by using multiple detection devices such as a plate reader or in-vivo optical imaging platform, or even a bioluminescence microscope has expanded its scope for advancing PPI studies. Beyond the scope of quantitative measurement of PPIs, molecular optical imaging applications based on BRET assay have expanded the scope for screening pharmacological compounds by unifying live cell and in-vivo animal-/plant-based experiments using the same platform technology. In this chapter, we have given intricate methodological details for performing in-vitro and in-vivo BRET experiments, primarily by using donor/acceptor reporter protein combinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaiyas Mujawar
- Molecular Functional Imaging Lab, ACTREC, Tata Memorial Centre, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Abhijit De
- Molecular Functional Imaging Lab, ACTREC, Tata Memorial Centre, Navi Mumbai, India.
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El Khamlichi C, Cobret L, Arrang JM, Morisset-Lopez S. BRET Analysis of GPCR Dimers in Neurons and Non-Neuronal Cells: Evidence for Inactive, Agonist, and Constitutive Conformations. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221910638. [PMID: 34638980 PMCID: PMC8508734 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are dimeric proteins, but the functional consequences of the process are still debated. Active GPCR conformations are promoted either by agonists or constitutive activity. Inverse agonists decrease constitutive activity by promoting inactive conformations. The histamine H3 receptor (H3R) is the target of choice for the study of GPCRs because it displays high constitutive activity. Here, we study the dimerization of recombinant and brain H3R and explore the effects of H3R ligands of different intrinsic efficacy on dimerization. Co-immunoprecipitations and Western blots showed that H3R dimers co-exist with monomers in transfected HEK 293 cells and in rodent brains. Bioluminescence energy transfer (BRET) analysis confirmed the existence of spontaneous H3R dimers, not only in living HEK 293 cells but also in transfected cortical neurons. In both cells, agonists and constitutive activity of the H3R decreased BRET signals, whereas inverse agonists and GTPγS, which promote inactive conformations, increased BRET signals. These findings show the existence of spontaneous H3R dimers not only in heterologous systems but also in native tissues, which are able to adopt a number of allosteric conformations, from more inactive to more active states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chayma El Khamlichi
- Centre de Biophysique Moléculaire, CNRS UPR 4301, Université d’Orléans, Rue Charles Sadron, CEDEX 2, 45071 Orléans, France; (C.E.K.); (L.C.)
| | - Laetitia Cobret
- Centre de Biophysique Moléculaire, CNRS UPR 4301, Université d’Orléans, Rue Charles Sadron, CEDEX 2, 45071 Orléans, France; (C.E.K.); (L.C.)
| | - Jean-Michel Arrang
- Centre de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, 2 ter Rue d’Alésia, 75014 Paris, France;
- Institut de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences de Paris, UMR_S1266 INSERM, Université Paris Descartes, 102 Rue de la Santé, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Séverine Morisset-Lopez
- Centre de Biophysique Moléculaire, CNRS UPR 4301, Université d’Orléans, Rue Charles Sadron, CEDEX 2, 45071 Orléans, France; (C.E.K.); (L.C.)
- Institut de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences de Paris, UMR_S1266 INSERM, Université Paris Descartes, 102 Rue de la Santé, 75014 Paris, France
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-238257858
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10
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Durrant DE, Smith EA, Goncharova EI, Sharma N, Alexander PA, Stephen AG, Henrich CJ, Morrison DK. Development of a High-throughput NanoBRET Screening Platform to Identify Modulators of the RAS/RAF Interaction. Mol Cancer Ther 2021; 20:1743-1754. [PMID: 34158349 PMCID: PMC8419108 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-21-0175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Activating mutations in RAS are found in approximately 30% of human cancers, resulting in the delivery of a persistent signal to critical downstream effectors that drive tumorigenesis. RAS-driven malignancies respond poorly to conventional cancer treatments and inhibitors that target RAS directly are limited; therefore, the identification of new strategies and/or drugs to disrupt RAS signaling in tumor cells remains a pressing therapeutic need. Taking advantage of the live-cell bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET) methodology, we describe the development of a NanoBRET screening platform to identify compounds that modulate binding between activated KRAS and the CRAF kinase, an essential effector of RAS that initiates ERK cascade signaling. Using this strategy, libraries containing synthetic compounds, targeted inhibitors, purified natural products, and natural product extracts were evaluated. These efforts resulted in the identification of compounds that inhibit RAS/RAF binding and in turn suppress RAS-driven ERK activation, but also compounds that have the deleterious effect of enhancing the interaction to upregulate pathway signaling. Among the inhibitor hits identified, the majority were compounds derived from natural products, including ones reported to alter KRAS nanoclustering (ophiobolin A), to impact RAF function (HSP90 inhibitors and ROS inducers) as well as some with unknown targets and activities. These findings demonstrate the potential for this screening platform in natural product drug discovery and in the development of new therapeutic agents to target dysregulated RAS signaling in human disease states such as cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- David E Durrant
- Laboratory of Cell and Developmental Signaling, NCI, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Emily A Smith
- Molecular Targets Program, Center of Cancer Research, NCI, Frederick, Maryland
- Basic Research Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick, Maryland
| | - Ekaterina I Goncharova
- Molecular Targets Program, Center of Cancer Research, NCI, Frederick, Maryland
- Biomedical Informatics and Data Science Directorate, NCI, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Nirmala Sharma
- Molecular Targets Program, Center of Cancer Research, NCI, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Patrick A Alexander
- NCI RAS Initiative, Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick, Maryland
| | - Andrew G Stephen
- NCI RAS Initiative, Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick, Maryland
| | - Curtis J Henrich
- Molecular Targets Program, Center of Cancer Research, NCI, Frederick, Maryland.
- Basic Research Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick, Maryland
| | - Deborah K Morrison
- Laboratory of Cell and Developmental Signaling, NCI, Frederick, Maryland.
