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Sallemi C, Bodini FC, Rosella F, Galvagni G, Morena T, Peroni A. Microwave Ablation to Treat a Urinary Fistula after Robot-Assisted Radical Nephrectomy of a Horseshoe Kidney. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2024; 35:931-933. [PMID: 38490363 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvir.2024.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Sallemi
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Fondazione Poliambulanza, Via Bissolati 57, Brescia 25124, Italy.
| | - Flavio Cesare Bodini
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Fondazione Poliambulanza, Via Bissolati 57, Brescia 25124, Italy
| | - Francesco Rosella
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Fondazione Poliambulanza, Via Bissolati 57, Brescia 25124, Italy
| | - Giacomo Galvagni
- Department of Urology, Fondazione Poliambulanza, Via Bissolati 57, Brescia 25124, Italy
| | - Tonino Morena
- Department of Urology, Fondazione Poliambulanza, Via Bissolati 57, Brescia 25124, Italy
| | - Angelo Peroni
- Department of Urology, Fondazione Poliambulanza, Via Bissolati 57, Brescia 25124, Italy
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Bayrak AC, Fadiloglu E, Kayikci U, İdilman İ, Ozcan HN, Deren O. Pancake kidney and jejunal atresia: An uncommon dual anomaly detected prenatally-A case report. J Clin Ultrasound 2024; 52:478-481. [PMID: 38391149 DOI: 10.1002/jcu.23648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Pancake kidney is a renal fusion anomaly with only a few reported prenatal diagnoses. Other structural anomalies beyond the urogenital system may also be associated. This study describes a dual anomaly case detected prenatally, comprising of pancake kidney and jejunal atresia. A postnatal abdominal ultrasound confirmed both kidneys were fused in the midline at the aortic bifurcation level, along with a type 3b jejunal atresia. Based on the available limited evidence about pancake kidney, renal functions appear to remain largely preserved and unaffected as in our case according to 6 months of follow-up. However, further investigation is needed to explore any potential association with chromosomal and structural abnormalities in selected cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayse Cigdem Bayrak
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Erdem Fadiloglu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Umutcan Kayikci
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - İlkay İdilman
- Department of Radiology, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - H Nursun Ozcan
- Department of Radiology, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ozgur Deren
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
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3
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Gong Z, Xia C, Kong W, Yang D. Renal cell carcinoma in horseshoe kidney treated with laparoscopic partial nephrectomy. Asian J Surg 2024; 47:1945-1946. [PMID: 38233275 DOI: 10.1016/j.asjsur.2023.12.165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- ZhiCong Gong
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Chengxin Xia
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Weihao Kong
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China.
| | - Delin Yang
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China.
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Williams Z, Ananthapadmanabhan S, Ranasinghe S, Thangasamy I. Three-dimensional virtual reconstruction guides robot-assisted partial nephrectomy in a horseshoe kidney. BJU Int 2024; 133 Suppl 4:64-67. [PMID: 38178790 DOI: 10.1111/bju.16235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Zoe Williams
- Nepean Hospital, Kingswood, New South Wales, Australia
- Nepean Urology Research Group, Kingswood, New South Wales, Australia
| | | | - Sachinka Ranasinghe
- Nepean Hospital, Kingswood, New South Wales, Australia
- Nepean Urology Research Group, Kingswood, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Isaac Thangasamy
- Nepean Hospital, Kingswood, New South Wales, Australia
- Nepean Urology Research Group, Kingswood, New South Wales, Australia
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Shoji R, Teraishi F, Matsumi Y, Kashima H, Fujiwara T. Robot-assisted laparoscopic surgery for rectal cancer in a patient with a horseshoe kidney: A case report. Asian J Endosc Surg 2024; 17:e13296. [PMID: 38414217 DOI: 10.1111/ases.13296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
