1
|
Cai Z, Huang J, Dai W, Li X, Hong W, Hong Y. Complete pathologic response to neoadjuvant icotinib in stage IIIA EGFR-mutant lung adenosquamous carcinoma: A case report. Medicine (Baltimore) 2024; 103:e36214. [PMID: 38277579 PMCID: PMC10817100 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000036214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2024] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Radical surgery offers the best chance of cure, it is critical to expand surgery opportunities for patients with early-stage lung cancer to prolong overall survival. However, evidence is still limited regarding the application of neoadjuvant therapy with EGFR-tyrosine kinase. PATIENT The patient reported here was a 53-year-old woman with right lower lung adenosquamous carcinoma. DIAGNOSES The lung cancer was staged as T3N1M0. Tumor genotype disclosed EGFR Exon19 c.2235-2249de p.E746-A750del. INTERVENTION After neoadjuvant treatment with icotinib, she underwent thoracotomy and achieved pathological complete response. OUTCOMES She is currently receiving adjuvant icotinib therapy without recurrence or metastasis during 18-month follow-up. LESSONS Our case indicated that the feasibility of neoadjuvant icotinib in EGFR-mutant lung adenosquamous carcinoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhongfu Cai
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Hospital of Nan'an, Quanzhou, China
| | - Jishui Huang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Hospital of Nan'an, Quanzhou, China
| | - Wenliang Dai
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Hospital of Nan'an, Quanzhou, China
| | - Xiaobin Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Hospital of Nan'an, Quanzhou, China
| | - Wencong Hong
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Hospital of Nan'an, Quanzhou, China
| | - Youzhi Hong
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Hospital of Nan'an, Quanzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ye F, Chen M, Zheng X, Huang P, Wang C, Liu H, Xie H, Xiao W, Guo Q, Huang L. Clinicopathological and molecular characteristics of colorectal adenosquamous carcinoma in an Asian population. BMC Gastroenterol 2024; 24:36. [PMID: 38229035 DOI: 10.1186/s12876-023-02989-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adenosquamous carcinoma is a rare sub-type of colorectal cancer with a poor prognosis. Little is known about its clinicopathological and molecular characteristics in Asian populations. This study aimed to investigate these features in a cohort of patients with adenosquamous carcinoma in the colorectum. METHODS Tumor cases pathologically diagnosed with colorectal adenosquamous carcinoma were retrieved from the Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University tissue archive between December 2012 and June 2020. Clinicopathological features, molecular characteristics, and oncology outcomes were analyzed. RESULTS Among 18,139 cases of colorectal cancer, 11 were diagnosed with adenosquamous carcinoma, providing an incidence rate of 0.061%. The median overall survival (OS) was 14 months, and the expected 3-year OS rate was 29.6%. As of October 14, 2022, four cases had local recurrence and five had distant metastasis. KRAS gene mutations were found in four of seven patients (57.1%), and three out of eleven (27.3%) patients had mismatch repair-deficient (dMMR) tumors. CONCLUSIONS Adenosquamous carcinoma is associated with a poor prognosis. Compared to other sub-types of colorectal cancer, a higher proportion of patients with dMMR and KRAS mutations were observed. These findings suggested that more patients with adenosquamous carcinoma could benefit from targeted therapies, such as immunotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fujin Ye
- Department of General Surgery (Colorectal Surgery), The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mian Chen
- Department of General Surgery (Colorectal Surgery), The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaobin Zheng
- Department of General Surgery (Colorectal Surgery), The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510655, Guangdong, China
| | - Pinzhu Huang
- Department of General Surgery (Colorectal Surgery), The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chao Wang
- Department of General Surgery (Colorectal Surgery), The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Pathology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510655, Guangdong, China
| | - Huashan Liu
- Department of General Surgery (Colorectal Surgery), The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hao Xie
- Department of General Surgery (Colorectal Surgery), The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Xiao
- Department of General Surgery (Colorectal Surgery), The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qin Guo
- Department of General Surgery (Colorectal Surgery), The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Liang Huang
- Department of General Surgery (Colorectal Surgery), The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Kawachi K, Tang X, Kasajima R, Yamanaka T, Shimizu E, Katayama K, Yamaguchi R, Yokoyama K, Yamaguchi K, Furukawa Y, Miyano S, Imoto S, Yoshioka E, Washimi K, Okubo Y, Sato S, Yokose T, Miyagi Y. Genetic analysis of low-grade adenosquamous carcinoma of the breast progressing to high-grade metaplastic carcinoma. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2023; 202:563-573. [PMID: 37650999 PMCID: PMC10564816 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-023-07078-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Low-grade adenosquamous carcinoma (LGASC) is a rare type of metaplastic carcinoma of the breast (MBC) with an indolent clinical course. A few LGASC cases with high-grade transformation have been reported; however, the genetics underlying malignant progression of LGASC remain unclear. METHODS We performed whole-genome sequencing analysis on five MBCs from four patients, including one case with matching primary LGASC and a lymph node metastatic tumor consisting of high-grade MBC with a predominant metaplastic squamous cell carcinoma component (MSC) that progressed from LGASC and three cases of independent de novo MSC. RESULTS Unlike de novo MSC, LGASC and its associated MSC showed no TP53 mutation and tended to contain fewer structural variants than de novo MSC. Both LGASC and its associated MSC harbored the common GNAS c.C2530T:p.Arg844Cys mutation, which was more frequently detected in the cancer cell fraction of MSC. MSC associated with LGASC showed additional pathogenic deletions of multiple tumor-suppressor genes, such as KMT2D and BTG1. Copy number analysis revealed potential 18q loss of heterozygosity in both LGASC and associated MSC. The frequency of SMAD4::DCC fusion due to deletions increased with progression to MSC; however, chimeric proteins were not detected. SMAD4 protein expression was already decreased at the LGASC stage due to unknown mechanisms. CONCLUSION Not only LGASC but also its associated high-grade MBC may be genetically different from de novo high-grade MBC. Progression from LGASC to high-grade MBC may involve the concentration of driver mutations caused by clonal selection and inactivation of tumor-suppressor genes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kae Kawachi
- Department of Pathology, Kanagawa Cancer Center, 2-3-2 Nakao, Aasahi-ku, Yokohama, Japan
- Department of Pathology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8 Nishishinbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Xiaoyan Tang
- Department of Pathology, Nihon University Hospital, 1-6 Kandasurugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Rika Kasajima
- Molecular Pathology and Genetics Division, Kanagawa Cancer Center Research Institute, 2-3-2 Nakao, Aasahi-ku, Yokohama, Japan
- Division of Health Medical Intelligence, Human Genome Center, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Yamanaka
- Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Kanagawa Cancer Center, 2-3-2 Nakao, Aasahi-ku, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Eigo Shimizu
- Division of Health Medical Intelligence, Human Genome Center, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kotoe Katayama
- Division of Health Medical Intelligence, Human Genome Center, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Rui Yamaguchi
- Division of Health Medical Intelligence, Human Genome Center, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- Division of Cancer Systems Biology, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, 1-1 Kanokoden, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Japan
- Division of Cancer Informatics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-Cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kazuaki Yokoyama
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Research Hospital, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Yamaguchi
- Division of Clinical Genome Research, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoichi Furukawa
- Division of Clinical Genome Research, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoru Miyano
- Division of Health Medical Intelligence, Human Genome Center, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Integrated Data Science, Medical and Dental Data Science Center, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 2-3-10 Kandasurugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Seiya Imoto
- Division of Health Medical Intelligence, Human Genome Center, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Emi Yoshioka
- Department of Pathology, Kanagawa Cancer Center, 2-3-2 Nakao, Aasahi-ku, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Kota Washimi
- Department of Pathology, Kanagawa Cancer Center, 2-3-2 Nakao, Aasahi-ku, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yoichiro Okubo
- Department of Pathology, Kanagawa Cancer Center, 2-3-2 Nakao, Aasahi-ku, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Shinya Sato
- Molecular Pathology and Genetics Division, Kanagawa Cancer Center Research Institute, 2-3-2 Nakao, Aasahi-ku, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Yokose
- Department of Pathology, Kanagawa Cancer Center, 2-3-2 Nakao, Aasahi-ku, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yohei Miyagi
- Molecular Pathology and Genetics Division, Kanagawa Cancer Center Research Institute, 2-3-2 Nakao, Aasahi-ku, Yokohama, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Rajendran S, McGivern U, Gonzalez D, McCluggage WG. Cervical Gastric-type Adenosquamous Carcinoma: Case Report of a Rare Neoplasm Associated With a BRCA1 Pathogenic Variant. Int J Gynecol Pathol 2023; 42:529-534. [PMID: 36811841 DOI: 10.1097/pgp.0000000000000946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
Gastric-type adenocarcinoma is the commonest human papillomavirus (HPV)-independent adenocarcinoma of the cervix. We report a rare case of a primary cervical gastric-type adenocarcinoma with malignant squamous elements (gastric-type adenosquamous carcinoma) in a 64-yr-old female. This is only the third report of a cervical gastric-type adenosquamous carcinoma. The tumor was p16 negative and molecular studies for HPV were negative. Next-generation sequencing showed pathogenic variants in BRCA1 and KRAS , as well as variants of unknown significance in CDK12 and ATM and homozygous deletion of CDKN2A/CDKN2B . Pathologists should be aware that not all cervical adenosquamous carcinomas are HPV-associated and the term gastric-type adenosquamous carcinoma is recommended when malignant squamous elements are present within a gastric-type adenocarcinoma. In reporting this case, we discuss the differential and the possible therapeutic options raised by the presence of pathogenic variants in BRCA1 .
Collapse
|
5
|
Paredes de la Fuente R, Doolin JW, Peters ML. Partial response in non-resectable adenosquamous carcinoma of the pancreas with high tumour mutation burden treated with gemcitabine, nab-paclitaxel and pembrolizumab. BMJ Case Rep 2023; 16:e251936. [PMID: 36746516 PMCID: PMC9906246 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2022-251936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
A previously healthy man in his 60s was diagnosed with a rare histological subtype of pancreatic cancer, adenosquamous carcinoma. After somatic mutation profiling, it was found that the tumour had microsatellite instability status high and a high tumour mutational burden. The patient was started on combination therapy with gemcitabine, nab-paclitaxel and pembrolizumab. Tumour size and biomarkers showed a dramatic response eventually leading to the patient being transitioned to maintenance therapy with pembrolizumab. The patient has demonstrated continued response since the start of the treatment. This is the first report in the literature showing a sustained response in this type of neoplasm that was treated with a checkpoint inhibitor, and thus adds to the evidence supporting universal somatic testing in all pancreatic cancers for a tailored approach to therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - James W Doolin
- Medical Oncology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Mary Linton Peters
- Medical Oncology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
White VA, Hyrcza MD, Lennerz JK, Thierauf J, Lokuhetty D, Cree IA, Indave BI. Mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC) and adenosquamous carcinoma (ASC), the same or different entities? Mod Pathol 2022; 35:1484-1493. [PMID: 35871081 PMCID: PMC9514988 DOI: 10.1038/s41379-022-01100-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC) and adenosquamous carcinoma (ASC) have overlapping histopathological appearances and sites of occurrence, which may cause diagnostic difficulty impacting subsequent treatment. We conducted a systematic review of the scientific literature to determine whether molecular alterations were sufficiently different in MEC and ASC to aid in classifying the two entities. We searched Medline, Embase and Web of Science for studies reporting molecular determinations of ASC and/or MEC and screened retrieved records for eligibility. Two independent researchers reviewed included studies, assessed methodological quality and extracted data. Of 8623 identified records, 128 articles were included for analysis: 5 which compared the two tumors in the same investigation using the same methods and 123 which examined the tumors separately. All articles, except one were case series of moderate to poor methodological quality. The 5 publications examining both tumors showed that 52/88 (59%) MEC and 0% of 110 ASC had rearrangement of the MAML2 gene as detected by FISH and/or RT-PCR, but did not investigate other genes. In the entire series MEC had MAML2 gene rearrangement in 1337/2009 (66.6%) of tumors studied. The articles examining tumors separately found that MEC had mutations in EGFR (11/329 cases, 3.3%), KRAS (11/266, 4.1%) and ERBB2 (9/126, 7.1%) compared with ASC that had mutations in EGFR (660/1705, 38.7%), KRAS (143/625, 22.9%) and ERBB2 (6/196, 3.1%). The highest level of recurrent mutations was in pancreatic ASC where (108/126, 85.7%) reported mutations in KRAS. The EGFR mutations in ASC were similar in number and kind to those in lung adenocarcinoma. By standards of systematic review methodology and despite the large number of retrieved studies, we did not find adequate evidence for a distinctive molecular profile of either MEC or ASC that could definitively aid in its classification, especially in histologically difficult cases that are negative for MAML2 rearrangement. The case series included in this review indicate the relevance of MAML2 rearrangement to support the diagnosis of MEC, findings that should be confirmed by additional research with adequate study design.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Martin D Hyrcza
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Calgary, Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Jochen K Lennerz
- Department of Pathology, Center for Integrated Diagnostics, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Julia Thierauf
- Department of Pathology, Center for Integrated Diagnostics, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Dilani Lokuhetty
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
- Department of Pathology, University of Colombo, Colombo, Sri Lanka
| | - Ian A Cree
