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Wu T, Zhong Y, Chen M, Wu B, Wang T, Jiang B, Zhong G. Analysis of CcGASA family members in Citrus clementina (Hort. ex Tan.) by a genome-wide approach. BMC Plant Biol 2021; 21:565. [PMID: 34852791 PMCID: PMC8638133 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-021-03326-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The Gibberellic Acid Stimulated Arabidopsis (GASA) proteins were investigated in the study to help understand their possible roles in fruit trees, particularly in Citrus. A total of 18 CcGASA proteins were identified and characterized in Citrus clementina via a genome-wide approach. It was shown that the CcGASA proteins structurally shared a conserved GASA domain but varied considerably in primary sequences and motif compositions. Thus, they could be classified into three major phylogenetic groups, G1~G3, and two groups, G1 and G3 could be further classified into subgroups. The cis- elements on all CcGASA promoters were identified and categorized, and the associated transcription factors were predicted. In addition, the possible interactions between the CcGASA proteins and other proteins were predicted. All the clues suggested that these genes should be involved in defense against biotic and abiotic stresses and in growth and development. The notion was further supported by gene expression analysis that showed these genes were more or less responsive to the treatments of plant hormones (GA3, SA, ABA and IAA), and infections of citrus canker pathogen Xanthomonas citri. It was noted that both the segmental and the tandem duplications had played a role in the expansion of the CcGASA gene family in Citrus. Our results showed that the members of the CcGASA gene family should have structurally and functionally diverged to different degrees, and hence, the representative group members should be individually investigated to dissect their specific roles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianli Wu
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China
- Institute of Fruit Tree Research, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Yun Zhong
- Institute of Fruit Tree Research, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
- Key Laboratory of South Subtropical Fruit Biology and Genetic Resource Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Min Chen
- Institute of Fruit Tree Research, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Bo Wu
- Institute of Fruit Tree Research, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Ting Wang
- Institute of Fruit Tree Research, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Bo Jiang
- Institute of Fruit Tree Research, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Guangyan Zhong
- Institute of Fruit Tree Research, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China.
- Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical of Fruit Tree Research, Science and Technology Department of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, 510640, China.
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Vitalini S, Iriti M, Vinciguerra V, Garzoli S. A Comparative Study of the Chemical Composition by SPME-GC/MS and Antiradical Activity of Less Common Citrus Species. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26175378. [PMID: 34500811 PMCID: PMC8434063 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26175378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Citrus secondary metabolites, such as terpene compounds, are very important for human health due to their bioactivity including anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, and antioxidant effects. In this work, for the first time, the volatile chemical composition of peels and juices from four different Citrus species (C. junos, Citrus × aurantium, C. aurantium 'Bizzarria' and C. medica 'Florentina', commonly known as Yuzu jeune, Oni Yuzu, Bizzarria orange and Florence cedar, respectively) was investigated by Solid-Phase Microextraction-Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry (SPME-GC/MS) technique and the antiradical activity was also examined. The results showed that limonene and γ-terpinene were the main volatile substances detected both in the juices and in the peels, followed by other minority compounds responsible for the phyto-complex of the unique aromas which characterize each individual analyzed Citrus species. Principal component analysis (PCA), performed on volatile compounds, showed both some correlation as well as a clear separation between the juice and the peel of each species. Among them, Oni Yuzu juice was found to be the richest in total polyphenols and flavonoids while its capacity to scavenge ABTS•+ and DPPH• radicals was similar to that of Yuzu Jeune and Bizzarria orange.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Vitalini
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy;
- Phytochem Lab, Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
- National Interuniversity Consortium of Materials Science and Technology (INSTM), 50121 Firenze, Italy
| | - Marcello Iriti
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy;
- Phytochem Lab, Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
- National Interuniversity Consortium of Materials Science and Technology (INSTM), 50121 Firenze, Italy
- Center for Studies on Bioispired Agro-Environmental Technology (BAT Center), Università degli Studi di Napoli ‘Federico II’, 80055 Portici, Italy
- Correspondence: (M.I.); (S.G.)
| | - Vittorio Vinciguerra
- Department for Innovation in Biological Systems, Food and Forestry, University of Tuscia, 01100 Viterbo, Italy;
| | - Stefania Garzoli
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technology, Sapienza University, 00185 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence: (M.I.); (S.G.)
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Lin X, Cao S, Sun J, Lu D, Zhong B, Chun J. The Chemical Compositions, and Antibacterial and Antioxidant Activities of Four Types of Citrus Essential Oils. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26113412. [PMID: 34199966 PMCID: PMC8200181 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26113412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanfeng mandarins (Citrus reticulata Blanco cv. Kinokuni), Xunwu mandarins (Citrus reticulata Blanco), Yangshuo kumquats (Citrus japonica Thunb) and physiologically dropped navel oranges (Citrus sinensis Osbeck cv. Newhall) were used as materials to extract peel essential oils (EOs) via hydrodistillation. The chemical composition, and antibacterial and antioxidant activities of the EOs were investigated. GC-MS analysis showed that monoterpene hydrocarbons were the major components and limonene was the predominate compound for all citrus EOs. The antibacterial testing of EOs against five different bacteria (Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Salmonella typhimurium) was carried out using the filter paper method and the broth microdilution method. Kumquat EO had the best inhibitory effect on B. subtilis, E. coli and S. typhimurium with MIC (minimum inhibitory concentration) values of 1.56, 1.56 and 6.25 µL/mL, respectively. All citrus EOs showed the antioxidant activity of scavenging DPPH and ABTS free radicals in a dose-dependent manner. Nanfeng mandarin EO presented the best antioxidant activity, with IC50 values of 15.20 mg/mL for the DPPH assay and 0.80 mg/mL for the ABTS assay. The results also showed that the antibacterial activities of EOs might not be related to their antioxidant activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaocai Lin
- National Navel Orange Engineering Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341000, China; (X.L.); (S.C.); (J.S.); (B.Z.)
| | - Shan Cao
- National Navel Orange Engineering Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341000, China; (X.L.); (S.C.); (J.S.); (B.Z.)
| | - Jingyu Sun
- National Navel Orange Engineering Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341000, China; (X.L.); (S.C.); (J.S.); (B.Z.)
| | - Dongliang Lu
- College of Chemistry, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341000, China;
| | - Balian Zhong
- National Navel Orange Engineering Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341000, China; (X.L.); (S.C.); (J.S.); (B.Z.)
| | - Jiong Chun
- National Navel Orange Engineering Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341000, China; (X.L.); (S.C.); (J.S.); (B.Z.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-797-839-3608
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Brendel R, Schwolow S, Rohn S, Weller P. Volatilomic Profiling of Citrus Juices by Dual-Detection HS-GC-MS-IMS and Machine Learning-An Alternative Authentication Approach. J Agric Food Chem 2021; 69:1727-1738. [PMID: 33527826 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c07447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A prototype dual-detection headspace-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry-ion mobility spectrometry (HS-GC-MS-IMS) system was used for the analysis of the volatile profile of 47 Citrus juices including grapefruit, blood orange, and common sweet orange juices without requiring any sample pretreatment. Next to reduced measurement times, substance identification could be improved substantially in case of co-elution by considering the characteristic drift times and m/z ratios obtained by IMS and MS. To discriminate the volatile profiles of the different juice types, extensive data analysis was performed with both datasets, respectively. By principal component analysis (PCA), a distinct separation between grapefruit and orange juices was observed. While in the IMS data grapefruit juices not from fruit juice concentrate could be separated from grapefruit juices reconstituted from fruit juice concentrate, in the MS data, the blood orange juices could be differentiated from the orange juices. This observation leads to the assumption that the IMS and MS data contain different information about the composition of the volatile profile. Subsequently, linear discriminant analysis (LDA), support vector machines (SVM), and the k-nearest-neighbor (kNN) algorithm were applied to the PCA data as supervised classification methods. Best results were obtained by LDA after repeated cross-validation for both datasets, with an overall classification and prediction ability of 96.9 and 91.5% for the IMS data and 94.5 and 87.9% for the MS data, respectively, which confirms the results obtained by PCA. Additional data fusion could not generally improve the model prediction ability compared to the single data, but rather for certain juice classes. Consequently, depending on the juice class, the most suitable dataset should be considered for the prediction of the class membership. This volatilomic approach based on the dual detection by HS-GC-MS-IMS and machine learning tools represent a simple and promising alternative for future authenticity control of Citrus juices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Brendel
- Institute for Instrumental Analytics and Bioanalytics, Mannheim University of Applied Sciences, Paul-Wittsack-Straße 10, 68163 Mannheim, Germany
- Institute of Food Chemistry, Hamburg School of Food Science, University of Hamburg, Grindelallee 117, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sebastian Schwolow
- Institute for Instrumental Analytics and Bioanalytics, Mannheim University of Applied Sciences, Paul-Wittsack-Straße 10, 68163 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Sascha Rohn
- Institute of Food Chemistry, Hamburg School of Food Science, University of Hamburg, Grindelallee 117, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Food Chemistry and Analysis, Institute of Food Technology and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Berlin, TIB 4/3-1, Gustav-Meyer-Allee 25, 13355 Berlin, Germany
| | - Philipp Weller
- Institute for Instrumental Analytics and Bioanalytics, Mannheim University of Applied Sciences, Paul-Wittsack-Straße 10, 68163 Mannheim, Germany
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Jin SB, Kim HB, Park S, Kim MJ, Choi CW, Yun SH. Identification of the 'Haryejosaeng' mandarin cultivar by multiplex PCR-based SNP genotyping. Mol Biol Rep 2020; 47:8385-8395. [PMID: 33165816 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-020-05850-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Most satsuma mandarin (Citrus unshiu Marc.) cultivars are difficult to identify in the seedling stage based only on morphological traits. Therefore, simple polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers were developed to specifically and rapidly distinguish the 'Haryejosaeng' cultivar, which is generally supplied to breeders of other satsuma mandarin cultivars. SNP markers were verified using high-resolution melt (HRM)-specific primers. PCR was performed to distinguish 'Haryejosaeng' from eight other satsuma mandarin cultivars using six SNP markers (P1-P6) specific for 'Haryejosaeng', with one negative control SNP primer pair. The best results were obtained using three SNP markers (P1, P2, and P5). In the multiplex PCR, markers P1, P2, and P5 yielded 165-, 150-, and 526-base pair amplicons, respectively, in 'Haryejosaeng', distinguishing it from other satsuma mandarin cultivars. The selected SNP markers were validated by HRM with HRM-specific primers. The multiplex PCR with P1/P5 and P2/P5 also identified 'Haryejosaeng' obtained from a farm growing 17 different cultivars of satsuma mandarin. Specific SNP molecular markers were determined for accurately identifying the 'Haryejosaeng' cultivar by multiplex PCR to save the time and costs associated with its supply to breeders of satsuma mandarin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong Beom Jin
- Citrus Research Institute, National Institute of Horticultural & Herbal Science, RDA, Jeju, 63607, Korea
| | - Ho Bang Kim
- Life Sciences Research Institute, Biomedic Co. Ltd, Bucheon, 14548, Korea
| | - SukMan Park
- Citrus Research Institute, National Institute of Horticultural & Herbal Science, RDA, Jeju, 63607, Korea
| | - Min Ju Kim
- Citrus Research Institute, National Institute of Horticultural & Herbal Science, RDA, Jeju, 63607, Korea
| | - Cheol Woo Choi
- Citrus Research Institute, National Institute of Horticultural & Herbal Science, RDA, Jeju, 63607, Korea
| | - Su-Hyun Yun
- Citrus Research Institute, National Institute of Horticultural & Herbal Science, RDA, Jeju, 63607, Korea.
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Cao S, Sun J, Yuan X, Deng W, Zhong B, Chun J. Characterization of Volatile Organic Compounds of Healthy and Huanglongbing-Infected Navel Orange and Pomelo Leaves by HS-GC-IMS. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25184119. [PMID: 32916953 PMCID: PMC7570589 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25184119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The Asian citrus psyllid (ACP), Diaphorina citri Kuwayama, is the only natural vector of bacteria responsible for Huanglongbing (HLB), a worldwide destructive disease of citrus. ACP reproduces and develops only on the young leaves of its rutaceous host plants. Olfactory stimuli emitted by young leaves may play an important role in ACP control and HLB detection. In this study, volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from healthy and HLB-infected young leaves of navel orange and pomelo were analyzed by headspace-gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry (HS-GC-IMS). A total of 36 compounds (including dimers or polymers) were identified and quantified from orange and 10 from pomelo leaves. Some compounds showed significant differences in signal intensity between healthy and HLB-infected leaves and may constitute possible indicators for HLB infection. Principal component analysis (PCA) clearly discriminated healthy and HLB-infected leaves in both orange and pomelo. HS-GC-IMS was an effective method to identify VOCs from leaves. This study may help develop new methods for detection of HLB or find new attractants or repellents of ACP for prevention of HLB.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Jiong Chun
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-797-839-3068
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Malik SK, Choudhary R, Kaur S, Chaudhury R, Pritchard HW. Storage Behavior and Cryopreservation of Citrus cavaleriei, an Endangered, Cold-resistant Species of Northeast India with Exceptionally Large Seeds. Cryo Letters 2020; 41:281-290. [PMID: 33988666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ichang Papeda (Citrus cavaleriei H.Lév. ex Cavalerie) is a wild and endangered species of NE India that requires urgent preservation of its genetic resources. OBJECTIVE To characterize the storage physiology of the seeds and to cryopreserve the embryo and embryonic axis (EA). MATERIALS AND METHODS The morphology and storage physiology of the seeds were determined, and the cryopreservation of embryos and EA attempted using various techniques (viz., air desiccation-freezing, vitrification and encapsulation-dehydration). RESULTS Weighing up to 4 g, seeds of Citrus cavaleriei are the largest known in the genus. Based on estimates using the seed coat ratio - seed mass (SCR-SM) model there was a very high probability of seed desiccation intolerance, which was validated physiologically; seeds lost vigour on drying below 30% moisture content (MC) and no seeds germinating after drying to <12% MC. Embryos and EAs could be air dried to 25-30% MC and cryopreserved with c. 50% survival. In contrast, EA optimally exposed to PVS2 (20 min) or encapsulated, sucrose pretreated (0.5 M, 24 h) and dehydrated (6 h) had c. 40% survival after cryopreservation. CONCLUSION Citrus cavaleriei produces large, recalcitrant seeds that can, nevertheless, be cryopreserved as embryos or isolated EA after air drying to c. 25-30% MC; encapsulation-dehydration and vitrification provide alternative options for the cryopreservation of EA.