A 52-year-old, Japanese man presented to the hospital with a complaint of anal bleeding, and detailed examination resulted in a diagnosis of locally advanced rectal cancer. The patient underwent total neoadjuvant therapy followed by short-course radiation therapy and consolidation chemotherapy, which provided a partial response. After preoperative contrast-enhanced computed tomography showed a horseshoe kidney, robot-assisted, precise, laparoscopic, low anterior resection with D3 dissection and ileostomy construction was performed. The horseshoe renal isthmus was elevated surrounding the inferior mesenteric artery, and the left ureter and seminal vessels ran in front of the kidney. The hypogastric nerve traveled ventral to the horseshoe kidney. With robotic surgery, it was possible to perform more precise surgery while recognizing vascular and nerve anatomy in a rectal cancer patient with a horseshoe kidney due to good three-dimensional visibility and articulated forceps manipulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryohei Shoji
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Fuminori Teraishi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
- Department of Minimally Invasive Therapy Center, Okayama University Hospital, Okayama, Japan
| | - Yuki Matsumi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
- Department of Minimally Invasive Therapy Center, Okayama University Hospital, Okayama, Japan
| | - Hajime Kashima
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Toshiyoshi Fujiwara
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
- Department of Minimally Invasive Therapy Center, Okayama University Hospital, Okayama, Japan
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Ngo XT, El-Achkar A, Dobbs RW, Tiong HY, Chau QT, Tran TT, Van Dinh LQ, Zein M, Le NT, Truong HTT, Tran TS, Thai MS, Nguyen TT. Laparoscopic retroperitoneal heminephrectomy for renal cell carcinoma in horseshoe kidney: a case report and review of the literature. J Med Case Rep 2023; 17:512. [PMID: 38087334 PMCID: PMC10717455 DOI: 10.1186/s13256-023-04274-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In this case report, we demonstrate our technique of a retroperitoneal laparoscopic heminephrectomy for a T1b right hilar tumor in a horseshoe kidney. CASE PRESENTATION A 77-year-old Vietnamese woman presented to the hospital because of right flank pain. On presentation, her serum creatinine was 0.86 mg/dL and glomerular filtration rate was 65.2 mL/minute/1.73 m2. According to her renal scintigraphy, glomerular filtration rates of the right and left moieties were 24.2 and 35.5 mL/minute, respectively. Computed tomography imaging demonstrated a 5.5 × 5.0 cm solid hilar mass with a cT1bN0M0 tumor stage was in the right moiety. After discussion, the patient elected a minimally invasive surgery to treat her malignancy. The patient was placed in a flank position. We used Gaur's balloon technique to create the retroperitoneal working space, and four trocar ports were planned for operation. Three arteries were dissected, including two arteries feeding the right moiety, one artery feeding the isthmus, and one vein, which was clipped and divided by Hem-o-lok. The isthmusectomy was performed with an Endostapler. Consequently, the ureter was clipped and divided. Finally, the whole right segment of the horseshoe kidney was mobilized and taken out via the flank incision. RESULTS The total operative time was 250 min with an estimated blood loss of 200 mL. The patient's serum creatinine after surgery was 1.08 mg/dL, and glomerular filtration rate was 49.47 mL/minute/1.73 m2. The patient was discharged on postoperative day #4 without complication. Final pathologic examination of the tumor specimen revealed a Fuhrman grade II clear cell renal cell carcinoma, capsular invasion, with negative surgical margins. After a three-month follow-up, the serum creatinine was 0.95 mg/dL, and glomerular filtration rate was 57.7 mL/minute/1.73 m2. Local recurrence or metastasis was not detected by follow-up computed tomography imaging. CONCLUSIONS Retroperitoneal laparoscopic heminephrectomy is a safe and feasible technique for patients with renal cell carcinoma in a horseshoe kidney and may be particularly useful in low income settings without access to robotic technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Thai Ngo
- University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Cho Ray Hospital, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | | | - Ryan W Dobbs
- Cook County Health and Hospitals System, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ho Yee Tiong
- National University Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | | | | | - Marwan Zein
- American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | | | | | | | - Minh Sam Thai
- University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Cho Ray Hospital, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Tuan Thanh Nguyen
- University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
- Cho Ray Hospital, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
- University of California Irvine, Irvine, USA.
