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2021 Distinguished Scientists of the American Heart Association. Hypertension 2021; 78:1158-60. [PMID: 34455815 DOI: 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.121.18160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Marson P, Punzi L. Venice and its role in the history of cardiovascular medicine. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2021; 31:2512-2513. [PMID: 34154887 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2021.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Piero Marson
- Apheresis Unit, Department of Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital of Padua, Italy; Institute of History of Rheumatology, Venice - Italian Society of Rheumatology, Italy.
| | - Leonardo Punzi
- Institute of History of Rheumatology, Venice - Italian Society of Rheumatology, Italy
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary H Gibbons
- From the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD (G.H.G.); Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD (C.E.S.); and the Scripps Research Translational Institute, La Jolla, CA (E.J.T.)
| | - Christine E Seidman
- From the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD (G.H.G.); Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD (C.E.S.); and the Scripps Research Translational Institute, La Jolla, CA (E.J.T.)
| | - Eric J Topol
- From the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD (G.H.G.); Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD (C.E.S.); and the Scripps Research Translational Institute, La Jolla, CA (E.J.T.)
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Shah DJ. Guest Editor Dipan J. Shah Lends Expertise and Insight to Special Issue on Cardiovascular Imaging. Methodist Debakey Cardiovasc J 2021; 16:74. [PMID: 32670465 DOI: 10.14797/mdcj-16-2-74] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
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Texas Heart Institute Medal and the Ray C. Fish Award for Scientific Achievement in Cardiovascular Diseases. Tex Heart Inst J 2020; 47:75-7. [PMID: 32603471 DOI: 10.14503/THIJ-20-7329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Guzik TJ, Olson EN. Leaders in Cardiovascular Research: Eric Olson. Cardiovasc Res 2020; 116:e54-e55. [PMID: 31898733 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvz298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz J Guzik
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Eric N Olson
- Department of Molecular Biology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX 75390-9148, USA
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Menotti A, Puddu PE. How the Seven Countries Study contributed to the launch and development of cardiovascular epidemiology in Italy. A historical perspective. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2020; 30:368-383. [PMID: 31848054 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2019.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Revised: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The Italian research group of the Seven Countries Study of Cardiovascular Diseases (SCS), through the independent use of the national cohorts and data, had the lucky opportunity, starting in the early 1960, to launch the Italian research in epidemiology of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). In this way, the Italian Section of that international study became the first investigation with baseline measurements in various cohorts, subsequent re-examinations, systematic search for morbid events, and follow-up for mortality up to 50 years. A large number of scientific aspects has been tackled including estimates of morbidity and mortality rates, the association of risk factors with cardiovascular events and total mortality, the role of risk factor changes, the use of multivariable models, the role of lifestyle behavior, the determinants of all-cause mortality including risk factors rarely measured in other studies, the identification of characteristics of a condition called Heart Disease of Uncertain Etiology (HDUE), the production of predictive tools for practical use and several other issues. All this has been enhanced by the availability of extremely long follow-up data rarely found in other studies. Field work organization, measurement techniques, diagnostic criteria, data handling and computing had the limitations and difficulties typical of those times, the mid of last century, when CVD epidemiology was at its beginning. All this represented anyhow the start of CVD epidemiology research in the country and was the stimulus to the start of other studies and a valuable collaboration with some of them.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Paolo E Puddu
- Association for Cardiac Research, 00198, Rome, Italy; EA 4650, Signalisation, électrophysiologie et imagerie des lésions d'ischémie reperfusion myocardique, UNICAEN, 14000, Caen, France; Department of Cardiovascular, Respiratory, Nephrological, Anesthesiologic and Geriatric Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161, Rome, Italy.