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Suchankova A, Harris M, Ladds G. Measuring the rapid kinetics of receptor-ligand interactions in live cells using NanoBRET. Methods Cell Biol 2021; 166:1-14. [PMID: 34752328 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mcb.2021.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The importance of receptor-ligand binding kinetics has often been overlooked during drug development, however, over the past decade it has become increasingly clear that a better understanding of the kinetic parameters is crucial for fully evaluating pharmacological effects of a drug. One technique enabling us to measure the real-time kinetics of receptor-ligand interactions in live cells is NanoBRET, which is a bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET)-based assay that uses Nano luciferase. The assay described here allows the measurement of kinetic parameters of a fluorescent ligand and an unlabeled ligand binding to the same place at the receptor, as well as monitoring the effects of another compound like an allosteric modulator on the ligand binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Suchankova
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew Harris
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Graham Ladds
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
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Killoran MP, Levin S, Boursier ME, Zimmerman K, Hurst R, Hall MP, Machleidt T, Kirkland TA, Friedman Ohana R. An Integrated Approach toward NanoBRET Tracers for Analysis of GPCR Ligand Engagement. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26102857. [PMID: 34065854 PMCID: PMC8151276 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26102857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Gaining insight into the pharmacology of ligand engagement with G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) under biologically relevant conditions is vital to both drug discovery and basic research. NanoLuc-based bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (NanoBRET) monitoring competitive binding between fluorescent tracers and unmodified test compounds has emerged as a robust and sensitive method to quantify ligand engagement with specific GPCRs genetically fused to NanoLuc luciferase or the luminogenic HiBiT peptide. However, development of fluorescent tracers is often challenging and remains the principal bottleneck for this approach. One way to alleviate the burden of developing a specific tracer for each receptor is using promiscuous tracers, which is made possible by the intrinsic specificity of BRET. Here, we devised an integrated tracer discovery workflow that couples machine learning-guided in silico screening for scaffolds displaying promiscuous binding to GPCRs with a blend of synthetic strategies to rapidly generate multiple tracer candidates. Subsequently, these candidates were evaluated for binding in a NanoBRET ligand-engagement screen across a library of HiBiT-tagged GPCRs. Employing this workflow, we generated several promiscuous fluorescent tracers that can effectively engage multiple GPCRs, demonstrating the efficiency of this approach. We believe that this workflow has the potential to accelerate discovery of NanoBRET fluorescent tracers for GPCRs and other target classes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael P. Killoran
- Promega Corporation, 2800 Woods Hollow, Fitchburg, WI 53711, USA; (M.P.K.); (M.E.B.); (K.Z.); (R.H.); (M.P.H.); (T.M.)
| | - Sergiy Levin
- Promega Biosciences LLC, 277 Granada Drive, San Luis Obispo, CA 93401, USA; (S.L.); (T.A.K.)
| | - Michelle E. Boursier
- Promega Corporation, 2800 Woods Hollow, Fitchburg, WI 53711, USA; (M.P.K.); (M.E.B.); (K.Z.); (R.H.); (M.P.H.); (T.M.)
| | - Kristopher Zimmerman
- Promega Corporation, 2800 Woods Hollow, Fitchburg, WI 53711, USA; (M.P.K.); (M.E.B.); (K.Z.); (R.H.); (M.P.H.); (T.M.)
| | - Robin Hurst
- Promega Corporation, 2800 Woods Hollow, Fitchburg, WI 53711, USA; (M.P.K.); (M.E.B.); (K.Z.); (R.H.); (M.P.H.); (T.M.)
| | - Mary P. Hall
- Promega Corporation, 2800 Woods Hollow, Fitchburg, WI 53711, USA; (M.P.K.); (M.E.B.); (K.Z.); (R.H.); (M.P.H.); (T.M.)
| | - Thomas Machleidt
- Promega Corporation, 2800 Woods Hollow, Fitchburg, WI 53711, USA; (M.P.K.); (M.E.B.); (K.Z.); (R.H.); (M.P.H.); (T.M.)
| | - Thomas A. Kirkland
- Promega Biosciences LLC, 277 Granada Drive, San Luis Obispo, CA 93401, USA; (S.L.); (T.A.K.)
| | - Rachel Friedman Ohana
- Promega Corporation, 2800 Woods Hollow, Fitchburg, WI 53711, USA; (M.P.K.); (M.E.B.); (K.Z.); (R.H.); (M.P.H.); (T.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-608-274-1181
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Abstract
Quantitative measurement of receptor signaling by different ligands is important for understanding the mechanism of drug action and screening of drugs. Here, we describe a simple and cost-effective method of measuring adenylyl cyclase inhibition, one of the hallmarks of opioid receptor activation. The assay is based on bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET) that involves transfection of a biosensor in human embryonic kidney (HEK)-293 cells stably transfected with μ-opioid receptor (μ receptor), enabling real-time measurement of cAMP levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Preeti Manandhar
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Shivani Sachdev
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Marina Santiago
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
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14
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Johnstone EKM, See HB, Abhayawardana RS, Song A, Rosengren KJ, Hill SJ, Pfleger KDG. Investigation of Receptor Heteromers Using NanoBRET Ligand Binding. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:1082. [PMID: 33499147 PMCID: PMC7866079 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22031082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Receptor heteromerization is the formation of a complex involving at least two different receptors with pharmacology that is distinct from that exhibited by its constituent receptor units. Detection of these complexes and monitoring their pharmacology is crucial for understanding how receptors function. The Receptor-Heteromer Investigation Technology (Receptor-HIT) utilizes ligand-dependent modulation of interactions between receptors and specific biomolecules for the detection and profiling of heteromer complexes. Previously, the interacting biomolecules used in Receptor-HIT assays have been intracellular proteins, however in this study we have for the first time used bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET) with fluorescently-labeled ligands to investigate heteromerization of receptors on the cell surface. Using the Receptor-HIT ligand binding assay with NanoBRET, we have successfully investigated heteromers between the angiotensin II type 1 (AT1) receptor and the β2 adrenergic receptor (AT1-β2AR heteromer), as well as between the AT1 and angiotensin II type 2 receptor (AT1-AT2 heteromer).
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth K. M. Johnstone
- Molecular Endocrinology and Pharmacology Group, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia; (H.B.S.); (R.S.A.); (S.J.H.)
- Centre for Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre for Personalised Therapeutics Technologies, Canberra, NSW 2609, Australia
| | - Heng B. See
- Molecular Endocrinology and Pharmacology Group, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia; (H.B.S.); (R.S.A.); (S.J.H.)
- Centre for Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre for Personalised Therapeutics Technologies, Canberra, NSW 2609, Australia
| | - Rekhati S. Abhayawardana
- Molecular Endocrinology and Pharmacology Group, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia; (H.B.S.); (R.S.A.); (S.J.H.)
- Centre for Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre for Personalised Therapeutics Technologies, Canberra, NSW 2609, Australia
| | - Angela Song
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia; (A.S.); (K.J.R.)
| | - K. Johan Rosengren
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia; (A.S.); (K.J.R.)
| | - Stephen J. Hill
- Molecular Endocrinology and Pharmacology Group, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia; (H.B.S.); (R.S.A.); (S.J.H.)