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Zhang D, Wu S, Pan S, Wang M, Wang Z, He Z, Zhang G, Cui F, Song Y, Li W, Shi X, Huang H, Xu H. Single-cell sequencing reveals heterogeneity between pancreatic adenosquamous carcinoma and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma with prognostic value. Front Immunol 2022; 13:972298. [PMID: 36052088 PMCID: PMC9424731 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.972298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic adenosquamous carcinoma (ASPC) is a rare subtype of pancreatic cancer with lethal malignancy, and few studies have focused on the heterogeneity of ASPC. Here, we performed a single-cell sequencing procedure on pancreatic tumor tissue from an ASPC patient and a patient with high-grade intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm (IPMN). Through the combined analysis of single-cell sequencing data from five pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) patients, one IPMN patient, and one ASPC patient in a public database, we identified 11 main types of cells, including macrophages, B cells, cancer stem cells, ductal cells, fibroblasts, endo/stellate cells, neutrophils, acinar cells, T cells, natural killer (NK) cells, dendritic cells, and mast cells. Then, the different characteristics and differentiation paths of the immune microenvironment among IPMN, ASPC, and PDAC in macrophages, T cells, and cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) were identified through multiple bioinformatics analyses. Two novel special cancer-associated fibroblasts were identified as nCAFs and imCAFs. Then, cancer cells in duct cells were identified using the infercnv software. Two ASPC-specific subgroups of cancer cells with squamous cell features were identified. Finally, the identified specific CAFs and cancer cells were mapped to TCGA-PAAD cohort through the cibersoftx software. All of these identified subgroups were calculated to have a significant prognostic value in pancreatic cancer patients. These findings will promote the clinical application of single-cell sequencing data of pancreatic cancer and deepen our understanding of ASPC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Deyu Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Suna Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology , Yueqing People’s Hospital, Wenzhou, China
| | - Shubo Pan
- Department of Gastroenterology , Affiliated Suzhou Science and Technology Town Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China
| | - Meiqi Wang
- Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zixuan He
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guanghao Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fang Cui
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yihang Song
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wanshun Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaohua Shi
- Department of Gastroenterology , Affiliated Suzhou Science and Technology Town Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaohua Shi, ; Haojie Huang, ; Huanhai Xu,
| | - Haojie Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaohua Shi, ; Haojie Huang, ; Huanhai Xu,
| | - Huanhai Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology , Yueqing People’s Hospital, Wenzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaohua Shi, ; Haojie Huang, ; Huanhai Xu,
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Skorupan N, Ahmad MI, Steinberg SM, Trepel JB, Cridebring D, Han H, Von Hoff DD, Alewine C. A phase II trial of the super-enhancer inhibitor Minnelide™ in advanced refractory adenosquamous carcinoma of the pancreas. Future Oncol 2022; 18:2475-2481. [PMID: 35535581 PMCID: PMC9344435 DOI: 10.2217/fon-2021-1609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Adenosquamous carcinoma of the pancreas (ASCP) is a very rare and highly aggressive variant of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, accounting for 0.5-4% of all pancreatic cancer cases in the USA. Current data indicate that epigenetic changes and MYC overexpression lead to squamous transdifferentiation of pancreatic tumor cells and development of ASCP. Minnelide™, an oral anti-super-enhancer drug that inhibits MYC expression in preclinical models of ASCP, has demonstrated safety in a phase I study. We describe the design for a phase II, open-label, single-arm trial of Minnelide in patients with advanced refractory ASCP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nebojsa Skorupan
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
- Medical Oncology Service, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Mehwish I Ahmad
- Office of Research Nursing, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Seth M Steinberg
- Biostatistics & Data Management Section, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Jane B Trepel
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Derek Cridebring
- Molecular Medicine Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute, an Affiliate of City of Hope, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA
| | - Haiyong Han
- Molecular Medicine Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute, an Affiliate of City of Hope, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA
| | - Daniel D Von Hoff
- Molecular Medicine Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute, an Affiliate of City of Hope, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA
| | - Christine Alewine
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Nie J, Gong L, Li Z, Ou D, Zhang L, Liu Y, Zhang J, Liu D. Bioinformatics Analysis of mRNAs and miRNAs for Identifying Potential Biomarkers in Lung Adenosquamous Carcinoma. Comput Math Methods Med 2022; 2022:5851269. [PMID: 35281953 PMCID: PMC8906974 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5851269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Background Lung adenosquamous carcinoma (LASC) is a special type of lung cancer. LASC is a malignant tumor with strong aggressiveness and a poor prognosis. Previous studies have revealed that microRNAs (miRNAs) are widely involved in the development of tumors by targeting mRNA. This study is aimed at identifying the key mRNAs and miRNAs of LASC and constructing miRNA-mRNA networks for deeply comprehending the latent molecular mechanisms. Methods mRNA dataset (GSE51852) and miRNA dataset (GSE51853) were extracted and downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and differentially expressed miRNAs (DEMs) were picked out by the GEO2R web tool. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) functional enrichment analyses were conducted in the DAVID database. The protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was performed and analyzed by using the STRING database and Cytoscape software, respectively. TransmiR v2.0 was applied to predict potential transcription factors of miRNAs. The target genes of DEMs were predicted in the miRWalk database. Results In comparison to normal tissues, a total of 1458 DEGs (511 upregulated and 947 downregulated) and 13 DEMs (5 upregulated and 8 downregulated) were screened out in LASC tissues. The PPI network of the DEGs displayed five key modules and seventeen hub genes. Six target genes of the DEMs were predicted, and five essential miRNA-mRNA regulatory pairs were established. Ensuingly, CENPF, one of the target genes, was also the hub genes of GSE51852, which was obtained from MCODE and cytoHubba and regulated by hsa-miR-205. Conclusions We constructed the miRNA-mRNA regulatory pairs, which are helpful to study the potential regulatory mechanisms and find out promising diagnosis biomarkers and therapeutic targets for LASC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jin Nie
- The Second Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, China
| | - Ling Gong
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University (The First People Hospital of Zunyi), Zunyi, 563000, China
| | - Zhu Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University (The First People Hospital of Zunyi), Zunyi, 563000, China
| | - Dong Ou
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University (The First People Hospital of Zunyi), Zunyi, 563000, China
| | - Ling Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University (The First People Hospital of Zunyi), Zunyi, 563000, China
| | - Yi Liu
- Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, China
| | - Jianyong Zhang
- The Second Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, China
| | - Daishun Liu
- Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Polaski JT, Udy DB, Escobar-Hoyos LF, Askan G, Leach SD, Ventura A, Kannan R, Bradley RK. The origins and consequences of UPF1 variants in pancreatic adenosquamous carcinoma. eLife 2021; 10:e62209. [PMID: 33404013 PMCID: PMC7846273 DOI: 10.7554/elife.62209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic adenosquamous carcinoma (PASC) is an aggressive cancer whose mutational origins are poorly understood. An early study reported high-frequency somatic mutations affecting UPF1, a nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD) factor, in PASC, but subsequent studies did not observe these lesions. The corresponding controversy about whether UPF1 mutations are important contributors to PASC has been exacerbated by a paucity of functional studies. Here, we modeled two UPF1 mutations in human and mouse cells to find no significant effects on pancreatic cancer growth, acquisition of adenosquamous features, UPF1 splicing, UPF1 protein, or NMD efficiency. We subsequently discovered that 45% of UPF1 mutations reportedly present in PASCs are identical to standing genetic variants in the human population, suggesting that they may be non-pathogenic inherited variants rather than pathogenic mutations. Our data suggest that UPF1 is not a common functional driver of PASC and motivate further attempts to understand the genetic origins of these malignancies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jacob T Polaski
- Computational Biology Program, Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research CenterSeattleUnited States
- Basic Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research CenterSeattleUnited States
| | - Dylan B Udy
- Computational Biology Program, Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research CenterSeattleUnited States
- Basic Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research CenterSeattleUnited States
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Graduate Program, University of WashingtonSeattleUnited States
| | - Luisa F Escobar-Hoyos
- David M. Rubenstein Center for Pancreatic Cancer Research, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer CenterNew YorkUnited States
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer CenterNew YorkUnited States
- Department of Pathology, Stony Brook UniversityNew YorkUnited States
- Yale University School of MedicineNew HavenUnited States
| | - Gokce Askan
- David M. Rubenstein Center for Pancreatic Cancer Research, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer CenterNew YorkUnited States
| | - Steven D Leach
- David M. Rubenstein Center for Pancreatic Cancer Research, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer CenterNew YorkUnited States
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer CenterNew YorkUnited States
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer CenterNew YorkUnited States
- Dartmouth Norris Cotton Cancer CenterLebanonUnited States
| | - Andrea Ventura
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer CenterNew YorkUnited States
| | - Ram Kannan
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer CenterNew YorkUnited States
| | - Robert K Bradley
- Computational Biology Program, Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research CenterSeattleUnited States
- Basic Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research CenterSeattleUnited States
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Huo R, Li J, Li X, Shi J, Wang K, Jiao J, Shang Y. Significant Benefits of Osimertinib Against Adenosquamous Carcinoma Harboring Germline T790M Mutation. Oncologist 2020; 25:826-832. [PMID: 32367600 DOI: 10.1634/theoncologist.2019-0938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The identification of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations represents a milestone in the treatment of advanced non-small cell lung cancer. Patients with lung adenosquamous carcinomas (ASCs) rarely present with germline EGFR T790M mutation. The optimal treatment for cancers with germline EGFR T790M mutation (especially ASC) is not clear. MATERIALS AND METHODS Using next-generation sequencing, we tested 450 cancer-related genes in a 27-year-old patient's lung adenosquamous carcinoma and matched blood samples. Germline mutations in samples from the patient's available relatives were identified by Sanger sequencing. RESULTS We identified germline EGFR T790M mutation in the patient's lung adenosquamous carcinoma. He was treated with osimertinib and achieved complete response for more than 30 months, without significant drug-related adverse events. Genetic testing showed that germline EGFR T790M mutation might be a characteristic of inherited lung cancer. CONCLUSION Osimertinib can be a treatment option for patients with lung ASC harboring germline EGFR T790M mutation. KEY POINTS A patient with adenosquamous carcinoma harboring a germline T790M mutation responded well to osimertinib with a progression-free survival of more than 30 months and without any unexpected toxicities. Osimertinib is effective for patients with lung squamous cell carcinoma with T790M and L858R mutations. The germline EGFR T790M mutation is associated with genetic susceptibility to lung cancer. The clinical use of next-generation sequencing could maximize the benefits of precision medicine in patients with cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ran Huo
- Department of Medical Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinghua Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaofang Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding, People's Republic of China
| | - Junping Shi
- OrigiMed, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Kunjie Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin Jiao
- Department of Medical Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanhong Shang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Connell CM, Brais R, Whitaker H, Upponi S, Beh I, Risdall J, Corrie P, Janowitz T, Jodrell DI. Early relapse on adjuvant gemcitabine associated with an exceptional response to 2nd line capecitabine chemotherapy in a patient with pancreatic adenosquamous carcinoma with strong intra-tumoural expression of cytidine deaminase: a case report. BMC Cancer 2020; 20:38. [PMID: 31941506 PMCID: PMC6964020 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-020-6516-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pancreatic adenosquamous carcinoma has a poor prognosis, with limited prospective trial data to guide optimal treatment. The potential impact of drug metabolism on the treatment response of patients with pancreatic adenosquamous carcinoma is largely unknown. CASE PRESENTATION We describe the case of a 51 year old woman with pancreatic adenosquamous carcinoma who, following surgical resection, experienced early disease relapse during adjuvant gemcitabine therapy. Paradoxically, this was followed by an exceptional response to capecitabine therapy lasting 34.6 months. Strong expression of cytidine deaminase was detected within the tumour. CONCLUSIONS This case study demonstrates that early relapse during adjuvant chemotherapy for pancreatic adenosquamous carcinoma may be compatible with a subsequent exceptional response to second line chemotherapy, an important observation given the poor overall prognosis of patients with adenosquamous carcinoma. Cytidine deaminase is predicted to inactivate gemcitabine and, conversely, catalyze capecitabine activation. We discuss strong intra-tumoural expression of cytidine deaminase as a potential mechanism to explain this patient's disparate responses to gemcitabine and capecitabine therapy, and highlight the benefit that may be gained from considering similar determinants of response to chemotherapy in clinical practice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claire M. Connell
- Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ UK
- Department of Oncology, CRUK Cambridge Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0RE UK
| | - Rebecca Brais
- Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ UK
| | - Hayley Whitaker
- Research Department for Tissue & Energy, Division of Surgery & Interventional Science, University College London, Charles Bell House, 43-45 Foley Street, London, W1W 7TS UK
| | - Sara Upponi
- Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ UK
| | - Ian Beh
- Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ UK
| | - Jane Risdall
- Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ UK
| | - Pippa Corrie
- Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ UK
| | - Tobias Janowitz
- Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ UK
- Department of Oncology, CRUK Cambridge Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0RE UK
| | - Duncan I. Jodrell
- Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ UK
- Department of Oncology, CRUK Cambridge Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0RE UK
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Hutchings D, Jiang Z, Skaro M, Weiss MJ, Wolfgang CL, Makary MA, He J, Cameron JL, Zheng L, Klimstra DS, Brand RE, Singhi AD, Goggins M, Klein AP, Roberts NJ, Hruban RH. Histomorphology of pancreatic cancer in patients with inherited ATM serine/threonine kinase pathogenic variants. Mod Pathol 2019; 32:1806-1813. [PMID: 31285527 PMCID: PMC7403604 DOI: 10.1038/s41379-019-0317-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Revised: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Germline pathogenic variants in the ATM serine/threonine kinase (ATM) gene are associated with an increased risk of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. It is important to identify germline ATM pathogenic variants in pancreatic cancer patients because these alterations are potentially targetable with chemotherapeutic drugs and/or radiation and have implications for other family members. As germline pathogenic variants in other genes have been associated with distinct histologic subtypes of pancreatic cancer, we studied the histomorphology of pancreatic cancer in 23 patients with germline ATM pathogenic variants. The histologic subtype was ductal adenocarcinoma in 19/23 (83%) of the patients, adenosquamous carcinoma in 1/23 (4%), and colloid (mucinous non-cystic) carcinoma in 3/23 (13%). The percentage of colloid (mucinous non-cystic) carcinomas is higher than we have previously observed in patients with familial and sporadic pancreatic cancer (1 and 2% in prior reports, p < 0.01 and p < 0.01, respectively). Three carcinomas (2 colloid carcinomas, 1 ductal adenocarcinoma) arose in association with intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms. Among the resected pancreata, non-invasive precursor lesions, including pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia and incipient intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms, were identified in 83%. We conclude that pancreatic cancers in patients with germline ATM pathogenic variants are more frequently of colloid (mucinous non-cystic) morphology but are overall morphologically diverse supporting the utility of universal germline genetic testing for patients with pancreatic cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Danielle Hutchings
- Department of Pathology, the Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Zhengdong Jiang
- Department of Pathology, the Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Michael Skaro
- Department of Pathology, the Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Matthew J Weiss
- Department of Surgery, the Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Oncology, the Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Christopher L Wolfgang
- Department of Surgery, the Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Oncology, the Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Martin A Makary
- Department of Surgery, the Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Oncology, the Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jin He
- Department of Surgery, the Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Oncology, the Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - John L Cameron
- Department of Surgery, the Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Oncology, the Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Lei Zheng
- Department of Oncology, the Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - David S Klimstra
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Randall E Brand
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Health System, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Aatur D Singhi
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Health System, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Michael Goggins
- Department of Pathology, the Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Alison P Klein
- Department of Oncology, the Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Nicholas J Roberts
- Department of Pathology, the Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- Department of Oncology, the Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Ralph H Hruban
- Department of Pathology, the Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- Department of Oncology, the Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Parra-Medina R, Lopez-Correa P, Gutierrez V, Polo F. Colonic adenosquamous carcinoma and mucinous adenocarcinoma with microsatellite instability. Malays J Pathol 2018; 40:199-202. [PMID: 30173239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A 43-year-old man presented with two-month history of fatigue, weakness, paleness, rectal bleeding, sweating, and weight loss of 10 kg in the past one month. A complete blood count revealed anaemia. The patient underwent a right hemicolectomy. The microscopic examination revealed an adenosquamous carcinoma associated with a mucinous adenocarcinoma in a patient with microsatellite instability due to loss of MLH1 and PMS2 expression and retention of MSH2 and MSH6 expression in both the squamous and glandular components. We also observed an atypical immunohistochemical phenotype in the adenocarcinoma component showing CK7 expression and reduced CK20 and CDX2 expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Parra-Medina
- Hospital Infantil de San José, Fundación Universitaria de Ciencias de la Salud. Department of Pathology, Bogotá, Colombia.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Ganti AK. Newly Diagnosed Lung Cancer: Which Molecular Tests Are Needed for Optimal Treatment Decision Making? Oncology (Williston Park) 2018; 32:276-280. [PMID: 29940057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The management of advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has changed dramatically over the past few years due to our expanded knowledge of the molecular basis of lung cancer (driver mutations and immune targets) and drugs that affect these pathways, namely targeted agents and checkpoint inhibitors. Consequently, it is important to test patients with newly diagnosed advanced NSCLC for potentially significant molecular abnormalities prior to the initiation of treatment. This requires close coordination between the surgical pathologist, the molecular pathologist, and the medical oncologist to ensure that the biopsy specimen is used judiciously to get all necessary information. In this article, I suggest an approach to the diagnostic evaluation of patients with newly diagnosed advanced NSCLC, in an attempt to identify the best treatment options for each.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Adenocarcinoma/diagnosis
- Adenocarcinoma/drug therapy
- Adenocarcinoma/genetics
- Adenocarcinoma/pathology
- Antineoplastic Agents, Immunological/therapeutic use
- Carcinoma, Adenosquamous/diagnosis
- Carcinoma, Adenosquamous/drug therapy
- Carcinoma, Adenosquamous/genetics
- Carcinoma, Adenosquamous/pathology
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/diagnosis
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/drug therapy
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/genetics
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/pathology
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/diagnosis
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/drug therapy
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/genetics
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/pathology
- Cooperative Behavior
- Humans
- Lung Neoplasms/diagnosis
- Lung Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Lung Neoplasms/genetics
- Lung Neoplasms/pathology
- Medical Oncology
- Molecular Targeted Therapy
- Mutation
- Neoplasm Metastasis
- Neoplasm Staging
- Pathology, Molecular
- Pathology, Surgical
Collapse
|
16
|
Marcus R, Maitra A, Roszik J. Recent advances in genomic profiling of adenosquamous carcinoma of the pancreas. J Pathol 2017; 243:271-272. [PMID: 28816351 DOI: 10.1002/path.4959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Revised: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 08/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Adenosquamous carcinoma of the pancreas (ASCP) is a mixed tumor type which contains squamous cell carcinoma and also ductal adenocarcinoma components. Due to the rarity of this malignancy, only very limited genomic profiling has been performed. A recent paper by Fang et al. published in The Journal of Pathology contributed to our knowledge of genomic alterations by performing whole-genome and -exome sequencing of 17 ASCP tumors. They found major genomic similarities to pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma; however, the p53 pathway was altered in a greater proportion of cases, while a high frequency of 3p loss was a distinct copy number alteration pattern observed in ASCP. Laser capture microdissection revealed that adenocarcinoma and squamous carcinoma components of ASCP harbor similar genomic variations, indicating that the origin of tumor components is the same or similar. Although the study published by Fang et al. increases our knowledge of this rare mixed tumor type, further investigation, including RNA sequencing, will be needed to fully characterize this malignancy and to aid the development of novel treatment approaches. Copyright © 2017 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Marcus
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Anirban Maitra
- Departments of Pathology and Translational Molecular Pathology, Ahmed Center for Pancreatic Cancer Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Jason Roszik
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Forest F, Yvorel V, Karpathiou G, Stachowicz ML, Vergnon JM, Fournel P, Tiffet O, Trombert B, Péoc'h M. Histomolecular profiling of pleomorphic, spindle cell, and giant cell carcinoma of the lung for targeted therapies. Hum Pathol 2015; 49:99-106. [PMID: 26826416 DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2015.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2015] [Revised: 09/25/2015] [Accepted: 10/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
In pleomorphic, spindle cell, and giant cell carcinoma (PSCGC) of the lung, we wondered if an integrated diagnosis including morphological and immunohistochemical features could be related to molecular status. We performed immunohistochemistry on 35 PSCGCs against TTF1, napsin A, p40, ALK, ROS1, and c-MET. Mutational status regarding EGFR, KRAS, BRAF, HER2, and PIK3CA genes was established. Of 18 PSCGCs with adenocarcinomatous or "undifferentiated" carcinoma differentiation, 8 were mutated for EGFR (n = 1), KRAS (n = 2), BRAF (n = 1), HER2 (n = 3), and PIK3CA (n = 1). No PSCGC (0/4) with only squamous cell or adenosquamous (0/2) differentiation was mutated. c-MET overexpression was only seen in PSCGC with adenocarcinomatous or undifferentiated component (n = 5) without squamous cell component. ROS1 and ALK were negative. The presence of a "targetable mutation" was correlated to the presence of morphological or immunohistochemical adenocarcinomatous differentiation (P = .0137). Integrated diagnosis of an adenocarcinomatous component in PSCGC could be associated with the presence of targetable gene mutation. Because only PSCGC with adenocarcinomatous or undifferentiated carcinoma harbors mutations, whereas PSCGC with only squamous or adenosquamous differentiation does not in our study, this might represent a prescreening for patients with PSCGC to be tested for molecular targets. Our results emphasize that careful morphological examination and the use of immunohistochemistry might be useful for the selection of PSCGC tested for a mutational target.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Adenocarcinoma/chemistry
- Adenocarcinoma/diagnosis
- Adenocarcinoma/drug therapy
- Adenocarcinoma/genetics
- Adenocarcinoma/pathology
- Adenocarcinoma of Lung
- Aged
- Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use
- Biomarkers, Tumor/analysis
- Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics
- Biopsy
- Carcinoma, Adenosquamous/chemistry
- Carcinoma, Adenosquamous/diagnosis
- Carcinoma, Adenosquamous/drug therapy
- Carcinoma, Adenosquamous/genetics
- Carcinoma, Adenosquamous/pathology
- Carcinoma, Giant Cell/chemistry
- Carcinoma, Giant Cell/diagnosis
- Carcinoma, Giant Cell/drug therapy
- Carcinoma, Giant Cell/genetics
- Carcinoma, Giant Cell/pathology
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/chemistry
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/diagnosis
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/drug therapy
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/genetics
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/pathology
- Cell Differentiation
- DNA Mutational Analysis
- Female
- France
- Genetic Predisposition to Disease
- Humans
- Immunohistochemistry
- Lung Neoplasms/chemistry
- Lung Neoplasms/diagnosis
- Lung Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Lung Neoplasms/genetics
- Lung Neoplasms/pathology
- Male
- Molecular Targeted Therapy
- Mutation
- Patient Selection
- Phenotype
- Predictive Value of Tests
- Retrospective Studies
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fabien Forest
- Pathology Department, Saint-Etienne University Hospital, North Hospital, 42055 Saint Étienne CEDEX 2, France.
| | - Violaine Yvorel
- Pathology Department, Saint-Etienne University Hospital, North Hospital, 42055 Saint Étienne CEDEX 2, France
| | - Georgia Karpathiou
- Pathology Department, Saint-Etienne University Hospital, North Hospital, 42055 Saint Étienne CEDEX 2, France
| | - Marie-Laure Stachowicz
- Pathology Department, Saint-Etienne University Hospital, North Hospital, 42055 Saint Étienne CEDEX 2, France
| | - Jean-Michel Vergnon
- Pneumology Department, Saint-Etienne University Hospital, North Hospital, 42055 Saint Étienne CEDEX 2, France
| | - Pierre Fournel
- Lucien Neuwirth Cancer Institute, 42270 Saint Priest en Jarez, France
| | - Olivier Tiffet
- Thoracic Surgery Department, Saint-Etienne University Hospital, North Hospital, 42055 Saint Étienne CEDEX 2, France
| | - Béatrice Trombert
- Public Health and Medical Informatics Department, Saint-Etienne University Hospital, North Hospital, 42055 Saint Étienne CEDEX 2, France
| | - Michel Péoc'h
- Pathology Department, Saint-Etienne University Hospital, North Hospital, 42055 Saint Étienne CEDEX 2, France
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Shen Q, Pan Y, Yu B, Shi S, Liu B, Xu Y, Wang Y, Xia Q, Rao Q, Lu Z, Shi Q, Zhou X. [ALK gene fusion associated non-small cell lung cancer: automated immunostainer detection and clinicopathologic perspectives]. Zhonghua Bing Li Xue Za Zhi 2015; 44:164-169. [PMID: 26268749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
To explore the automated immunostainer screening anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) gene fusion non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and clinicopathological characteristics of the molecular subtype lung cancers. Methods Five hundred and sixty-six cases of NSCLC were collected over a 16 month period. The test for ALK was performed by Ventana automated immunostainer with anti-ALK D5F3. The histological features, treatment and outcome of patients were assessed. Results Thirty-eight cases (6.7%, 38/566) of NSCLC showed ALK gene fusion. The frequency of ALK gene fusion was higher in male (7.1%, 25/350) than that in female (6.0%, 13/216) patients, but not achieving statistical significance (chi2 = 0.270, P = 0.604). ALK + NSCLC was more significantly more frequent in patients < or = 60 years (9.9%, 28/282) than >60 years (3.5% , 10/284) of age. Histologically, the ALK + NSCLCs were mostly adenocarcinoma (81.6%, 31/38) , among which eighteen cases were solid predominant subtype with mucin production; nine cases were acinar predominant subtype; one case was papillary predominant subtype and three cases were invasive mucinous adenocarcinoma. The ALK + non-adenocarcinoma included three cases of squamous cell carcinoma, three cases of adenosquamous carcinoma and one case of pleomorphic carcinoma. Among the ALK + NSCLC patients, the number of non/light cigarette smokers (86. 8% , 33/38) was more than that of heavy smokers. Twenty-nine cases were stages III and IV; twenty-nine cases showed lymph node metastasis; twenty cases showed metastases mostly to brain and bone; and one case showed EGFR gene mutation coexisting with ALK gene fusion. Twelve of fifteen patients received crizotinib therapy and remained stable. Conclusions NSCLC with ALK gene rearrangement shows distinctive clinical and histological features. Ventana-IHC may he a feasible and valid technique for detection of ALK rearrangement in NSCLC.