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Affiliation(s)
- S K Malik
- Tissue Culture and Cryopreservation Unit, ICAR-National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, New Delhi, India.
| | - R Choudhary
- Division of Seed Science and Technology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - S Kaur
- Tissue Culture and Cryopreservation Unit, ICAR-National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, New Delhi, India
| | - R Chaudhury
- Tissue Culture and Cryopreservation Unit, ICAR-National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, New Delhi, India
| | - H W Pritchard
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Wakehurst, Ardingly, West Sussex RH17 6TN, UK
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Lan W, Wang S, Wu Y, Chen H, Yang J, Wei L, Xie H, Li S, Guo L, Fu H. A novel fluorescence sensing strategy based on nanoparticles combined with spectral splicing and chemometrics for the recognition of Citrus reticulata 'Chachi' and its storage year. J Sci Food Agric 2020; 100:4199-4207. [PMID: 32374046 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.10459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The fluorescence sensing method has been increasingly applied in food quality control because it is fast and sensitive. However, its application in quality evaluation is challenging. Using Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium (CRP; dried mandarin orange peel) as an example, we developed a simple and low-cost fluorescence sensing strategy based on nanoparticles combined with spectral splicing and chemometrics for quality evaluation. This method can recognize Citrus reticulata 'Chachi' (CRC) from other CRP cultivars and further identify the storage year. RESULTS Nanogold particles and cadmium telluride quantum dots were selected as nanosensors and mixed with aqueous extracts of CRP separately to produce fluorescence quenching spectra. Then, a simple spectral splicing procedure was applied to obtain spliced spectra comprising different combinations of the self-fluorescence and fluorescence quenching spectra of CRP samples. With the aid of partial least-squares discriminant analysis, the new strategy achieved recognition rates of 100% in distinguishing CRC samples from other CRP samples, as well as recognition rates of 100% for the training set and 98.04% for the prediction set in the discrimination of the storage year of CRC. The recognition mechanism is dominated by interactions between the nanoparticles and the fluorescent components in the CRP samples, but other components also have concurrent effects. CONCLUSIONS This novel fluorescence sensing strategy not only provides a new tool for the quality evaluation of CRC but also has good prospects for the authentication and traceability of other foods and herbs. Crucially, the developed method is convenient, simple and effective. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Lan
- Modernization Engineering Technology Research Center of Ethnic Minority Medicine of Hubei Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, China
| | - Shuo Wang
- Modernization Engineering Technology Research Center of Ethnic Minority Medicine of Hubei Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, China
| | - Yue Wu
- Modernization Engineering Technology Research Center of Ethnic Minority Medicine of Hubei Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, China
| | - Hengye Chen
- Modernization Engineering Technology Research Center of Ethnic Minority Medicine of Hubei Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, China
| | - Jian Yang
- National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Liuna Wei
- Modernization Engineering Technology Research Center of Ethnic Minority Medicine of Hubei Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, China
| | - Hongliang Xie
- Modernization Engineering Technology Research Center of Ethnic Minority Medicine of Hubei Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, China
| | - Sijia Li
- Modernization Engineering Technology Research Center of Ethnic Minority Medicine of Hubei Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, China
| | - Lanping Guo
- National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Haiyan Fu
- Modernization Engineering Technology Research Center of Ethnic Minority Medicine of Hubei Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, China
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Czech A, Zarycka E, Yanovych D, Zasadna Z, Grzegorczyk I, Kłys S. Mineral Content of the Pulp and Peel of Various Citrus Fruit Cultivars. Biol Trace Elem Res 2020; 193:555-563. [PMID: 31030384 PMCID: PMC6944645 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-019-01727-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to compare the mineral content between the peel and the pulp of citrus fruits and to determine which citrus fruit, among orange (Citrus sinensis), pomelo (Citrus maxima), mandarin (Citrus reticulata Blanco), lemon (Citrus limon), key lime (Citrus aurantifolia), and red, yellow, or green grapefruit (Citrus paradisi), is the richest in minerals. The research material consisted of fresh citrus fruits belonging to the genus Citrus L in the family Rutaceae. The fruits were purchased at a supermarket at one time. To prepare laboratory samples, each fruit was cut in half, and one half was homogenized, treating the sample as a whole (peel + flesh), while the other half was peeled and the pulp (F) and peel (P) were homogenized separately. To determine the content of minerals (Na+, K+, Ca+2, Mg+2, Fe+2, Zn+2, Cu+2, Mn+2, and Se+2), the samples were mineralized and analyzed using an Analytik Jena PlasmaQuant PQ 9000 inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometer. The content of macro- and micronutrients in the peel of most of the fruits far exceeded their quantity in the pulp. Oranges and pomelos are the fruits richest in iron and copper, so they could be recommended in cases such as hemoglobin production disorders resulting from a deficiency of these elements. Oranges can additionally enrich the body with potassium, phosphorus, and manganese, while lime can be a source of calcium, zinc, sodium, and especially potassium. It should also be noted that all citrus fruits are a very valuable source of potassium, which is needed to ensure the water and electrolyte balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Czech
- Department of Biochemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Biology and Animal Production, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 13, 20-950 Lublin, Poland
| | - Ewa Zarycka
- Instrumental Methods of Control Laboratory, State Scientific-Research Control Institute of Veterinary Medicinal Products and Feed Additives, Lviv, Ukraine
| | - Dmytro Yanovych
- Instrumental Methods of Control Laboratory, State Scientific-Research Control Institute of Veterinary Medicinal Products and Feed Additives, Lviv, Ukraine
| | - Zvenyslava Zasadna
- Instrumental Methods of Control Laboratory, State Scientific-Research Control Institute of Veterinary Medicinal Products and Feed Additives, Lviv, Ukraine
| | - Izabela Grzegorczyk
- Department of Biochemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Biology and Animal Production, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 13, 20-950 Lublin, Poland
| | - Sylwia Kłys
- Department of Biochemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Biology and Animal Production, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 13, 20-950 Lublin, Poland
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Luro F, Viglietti G, Marchi E, Costantino G, Scarpa GM, Tomi F, Paoli M, Curk F, Ollitrault P. Genetic, morphological and chemical investigations reveal the genetic origin of Pompia (C. medica tuberosa Risso & Poiteau) - An old endemic Sardinian citrus fruit. Phytochemistry 2019; 168:112083. [PMID: 31521382 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2019.112083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Revised: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Citrus fruits have been introduced to the Mediterranean area from Asia for centuries and spontaneous crosses have generated several hybrid forms, some of which have had agricultural or industrial success while others have remained niche food or ornamental products, or have disappeared. Pompia (C. medica tuberosa Risso & Poiteau) is an old endemic citrus fruit from Sardinia of unknown genetic origin. Initial phenotypic and molecular characterizations revealed a high degree of similarity with lemon (C. limon (L.) Burm.) and citron (C. medica L.). To identify the ancestors of Pompia, 70 citrus species of the Citrus genus were genotyped with 36 codominant molecular markers (SSR and InDel) of nuclear and cytoplasmic genomes. Diversity analysis and allelic comparisons between each citrus species at each locus indicated that Pompia resembles lemon and limonette of Marrakech, i.e. the result of a cross between sour orange (C. aurantium L.) and citron, where citron was the pollinator. Two Italian citron varieties were identified as potential male parents, i.e. Diamante and Common Poncire. However, we were unable to differentiate varieties of sour oranges because varietal diversification in this horticultural group resulted from DNA sequence variations that SSR or InDel markers could not reveal. Rhob el Arsa and Poncire de Collioure were found to be two synonyms of Pompia. Pompia appeared to be equally distinct from citron, lemon and sour orange based on the overall analysis of the fruit, leaf and seed phenotype, and juice chemical composition. At the leaf level, the Pompia essential oil (EO) composition is close to that of citron whereas the zest is much closer to that of sour orange.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Grazia Viglietti
- Dipartimento di Agraria Research Unit SACEG, University of Sassari, 07100, Sassari, Italy
| | | | | | - Grazia Maria Scarpa
- Dipartimento di Agraria Research Unit SACEG, University of Sassari, 07100, Sassari, Italy
| | - Felix Tomi
- Université de Corse - CNRS, Equipe Chimie et Biomasse, UMR SPE 6134, 20000 Ajaccio, France
| | - Mathieu Paoli
- Université de Corse - CNRS, Equipe Chimie et Biomasse, UMR SPE 6134, 20000 Ajaccio, France
| | - Franck Curk
- UMR AGAP INRA, Avenue Agropolis 34 398 Montpellier cedex 5, France
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11
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Liu J, Huang Q, Kang P, Liang L, Chen J. Lignin Accumulation in Three Pumelo Cultivars in Association with Sucrose and Energy Depletion. Biomolecules 2019; 9:biom9110701. [PMID: 31694266 PMCID: PMC6920757 DOI: 10.3390/biom9110701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Revised: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Lignification, which occurs in many horticultural fruit and vegetables, brings about undesirable texture and unfavorable consumer preference. However, this problem has rarely been studied. In this work, three pumelo cultivars cvs "Hongroumiyou" (HR), "Bairoumiyou" (BR), and "Huangroumiyou" (HuR) were stored at 25 °C for 90 days, and juice sacs were sampled to explore the lignin accumulation and its relationship to sucrose and energy depletion were investigated. The results displayed that HuR contained lower sucrose content, lower ATP level, but higher lignin content compared to BR and HR during postharvest storage, indicating that the sequence according to storage resistance on the basis of lignin content is as follows: HuR < BR < HR. Furthermore, sucrose degradation attributed to enhanced activities of neutral invertase (NI), soluble acid invertase (S-AI), cell wall-bound invertase (B-AI), and energy deficit on account of declined ATP level, showed significantly negative correlation with lignin accumulation, suggesting that lignin accumulation occurrence could induce sucrose degradation and energy deficit during postharvest storage. Additionally, higher activities of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), polyphenol oxidase (PPO), peroxidase (POD) could accelerate lignin synthesis and resulted in lignin accumulation during postharvest pumelo storage.
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12
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Torres I, Sánchez MT, de la Haba MJ, Pérez-Marín D. LOCAL regression applied to a citrus multispecies library to assess chemical quality parameters using near infrared spectroscopy. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2019; 217:206-214. [PMID: 30939367 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2019.03.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Revised: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The non-destructive on-tree measurement of the chemical quality attributes of fruits belonging to the Citrus genus using rapid spectral sensors is of vital interest to citrus growers, allowing them to carry out a selective harvest of any species of Citrus fruit. With this objective, the viability of using of a handheld portable near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) instrument to predict soluble solid content (SSC), pH, titratable acidity (TA), maturity index and BrimA, in order to measure the optimum harvest time in a group made up of 608 samples belonging to the Citrus genus (378 oranges and 230 mandarins) was evaluated. For each of the parameters analysed, both non-linear regression (LOCAL algorithm) and linear regression (Modified Partial Least Squares, MPLS) strategies were designed and compared. The use of the LOCAL algorithm in the sample group of oranges and mandarins for all the parameters analysed allowed to obtain more robust models than those obtained with MPLS regression, and it could also be extended more easily when routinely applied. The results confirm that NIRS technology combined with non-linear regression strategies such as the LOCAL algorithm can indeed respond to the needs of the Citrus growers and help them to set the optimum harvest time, in this case of oranges and mandarins, by predicting the chemical quality parameters in situ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Torres
- Department of Bromatology and Food Technology, University of Cordoba, Campus of Rabanales, 14071 Córdoba, Spain
| | - María-Teresa Sánchez
- Department of Bromatology and Food Technology, University of Cordoba, Campus of Rabanales, 14071 Córdoba, Spain.
| | - María-José de la Haba
- Department of Bromatology and Food Technology, University of Cordoba, Campus of Rabanales, 14071 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Dolores Pérez-Marín
- Department of Animal Production, University of Cordoba, Campus of Rabanales, 14071 Córdoba, Spain.
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13
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Ke L, Zhou Z, Xu XW, Wang X, Liu Y, Xu Y, Huang Y, Wang S, Deng X, Chen LL, Xu Q. Evolutionary dynamics of lincRNA transcription in nine citrus species. Plant J 2019; 98:912-927. [PMID: 30739398 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2017] [Revised: 02/03/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Long intergenic non-coding RNAs (lincRNAs) play important roles in various biological processes in plants. However, little information is known about the evolutionary characteristics of lincRNAs among closely related plant species. Here, we present a large-scale comparative study of lincRNA transcription patterns in nine citrus species. By strand-specific RNA-sequencing, we identified 18 075 lincRNAs (14 575 lincRNA loci) from 34 tissue samples. The results indicated that the evolution of lincRNA transcription is more rapid than that of mRNAs. In total, 82.8-97.6% of sweet orange (Citrus sinensis) lincRNA genes were shown to have homologous sequences in other citrus genomes. However, only 15.5-28.8% of these genes had transcribed homologous lincRNAs in these citrus species, presenting a strong contrast to the high conservation of mRNA transcription (81.6-84.7%). Moreover, primitive and modern citrus lincRNAs were preferentially expressed in reproductive and vegetative organs, respectively. Evolutionarily conserved lincRNAs showed higher expression levels and lower tissue specificity than species-specific lincRNAs. Notably, we observed a similar tissue expression pattern of homologous lincRNAs in sweet orange and pummelo (Citrus grandis), suggesting that these lincRNAs may be functionally conserved and selectively maintained. We also identified and validated a lincRNA with the highest expression in fruit that acts as an endogenous target mimic (eTM) of csi-miR166c, and two lincRNAs that act as a precursor and target of csi-miR166c, respectively. These lincRNAs together with csi-miR166c could form an eTM166-miR166c-targeted lincRNA regulatory network that possibly affects citrus fruit development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Ke
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Zhiwei Zhou
- Agricultural Bioinformatics Key Laboratory of Hubei Province, College of Informatics, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Xi-Wen Xu
- Agricultural Bioinformatics Key Laboratory of Hubei Province, College of Informatics, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Xia Wang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Yuanlong Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Yuantao Xu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Yue Huang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Shuting Wang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Xiuxin Deng
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Ling-Ling Chen
- Agricultural Bioinformatics Key Laboratory of Hubei Province, College of Informatics, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Qiang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
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14
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Zheng YY, Zeng X, Peng W, Wu Z, Su WW. Characterisation and classification of Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium varieties based on UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS combined with multivariate statistical analyses. Phytochem Anal 2019; 30:278-291. [PMID: 30588683 DOI: 10.1002/pca.2812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Revised: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium (CRP), comprising dried pericarps of Citrus reticulata Blanco and its cultivars, is popularly used for its great medicinal and dietary values. Generally, the pericarps from C. reticulate "Chachi" ("Guangchenpi" in Chinese, GCP) is considered to have superior qualities and merit premium price compared with CRP derived from other cultivars (collectively called "Chenpi" in Chinese, CP). Since its multiple origins and derived economic adulteration, it is significant to systematically compare the chemical profiles of different CRP varieties. OBJECTIVE The main objective of this work was to identify the chemical profiles of CRP from different varieties and find out potential chemical markers for differentiating GCP and CP. METHODS In the present study, a total of 42 CRP samples from 10 varieties (including GCP and CP) were analysed by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS) for chemical profiling. Obtained MS/MS data were further employed in multivariate statistical methods to screen the main compounds which contributed to the characterisation and classification of CRP. RESULTS As a result, 73 compounds (mainly flavonoids) were identified or tentatively characterised in these CRP samples. Based on the obtained chemical profiles data, GCP and CP samples could be easily discriminated from each other by statistical analyses. Moreover, seven compounds were selected as having the most discriminating features which contributed to the classification of CRP. CONCLUSION This work obtains a better understanding of the chemical profiles of different CRP varieties and provides a practical strategy for the authentication of GCP and CP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ying Zheng
- Guangdong Engineering and Technology Research Centre for Quality and Efficacy Re-evaluation of Post-market Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuan Zeng
- Guangdong Engineering and Technology Research Centre for Quality and Efficacy Re-evaluation of Post-market Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Peng
- Guangdong Engineering and Technology Research Centre for Quality and Efficacy Re-evaluation of Post-market Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhong Wu
- Guangdong Engineering and Technology Research Centre for Quality and Efficacy Re-evaluation of Post-market Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei-Wei Su
- Guangdong Engineering and Technology Research Centre for Quality and Efficacy Re-evaluation of Post-market Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
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15
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Flamini G, Pistelli L, Nardoni S, Ebani VV, Zinnai A, Mancianti F, Ascrizzi R, Pistelli L. Essential Oil Composition and Biological Activity of "Pompia", a Sardinian Citrus Ecotype. Molecules 2019; 24:E908. [PMID: 30841559 PMCID: PMC6429368 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24050908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Revised: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Pompia is a Sardinian citrus ecotype whose botanical classification is still being debated. In the present study, the composition of Pompia peel essential oil (EO) is reported for the first time, along with that of the leaf EO, as a phytochemical contribution to the classification of this ecotype. The peel EO was tested for its antioxidant ability (with both the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picarylhydrazyl (DPPH) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assays). Moreover, its antimicrobial activities were tested for the first time on dermatophytes (Microsporum canis, Microsporum gypseum, and Trichophyton mentagrophytes), on potentially toxigenic fungi (Fusarium solani, Aspergillus flavus, and Aspergillus niger) as well on bacteria (Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Staphylococcus pseudointermedius). The dominant abundance of limonene in the peel EO seems to distinguish Pompia from the Citrus spp. to which it had previously been associated. It lacks γ-terpinene, relevant in Citrus medica EO. Its relative content of α- and β-pinene is lower than 0.5%, in contrast to Citrus limon peel EO. Pompia peel and leaf EOs did not show significant amounts of linalool and linalyl acetate, which are typically found in Citrus aurantium. Pompia peel EO antioxidant activity was weak, possibly because of its lack of γ-terpinene. Moreover, it did not exert any antimicrobial effects either towards the tested bacteria strains, or to dermatophytes and environmental fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guido Flamini
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy.
- Centro Interdipartimentale di Ricerca "Nutraceutica e Alimentazione per la Salute" (NUTRAFOOD), Università di Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Laura Pistelli
- Centro Interdipartimentale di Ricerca "Nutraceutica e Alimentazione per la Salute" (NUTRAFOOD), Università di Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy.