- Centre for Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
- Division of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham Medical School, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK
- Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors, University of Nottingham, Midlands NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Kevin D. G. Pfleger
- Molecular Endocrinology and Pharmacology Group, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia; (H.B.S.); (R.S.A.); (S.J.H.)
- Centre for Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre for Personalised Therapeutics Technologies, Canberra, NSW 2609, Australia
- Dimerix Limited, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
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15
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Tóth AD, Garger D, Prokop S, Soltész-Katona E, Várnai P, Balla A, Turu G, Hunyady L. A general method for quantifying ligand binding to unmodified receptors using Gaussia luciferase. J Biol Chem 2021; 296:100366. [PMID: 33545176 PMCID: PMC7950324 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.100366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Reliable measurement of ligand binding to cell surface receptors is of outstanding biological and pharmacological importance. Resonance energy transfer-based assays are powerful approaches to achieve this goal, but the currently available methods are hindered by the necessity of receptor tagging, which can potentially alter ligand binding properties. Therefore, we developed a tag-free system to measure ligand‒receptor interactions in live cells using the Gaussia luciferase (GLuc) as a bioluminescence resonance energy transfer donor. GLuc is as small as the commonly applied Nanoluciferase but has enhanced brightness, and its proper substrate is the frequently used coelenterazine. In our assay, bystander bioluminescence resonance energy transfer is detected between a GLuc-based extracellular surface biosensor and fluorescent ligands bound to their unmodified receptors. The broad spectrum of applications includes equilibrium and kinetic ligand binding measurements for both labeled and competitive unlabeled ligands, and the assay can be utilized for different classes of plasma membrane receptors. Furthermore, the assay is suitable for high-throughput screening, as evidenced by the identification of novel α1 adrenergic receptor ligands. Our data demonstrate that GLuc-based biosensors provide a simple, sensitive, and cost-efficient platform for drug characterization and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- András Dávid Tóth
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; MTA-SE Laboratory of Molecular Physiology, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, Budapest, Hungary; Department of Internal Medicine and Hematology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Dániel Garger
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Susanne Prokop
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; Szentágothai János Doctoral School of Neuroscience, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Eszter Soltész-Katona
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; MTA-SE Laboratory of Molecular Physiology, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Péter Várnai
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; MTA-SE Laboratory of Molecular Physiology, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, Budapest, Hungary
| | - András Balla
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; MTA-SE Laboratory of Molecular Physiology, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gábor Turu
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; MTA-SE Laboratory of Molecular Physiology, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, Budapest, Hungary
| | - László Hunyady
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; MTA-SE Laboratory of Molecular Physiology, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, Budapest, Hungary.
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16
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Maziarz M, Park JC, Leyme A, Marivin A, Garcia-Lopez A, Patel PP, Garcia-Marcos M. Revealing the Activity of Trimeric G-proteins in Live Cells with a Versatile Biosensor Design. Cell 2020; 182:770-785.e16. [PMID: 32634377 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2020.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Heterotrimeric G-proteins (Gαβγ) are the main transducers of signals from GPCRs, mediating the action of countless natural stimuli and therapeutic agents. However, there are currently no robust approaches to directly measure the activity of endogenous G-proteins in cells. Here, we describe a suite of optical biosensors that detect endogenous active G-proteins with sub-second resolution in live cells. Using a modular design principle, we developed genetically encoded, unimolecular biosensors for endogenous Gα-GTP and free Gβγ: the two active species of heterotrimeric G-proteins. This design was leveraged to generate biosensors with specificity for different heterotrimeric G-proteins or for other G-proteins, such as Rho GTPases. Versatility was further validated by implementing the biosensors in multiple contexts, from characterizing cancer-associated G-protein mutants to neurotransmitter signaling in primary neurons. Overall, the versatile biosensor design introduced here enables studying the activity of endogenous G-proteins in live cells with high fidelity, temporal resolution, and convenience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Maziarz
- Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Jong-Chan Park
- Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Anthony Leyme
- Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Arthur Marivin
- Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Alberto Garcia-Lopez
- Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Prachi P Patel
- Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Mikel Garcia-Marcos
- Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA.
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17
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Parag-Sharma K, O’Banion CP, Henry EC, Musicant AM, Cleveland JL, Lawrence DS, Amelio AL. Engineered BRET-Based Biologic Light Sources Enable Spatiotemporal Control over Diverse Optogenetic Systems. ACS Synth Biol 2020; 9:1-9. [PMID: 31834783 PMCID: PMC7875091 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.9b00277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Light-inducible optogenetic systems offer precise spatiotemporal control over a myriad of biologic processes. Unfortunately, current systems are inherently limited by their dependence on external light sources for their activation. Further, the utility of laser/LED-based illumination strategies are often constrained by the need for invasive surgical procedures to deliver such devices and local heat production, photobleaching and phototoxicity that compromises cell and tissue viability. To overcome these limitations, we developed a novel BRET-activated optogenetics (BEACON) system that employs biologic light to control optogenetic tools. BEACON is driven by self-illuminating bioluminescent-fluorescent proteins that generate "spectrally tuned" biologic light via bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET). Notably, BEACON robustly activates a variety of commonly used optogenetic systems in a spatially restricted fashion, and at physiologically relevant time scales, to levels that are achieved by conventional laser/LED light sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kshitij Parag-Sharma
- Graduate Curriculum in Cell Biology and Physiology, Biological and Biomedical Sciences Program, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Colin P. O’Banion
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
- Neuronal Signal Transduction, Max Planck Florida Institute for Neuroscience, Jupiter, Florida 33458, United States
| | - Erin C. Henry
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
- Division of Oral and Craniofacial Health Sciences, UNC Adams School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Adele M. Musicant
- Graduate Curriculum in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Biological and Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - John L. Cleveland
- Department of Tumor Biology, Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida 33612, United States
| | - David S. Lawrence
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
- Molecular Therapeutics Program, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Antonio L. Amelio
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
- Cancer Cell Biology Program, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
- Biomedical Research Imaging Center, UNC School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
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18