Collapse
|
19
|
Hu W, Liu Y, Zhou W, Si L, Ren L. CXCL16 and CXCR6 are coexpressed in human lung cancer in vivo and mediate the invasion of lung cancer cell lines in vitro. PLoS One 2014; 9:e99056. [PMID: 24897301 PMCID: PMC4045941 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0099056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2013] [Accepted: 05/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite advances in early diagnosis and multimodality therapy for cancers, most of lung cancer patients have been locally advanced or metastatic at the time of diagnosis, suggesting the highly progressive characteristic of lung cancer cells. The mechanisms underling invasiveness and metastasis of lung cancer are yet to be elucidated. In the present study, immunohistochemistry was performed to detect the expression of CXCL16-CXCR6 in human lung cancer tissues. It was demonstrated that similar to CXCL12 and CXCR4, CXCL16 and CXCR6 were also coexpressed in human primary lung cancer tissues. After confirming the functional existence of CXCL16 and CXCR6 protein in A549, 95D and H292 cells by ELSA and flow cytometry analysis, we further explored the significance of CXCL16-CXCR6 axis in the biological functions of lung cancer cell lines in vitro. It was found that CXCL16 had no effects on the PCNA (proliferating cell nuclear antigen) expression of A549, 95D and H292 cells. However, both exogenous CXCL16 and CM (conditioned medium from A549, 95D or H292) significantly improved the in vitro viability and invasion of three lung cancer cell lines. The neutralizing antibody to CXCL16 or down-regulation of CXCR6 was able to inhibit the increased viability and invasiveness of A549, 95D and H292 cells stimulated by CXCL16 or CM. Our results imply that CXCL16-CXCR6 axis is involved in the regulation of viability and invasion rather than PCNA expression of lung caner cells, which opens the door for better understanding the mechanisms of lung tumor progression and metastasis.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Adenocarcinoma, Bronchiolo-Alveolar/genetics
- Adenocarcinoma, Bronchiolo-Alveolar/metabolism
- Adenocarcinoma, Bronchiolo-Alveolar/pathology
- Apoptosis
- Blotting, Western
- Carcinoma, Adenosquamous/genetics
- Carcinoma, Adenosquamous/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Adenosquamous/pathology
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/genetics
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/pathology
- Cell Differentiation
- Cell Movement
- Cell Proliferation
- Chemokine CXCL16
- Chemokines, CXC/antagonists & inhibitors
- Chemokines, CXC/genetics
- Chemokines, CXC/metabolism
- Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
- Flow Cytometry
- Humans
- Immunoenzyme Techniques
- In Vitro Techniques
- Lung Neoplasms/genetics
- Lung Neoplasms/metabolism
- Lung Neoplasms/pathology
- Neoplasm Invasiveness
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Small Interfering/genetics
- Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Receptors, CXCR6
- Receptors, Chemokine/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, Chemokine/genetics
- Receptors, Chemokine/metabolism
- Receptors, Scavenger/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, Scavenger/genetics
- Receptors, Scavenger/metabolism
- Receptors, Virus/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, Virus/genetics
- Receptors, Virus/metabolism
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weidong Hu
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
- Hubei Cancer Clinical Study Center & Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
- * E-mail: (WH); (WZ)
| | - Yue Liu
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenhui Zhou
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- * E-mail: (WH); (WZ)
| | - Lianlian Si
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Liang Ren
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Liu C, Karam R, Zhou Y, Su F, Ji Y, Li G, Xu G, Lu L, Wang C, Song M, Zhu J, Wang Y, Zhao Y, Foo WC, Zuo M, Valasek MA, Javle M, Wilkinson MF, Lu Y. The UPF1 RNA surveillance gene is commonly mutated in pancreatic adenosquamous carcinoma. Nat Med 2014; 20:596-8. [PMID: 24859531 PMCID: PMC4048332 DOI: 10.1038/nm.3548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2014] [Accepted: 03/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic adenosquamous carcinoma (ASC) is an enigmatic and aggressive tumor that has a worse prognosis and higher metastatic potential than its adenocarcinoma counterpart. Here we report that ASC tumors frequently harbor somatically acquired mutations in the UPF1 gene, which encodes the core component of the nonsense-mediated RNA decay (NMD) pathway. These tumor-specific mutations alter UPF1 RNA splicing and perturb NMD, leading to upregulated levels of NMD substrate mRNAs. UPF1 mutations are, to our knowledge, the first known unique molecular signatures of pancreatic ASC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chen Liu
- 1] Clinical and Translational Cancer Research Center, The Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China. [2] Tongji University School of Life Science and Technology, Shanghai, China. [3]
| | - Rachid Karam
- 1] Department of Reproductive Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA. [2]
| | - YingQi Zhou
- 1] The Third General Surgery Department, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China. [2]
| | - Fang Su
- 1] Clinical and Translational Cancer Research Center, The Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China. [2]
| | - Yuan Ji
- 1] Department of Pathology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China. [2]
| | - Gang Li
- The Third General Surgery Department, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - GuoTong Xu
- Clinical and Translational Cancer Research Center, The Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - LiXia Lu
- Clinical and Translational Cancer Research Center, The Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - ChongRen Wang
- Clinical and Translational Cancer Research Center, The Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - MeiYi Song
- Clinical and Translational Cancer Research Center, The Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - JingPing Zhu
- Clinical and Translational Cancer Research Center, The Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - YiRan Wang
- Clinical and Translational Cancer Research Center, The Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - YiFan Zhao
- Clinical and Translational Cancer Research Center, The Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wai Chin Foo
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - MingXin Zuo
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Mark A Valasek
- Division of Anatomic Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Milind Javle
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Miles F Wilkinson
- 1] Department of Reproductive Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA. [2] Institute for Genomic Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - YanJun Lu
- Clinical and Translational Cancer Research Center, The Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Lyu X, Huang J, Liu J, Wang W, Su Y, Zhang W, Sun Y, Ying J, Wang J, Sun Y. [Detection and significance of epidermal growth factor receptor mutation in esophageal, esophagogastric junction and gastric cancers]. Zhonghua Zhong Liu Za Zhi 2014; 36:346-350. [PMID: 25030589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) have been reported to be effective in the treatment of esophageal and esophagogastric junction cancers. The aim of this study was to detect the frequency of EGFR mutation and expression in Chinese patients with esophageal, esophagogastric junction and gastric cancers, and to clarify the value of EGFR mutation and expression in predicting the efficacy of TKI in the treatment of these tumors. METHODS In this study, 180 tumor samples with histologically confirmed esophageal cancer (39 cases), cancer of the esophagogastric junction (92 cases) and gastric cancer (49 cases) were collected. Twenty-nine different EGFR mutations in exons 18-21 were assessed by real-time PCR-optimized oligonucleotide probe method. EGFR protein expression was evaluated by immunohistochemistry (IHC) in 89 tumor samples. RESULTS The mutation analysis for EGFR (exons 18-21) showed no mutations in any of the hotspots of the gene in the 180 tumor samples analyzed. EGFR expression was negative in 12 tumor samples, 1+ in 31 tumor samples, 2+ in 24 tumor samples, and 3+ in 22 tumor samples. EGFR expression was 2+ or 3+ in 12 (92.3%) of the 13 esophageal squamous cell carcinomas, 29 (47.5%) of the 61 esophagogastric junction cancers, and 5 (33.3%) of the 15 gastric adenocarcinomas. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that EGFR mutation in exons 18-21 is absent in the examined samples of esophageal, esophagogastric junction and gastric cancers. More studies are warranted to explore the predictive biological markers for the therapeutic response to EGFR TKI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Lyu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Institute & Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College (CAMS & PUMC), Beijing 100021, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Mather JP, Roberts PE, Pan Z, Chen F, Hooley J, Young P, Xu X, Smith DH, Easton A, Li P, Bonvini E, Koenig S, Moore PA. Isolation of cancer stem like cells from human adenosquamous carcinoma of the lung supports a monoclonal origin from a multipotential tissue stem cell. PLoS One 2013; 8:e79456. [PMID: 24324581 PMCID: PMC3850920 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0079456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2013] [Accepted: 09/23/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
There is increasing evidence that many solid tumors are hierarchically organized with the bulk tumor cells having limited replication potential, but are sustained by a stem-like cell that perpetuates the tumor. These cancer stem cells have been hypothesized to originate from transformation of adult tissue stem cells, or through re-acquisition of stem-like properties by progenitor cells. Adenosquamous carcinoma (ASC) is an aggressive type of lung cancer that contains a mixture of cells with squamous (cytokeratin 5+) and adenocarcinoma (cytokeratin 7+) phenotypes. The origin of these mixtures is unclear as squamous carcinomas are thought to arise from basal cells in the upper respiratory tract while adenocarcinomas are believed to form from stem cells in the bronchial alveolar junction. We have isolated and characterized cancer stem-like populations from ASC through application of selective defined culture medium initially used to grow human lung stem cells. Homogeneous cells selected from ASC tumor specimens were stably expanded in vitro. Primary xenografts and metastatic lesions derived from these cells in NSG mice fully recapitulate both the adenocarcinoma and squamous features of the patient tumor. Interestingly, while the CSLC all co-expressed cytokeratins 5 and 7, most xenograft cells expressed either one, or neither, with <10% remaining double positive. We also demonstrated the potential of the CSLC to differentiate to multi-lineage structures with branching lung morphology expressing bronchial, alveolar and neuroendocrine markers in vitro. Taken together the properties of these ASC-derived CSLC suggests that ASC may arise from a primitive lung stem cell distinct from the bronchial-alveolar or basal stem cells.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Adult
- Adult Stem Cells/metabolism
- Adult Stem Cells/pathology
- Animals
- Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics
- Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism
- Bronchi/metabolism
- Bronchi/pathology
- Carcinoma, Adenosquamous/genetics
- Carcinoma, Adenosquamous/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Adenosquamous/pathology
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/genetics
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/pathology
- Cell Differentiation
- Cell Proliferation
- Clone Cells
- Gene Expression
- Gene Expression Profiling
- Humans
- Keratin-5/genetics
- Keratin-5/metabolism
- Keratin-7/genetics
- Keratin-7/metabolism
- Lung Neoplasms/genetics
- Lung Neoplasms/metabolism
- Lung Neoplasms/pathology
- Mice
- Mice, SCID
- Neoplastic Stem Cells/metabolism
- Neoplastic Stem Cells/pathology
- Pulmonary Alveoli/metabolism
- Pulmonary Alveoli/pathology
- Transplantation, Heterologous
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jennie P. Mather
- MacroGenics, Inc., South San Francisco, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Penelope E. Roberts
- MacroGenics, Inc., South San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Zhuangyu Pan
- MacroGenics, Inc., South San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Francine Chen
- MacroGenics, Inc., South San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey Hooley
- MacroGenics, Inc., South San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Peter Young
- MacroGenics, Inc., South San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Xiaolin Xu
- MacroGenics, Inc., South San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Douglas H. Smith
- MacroGenics, Inc., South San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Ann Easton
- MacroGenics, Inc., South San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Panjing Li
- MacroGenics, Inc., South San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Ezio Bonvini
- MacroGenics, Inc., Rockville, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Scott Koenig
- MacroGenics, Inc., Rockville, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Paul A. Moore
- MacroGenics, Inc., Rockville, Maryland, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Schmid-Bindert G, Wang Y, Jiang H, Sun H, Henzler T, Wang H, Pilz LR, Ren S, Zhou C. EBUS-TBNA provides highest RNA yield for multiple biomarker testing from routinely obtained small biopsies in non-small cell lung cancer patients - a comparative study of three different minimal invasive sampling methods. PLoS One 2013; 8:e77948. [PMID: 24205040 PMCID: PMC3812131 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0077948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2013] [Accepted: 09/06/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Multiple biomarker testing is necessary to facilitate individualized treatment of lung cancer patients. More than 80% of lung cancers are diagnosed based on very small tumor samples. Often there is not enough tissue for molecular analysis. We compared three minimal invasive sampling methods with respect to RNA quantity for molecular testing. Methods 106 small biopsies were prospectively collected by three different methods forceps biopsy, endobronchial ultrasound (EBUS) guided transbronchial needle aspiration (TBNA), and CT-guided core biopsy. Samples were split into two halves. One part was formalin fixed and paraffin embedded for standard pathological evaluation. The other part was put in RNAlater for immediate RNA/DNA extraction. If the pathologist confirmed the diagnosis of non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC), the following molecular markers were tested: EGFR mutation, ERCC1, RRM1 and BRCA1. Results Overall, RNA-extraction was possible in 101 out of 106 patients (95.3%). We found 49% adenocarcinomas, 38% squamouscarcinomas, and 14% non-otherwise-specified(NOS). The highest RNA yield came from endobronchial ultrasound guided needle aspiration, which was significantly higher than bronchoscopy (37.74±41.09 vs. 13.74±15.53 ng respectively, P = 0.005) and numerically higher than CT-core biopsy (37.74±41.09 vs. 28.72±44.27 ng respectively, P = 0.244). EGFR mutation testing was feasible in 100% of evaluable patients and its incidence was 40.8%, 7.9% and 14.3% in adenocarcinomas, squamouscarcinomas and NSCLC NOS subgroup respectively. There was no difference in the feasibility of molecular testing between the three sampling methods with feasibility rates for ERCC1, RRM1 and BRCA1 of 91%, 87% and 81% respectively. Conclusion All three methods can provide sufficient tumor material for multiple biomarkers testing from routinely obtained small biopsies in lung cancer patients. In our study EBUS guided needle aspiration provided the highest amount of tumor RNA compared to bronchoscopy or CT guided core biopsy. Thus EBUS should be considered as an acceptable option for tissue acquisition for molecular testing.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Adenocarcinoma/genetics
- Adenocarcinoma/pathology
- Adenocarcinoma/surgery
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- BRCA1 Protein/genetics
- Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics
- Carcinoma, Adenosquamous/genetics
- Carcinoma, Adenosquamous/pathology
- Carcinoma, Adenosquamous/surgery
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/genetics
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/pathology
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/surgery
- DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics
- Endonucleases/genetics
- Endoscopic Ultrasound-Guided Fine Needle Aspiration
- Endosonography
- ErbB Receptors/genetics
- Female
- Humans
- Lung Neoplasms/genetics
- Lung Neoplasms/pathology
- Lung Neoplasms/surgery
- Male
- Mutation/genetics
- Neoplasm Staging
- Prospective Studies
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Neoplasm/genetics
- Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Ribonucleoside Diphosphate Reductase
- Tumor Suppressor Proteins/genetics
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gerald Schmid-Bindert
- Department of Surgery, University Medical Center Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim of Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Yongsheng Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Tongji University Medical School Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Hongbin Jiang
- Emergency Department, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Sun
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Tongji University Medical School Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China
| | - Thomas Henzler
- Institute of Clinical Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Center Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim of Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lothar R. Pilz
- Medical Faculty, Mannheim of Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Shengxiang Ren
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Tongji University Medical School Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail:
| | - Caicun Zhou
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Tongji University Medical School Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
|
25
|
Song Z, Lin B, Shao L, Zhang Y. Therapeutic efficacy of gefitinib and erlotinib in patients with advanced lung adenosquamous carcinoma. J Chin Med Assoc 2013; 76:481-5. [PMID: 23769878 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcma.2013.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2012] [Accepted: 01/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adenosquamous carcinoma (ASC) of the lung is a rare subtype of nonsmall-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). To date, the efficacious targeted therapy for advanced ASC remains unclear and the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation rate is not well known. METHODS We retrospectively reviewed clinical information of patients with ASC who were treated with gefitinib or erlotinib at Zhejiang Cancer Hospital between January 2007 and December 2011. Survival analysis was evaluated by the Kaplan-Meier method. EGFR mutations were assessed in part using direct sequencing methods. RESULTS In total, 49 patients with a median age of 57 years were used in this study. Thirteen patients achieved a partial response and 19 had disease stabilization. The objective response rate was 26.5%, and the disease control rate was 65.3%. The median progression-free survival and overall survival were 4.3 and 17.6 months, respectively. In 21 patients with adequate specimens for molecular analysis, 7 (33.3%) had EGFR mutations (4 with deletions within exon 19 and 3 with L858R messenger mutation in exon 21). EGFR mutations were significantly more frequent in women (4/9, 44.4%) than men (3/12, 25%), never-smokers (6/15, 40%), and smokers (1/6, 16.7%). CONCLUSION EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) is an effective treatment for ASC. The frequency of EGFR mutation and clinical characteristics of the EGFR mutants in ASC are similar to those of Asian patients with adenocarcinoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhengbo Song
- Department of Chemotherapy, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital and Key Laboratory Diagnosis and Treatment Technology on Thoracic Oncology, Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Abstract
BACKGROUND To determine the prevalence and clinicopathological features of ROS1 fusions in Chinese patients with non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). METHODS Formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue sections from 392 patients with NSCLC were screened for ROS1 fusions by multiplex RT-PCR and all ROS1 fusions were validated by direct sequencing. The relationship between ROS1 fusions and clinicopathological features and the prognostic effect of the ROS1 fusion status on survival were analyzed. RESULTS In this study, 8 of 392 (2.0%) evaluable samples were found to harbor ROS1 fusions. Of the ROS1-positive patients, seven presented with adenocarcinoma, and one with adenosquamous carcinoma. The ratio of female to male and never smoker to smokers in a ROS1 fusion-positive group was 5:3. There was no statistically significant difference in age, sex, smoking history, histological type and pathological stage between ROS1 fusion-positive and ROS1 fusion-negative patients. ROS1 fusion-negative patients had a significantly longer survival when compared with ROS1 fusion-positive patients (P = 0.041). Lower pathological stage, younger age and ROS1 fusion-negative status were significantly associated with better prognosis on multivariate analysis. CONCLUSIONS ROS1 fusions occurred in ∼2.0% of Chinese patients with NSCLC and had no specific clinicopathological feature. ROS1 fusion-negative patients may have a better survival than ROS1 fusion-positive patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- W Cai
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Tongji University Medical School Cancer Institute, Shanghai
| | - X Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Tongji University Medical School Cancer Institute, Shanghai
| | - C Su
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Tongji University Medical School Cancer Institute, Shanghai
| | - L Fan
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Tongji University Medical School Cancer Institute, Shanghai
| | - L Zheng
- Translational Medical Center, Xiamen University, Xiamen
| | - K Fei
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China.