- Department of Urology, UC Irvine Health, 3800 W Chapman Ave, Suite 7200, Orange, CA, 92868, USA.
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Sheahan KP, Thomson B. Laterality Error of Retrograde Ureteric Stent Placement in a Horseshoe Kidney. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2023; 34:2263-2264. [PMID: 37652300 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvir.2023.08.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin P Sheahan
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Guys and St. Thomas NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom.
| | - Ben Thomson
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Guys and St. Thomas NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
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Han X, Han M, Li J. The annual-ring sign of calculus in the setting of horseshoe kidney. Am J Med Sci 2023; 366:e71. [PMID: 37295557 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjms.2023.04.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Han
- School of Medical Imaging, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Mingxing Han
- School of Medical Imaging, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Radiology, Yantai Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong, China.
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Slinkard PT, Anson A, Specchi S, Frau Tascon M, Muñiz-Moris L, Penninck D, Ondreka NE. Imaging features of renal ectopia and fusion in 13 cats. J Feline Med Surg 2023; 25:1098612X231196810. [PMID: 37791875 PMCID: PMC10812021 DOI: 10.1177/1098612x231196810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
CASE SERIES SUMMARY A retrospective multicenter case series of renal fusion anomalies in cats was investigated. The aim of this study was to describe the imaging characteristics (radiography, ultrasonography and CT) of renal ectopia and fusion in cats. A total of 13 feline patients (median age 9 years) were included in this multicentric retrospective study. Ultrasound was available in 12/13 cases, radiographs in 4/13 cases and CT in 3/13 cases. Of the 13 cases, seven were left to right fusions, four were right to left fusions, one was on the midline and one was in the pelvic inlet. Adopting a human classification system, there were five lump kidneys, four disc kidneys, one horseshoe kidney, one caudal ectopia, one L-shaped kidney and one pelvic kidney. In 2/13 cases, additional congenital malformations were noted, including an azygous continuation of the caudal vena cava and a peritoneal-pericardial diaphragmatic hernia. RELEVANCE AND NOVEL INFORMATION This study provides further description of the imaging findings in feline patients with fused renal ectopia. The morphologic characteristics of the fused kidneys in cats appear similar to what is published in the human literature. Renal fusion might be an incidental finding in cats, but further investigations are necessary to determine their clinical relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Powell T Slinkard
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine at Tufts University, North Grafton, MA, USA
| | - Augstina Anson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine at Tufts University, North Grafton, MA, USA
| | - Swan Specchi
- Ospedale Veterinario I Portoni Rossi Anicura Italy, Bologna, Italy
| | - Maria Frau Tascon
- Fundació Hospital Clinic Veterinari, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Dominique Penninck
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine at Tufts University, North Grafton, MA, USA
| | - Nele Eley Ondreka
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Small Animal Clinic-Surgery, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany
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Wu X, Du G, Liu Z, Wu R, Liu W. Bilateral Wilms tumor in a patient with a horseshoe and duplex kidney: A case report. J Cancer Res Ther 2023; 19:1061-1063. [PMID: 37675737 DOI: 10.4103/jcrt.jcrt_415_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
The occurrence of horseshoe kidney with duplex urinary collecting systems is rare. Herein, we report a case of bilateral Wilms tumor (BWT) in a patient with a concurrent horseshoe kidney and left duplex kidney, which had not been previously reported. The patient was treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy, followed by surgical resection and adjuvant chemotherapy. The tumor recurred 6 months postoperatively. A second resection was performed, followed by the administration of chemotherapy and radiotherapy. The patient passed away 15 months after the initial diagnosis of BWT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuemin Wu