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Mocking TAM, Buzink MCML, Leurs R, Vischer HF. Bioluminescence Resonance Energy Transfer Based G Protein-Activation Assay to Probe Duration of Antagonism at the Histamine H 3 Receptor. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20153724. [PMID: 31366084 PMCID: PMC6695674 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20153724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Revised: 07/27/2019] [Accepted: 07/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Duration of receptor antagonism, measured as the recovery of agonist responsiveness, is gaining attention as a method to evaluate the 'effective' target-residence for antagonists. These functional assays might be a good alternative for kinetic binding assays in competition with radiolabeled or fluorescent ligands, as they are performed on intact cells and better reflect consequences of dynamic cellular processes on duration of receptor antagonism. Here, we used a bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET)-based assay that monitors heterotrimeric G protein activation via scavenging of released Venus-Gβ1γ2 by NanoLuc (Nluc)-tagged membrane-associated-C-terminal fragment of G protein-coupled receptor kinase 3 (masGRK3ct-Nluc) as a tool to probe duration of G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) antagonism. The Gαi-coupled histamine H3 receptor (H3R) was used in this study as prolonged antagonism is associated with adverse events (e.g., insomnia) and consequently, short-residence time ligands might be preferred. Due to its fast and prolonged response, this assay can be used to determine the duration of functional antagonism by measuring the recovery of agonist responsiveness upon washout of pre-bound antagonist, and to assess antagonist re-equilibration time via Schild-plot analysis. Re-equilibration of pre-incubated antagonist with agonist and receptor could be followed in time to monitor the transition from insurmountable to surmountable antagonism. The BRET-based G protein activation assay can detect differences in the recovery of H3R responsiveness and re-equilibration of pre-bound antagonists between the tested H3R antagonists. Fast dissociation kinetics were observed for marketed drug pitolisant (Wakix®) in this assay, which suggests that short residence time might be beneficial for therapeutic targeting of the H3R.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara A M Mocking
- Amsterdam Institute for Molecules, Medicines and Systems (AIMMS), Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Maurice C M L Buzink
- Amsterdam Institute for Molecules, Medicines and Systems (AIMMS), Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rob Leurs
- Amsterdam Institute for Molecules, Medicines and Systems (AIMMS), Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Henry F Vischer
- Amsterdam Institute for Molecules, Medicines and Systems (AIMMS), Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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19
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Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are the target for many drugs. Evidence continues to accumulate demonstrating that multiple receptors form homo- and heteromeric complexes, which in turn dynamically couple with G proteins, and other interacting proteins. Here, we describe a method to simultaneously determine the identity of up to four distinct constituents of GPCR complexes using a combination of sequential bioluminescence resonance energy transfer 2-fluorescence resonance energy transfer (SRET2) with bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC). The method is amenable to moderate throughput screening of changes in response to ligands and time-course analysis of protein-protein oligomerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amina M Bagher
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, King AbdulAziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Melanie E M Kelly
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
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20
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Abstract
β-Arrestins are adaptors that regulate the signaling and trafficking of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). Bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET) is a sensitive and versatile method for real-time monitoring of protein-protein interactions and protein kinesis within live cells, such as the recruitment of β-arrestins to activated receptors at the plasma membrane (PM) and the trafficking of GPCR/β-arrestin complexes to endosomes. Trafficking of receptor/β-arrestin complexes can be assessed by BRET through tagging β-arrestins with the donor luciferase from Renilla reniformis (Rluc) and anchoring the acceptor green fluorescent protein from the same species (rGFP) in distinct cell compartments (e.g., PM or endosomes) to generate highly efficient bystander BRET (referred to as enhanced bystander BRET (EbBRET)) upon re-localization of β-arrestins to these compartments following receptor activation. Here, we outline the protocol for quantitatively monitoring β-arrestin recruitment to agonist-activated Angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1R) and β2-adrenergic receptor (β2AR) at the PM and the trafficking of receptor/β-arrestin complexes into endosomes using EbBRET-based biosensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yubo Cao
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Yoon Namkung
- Department of Medicine, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center (RI-MUHC), McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Stéphane A Laporte
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada.
- Department of Medicine, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center (RI-MUHC), McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada.
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada.
- RI-MUHC/Glen Site, Montréal, QC, Canada.
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21
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O'Brien SL, Johnstone EKM, Devost D, Conroy J, Reichelt ME, Purdue BW, Ayoub MA, Kawai T, Inoue A, Eguchi S, Hébert TE, Pfleger KDG, Thomas WG. BRET-based assay to monitor EGFR transactivation by the AT 1R reveals G q/11 protein-independent activation and AT 1R-EGFR complexes. Biochem Pharmacol 2018; 158:232-242. [PMID: 30347205 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2018.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The type 1 angiotensin II (AngII) receptor (AT1R) transactivates the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), which leads to pathological remodeling of heart, blood vessels and kidney. End-point assays are used as surrogates of EGFR activation, however these downstream readouts are not applicable to live cells, in real-time. Herein, we report the use of a bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET)-based assay to assess recruitment of the EGFR adaptor protein, growth factor receptor-bound protein 2 (Grb2), to the EGFR. In a variety of cell lines, both epidermal growth factor (EGF) and AngII stimulated Grb2 recruitment to EGFR. The BRET assay was used to screen a panel of 9 G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) and further developed for other EGFR family members (HER2 and HER3); the AT1R was able to transactivate HER2, but not HER3. Mechanistically, AT1R-mediated ERK1/2 activation was dependent on Gq/11 and EGFR tyrosine kinase activity, whereas the recruitment of Grb2 to the EGFR was independent of Gq/11 and only partially dependent on EGFR tyrosine kinase activity. This Gq/11 independence of EGFR transactivation was confirmed using AT1R mutants and in CRISPR cell lines lacking Gq/11. EGFR transactivation was also apparently independent of β-arrestins. Finally, we used additional BRET-based assays and confocal microscopy to provide evidence that both AngII- and EGF-stimulation promoted AT1R-EGFR heteromerization. In summary, we report an alternative approach to monitoring AT1R-EGFR transactivation in live cells, which provides a more direct and proximal view of this process, including the potential for complexes between the AT1R and EGFR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon L O'Brien
- Receptor Biology Group, The School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, St Lucia 4072, Queensland, Australia
| | - Elizabeth K M Johnstone
- Molecular Endocrinology and Pharmacology, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands and Centre for Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - Dominic Devost
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Jacinta Conroy
- Receptor Biology Group, The School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, St Lucia 4072, Queensland, Australia
| | - Melissa E Reichelt
- Receptor Biology Group, The School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, St Lucia 4072, Queensland, Australia
| | - Brooke W Purdue
- Receptor Biology Group, The School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, St Lucia 4072, Queensland, Australia
| | - Mohammed A Ayoub
- Molecular Endocrinology and Pharmacology, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands and Centre for Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - Tatsuo Kawai
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, Department of Physiology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Asuka Inoue
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578, Japan
| | - Satoru Eguchi
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, Department of Physiology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Terence E Hébert
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Kevin D G Pfleger
- Molecular Endocrinology and Pharmacology, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands and Centre for Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia; Dimerix Limited, Nedlands, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - Walter G Thomas
- Receptor Biology Group, The School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, St Lucia 4072, Queensland, Australia; Centre for Cardiac and Vasculature Biology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia 4072, Queensland, Australia.