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Abstract
The rate of cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality reduction in the United States has plateaued recently, despite the development of novel preventive pharmacotherapies, increased access to care, and healthcare spending. This is largely due to American's poor dietary patterns and practices causing increasing trends in the prevalence of obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus. For decades, dietary guidelines on 'healthy diets' to reduce CVD risk, grounded in epidemiological research, have been nationally distributed to Americans. In this review, we highlight landmark events in modern nutrition science and how these have framed past and current understandings of diet and health. We also follow the evolution of dietary recommendations for Americans throughout the years, with an emphasis on recommendations aimed to reduce risk for CVD and mortality. Secondly, we examine how the low-fat ideology came to dominate America in the last decades of the 20th century and subsequently contributed to an excess intake of refined carbohydrates which, in the context of an increasingly sedentary lifestyle, may have fueled the obesity epidemic. We then examine the current major evidence-based dietary patterns and specific dietary approaches to reduce CVD risk, reviewing the literature surrounding nutritional components of the heart-healthy diet and discussing the dietary patterns proven most effective for CVD prevention: the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet, the Mediterranean diet, and the healthy vegetarian diet. Finally, we discuss emerging dietary trends, considerations for nutrition counseling, and future directions within the important field of nutrition, with the ultimate goal of improving vascular health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Mercado Fischer
- The Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Vincent A Pallazola
- The Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Helen Xun
- The Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Miguel Cainzos-Achirica
- The Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Erin D Michos
- The Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Bremner JD, Wittbrodt MT, Shah AJ, Pearce BD, Gurel NZ, Inan OT, Raggi P, Lewis TT, Quyyumi AA, Vaccarino V. Confederates in the Attic: Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, Cardiovascular Disease, and the Return of Soldier's Heart. J Nerv Ment Dis 2020; 208:171-180. [PMID: 32091470 PMCID: PMC8214871 DOI: 10.1097/nmd.0000000000001100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Da Costa originally described Soldier's Heart in the 19th Century as a syndrome that occurred on the battlefield in soldiers of the American Civil War. Soldier's Heart involved symptoms similar to modern day posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) as well as exaggerated cardiovascular reactivity felt to be related to an abnormality of the heart. Interventions were appropriately focused on the cardiovascular system. With the advent of modern psychoanalysis, psychiatric symptoms became divorced from the body and were relegated to the unconscious. Later, the physiology of PTSD and other psychiatric disorders was conceived as solely residing in the brain. More recently, advances in psychosomatic medicine led to the recognition of mind-body relationships and the involvement of multiple physiological systems in the etiology of disorders, including stress, depression PTSD, and cardiovascular disease, has moved to the fore, and has renewed interest in the validity of the original model of the Soldier's Heart syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Douglas Bremner
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta
- Department of Radiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta
- Atlanta VA Medical Center, Decatur
| | - Matthew T. Wittbrodt
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta
| | - Amit J. Shah
- Atlanta VA Medical Center, Decatur
- Department of Medicine (Cardiology), Emory University School of Medicine, Emory University
| | - Bradley D. Pearce
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University
| | - Nil Z. Gurel
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Omer T. Inan
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia
- Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Paolo Raggi
- Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute and Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Tené T. Lewis
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University
| | - Arshed A. Quyyumi
- Department of Medicine (Cardiology), Emory University School of Medicine, Emory University
| | - Viola Vaccarino
- Department of Medicine (Cardiology), Emory University School of Medicine, Emory University
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University
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NCD Risk Factor Collaboration (NCD-RisC)—Americas Working Group. Trends in cardiometabolic risk factors in the Americas between 1980 and 2014: a pooled analysis of population-based surveys. Lancet Glob Health 2020; 8:e123-33. [PMID: 31839128 DOI: 10.1016/S2214-109X(19)30484-X] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Revised: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Describing the prevalence and trends of cardiometabolic risk factors that are associated with non-communicable diseases (NCDs) is crucial for monitoring progress, planning prevention, and providing evidence to support policy efforts. We aimed to analyse the transition in body-mass index (BMI), obesity, blood pressure, raised blood pressure, and diabetes in the Americas, between 1980 and 2014. METHODS We did a pooled analysis of population-based studies with data on anthropometric measurements, biomarkers for diabetes, and blood pressure from adults aged 18 years or older. A Bayesian model was used to estimate trends in BMI, raised blood pressure (systolic blood pressure ≥140 mm Hg or diastolic blood pressure ≥90 mm Hg), and diabetes (fasting plasma glucose ≥7·0 mmol/L, history of diabetes, or diabetes treatment) from 1980 to 2014, in 37 countries and six subregions of the Americas. FINDINGS 389 population-based surveys from the Americas were available. Comparing prevalence estimates from 2014 with those of 1980, in the non-English speaking Caribbean subregion, the prevalence of obesity increased from 3·9% (95% CI 2·2-6·3) in 1980, to 18·6% (14·3-23·3) in 2014, in men; and from 12·2% (8·2-17·0) in 1980, to 30·5% (25·7-35·5) in 2014, in women. The English-speaking Caribbean subregion had the largest increase in the prevalence of diabetes, from 5·2% (2·1-10·4) in men and 6·4% (2·6-10·4) in women in 1980, to 11·1% (6·4-17·3) in men and 13·6% (8·2-21·0) in women in 2014). Conversely, the prevalence of raised blood pressure has decreased in all subregions; the largest decrease was found in North America from 27·6% (22·3-33·2) in men and 19·9% (15·8-24·4) in women in 1980, to 15·5% (11·1-20·9) in men and 10·7% (7·7-14·5) in women in 2014. INTERPRETATION Despite the generally high prevalence of cardiometabolic risk factors across the Americas, estimates also showed a high level of heterogeneity in the transition between countries. The increasing prevalence of obesity and diabetes observed over time requires appropriate measures to deal with these public health challenges. Our results support a diversification of health interventions across subregions and countries. FUNDING Wellcome Trust.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heribert Schunkert
- Deutsches Herzzentrum München, Klinik für Herz- und Kreislauferkrankungen, Technische Universität München, Lazarettstr. 36, Munich, Germany
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research) e.V., Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Nilesh J Samani
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester and NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, UK
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Hemmati P, Arghami A, Dearani JA, Daly RC, Schaff HV. One Hundred and Counting: Dr Dwight C. McGoon's Enduring Legacy. Ann Thorac Surg 2019; 108:641-644. [PMID: 30986417 DOI: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2019.02.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Revised: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Dr Dwight C. McGoon, a prolific surgeon at the Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minnesota, achieved an amazing feat during the early days of cardiac surgery. In 1965, he reported a series of 100 consecutive aortic valve replacements with no in-hospital mortality. As a pioneer in adult and congenital cardiac surgery, his other contributions included novel uses of left ventricular and biventricular extracardiac conduits and describing repairs for mitral regurgitation resulting from ruptured chordae, transposition of the great arteries, truncus arteriosus, pulmonary stenosis, and pulmonary atresia. More than 50 years later, Dr McGoon is still remembered for his technical prowess, innovation, mentorship, and humanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pouya Hemmati
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Arman Arghami
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota.