| | - C Zhou
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Tongji University Medical School Cancer Institute, Shanghai
| | - C Manegold
- Interdisciplinary Thoracic Oncology, University Medical Center Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - G Schmid-Bindert
- Interdisciplinary Thoracic Oncology, University Medical Center Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Ravoori MK, Han L, Singh SP, Dixon K, Duggal J, Liu P, Uthamanthil R, Gupta S, Wright KC, Kundra V. Noninvasive assessment of gene transfer and expression by in vivo functional and morphologic imaging in a rabbit tumor model. PLoS One 2013; 8:e62371. [PMID: 23762226 PMCID: PMC3677885 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0062371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2012] [Accepted: 03/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To evaluate the importance of morphology in quantifying expression after in vivo gene transfer and to compare gene expression after intra-arterial (IA) and intra-tumoral (IT) delivery of adenovirus expressing a SSTR2-based reporter gene in a large animal tumor model. Materials and Methods Tumor directed IA or IT delivery of adenovirus containing a human somatostatin receptor type 2A (Ad-CMV-HA-SSTR2A) gene chimera or control adenovirus (Ad-CMV-GFP) was performed in VX2 tumors growing in both rabbit thighs. Three days later, 111In-octreotide was administered intravenously after CT imaging using a clinical scanner. 111In-octreotide uptake in tumors was evaluated the following day using a clinical gamma-camera. Gene expression was normalized to tumor weight with and without necrosis. This procedure was repeated on nine additional rabbits to investigate longitudinal gene expression both 5 days and 2 weeks after adenovirus delivery. CT images were used to evaluate tumor morphology and excised tissue samples were analyzed to determine 111In-octreotide biodistribution ex vivo. Results VX2 tumors infected with Ad-CMV-HA-SSTR2 had greater 111In-octreotide uptake than with control virus (P<0.05). Intra-arterial and intra-tumoral routes resulted in similar levels of gene expression. Longitudinally, expression appeared to wane at 2 weeks versus 5 days after delivery. Areas of necrosis did not demonstrate significant uptake ex vivo. Morphology identified areas of necrosis on contrast enhanced CT and upon excluding necrosis, in vivo biodistribution analysis resulted in greater percent injected dose per gram (P<0.01) and corresponded better with ex vivo biodistribution(r = 0.72, P<0.01, Coefficient of the x-variable = .72) at 2 weeks than without excluding necrosis (P<0.01). Conclusion Tumor specificity and high transgene expression can be achieved in tumors via both tumor directed intra-arterial and intra-tumoral delivery in a large animal tumor model. Using clinical machines, morphologic imaging contributes to functional imaging for quantifying SSTR2-based reporter expression in vivo.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Adenoviridae/genetics
- Animals
- Blotting, Western
- Carcinoma, Adenosquamous/genetics
- Carcinoma, Adenosquamous/pathology
- Carcinoma, Adenosquamous/therapy
- Drug Administration Routes
- Gamma Cameras
- Gene Transfer Techniques
- Genes, Reporter/physiology
- Genetic Therapy
- Genetic Vectors/administration & dosage
- Green Fluorescent Proteins/genetics
- Green Fluorescent Proteins/metabolism
- Image Processing, Computer-Assisted
- Injections, Intra-Arterial
- Injections, Intralesional
- Necrosis
- Octreotide/analogs & derivatives
- Octreotide/pharmacokinetics
- Rabbits
- Radiopharmaceuticals/pharmacokinetics
- Receptors, Somatostatin/genetics
- Receptors, Somatostatin/metabolism
- Tissue Distribution
- Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon
- Transgenes/physiology
- Tumor Burden
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Murali K. Ravoori
- Department of Experimental Diagnostic Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Lin Han
- Department of Experimental Diagnostic Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Sheela P. Singh
- Department of Experimental Diagnostic Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Katherine Dixon
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology (Section of Interventional Radiology), The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas United States of America
| | - Jyoti Duggal
- Department of Experimental Diagnostic Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Ping Liu
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Rajesh Uthamanthil
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Sanjay Gupta
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology (Section of Interventional Radiology), The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas United States of America
| | - Kenneth C. Wright
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology (Section of Interventional Radiology), The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas United States of America
| | - Vikas Kundra
- Department of Experimental Diagnostic Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology (Section of Body Imaging), The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Arai H, Okudela K, Oshiro H, Komitsu N, Mitsui H, Nishii T, Tsuboi M, Nozawa A, Noishiki Y, Ohashi K, Inui K, Masuda M. Elevated microsatellite alterations at selected tetra-nucleotide (EMAST) in non-small cell lung cancers--a potential determinant of susceptibility to multiple malignancies. Int J Clin Exp Pathol 2013; 6:395-410. [PMID: 23412080 PMCID: PMC3563186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2012] [Accepted: 12/23/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The present study evaluated the potential clinicopathologic significance of elevated microsatellite alteration at selected tetra-nucleotide (EMAST) in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Sixty-five NSCLCs (19 squamous cell carcinomas, 39 adenocarcinomas, one adenosquamous cell carcinoma, and 6 large cell carcinomas) were examined for EMAST in the ten selected tetra-nucleotide markers. Traditional microsatellite instability (MSI) in the five mono- or di-nucleotide markers of the Bethesda panel was also examined, and compared with EMAST. The incidence of EMAST was higher than that of traditional MSI, as 64.6% (42/65) and 12.3% (8/65) tumors respectively exhibited EMAST and traditional MSI in at least one marker. EMAST and traditional MSI appear to occur independently, as no significant association in their incidence was found (Fisher's exact test, P = 0.146). Subjects who exhibited EMAST in two or more markers had a significantly higher incidence of history of other malignant neoplasms (42.9% [9/21]), compared to those with less than two markers (16.3% [7/43] (Chi-square test, P = 0.021)). Taken together, impairment of molecular machinery for maintaining stable replication of the tetra-nucleotide-repeating regions, which would differ from machinery for mono- or di-nucleotide-repeating regions, may elevate susceptibility to NSCLCs and certain neoplastic diseases. Elucidation of the potential molecular mechanism of EMAST is expected to lead to a discovery of a novel genetic background determining susceptibility to NSCLC and other multiple neoplasms. This is the first report describing a clinicopathologic significance of EMAST in NSCLC.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Adenocarcinoma/genetics
- Adenocarcinoma/pathology
- Adult
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Carcinoma, Adenosquamous/genetics
- Carcinoma, Adenosquamous/pathology
- Carcinoma, Large Cell/genetics
- Carcinoma, Large Cell/pathology
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/genetics
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/pathology
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/surgery
- Female
- Humans
- Lung Neoplasms/genetics
- Lung Neoplasms/pathology
- Lung Neoplasms/surgery
- Male
- Microsatellite Instability
- Microsatellite Repeats/genetics
- Middle Aged
- Neoplasms, Multiple Primary/genetics
- Neoplasms, Multiple Primary/pathology
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hiromasa Arai
- Yokohama City University Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Iwanaga K, Sueoka-Aragane N, Nakamura T, Mori D, Kimura S. The long-term survival of a patient with adenosquamous lung carcinoma harboring EGFR-activating mutations who was treated with gefitinib. Intern Med 2012; 51:2771-4. [PMID: 23037472 DOI: 10.2169/internalmedicine.51.7428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
A 56-year-old woman diagnosed with squamous cell lung carcinoma after a transbronchoscopic examination underwent left upper lobectomy, which revealed a pathological diagnosis of adenosquamous carcinoma containing moderately differentiated squamous cell carcinoma and bronchioloalveolar carcinoma. The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) exon 19 delE746-A750 mutation was detected in deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) isolated from specimens of both components using microdissection. Treatment with the EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor, gefitinib, resulted in a long-term tumor response lasting three years. Adenosquamous carcinoma is difficult to diagnose using transbronchoscopic procedures. Therefore, the examination of EGFR mutation status is important in order to determine the appropriate treatment, even in patients with non-adenocarcinoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro Iwanaga
- Division of Hematology, Respiratory Medicine and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Japan
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Sun MH, Yang F, Shen L, Zhang L, Chen Y, Cai X, Zhu XL, Zhou XY. [Detection of epidermal growth factor receptor mutations in non-small-cell lung carcinoma by direct sequencing and correlations with clinicopathological characteristics and sample types]. Zhonghua Bing Li Xue Za Zhi 2011; 40:655-659. [PMID: 22321541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To retrospectively analyze epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene mutation frequencies and distribution characteristics in Chinese patients with non-small-cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) by direct gene sequencing. METHODS Clinical samples from 443 NSCLC patients were obtained for EGFR gene mutation analysis, including 299 surgical specimens, 59 core biopsies and 85 fine needle aspiration and pleural effusion cytology specimens. All samples were processed from paraffin embedded blocks and microdissection was performed to enrich tumor cells. PCR based direct gene sequencing was used to investigate tyrosine kinase domain coding region involving exon 18 through 21. RESULTS (1) Among 443 samples, 193 mutations were detected in 189 patients (42.7%) and 4 patients possessed two mutations involving two different exons in their tumor samples. The percentage of mutations involving exon 18 to 21 were 2.0% (4/193), 48.7% (94/193), 6.7% (13/193) and 42.5% (82/193) respectively. (2) There was no significant correlation of EGFR mutation with age, however, mutation rate (50.9%, 54/106) of exon 21 in patients over median age 57 was higher than that of the younger patients (32.2%, 28/87; P<0.01). (3) EGFR mutation rate was remarkably higher in female patients (53.5%, 107/200) than in male patients (33.7%, 82/243; P<0.01). (4) Mutation rate in adenocarcinomas (46.5%, 161/346) was much higher than in squamous cell carcinomas (13.3%, 4/30) and poorly differentiated carcinomas (24.1%, 7/29; P<0.01, P<0.05), while the adenosquamous carcinomas shared a mutation rate similar to that of adenocarcinoma (7/13, P>0.05). (5) In surgical samples, core biopsies and cytological samples, the EGFR mutation detection rates were 49.5% (148/299), 35.6% (21/59) and 23.5% (20/85) respectively. The fine needle aspiration and cytological samples showed much lower EGFR mutation detection rates (23.5%, 20/85) than that of surgical samples (49.5%, 148/299; P<0.01). CONCLUSIONS (1) Direct gene sequencing is a reliable and effective method for the detection of EGFR mutations in NSCLC, particularly for unknown EGFR mutations. (2) EGFR mutations are more frequent in female patients and patients with adenocarcinoma NSCLC, involving mainly exon 19 and 21. (3) The mutation distribution in exons of EGFR gene appears age-related. (4) Detection rate of EGFR mutation varies in different sample types. Small biopsy and fine needle aspiration specimens are valuable materials for analyzing EGFR mutation in NSCLC, although rare false negativity may occur using such samples.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meng-hong Sun
- Department of Pathology, Cancer Hospital and Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Fan MJ, Li HG, Lü ZQ, Zhang HZ, Shen XM. [Relationship of epidermal growth factor receptor gene mutations, clinicopathologic features and prognosis in patients with non-small cell lung cancer]. Zhonghua Bing Li Xue Za Zhi 2011; 40:679-682. [PMID: 22321547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene mutations in exons 19 and 21 of patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and to analyze the relationship of EGFR mutations with clinicopathological features and prognosis. METHODS The EGFR gene exons 19 and 21 of paraffin-embedded tumor tissue were amplified by PCR, followed by direct sequencing in 282 surgically-removed specimens of NSCLC. The relationship of EGFR gene mutations in NSCLC with clinicopathological features and prognosis were analyzed. RESULTS EGFR mutations were detected in 120 of 282 (42.6%) patients with NSCLC. There were 61 cases of the mutations in exon 19 and 66 cases of the mutations in exon 21, including 7 cases of the mutations both in exons 19 and 21. Mutations were more frequently observed in women (55.2%, 53/96) than in men (36.0%, 67/186), in 51 to 60-years-old (51.3%, 39/76) than ≤50-years-old (30.4%, 21/69) and >60-years-old (43.8%, 60/137), in non-smokers (54.3%, 69/127) than smokers (32.9%, 51/155), there was negative correlation of EGFR mutations with smoking status (P=0.000, rs=-0.216). EGFR mutations were more frequently observed in adenocarcinomas (47.8%, 64/134), bronchiolo-alveolar carcinomas (73.0%, 27/37), adenosquamous carcinomas (7/9) than squamous cell carcinomas (23.6%, 17/72) and other types (16.7%, 5/30). The EGFR mutation rate in the well differentiated, the middle differentiated, the poorly differentiated and the undifferentiated was 55.7% (68/122), 50.8% (30/59), 22.7% (17/75), 19.2% (5/26) respectively, the incidences of EGFR mutations decreased with the degrading of differentiation, there was positive correlation of EGFR mutations with differentiation of lung cancer (P=0.000, rs=0.296). The patients with EGFR mutations had better prognosis than those with wild-type EGFR (P=0.027). There was no association of EGFR mutations with clinical TNM stage. CONCLUSIONS EGFR mutations occur frequently in females, non-smokers and adenocarcinomas, bronchioloalveolar carcinomas, and adenosquamous carcinomas. The patients with EGFR mutations have better prognosis. The results may offer a practical approach to select the patients who may benefit from anti-EGFR target therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miao-jing Fan
- Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Feng Q, Li XH, Chen Z, He JS, Wang CX, Zhou LX, Xue WC. [Epidermal growth factor receptor gene mutations and clinicopathologic correlation in 309 patients with non-small cell lung cancer]. Zhonghua Bing Li Xue Za Zhi 2011; 40:660-663. [PMID: 22321542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene mutation profile and related clinicopathological features in Chinese patients with non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC). METHODS Optimized oligonucleotide probe method was applied to detect EGFR mutations involving exons 18 - 21 using formalin fixed paraffin embedded tissue specimens of 309 NSCLC patients. The relationship between EGFR mutations and clinicopathological features were analyzed. RESULTS The overall EGFR mutation rate was 34% (105/309) in this study cohort. Mutation rates in male and female were 30.4% (56/184) and 39.2% (49/125), respectively. The mutation rate was higher in patients less than 60 years of age, non-smokers and adenocarcinoma subtype than in their counterparts (P<0.05), with the percentage of 40.5% (87/215), 40.2% (51/127), 38.8% (78/201), respectively. The EGFR mutation types included exon 18 G719X mutation (5.7%, 6/105), exon 19 deletion (39.0%, 41/105) and exon 21 L858R mutation (55.2%, 58/105). In large cell undifferentiated carcinomas and squamous cell carcinomas, EGFR mutation rates were 22.2% (58/105) and 3/14, respectively. The overall mutation rate of exon 18 was low, but the proportion of its mutation was higher in squamous and adenosquamous carcinomas than in adenocarcinomas. CONCLUSIONS There is a higher EGFR mutation rate in female, age of less than 60 years, non-smoker and adenocarcinoma among Chinese patients with NSCLC. Optimized oligonucleotide probe method is a sensitive and convenient method for the detection of EGFR mutations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qin Feng
- Department of Pathology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, Ministry of Education, Peking University School of Oncology, Beijing Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing 100142, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Maier S, Wilbertz T, Braun M, Scheble V, Reischl M, Mikut R, Menon R, Nikolov P, Petersen K, Beschorner C, Moch H, Kakies C, Protzel C, Bauer J, Soltermann A, Fend F, Staebler A, Lengerke C, Perner S. SOX2 amplification is a common event in squamous cell carcinomas of different organ sites. Hum Pathol 2011; 42:1078-88. [PMID: 21334718 DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2010.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2010] [Revised: 11/11/2010] [Accepted: 11/12/2010] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Acquired chromosomal aberrations, including gene copy number alterations, are involved in the development and progression of human malignancies. SOX2, a transcription factor-coding gene located at 3q26.33, is known to be recurrently and specifically amplified in squamous cell carcinomas of the lung, the esophagus, and the oral cavity. In these organs, the SOX2 protein plays an important role in tumorigenesis and tumor survival. The aim of this study was to determine whether SOX2 amplification is also found in squamous cell carcinomas in other organs commonly affected by this tumor entity. In addition, we examined a large spectrum of lung cancer entities with neuroendocrine differentiation (ie, small cell cancers, large cell cancers, typical and atypical carcinoids) for SOX2 and TTF1 copy number gains to reveal potential molecular ties to squamous cell carcinomas or adenocarcinomas of the lung. Applying fluorescence in situ hybridization, we assessed squamous cell carcinomas of the cervix uteri (n = 47), the skin (n = 57), and the penis (n = 53) for SOX2 copy number alterations and detected amplifications in 28%, 28%, and 32% of tumors, respectively. Furthermore, we performed immunohistochemical SOX2 staining and found that SOX2 amplification is significantly associated with overexpression of the corresponding protein in squamous cell carcinomas (P < .001). Of the lung cancer entities with neuroendocrine differentiation, only small cell cancers and large cell cancers exhibited SOX2 or TTF1 amplifications at significant frequencies, indicating that at least a subset of these might be dedifferentiated forms of squamous cell carcinomas or adenocarcinomas of the lung. We conclude that SOX2 amplification and consequent SOX2 protein overexpression may represent important mechanisms of tumor initiation and progression in a considerable subset of squamous cell carcinomas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Maier
- Institute of Pathology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, University Hospital of Tuebingen, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Mishra PK, Raghuram GV, Jatawa SK, Bhargava A, Varshney S. Frequency of genetic alterations observed in cell cycle regulatory proteins and microsatellite instability in gallbladder adenocarcinoma: a translational perspective. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2011; 12:573-574. [PMID: 21545232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023] Open
|
35
|
Bastide K, Ugolin N, Levalois C, Bernaudin JF, Chevillard S. Are adenosquamous lung carcinomas a simple mix of adenocarcinomas and squamous cell carcinomas, or more complex at the molecular level? Lung Cancer 2009; 68:1-9. [PMID: 20004040 DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2009.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2009] [Revised: 09/17/2009] [Accepted: 11/02/2009] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Adenocarcinomas (AC), squamous cell carcinomas (SCC) and adenosquamous carcinomas (ASC) are three histological subtypes of non-small-cell lung carcinomas (NSCLC). ASC are morphologically mixed tumours that contain the two cell components AC and SCC. To understand if they are a "simple" mix of AC and SCC or if they present molecular specificities, as compared with the molecular characterization of both components, we performed a comparative transcriptome analysis on a series of nine ASC, five AC and five SCC induced in rats by radon exposure. We found that 72, 40 and 39 genes were differentially expressed when comparing AC_SCC, ASC_SCC and AC_ASC, respectively. Moreover, when classifying the three histological subtypes, using genes that discriminated AC and SCC, we observed that all ASC were classified as intermediate between the AC and SCC, some being closer to AC, others to SCC. These results indicated that, regarding gene expression, ASC could be considered as a mix of AC and SCC, both in various proportions. However, they also exhibit molecular specificities since we found specific genes discriminating ASC_SCC and AC_ASC. In conclusion, the ASC mixed lung tumours are more complex than simple mixes of AC and SCC components. Neuroendocrine differentiation and ERK proliferation pathways seemed preferentially deregulated in ASC compared to AC and SCC respectively, pathways that are worthy of being explored because they could partially explain the high clinical aggressiveness of ASC.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Adenocarcinoma/chemically induced
- Adenocarcinoma/genetics
- Adenocarcinoma/metabolism
- Adenocarcinoma/pathology
- Animals
- Carcinoma, Adenosquamous/chemically induced
- Carcinoma, Adenosquamous/genetics
- Carcinoma, Adenosquamous/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Adenosquamous/pathology
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/chemically induced
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/genetics
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/pathology
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic
- DNA Mutational Analysis
- GATA6 Transcription Factor/genetics
- GATA6 Transcription Factor/metabolism
- Gene Expression Profiling
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Genes, ras/genetics
- Lung/metabolism
- Lung/pathology
- Lung Neoplasms/chemically induced
- Lung Neoplasms/genetics
- Lung Neoplasms/metabolism
- Lung Neoplasms/pathology
- MAP Kinase Signaling System/genetics
- Microarray Analysis
- Mucin-1/genetics
- Mucin-1/metabolism
- Radon/toxicity
- Rats
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Receptor, Notch2/genetics
- Receptor, Notch2/metabolism
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kristell Bastide
- CEA, DSV, IRCM, SREIT, Laboratoire de Cancérologie Expérimentale, BP6, Fontenay-aux-Roses Cedex F-92265, France.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Cadieux C, Kedinger V, Yao L, Vadnais C, Drossos M, Paquet M, Nepveu A. Mouse mammary tumor virus p75 and p110 CUX1 transgenic mice develop mammary tumors of various histologic types. Cancer Res 2009; 69:7188-97. [PMID: 19738070 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-08-4899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The p75 and p110 isoforms of the CUX1 homeodomain protein are overexpressed in breast tumors and cancer cell lines. To assess and compare the ability of these short CUX1 isoforms in driving mammary tumor development, we used site-specific transgenesis into the Hprt locus to generate transgenic mice expressing p75 or p110 CUX1 under the control of the mouse mammary tumor virus-long terminal repeat. We report that mammary tumors developed after a long latency period, and although various histopathologies were observed, the proportion of adenosquamous carcinomas was significantly higher in p75 CUX1 than in p110 CUX1 transgenic mice. Metastasis to the lung was observed in three p75 CUX1 transgenic mice. Comparisons between tumors and adjacent normal mammary glands revealed that transgenes were overexpressed in most but not all tumors, yet in all cases tested, CUX1 DNA binding was increased, suggesting that both higher expression and changes in post-translational modifications can contribute to stimulate transgene activity. Interestingly, higher expression of erbB2 mRNA was seen in most tumors, not only solid carcinomas but also adenosquamous carcinomas, whereas higher expression of various Wnt genes and activation of the beta-catenin pathway was observed primarily in adenosquamous carcinomas. Activation of erbB2 expression appeared to represent a cooperating event that occurred independently of CUX1. In contrast, chromatin immunoprecipitation, short hairpin RNA-mediated knockdown, and reporter assays established that CUX1 is involved in the transcriptional regulation of several Wnt genes. Together, these results support the notion that oncogenic activity of CUX1 can facilitate the establishment of a Wnt/beta-catenin autocrine loop.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Animals
- Carcinoma, Adenosquamous/genetics
- Carcinoma, Adenosquamous/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Adenosquamous/pathology
- Caseins/biosynthesis
- Caseins/genetics
- Female
- Homeodomain Proteins/biosynthesis
- Homeodomain Proteins/genetics
- Homeodomain Proteins/metabolism
- Humans
- Lung Neoplasms/genetics
- Lung Neoplasms/secondary
- Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/genetics
- Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/metabolism
- Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/pathology
- Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/virology
- Mammary Tumor Virus, Mouse/genetics
- Mice
- Mice, Transgenic
- Nuclear Proteins/biosynthesis
- Nuclear Proteins/genetics
- Nuclear Proteins/metabolism
- Protein Isoforms
- RNA, Messenger/biosynthesis
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- Receptor, ErbB-2/biosynthesis
- Receptor, ErbB-2/genetics
- Receptor, ErbB-2/metabolism
- Repressor Proteins/biosynthesis
- Repressor Proteins/genetics
- Repressor Proteins/metabolism
- Transcription Factors
- Transgenes
- Wnt Proteins/metabolism
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chantal Cadieux
- Goodman Cancer Centre and Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Nambaru L, Meenakumari B, Swaminathan R, Rajkumar T. Prognostic significance of HPV physical status and integration sites in cervical cancer. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2009; 10:355-360. [PMID: 19640172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human papilloma virus (HPV) infection is the major cause of cervical cancer and integration of HPV DNA into the host cell genome is believed to be essential for malignant transformation. MiRNAs are a class of 19-24 nt non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression primarily through post transcriptional repression or m-RNA degradation in a sequence specific manner. The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of HPV16 and 18 integrated and episomal forms and to evaluate its prognostic significance in invasive cervical carcinoma cases and to detect by in-silico approach MiRNAs near HPV integration sites (within <3Mb). METHODS HR-HPV 16 and 18 typing was performed by Nested Multiplex PCR (NMPCR) and HPV 16 and 18 physical status (integrated and episomal forms) was determined by Amplification of Papillomavirus Oncogene Transcripts (APOT) assay. Nested PCR products of the APOT assay were resolved on a 2% agarose gel and the PCR products of interest were excised and sequenced. In silico analysis was done to identify the Fragile sites and MiRNAs' near integration sites of the HPV. RESULTS Episomal forms were more common with the HPV16 type and integrated forms with the HPV18 type (p= 0.011). Patients with tumors having the episomal forms had a better disease free survival than those with integrated forms of HPV16 type, but this did not reach statistical significance. We detected 53 miRNAs near integration sites, of which 39 have been reported to be associated with cancers. The incidence of miRNAs near HPV integration sites was 78.3%, being more common with HPV16. CONCLUSION This is the first study from India to provide the physical status of HPV16 and HPV 18 in cervical cancers, to assess their prognostic importance and to identify FRA and MiRNAs' near HPV integration sites.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lavanya Nambaru
- Dept of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute (WIA), Chennai, India
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Sohda M, Mochida Y, Kato H, Miyazaki T, Nakajima M, Fukuchi M, Manda R, Fukai Y, Masuda N, Ono M, Kuwano M, Kuwano H. Overexpression of Cap43 is associated with malignant status of esophageal cancer. Anticancer Res 2009; 29:965-970. [PMID: 19414333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Cap43 protein has been proven to be upregulated by nickel compounds or hypoxic stress, often during cell differentiation or cell growth arrest. However, the function of this gene remains unknown. Although, several studies have been performed, none of these have evaluated the expression of Cap43 in esophageal cancer. To clarify its function and role in esophageal cancer, a clinical archive of cancer specimens was examined for the expression of Cap43 by immunohistochemistry. The expression level of Cap43 protein was also investigated by Western blotting and mRNA by realtime RT-PCR using esophageal cancer cell lines. Immunohistochemistry results showed that overexpression of Cap43 was correlated with malignant status of esophageal cancer and that was considered as an independent prognostic marker. Interestingly, adenocarcinoma of the esophagus did not express Cap43. In esophageal cancer cell lines, Western blotting and real-time RT-PCR, showed a variation in the expression level of Cap43 and there was no obvious correlation between protein and mRNA levels. The present report shows for the first time that the expression of the Cap43 gene has a function in tumor progression and that its expression correlates independently with patient survival. Cap43 gene could be considered as a new and important cancer marker.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Sohda
