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Akiyama R, Milosavljevic S, Leutenegger M, Shimizu-Inatsugi R. Trait-dependent resemblance of the flowering phenology and floral morphology of the allopolyploid Cardamine flexuosa to those of the parental diploids in natural habitats. J Plant Res 2020; 133:147-155. [PMID: 31925575 PMCID: PMC7026219 DOI: 10.1007/s10265-019-01164-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2018] [Accepted: 12/08/2019] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Allopolyploids possess complete sets of genomes derived from different parental species and exhibit a range of variation in various traits. Reproductive traits may play a key role in the reproductive isolation between allopolyploids and their parental species, thus affecting the thriving of allopolyploids. However, empirical data, especially in natural habitats, comparing reproductive trait variation between allopolyploids and their parental species remain rare. Here, we documented the flowering phenology and floral morphology of the allopolyploid wild plant Cardamine flexuosa and its diploid parents C. amara and C. hirsuta in their native range in Switzerland. The flowering of C. flexuosa started at an intermediate time compared with those of the parents and the flowering period of C. flexuosa overlapped with those of the parents. Cardamine flexuosa resembled C. hirsuta in the size of flowers and petals and the length/width ratio of petals, while it resembled C. amara in the length/width ratio of flowers. These results provide empirical evidence of the trait-dependent variation of allopolyploid phenotypes in natural habitats at the local scale. They also suggest that the variation in some reproductive traits in C. flexuosa is associated with self-fertilization. Therefore, it is helpful to consider the mating system in furthering the understanding of the processes that may have shaped trait variation in polyploids in nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reiko Akiyama
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrase 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Stefan Milosavljevic
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrase 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Matthias Leutenegger
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrase 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Rie Shimizu-Inatsugi
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrase 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland.
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Okamura Y, Tsuzuki N, Kuroda S, Sato A, Sawada Y, Hirai MY, Murakami M. Interspecific Differences in the Larval Performance of Pieris Butterflies (Lepidoptera: Pieridae) Are Associated with Differences in the Glucosinolate Profiles of Host Plants. J Insect Sci 2019; 19:5482268. [PMID: 31039584 PMCID: PMC6490971 DOI: 10.1093/jisesa/iez035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The tremendous diversity of plants and herbivores has arisen from a coevolutionary relationship characterized by plant defense and herbivore counter adaptation. Pierid butterfly species feed on Brassicales plants that produce glucosinolates as a chemical deterrent against herbivory. In turn, the larvae of pierids have nitrile specifier proteins (NSPs) that are expressed in their gut and disarm glucosinolates. Pierid butterflies are known to have diversified in response to glucosinolate diversification in Brassicales. Therefore, each pierid species is expected to have a spectrum of host plants characterized by specific glucosinolate profiles. In this study, we tested whether the larval performance of different Pieris species, a genus in Pieridae (Lepidoptera: Pieridae), was associated with plant defense traits of putative host plants. We conducted feeding assays using larvae of three Pieris species and 10 species of the Brassicaceae family possessing different leaf physical traits and glucosinolate profile measurements. The larvae of Pieris rapae responded differently in the feeding assays compared with the other two Pieris species. This difference was associated with differences in glucosinolate profiles but not with variations in physical traits of the host plants. This result suggests that individual Pieris species are adapted to a subset of glucosinolate profiles within the Brassicaceae. Our results support the idea that the host ranges of Pieris species depend on larval responses to glucosinolate diversification in the host species, supporting the hypothesis of coevolution between butterflies and host plants mediated by the chemical arms race.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Okamura
- Department of Entomology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany
- Community Ecology Lab., Faculty of Science, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Natsumi Tsuzuki
- Community Ecology Lab., Faculty of Science, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Shiori Kuroda
- Community Ecology Lab., Faculty of Science, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Ai Sato
- Community Ecology Lab., Faculty of Science, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yuji Sawada
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Masami Yokota Hirai
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Masashi Murakami
- Community Ecology Lab., Faculty of Science, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