| | - Joseph A Dearani
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Richard C Daly
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Hartzell V Schaff
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
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Hamilton DJ. Guest Editor Dale Hamilton Provides Expert Guidance for Special Issue on Cardiac Metabolism. Methodist Debakey Cardiovasc J 2019; 13:1. [PMID: 28413572 DOI: 10.14797/mdcj-13-1-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
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Handelsman Y. Gerald Reaven: A man for our times. Diab Vasc Dis Res 2019; 16:113-115. [PMID: 31014094 DOI: 10.1177/1479164119827769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Blackburn H. The Origins and Early Evolution of Epidemiologic Research in Cardiovascular Diseases: A Tabular Record of Cohort and Case-Control Studies and Preventive Trials Initiated From 1946 to 1976. Am J Epidemiol 2019; 188:1-8. [PMID: 30239595 PMCID: PMC6321797 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwy175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2018] [Revised: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This article serves as a ready reference guide to the pioneering formal studies in cardiovascular disease (CVD) epidemiology initiated during 3 decades of the subject's evolution into an established academic field that contributed to the public health. The article is not intended to be a history of CVD epidemiology or an editorial about its significance. The appended tables include the titles and starting dates of the early studies, the names of their principal investigators, and references to a single defining article from each. The early observational studies of CVD epidemiology provided a widely useful CVD risk-factor paradigm. The early clinical trials justified the more definitive preventive trials of the 1980s and beyond. This early research in populations, along with others in clinics and laboratories, led to greater understanding of the causes of CVD, to a vigorous practice of preventive cardiology, and to national policy and programs of health promotion, all of which were coincident with a 50-year decline in CVD mortality rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry Blackburn
- Division of Epidemiology, University of Minnesota School of Public Health, Minneapolis
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Abstract
There is today an exponential increase in prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), especially in young people. This downward shift in age of onset of T2DM has been shown by abundant evidence to be due to an increase in obesity among the young, the latter mainly attributable to unhealthy dietary habits and a sedentary lifestyle. It is therefore obvious that the prevention of diabetes rather its treatment is of is paramount importance. In the past decade, because concerns about the safety of antidiabetic agents took precedence over the issue of efficacy, almost all studies have been diabetes CVOTs and not traditional CVOTs. Until 2015, the evidence showed that antidiabetic agents are effective in terms of reduction of microvascular, as opposed to macrovascular, complications. However, following publication of the results of some new studies, it became clear that the new class of antidiabetic drugs, e.g., SGLT 2 inhibitors and GLP-1 agonists, are also effective in reducing cardiovascular disease (CVD). In the coming decade, numerous health challenges are expected to arise, the most important being the greater expansion of the therapeutic armamentarium for T2DM and the adoption of strategies for prevention of CVDs. In parallel, the new generation of antidiabetic agents will target the recently investigated pathophysiologic disorders of diabetes, while, ideally, treatments should include smart drugs without side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihad A Haddad
- Center for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Prince Hamzah Hospital, 3034, Amman, 11181, Jordan.
| | - Aiman N Haddad
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Princess Royal University Hospital, King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, 6B Durham Road, Bromley, London, BR2 0SG, UK.