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22
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Valkovic AL, Leckey MB, Whitehead AR, Hossain MA, Inoue A, Kocan M, Bathgate RAD. Real-time examination of cAMP activity at relaxin family peptide receptors using a BRET-based biosensor. Pharmacol Res Perspect 2018; 6:e00432. [PMID: 30263124 PMCID: PMC6153321 DOI: 10.1002/prp2.432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Relaxin family peptide (RXFPs) 1-4 receptors modulate the activity of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) to produce a range of physiological functions. RXFP1 and RXFP2 increase cAMP via Gαs, whereas RXFP3 and RXFP4 inhibit cAMP via Gαi/o. RXFP1 also shows a delayed increase in cAMP downstream of Gαi3. In this study we have assessed whether the bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET)-based biosensor CAMYEL (cAMP sensor using YFP-Epac-Rluc), which allows real-time measurement of cAMP activity in live cells, will aid in understanding ligand- and cell-specific RXFP signaling. CAMYEL detected concentration-dependent changes in cAMP activity at RXFP1-4 in recombinant cell lines, using a variety of ligands with potencies comparable to those seen in conventional cAMP assays. We used RXFP2 and RXFP3 antagonists to demonstrate that CAMYEL detects dynamic changes in cAMP by reversing cAMP activation or inhibition respectively, with real-time addition of antagonist after agonist stimulation. To demonstrate the utility of CAMYEL to detect cAMP activation in native cells expressing low levels of RXFP receptor, we cloned CAMYEL into a lentiviral vector and transduced THP-1 cells, which express low levels of RXFP1. THP-1 CAMYEL cells demonstrated robust cAMP activation in response to relaxin. However, the CAMYEL assay was unable to detect the Gαi3-mediated phase of RXFP1 cAMP activation in PTX-treated THP-1 cells or HEK293A cells with knockout of Gαs. Our data demonstrate that cytoplasmically-expressed CAMYEL efficiently detects real-time cAMP activation by Gαs or inhibition by Gαi/o but may not detect cAMP generated in specific intracellular compartments such as that generated by Gαi3 upon RXFP1 activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam L. Valkovic
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental HealthThe University of MelbourneParkvilleVictoriaAustralia
| | - Miranda B. Leckey
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental HealthThe University of MelbourneParkvilleVictoriaAustralia
| | - Alice R. Whitehead
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental HealthThe University of MelbourneParkvilleVictoriaAustralia
| | - Mohammed A. Hossain
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental HealthThe University of MelbourneParkvilleVictoriaAustralia
| | - Asuka Inoue
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical SciencesTohoku UniversityAobaMiyagiJapan
| | - Martina Kocan
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental HealthThe University of MelbourneParkvilleVictoriaAustralia
| | - Ross A. D. Bathgate
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental HealthThe University of MelbourneParkvilleVictoriaAustralia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyThe University of MelbourneParkvilleVictoriaAustralia
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23
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Abstract
In recent years, considerable efforts have been done to better understand the peculiar emission properties of upconverting materials due to their widespread applications in different and important technological fields such as upconversion-based photoactivated cancer therapies, photoactivated drug-delivery, magnetic resonance imaging contrast agents, bioimaging. However, one of the most promising applications of upconverting materials concerns the field of sensing, due to their unique emission properties. In fact, the minimal autofluorescence, blinking, photo-bleaching, and high photostability makes them an excellent alternative to organic dyes or quantum dots. This article reviews the state-of-the-art, design, and sensing strategies of upconversion-based sensing platforms, with special attention to upconverting nanoparticles, as well as how the incorporation of these materials into pre-existing diagnostic tests and bioassays have improved their capabilities for the detection of different kinds of analytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Mendez-Gonzalez
- Department of Physical Chemistry II, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, Plaza Ramon y Cajal, Madrid 28040, Spain
| | - Enrique Lopez-Cabarcos
- Department of Physical Chemistry II, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, Plaza Ramon y Cajal, Madrid 28040, Spain
| | - Jorge Rubio-Retama
- Department of Physical Chemistry II, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, Plaza Ramon y Cajal, Madrid 28040, Spain
| | - Marco Laurenti
- Department of Physical Chemistry II, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, Plaza Ramon y Cajal, Madrid 28040, Spain.
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24
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Abstract
Heterotrimeric G proteins are central hubs of signal transduction whose activity is controlled by G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) as well as by a complex network of regulatory proteins. Recently, bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET)-based assays have been used to monitor real-time activation of heterotrimeric G proteins in cells. Here we describe the use of a previously established BRET assay to monitor G protein activation upon GPCR stimulation and its adaptation to measure G protein activation by non-GPCR proteins, such as by cytoplasmic guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) like GIV/Girdin. The BRET assay monitors the release of free Gβγ from Gα-Gβγ heterotrimers as a readout of G protein activation, which is readily observable upon agonist stimulation of GPCRs. To control the signal input for non-GPCR activators, we describe the use of a chemically induced dimerization strategy to promote rapid membrane translocation of proteins containing the Gα-binding and -activating (GBA) motif found in some nonreceptor GEFs. The assay described here allows the kinetic measurement of G protein activation with subsecond temporal resolution and to compare the levels of activation induced by GPCR agonists vs those induced by the membrane recruitment of nonreceptor G protein signaling activators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Maziarz
- Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
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25
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Alam R, Karam LM, Doane TL, Coopersmith K, Fontaine DM, Branchini BR, Maye MM. Probing Bioluminescence Resonance Energy Transfer in Quantum Rod-Luciferase Nanoconjugates. ACS Nano 2016; 10:1969-77. [PMID: 26760436 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.5b05966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