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Agro-alimentari, Università di Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Simona Nardoni
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Università di Pisa, Viale delle Piagge 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Valentina Virginia Ebani
- Centro Interdipartimentale di Ricerca "Nutraceutica e Alimentazione per la Salute" (NUTRAFOOD), Università di Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy.
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Università di Pisa, Viale delle Piagge 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Angela Zinnai
- Centro Interdipartimentale di Ricerca "Nutraceutica e Alimentazione per la Salute" (NUTRAFOOD), Università di Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy.
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Agro-alimentari, Università di Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Francesca Mancianti
- Centro Interdipartimentale di Ricerca "Nutraceutica e Alimentazione per la Salute" (NUTRAFOOD), Università di Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy.
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Università di Pisa, Viale delle Piagge 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Roberta Ascrizzi
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Luisa Pistelli
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy.
- Centro Interdipartimentale di Ricerca "Nutraceutica e Alimentazione per la Salute" (NUTRAFOOD), Università di Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy.
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Deng H, Xiang S, Guo Q, Jin W, Cai Z, Liang G. Molecular cytogenetic analysis of genome-specific repetitive elements in Citrus clementina Hort. Ex Tan. and its taxonomic implications. BMC Plant Biol 2019; 19:77. [PMID: 30770721 PMCID: PMC6377768 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-019-1676-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clementine mandarin (Citrus clementina Hort. ex Tan.) is one of the most famous and widely grown citrus cultivars worldwide. Variations in relation to the composition and distribution of repetitive DNA sequences that dominate greatly in eukaryote genomes are considered to be species-, genome-, or even chromosome-specific. Repetitive DNA-based fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) is a powerful tool for molecular cytogenetic study. However, to date few studies have involved in the repetitive elements and cytogenetic karyotype of Clementine. RESULTS A graph-based similarity sequence read clustering methodology was performed to analyze the repetitive DNA families in the Clementine genome. The bioinformatics analysis showed that repetitive DNAs constitute 41.95% of the Clementine genome, and the majority of repetitive elements are retrotransposons and satellite DNAs. Sequential multicolor FISH using a probe mix that contained CL17, four satellite DNAs, two rDNAs and an oligonucleotide of (TTTAGGG)3 was performed with Clementine somatic metaphase chromosomes. An integrated karyotype of Clementine was established based on unequivocal and reproducible chromosome discriminations. The distribution patterns of these probes in several Citrus, Poncirus and Fortunella species were summarized through extensive FISH analyses. Polymorphism and heterozygosity were commonly observed in the three genera. Some asymmetrical FISH loci in Clementine were in agreement with its hybrid origin. CONCLUSIONS The composition and abundance of repetitive elements in the Clementine genome were reanalyzed. Multicolor FISH-based karyotyping provided direct visual proof of the heterozygous nature of Clementine chromosomes with conspicuous asymmetrical FISH hybridization signals. We detected some similar and variable distribution patterns of repetitive DNAs in Citrus, Poncirus, and Fortunella, which revealed notable conservation among these genera, as well as obvious polymorphism and heterozygosity, indicating the potential utility of these repetitive element markers for the study of taxonomic, phylogenetic and evolutionary relationships in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honghong Deng
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715 China
| | - Suqiong Xiang
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715 China
| | - Qigao Guo
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715 China
| | - Weiwei Jin
- National Maize Improvement Center, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193 China
| | - Zexi Cai
- National Maize Improvement Center, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193 China
| | - Guolu Liang
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715 China
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Zheng X, Tang Y, Ye J, Pan Z, Tan M, Xie Z, Chai L, Xu Q, Fraser PD, Deng X. SLAF-Based Construction of a High-Density Genetic Map and Its Application in QTL Mapping of Carotenoids Content in Citrus Fruit. J Agric Food Chem 2019; 67:994-1002. [PMID: 30589260 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b05176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Carotenoids are important antioxidant components in the human diet. To develop carotenoid-rich agricultural products by genetic intervention, understanding the genetic basis of carotenoids variation is essential. In this study, we constructed a high-density integrated genetic map with 3817 molecular markers using specific locus amplified fragment (SLAF) sequencing from a C. reticulata × P. trifoliata F1 pseudotestcross population. A total of 17 significant quantitative trait loci (QTLs) distributed on Chromosomes (Chr) 2, 3, 5, 6, and 9 were detected to determine the carotenoid variation in the population. In particular, three QTL colocalizations for multiple carotenoid constituents were observed on Chr 2, 3, and 9, one of which was located on Chr2:34,654,608-35430715 accounted for 20.1-25.4% of the variation of luteoxanthin, auroxanthin, lutein, violaxanthin, and total carotenoid content. Overall, this study provides a genetic foundation for marker-assisted selection (MAS) breeding of nutritionally enhanced citrus fruit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiongjie Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education) , Huazhong Agricultural University , Wuhan , China
| | - Yuqing Tang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education) , Huazhong Agricultural University , Wuhan , China
| | - Junli Ye
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education) , Huazhong Agricultural University , Wuhan , China
| | - Zhiyong Pan
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education) , Huazhong Agricultural University , Wuhan , China
| | - Meilian Tan
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education) , Huazhong Agricultural University , Wuhan , China
| | - Zongzhou Xie
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education) , Huazhong Agricultural University , Wuhan , China
| | - Lijun Chai
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education) , Huazhong Agricultural University , Wuhan , China
| | - Qiang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education) , Huazhong Agricultural University , Wuhan , China
| | - Paul D Fraser
- School of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway , University of London , Egham, Surrey TW20 0EX , United Kingdom
| | - Xiuxin Deng
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education) , Huazhong Agricultural University , Wuhan , China
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18
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Feng S, Niu L, Suh JH, Hung WL, Wang Y. Comprehensive Metabolomics Analysis of Mandarins ( Citrus reticulata) as a Tool for Variety, Rootstock, and Grove Discrimination. J Agric Food Chem 2018; 66:10317-10326. [PMID: 30205680 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b03877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The metabolite profile responsible for the quality of mandarin fruit is influenced by preharvest factors including genotype, rootstock, grove location, etc. In this paper, mandarin varieties were discriminated using metabolomics. Additionally, effects on metabolic profiles due to grove location and rootstock differences were also investigated. Results revealed that mandarin varieties could be differentiated using the metabolite profile, while the compositions of flavonoids have the potential for variety differentiation. With regard to fruits of the same variety, grove location might determine the overall profile of metabolites, whereas rootstock possibly affected composition of secondary metabolites. Pathway enrichment analysis demonstrated that biosynthesis pathways of terpenoids and steroids involving limonene and linalool were highly influenced by variety diversity. Moreover, the flavonoid biosynthesis pathway, involving hesperetin, naringenin, eriodictyol, and taxifolin, was indicated to have a close relationship with rootstock differentiation. This study provides useful and important information with depth for breeding and optimizing preharvest practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi Feng
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition , University of Florida , 572 Newell Drive , Gainesville , Florida 32611 , United States
- Citrus Research and Education Center, Food Science and Human Nutrition , University of Florida , 700 Experiment Station Road , Lake Alfred , Florida 33850 , United States
| | - Liying Niu
- Citrus Research and Education Center, Food Science and Human Nutrition , University of Florida , 700 Experiment Station Road , Lake Alfred , Florida 33850 , United States
- Institute of Farm Product Processing , Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Nanjing 210014 , People's Republic of China
| | - Joon Hyuk Suh
- Citrus Research and Education Center, Food Science and Human Nutrition , University of Florida , 700 Experiment Station Road , Lake Alfred , Florida 33850 , United States
| | - Wei-Lun Hung
- Citrus Research and Education Center, Food Science and Human Nutrition , University of Florida , 700 Experiment Station Road , Lake Alfred , Florida 33850 , United States
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition , University of Florida , 572 Newell Drive , Gainesville , Florida 32611 , United States
- Citrus Research and Education Center, Food Science and Human Nutrition , University of Florida , 700 Experiment Station Road , Lake Alfred , Florida 33850 , United States
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19
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Wang L, He F, Huang Y, He J, Yang S, Zeng J, Deng C, Jiang X, Fang Y, Wen S, Xu R, Yu H, Yang X, Zhong G, Chen C, Yan X, Zhou C, Zhang H, Xie Z, Larkin RM, Deng X, Xu Q. Genome of Wild Mandarin and Domestication History of Mandarin. Mol Plant 2018; 11:1024-1037. [PMID: 29885473 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2018.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Revised: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 06/01/2018] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Mandarin (Citrus reticulata) is one of the most important citrus crops worldwide. Its domestication is believed to have occurred in South China, which has been one of the centers of mandarin cultivation for four millennia. We collected natural wild populations of mandarin around the Nanling region and cultivated landraces in the vicinity. We found that the citric acid level was dramatically reduced in cultivated mandarins. To understand genetic basis of mandarin domestication, we de novo assembled a draft genome of wild mandarin and analyzed a set of 104 citrus genomes. We found that the Mangshan mandarin is a primitive type and that two independent domestication events have occurred, resulting in two groups of cultivated mandarins (MD1 and MD2) in the North and South Nanling Mountains, respectively. Two bottlenecks and two expansions of effective population size were identified for the MD1 group of cultivated mandarins. However, in the MD2 group there was a long and continuous decrease in the population size. MD1 and MD2 mandarins showed different patterns of interspecific introgression from cultivated pummelo species. We identified a region of high divergence in an aconitate hydratase (ACO) gene involved in the regulation of citrate content, which was possibly under selection during the domestication of mandarin. This study provides concrete genetic evidence for the geographical origin of extant wild mandarin populations and sheds light on the domestication and evolutionary history of mandarin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, P.R. China
| | - Fa He
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, P.R. China
| | - Yue Huang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, P.R. China
| | - Jiaxian He
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, P.R. China
| | - Shuizhi Yang
- Horticulture Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410125, P.R. China
| | - Jiwu Zeng
- Fruit Tree Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, P.R. China
| | - Chongling Deng
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Citrus Biology, Guangxi Academy of Specialty Crops, Guilin 541000, P.R. China
| | - Xiaolin Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, P.R. China
| | - Yiwen Fang
- Institute of Citrus Science Research of Ganzhou City, Ganzhou 341000, P.R. China
| | - Shaohua Wen
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, P.R. China
| | - Rangwei Xu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, P.R. China
| | - Huiwen Yu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoming Yang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, P.R. China
| | - Guangyan Zhong
- Fruit Tree Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, P.R. China
| | - Chuanwu Chen
- Fruit Tree Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, P.R. China
| | - Xiang Yan
- Institute of Citrus Science Research of Ganzhou City, Ganzhou 341000, P.R. China
| | - Changfu Zhou
- Horticulture Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410125, P.R. China
| | - Hongyan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, P.R. China
| | - Zongzhou Xie
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, P.R. China
| | - Robert M Larkin
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, P.R. China
| | - Xiuxin Deng
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, P.R. China
| | - Qiang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, P.R. China.
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20
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Páscoa RN, Moreira S, Lopes JA, Sousa C. Citrus species and hybrids depicted by near- and mid-infrared spectroscopy. J Sci Food Agric 2018; 98:3953-3961. [PMID: 29385231 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.8918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Revised: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2018] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Citrus trees are among the most cultivated plants in the world, with a high economic impact. The wide sexual compatibility among relatives gave rise to a large number of hybrids that are difficult to discriminate. This work sought to explore the ability of infrared spectroscopy to discriminate among Citrus species and/or hybrids and to contribute to the elucidation of its relatedness. RESULTS Adult leaves of 18 distinct Citrus plants were included in this work. Near- and mid-infrared (NIR and FTIR) spectra were acquired from leaves after harvesting and a drying period of 1 month. Spectra were modelled by principal component analysis and partial least squares discriminant analysis. Both techniques revealed a high discrimination potential (78.5-95.9%), being the best results achieved with NIR spectroscopy and air-dried leaves (95.9%). CONCLUSION Infrared spectroscopy was able to successfully discriminate several Citrus species and/or hybrids. Our results contributed also to enhance insights regarding the studied Citrus species and/or hybrids. Despite the benefit of including additional samples, the results herein obtained clearly pointed infrared spectroscopy as a reliable technique for Citrus species and/or hybrid discrimination. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Nmj Páscoa
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Silvana Moreira
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - João A Lopes
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Clara Sousa
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
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21
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Ajengui A, Bertolini E, Ligorio A, Chebil S, Ippolito A, Sanzani SM. Comparative transcriptome analysis of two citrus germplasms with contrasting susceptibility to Phytophthora nicotianae provides new insights into tolerance mechanisms. Plant Cell Rep 2018; 37:483-499. [PMID: 29290008 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-017-2244-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2017] [Accepted: 12/26/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Host perception of Phytophthora nicotianae switching to necrotrophy is fundamental for disease tolerance of citrus. It involves an HR-like response, strengthening of the cell wall structure and hormonal signaling. Stem rot caused by P. nicotianae is a worldwide disease of several important crops, including citrus. Given the growing awareness of chemical fungicides drawbacks, genetic improvement of citrus rootstocks remains the best alternative. However, the molecular basis underlying the successful response of resistant and/or tolerant genotypes remains poorly understood. Therefore, we performed a transcriptomic analysis to examine the differential defense response to P. nicotianae of two germplasms-tolerant sour orange (SO, Citrus aurantium) and susceptible Madam Vinous (MV, C. sinensis)-in both the biotrophic and necrotrophic phases of host-pathogen interaction. Our results revealed the necrotrophic phase as a decisive turning point, since it included stronger modulation of a number of genes implicated in pathogen perception, signal transduction, HR-like response, transcriptional reprogramming, hormone signaling, and cell wall modifications. In particular, the pathogen perception category reflected the ability of SO to perceive the pathogen even after its switch to necrotrophy, and thus to cope successfully with the infection, while MV failed. The concomitant changes in genes involved in the remaining functional categories seemed to prevent pathogen spread. This investigation provided further understanding of the successful defense mechanisms of C. aurantium against P. nicotianae, which might be exploited in post-genomic strategies to develop resistant Citrus genotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arwa Ajengui
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Center of Biotechnology of Borj-Cédria, 2050, Hammam-Lif, Tunisia
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Suolo, della Pianta e degli Alimenti, Università degli Studi di Bari "Aldo Moro", Via Amendola 165/A, 70126, Bari, Italy
- Faculté des Sciences de Tunis, LR03ES03 Laboratoire Microorganismes et Biomolécules Actives, Université Tunis El Manar, 2092, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Edoardo Bertolini
- Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Piazza Martiri della Libertà 33, 56127, Pisa, Italy
| | - Angela Ligorio
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Suolo, della Pianta e degli Alimenti, Università degli Studi di Bari "Aldo Moro", Via Amendola 165/A, 70126, Bari, Italy
| | - Samir Chebil
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Center of Biotechnology of Borj-Cédria, 2050, Hammam-Lif, Tunisia
| | - Antonio Ippolito
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Suolo, della Pianta e degli Alimenti, Università degli Studi di Bari "Aldo Moro", Via Amendola 165/A, 70126, Bari, Italy
| | - Simona Marianna Sanzani
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Suolo, della Pianta e degli Alimenti, Università degli Studi di Bari "Aldo Moro", Via Amendola 165/A, 70126, Bari, Italy.