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Vanuzzo D, Giampaoli S. [70th Anniversary of the Framingham Heart Study. Cardiovascular epidemiology from the past to the future]. G Ital Cardiol (Rome) 2018; 19:601-605. [PMID: 30425388 DOI: 10.1714/3012.30106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Diego Vanuzzo
- Associazione Nazionale Medici Cardiologi Ospedalieri, Fondazione "per il Tuo cuore" HCF ONLUS, Firenze
| | - Simona Giampaoli
- Dipartimento Malattie Cardiovascolari, Dismetaboliche e dell'Invecchiamento, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Roma
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Pirelli S, Ferratini M. [Prof. Fausto Rovelli]. G Ital Cardiol (Rome) 2018; 19:530-531. [PMID: 30087515 DOI: 10.1714/2951.29673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Maurizio Ferratini
- U.O. Cardiologia Riabilitativa S. Maria Nascente-Fondazione Don Gnocchi, Milano
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Katie Thomas talks to Rory Collins, international leader in population and epidemiology studies in cardiovascular disease. Cardiovasc Res 2018; 114:e32. [PMID: 29590389 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvy046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Mehran R. The History of Clinical Research Workshop at CIT: A Ten Year Perspective. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv 2018. [PMID: 29542282 DOI: 10.1002/ccd.27608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Guzik T. Professor Charalambos Antoniades interviews Professor Tomasz Guzik, incoming Editor-in-Chief of Cardiovascular Research. Cardiovasc Res 2018; 114:e10. [PMID: 29293916 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvx232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Teixeira JF. [Professor Doutor António Braga: Records of the life of the Man and the Master.]. Rev Port Cir Cardiotorac Vasc 2018; 25:7-10. [PMID: 30317702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
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Hansson GK. Dr Jérémy Fauconnier talks with Prof Göran K. Hansson. Cardiovasc Res 2017; 113:e57-e58. [PMID: 29186437 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvx189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Bazyka D. Twenty five years of the National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine - progress and priorities for future of radiation medicine and biology. Probl Radiac Med Radiobiol 2017; 22:10-14. [PMID: 29286493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
After the creation of the Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine in 1993 the Research Center for Radiation Medicine was among the first institutions to join the Academy (fig. 1). Estab lishing the Academy was among the first steps of the independent Ukrainian government and aimed to provide a high level health care for population. It was extremely needed for the minimization of Chornobyl medical consequences. This choice was related to a growing recognition of the scientific research in fulfilling the Сenter's mission - study of the effects of low dose radiation on human body and radiation protection of the exposed population.The Center entered the Academy as a potent insti tution. Director General Dr. Anatoly Romanenko and his first deputy prof. Oles Pyatak were lucky to concentrate in three institutes of the Center a talent ed workforce including director of the Institute of Clinical Radiology prof Volodymyr Bebeshko, director of the Institute of Epidemiology and Prophylaxis of radiation Injuries prof. Volodymyr Buzunov, director of the Institute of Experimental Radiology prof. Mikhail Rudnev. Drs. T. Azaren kova, S. Galkina, V. Boer, T. Treskunova were appointed as scientific secretaries. Dosimetry divi sion was headed by brilliant prof Ilya Likhtarev and his staff Drs. I. Los, V. Korzun, V. Repin, O. Pere voznikov, O. Bondarenko, V. Chumak and others.The Center met creation of the Academy with expe rienced research and clinical staff encountering 1587 members, including 272 research staff, 28 doctors of science and 98 PhDs, modern diagnostic and labo ratory equipment, 300 beds in clinical departments and construction of hospital and out patient hospi tal in Svyatoshin. Scientific staff included experi enced prof. I. Khomaziuk, prof. B. Prevarsky, prof. V. Zamostian, prof. P. Chayalo, prof. M. Omelya nets, prof. A. Prysyazhnyuk. Dr. A. Niagu, Dr. E. Stepanova, Dr. A.Chumak, Dr. V. Klymenko, Dr. D. Komarenko, M. Pilinska, L.Ovsiannikova, O. Pi rogova. were among the first academic supervisors in studies of Chornobyl health effects and got professor certificates in this new area. First PhD theses were successfully passed by Dr. E. Gorbov, and Dr. of Sciences - by Dr. D. Bazyka. Basics of future aca demic research directions were elaborated that time by Drs. O. Kovalenko, Zh. Minchenko, V. Talko, I. Holyavka, D. Belyi, D. Yakimenko, E. Mikhai lovska, V. Malyzhev, V. Sushko, A. Cheban, K. Lo ganovsky, K. Bruslova, I. Dyagil, T. Liubarets, O. Kucher, G. Chobotko, and others. Later the major ity of these studies formed a background for Chornobyl legislation, regulatory directives, pre sented as dissertations.A quarter of century passed. The Center as a part of the National Academy of Medical Sciences resisted the challenges and moved forward, was recognized worldwide and fulfilled its main mission - providing highly qualified health care to radiation exposed. Staff numbers decreased (1,091), but work amount has increased. Since 2000, new premises were installed - a hospital with the biggest in Ukraine outpatient clin ic, new laboratory facilities, the last of which was in troduced in 2013. The Academy became a national one and since 2011 the Center was recognized as a national research institution (NRCRM), staff mem bers received 3 State