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Gan X, Hay A, Kwantes M, Haberer G, Hallab A, Ioio RD, Hofhuis H, Pieper B, Cartolano M, Neumann U, Nikolov LA, Song B, Hajheidari M, Briskine R, Kougioumoutzi E, Vlad D, Broholm S, Hein J, Meksem K, Lightfoot D, Shimizu KK, Shimizu-Inatsugi R, Imprialou M, Kudrna D, Wing R, Sato S, Huijser P, Filatov D, Mayer KFX, Mott R, Tsiantis M. The Cardamine hirsuta genome offers insight into the evolution of morphological diversity. Nat Plants 2016; 2:16167. [PMID: 27797353 PMCID: PMC8826541 DOI: 10.1038/nplants.2016.167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2016] [Accepted: 09/30/2016] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Finding causal relationships between genotypic and phenotypic variation is a key focus of evolutionary biology, human genetics and plant breeding. To identify genome-wide patterns underlying trait diversity, we assembled a high-quality reference genome of Cardamine hirsuta, a close relative of the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. We combined comparative genome and transcriptome analyses with the experimental tools available in C. hirsuta to investigate gene function and phenotypic diversification. Our findings highlight the prevalent role of transcription factors and tandem gene duplications in morphological evolution. We identified a specific role for the transcriptional regulators PLETHORA5/7 in shaping leaf diversity and link tandem gene duplication with differential gene expression in the explosive seed pod of C. hirsuta. Our work highlights the value of comparative approaches in genetically tractable species to understand the genetic basis for evolutionary change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangchao Gan
- Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl-von-Linné-Weg 10, 50829 Köln, Germany
| | - Angela Hay
- Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl-von-Linné-Weg 10, 50829 Köln, Germany
| | - Michiel Kwantes
- Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl-von-Linné-Weg 10, 50829 Köln, Germany
| | - Georg Haberer
- Plant Genome and Systems Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum Munich, Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Asis Hallab
- Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl-von-Linné-Weg 10, 50829 Köln, Germany
| | - Raffaele Dello Ioio
- Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl-von-Linné-Weg 10, 50829 Köln, Germany
- Present Address: †Present address: Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Università La Sapienza, P.le Aldo Moro, 5, 00185 Rome, Italy (R.D.I.). The Global Food Security, BBSRC, Polaris House, North Star Avenue, Swindon SN2 1UH, UK (E.K.). Institute of Biotechnology, Viikinkaari 1, 00014 University of Helsinki, Finland (S.B.),
| | - Hugo Hofhuis
- Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl-von-Linné-Weg 10, 50829 Köln, Germany
| | - Bjorn Pieper
- Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl-von-Linné-Weg 10, 50829 Köln, Germany
| | - Maria Cartolano
- Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl-von-Linné-Weg 10, 50829 Köln, Germany
| | - Ulla Neumann
- Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl-von-Linné-Weg 10, 50829 Köln, Germany
| | - Lachezar A. Nikolov
- Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl-von-Linné-Weg 10, 50829 Köln, Germany
| | - Baoxing Song
- Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl-von-Linné-Weg 10, 50829 Köln, Germany
| | - Mohsen Hajheidari
- Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl-von-Linné-Weg 10, 50829 Köln, Germany
| | - Roman Briskine
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Evangelia Kougioumoutzi
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, OX1 3RB Oxford UK
- Present Address: †Present address: Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Università La Sapienza, P.le Aldo Moro, 5, 00185 Rome, Italy (R.D.I.). The Global Food Security, BBSRC, Polaris House, North Star Avenue, Swindon SN2 1UH, UK (E.K.). Institute of Biotechnology, Viikinkaari 1, 00014 University of Helsinki, Finland (S.B.),
| | - Daniela Vlad
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, OX1 3RB Oxford UK
| | - Suvi Broholm
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, OX1 3RB Oxford UK
- Present Address: †Present address: Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Università La Sapienza, P.le Aldo Moro, 5, 00185 Rome, Italy (R.D.I.). The Global Food Security, BBSRC, Polaris House, North Star Avenue, Swindon SN2 1UH, UK (E.K.). Institute of Biotechnology, Viikinkaari 1, 00014 University of Helsinki, Finland (S.B.),
| | - Jotun Hein
- Department of Statistics, University of Oxford, 1 South Parks Road, OX1 3TG Oxford UK
| | - Khalid Meksem
- Department of Plant, Soil and Agricultural Systems, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, 62901 Illinois USA
| | - David Lightfoot
- Department of Plant, Soil and Agricultural Systems, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, 62901 Illinois USA
| | - Kentaro K. Shimizu
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Rie Shimizu-Inatsugi
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Martha Imprialou
- Department of Statistics, University of Oxford, 1 South Parks Road, OX1 3TG Oxford UK
| | - David Kudrna
- Arizona Genomics Institute, School of Plant Sciences and BIO5 Institute for Collaborative Research, University of Arizona, 1657 East Helen Street, Tucson, 85721 Arizona USA
| | - Rod Wing
- Arizona Genomics Institute, School of Plant Sciences and BIO5 Institute for Collaborative Research, University of Arizona, 1657 East Helen Street, Tucson, 85721 Arizona USA
| | - Shusei Sato
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, OX1 3RB Oxford UK
| | - Peter Huijser
- Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl-von-Linné-Weg 10, 50829 Köln, Germany
| | - Dmitry Filatov
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, OX1 3RB Oxford UK
| | - Klaus F. X. Mayer
- Plant Genome and Systems Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum Munich, Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Richard Mott
- UCL Genetics Institute, University College London, Gower Street, WC1E 6BT London UK
| | - Miltos Tsiantis
- Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl-von-Linné-Weg 10, 50829 Köln, Germany
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Monniaux M, Pieper B, Hay A. Stochastic variation in Cardamine hirsuta petal number. Ann Bot 2016; 117:881-7. [PMID: 26346720 PMCID: PMC4845797 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcv131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2015] [Revised: 05/07/2015] [Accepted: 06/29/2015] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Floral development is remarkably robust in terms of the identity and number of floral organs in each whorl, whereas vegetative development can be quite plastic. This canalization of flower development prevents the phenotypic expression of cryptic genetic variation, even in fluctuating environments. A cruciform perianth with four petals is a hallmark of the Brassicaceae family, typified in the model species Arabidopsis thaliana However, variable petal loss is found in Cardamine hirsuta, a genetically tractable relative of A. thaliana Cardamine hirsuta petal number varies in response to stochastic, genetic and environmental perturbations, which makes it an interesting model to study mechanisms of decanalization and the expression of cryptic variation. METHODS Multitrait quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis in recombinant inbred lines (RILs) was used to identify whether the stochastic variation found in C. hirsuta petal number had a genetic basis. KEY RESULTS Stochastic variation (standard error of the average petal number) was found to be a heritable phenotype, and four QTL that influenced this trait were identified. The sensitivity to detect these QTL effects was increased by accounting for the effect of ageing on petal number variation. All QTL had significant effects on both average petal number and its standard error, indicating that these two traits share a common genetic basis. However, for some QTL, a degree of independence was found between the age of the flowers where allelic effects were significant for each trait. CONCLUSIONS Stochastic variation in C. hirsuta petal number has a genetic basis, and common QTL influence both average petal number and its standard error. Allelic variation at these QTL can, therefore, modify petal number in an age-specific manner via effects on the phenotypic mean and stochastic variation. These results are discussed in the context of trait evolution via a loss of robustness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Monniaux
- Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl-von-Linné-Weg 10, D-50829 Köln, Germany
| | - Bjorn Pieper
- Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl-von-Linné-Weg 10, D-50829 Köln, Germany
| | - Angela Hay
- Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl-von-Linné-Weg 10, D-50829 Köln, Germany
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Pieper B, Monniaux M, Hay A. The genetic architecture of petal number in Cardamine hirsuta. New Phytol 2016; 209:395-406. [PMID: 26268614 DOI: 10.1111/nph.13586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2015] [Accepted: 07/04/2015] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Invariant petal number is a characteristic of most flowers and is generally robust to genetic and environmental variation. We took advantage of the natural variation found in Cardamine hirsuta petal number to investigate the genetic basis of this trait in a case where robustness was lost during evolution. We used quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis to characterize the genetic architecture of petal number. Αverage petal number showed transgressive variation from zero to four petals in five C. hirsuta mapping populations, and this variation was highly heritable. We detected 15 QTL at which allelic variation affected petal number. The effects of these QTL were relatively small in comparison with alleles induced by mutagenesis, suggesting that natural selection may act to maintain petal number within its variable range below four. Petal number showed a temporal trend during plant ageing, as did sepal trichome number, and multi-trait QTL analysis revealed that these age-dependent traits share a common genetic basis. Our results demonstrate that petal number is determined by many genes of small effect, some of which are age-dependent, and suggests a mechanism of trait evolution via the release of cryptic variation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bjorn Pieper
- Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl-von-Linné-Weg 10, 50829, Köln, Germany
| | - Marie Monniaux
- Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl-von-Linné-Weg 10, 50829, Köln, Germany
| | - Angela Hay
- Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl-von-Linné-Weg 10, 50829, Köln, Germany