We describe the necessary design criteria to create highly efficient energy transfer conjugates containing luciferase enzymes derived from Photinus pyralis (Ppy) and semiconductor quantum rods (QRs) with rod-in-rod (r/r) microstructure. By fine-tuning the synthetic conditions, CdSe/CdS r/r-QRs were prepared with two different emission colors and three different aspect ratios (l/w) each. These were hybridized with blue, green, and red emitting Ppy, leading to a number of new BRET nanoconjugates. Measurements of the emission BRET ratio (BR) indicate that the resulting energy transfer is highly dependent on QR energy accepting properties, which include absorption, quantum yield, and optical anisotropy, as well as its morphological and topological properties, such as aspect ratio and defect concentration. The highest BR was found using r/r-QRs with lower l/w that were conjugated with red Ppy, which may be activating one of the anisotropic CdSe core energy levels. The role QR surface defects play on Ppy binding, and energy transfer was studied by growth of gold nanoparticles at the defects, which indicated that each QR set has different sites. The Ppy binding at those sites is suggested by the observed BRET red-shift as a function of Ppy-to-QR loading (L), where the lowest L results in highest efficiency and furthest shift.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rabeka Alam
- Department of Chemistry, Syracuse University , Syracuse, New York 13244, United States
| | - Liliana M Karam
- Department of Chemistry, Syracuse University , Syracuse, New York 13244, United States
| | - Tennyson L Doane
- Department of Chemistry, Syracuse University , Syracuse, New York 13244, United States
| | - Kaitlin Coopersmith
- Department of Chemistry, Syracuse University , Syracuse, New York 13244, United States
| | - Danielle M Fontaine
- Department of Chemistry, Connecticut College , New London, Connecticut 06320, United States
| | - Bruce R Branchini
- Department of Chemistry, Connecticut College , New London, Connecticut 06320, United States
| | - Mathew M Maye
- Department of Chemistry, Syracuse University , Syracuse, New York 13244, United States
- Syracuse Biomaterials Institute, Syracuse University , Syracuse, New York 13244, United States
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26
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Abstract
Bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET) is a prominent biophysical technology for monitoring molecular interactions, and has been widely used to study protein-protein interactions (PPI) in live cells. This technology requires proteins of interest to be associated with an energy donor (i.e., luciferase) and an acceptor (e.g., fluorescent protein) molecule. Upon interaction of the proteins of interest, the donor and acceptor will be brought into close proximity and energy transfer of chemical reaction-induced luminescence to its corresponding acceptor will result in an increased emission at an acceptor-defined wavelength, generating the BRET signal. We leverage the advantages of the superior optical properties of the NanoLuc(®) luciferase (NLuc) as a BRET donor coupled with Venus, a yellow fluorescent protein, as acceptor. We term this NLuc-based BRET platform "BRET(n)". BRET(n) has been demonstrated to have significantly improved assay performance, compared to previous BRET technologies, in terms of sensitivity and scalability. This chapter describes a step-by-step practical protocol for developing a BRET(n) assay in a multi-well plate format to detect PPIs in live mammalian cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiu-Lei Mo
- Department of Pharmacology and Emory Chemical Biology Discovery Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.
| | - Haian Fu
- Department of Pharmacology and Emory Chemical Biology Discovery Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology and Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
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27
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Abstract
Tumor suppressor PTEN phosphatase acts to inhibit the PI3K/AKT pathway and thus regulates cell proliferation, survival, and migration. Dysregulation of PTEN function is observed in a wide range of cancers. In addition to alterations of the PTEN gene, repression of PTEN function can also occur at the protein level through changes in PTEN conformation, localization, activity, and stability. The ability to follow switches in PTEN conformation in live cells provides a rapid approach to study changes in PTEN function and may provide a basis to screen pharmacological agents aimed at enhancing or reestablishing PTEN-dependent signaling pathways that have gone awry in cancer. Here, we describe methods to use an intramolecular bioluminescent resonance energy transfer (BRET)-based biosensor that reports dynamic signal-dependent changes in PTEN conformational rearrangement and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanislas Misticone
- Inserm, U1016, Institut Cochin, 27, Rue du Faubourg Saint Jacques, 75014, Paris, France
- CNRS, UMR8104, Paris, France
- University Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Evelyne Lima-Fernandes
- Inserm, U1016, Institut Cochin, 27, Rue du Faubourg Saint Jacques, 75014, Paris, France
- CNRS, UMR8104, Paris, France
- University Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Mark G H Scott
- Inserm, U1016, Institut Cochin, 27, Rue du Faubourg Saint Jacques, 75014, Paris, France.
- CNRS, UMR8104, Paris, France.
- University Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.
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28
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Abstract
Application of bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET) assay has been of special value in measuring dynamic events such as protein-protein interactions (PPIs) in vitro or in vivo. It was only in the late 1990s the BRET assay using RLuc-YFP was introduced for biological research showing its use in determining interaction of two proteins involved in circadian rhythm. Several inherent attributes such as rapid and fairly sensitive ratiometric measurements, assessment of PPI irrespective of protein location in cellular compartment, and cost-effectiveness consenting to high-throughput assay development make BRET a popular genetic reporter-based assay for PPI studies. In BRET-based screening, within a defined proximity range of 10-100 Å, excited state energy of the luminescence molecule can excite the acceptor fluorophore in the form of resonance energy transfer, causing it to emit at its characteristic emission wavelength. Based on this principle, several such donor-acceptor pairs, using the Renilla luciferase or its mutants as donor and either GFP2, YFP, mOrange, TagRFP, or TurboFP as acceptor, have been reported for use.In recent years, BRET-related research has become significantly versatile in the assay format and its applicability by adopting the assay on multiple detection devices such as small-animal optical imaging platform or bioluminescence microscope. Beyond the scope of quantitative measurement of PPIs and protein dimerization, molecular optical imaging applications based on BRET assays have broadened its scope for screening of pharmacological compounds by unifying in vitro, live cell, and in vivo animal/plant measurement all on one platform. Taking examples from the literature, this chapter contributes to in-depth methodological details on how to perform in vitro and in vivo BRET experiments, and illustrates its advantages as a single-format assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shalini Dimri
- Molecular Functional Imaging Lab, ACTREC, Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, 410210, India
| | - Soumya Basu
- Molecular Functional Imaging Lab, ACTREC, Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, 410210, India
| | - Abhijit De
- Molecular Functional Imaging Lab, ACTREC, Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, 410210, India.