Awards of Ukraine in the Field of Science and Technology, numerous personal awards.During this period, NRCRM staff conducted and published priority research data on radiation risks and molecular mechanisms of leukemia, including chronic lymphocytic, myelodysplastic syndrome, multiple myeloma, thyroid cancer, breast cancer in Chornobyl accident cleanup workers. Studies of the mechanisms of non tumor pathology - cardio vascular, cerebrovascular, cognitive disorders are in process. Of high importance are studies of possible transgenerational effects of radiation. The devel oped new technologies and protocols for the advanced care of radiation exposed were intro duced to the general health care system, the addi tional departments of oncology and chemotherapy were equipped and started activities, databases of cancer cases in exposed population and separate groups of exposed were introduced, as well as an international database of radiation injuries. The Clinical and Epidemiological registry of the NRCRM is in function and developed. An adapta tion of research directions with a respect to the pathomorphosis of radiation induced diseases in the remote period after irradiation will continue.Performed complex studies of the effects of incorporation of 131I on the fetus and the next gen eration of experimental animals became important for understanding the mechanisms of formation of radiation effects. Introduction of new foodstuffs and supplements with radiation protective proper ties was of positive effect for population protection during the first years.In the area of dosimetry a substantial progress has been achieved in reconstruction of thyroid doses in the Ukrainian population, dosimetric passportisation of settlements, radiochemistry, the creation of new methods for reconstructive dosimetry for cleanup workers - SEAD, RADRUE, and ROCKVILLE. All developments are implemented to practice, tens of thousands of doses have been restored. International recognition has received for the method of in utero doses reconstruction. As editor in chief, I regard it successful to incorporate our bilingual edition «Problems of Radiation Medicine and Radiobiology» into the NCBI MedLine, SCOPUS and other data bases, that creates an unique opportunity to widely disseminate results of the Center's research.Strategies for the future. Ukraine belongs to countries with a priority development of nuclear energy. Even with the increase in the production of clean energy, there is no other way than the further deployment of a complete nuclear fuel cycle and energy industrial complex, the expansion of the nuclear technologies to all sectors of the economy.The main potential threats to radiation safety include the aging of the material base of the NPPs with the prolongation of the working life for nuclear reactors with the expired terms of exploitation; the existence of a «nuclear legacy» sites of the former USSR in the territories of enterprises for the extrac tion and processing of uranium ores. About 5,000 institutions and enterprises use more than 25,000 sources of ionizing radiation in general. The use of radiological technologies and sources of ionizing radiation in medicine is increasing, in particular the burden on patients and staff in invasive cardiac sur gery. This will require significant efforts from the NRCRM to ensure an adequate radiation protec tion of the population, taking into account the experience collected during the mitigation of health effects of Chornobyl. Radiological threats of malev olent use of nuclear technology hasn't be forgotten.The mission of the NRCRM is to expand basic research of the health effects of ionizing radiation, elaboration and implementation of the care and radiation protection of population. Background for future is paved by a successful implementation of a special program of medical and biophysical control of personnel during transformation of the Shelter object into an environmentally safe sys tem, the State social program of increasing safty, labor hygiene and environment for 2014-2018; many years of successful cooperation with the State Nuclear Regulatory Inspectorate, the Natio nal Commission for Radiation Protection, «Ener goatom» company, the relevant departments of the Ministry of Health, international organizations such as WHO, UNSCEAR, IAEA, IARC, the US National Cancer Institute, IRSN, Nagasaki, Hiroshima, Fukushima universities and others.From the editorial board I congratulate the staff of the Center with the twenty fifth anniversary of the Academy. I would like also to wish the National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine new ad vances in medical science and practice, sustainabil ity, unity, development and worldwide recognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Bazyka
- State Institution «National Research Center for Radiation Medicine of the National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine», Melnykova str., 53, Kyiv, 04050, Ukraine
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Affiliation(s)
- V J Marmion
- Bristol Eye Hospital and University of Bristol, UK
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Biduchak А, Chornenka Z. WORLD AND NATIONAL EXPERIENCE IN ORGANIZATION OF PREVENTION OF CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES. Georgian Med News 2017:43-47. [PMID: 29227257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to examine the global, European and national experience in the implementation of preventive programs and to reveal their value in health, economy and social health development. The conducted research has found that the implementation of the national program, the correct methodological approach of the physician to evaluate risk factors, and implementing preventive measures of diseases of the circulatory system bring positive results (reduction of prevalence and incidence of cerebral stroke by 13,7% and 1,4%, respectively). The results of the analysis of the health care industry pointed out the possible directions of optimization of prevention of behavioral risk factors in the practice of family medicine as the first point of contact with the patient, where preventive measures are essential and effective. Summing up, it should be noted that at the level of primary health care, particularly family medicine, with effectively coordinated work and correctly set motivation, the preventive measures against risk factors of diseases of circulatory system can be quite effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- А Biduchak