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Guoqiang Du
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Zhaoquan Liu
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Rongde Wu
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, P.R. China
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Corrales M, Sierra A. Retrograde intrarenal surgery for stones associated with renal anomalies: caliceal diverticulum, horseshoe kidney, medullary sponge kidney, megacalycosis, pelvic kidney, uretero-pelvic junction obstruction. Curr Opin Urol 2023; 33:318-323. [PMID: 37014757 DOI: 10.1097/mou.0000000000001093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Nowadays, due to the increase of imaging diagnosis, we identify easily renal anomalies, and we can choose between a wide range of armamentarium to treat symptomatic stones in those challenging cases. However, there is a lack of evidence and consensus on its use. The aim of this narrative review is to collect all the available data about safety and efficacity of retrograde intrarenal surgery (RIRS) in the treatment of kidney stones associated to a renal anomaly. RECENT FINDINGS Renal anomalies are uncommon findings and even more if it has to be associated with renal stones. After a literature review of the past 2 years, there are a small number of studies that compare the outcomes in patients who have been treated with minimally invasive modalities and they are mainly focus on RIRS. SUMMARY It is of extreme importance to know the advances on the stone treatment in anomalous kidneys. With the development of new laser technologies, RIRS is becoming a more interesting technique with high success rate and safety. Further studies are needed to make an accurate statement about the adequate surgical technique for each renal anomaly and also, clinical trials using new laser technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariela Corrales
- Sorbonne University GRC Urolithiasis no. 20 Tenon Hospital Sorbonne University, Department of Urology AP-HP, Tenon Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Alba Sierra
- Department of Urology, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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Gembillo G, Bellinghieri G, Savica V, Santoro D. Horseshoe Kidney: 500 Years From the First Report in the Literature. EXP CLIN TRANSPLANT 2023; 21:49-52. [PMID: 37496344 DOI: 10.6002/ect.iahncongress.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
Horseshoe kidney or ren arcuatus is the most common renal fusion anomaly, with an incidence of 1:500 in the normal population and a male predominance of 2:1. In >90% of cases, the fusion occurs along the inferior pole. It may vary in location, orientation, and arterial and venous anatomy. In 1522, Berengario da Carpi described this renal malformation for the first time in his masterpiece "Isagogae breves" (Introduction to Anatomy). He reported the results of a postmortem examination in the public autopsy room of the University of Bologna, describing "kidneys that are continuous as if they were a kidney, with two emulsifying veins, two emulsifying arteries, two ureteral outlets." In 1564, Leonardo Botallo described and illustrated the features of this atypical anatomical representation, and later, in 1602, Leonard Doldius added further details by examining this anatomical feature during an autopsy. In 1761, Giovanni Battista Morgagni discussed this condition not only as a rare anatomical curiosity found only in necroscopy but also discussed its physiological aspect. In the nineteenth century, with the advent of renal surgery, the horseshoe kidney played a more important role in urological diagnosis and treatment, and its identification became more frequent. With the advent of pyelography, imaging reports of the horseshoe kidney allowed a more accurate representation of the anatomical variants, which was particularly useful in preoperative assessment and outcomes. Berengario da Carpi laid the foundation for a better knowledge of this anatomical anomaly. Five hundred years after the first report in the literature, relevant advances have been made in the management of complications associated with horseshoe kidney and in diagnosis, confirming the need to monitor individuals with this condition who are at higher risk of developing chronic kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guido Gembillo