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22
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Wu J, Deng W, Lin D, Deng X, Ma Z. Immunoblotting Quantification Approach for Identifying Potential Hypoallergenic Citrus Cultivars. J Agric Food Chem 2018; 66:1964-1973. [PMID: 29420890 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b05722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The inherent allergens of citrus fruits, such as Cit s 1, Cit s 2, Cit s 3 can cause allergic reactions. A better understanding of the genetic factors (cultivar to cultivar) affecting the allergenic potential of citrus fruits would be beneficial for further identification of hypoallergenic genotypes. In the present study, an immunoblotting quantification approach was adopted to assess the potential allergenicity of 21 citrus cultivars, including nine subgroups (tangerine, satsuma, orange, pummelo, grapefruit, lemon, kumquat, tangor, and tangelo). To prepare highly sensitive and specific rabbit polyclonal antibodies, antigenicity of purified rCit s 1.01, rCit s 2.01, and rCit s 3.01 peptides were enhanced with high epitope density in a single protein molecule. The data integration of three citrus allergen quantifications demonstrated that the four pummelo cultivars (Kao Phuang Pummelo, Wanbai Pummelo, Shatian Pummelo, and Guanxi Pummelo) were potential hypoallergenic, compared with other 8 subgroups. Moreover, the immunological analyses with sera of allergic subjects revealed that Shatian Pummelo and Guanxi Pummelo showed the lowest immunoreactivity in 8 representative citrus cultivars. These potential hypoallergenic genotypes are of great significance to not only allergic consumers but also citrus breeders in the genetic improvement of hypoallergenic citrus as breeding resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinlong Wu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), Huazhong Agricultural University , Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Wenjun Deng
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), Huazhong Agricultural University , Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Dingbo Lin
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Oklahoma State University , 419 Human Sciences, Stillwater, Oklahoma 74078, United States
| | - Xiuxin Deng
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), Huazhong Agricultural University , Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Zhaocheng Ma
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), Huazhong Agricultural University , Wuhan 430070, China
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23
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Yu Y, Bai J, Chen C, Plotto A, Baldwin EA, Gmitter FG. Comparative analysis of juice volatiles in selected mandarins, mandarin relatives and other citrus genotypes. J Sci Food Agric 2018; 98:1124-1131. [PMID: 28731231 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.8563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2017] [Revised: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 07/15/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Citrus fruit flavor is an important attribute prioritized in variety improvement. The present study compared juice volatiles compositions from 13 selected citrus genotypes, including six mandarins (Citrus reticulata), three sour oranges (Citrus aurantium), one blood orange (Citrus sinensis), one lime (Citrus limonia), one Clementine (Citrus clementina) and one satsuma (Citrus unshiu). RESULTS Large differences were observed with respect to volatile compositions among the citrus genotypes. 'Goutou' sour orange contained the greatest number of volatile compounds and the largest volatile production level. 'Ponkan' mandarin had the smallest number of volatiles and 'Owari' satsuma yielded the lowest volatile production level. 'Goutou' sour orange and 'Moro' blood orange were clearly distinguished from other citrus genotypes based on the analysis of volatile compositions, even though they were assigned into one single group with two other sour oranges by the molecular marker profiles. CONCLUSIONS The clustering analysis based on the aroma volatile compositions was able to differentiate mandarin varieties and natural sub-groups, and was also supported by the molecular marker study. The gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis of citrus juice aroma volatiles can be used as a tool to distinguish citrus genotypes and assist in the assessment of future citrus breeding programs. The aroma volatile profiles of the different citrus genotypes and inter-relationships detected among volatile compounds and among citrus genotypes will provide fundamental information on the development of marker-assisted selection in citrus breeding. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Yu
- Citrus Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Lake Alfred, FL, USA
| | - Jinhe Bai
- Horticultural Research Laboratory, ARS, USDA, Fort Pierce, FL, USA
| | - Chunxian Chen
- Southeastern Fruit and Tree Nut Research Laboratory, ARS, USDA, Byron, GA, USA
| | - Anne Plotto
- Horticultural Research Laboratory, ARS, USDA, Fort Pierce, FL, USA
| | | | - Frederick G Gmitter
- Citrus Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Lake Alfred, FL, USA
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24
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Zhao SY, Liu ZL, Shu YS, Wang ML, He D, Song ZQ, Zeng HL, Ning ZC, Lu C, Lu AP, Liu YY. Chemotaxonomic Classification Applied to the Identification of Two Closely-Related Citrus TCMs Using UPLC-Q-TOF-MS-Based Metabolomics. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22101721. [PMID: 29027971 PMCID: PMC6151587 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22101721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2017] [Revised: 10/04/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
This manuscript elaborates on the establishment of a chemotaxonomic classification strategy for closely-related Citrus fruits in Traditional Chinese Medicines (TCMs). UPLC-Q-TOF-MS-based metabolomics was applied to depict the variable chemotaxonomic markers and elucidate the metabolic mechanism of Citrus TCMs from different species and at different ripening stages. Metabolomics can capture a comprehensive analysis of small molecule metabolites and can provide a powerful approach to establish metabolic profiling, creating a bridge between genotype and phenotype. To further investigate the different metabolites in four closely-related Citrus TCMs, non-targeted metabolite profiling analysis was employed as an efficient technique to profile the primary and secondary metabolites. The results presented in this manuscript indicate that primary metabolites enable the discrimination of species, whereas secondary metabolites are associated with species and the ripening process. In addition, analysis of the biosynthetic pathway highlighted that the syntheses of flavone and flavone glycosides are deeply affected in Citrus ripening stages. Ultimately, this work might provide a feasible strategy for the authentication of Citrus fruits from different species and ripening stages and facilitate a better understanding of their different medicinal uses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-Yu Zhao
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100700, China.
| | - Zhen-Li Liu
- Institution of Basic Theory, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China.
| | - Yi-Song Shu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100700, China.
| | - Meng-Lei Wang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100700, China.
| | - Dan He
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100700, China.
| | - Zhi-Qian Song
- Institution of Basic Theory, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China.
| | - Hong-Lian Zeng
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100700, China.
| | - Zhang-Chi Ning
- Institution of Basic Theory, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China.
| | - Cheng Lu
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China.
| | - Ai-Ping Lu
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China.
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Yuan-Yan Liu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China.
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25
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Oueslati A, Salhi-Hannachi A, Luro F, Vignes H, Mournet P, Ollitrault P. Genotyping by sequencing reveals the interspecific C. maxima / C. reticulata admixture along the genomes of modern citrus varieties of mandarins, tangors, tangelos, orangelos and grapefruits. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0185618. [PMID: 28982157 PMCID: PMC5628881 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0185618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 09/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The mandarin horticultural group is an important component of world citrus production for the fresh fruit market. This group formerly classified as C. reticulata is highly polymorphic and recent molecular studies have suggested that numerous cultivated mandarins were introgressed by C. maxima (the pummelos). C. maxima and C. reticulata are also the ancestors of sweet and sour oranges, grapefruit, and therefore of all the "small citrus" modern varieties (mandarins, tangors, tangelos) derived from sexual hybridization between these horticultural groups. Recently, NGS technologies have greatly modified how plant evolution and genomic structure are analyzed, moving from phylogenetics to phylogenomics. The objective of this work was to develop a workflow for phylogenomic inference from Genotyping By Sequencing (GBS) data and to analyze the interspecific admixture along the nine citrus chromosomes for horticultural groups and recent varieties resulting from the combination of the C. reticulata and C. maxima gene pools. A GBS library was established from 55 citrus varieties, using the ApekI restriction enzyme and selective PCR to improve the read depth. Diagnostic polymorphisms (DPs) of C. reticulata/C. maxima differentiation were identified and used to decipher the phylogenomic structure of the 55 varieties. The GBS approach was powerful and revealed 30,289 SNPs and 8,794 Indels with 12.6% of missing data. 11,133 DPs were selected covering the nine chromosomes with a higher density in genic regions. GBS combined with the detection of DPs was powerful for deciphering the "phylogenomic karyotypes" of cultivars derived from admixture of the two ancestral species after a limited number of interspecific recombinations. All the mandarins, mandarin hybrids, tangelos and tangors analyzed displayed introgression of C. maxima in different parts of the genome. C. reticulata/C. maxima admixture should be a major component of the high phenotypic variability of this germplasm opening up the way for association studies based on phylogenomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amel Oueslati
- Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire, Immunologie et Biotechnologie, Faculté des Sciences de Tunis (FST), Université de Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
- AGAP Research Unit, Centre de coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement Petit-Bourg, Guadeloupe, France
| | - Amel Salhi-Hannachi
- Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire, Immunologie et Biotechnologie, Faculté des Sciences de Tunis (FST), Université de Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - François Luro
- AGAPResearch Unit, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, San Giuliano, France
| | - Hélène Vignes
- AGAP Research Unit, Centre de coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement, Montpellier, France
| | - Pierre Mournet
- AGAP Research Unit, Centre de coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement, Montpellier, France
| | - Patrick Ollitrault
- AGAP Research Unit, Centre de coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement Petit-Bourg, Guadeloupe, France
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26
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Wang Y, Qian J, Cao J, Wang D, Liu C, Yang R, Li X, Sun C. Antioxidant Capacity, Anticancer Ability and Flavonoids Composition of 35 Citrus (Citrus reticulata Blanco) Varieties. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22071114. [PMID: 28678176 PMCID: PMC6152254 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22071114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Revised: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Citrus (Citrus reticulate Blanco) is one of the most commonly consumed and widely distributed fruit in the world, which is possessing extensive bioactivities. Present study aimed to fully understand the flavonoids compositions, antioxidant capacities and in vitro anticancer abilities of different citrus resources. Citrus fruits of 35 varieties belonging to 5 types (pummelos, oranges, tangerines, mandarins and hybrids) were collected. Combining li quid chromatography combined with electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS/MS) and ultra-performance liquid chromatography combined with diode array detector (UPLC-DAD), a total of 39 flavonoid compounds were identified, including 4 flavones, 9 flavanones and 26 polymethoxylated flavonoids (PMFs). Each citrus fruit was examined and compared by 4 parts, flavedo, albedo, segment membrane and juice sacs. The juice sacs had the lowest total phenolics, following by the segment membrane. Four antioxidant traits including 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity, ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) and cupric reducing antioxidant capacity (CUPRAC) were applied for the antioxidant capacities evaluation. Three gastric cancer cell lines, SGC-7901, BGC-823 and AGS were applied for the cytotoxicity evaluation. According to the results of correlation analysis, phenolics compounds might be the main contributor to the antioxidant activity of citrus extracts, while PMFs existing only in the flavedo might be closely related to the gastric cancer cell line cytotoxicity of citrus extracts. The results of present study might provide a theoretical guidance for the utilization of citrus resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Wang
- Laboratory of Fruit Quality Biology/The State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou 310058, China; (Y.W.); (J.Q.); (J.C.); (X.L.)
| | - Jing Qian
- Laboratory of Fruit Quality Biology/The State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou 310058, China; (Y.W.); (J.Q.); (J.C.); (X.L.)
| | - Jinping Cao
- Laboratory of Fruit Quality Biology/The State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou 310058, China; (Y.W.); (J.Q.); (J.C.); (X.L.)
- Horticulture Research Institute, Taizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Linhai 317000, China
| | - Dengliang Wang
- Citrus Research Institute, Quzhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Quzhou 324000, China; (D.W.); qzlcr @aliyun.com (C.L.)
| | - Chunrong Liu
- Citrus Research Institute, Quzhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Quzhou 324000, China; (D.W.); qzlcr @aliyun.com (C.L.)
| | - Rongxi Yang
- Forestry Special Production Technology Promotion Center, Xiangshan Bureau of Agriculture and Forestry, Ningbo 315700, China;
| | - Xian Li
- Laboratory of Fruit Quality Biology/The State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou 310058, China; (Y.W.); (J.Q.); (J.C.); (X.L.)
| | - Chongde Sun
- Laboratory of Fruit Quality Biology/The State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou 310058, China; (Y.W.); (J.Q.); (J.C.); (X.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-571-8898-2229
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27
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Besil N, Cesio V, Heinzen H, Fernandez-Alba AR. Matrix Effects and Interferences of Different Citrus Fruit Coextractives in Pesticide Residue Analysis Using Ultrahigh-Performance Liquid Chromatography-High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry. J Agric Food Chem 2017; 65:4819-4829. [PMID: 28541668 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b00243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The matrix effects of ethyl acetate extracts from seven different citrus fruits on the determination of 80 pesticide residues using liquid chromatography coupled to high-resolution time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-(ESI)-HR-TOF) at 4 GHz resolution mode were studied. Only 20% of the evaluated pesticides showed noticeable matrix effects (ME) due to coelution with natural products between tR = 3 and 11 min. Principal component analysis (PCA) of the detected coextractives grouped the mandarins and the orange varieties, but separated lemon, oranges, and mandarins from each other. Matrix effects were different among species but similar between varieties, forcing the determination of pesticide residues through matrix-matched calibration curves with the same fruit. Twenty-three natural products (synephrine, naringin, poncirin, glycosides of hesperitin, limonin, nomilin, and a few fatty acids, among others) were identified in the analyzed extracts. Twelve of the identified compounds coeluted with 28 of the pesticides under study, causing different matrix effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Besil
- Agrifood Campus of International Excellence (ceiA3), European Union Reference Laboratory for Pesticide Residues in Fruit and Vegetables, Pesticide Residue Research Group, Department of Chemistry and Physics, University of Almeria , La Cañada de San Urbano, 04120 Almeria, Spain
- Grupo de Análisis de Compuestos Traza, Departamento de Quı́mica del Litoral, Facultad de Quı́mica, CENUR Litoral Norte, Universidad de la República (UdelaR) , 11800 Montevideo, Uruguay
- Grupo de Análisis de Compuestos Traza, Cátedra de Farmacognosia y Productos Naturales, Facultad de Quı́mica, Universidad de la República , General Flores 2124, 11800 Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Verónica Cesio
- Grupo de Análisis de Compuestos Traza, Departamento de Quı́mica del Litoral, Facultad de Quı́mica, CENUR Litoral Norte, Universidad de la República (UdelaR) , 11800 Montevideo, Uruguay
- Grupo de Análisis de Compuestos Traza, Cátedra de Farmacognosia y Productos Naturales, Facultad de Quı́mica, Universidad de la República , General Flores 2124, 11800 Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Horacio Heinzen
- Grupo de Análisis de Compuestos Traza, Departamento de Quı́mica del Litoral, Facultad de Quı́mica, CENUR Litoral Norte, Universidad de la República (UdelaR) , 11800 Montevideo, Uruguay
- Grupo de Análisis de Compuestos Traza, Cátedra de Farmacognosia y Productos Naturales, Facultad de Quı́mica, Universidad de la República , General Flores 2124, 11800 Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Amadeo R Fernandez-Alba
- Agrifood Campus of International Excellence (ceiA3), European Union Reference Laboratory for Pesticide Residues in Fruit and Vegetables, Pesticide Residue Research Group, Department of Chemistry and Physics, University of Almeria , La Cañada de San Urbano, 04120 Almeria, Spain
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28
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Butelli E, Garcia-Lor A, Licciardello C, Las Casas G, Hill L, Recupero GR, Keremane ML, Ramadugu C, Krueger R, Xu Q, Deng X, Fanciullino AL, Froelicher Y, Navarro L, Martin C. Changes in Anthocyanin Production during Domestication of Citrus. Plant Physiol 2017; 173:2225-2242. [PMID: 28196843 PMCID: PMC5373055 DOI: 10.1104/pp.16.01701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Accepted: 02/10/2017] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Mandarin (Citrus reticulata), citron (Citrus medica), and pummelo (Citrus maxima) are important species of the genus Citrus and parents of the interspecific hybrids that constitute the most familiar commercial varieties of Citrus: sweet orange, sour orange, clementine, lemon, lime, and grapefruit. Citron produces anthocyanins in its young leaves and flowers, as do species in genera closely related to Citrus, but mandarins do not, and pummelo varieties that produce anthocyanins have not been reported. We investigated the activity of the Ruby gene, which encodes a MYB transcription factor controlling anthocyanin biosynthesis, in different accessions of a range of Citrus species and in domesticated cultivars. A white mutant of lemon lacks functional alleles of Ruby, demonstrating that Ruby plays an essential role in anthocyanin production in Citrus Almost all the natural variation in pigmentation by anthocyanins in Citrus species can be explained by differences in activity of the Ruby gene, caused by point mutations and deletions and insertions of transposable elements. Comparison of the allelic constitution of Ruby in different species and cultivars also helps to clarify many of the taxonomic relationships in different species of Citrus, confirms the derivation of commercial varieties during domestication, elucidates the relationships within the subgenus Papeda, and allows a new genetic classification of mandarins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugenio Butelli
- John Innes Centre, Norwich NR4 7UH, United Kingdom (E.B., L.H., C.M.);
- Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias, 46113 Moncada, Valencia, Spain (A.G.-L., L.N.);
- Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e l'Analisi dell'Economia Agraria, Centro di Ricerca per l'Agrumicoltura e le Colture Mediterranee, 95024 Acireale, Italy (C.L., G.R.-R.);
- Dipartimento di Agricoltura, Alimentazione e Ambiente, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy (G.L.C.);
- United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service National Clonal Germplasm Repository for Citrus and Dates, Riverside, California 92507-5437 (M.L.K., R.K.);
- University of California, Riverside, California 92521 (C.R.);
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology of the Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of China (Q.X., X.D.);
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, UR1115 PSH, F-84914 Avignon, France (A.-L.F.); and
- CIRAD, Unité Mixte de Recherche AGAP, Station Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, F-20230 San Giuliano, France (Y.F.)
| | - Andrés Garcia-Lor
- John Innes Centre, Norwich NR4 7UH, United Kingdom (E.B., L.H., C.M.)
- Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias, 46113 Moncada, Valencia, Spain (A.G.-L., L.N.)
- Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e l'Analisi dell'Economia Agraria, Centro di Ricerca per l'Agrumicoltura e le Colture Mediterranee, 95024 Acireale, Italy (C.L., G.R.-R.)
- Dipartimento di Agricoltura, Alimentazione e Ambiente, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy (G.L.C.)
- United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service National Clonal Germplasm Repository for Citrus and Dates, Riverside, California 92507-5437 (M.L.K., R.K.)
- University of California, Riverside, California 92521 (C.R.)
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology of the Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of China (Q.X., X.D.)
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, UR1115 PSH, F-84914 Avignon, France (A.-L.F.); and
- CIRAD, Unité Mixte de Recherche AGAP, Station Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, F-20230 San Giuliano, France (Y.F.)
| | - Concetta Licciardello
- John Innes Centre, Norwich NR4 7UH, United Kingdom (E.B., L.H., C.M.)
- Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias, 46113 Moncada, Valencia, Spain (A.G.-L., L.N.)
- Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e l'Analisi dell'Economia Agraria, Centro di Ricerca per l'Agrumicoltura e le Colture Mediterranee, 95024 Acireale, Italy (C.L., G.R.-R.)
- Dipartimento di Agricoltura, Alimentazione e Ambiente, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy (G.L.C.)
- United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service National Clonal Germplasm Repository for Citrus and Dates, Riverside, California 92507-5437 (M.L.K., R.K.)
- University of California, Riverside, California 92521 (C.R.)
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology of the Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of China (Q.X., X.D.)
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, UR1115 PSH, F-84914 Avignon, France (A.-L.F.); and
- CIRAD, Unité Mixte de Recherche AGAP, Station Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, F-20230 San Giuliano, France (Y.F.)
| | - Giuseppina Las Casas
- John Innes Centre, Norwich NR4 7UH, United Kingdom (E.B., L.H., C.M.)
- Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias, 46113 Moncada, Valencia, Spain (A.G.-L., L.N.)
- Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e l'Analisi dell'Economia Agraria, Centro di Ricerca per l'Agrumicoltura e le Colture Mediterranee, 95024 Acireale, Italy (C.L., G.R.-R.)
- Dipartimento di Agricoltura, Alimentazione e Ambiente, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy (G.L.C.)
- United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service National Clonal Germplasm Repository for Citrus and Dates, Riverside, California 92507-5437 (M.L.K., R.K.)
- University of California, Riverside, California 92521 (C.R.)
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology of the Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of China (Q.X., X.D.)
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, UR1115 PSH, F-84914 Avignon, France (A.-L.F.); and
- CIRAD, Unité Mixte de Recherche AGAP, Station Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, F-20230 San Giuliano, France (Y.F.)
| | - Lionel Hill
- John Innes Centre, Norwich NR4 7UH, United Kingdom (E.B., L.H., C.M.)
- Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias, 46113 Moncada, Valencia, Spain (A.G.-L., L.N.)
- Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e l'Analisi dell'Economia Agraria, Centro di Ricerca per l'Agrumicoltura e le Colture Mediterranee, 95024 Acireale, Italy (C.L., G.R.-R.)
- Dipartimento di Agricoltura, Alimentazione e Ambiente, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy (G.L.C.)
- United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service National Clonal Germplasm Repository for Citrus and Dates, Riverside, California 92507-5437 (M.L.K., R.K.)
- University of California, Riverside, California 92521 (C.R.)
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology of the Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of China (Q.X., X.D.)
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, UR1115 PSH, F-84914 Avignon, France (A.-L.F.); and
- CIRAD, Unité Mixte de Recherche AGAP, Station Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, F-20230 San Giuliano, France (Y.F.)
| | - Giuseppe Reforgiato Recupero
- John Innes Centre, Norwich NR4 7UH, United Kingdom (E.B., L.H., C.M.)
- Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias, 46113 Moncada, Valencia, Spain (A.G.-L., L.N.)
- Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e l'Analisi dell'Economia Agraria, Centro di Ricerca per l'Agrumicoltura e le Colture Mediterranee, 95024 Acireale, Italy (C.L., G.R.-R.)
- Dipartimento di Agricoltura, Alimentazione e Ambiente, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy (G.L.C.)
- United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service National Clonal Germplasm Repository for Citrus and Dates, Riverside, California 92507-5437 (M.L.K., R.K.)
- University of California, Riverside, California 92521 (C.R.)
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology of the Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of China (Q.X., X.D.)
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, UR1115 PSH, F-84914 Avignon, France (A.-L.F.); and
- CIRAD, Unité Mixte de Recherche AGAP, Station Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, F-20230 San Giuliano, France (Y.F.)
| | - Manjunath L Keremane
- John Innes Centre, Norwich NR4 7UH, United Kingdom (E.B., L.H., C.M.)
- Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias, 46113 Moncada, Valencia, Spain (A.G.-L., L.N.)
- Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e l'Analisi dell'Economia Agraria, Centro di Ricerca per l'Agrumicoltura e le Colture Mediterranee, 95024 Acireale, Italy (C.L., G.R.-R.)
- Dipartimento di Agricoltura, Alimentazione e Ambiente, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy (G.L.C.)
- United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service National Clonal Germplasm Repository for Citrus and Dates, Riverside, California 92507-5437 (M.L.K., R.K.)
- University of California, Riverside, California 92521 (C.R.)
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology of the Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of China (Q.X., X.D.)
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, UR1115 PSH, F-84914 Avignon, France (A.-L.F.); and
- CIRAD, Unité Mixte de Recherche AGAP, Station Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, F-20230 San Giuliano, France (Y.F.)
| | - Chandrika Ramadugu
- John Innes Centre, Norwich NR4 7UH, United Kingdom (E.B., L.H., C.M.)
- Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias, 46113 Moncada, Valencia, Spain (A.G.-L., L.N.)
- Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e l'Analisi dell'Economia Agraria, Centro di Ricerca per l'Agrumicoltura e le Colture Mediterranee, 95024 Acireale, Italy (C.L., G.R.-R.)
- Dipartimento di Agricoltura, Alimentazione e Ambiente, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy (G.L.C.)
- United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service National Clonal Germplasm Repository for Citrus and Dates, Riverside, California 92507-5437 (M.L.K., R.K.)
- University of California, Riverside, California 92521 (C.R.)
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology of the Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of China (Q.X., X.D.)
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, UR1115 PSH, F-84914 Avignon, France (A.-L.F.); and
- CIRAD, Unité Mixte de Recherche AGAP, Station Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, F-20230 San Giuliano, France (Y.F.)
| | - Robert Krueger
- John Innes Centre, Norwich NR4 7UH, United Kingdom (E.B., L.H., C.M.)
- Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias, 46113 Moncada, Valencia, Spain (A.G.-L., L.N.)
- Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e l'Analisi dell'Economia Agraria, Centro di Ricerca per l'Agrumicoltura e le Colture Mediterranee, 95024 Acireale, Italy (C.L., G.R.-R.)
- Dipartimento di Agricoltura, Alimentazione e Ambiente, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy (G.L.C.)
- United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service National Clonal Germplasm Repository for Citrus and Dates, Riverside, California 92507-5437 (M.L.K., R.K.)
- University of California, Riverside, California 92521 (C.R.)
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology of the Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of China (Q.X., X.D.)
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, UR1115 PSH, F-84914 Avignon, France (A.-L.F.); and
- CIRAD, Unité Mixte de Recherche AGAP, Station Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, F-20230 San Giuliano, France (Y.F.)
| | - Qiang Xu
- John Innes Centre, Norwich NR4 7UH, United Kingdom (E.B., L.H., C.M.)
- Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias, 46113 Moncada, Valencia, Spain (A.G.-L., L.N.)
- Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e l'Analisi dell'Economia Agraria, Centro di Ricerca per l'Agrumicoltura e le Colture Mediterranee, 95024 Acireale, Italy (C.L., G.R.-R.)
- Dipartimento di Agricoltura, Alimentazione e Ambiente, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy (G.L.C.)
- United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service National Clonal Germplasm Repository for Citrus and Dates, Riverside, California 92507-5437 (M.L.K., R.K.)
- University of California, Riverside, California 92521 (C.R.)
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology of the Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of China (Q.X., X.D.)
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, UR1115 PSH, F-84914 Avignon, France (A.-L.F.); and
- CIRAD, Unité Mixte de Recherche AGAP, Station Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, F-20230 San Giuliano, France (Y.F.)
| | - Xiuxin Deng
- John Innes Centre, Norwich NR4 7UH, United Kingdom (E.B., L.H., C.M.)
- Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias, 46113 Moncada, Valencia, Spain (A.G.-L., L.N.)
- Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e l'Analisi dell'Economia Agraria, Centro di Ricerca per l'Agrumicoltura e le Colture Mediterranee, 95024 Acireale, Italy (C.L., G.R.-R.)
- Dipartimento di Agricoltura, Alimentazione e Ambiente, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy (G.L.C.)
- United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service National Clonal Germplasm Repository for Citrus and Dates, Riverside, California 92507-5437 (M.L.K., R.K.)
- University of California, Riverside, California 92521 (C.R.)
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology of the Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of China (Q.X., X.D.)
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, UR1115 PSH, F-84914 Avignon, France (A.-L.F.); and
- CIRAD, Unité Mixte de Recherche AGAP, Station Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, F-20230 San Giuliano, France (Y.F.)
| | - Anne-Laure Fanciullino
- John Innes Centre, Norwich NR4 7UH, United Kingdom (E.B., L.H., C.M.)
- Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias, 46113 Moncada, Valencia, Spain (A.G.-L., L.N.)
- Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e l'Analisi dell'Economia Agraria, Centro di Ricerca per l'Agrumicoltura e le Colture Mediterranee, 95024 Acireale, Italy (C.L., G.R.-R.)
- Dipartimento di Agricoltura, Alimentazione e Ambiente, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy (G.L.C.)
- United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service National Clonal Germplasm Repository for Citrus and Dates, Riverside, California 92507-5437 (M.L.K., R.K.)
- University of California, Riverside, California 92521 (C.R.)
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology of the Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of China (Q.X., X.D.)
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, UR1115 PSH, F-84914 Avignon, France (A.-L.F.); and
- CIRAD, Unité Mixte de Recherche AGAP, Station Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, F-20230 San Giuliano, France (Y.F.)
| | - Yann Froelicher
- John Innes Centre, Norwich NR4 7UH, United Kingdom (E.B., L.H., C.M.)
- Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias, 46113 Moncada, Valencia, Spain (A.G.-L., L.N.)
- Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e l'Analisi dell'Economia Agraria, Centro di Ricerca per l'Agrumicoltura e le Colture Mediterranee, 95024 Acireale, Italy (C.L., G.R.-R.)
- Dipartimento di Agricoltura, Alimentazione e Ambiente, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy (G.L.C.)
- United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service National Clonal Germplasm Repository for Citrus and Dates, Riverside, California 92507-5437 (M.L.K., R.K.)
- University of California, Riverside, California 92521 (C.R.)
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology of the Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of China (Q.X., X.D.)
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, UR1115 PSH, F-84914 Avignon, France (A.-L.F.); and
- CIRAD, Unité Mixte de Recherche AGAP, Station Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, F-20230 San Giuliano, France (Y.F.)
| | - Luis Navarro
- John Innes Centre, Norwich NR4 7UH, United Kingdom (E.B., L.H., C.M.)
- Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias, 46113 Moncada, Valencia, Spain (A.G.-L., L.N.)
- Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e l'Analisi dell'Economia Agraria, Centro di Ricerca per l'Agrumicoltura e le Colture Mediterranee, 95024 Acireale, Italy (C.L., G.R.-R.)
- Dipartimento di Agricoltura, Alimentazione e Ambiente, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy (G.L.C.)
- United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service National Clonal Germplasm Repository for Citrus and Dates, Riverside, California 92507-5437 (M.L.K., R.K.)
- University of California, Riverside, California 92521 (C.R.)
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology of the Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of China (Q.X., X.D.)
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, UR1115 PSH, F-84914 Avignon, France (A.-L.F.); and
- CIRAD, Unité Mixte de Recherche AGAP, Station Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, F-20230 San Giuliano, France (Y.F.)
| | - Cathie Martin
- John Innes Centre, Norwich NR4 7UH, United Kingdom (E.B., L.H., C.M.)
- Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias, 46113 Moncada, Valencia, Spain (A.G.-L., L.N.)
- Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e l'Analisi dell'Economia Agraria, Centro di Ricerca per l'Agrumicoltura e le Colture Mediterranee, 95024 Acireale, Italy (C.L., G.R.-R.)
- Dipartimento di Agricoltura, Alimentazione e Ambiente, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy (G.L.C.)
- United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service National Clonal Germplasm Repository for Citrus and Dates, Riverside, California 92507-5437 (M.L.K., R.K.)
- University of California, Riverside, California 92521 (C.R.)
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology of the Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of China (Q.X., X.D.)
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, UR1115 PSH, F-84914 Avignon, France (A.-L.F.); and
- CIRAD, Unité Mixte de Recherche AGAP, Station Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, F-20230 San Giuliano, France (Y.F.)