- Higher State Educational Institution of Ukraine «Bukovinian State Medical University», Ukraine
| | - Zh Chornenka
- Higher State Educational Institution of Ukraine «Bukovinian State Medical University», Ukraine
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ATVB Named Lecture Review-Insight Into Author: Hiroaki Shimokawa. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2017; 37:780. [PMID: 28446471 DOI: 10.1161/ATV.0000000000000053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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ATVB Named Lecture Review-Insight Into Author. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2017; 37:381-2. [PMID: 28228440 DOI: 10.1161/ATV.0000000000000046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Hanna DB, Ramaswamy C, Kaplan RC, Kizer JR, Anastos K, Daskalakis D, Zimmerman R, Braunstein SL. Trends in Cardiovascular Disease Mortality Among Persons With HIV in New York City, 2001-2012. Clin Infect Dis 2016; 63:1122-1129. [PMID: 27444412 PMCID: PMC5873364 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciw470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Accepted: 07/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiovascular disease (CVD) has become more prominent among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected individuals. The extent to which CVD mortality rates are changing is unclear. METHODS We analyzed surveillance data for all persons aged ≥13 years with HIV infection between 2001 and 2012 reported to the New York City HIV Surveillance Registry. We examined age-specific and age-standardized mortality rates due to major CVDs. We compared mortality time trends among persons with HIV with the general population, and examined differences among HIV-infected persons by RNA level. RESULTS There were 29 588 deaths reported among 145 845 HIV-infected persons. Ten percent of deaths were attributed to CVD as the underlying cause, including chronic ischemic heart disease (42% of CVD deaths), hypertensive diseases (27%), and cerebrovascular diseases (10%). While proportionate mortality due to CVD among persons with HIV increased (6% in 2001 to 15% in 2012, P < .001), the CVD mortality rate decreased from 5.1 to 2.7 per 1000 person-years. After controlling for sex, race/ethnicity, borough of residence, and year, those with HIV had significantly higher CVD mortality than the general population in all age groups through age 65. The CVD mortality rate was highest among viremic persons (adjusted rate ratio [RR], 3.53 [95% confidence interval {CI}, 3.21-3.87]) but still elevated among virally suppressed (<400 copies/mL) persons (adjusted RR, 1.53 [95% CI, 1.41-1.66]) compared with the general population. CONCLUSIONS Our findings support continued emphasis by HIV care providers on both viremic control and preventive measures including smoking cessation, blood pressure control, and lipid management.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jorge R. Kizer
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx
| | - Kathryn Anastos
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx
| | | | - Regina Zimmerman
- Department of Office of Vital Statistics, New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, Long Island City, New York
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Tzeng E. My Continuing Evolution as a Surgeon-Scientist: A Decade after the Jacobson Promising Investigator Award. J Am Coll Surg 2016; 224:75-78. [PMID: 27725220 DOI: 10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2016.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2016] [Accepted: 09/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
THE SECOND JOAN L AND JULIUS H JACOBSON PROMISING INVESTIGATOR AWARDEE, EDITH TZENG MD, FACS: In 2005, the Surgical Research Committee of the American College of Surgeons was tasked with selecting the recipient of a newly established award, "The Joan L and Julius H Jacobson Promising Investigator Award." According to the Jacobsons, the award funded by Dr Jacobson should be given at least once every 2 years to a surgeon investigator at "the tipping point," who can demonstrate that his or her research shows the promise of leading to a significant contribution to the practice of surgery and patient safety. Every year, the Surgical Research Committee receives many excellent nominations and has the difficult task of selecting one awardee. The first awardee was Michael Longaker MD, FACS, who 10 years later reflected on the award and the impact it had on his career.1 This year, Edith Tzeng, MD, FACS, the second Jacobson awardee, reflects on her 10-year journey after receiving the award. Dr Tzeng is now a national and international figure in the field of vascular surgery and has studied the effect of nitric oxide and carbon monoxide on intimal hyperplasia. Kamal MF Itani, MD, FACS and Leigh Neumayer, MD, FACS, on behalf of the Surgical Research Committee of the American College of Surgeons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edith Tzeng
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh and VA Pittsburgh Health Service, Pittsburgh, PA.