- From the Unit of Nephrology and Dialysis, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
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Yamashi S, Okamoto K, Kan M, Mouri S, Soumiya K, Seto D, Atagi Y, Nakanishi S, Yanagihara Y, Ninomiya I, Fujikata S, Ohoka H. [LAPAROSCOPIC LIVE DONOR NEPHRECTOMY WITH HORSESHOE KIDNEY: A CASE REPORT]. Nihon Hinyokika Gakkai Zasshi 2023; 114:21-25. [PMID: 38246622 DOI: 10.5980/jpnjurol.114.21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
We performed laparoscopic live donor nephrectomy (LDN) on approximately 200 patients in Ehime Prefectural Center Hospital between 2003 and 2016. In 2016, a fifty-something woman who was a donor candidate for her husband was revealed to have a horseshoe kidney through contrast-enhanced computed tomography; other LDN procedures used a retroperitoneal approach, but this one used a transperitoneal approach since the latter approach allowed for a more favorable visual field. The left kidney was selected since renal scintigraphy showed equal bilateral renal function and renal arteries are simpler on the left side. The kidney was removed after the isthmus was successfully transected without ischemia. The opened calyx in the left kidney was sutured via bench surgery, and the kidney was transplanted to the recipient. Postoperative courses of both donor and recipient were good.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadamu Yamashi
- The Department of Urology, Ehime Prefectural Central Hospital
| | - Kenjiro Okamoto
- The Department of Urology, Ehime Prefectural Central Hospital
| | - Masaharu Kan
- The Department of Urology, Ehime Prefectural Central Hospital
| | - Shinsuke Mouri
- The Department of Urology, Ehime Prefectural Central Hospital
| | - Kai Soumiya
- The Department of Urology, Ehime Prefectural Central Hospital
| | - Daisuke Seto
- The Department of Urology, Ehime Prefectural Central Hospital
| | - Yuichiro Atagi
- The Department of Urology, Ehime Prefectural Central Hospital
| | | | | | - Iku Ninomiya
- The Department of Urology, Ehime Prefectural Central Hospital
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Inanloo SH, Yahyazadeh SR, Ramezani-Binabaj M. Percutaneous nephrolithotomy in horseshoe kidney: comparing ultrasound-guided access in flank position with conventional fluoroscopic-guided in prone position. Urolithiasis 2022; 50:773-778. [PMID: 36241851 DOI: 10.1007/s00240-022-01368-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
We conducted this study to compare radiation-free US-guided percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PNL) in the flank position with conventional PNL in the prone position for the treatment of renal stones in patients with horseshoe kidneys. In a retrospective study, 14 HSK patients that were treated with conventional fluoroscopy-guided PNL in the prone position (group A) were compared with twenty-four HSK patients that were treated US-guided PNL in the flank position (group B). Data on baseline characteristics, percentage of successful entries, stone-free rate, duration of admission and complication rate were obtained from data registry. The average duration of the operation was 57.6 min in group B, which was statistically less than group A with 65.9 min (P = 0.001). Access time varied from 10 to 32.4 min (mean = 17.1 min) in group A and 5-29.5 min (mean = 10.9 min) in group B (P < 0.001). Access length had a significant relation to the surgery method so PNL with US-guided had less access length (P = 0.002). There was no significant relationship between the surgery guide and the residual stone rate (P = 0.6). Hemoglobin decrease (P = 0.5), hospitalization duration (P = 0.5) and need for blood transfusion (P value = 0.6) were not statistically different between the two groups. PNL with US guidance in flank position is a safe and effective technique in HSK patients and is associated with fewer complications than the traditional approach as well as reduced operating time, radiation exposure, and its complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Hassan Inanloo
- Department of Urology, Uro-Oncology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Reza Yahyazadeh
- Department of Urology, Shariati Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, North Karegar Street, District 6, Tehran, 1411713135, Iran.
| | - Mahdi Ramezani-Binabaj
- Department of Urology, Shariati Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, North Karegar Street, District 6, Tehran, 1411713135, Iran.