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Shimizu T, Kitajima A, Nonaka K, Yoshioka T, Ohta S, Goto S, Toyoda A, Fujiyama A, Mochizuki T, Nagasaki H, Kaminuma E, Nakamura Y. Hybrid Origins of Citrus Varieties Inferred from DNA Marker Analysis of Nuclear and Organelle Genomes. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0166969. [PMID: 27902727 PMCID: PMC5130255 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0166969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Most indigenous citrus varieties are assumed to be natural hybrids, but their parentage has so far been determined in only a few cases because of their wide genetic diversity and the low transferability of DNA markers. Here we infer the parentage of indigenous citrus varieties using simple sequence repeat and indel markers developed from various citrus genome sequence resources. Parentage tests with 122 known hybrids using the selected DNA markers certify their transferability among those hybrids. Identity tests confirm that most variant strains are selected mutants, but we find four types of kunenbo (Citrus nobilis) and three types of tachibana (Citrus tachibana) for which we suggest different origins. Structure analysis with DNA markers that are in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium deduce three basic taxa coinciding with the current understanding of citrus ancestors. Genotyping analysis of 101 indigenous citrus varieties with 123 selected DNA markers infers the parentages of 22 indigenous citrus varieties including Satsuma, Temple, and iyo, and single parents of 45 indigenous citrus varieties, including kunenbo, C. ichangensis, and Ichang lemon by allele-sharing and parentage tests. Genotyping analysis of chloroplast and mitochondrial genomes using 11 DNA markers classifies their cytoplasmic genotypes into 18 categories and deduces the combination of seed and pollen parents. Likelihood ratio analysis verifies the inferred parentages with significant scores. The reconstructed genealogy identifies 12 types of varieties consisting of Kishu, kunenbo, yuzu, koji, sour orange, dancy, kobeni mikan, sweet orange, tachibana, Cleopatra, willowleaf mandarin, and pummelo, which have played pivotal roles in the occurrence of these indigenous varieties. The inferred parentage of the indigenous varieties confirms their hybrid origins, as found by recent studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tokurou Shimizu
- Division of Citrus Research, Institute of Fruit Tree and Tea Science, NARO, Shimizu, Shizuoka, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Akira Kitajima
- Experimental Farm, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kizugawa, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Keisuke Nonaka
- Division of Citrus Research, Institute of Fruit Tree and Tea Science, NARO, Shimizu, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Terutaka Yoshioka
- Division of Citrus Research, Institute of Fruit Tree and Tea Science, NARO, Shimizu, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Satoshi Ohta
- Division of Citrus Research, Institute of Fruit Tree and Tea Science, NARO, Shimizu, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Shingo Goto
- Division of Citrus Research, Institute of Fruit Tree and Tea Science, NARO, Shimizu, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Atsushi Toyoda
- National Institute of Genetics, Comparative Genomics laboratory, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Asao Fujiyama
- National Institute of Genetics, Comparative Genomics laboratory, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Takako Mochizuki
- National Institute of Genetics, Center for Information Biology, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Hideki Nagasaki
- National Institute of Genetics, Center for Information Biology, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Eli Kaminuma
- National Institute of Genetics, Center for Information Biology, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Yasukazu Nakamura
- National Institute of Genetics, Center for Information Biology, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Shizuoka, Japan
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Salinas-Vargas D, Santillán-Galicia MT, Guzmán-Franco AW, Hernández-López A, Ortega-Arenas LD, Mora-Aguilera G. Analysis of Genetic Variation in Brevipalpus yothersi (Acari: Tenuipalpidae) Populations from Four Species of Citrus Host Plants. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0164552. [PMID: 27736923 PMCID: PMC5063392 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0164552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 09/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
We studied species diversity and genetic variation among populations of Brevipalpus mites from four species of citrus host plants. We sampled mites on orange, lime, grapefruit and mandarin trees from orchards at six localities distributed in the five most important citrus producing states in Mexico. Genetic variation among citrus host plants and localities were assessed by analysis of nucleotide sequence data from fragments of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI). Both Brevipalpus yothersi and B. californicus were found at these sites, and B. yothersi was the most abundant species found on all citrus species and in all localities sampled. B. californicus was found mainly on orange and mandarin and only in two of the states sampled. AMOVA and haplotype network analyses revealed no correlation between B. yothersi genetic population structure and geographical origin or citrus host plant species. Considering that a previous study reported greater genetic diversity in B. yothersi populations from Brazil than we observed in Mexico, we discuss the possibility that the Mexican populations may have originated in the southern region of America.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delfina Salinas-Vargas
- Posgrado en Fitosanidad-Entomología y Acarología, Colegio de Postgraduados, Texcoco, Edo. de Mexico, Mexico
| | | | - Ariel W. Guzmán-Franco
- Posgrado en Fitosanidad-Entomología y Acarología, Colegio de Postgraduados, Texcoco, Edo. de Mexico, Mexico
| | | | - Laura D. Ortega-Arenas
- Posgrado en Fitosanidad-Entomología y Acarología, Colegio de Postgraduados, Texcoco, Edo. de Mexico, Mexico
| | - Gustavo Mora-Aguilera
- Posgrado en Fitosanidad-Fitopatología, Colegio de Postgraduados, Texcoco, Edo. de Mexico, Mexico
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Ma G, Zhang L, Yungyuen W, Tsukamoto I, Iijima N, Oikawa M, Yamawaki K, Yahata M, Kato M. Expression and functional analysis of citrus carotene hydroxylases: unravelling the xanthophyll biosynthesis in citrus fruits. BMC Plant Biol 2016; 16:148. [PMID: 27358074 PMCID: PMC4928310 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-016-0840-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2016] [Accepted: 06/22/2016] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Xanthophylls are oxygenated carotenoids and fulfill critical roles in plant growth and development. In plants, two different types of carotene hydroxylases, non-heme di-iron and heme-containing cytochrome P450, were reported to be involved in the biosynthesis of xanthophyll. Citrus fruits accumulate a high amount of xanthophylls, especially β,β-xanthophylls. To date, however, the roles of carotene hydroxylases in regulating xanthophyll content and composition have not been elucidated. RESULTS In the present study, the roles of four carotene hydroxylase genes (CitHYb, CitCYP97A, CitCYP97B, and CitCYP97C) in the biosynthesis of xanthophyll in citrus fruits were investigated. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the four citrus carotene hydroxylases presented in four distinct clusters which have been identified in higher plants. CitHYb was a non-heme di-iron carotene hydroxylase, while CitCYP97A, CitCYP97B, and CitCYP97C were heme-containing cytochrome P450-type carotene hydroxylases. Gene expression results showed that the expression of CitHYb increased in the flavedo and juice sacs during the ripening process, which was well consistent with the accumulation of β,β-xanthophyll in citrus fruits. The expression of CitCYP97A and CitCYP97C increased with a peak in November, which might lead to an increase of lutein in the juice sacs during the ripening process. The expression level of CitCYP97B was much lower than that of CitHYb, CitCYP97A, and CitCYP97C in the juice sacs during the ripening process. Functional analysis showed that the CitHYb was able to catalyze the hydroxylation of the β-rings of β-carotene and α-carotene in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) cells. Meanwhile, when CitHYb was co-expressed with CitCYP97C, α-carotene was hydroxylated on the β-ring and ε-ring sequentially to produce lutein. CONCLUSIONS CitHYb was a key gene for β,β-xanthophyll biosynthesis in citrus fruits. CitCYP97C functioned as an ε-ring hydroxylase to produce lutein using zeinoxanthin as a substrate. The results will contribute to elucidating xanthophyll biosynthesis in citrus fruits, and provide new strategies to improve the nutritional and commercial qualities of citrus fruits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Ma
- />Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, Shizuoka, Suruga 422-8529 Japan
| | - Lancui Zhang
- />Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, Shizuoka, Suruga 422-8529 Japan
| | - Witchulada Yungyuen
- />Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, Shizuoka, Suruga 422-8529 Japan
- />The United Graduate school of Agricultural Science, Gifu University (Shizuoka University), Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1193 Japan
| | - Issei Tsukamoto
- />Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, Shizuoka, Suruga 422-8529 Japan
| | - Natsumi Iijima
- />Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, Shizuoka, Suruga 422-8529 Japan
| | - Michiru Oikawa
- />Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, Shizuoka, Suruga 422-8529 Japan
| | - Kazuki Yamawaki
- />Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, Shizuoka, Suruga 422-8529 Japan
| | - Masaki Yahata
- />Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, Shizuoka, Suruga 422-8529 Japan
| | - Masaya Kato
- />Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, Shizuoka, Suruga 422-8529 Japan
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Zandalinas SI, Rivero RM, Martínez V, Gómez-Cadenas A, Arbona V. Tolerance of citrus plants to the combination of high temperatures and drought is associated to the increase in transpiration modulated by a reduction in abscisic acid levels. BMC Plant Biol 2016; 16:105. [PMID: 27121193 PMCID: PMC4848825 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-016-0791-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2015] [Accepted: 04/20/2016] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In natural environments, several adverse environmental conditions occur simultaneously constituting a unique stress factor. In this work, physiological parameters and the hormonal regulation of Carrizo citrange and Cleopatra mandarin, two citrus genotypes, in response to the combined action of high temperatures and water deprivation were studied. The objective was to characterize particular responses to the stress combination. RESULTS Experiments indicated that Carrizo citrange is more tolerant to the stress combination than Cleopatra mandarin. Furthermore, an experimental design spanning 24 h stress duration, heat stress applied alone induced higher stomatal conductance and transpiration in both genotypes whereas combined water deprivation partially counteracted this response. Comparing both genotypes, Carrizo citrange showed higher phostosystem-II efficiency and lower oxidative damage than Cleopatra mandarin. Hormonal profiling in leaves revealed that salicylic acid (SA) accumulated in response to individual stresses but to a higher extent in samples subjected to the combination of heat and drought (showing an additive response). SA accumulation correlated with the up-regulation of pathogenesis-related gene 2 (CsPR2), as a downstream response. On the contrary, abscisic acid (ABA) accumulation was higher in water-stressed plants followed by that observed in plants under stress combination. ABA signaling in these plants was confirmed by the expression of responsive to ABA-related gene 18 (CsRAB18). Modulation of ABA levels was likely carried out by the induction of 9-neoxanthin cis-epoxicarotenoid dioxygenase (CsNCED) and ABA 8'-hydroxylase (CsCYP707A) while conversion to ABA-glycosyl ester (ABAGE) was a less prominent process despite the strong induction of ABA O-glycosyl transferase (CsAOG). CONCLUSIONS Cleopatra mandarin is more susceptible to the combination of high temperatures and water deprivation than Carrizo citrange. This is likely a result of a higher transpiration rate in Carrizo that could allow a more efficient cooling of leaf surface ensuring optimal CO2 intake. Hence, SA induction in Cleopatra was not sufficient to protect PSII from photoinhibition, resulting in higher malondialdehyde (MDA) build-up. Inhibition of ABA accumulation during heat stress and combined stresses was achieved primarily through the up-regulation of CsCYP707A leading to phaseic acid (PA) and dehydrophaseic acid (DPA) production. To sum up, data indicate that specific physiological responses to the combination of heat and drought exist in citrus. In addition, these responses are differently modulated depending on the particular stress tolerance of citrus genotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara I. Zandalinas
- />Department Ciències Agràries i del Medi Natural, Universitat Jaume I, E-12071 Castelló de la Plana, Spain
| | - Rosa M. Rivero
- />Departament de Nutrición Vegetal, Centro de Edafología Aplicada del Segura, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Vicente Martínez
- />Departament de Nutrición Vegetal, Centro de Edafología Aplicada del Segura, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Aurelio Gómez-Cadenas
- />Department Ciències Agràries i del Medi Natural, Universitat Jaume I, E-12071 Castelló de la Plana, Spain
| | - Vicent Arbona
- />Department Ciències Agràries i del Medi Natural, Universitat Jaume I, E-12071 Castelló de la Plana, Spain
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Amorim JL, Simas DLR, Pinheiro MMG, Moreno DSA, Alviano CS, da Silva AJR, Dias Fernandes P. Anti-Inflammatory Properties and Chemical Characterization of the Essential Oils of Four Citrus Species. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0153643. [PMID: 27088973 PMCID: PMC4835072 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0153643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2016] [Accepted: 04/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Citrus fruits have potential health-promoting properties and their essential oils have long been used in several applications. Due to biological effects described to some citrus species in this study our objectives were to analyze and compare the phytochemical composition and evaluate the anti-inflammatory effect of essential oils (EO) obtained from four different Citrus species. Mice were treated with EO obtained from C. limon, C. latifolia, C. aurantifolia or C. limonia (10 to 100 mg/kg, p.o.) and their anti-inflammatory effects were evaluated in chemical induced inflammation (formalin-induced licking response) and carrageenan-induced inflammation in the subcutaneous air pouch model. A possible antinociceptive effect was evaluated in the hot plate model. Phytochemical analyses indicated the presence of geranial, limonene, γ-terpinene and others. EOs from C. limon, C. aurantifolia and C. limonia exhibited anti-inflammatory effects by reducing cell migration, cytokine production and protein extravasation induced by carrageenan. These effects were also obtained with similar amounts of pure limonene. It was also observed that C. aurantifolia induced myelotoxicity in mice. Anti-inflammatory effect of C. limon and C. limonia is probably due to their large quantities of limonene, while the myelotoxicity observed with C. aurantifolia is most likely due to the high concentration of citral. Our results indicate that these EOs from C. limon, C. aurantifolia and C. limonia have a significant anti-inflammatory effect; however, care should be taken with C. aurantifolia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Luis Amorim
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Laboratório de Farmacologia da Dor e da Inflamação, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
| | - Daniel Luiz Reis Simas
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Pesquisa de Produtos Naturais, Laboratório de Análise Fitoquímica, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
| | - Mariana Martins Gomes Pinheiro
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Laboratório de Farmacologia da Dor e da Inflamação, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
| | - Daniela Sales Alviano Moreno
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Laboratório de Estruturas de Superfície de Micro-organismos, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
| | - Celuta Sales Alviano
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Laboratório de Estruturas de Superfície de Micro-organismos, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
| | - Antonio Jorge Ribeiro da Silva
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Pesquisa de Produtos Naturais, Laboratório de Análise Fitoquímica, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
| | - Patricia Dias Fernandes
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Laboratório de Farmacologia da Dor e da Inflamação, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
- * E-mail: ;
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Masson J, Liberto E, Beolor JC, Brevard H, Bicchi C, Rubiolo P. Oxygenated heterocyclic compounds to differentiate Citrus spp. essential oils through metabolomic strategies. Food Chem 2016; 206:223-33. [PMID: 27041320 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.03.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2015] [Revised: 03/11/2016] [Accepted: 03/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to characterise and discriminate 44 authenticated commercial samples of citrus essential oils (EO) from seven species (bergamot, lemon, bigarade, orange, mandarin, grapefruit, lime) by analysing the non-volatile oxygenated heterocyclic compounds (OHC) by UHPLC/TOF-HRMS, multivariate data analysis (PCA, PLS-DA) and metabolomic strategies; the OHC fraction includes coumarins, furocoumarins, and polymethoxylated flavonoids. Two different approaches were adopted: (i) targeted profiling based on quantifying 18 furocoumarins and coumarins, some of which are regulated by law, and (ii) targeted fingerprinting based on 140 OHCs reported in citrus essential oils, from which 38 discriminant markers were defined. This approach correctly discriminated the Citrus species; its "sensitivity" to relatively low adulteration rate (10%) was highly satisfactory. The proposed method is complementary to that of analysing the citrus EO volatile part by GC techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerome Masson
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco, Università di Torino, Via P. Giuria 9, I-10125 Torino, Italy; Robertet SA, Research Division, 37 Avenue Sidi Brahim, F-06130 Grasse, France
| | - Erica Liberto
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco, Università di Torino, Via P. Giuria 9, I-10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Jean-Claude Beolor
- Robertet SA, Research Division, 37 Avenue Sidi Brahim, F-06130 Grasse, France
| | - Hugues Brevard
- Robertet SA, Research Division, 37 Avenue Sidi Brahim, F-06130 Grasse, France
| | - Carlo Bicchi
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco, Università di Torino, Via P. Giuria 9, I-10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Patrizia Rubiolo
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco, Università di Torino, Via P. Giuria 9, I-10125 Torino, Italy.