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Cooke JP. Guest Editor John Cooke Lends Expertise on Special Cardiovascular Regeneration Issue. Methodist Debakey Cardiovasc J 2016; 11:153. [PMID: 26634020 DOI: 10.14797/mdcj-11-3-153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
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Casagrande SS, Menke A, Cowie CC. Cardiovascular Risk Factors of Adults Age 20-49 Years in the United States, 1971-2012: A Series of Cross-Sectional Studies. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0161770. [PMID: 27552151 PMCID: PMC4995093 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0161770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2016] [Accepted: 08/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The health of younger adults in the U.S. has important public health and economic-related implications. However, previous literature is insufficient to fully understand how the health of this group has changed over time. This study examined generational differences in cardiovascular risk factors of younger adults over the past 40 years. Methods Data were from 6 nationally representative cross-sectional National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (1971–2012; N = 44,670). Participants were adults age 20–49 years who self-reported sociodemographic characteristics and health conditions, and had examination/laboratory measures for hypertension, hyperlipidemia, diabetes, obesity, and chronic kidney disease. Prevalences of sociodemographic characteristics and health status were determined by study period. Logistic regression was used to determine the odds [odds ratio (OR), 95% confidence interval] of health conditions by study period: models adjusted only for age, sex, and race, and fully adjusted models additionally adjusted for socioeconomic characteristics, smoking, BMI, diabetes, and/or hypertension (depending on the outcome) were assessed. Results Participants in 2009–2012 were significantly more likely to be obese and have diabetes compared to those in 1971–1975 (OR = 4.98, 3.57–6.97; OR = 3.49, 1.59–7.65, respectively, fully adjusted). Participants in 2009–2012 vs. 1988–1994 were significantly more likely to have had hypertension but uncontrolled hypertension was significantly less likely (OR = 0.67, 0.52–0.86, fully adjusted). There was no difference over time for high cholesterol, but uncontrolled high cholesterol was significantly less likely in 2009–2012 vs. 1988–1994 (OR = 0.80, 0.68–0.94, fully adjusted). The use of hypertensive and cholesterol medications increased while chronic kidney and cardiovascular diseases were relatively stable. Conclusions Cardiovascular risk factors of younger U.S. adults have worsened over the past 40 years, but treatment for hypertension and high cholesterol has improved. The sub-optimal and worsening health in younger adults may have a substantial impact on health care utilization and costs, and should be considered when developing health care practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah S. Casagrande
- Public Health Research, Social & Scientific Systems, Inc., Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Andy Menke
- Public Health Research, Social & Scientific Systems, Inc., Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Catherine C. Cowie
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolic Diseases, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiovascular disease has emerged as the world's leading cause of death in the last century. An epidemiological focus of this disease that extends not only beyond the developed world but also far back into antiquity asks new questions about associated risk factors. Ancient mummies found in the Atacama desert are well preserved and show signs of cardiovascular disease as early as 1000B.C. in Peru and Chile. METHOD AND RESULTS Gross and histopathological examination of specimens shows atherosclerosis, cardiomegaly, endocarditis, and myocardial fibrosis. CONCLUSION In comparison to other ancient populations, less atherosclerosis has been noted in South American mummies. The chewing of coca leaves, a habitual cultural practice unique to the region, supports evidence of reduced cardiovascular risk among ancient people living in South America.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander N Gabrovsky
- Department of Pathology, Medical College of Virginia Campus, Virginia Commonwealth University, USA.
| | | | - Enrique Gerszten
- Department of Pathology, Medical College of Virginia Campus, Virginia Commonwealth University, USA
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Patterson K. Gerald W. Dorn II: Thinker, Teacher, Tinkerer. Circ Res 2016; 118:199-202. [PMID: 26838313 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.115.308213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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White H. Robin Mackenzie Norris. N Z Med J 2015; 128:75-77. [PMID: 27352450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
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Ordunez P, Prieto-Lara E, Pinheiro Gawryszewski V, Hennis AJM, Cooper RS. Premature Mortality from Cardiovascular Disease in the Americas - Will the Goal of a Decline of "25% by 2025" be Met? PLoS One 2015; 10:e0141685. [PMID: 26512989 PMCID: PMC4626103 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0141685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2015] [Accepted: 10/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the underlying cause 1.6 million deaths per year in the Americas, accounting for 30% of total mortality and 38% of by non-communicable deaths diseases (NCDs). A 25% reduction in premature mortality due four main NCDs was targeted by the 2011 High-level Meeting of the General Assembly on the Prevention and Control of NCDs. While overall CVD mortality fell in the Americas during the past decade, trends in premature CVD mortality during the same period have not been described, particularly in the countries of Latin America and the Caribbean. Methods This is a population-based trend-series study based on a total of 6,133,666 deaths to describe the trends and characteristics of premature mortality due to CVD and to estimates of the average annual percentage of change during the period 2000–2010 in the Americas. Findings Premature mortality due to CVD in the Americas fell by 21% in the period 2000–2010 with a -2.5% average annual rate of change in the last 5 year—a statistically significant reduction of mortality—. Mortality from ischemic diseases, declined by 25% - 24% among men and 26% among women. Cerebrovascular diseases declined by 27% -26% among men and 28% among women. Guyana, Trinidad and Tobago, the Dominican Republic, Bahamas, and Brazil had CVD premature mortality rates over 200 per 100,000 population, while the average for the Region was 132.7. US and Canada will meet the 25% reduction target before 2025. Mexico, Costa Rica, Venezuela, Dominican Republic, Panama, Guyana, and El Salvador did not significantly reduce premature mortality among men and Guyana, the Dominican Republic, and Panama did not achieve the required annual reduction in women. Conclusions Trends in premature mortality due to CVD observed in last decade in the Americas would indicate that if these trends continue, the Region as a whole and a majority of its countries will be able to reach the goal of a 25% relative reduction in premature mortality even before 2025.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Ordunez