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15
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Ozen A, Civelek I, Yigit G, Iscan HZ. Horseshoe Kidney in a Patient with Leriche Syndrome. J Coll Physicians Surg Pak 2022; 32:S41-S43. [PMID: 35633008 DOI: 10.29271/jcpsp.2022.supp1.s41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Horseshoe kidney (HSK) is one of the most common congenital renal fusion anomalies. Difficulties are encountered during surgery of aortic diseases associated with this anomaly. A 47-year male presented to the Outpatient Clinic with one-year history of intermittent claudication in 20 meters. He was diagnosed with Leriche syndrome and horseshoe kidney (HSK). The patient underwent aorto-bifemoral bypass surgery via transperitoneal approach. The proximal anastomosis was completed in an end-to-side fashion. The bifurcated graft was positioned posteriorly to the isthmus; and distal anastomoses were performed onto the common femoral arteries. He was discharged from the hospital on the eighth postoperative day without any complications. Key Words: Abdominal aorta, Surgery, Horseshoe kidney, Leriche syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anil Ozen
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Ankara City Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Isa Civelek
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Ankara City Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Gorkem Yigit
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Ankara City Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Hakki Zafer Iscan
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Ankara City Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
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16
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Pradhan P, Dey B, Radhakrishna V, Siddaraju N, Barwad AW. Wilms tumor in horseshoe kidney in case of WAGR syndrome with multiple congenital anomalies: A cytologic diagnosis. INDIAN J PATHOL MICR 2022; 65:230-232. [PMID: 35075010 DOI: 10.4103/ijpm.ijpm_127_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Prita Pradhan
- Department of Pathology, Jawaharlal Institute of Post graduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry; Department of Pathology, Kalinga Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Biswajit Dey
- Department of Pathology, Jawaharlal Institute of Post graduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry, India; Department of Pathology, North Eastern Indira Gandhi Regional Institute of Health and Medical Sciences, Mawdiangdiang, Shillong, Meghalaya
| | - Veerabhadra Radhakrishna
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Jawaharlal Institute of Post graduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry; Department of Pediatric Surgery, Manipal Hospital, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Neelaiah Siddaraju
- Department of Pathology, Jawaharlal Institute of Post graduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry, India
| | - Adarsh Waman Barwad
- Department of Pathology, Jawaharlal Institute of Post graduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry; Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, India
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Kubihal V, Razik A, Sharma S, Das CJ. Unveiling the confusion in renal fusion anomalies: role of imaging. Abdom Radiol (NY) 2021; 46:4254-4265. [PMID: 33811515 DOI: 10.1007/s00261-021-03072-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Renal fusion anomalies are common congenital anomalies of the urogenital tract and have their genesis in the early embryonic period. They are classified into partial fusion anomalies (e.g., crossed fused ectopia, and horseshoe kidney) and complete fusion anomalies (e.g., fused pelvic kidney). Horseshoe kidney is the most common renal fusion anomaly and is characterized by the presence of two distinct functioning kidneys on either side of the vertebral column, with fusion occurring at the inferior poles in majority of the cases. Crossed fused ectopia is characterized by the presence of an ectopic kidney that crosses the midline and fuses with the orthotopic contralateral kidney, whereas fused pelvic (pancake) kidney is a complete fusion anomaly characterized by extensive medial fusion of both kidneys in the pelvis. Fusion anomalies are often associated with abnormalities of renal rotation, migration, and vascular supply, which predispose the kidneys to a number of complications and create difficulty during retroperitoneal surgeries and interventions. They are also associated with other congenital abnormalities of the urogenital tract, gastrointestinal tract, cardiovascular system, and skeletal system. Hence, a thorough understanding of the etiopathogenesis and radiological features of fusion anomalies is important for directing patient management. This review summarizes the embryological basis, clinical presentation and imaging approach to renal fusion anomalies, followed by detailed anatomical and radiological description of the morphological types, and the complications associated with these anomalies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijay Kubihal
- Department of Radiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Abdul Razik
- Department of Radiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Sanjay Sharma
- Department of Radiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Chandan J Das
- Department of Radiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, 110029, India.