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Goldenberg L, Yaniv Y, Doron-Faigenboim A, Carmi N, Porat R. Diversity among mandarin varieties and natural sub-groups in aroma volatiles compositions. J Sci Food Agric 2016; 96:57-65. [PMID: 25824867 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.7191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2015] [Revised: 03/25/2015] [Accepted: 03/25/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mandarins constitute a large, diverse and important group within the Citrus family. Here, we analysed the aroma volatiles compositions of 13 mandarin varieties belonging to seven genetically different natural sub-groups that included common mandarin (C. reticulata Blanco), clementine (C. clementina Hort. ex. Tan), satsuma (C. unshiu Marcovitch), Mediterranean mandarin (C. deliciosa Tenore), King mandarin (C. nobilis Loureiro), and mandarin hybrids, such as tangor (C. reticulata × C. sinensis) and tangelo (C. reticulata × C. paradisi). RESULTS We found that mandarin varieties among tangors ('Temple', 'Ortanique'), tangelos ('Orlando', 'Minneola') and King ('King') had more volatiles, at higher levels, and were richer in sesquiterpene and ester volatiles, than other varieties belonging to the sub-groups common mandarin ('Ora', 'Ponkan'), clementine ('Oroval', 'Caffin'), satsuma ('Okitsu', 'Owari') and Mediterranean mandarin ('Avana', 'Yusuf Efendi'). Hierarchical clustering and principal component analysis accurately differentiated between mandarin varieties and natural sub-groups according to their aroma-volatile profiles. CONCLUSIONS Although we found wide differences in aroma-volatiles compositions among varieties belonging to different natural sub-groups, we detected only minor differences among varieties within any natural sub-group. These findings suggest that selecting appropriate parents would enable manipulation of aroma-volatile compositions in future mandarin breeding programmes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Livnat Goldenberg
- Department of Postharvest Science of Fresh Produce, ARO, the Volcani Center, P.O. Box 6, Bet Dagan 50250, Israel
- Faculty of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Quality Sciences, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Yossi Yaniv
- Department of Fruit Tree Crops, ARO, the Volcani Center, P.O. Box 6, Bet Dagan 50250, Israel
| | - Adi Doron-Faigenboim
- Department of Fruit Tree Crops, ARO, the Volcani Center, P.O. Box 6, Bet Dagan 50250, Israel
| | - Nir Carmi
- Department of Fruit Tree Crops, ARO, the Volcani Center, P.O. Box 6, Bet Dagan 50250, Israel
| | - Ron Porat
- Department of Postharvest Science of Fresh Produce, ARO, the Volcani Center, P.O. Box 6, Bet Dagan 50250, Israel
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Hosseini A, Sadeghnia HR, Rajabian A. Protective effects of peel and seed extracts of Citrus aurantium on glutamate-induced cytotoxicity in PC12 cell line. Folia Neuropathol 2016; 54:262-272. [PMID: 27764519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress and apoptosis contribute to neuronal degeneration in many neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease. Glutamate is a major excitatory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system (CNS) and is considered responsible for the pathogenesis of many neurological disorders. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) production is thought to be involved in glutamate-induced apoptosis process. In this study, the neuroprotective effects of Citrus aurantium in the glutamate-induced rat's adrenal pheochromocytoma cell line (PC12 cells) were investigated. The cell viability and apoptotic cell death were measured using MTT and propidium iodine (PI)-staining methods, respectively. In addition, intracellular ROS and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were determined by fluorometric methods. The results showed that glutamate cytotoxicity in PC12 cells was accompanied by an increment of MDA content, ROS generation, and apoptotic induction. However, pretreatment with peel and seed extracts of C. aurantium significantly reduced MDA content, ROS generation, and apoptotic cells. All these findings indicated that C. aurantium protected PC12 cells against glutamate-induced apoptosis by inhibiting ROS production. Therefore, the present study supports that C. aurantium extracts possess neuroprotective effects against glutamate-induced toxicity in PC12 cell line. The protective effect of C. aurantium might be attributed to its antioxidant properties.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - A Rajabian
- Arezoo Rajabian, Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, 511 8828567 Mashhad, Iran, phone: +98 511 8828567, e-mail:
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Dugrand-Judek A, Olry A, Hehn A, Costantino G, Ollitrault P, Froelicher Y, Bourgaud F. The Distribution of Coumarins and Furanocoumarins in Citrus Species Closely Matches Citrus Phylogeny and Reflects the Organization of Biosynthetic Pathways. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0142757. [PMID: 26558757 PMCID: PMC4641707 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0142757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2015] [Accepted: 10/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Citrus plants are able to produce defense compounds such as coumarins and furanocoumarins to cope with herbivorous insects and pathogens. In humans, these chemical compounds are strong photosensitizers and can interact with medications, leading to the "grapefruit juice effect". Removing coumarins and furanocoumarins from food and cosmetics imply additional costs and might alter product quality. Thus, the selection of Citrus cultivars displaying low coumarin and furanocoumarin contents constitutes a valuable alternative. In this study, we performed ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry analyses to determine the contents of these compounds within the peel and the pulp of 61 Citrus species representative of the genetic diversity all Citrus. Generally, Citrus peel contains larger diversity and higher concentrations of coumarin/furanocoumarin than the pulp of the same fruits. According to the chemotypes found in the peel, Citrus species can be separated into 4 groups that correspond to the 4 ancestral taxa (pummelos, mandarins, citrons and papedas) and extended with their respective secondary species descendants. Three of the 4 ancestral taxa (pummelos, citrons and papedas) synthesize high amounts of these compounds, whereas mandarins appear practically devoid of them. Additionally, all ancestral taxa and their hybrids are logically organized according to the coumarin and furanocoumarin pathways described in the literature. This organization allows hypotheses to be drawn regarding the biosynthetic origin of compounds for which the biogenesis remains unresolved. Determining coumarin and furanocoumarin contents is also helpful for hypothesizing the origin of Citrus species for which the phylogeny is presently not firmly established. Finally, this work also notes favorable hybridization schemes that will lead to low coumarin and furanocoumarin contents, and we propose to select mandarins and Ichang papeda as Citrus varieties for use in creating species devoid of these toxic compounds in future breeding programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audray Dugrand-Judek
- Université de Lorraine, UMR 1121 Laboratoire Agronomie et Environnement Nancy-Colmar, 2 avenue de la forêt de Haye, TSA 40602, 54518, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
- INRA, UMR 1121 Université de Lorraine, UMR 1121 Laboratoire Agronomie et Environnement Nancy-Colmar, 2 avenue de la forêt de Haye, TSA 40602, 54518, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Alexandre Olry
- Université de Lorraine, UMR 1121 Laboratoire Agronomie et Environnement Nancy-Colmar, 2 avenue de la forêt de Haye, TSA 40602, 54518, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
- INRA, UMR 1121 Université de Lorraine, UMR 1121 Laboratoire Agronomie et Environnement Nancy-Colmar, 2 avenue de la forêt de Haye, TSA 40602, 54518, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Alain Hehn
- Université de Lorraine, UMR 1121 Laboratoire Agronomie et Environnement Nancy-Colmar, 2 avenue de la forêt de Haye, TSA 40602, 54518, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
- INRA, UMR 1121 Université de Lorraine, UMR 1121 Laboratoire Agronomie et Environnement Nancy-Colmar, 2 avenue de la forêt de Haye, TSA 40602, 54518, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | | | - Patrick Ollitrault
- Centro de Protección Vegetal y Biotecnología, Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias (Ivia), 46113 Moncada, Valencia, Spain
- CIRAD, UMR AGAP, Station de Roujol, 97170 Petit-Bourg, Guadeloupe, France
| | - Yann Froelicher
- CIRAD, UMR AGAP, Station INRA, F-20230, San Giuliano, France
| | - Frédéric Bourgaud
- Université de Lorraine, UMR 1121 Laboratoire Agronomie et Environnement Nancy-Colmar, 2 avenue de la forêt de Haye, TSA 40602, 54518, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
- INRA, UMR 1121 Université de Lorraine, UMR 1121 Laboratoire Agronomie et Environnement Nancy-Colmar, 2 avenue de la forêt de Haye, TSA 40602, 54518, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
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Li P, Miao H, Ma Y, Wang L, Hu G, Ye Z, Zhao J, Qin Y. CrWSKP1, an SKP1-like Gene, Is Involved in the Self-Incompatibility Reaction of "Wuzishatangju" (Citrus reticulata Blanco). Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:21695-710. [PMID: 26370985 PMCID: PMC4613275 DOI: 10.3390/ijms160921695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2015] [Revised: 08/23/2015] [Accepted: 08/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant S-phase kinase-associated protein 1 (SKP1) genes play crucial roles in plant development and differentiation. However, the role of SKP1 in citrus is unclear. Herein, we described a novel SKP1-like gene, designated as CrWSKP1, from "Wuzishatangju" (Citrus reticulata Blanco). The cDNA sequence of CrWSKP1 is 779 base pairs (bp) and contains an open reading frame (ORF) of 477 bp. The genomic sequence of the CrWSKP1 gene is 1296 bp with two exons and one intron. CrWSKP1 has high identity with SKP1-like genes from other plant species within two conserved regions. Approximately 85% of pollen tubes of self-pollinated CrWSKP1 transgenic tobaccos became twisted at four days after self-pollination. Pollen tube numbers of self-pollinated CrWSKP1 transformants entering into ovules were significantly fewer than that of the control. Seed number of self-pollinated CrWSKP1 transformants was significantly reduced. These results suggested that the CrWSKP1 is involved in the self-incompatibility (SI) reaction of "Wuzishatangju".
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Li
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources/ Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops-South China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
| | - Hongxia Miao
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources/ Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops-South China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
- Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Tropical Crop Bioscience and Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Haikou 571101, China.
| | - Yuewen Ma
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources/ Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops-South China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
| | - Lu Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources/ Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops-South China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
| | - Guibing Hu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources/ Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops-South China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
| | - Zixing Ye
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources/ Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops-South China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
| | - Jietang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources/ Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops-South China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
| | - Yonghua Qin
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources/ Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops-South China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
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Li XL, Yi SL, He SL, Lü Q, Xie RJ, Zheng YQ, Deng L. [Identification of Pummelo Cultivars Based on Hyperspectral Imaging Technology]. Guang Pu Xue Yu Guang Pu Fen Xi 2015; 35:2639-2643. [PMID: 26669182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Existing methods for the identification of pummelo cultivars are usually time-consuming and costly, and are therefore inconvenient to be used in cases that a rapid identification is needed. This research was aimed at identifying different pummelo cultivars by hyperspectral imaging technology which can achieve a rapid and highly sensitive measurement. A total of 240 leaf samples, 60 for each of the four cultivars were investigated. Samples were divided into two groups such as calibration set (48 samples of each cultivar) and validation set (12 samples of each cultivar) by a Kennard-Stone-based algorithm. Hyperspectral images of both adaxial and abaxial surfaces of each leaf were obtained, and were segmented into a region of interest (ROI) using a simple threshold. Spectra of leaf samples were extracted from ROI. To remove the absolute noises of the spectra, only the date of spectral range 400~1000 nm was used for analysis. Multiplicative scatter correction (MSC) and standard normal variable (SNV) were utilized for data preprocessing. Principal component analysis (PCA) was used to extract the best principal components, and successive projections algorithm (SPA) was used to extract the effective wavelengths. Least squares support vector machine (LS-SVM) was used to obtain the discrimination model of the four different pummelo cultivars. To find out the optimal values of σ2 and γ which were important parameters in LS-SVM modeling, Grid-search technique and Cross-Validation were applied. The first 10 and 11 principal components were extracted by PCA for the hyperspectral data of adaxial surface and abaxial surface, respectively. There were 31 and 21 effective wavelengths selected by SPA based on the hyperspectral data of adaxial surface and abaxial surface, respectively. The best principal components and the effective wavelengths were used as inputs of LS-SVM models, and then the PCA-LS-SVM model and the SPA-LS-SVM model were built. The results showed that 99.46% and 98.44% of identification accuracy was achieved in the calibration set for the PCA-LS-SVM model and the SPA-LS-SVM model, respectively, and a 95.83% of identification accuracy was achieved in the validation set for both the PCA-LS-SVM and the SPA- LS-SVM models, which were built based on the hyperspectral data of adaxial surface. Comparatively, the results of the PCA-LS-SVM and the SPA-LS-SVM models built based on the hyperspectral data of abaxial surface both achieved identification accuracies of 100% for both calibration set and validation set. The overall results demonstrated that use of hyperspectral data of adaxial and abaxial leaf surfaces coupled with the use of PCA-LS-SVM and the SPA-LS-SVM could achieve an accurate identification of pummelo cultivars. It was feasible to use hyperspectral imaging technology to identify different pummelo cultivars, and hyperspectral imaging technology provided an alternate way of rapid identification of pummelo cultivars. Moreover, the results in this paper demonstrated that the data from the abaxial surface of leaf was more sensitive in identifying pummelo cultivars. This study provided a new method for to the fast discrimination of pummelo cultivars.
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Su JH, Zhang C, Sun L, Gu BR, Ma SC. [Identification of two varieties of Citri Fructus by fingerprint and chemometrics]. Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi 2015; 40:2318-2324. [PMID: 26591517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Citri Fructus identification by fingerprint and chemometrics was investigated in this paper. Twenty-three Citri Fructus samples were collected which referred to two varieties as Cirtus wilsonii and C. medica recorded in Chinese Pharmacopoeia. HPLC chromatograms were obtained. The components were partly identified by reference substances, and then common pattern was established for chemometrics analysis. Similarity analysis, principal component analysis (PCA) , partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) and hierarchical cluster analysis heatmap were applied. The results indicated that C. wilsonii and C. medica could be ideally classified with common pattern contained twenty-five characteristic peaks. Besides, preliminary pattern recognition had verified the chemometrics analytical results. Absolute peak area (APA) was used for relevant quantitative analysis, results showed the differences between two varieties and it was valuable for further quality control as selection of characteristic components.
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Bani-Hashemian SM, Pensabene-Bellavia G, Duran-Vila N, Serra P. Phloem restriction of viroids in three citrus hosts is overcome by grafting with Etrog citron: potential involvement of a translocatable factor. J Gen Virol 2015; 96:2405-2410. [PMID: 25888624 DOI: 10.1099/vir.0.000154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Viroid systemic spread involves cell-to-cell movement from initially infected cells via plasmodesmata, long-distance movement within the phloem and again cell-to-cell movement to invade distal tissues including the mesophyll. Citrus exocortis viroid (CEVd), hop stunt viroid, citrus bent leaf viroid, citrus dwarfing viroid, citrus bark cracking viroid and citrus viroid V remained phloem restricted when singly infecting Citrus karna, Citrus aurantium and Poncirus trifoliata, but not Etrog citron, where they were additionally detected in mesophyll protoplasts. However, when CEVd-infected C. karna was side-grafted with Etrog citron--with the resulting plants being composed of a C. karna stock and an Etrog citron branch--the viroid was detected in mesophyll protoplasts of the former, thus indicating that the ability of Etrog citron to support viroid invasion of non-vascular tissues was transferred to the stock. Further results suggest that a translocatable factor from Etrog citron mediates this viroid trafficking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Mehdi Bani-Hashemian
- Departamento de Protección Vegetal y Biotecnología, Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias (IVIA), Apartado Oficial, 46113 Moncada, Valencia, Spain
- Iran Citrus Research Institute, 46915-335 Ramsar, Iran
| | - Giovanni Pensabene-Bellavia
- Departamento de Protección Vegetal y Biotecnología, Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias (IVIA), Apartado Oficial, 46113 Moncada, Valencia, Spain
- José Morera S.L., Pl. Almansa 1-1°, 46001 Valencia, Spain
| | - Nuria Duran-Vila
- Departamento de Protección Vegetal y Biotecnología, Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias (IVIA), Apartado Oficial, 46113 Moncada, Valencia, Spain
| | - Pedro Serra
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (UPV - CSIC), 46022 Valencia, Spain
- Departamento de Protección Vegetal y Biotecnología, Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias (IVIA), Apartado Oficial, 46113 Moncada, Valencia, Spain
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Delort E, Jaquier A, Decorzant E, Chapuis C, Casilli A, Frérot E. Comparative analysis of three Australian finger lime (Citrus australasica) cultivars: identification of unique citrus chemotypes and new volatile molecules. Phytochemistry 2015; 109:111-24. [PMID: 25468539 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2014.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2014] [Revised: 10/15/2014] [Accepted: 10/20/2014] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
The volatile constituents of the peel of three cultivars of Australian finger lime (Citrus australasica) were investigated: Alstonville, Judy's Everbearing and Durham's Emerald. Both qualitative and quantitative GC-MS analyses were performed on their peel solvent extract. The results showed that the unique phenotypes of finger lime are also correlated to unique molecular compositions. Each cultivar revealed a different chemotype: limonene/sabinene for cv. Alstonville, limonene/citronellal/isomenthone for cv. Judy's Everbearing, and limonene/citronellal/ citronellol for cv. Durham's Emerald. To the best of our knowledge, these chemotypes have never been reported in any other citrus species. Furthermore, the amounts of some volatile constituents (γ-terpinene, α-pinene, β-pinene, citral), which are generally the major constituents besides limonene in lime species, were surprisingly low in the three cultivars. Comparative GC-MS analysis also showed that some volatile molecules tended to be specific to one cultivar and could therefore be considered as markers. Moreover six molecules were reported for the first time in a citrus extract and confirmed by synthesis. Heart-cutting enantioselective two-dimensional GC-MS was performed to determine the enantiomeric distribution of the major chiral constituents. The combined data on three finger lime cultivars gives evidence of their divergence from other citrus species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estelle Delort