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Montaut S, Bleeker RS. Review on Cardamine diphylla (Michx.) A. wood (Brassicaceae): ethnobotany and glucosinolate chemistry. J Ethnopharmacol 2013; 149:401-408. [PMID: 23892204 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2013.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2013] [Revised: 07/11/2013] [Accepted: 07/11/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Cardamine diphylla (Michx.) A. Wood, commonly called toothwort, is a spring perennial herb belonging to the Brassicaceae family. This endemic plant of Eastern North America has been widely used by multiple American First Nations (i.e. indigenous people of North America) for food and medicine for centuries. APPROACH AND METHODS The aim of the review is to describe the botany, ethnopharmacology, phytochemistry, and bioactivity of Cardamine diphylla. The review covers literature on Cardamine diphylla, and the alternative name Dentaria diphylla, from English and French language sources. RESULTS Multiple traditional uses of Cardamine diphylla by American First Nations are well documented. Initial health studies showed that the tested concentrations of the extract were not toxic against brine shrimp larvae and the same extract had a weak free-radical scavenging activity. However, bioactive compounds in the form of aliphatic and indole glucosinolates and some indole alkaloids have been isolated from this plant. Ecological research regarding Cardamine diphylla-insect interactions (such as feeding and oviposition) is also available in the literature. CONCLUSIONS The wide range of traditional uses by multiple American First Nations suggests that the antibacterial, antiviral, immunostimulant, analgesic, antipyretic, and anti-inflammatory activities of this plant should be explored in in vitro and in vivo tests. Traditional modes of preparation of the plant suggest that some of the medicinal properties could certainly be attributed to glucosinolate degradation products (i.e. isothiocyanates), but a clear assignment of active molecules and mechanisms of action remain to be elucidated. The presence of glucosinolates indicates that the plant could be probed for cancer chemopreventive properties. Overall, the review shows that more investigation is necessary to determine the possible benefits of Cardamine diphylla extracts to pharmaceutical companies as a nutraceutic specialty phytotherapeutic agent against respiratory (cold and sore throat) or gastrointestinal problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Montaut
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Biomolecular Sciences Programme, Laurentian University, Sudbury, ON, Canada.
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Kougioumoutzi E, Cartolano M, Canales C, Dupré M, Bramsiepe J, Vlad D, Rast M, Dello Ioio R, Tattersall A, Schnittger A, Hay A, Tsiantis M. SIMPLE LEAF3 encodes a ribosome-associated protein required for leaflet development in Cardamine hirsuta. Plant J 2013; 73:533-45. [PMID: 23145478 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.12072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2012] [Revised: 11/02/2012] [Accepted: 11/08/2012] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Leaves show considerable variation in shape, and may be described as simple, when the leaf is entire, or dissected, when the leaf is divided into individual leaflets. Here, we report that the SIMPLE LEAF3 (SIL3) gene is a novel determinant of leaf shape in Cardamine hirsuta - a dissected-leaved relative of the simple-leaved model species Arabidopsis thaliana. We show that SIL3 is required for leaf growth and leaflet formation but leaf initiation is less sensitive to perturbation of SIL3 activity. SIL3 is further required for KNOX (knotted1-like homeobox) gene expression and localized auxin activity maxima, both of which are known to promote leaflet formation. We cloned SIL3 and showed that it encodes RLI2 (RNase L inhibitor 2), an ATP binding cassette-type ATPase with important roles in ribosome recycling and translation termination that are conserved in eukaryotes and archaea. RLI mutants have not been described in plants to date, and this paper highlights the potential of genetic studies in C. hirsuta to uncover novel gene functions. Our data indicate that leaflet development is sensitive to perturbation of RLI2-dependent aspects of cellular growth, and link ribosome function with dissected-leaf development.
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Marhold K, Lihová J, Al-Shehbaz IA, Kudoh H. The correct interpretation and lectotypification of the name Cardamine fallax (Brassicaceae). J Plant Res 2007; 120:655-60. [PMID: 17703344 DOI: 10.1007/s10265-007-0107-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2007] [Accepted: 06/12/2007] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
The name Cardamine fallax (O. E. Schulz) Nakai, based on Cardamine flexuosa subsp. fallax O. E. Schulz, is lectotypified by the specimen originating from Japan (Mama-mura, Shimosa) in accordance with the original description and with the current use of the name by the majority of Japanese and Korean authors. Contrary to the treatment in the recent editions of the Flora of China and Flora of Japan, hexaploid C. fallax is considered here as a taxon different from diploid C. parviflora L. The main morphological difference between these two species is in the shape of cauline leaves. Those of C. parviflora are pinnatisect (lower ones seldom pinnate), with oblanceolate to linear, entire or almost entire segments or leaflets, and those of C. fallax are pinnate, usually with petiolulate, lobate, pinnatipartite to pinnatisect leaflets. The distribution area of C. fallax includes Japan, Korea and Eastern China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karol Marhold
- Institute of Botany, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 14, 845 23, Bratislava, Slovak Republic.
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