- Pan American Health Organization, Department of Noncommunicable Diseases and Mental Health, 525 23rd Street, NW, Washington, D.C., 20037, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Elisa Prieto-Lara
- Pan American Health Organization, Department of Noncommunicable Diseases and Mental Health, 525 23rd Street, NW, Washington, D.C., 20037, United States of America
| | - Vilma Pinheiro Gawryszewski
- Pan American Health Organization, Department of Noncommunicable Diseases and Mental Health, 525 23rd Street, NW, Washington, D.C., 20037, United States of America
| | - Anselm J. M. Hennis
- Pan American Health Organization, Department of Noncommunicable Diseases and Mental Health, 525 23rd Street, NW, Washington, D.C., 20037, United States of America
| | - Richard S. Cooper
- Loyola University Chicago, Stritch School of Medicine, Department of Public Health Sciences, Maywood, IL, 60153, United States of America
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Peterson ED. The Lasker Awards--Recognizing and Valuing Investments in Cardiovascular Research. JAMA 2015; 314:1121-2. [PMID: 26372573 DOI: 10.1001/jama.2015.10486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eric D Peterson
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina2Associate Editor, JAMA
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Menotti A, Puddu PE. [Historic origins of the mediterranean diet: the Seven Countries Study of Cardiovascular Diseases]. Epidemiol Prev 2015; 39:285-288. [PMID: 26554676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Paolo Emilio Puddu
- Dipartimento di scienze cardiovascolari, respiratorie, nefrologiche, anestesiologiche e geriatriche, Sapienza Università di Roma.
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Lane R. Salim Yusuf: global leader in cardiovascular disease research. Lancet 2015; 386:645. [PMID: 26334148 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(15)61492-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Dzau V, Ince S. Victor Dzau: cardiovascular physician scientist takes helm at IOM. Circ Res 2015; 117:13-6. [PMID: 26089363 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.115.306893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Sen-Chowdhry S, McKenna WJ. Standing on the Shoulders of Giants: J.A.P. Paré and the Birth of Cardiovascular Genetics. Can J Cardiol 2015; 31:1305-8. [PMID: 26440511 DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2015.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2015] [Revised: 05/31/2015] [Accepted: 05/31/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Sudden death and stroke afflicted a family from rural Quebec with such frequency as to be called the Coaticook curse by the local community. In Montreal in the late 1950s, a team of physicians led by J.A.P. Paré investigated this family for inherited cardiovascular disease. Their efforts resulted in an extensive and now classic description of familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. A quarter of a century later, the same family was the subject of linkage analysis and direct sequencing, culminating in the isolation of a mutation in the gene encoding the β myosin heavy chain. MYH7 was the first gene implicated in a cardiovascular disease, which paved the way for identification of mutations in other heritable disorders, mechanistic studies, and clinical applications, such as predictive testing. The present era of cardiovascular genomics arguably had its inception in the clinical observations of Dr Paré and his colleagues more than 50 years ago.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srijita Sen-Chowdhry
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, United Kingdom; Department of Epidemiology, Imperial College, St Mary's Campus, Norfolk Place, London, United Kingdom
| | - William J McKenna
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, United Kingdom; Heart Hospital, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar.
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González-Moreno M, Saborido C, Teira D. Disease-mongering through clinical trials. Stud Hist Philos Biol Biomed Sci 2015; 51:11-18. [PMID: 25863220 DOI: 10.1016/j.shpsc.2015.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2014] [Revised: 12/09/2014] [Accepted: 02/20/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Our goal in this paper is to articulate a precise concept of at least a certain kind of disease-mongering, showing how pharmaceutical marketing can commercially exploit certain diseases when their best definition is given through the success of a treatment in a clinical trial. We distinguish two types of disease-mongering according to the way they exploit the definition of the trial population for marketing purposes. We argue that behind these two forms of disease-mongering there are two well-known problems in the statistical methodology of clinical trials (the reference class problem and the distinction between statistical and clinical significance). Overcoming them is far from simple.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cristian Saborido
- Dpto. de Lógica, Historia y Filosofía de la ciencia, UNED, Paseo de senda del rey 7, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - David Teira
- Dpto. de Lógica, Historia y Filosofía de la ciencia, UNED, Paseo de senda del rey 7, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco M Galassi
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences - DIMEC, University of Bologna, Italy.
| | - Claudio Borghi
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences - DIMEC, University of Bologna, Italy
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