- Department of General Surgical Science, Gunma University, Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-8511, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Achcar RDOD, Nikiforova MN, Dacic S, Nicholson AG, Yousem SA. Mammalian mastermind like 2 11q21 gene rearrangement in bronchopulmonary mucoepidermoid carcinoma. Hum Pathol 2009; 40:854-60. [PMID: 19269006 DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2008.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2008] [Revised: 11/21/2008] [Accepted: 11/21/2008] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The translocation t(11;19)(q21;p13) results in the gene fusion of mucoepidermoid carcinoma translocated 1-mammalian mastermind like 2 genes that is the major chromosomal abnormality observed in mucoepidermoid carcinomas of salivary glands but has not been studied in bronchopulmonary mucoepidermoid carcinoma. To investigate the importance of the mammalian mastermind like 2 gene rearrangement and mucoepidermoid carcinoma translocated 1-mammalian mastermind like 2 fusion gene in bronchopulmonary mucoepidermoid carcinoma tumorigenesis and its differential diagnosis with primary pulmonary non-small-cell carcinomas, we evaluated the presence of the mammalian mastermind like 2 gene rearrangement and the mucoepidermoid carcinoma translocated 1-mammalian mastermind like 2 fusion in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue sections from 17 adult bronchopulmonary mucoepidermoid carcinoma, 16 adenosquamous carcinomas, 24 squamous cell carcinomas, and 41 primary adenocarcinomas by fluorescence in situ hybridization and reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. We detected mammalian mastermind like 2 gene rearrangement by fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis in 13 (77%) of 17 bronchopulmonary mucoepidermoid carcinoma cases (10 of 10 being low grade and 3 of 7 being high grade). Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction analysis confirmed positive fluorescence in situ hybridization results in 6 (43%) of 14 mucoepidermoid carcinoma cases. None of the squamous, adenosquamous, or adenocarcinoma cases revealed the mammalian mastermind like 2 gene rearrangement by fluorescence in situ hybridization, and the mucoepidermoid carcinoma translocated 1-mammalian mastermind like 2 fusion product by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction was not identified specifically in our adenosquamous carcinoma cases. In conclusion, our study demonstrates that mammalian mastermind like 2 gene rearrangement and mucoepidermoid carcinoma translocated 1-mammalian mastermind like 2 fusion product can be detected by fluorescence in situ hybridization and reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction analysis performed on low- and high-grade primary bronchopulmonary mucoepidermoid carcinoma and can be used to help discriminate low- and high-grade mucoepidermoid carcinoma from adenocarcinoma, adenosquamous carcinoma, and squamous cell carcinoma mimics in histologically challenging cases.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Adenosarcoma/genetics
- Adenosarcoma/pathology
- Adult
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Bronchial Neoplasms/genetics
- Bronchial Neoplasms/pathology
- Carcinoma, Adenosquamous/genetics
- Carcinoma, Adenosquamous/pathology
- Carcinoma, Mucoepidermoid/genetics
- Carcinoma, Mucoepidermoid/pathology
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/genetics
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/pathology
- DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics
- Female
- Gene Fusion
- Gene Rearrangement
- Humans
- In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence
- Lung Neoplasms/genetics
- Lung Neoplasms/pathology
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Nuclear Proteins/genetics
- Oncogene Proteins, Fusion/genetics
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Trans-Activators
- Transcription Factors/genetics
- Translocation, Genetic
Collapse
|
40
|
Sasaki H, Okuda K, Takada M, Kawahara M, Kitahara N, Matsumura A, Iuchi K, Kawaguchi T, Kubo A, Endo K, Kawano O, Yukiue H, Yano M, Fujii Y. A novel EGFR mutation D1012H and polymorphism at exon 25 in Japanese lung cancer. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2008; 134:1371-6. [PMID: 18478265 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-008-0411-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2008] [Accepted: 04/28/2008] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Mutations of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene at kinase domain have been reported in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, EGFR mutations status at C-terminal domain has not been reported in detail. MATERIALS AND METHODS We investigated the EGFR mutation and polymorphism statuses at C-terminal domain in 398 surgically treated NSCLC cases. Two hundred and sixty-eight adenocarcinoma cases were included. The presence or absence of EGFR mutation and polymorphism was analyzed by direct sequences. RESULTS A novel EGFR somatic mutation at exon 25 (G3034, D1012H) was found from 1 of 398 lung cancer patients. During sequencing of EGFR C-terminal domain in NSCLC, 194 EGFR polymorphism (C2982T) cases were identified at exon 25. The polymorphism statuses were not correlated with gender, smoking status (never smoker vs. smoker), pathological subtypes and EGFR mutations. The EGFR polymorphism ratio was significantly higher in younger NSCLC (< or =60, 56.8%) than in older NSCLC (>60, 45.6%, P = 0.0467). The EGFR polymorphism ratio was significantly higher in lymph node positive NSCLC (57.4%) than in lymph node negative NSCLC (44%, P = 0.0168). In 46 total gefitinib treated NSCLC patients, exon 25 polymorphism was not correlated with prognosis. CONCLUSION EGFR mutation at C-terminal in lung cancers seemed to be extremely rare, however, this D1012H mutation might be a role in EGFR function. EGFR polymorphism at exon 25 might be correlated with progression of NSCLC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hidefumi Sasaki
- Department of Surgery II, Nagoya City University Medical School, 1 Kawasumi, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya 467-8601, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Zhang Z, Borecki I, Nguyen L, Ma D, Smith K, Huettner PC, Mutch DG, Herzog TJ, Gibb RK, Powell MA, Grigsby PW, Massad LS, Hernandez E, Judson PL, Swisher EM, Crowder S, Li J, Gerhard DS, Rader JS. CD83 gene polymorphisms increase susceptibility to human invasive cervical cancer. Cancer Res 2007; 67:11202-8. [PMID: 18056445 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-07-2677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
We previously mapped a nonrandom frequent loss of heterozygosity (LOH) region in cervical cancers to 1 Mb of 6p23. Here, we describe the identification of a novel cervical cancer susceptibility gene, CD83. The gene was identified by several complementary approaches, including a family-based association study, comparison of transcript expression in normal and cancerous tissue, and genomic sequencing of candidate. CD83 encodes an inducible glycoprotein in the immunoglobulin superfamily and is a marker for mature dendritic cells. The association study that includes 377 family trios showed that five single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) within 8 kb of its 3'-end showed significant allelic association that was strengthened in a subgroup of women with invasive cancers infected by high-risk human papillomavirus type 16 and 18 (rs9296925, P = 0.0193; rs853360, P = 0.0035; rs9230, P = 0.0011; rs9370729, P = 0.0012; rs750749, P = 0.0133). Investigation of CD83 uncovered three alternative transcripts in cervical tissue and cell lines, with variant 3 (lacking exons 3 and 4) being more frequent in cervical cancer than in normal cervical epithelium (P = 0.0181). Genomic sequencing on 36 paired normal and cervical tumors revealed several somatic mutations and novel SNPs in the promoter, exons, and introns of CD83. LOH was confirmed in >90% of cervical cancer specimens. Immunofluorescence colocalized CD83 protein to the Golgi apparatus and cell membrane of cervical cancer cell lines. None of seven nearby genes was differentially expressed in cervical cancer. The importance of CD83 in epithelial versus dendritic cells needs to be determined, as does its role in promoting cervical cancer.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Adenocarcinoma/genetics
- Adenocarcinoma/pathology
- Adenocarcinoma/virology
- Antigens, CD/genetics
- Carcinoma, Adenosquamous/genetics
- Carcinoma, Adenosquamous/pathology
- Carcinoma, Adenosquamous/virology
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/genetics
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/pathology
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/virology
- Cervix Uteri/metabolism
- Cervix Uteri/pathology
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 6/genetics
- Exons
- Expressed Sequence Tags
- Female
- Fluorescent Antibody Technique
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Genetic Predisposition to Disease
- Genotype
- Humans
- Immunoglobulins/genetics
- Loss of Heterozygosity
- Membrane Glycoproteins/genetics
- Neoplasm Invasiveness/pathology
- Papillomaviridae/genetics
- Papillomavirus Infections/genetics
- Papillomavirus Infections/pathology
- Papillomavirus Infections/virology
- Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
- Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/genetics
- Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/pathology
- Uterine Cervical Dysplasia/genetics
- Uterine Cervical Dysplasia/pathology
- Uterine Cervical Dysplasia/virology
- CD83 Antigen
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhengyan Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, Campus Box 8064, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Mallakin A, Sugiyama T, Taneja P, Matise LA, Frazier DP, Choudhary M, Hawkins GA, D'Agostino RB, Willingham MC, Inoue K. Mutually exclusive inactivation of DMP1 and ARF/p53 in lung cancer. Cancer Cell 2007; 12:381-94. [PMID: 17936562 PMCID: PMC2239345 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2007.08.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2007] [Revised: 07/27/2007] [Accepted: 08/31/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Dmp1 (Dmtf1) is activated by oncogenic Ras-Raf signaling and induces cell-cycle arrest in an Arf, p53-dependent fashion. The survival of K-ras(LA) mice was shortened by approximately 15 weeks in both Dmp1(+/-) and Dmp1(-/-) backgrounds, the lung tumors of which showed significantly decreased frequency of p53 mutations compared to Dmp1(+/+). Approximately 40% of K-ras(LA) lung tumors from Dmp1(+/+) mice lost one allele of the Dmp1 gene, suggesting the primary involvement of Dmp1 in K-ras-induced tumorigenesis. Loss of heterozygosity (LOH) of the hDMP1 gene was detectable in approximately 35% of human lung carcinomas, which was found in mutually exclusive fashion with LOH of INK4a/ARF or that of P53. Thus, DMP1 is a pivotal tumor suppressor for both human and murine lung cancers.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Adenocarcinoma/genetics
- Adenocarcinoma/metabolism
- Animals
- Carcinoma, Adenosquamous/genetics
- Carcinoma, Adenosquamous/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/genetics
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/pathology
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/genetics
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/metabolism
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Proliferation
- Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p16/genetics
- Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p16/metabolism
- DNA Methylation
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Humans
- Loss of Heterozygosity
- Lung Neoplasms/genetics
- Lung Neoplasms/metabolism
- Lung Neoplasms/pathology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Mice, Transgenic
- Neoplasms, Experimental/genetics
- Neoplasms, Experimental/metabolism
- Promoter Regions, Genetic
- Signal Transduction/genetics
- Time Factors
- Transcription Factors/genetics
- Transcription Factors/metabolism
- Transfection
- Tumor Suppressor Protein p53/genetics
- Tumor Suppressor Protein p53/metabolism
- ras Proteins/genetics
- ras Proteins/metabolism
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ali Mallakin
- The Department of Pathology, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC 27157
- The Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC 27157
| | - Takayuki Sugiyama
- The Department of Pathology, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC 27157
- The Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC 27157
| | - Pankaj Taneja
- The Department of Pathology, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC 27157
- The Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC 27157
| | - Lauren A. Matise
- The Department of Pathology, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC 27157
- The Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC 27157
| | - Donna P. Frazier
- The Department of Pathology, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC 27157
- The Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC 27157
| | - Mayur Choudhary
- The Department of Pathology, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC 27157
- The Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC 27157
| | - Gregory A. Hawkins
- Division of Human Genomics, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC 27157
| | - Ralph B. D'Agostino
- Department of Biostatistical Science, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC 27157
| | - Mark C. Willingham
- The Department of Pathology, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC 27157
| | - Kazushi Inoue
- The Department of Pathology, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC 27157
- The Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC 27157
- Corresponding author, Phone: 336-716-5863; FAX: 336-716-6757; E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Okudela K, Suzuki M, Kageyama S, Bunai T, Nagura K, Igarashi H, Takamochi K, Suzuki K, Yamada T, Niwa H, Ohashi R, Ogawa H, Mori H, Kitamura H, Kaneko T, Tsuneyoshi T, Sugimura H. PIK3CA mutation and amplification in human lung cancer. Pathol Int 2007; 57:664-71. [PMID: 17803655 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1827.2007.02155.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