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29
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Abstract
Bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET) is a natural phenomenon that has been successfully applied for the study of protein-protein interactions, including opioid receptor oligomers. The discovery of opioid receptor homomers and heteromers has brought to the finding of new functions and new way of signaling and trafficking; therefore, opioid receptor oligomers may be considered as novel drug targets. Fusing receptors of interest with Renilla luciferase and with a fluorescent protein (such as EYFP), it is possible to study opioid receptor dimerization using BRET.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Baiula
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology (FaBiT), University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 48, Bologna, 40126, Italy,
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30
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Szalai B, Hoffmann P, Prokop S, Erdélyi L, Várnai P, Hunyady L. Improved methodical approach for quantitative BRET analysis of G Protein Coupled Receptor dimerization. PLoS One 2014; 9:e109503. [PMID: 25329164 PMCID: PMC4201472 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0109503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2014] [Accepted: 09/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
G Protein Coupled Receptors (GPCR) can form dimers or higher ordered oligomers, the process of which can remarkably influence the physiological and pharmacological function of these receptors. Quantitative Bioluminescence Resonance Energy Transfer (qBRET) measurements are the gold standards to prove the direct physical interaction between the protomers of presumed GPCR dimers. For the correct interpretation of these experiments, the expression of the energy donor Renilla luciferase labeled receptor has to be maintained constant, which is hard to achieve in expression systems. To analyze the effects of non-constant donor expression on qBRET curves, we performed Monte Carlo simulations. Our results show that the decrease of donor expression can lead to saturation qBRET curves even if the interaction between donor and acceptor labeled receptors is non-specific leading to false interpretation of the dimerization state. We suggest here a new approach to the analysis of qBRET data, when the BRET ratio is plotted as a function of the acceptor labeled receptor expression at various donor receptor expression levels. With this method, we were able to distinguish between dimerization and non-specific interaction when the results of classical qBRET experiments were ambiguous. The simulation results were confirmed experimentally using rapamycin inducible heterodimerization system. We used this new method to investigate the dimerization of various GPCRs, and our data have confirmed the homodimerization of V2 vasopressin and CaSR calcium sensing receptors, whereas our data argue against the heterodimerization of these receptors with other studied GPCRs, including type I and II angiotensin, β2 adrenergic and CB1 cannabinoid receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bence Szalai
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- MTA-SE Laboratory of Molecular Physiology, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Péter Hoffmann
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Susanne Prokop
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - László Erdélyi
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- MTA-SE Laboratory of Molecular Physiology, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Péter Várnai
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- MTA-SE Laboratory of Molecular Physiology, Budapest, Hungary
| | - László Hunyady
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- MTA-SE Laboratory of Molecular Physiology, Budapest, Hungary
- * E-mail:
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31
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Cochran JN, Diggs PV, Nebane NM, Rasmussen L, White EL, Bostwick R, Maddry JA, Suto MJ, Roberson ED. AlphaScreen HTS and live-cell bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET) assays for identification of Tau-Fyn SH3 interaction inhibitors for Alzheimer disease. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 19:1338-49. [PMID: 25156556 DOI: 10.1177/1087057114547232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disease, and with Americans' increasing longevity, it is becoming an epidemic. There are currently no effective treatments for this disorder. Abnormalities of Tau track more closely with cognitive decline than the most studied therapeutic target in AD, amyloid-β, but the optimal strategy for targeting Tau has not yet been identified. On the basis of considerable preclinical data from AD models, we hypothesize that interactions between Tau and the Src-family tyrosine kinase, Fyn, are pathogenic in AD. Genetically reducing either Tau or Fyn is protective in AD mouse models, and a dominant negative fragment of Tau that alters Fyn localization is also protective. Here, we describe a new AlphaScreen assay and a live-cell bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET) assay using a novel BRET pair for quantifying the Tau-Fyn interaction. We used these assays to map the binding site on Tau for Fyn to the fifth and sixth PXXP motifs to show that AD-associated phosphorylation at microtubule affinity regulating kinase sites increases the affinity of the Tau-Fyn interaction and to identify Tau-Fyn interaction inhibitors by high-throughput screening. This screen has identified a variety of chemically tractable hits, suggesting that the Tau-Fyn interaction may represent a good drug target for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Nicholas Cochran
- Center for Neurodegeneration and Experimental Therapeutics, Departments of Neurology and Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Pauleatha V Diggs
- Center for Neurodegeneration and Experimental Therapeutics, Departments of Neurology and Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Mark J Suto
- Southern Research Institute, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Erik D Roberson
- Center for Neurodegeneration and Experimental Therapeutics, Departments of Neurology and Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
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32
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Mizuno N, Suzuki T, Kishimoto Y, Hirasawa N. Biochemical assay of G protein-coupled receptor oligomerization: adenosine A1 and thromboxane A2 receptors form the novel functional hetero-oligomer. Methods Cell Biol 2014; 117:213-27. [PMID: 24143980 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-408143-7.00012-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are classified into a family of seven transmembrane receptors. Receptor oligomerization may be the key to the expression and function of these receptors, for example, ligand binding, desensitization, membrane trafficking, and signaling. The accumulation of evidence that GPCRs form an oligomerization with a functional alternation may change the strategy for the discovery of novel drugs targeting GPCRs. Identification of the oligomer is essential to elucidate GPCR oligomerization. GPCR oligomerizations have been demonstrated using various biochemical approaches, which include the coimmunoprecipitation method, fluorescence resonance energy transfer assay, and bioluminescence RET assay. Thus, various assays are useful for the study of GPCR oligomerization, and we should choose the best method to match the purpose. We previously targeted adenosine A1 and thromboxane A2 (TP) receptors to form a functionally novel hetero-oligomer, since both receptors function in the same cells. This chapter describes the methods used to detect GPCR oligomerization and alterations in the signaling pathways, principally according to our findings on oligomerization between adenosine A1 and TPα receptors.