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18
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Abstract
Upper tract urothelial carcinoma represents a small proportion (5%-10%) of all urothelial cancers. Although there are several management options, in undifferentiated or high-risk cases, surgery in the form of nephroureterectomy is the gold standard. Horseshoe kidney is the most common congenital renal fusion anomaly affecting 1 in 400-600 patients. We present the case of a smoker in her mid-50s with an incidental finding of a papillary lesion in the right renal pelvis of her horseshoe kidney on CT scan. She went on to have endoscopic assessment confirming no other foci of disease. She was definitively managed with a robotic nephroureterectomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward Ramez Latif
- Urology, East Kent Hospitals University NHS Foundation Trust, Canterbury, UK
| | - Issam Ahmed
- Urology, East Kent Hospitals University NHS Foundation Trust, Canterbury, UK
| | - Milan Thomas
- Urology, East Kent Hospitals University NHS Foundation Trust, Canterbury, UK
| | - Ben Eddy
- Urology, East Kent Hospitals University NHS Foundation Trust, Canterbury, UK
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19
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Pineda-Murillo J, Arellano-Cuadros JR, Torres-Aguilar J, Viveros-Contreras C, Sánchez-Bermeo AF, Pineda-Murillo EG, Hernández-León O. Lithiasis in a horseshoe kidney. ARCH ESP UROL 2021; 74:543-544. [PMID: 34080577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
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20
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Manandhar S, Khanal A. Fused Right Supernumerary Kidney: A Case Report. JNMA J Nepal Med Assoc 2019. [PMID: 32329470 PMCID: PMC7580449 DOI: 10.31729/jnma.4563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Supernumerary kidney is a rare clinical entity with fused supernumerary kidney being even rarer. Caudally located fused right supernumerary kidney with multiple nephrolithiasis was diagnosed in a 69-years-old lady by Computed Tomography Urography. A separate renal artery arising from the abdominal aorta as well as separate renal vein draining into the inferior vena cava was present along with right sided bifid collecting system. Embryological basis of origin of supernumerary kidney, its diagnosis, clinical significance and management are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sagun Manandhar
- Department of Radiology and Imaging, Patan Academy of Health Sciences, Lalitpur, Nepal
- Correspondence: Dr. Sagun Manandhar, Department of Radiology and Imaging, Patan Academy of Health Sciences, Lalitpur, Nepal. , Phone: +977-9841175082
| | - Ashish Khanal
- Department of Radiology and Imaging, Patan Academy of Health Sciences, Lalitpur, Nepal
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21
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Lomoro P, Simonetti I, Vinci G, Fichera V, Prevedoni Gorone MS. Pancake kidney, a rare and often misdiagnosed malformation: a case report and radiological differential diagnosis. J Ultrasound 2019; 22:207-213. [PMID: 30361920 PMCID: PMC6531527 DOI: 10.1007/s40477-018-0331-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Renal ectopia and fusion anomalies are Congenital Anomalies of the Kidney and the Urinary Tract (CAKUT) that are usually incidentally detected and asymptomatic. Patients affected present a higher risk of complications like recurrent urinary tract infections or obstruction. Pancake kidney (PK) is one of the rarest types of renal anomaly with complete fusion of the superior, mild and inferior poles of both kidneys in the pelvic cavity. Each kidney has its own excretory system with two ureters that do not cross the midline. In the asymptomatic cases, a conservative approach should be performed. Surgical management may be needed when urological problems occur. PK is often associated with congenital anomalies of other organs. Ultrasound is the first line radiological examination for the diagnosis and the follow-up of kidney malformations. The main sonographic findings suggesting PK diagnosis are a large and lobulated renal mass consisting of two fused lateral lobes without an intervening septum located in the pelvic cavity. Each lobe usually has a separate pelvicalyceal system, the renal pelvis is anteriorly placed and the ureters are usually short and enter the bladder normally without crosses the midline. Ultrasonography gives useful information on the morphology and volume of the organ, and on its vascularization through the use of the Color- and Power-Doppler. Computer Tomography and Magnetic Resonance Urography are second level techniques used to confirm the diagnosis and to evaluate the presence of other abnormalities. The knowledge of the imaging findings and the anatomy of congenital renal malformations is important to avoid diagnostic pitfalls and misinterpretations. We report the case of a 14-years old female with PK who was misdiagnosed with a horseshoe kidney (HSK) during an abdominal ultrasound.