- Firmenich SA, Corporate R&D Division, Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - Alain Jaquier
- Firmenich SA, Corporate R&D Division, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Erik Decorzant
- Firmenich SA, Corporate R&D Division, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Eric Frérot
- Firmenich SA, Corporate R&D Division, Geneva, Switzerland
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Xie R, Li Y, He S, Zheng Y, Yi S, Lv Q, Deng L. Genome-wide analysis of citrus R2R3MYB genes and their spatiotemporal expression under stresses and hormone treatments. PLoS One 2014; 9:e113971. [PMID: 25473954 PMCID: PMC4256393 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0113971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2014] [Accepted: 11/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The R2R3MYB proteins represent one of the largest families of transcription factors, which play important roles in plant growth and development. Although genome-wide analysis of this family has been conducted in many species, little is known about R2R3MYB genes in citrus, In this study, 101 R2R3MYB genes has been identified in the citrus (Citrus sinesis and Citrus clementina) genomes, which are almost equal to the number of rice. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that they could be subdivided into 21 subgroups. The evolutionary relationships and the intro-exon organizations were also analyzed, revealing strong gene conservation but also the expansions of particular functional genes during the plant evolution. Tissue-specific expression profiles showed that 95 citrus R2R3MYB genes were expressed in at least one tissue and the other 6 genes showed very low expression in all tissues tested, suggesting that citrus R2R3MYB genes play important roles in the development of all citrus organs. The transcript abundance level analysis during abiotic conditions (NaCl, abscisic acid, jasmonic acid, drought and low temperature) identified a group of R2R3MYB genes that responded to one or multiple treatments, which showed a promising for improving citrus adaptation to stresses. Our results provided an essential foundation for the future selection of the citrus R2R3MYB genes for cloning and functional dissection with an aim of uncovering their roles in citrus growth and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rangjin Xie
- Citrus Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yongjie Li
- Citrus Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shaolan He
- Citrus Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yongqiang Zheng
- Citrus Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shilai Yi
- Citrus Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qiang Lv
- Citrus Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lie Deng
- Citrus Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
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Su HJ, Hogenhout SA, Al-Sadi AM, Kuo CH. Complete chloroplast genome sequence of Omani lime (Citrus aurantiifolia) and comparative analysis within the rosids. PLoS One 2014; 9:e113049. [PMID: 25398081 PMCID: PMC4232571 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0113049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2014] [Accepted: 10/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The genus Citrus contains many economically important fruits that are grown worldwide for their high nutritional and medicinal value. Due to frequent hybridizations among species and cultivars, the exact number of natural species and the taxonomic relationships within this genus are unclear. To compare the differences between the Citrus chloroplast genomes and to develop useful genetic markers, we used a reference-assisted approach to assemble the complete chloroplast genome of Omani lime (C. aurantiifolia). The complete C. aurantiifolia chloroplast genome is 159,893 bp in length; the organization and gene content are similar to most of the rosids lineages characterized to date. Through comparison with the sweet orange (C. sinensis) chloroplast genome, we identified three intergenic regions and 94 simple sequence repeats (SSRs) that are potentially informative markers with resolution for interspecific relationships. These markers can be utilized to better understand the origin of cultivated Citrus. A comparison among 72 species belonging to 10 families of representative rosids lineages also provides new insights into their chloroplast genome evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huei-Jiun Su
- Institute of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Saskia A. Hogenhout
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, John Innes Centre, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | | | - Chih-Horng Kuo
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Molecular and Biological Agricultural Sciences Program, Taiwan International Graduate Program, National Chung Hsing University and Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Genovese S, Fiorito S, Locatelli M, Carlucci G, Epifano F. Analysis of biologically active oxyprenylated ferulic acid derivatives in Citrus fruits. Plant Foods Hum Nutr 2014; 69:255-260. [PMID: 24928688 DOI: 10.1007/s11130-014-0427-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
4'-Geranyloxyferulic (GOFA) and boropinic acid have been discovered during the last decade as interesting phytochemicals having valuable pharmacological effects as cancer chemopreventive, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, and anti-Helicobacter pylori agents. A reverse-phase HPLC-UV/Vis method for the separation and quantification of the title oxyprenylated ferulic acid derivatives in extracts obtained from peels of nine edible Citrus and Fortunella fruits was successfully applied. Concentration values showed a great variation between the different species, being orange (C. sinensis) the fruit richest in GOFA (0.141 ± 0.011 mg/g of exocarp fresh weight) and kumquat (Fortunella japonica) the one in which boropinic acid was recorded as the most abundant phytochemical (0.206 ± 0.002 mg/g of exocarp fresh weight). Both secondary metabolites were not detected only in three species. The set-up methodology showed limits of quantification (LOQ) values, that were able to selectively quantify both GOFA and boropinic acid. Results described herein depict a potential chemopreventive dietary feeding role for the Rutaceae spp. under investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore Genovese
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università "G. d'Annunzio" Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100, Chieti Scalo, (CH), Italy,
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Asikin Y, Fukunaga H, Yamano Y, Hou DX, Maeda G, Wada K. Effect of cultivation line and peeling on food composition, taste characteristic, aroma profile, and antioxidant activity of Shiikuwasha (Citrus depressa Hayata) juice. J Sci Food Agric 2014; 94:2384-2392. [PMID: 24407942 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.6563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2013] [Revised: 11/20/2013] [Accepted: 01/09/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Shiikuwasha (Citrus depressa Hayata) juice from four main cultivation lines subjected to two peeling practices (with or without peeling) were discriminated in terms of quality attributes, represented by sugar and organic acid composition, taste characteristic, aroma profile, and antioxidant activity. RESULTS Shiikuwasha juice from these lines had diverse food compositions; 'Izumi kugani' juice had lower acidity but contained more ascorbic acid than that of other cultivation lines. The composition of volatile aroma components was influenced by fruit cultivation line, whereas its content was affected by peeling process (20.26-53.73 mg L(-1) in whole juice versus 0.82-1.58 mg L(-1) in flesh juice). Peeling also caused Shiikuwasha juice to be less astringent and acidic bitter and to lose its antioxidant activity. Moreover, the total phenolic and ascorbic acid content of Shiikuwasha juice positively influenced its antioxidant activity. CONCLUSION Each fruit cultivation line had a distinct food composition, taste characteristic, and aroma profile. Peeling in Shiikuwasha juice production might reduce aftertaste, and thus might improve its palatability. Comprehensive information on the effect of cultivation line and peeling on quality attributes will be useful for Shiikuwasha juice production, and can be applied to juice production of similar small citrus fruits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonathan Asikin
- United Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kagoshima University, 1-21-24 Korimoto, Kagoshima, 890-0065, Japan
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Wu GA, Prochnik S, Jenkins J, Salse J, Hellsten U, Murat F, Perrier X, Ruiz M, Scalabrin S, Terol J, Takita MA, Labadie K, Poulain J, Couloux A, Jabbari K, Cattonaro F, Del Fabbro C, Pinosio S, Zuccolo A, Chapman J, Grimwood J, Tadeo FR, Estornell LH, Muñoz-Sanz JV, Ibanez V, Herrero-Ortega A, Aleza P, Pérez-Pérez J, Ramón D, Brunel D, Luro F, Chen C, Farmerie WG, Desany B, Kodira C, Mohiuddin M, Harkins T, Fredrikson K, Burns P, Lomsadze A, Borodovsky M, Reforgiato G, Freitas-Astúa J, Quetier F, Navarro L, Roose M, Wincker P, Schmutz J, Morgante M, Machado MA, Talon M, Jaillon O, Ollitrault P, Gmitter F, Rokhsar D. Sequencing of diverse mandarin, pummelo and orange genomes reveals complex history of admixture during citrus domestication. Nat Biotechnol 2014; 32:656-62. [PMID: 24908277 PMCID: PMC4113729 DOI: 10.1038/nbt.2906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 320] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2013] [Accepted: 04/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Cultivated citrus are selections from, or hybrids of, wild progenitor species whose identities and contributions to citrus domestication remain controversial. Here we sequence and compare citrus genomes--a high-quality reference haploid clementine genome and mandarin, pummelo, sweet-orange and sour-orange genomes--and show that cultivated types derive from two progenitor species. Although cultivated pummelos represent selections from one progenitor species, Citrus maxima, cultivated mandarins are introgressions of C. maxima into the ancestral mandarin species Citrus reticulata. The most widely cultivated citrus, sweet orange, is the offspring of previously admixed individuals, but sour orange is an F1 hybrid of pure C. maxima and C. reticulata parents, thus implying that wild mandarins were part of the early breeding germplasm. A Chinese wild 'mandarin' diverges substantially from C. reticulata, thus suggesting the possibility of other unrecognized wild citrus species. Understanding citrus phylogeny through genome analysis clarifies taxonomic relationships and facilitates sequence-directed genetic improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- G. Albert Wu
- US-Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Walnut Creek, CA, USA
| | - Simon Prochnik
- US-Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Walnut Creek, CA, USA
| | - Jerry Jenkins
- HudsonAlpha Biotechnology Institute, Huntsville, AL, USA
| | - Jerome Salse
- INRA/UBP UMR 1095 GDEC, Clermont Ferrand, France
| | - Uffe Hellsten
- US-Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Walnut Creek, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Javier Terol
- Centro de Genomica, Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias (IVIA), Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Karine Labadie
- Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique (CEA), Institut de Génomique (IG), Genoscope, Evry, France
| | - Julie Poulain
- Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique (CEA), Institut de Génomique (IG), Genoscope, Evry, France
| | - Arnaud Couloux
- Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique (CEA), Institut de Génomique (IG), Genoscope, Evry, France
| | - Kamel Jabbari
- Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique (CEA), Institut de Génomique (IG), Genoscope, Evry, France
| | | | | | | | - Andrea Zuccolo
- Istituto di Genomica Applicata, Udine, Italy
- Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy
| | - Jarrod Chapman
- US-Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Walnut Creek, CA, USA
| | - Jane Grimwood
- HudsonAlpha Biotechnology Institute, Huntsville, AL, USA
| | - Francisco R. Tadeo
- Centro de Genomica, Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias (IVIA), Valencia, Spain
| | - Leandro H. Estornell
- Centro de Genomica, Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias (IVIA), Valencia, Spain
| | - Juan V. Muñoz-Sanz
- Centro de Genomica, Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias (IVIA), Valencia, Spain
| | - Victoria Ibanez
- Centro de Genomica, Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias (IVIA), Valencia, Spain
| | - Amparo Herrero-Ortega
- Centro de Genomica, Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias (IVIA), Valencia, Spain
| | - Pablo Aleza
- Centro de Protección Vegetal y Biotecnología-IVIA, Moncada, Valencia, Spain
| | | | | | - Dominique Brunel
- Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique (CEA), Institut de Génomique (IG), Genoscope, Evry, France
- INRA, US EPGV_1279, Evry, France
| | | | - Chunxian Chen
- Citrus Research and Education Center (CREC), Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences (IFAS), University of Florida, Lake Alfred, FL, USA
| | - William G. Farmerie
- Interdisciplinary Center for Biotechnology Research, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Brian Desany
- 454 Life Sciences, A Roche Company, 15 Commercial Street, Branford CT, USA
| | - Chinnappa Kodira
- 454 Life Sciences, A Roche Company, 15 Commercial Street, Branford CT, USA
| | - Mohammed Mohiuddin
- 454 Life Sciences, A Roche Company, 15 Commercial Street, Branford CT, USA
| | - Tim Harkins
- 454 Life Sciences, A Roche Company, 15 Commercial Street, Branford CT, USA
| | - Karin Fredrikson
- 454 Life Sciences, A Roche Company, 15 Commercial Street, Branford CT, USA
| | - Paul Burns
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
- School of Computational Science & Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Alexandre Lomsadze
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
- School of Computational Science & Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Mark Borodovsky
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
- School of Computational Science & Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Biological and Medical Physics, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region, Russia
| | - Giuseppe Reforgiato
- Consiglio per la Ricerca e la Sperimentazione in Agricoltura (CRA-ACM), Acireale, Italy
| | - Juliana Freitas-Astúa
- Centro de Citricultura Sylvio Moreira, IAC, Cordeirópolis, SP, Brazil
- Embrapa Cassava and Fruits, Cruz das Almas, BA, Brazil
| | - Francis Quetier
- Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique (CEA), Institut de Génomique (IG), Genoscope, Evry, France
- Département de Biologie, Université d’Evry, Evry, France
| | - Luis Navarro
- Centro de Protección Vegetal y Biotecnología-IVIA, Moncada, Valencia, Spain
| | - Mikeal Roose
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Patrick Wincker
- Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique (CEA), Institut de Génomique (IG), Genoscope, Evry, France
- Département de Biologie, Université d’Evry, Evry, France
- Centre National de Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Evry, France
| | - Jeremy Schmutz
- HudsonAlpha Biotechnology Institute, Huntsville, AL, USA
| | - Michele Morgante
- Istituto di Genomica Applicata, Udine, Italy
- Department of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | | | - Manuel Talon
- Centro de Genomica, Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias (IVIA), Valencia, Spain
| | - Olivier Jaillon
- Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique (CEA), Institut de Génomique (IG), Genoscope, Evry, France
- Département de Biologie, Université d’Evry, Evry, France
- Centre National de Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Evry, France
| | | | - Frederick Gmitter
- Citrus Research and Education Center (CREC), Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences (IFAS), University of Florida, Lake Alfred, FL, USA
| | - Daniel Rokhsar
- US-Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Walnut Creek, CA, USA
- Division of Genetics, Genomics, and Development, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
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Goldenberg L, Yaniv Y, Kaplunov T, Doron-Faigenboim A, Porat R, Carmi N. Genetic diversity among mandarins in fruit-quality traits. J Agric Food Chem 2014; 62:4938-4946. [PMID: 24828369 DOI: 10.1021/jf5002414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
A detailed phenotypic analysis of fruit-quality traits was conducted among 46 mandarin varieties within the Israeli Citrus breeding collection, belonging to genetically different natural subgroups, including common mandarin (C. reticulata Blanco), clementine (C. clementina Hort. ex. Tan), satsuma (C. unshiu Marcovitch), Mediterranean mandarin (C. deliciosa Tenore), King mandarin (C. nobilis Loureiro), and mandarin hybrids, such as tangor (C. reticulata × C. sinensis) and tangelo (C. reticulata × C. paradisi). Evaluated qualities included physical attributes (size, shape, color, peel thickness, and seed number); physiological properties (ripening period, peelability, and segmentation); nutritional and biochemical composition (vitamin C, phenol, flavonoid, and carotenoid contents and total antioxidant activity); and sensory attributes (total soluble solids and acid levels, flavor preference, sweetness, sourness, and fruitiness). The results indicated wide genetic variability in fruit-quality traits among mandarin varieties and natural subgroups, and statistical and hierarchical clustering analysis revealed multiple correlations among attributes. Such phenomic analysis is an obligatory requirement for identification of molecular markers for distinct fruit-quality traits and for selection of appropriate parents for future breeding programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Livnat Goldenberg
- Department of Postharvest Science of Fresh Produce, ARO, Volcani Center , P.O. Box 6, Bet Dagan 50250, Israel
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Thao NT, Kashiwagi T, Sawamura M. Characterization by GC–MS of Vietnamese Citrus Species and Hybrids Based on the Isotope Ratio of Monoterpene Hydrocarbons. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2014; 71:2155-61. [PMID: 17827704 DOI: 10.1271/bbb.70069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The isotope ratio of monoterpene hydrocarbons was used to characterize the citrus essential oils from different species and hybrids. Citrus cold-pressed peel oils from Vietnam were analyzed for the composition and isotope ratio of monoterpene hydrocarbons by using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. A profile of citrus essential oils on the basis of their isotope ratio values and levels of monoterpene hydrocarbons was developed for Vietnamese citrus. The molecular isotope ratios were lower than those calculated from natural abundance of 13C and 2H. In addition, the isotope ratio of the base peaks (m/z 94/93) was significantly different among the citrus essential oils from different species and hybrids. The results would be applicable for the characterization of citrus essential oils from different origins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen Thi Thao
- Department of Bioresouces Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Kochi University, B-200 Monobe, Nankoku, Kochi 783-8502, Japan
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Zhou W, Peng LZ, Chun CP, Jiang CL, Ling LL, Wang NQ, Xing F, Huang Y. [Citrus boron nutrient level and its impact factors in the Three Gorges Reservoir region of Chongqing, China]. Ying Yong Sheng Tai Xue Bao 2014; 25:991-996. [PMID: 25011290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
To investigate the level of boron nutrient in citrus and its impact factors, a total of 954 citrus leaf samples and 302 soil samples were collected from representative orchards in the 12 main citrus production counties in the Three Gorges Reservoir region of Chongqing to determine the boron content in citrus leaves, as well as the relationships between leaf boron content with soil available boron content, soil pH value, cultivar, rootstock and the age of tree. Results indicated that the leaf samples from 41.6% orchards (< 35 mg x kg(-1)) and the soil samples from 89.4% orchards (< 0.5 mg x kg(-1)) were boron insufficient. The correlation of leaf boron content and soil available boron content was not significant. The soil pH, cultivar, rootstock and the age of tree did affect the leaf boron content. The leaves from the orchards with soil pH of 4.5-6.4 demonstrated significantly higher boron contents than with the soil pH of 6.5-8.5. The leaf boron contents in the different cultivars was ranged as Satsuma mandarin > pomelo > valencia orange > sweet orange > tangor > navel orange. The citrus on trifoliate orange and sour pomelo rootstocks had significantly higher leaf boron contents than on Carrizo citrange and red tangerine rootstocks. Compared with the adult citrus trees (above 8 year-old), 6.6% more of leaf samples of younger trees (3 to 8 year-old) contained boron contents in the optimum range (35-100 mg x kg(-1)).
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