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MESH Headings
- Binding, Competitive
- Bioluminescence Resonance Energy Transfer Techniques/methods
- Cyclic AMP/metabolism
- Gene Expression
- Green Fluorescent Proteins/genetics
- Green Fluorescent Proteins/metabolism
- HEK293 Cells
- Humans
- Immunoprecipitation
- Kinetics
- Luciferases, Renilla/genetics
- Luciferases, Renilla/metabolism
- Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1/genetics
- Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1/metabolism
- Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3/genetics
- Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3/metabolism
- Plasmids
- Protein Binding
- Protein Multimerization
- Protein Transport
- Receptor, Adenosine A1/chemistry
- Receptor, Adenosine A1/genetics
- Receptor, Adenosine A1/metabolism
- Receptors, Thromboxane A2, Prostaglandin H2/chemistry
- Receptors, Thromboxane A2, Prostaglandin H2/genetics
- Receptors, Thromboxane A2, Prostaglandin H2/metabolism
- Signal Transduction
- Transfection
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Affiliation(s)
- Natsumi Mizuno
- Department of Pharmacotherapy of Life-style Related Disease, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
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33
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Kuo MS, Auriau J, Pierre-Eugène C, Issad T. Development of a human breast-cancer derived cell line stably expressing a bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET)-based phosphatidyl inositol-3 phosphate (PIP3) biosensor. PLoS One 2014; 9:e92737. [PMID: 24647478 PMCID: PMC3960261 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0092737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2013] [Accepted: 02/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Stimulation of tyrosine kinase receptors initiates a signaling cascade that activates PI3K. Activated PI3K uses PIP2 to generate PIP3, which recruit Akt to the plasma membrane through its pleckstrin homology (PH) domain, permitting its activation by PDKs. Activated Akt controls important biological functions, including cell metabolism, proliferation and survival. The PI3K pathway is therefore an attractive target for drug discovery. However, current assays for measurement of PIP3 production are technically demanding and not amenable to high-throughput screening. We have established a MCF-7-derived breast cancer cell line, that stably co-expresses the PH domain of Akt fused to Renilla luciferase and YFP fused to a membrane localization signal. This BRET biosensor pair permits to monitor, in real time, in living cells, PIP3 production at the plasma membrane upon stimulation by different ligands, including insulin, the insulin analogue glargine, IGF1, IGF2 and EGF. Moreover, several known inhibitors that target different steps of the PI3K/Akt pathway caused inhibition of ligand-induced BRET. Cetuximab, a humanized anti-EGF receptor monoclonal antibody used for the treatment of cancer, completely inhibited EGF-induced BRET, and the tyrosine kinase inhibitor tyrphostine AG1024 inhibited insulin effect on PIP3 production. Moreover, the effects of insulin and IGF1 were inhibited by molecules that inhibit PI3K catalytic activity or the interaction between PIP3 and the PH domain of Akt. Finally, we showed that human serum induced a dose-dependent increase in BRET signal, suggesting that this stable clone may be used as a prognostic tool to evaluate the PI3K stimulatory activity present in serum of human patients. We have thus established a cell line, suitable for the screening and/or the study of molecules with stimulatory or inhibitory activities on the PI3K/Akt pathway that will constitute a new tool for translational research in diabetes and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Shiue Kuo
- Institut Cochin, Université Paris Descartes, CNRS (UMR8104), Paris, France
- INSERM, U1016, Paris, France
| | - Johanna Auriau
- Institut Cochin, Université Paris Descartes, CNRS (UMR8104), Paris, France
- INSERM, U1016, Paris, France
| | - Cécile Pierre-Eugène
- Institut Cochin, Université Paris Descartes, CNRS (UMR8104), Paris, France
- INSERM, U1016, Paris, France
| | - Tarik Issad
- Institut Cochin, Université Paris Descartes, CNRS (UMR8104), Paris, France
- INSERM, U1016, Paris, France
- * E-mail:
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34
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Li F, Yu J, Zhang Z, Cui Z, Wang D, Wei H, Zhang XE. Use of hGluc/tdTomato pair for sensitive BRET sensing of protease with high solution media tolerance. Talanta 2013; 109:141-6. [PMID: 23618151 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2013.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2012] [Revised: 01/25/2013] [Accepted: 02/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Due to the complicated media, monitoring proteases in real physiological environments is still a big challenge. Bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET) is one of the promising techniques but its application is limited by the susceptibility to buffer composition, which might cause serious errors for the assay. Herein we report a novel combination of BRET pair with humanized Gaussia luciferase (hGluc) and highly bright red fluorescence protein tdTomato for sensitive and robust protease activity determination. As a result, the hGluc/tdTomato BRET pair showed much better tolerance to buffer composition, pH and sample matrices, and wide spectral separation (Δλ:~110 nm). With the protease sensor built with this pair, the detection limit for enterokinase reached 2.1 pM in pure buffer and 3.3 pM in 3% serum. The proposed pair would find broad use in both in vitro and in vivo assays, especially for samples with complicated matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengyun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
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35
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Sanz G, Pajot-Augy E. Deciphering activation of olfactory receptors using heterologous expression in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and bioluminescence resonance energy transfer. Methods Mol Biol 2013; 1003:149-160. [PMID: 23585040 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-62703-377-0_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Hetero- and homo-oligomerization of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) has been addressed in the past years using various approaches such as co-immunoprecipitation, fluorescence resonance energy transfer and bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET). Here, we report the methodological details from a previously published study to investigate the relationships between oligomerization and activation states of olfactory receptors (ORs). This methodology combines heterologous expression of ORs in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and BRET assays on membrane fractions, in particular, upon odorant stimulation. We have demonstrated that ORs constitutively homodimerize at the plasma membrane and that high odorant concentrations promote a conformational change of the dimer, which becomes inactive. We proposed a model in which one odorant molecule binding the dimer would induce activation, while two odorant molecules, each binding one protomer of the dimer, would blunt signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guenhaël Sanz
- Unité de Neurobiologie de l'Olfaction et Modélisation en Imagerie & Equipe Biologie de l'Olfaction et Biosenseurs, INRA, Jouy-en-Josas, France
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36
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Abstract
Advances in imaging assays based on resonance energy transfer (RET) have made it possible to study protein/protein interactions in living cells under physiological conditions. It is now possible to measure the kinetics of changes in these interactions in response to ligand stimulation in real time. Here we describe protocols for these assays focusing on the basal and ligand-stimulated interaction between tagged Gβγ subunits and adenylyl cyclase II. We describe relevant positive and negative controls and various experimental considerations for optimization of these experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darlaine Pétrin
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
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37
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Abstract
Over a period of 15 years the concept of G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) dimerization moved from a challenging hypothesis to a scientific fact, which is now accepted by the vast majority of the scientists working in the field. However, several important issues remain debated such as the biological function of dimerization, or the actual complexity of the oligomeric organization. Because of its major potential implications in physiology and pharmacology, the question of GPCR heterodimerization (or hetero-oligomerization) is currently one of the most central. Several complementary experimental approaches are used to investigate these novel important aspects of GPCR biology. In this context, Bioluminescence Resonance Energy Transfer-based techniques are extremely powerful, provided that they are conducted with the appropriate (numerous) controls and correctly interpreted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lamia Achour
- Institut Cochin, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
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Zhang Q, Li XY, Liu ZL, Jia PP, Wei XL, Zhao LX, Jiang JD, Cen S. [Establishment and application of a high-throughput screening assay for premature activation of HIV-1 precursors]. Yao Xue Xue Bao 2010; 45:247-252. [PMID: 21351435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Strict regulation of HIV-1 PR function is critical for efficient production of mature viral particles. During viral protein expression and viral assembly, HIV-1 PR located within Gag-Pol precursor must be inactive to prevent premature cytoplasmic processing of the viral Gag and Gag-Pol precursors. Premature activation of HIV-1 precursors leads to major defects in viral assembly and production of viral particles. A cell-level premature activation of HIV-1 precursors assay using bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET) was established. Three thousand compounds were screened to evaluate this assay. The results showed that the assay is sensitive, specific and stable (Z' factor is 0.905).
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Affiliation(s)
- Quan Zhang
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
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