To explore the significance of phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase, catalytic, alpha (PIK3CA) in the carcinogenesis in human lung, mutations and copy number changes were investigated in 148 Japanese patients with primary cancer of the lung. For biological validation, the effects of exogenously expressed wild-type and mutated PIK3CA were studied in an immortalized human airway epithelial cell line. Mutations in PIK3CA were found in five (3.6%) of the 139 available patients, and copy number gains were found in 21 (18.3%) of 115 patients, respectively. Overall, mutations or copy number gains were detected in 24 of the 106 patients (22.6%) for whom results in both analyses were available. The prevalence of copy number gains was higher in men, smokers, and in patients with squamous cell carcinoma than in the opposite categories. The copy number changes showed a trend toward higher prevalence in the earlier stages (P = 0.038). Interestingly, the presence of mutations and of copy number alterations were mutually exclusive in the present patients, implying that both entail equivalent oncogenic potential. Over-expressed wild-type PIK3CA and its two common mutants, K545E and H1047R, significantly enhanced the anchorage-independent growth activity and migration activity of immortalized airway epithelium 16HBE14o- cells, but the effects of the K545E and H1047R mutants were more remarkable than those of the wild-type. The present demonstrates an important role of PIK3CA in human lung carcinogenesis.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Adult
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics
- Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism
- Carcinoma/genetics
- Carcinoma/metabolism
- Carcinoma/pathology
- Carcinoma, Adenosquamous/genetics
- Carcinoma, Adenosquamous/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Adenosquamous/pathology
- Carcinoma, Large Cell/genetics
- Carcinoma, Large Cell/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Large Cell/pathology
- Carcinoma, Small Cell/genetics
- Carcinoma, Small Cell/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Small Cell/pathology
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/genetics
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/pathology
- Cell Line, Transformed
- Class I Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases
- DNA, Neoplasm/analysis
- Female
- Gene Dosage
- Humans
- In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence
- Lung Neoplasms/genetics
- Lung Neoplasms/metabolism
- Lung Neoplasms/pathology
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Mutation
- Neoplasm Staging
- Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases/genetics
- Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases/metabolism
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Koji Okudela
- Department of Pathology I, Hamamatsu Universit School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Jin X, Zhang J, Gao Y, Ding K, Wang N, Zhou D, Jen J, Cheng S. Relationship between mitochondrial DNA mutations and clinical characteristics in human lung cancer. Mitochondrion 2007; 7:347-53. [PMID: 17707697 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2007.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2006] [Revised: 05/12/2007] [Accepted: 06/26/2007] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is known for its high frequencies of polymorphisms and mutations, some of which are related to various diseases, including cancers. However, roles of mutations and polymorphisms in some diseases are among heated debate, especially for cancer. To investigate the possible role of mtDNA mutations in lung cancer, we sequenced complete mtDNA of lung cancer tissues, corresponding normal (i.e., non-cancerous) lung tissues, and peripheral blood samples from 55 lung cancer patients and examined the relationship between mtDNA mutations or polymorphisms and clinical parameters. We identified 56 mutations in 33 (60%) of the 55 patients, including 48 point mutations, four single-nucleotide insertions, and four single-nucleotide deletions. Nineteen of these mutations resulted in amino acid substitution. These missense mtDNA mutations were distributed in 9 of 13 mitochondrial DNA coding genes. Three hundred eighty eight polymorphisms were identified among the 55 patients. Seventy-three polymorphisms resulted in amino acid substitution. There was no association of incidence of specific mtDNA mutation or polymorphism with patients' gender, age at diagnosis, smoking history, tumor type or tumor stage (P>0.05). This study revealed a variety of mtDNA mutations and mtDNA polymorphisms in human lung cancer, some of which might be involved in human lung carcinogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiongjie Jin
- Department of Etiology and Carcinogenesis, Cancer Institute (Hospital), Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 2258, Beijing 100021, PR China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Brys M, Semczuk A, Rechberger T, Krajewska WM. Expression of erbB-1 and erbB-2 genes in normal and pathological human endometrium. Oncol Rep 2007; 18:261-5. [PMID: 17549377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Overexpression of the erbB-1 (EGFR, epidermal growth factor receptor) and erbB-2 (HER2/neu) proteins contributes to the aggressive behavior of malignant tumors originating from the endometrium. We currently examined whether the trend of these proteins to overexpression is a direct effect of their gene transcriptional activities. Expression of the erbB-1/erbB-2 genes was measured applying the quantitative RT-PCR technique in 25 uterine carcinomas, 12 normal endometria, a carcinosarcoma and a case of botryoid sarcoma of the uterine cervix. We showed that erbB-1 mRNA was overexpressed in 48% (12/25) and erbB-2 mRNA was overexpressed in 8% (2/25) of the analysed tumors. The level of expression appeared to be significantly higher in the malignant tumors as compared to the benign ones for erbB-1 and for erbB-2 (p=0.0001 and p=0.008, respectively). A significant correlation between erbB-1 overexpression and tumor differentiation was found (Spearman rank correlation test, p<0.001). Concomitant erbB-1 and erbB-2 overexpression was detected only in 1 out of 25 (4%) uterine neoplasms. erbB-1 was overexpressed in a sarcoma botryoides of the uterine cervix. Our data suggest that erbB-1/erbB-2 overexpression is a direct effect of higher than normal transcriptional activity of the encoding genes in a subset of human endometrial carcinomas.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Adenocarcinoma, Clear Cell/genetics
- Adenocarcinoma, Clear Cell/metabolism
- Adenocarcinoma, Clear Cell/pathology
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics
- Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Adenosquamous/genetics
- Carcinoma, Adenosquamous/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Adenosquamous/pathology
- Endometrial Neoplasms/genetics
- Endometrial Neoplasms/metabolism
- Endometrial Neoplasms/pathology
- Endometrium/metabolism
- Endometrium/pathology
- ErbB Receptors/genetics
- ErbB Receptors/metabolism
- Female
- Humans
- Middle Aged
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- Receptor, ErbB-2/genetics
- Receptor, ErbB-2/metabolism
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Brys
- Department of Cytobiochemistry, University of Lodz, Lodz 90-237, Poland.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Toyooka S, Yatabe Y, Tokumo M, Ichimura K, Asano H, Tomii K, Aoe M, Yanai H, Date H, Mitsudomi T, Shimizu N. Mutations of epidermal growth factor receptor and K-ras genes in adenosquamous carcinoma of the lung. Int J Cancer 2007; 118:1588-90. [PMID: 16187277 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.21500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
|
47
|
Ohtsuka K, Ohnishi H, Fujiwara M, Kishino T, Matsushima S, Furuyashiki G, Takei H, Koshiishi Y, Goya T, Watanabe T. Abnormalities of epidermal growth factor receptor in lung squamous-cell carcinomas, adenosquamous carcinomas, and large-cell carcinomas: tyrosine kinase domain mutations are not rare in tumors with an adenocarcinoma component. Cancer 2007; 109:741-50. [PMID: 17238183 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.22476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tyrosine kinase domain (TKD) gene mutations of the epidermal growth factor receptor gene (EGFR) have proven to be clinically significant in nonsmall-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), particularly in adenocarcinoma. However, TKD mutations together with deletion mutations in the extracellular domain of EGFR (EGFRvIII) have not been fully investigated in NSCLC except for adenocarcinoma. The present study sought to gain further insight into the significance of EGFR mutations in NSCLC by focusing on nonadenocarcinoma NSCLC. METHODS EGFR TKD mutations were investigated using direct sequencing and mutation-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and EGFRvIII mutations were examined using reverse transcriptase-PCR in samples from 42 NSCLC patients and 6 NSCLC cell lines excluding adenocarcinoma. RESULTS EGFR TKD mutations were detected in 1 of 7 (14%) squamous-cell carcinomas with an adenocarcinoma component and 2 of 4 (50%) adenosquamous carcinomas. In contrast, EGFR TKD mutations were not identified in 24 pure squamous-cell carcinomas without any adenocarcinoma component, 7 large-cell carcinomas, or 6 cell lines. EGFRvIII was detected solely in 1 of 7 large-cell carcinomas (14%), but not in 31 squamous-cell carcinomas, 4 adenosquamous carcinomas, or 6 cell lines. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that EGFR TKD mutations are found in NSCLCs with an adenocarcinoma element. Patients with such lesions are thus considered candidates for molecular therapies targeting EGFR.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Adult
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Carcinoma, Adenosquamous/drug therapy
- Carcinoma, Adenosquamous/genetics
- Carcinoma, Large Cell/drug therapy
- Carcinoma, Large Cell/genetics
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/drug therapy
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/genetics
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/drug therapy
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/genetics
- DNA Mutational Analysis
- ErbB Receptors/genetics
- Female
- Humans
- Lung Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Lung Neoplasms/genetics
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Mutation
- Neoplasm Staging
- Prognosis
- Protein Structure, Tertiary
- Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/chemistry
- Survival Rate
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kouki Ohtsuka
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Kyorin University, Tokyo, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Kang SM, Kang HJ, Shin JH, Kim H, Shin DH, Kim SK, Kim JH, Chung KY, Kim SK, Chang J. Identical epidermal growth factor receptor mutations in adenocarcinomatous and squamous cell carcinomatous components of adenosquamous carcinoma of the lung. Cancer 2007; 109:581-7. [PMID: 17186532 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.22413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adenosquamous carcinoma of the lung is composed of adenocarcinomatous and squamous cell carcinomatous components. The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations occur mostly in adenocarcinomas and rarely in squamous cell carcinoma of lung. Attempts to investigate the EGFR mutation status in each component of adenosquamous carcinoma and to characterize the patients according to mutation status may help to understand the histogenesis of adenosquamous carcinoma. METHODS The mutation status of EGFR kinase domain from exon 18 to 21 was investigated in 25 Korean patients with adenosquamous carcinoma by polymerase chain reaction-single strand conformation polymorphism using the tissues of each component from the adenosquamous carcinoma tumor. Clinicopathologic characteristics of the patients according to the status of EGFR mutations were compared. RESULTS EGFR mutations were identified in 11 (44%) patients: 9 mutations were in exon 19, 1 in exon 20, and 1 in exon 21. EGFR mutations were significantly more frequent (P = .005) in women (n = 8, 80%) than men (n = 3, 20%). Never-smokers (n = 8, 62%) had EGFR mutations more commonly than smokers (n = 3, 25%; P = .111). Identical EGFR mutations in both components of adenosquamous carcinoma were confirmed by nucleotide sequencing. CONCLUSIONS The frequency of EGFR mutation and clinicopathologic characteristics of the EGFR mutants in adenosquamous carcinoma are similar to those of Asian patients with adenocarcinomas. Identical EGFR mutations in both components suggest the possibility of monoclonality in the histogenesis of adenosquamous carcinoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shin Myung Kang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Sasaki H, Endo K, Yukiue H, Kobayashi Y, Yano M, Fujii Y. Mutation of epidermal growth factor receptor gene in adenosquamous carcinoma of the lung. Lung Cancer 2006; 55:129-30. [PMID: 17156891 DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2006.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2006] [Revised: 07/11/2006] [Accepted: 09/08/2006] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
We have investigated 26 adenosquamous lung cancer tissues and found that four EGFR mutations were mainly in female and non-smoker lung cancer. However, EGFR mutation at kinase domain was exclusive with K-ras mutation. However, smoking and gender status could affect the occurrence of EGFR mutation. There was no difference in EGFR mutation status if analysis was performed in never smoker female subgroup.
Collapse
|
50
|
Song SH, Lee JK, Oh MJ, Hur JY, Park YK, Saw HS. Risk factors for the progression or persistence of untreated mild dysplasia of the uterine cervix. Int J Gynecol Cancer 2006; 16:1608-13. [PMID: 16884374 DOI: 10.1111/j.1525-1438.2006.00634.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
To identify the factors that may predict the progression or persistence of untreated mild dysplasia of the uterine cervix, we performed a retrospective review of 118 patients with histologically verified mild dysplasia who underwent colposcopic biopsies between January 1999 and December 2003. Regression to normal occurred in 70.3%, progression to moderate dysplasia or worse occurred in 11.0%, and persistence of mild dysplasia occurred in 18.7%. In regression/progression analysis, progression of untreated mild dysplasia was 34.5% (10/29) in patients with high viral loads (> or =100 relative light units/positive control [RLU/PC]) and 4.5% (3/67) in those with low viral loads (1 to <100 RLU/PC) and negative human papillomavirus (HPV) tests (P < 0.001). Women with high viral loads had a 13-fold greater chance of progression of untreated mild dysplasia than those with low viral loads and negative HPV tests (CI: 2.494-95.297; P = 0.0022). Those associated with both positive smear and positive HPV test (12/45 = 26.7%) were at a greater risk of progression of untreated mild dysplasia as compared with those with positive smear and negative HPV (0/17 = 0.0%) or those with negative smear and positive HPV test (1/18 = 5.6%). Those with high viral loads and both with positive smear and positive HPV test should be followed closely because of their increased risk of progression of untreated mild dysplasia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S-H Song
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|