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Affiliation(s)
- P. Lomoro
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine, Institute of Radiology IRCCS San Matteo University Hospital Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - I. Simonetti
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - G. Vinci
- Department of Nephrology, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
| | - V. Fichera
- Department of Pediatrics, Anna Meyer Children’s University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - M. S. Prevedoni Gorone
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology and Neuroradiology of IRCCS, San Matteo University Hospital Foundation, Pavia, Italy
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22
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Roider L, Abdelaziz A, Gaballah AH. CHARGE Syndrome with High Bifurcation of the Abdominal Aorta and a Horseshoe Kidney: A Case Report. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2018; 29:1288-1290.e1. [PMID: 30146198 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvir.2018.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Revised: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Roider
- School of Medicine, University Hospital, One Hospital Drive, Columbia, MO 65212
| | - Amr Abdelaziz
- Division of Radiology, University Hospital, One Hospital Drive, Columbia, MO 65212
| | - Ayman H Gaballah
- Division of Radiology, University Hospital, One Hospital Drive, Columbia, MO 65212; Division of Body Imaging, University Hospital, One Hospital Drive, Columbia, MO 65212
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Butler-Peres K, Scalea JR. Horseshoe kidney in a deceased organ donor: a rare glimpse at an uncommon finding. Lancet 2018; 391:2028. [PMID: 29864019 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(18)30759-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Revised: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kamilia Butler-Peres
- Division of Transplantation and Department of Surgery, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MA, USA
| | - Joseph R Scalea
- Division of Transplantation and Department of Surgery, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MA, USA.
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Bozdogan E, Demir M, Konukoglu O, Karakas E. Reverse U-shaped horseshoe kidney accompanied by gibbus deformity and spina bifida. Jpn J Radiol 2016; 34:448-50. [PMID: 27114084 DOI: 10.1007/s11604-016-0536-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2015] [Accepted: 03/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Horseshoe kidney (HSK) is the most common fusion anomaly of kidneys. Diagnosis of horseshoe kidneys is made by the demonstration of an isthmus or band of renal tissue between the lower poles of the kidneys. Connection between the upper poles of the kidneys is extremely rare. Several types of skeletal anomalies can be seen concomitantly with HSK. In our present case, where the patient was a 3-year-old male, the connection of renal tissue was located between the upper poles of the kidneys. Furthermore, there was an accompanying spina bifida and Gibbus deformity secondary to anterior hypoplasia of the T10 vertebral body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erol Bozdogan
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Harran University, Yenisehir Campus, 63300, Şanlıurfa, Turkey.
| | - Mahmut Demir
- Department of Pediatry, Faculty of Medicine, Harran University, Şanlıurfa, Turkey
| | - Osman Konukoglu
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Harran University, Yenisehir Campus, 63300, Şanlıurfa, Turkey
| | - Ekrem Karakas
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Harran University, Yenisehir Campus, 63300, Şanlıurfa, Turkey
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE Our aim was to report the importance of an awareness of renal artery variations if surgical procedures are indicated in this region. Presentation and Intervention: A 41-year-old female patient was admitted to our hospital for preoperative staging of the rectum carcinoma. A computed tomography (CT) scan clearly revealed the presence of normally positioned small right and left renal arteries, and a large aberrant renal artery originating from the distal abdominal aorta in a case with a horseshoe kidney (HSK). A multidetector CT angiography was performed using a 256-detector row CT scanner to obtain an image of vascular structures and associated pathologies. CONCLUSION In this patient with HSK, the left renal vein compression was unusual and the CT examination provided a good delineation of vascular and urinary tract anomalies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bulent Guvendi
- Department of General Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Kafkas University, Kars, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Hayri Ogul
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
- *Hayri Ogul, MD, Kazìm Karabekir Mah. Terminal Cad., Site Polat Apt. B Blok, Kat 1, No. 2, TR—25240 Erzurum (Turkey), E-Mail
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle D Sakala
- Department of Radiology, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Medical Center Blvd., Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA.
| | - Raymond B Dyer
- Department of Radiology, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Medical Center Blvd., Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
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Jain TK, Basher RK, Mittal BR, Bhatia A, Rao KLN. Follow-up (99m)Tc EC renal dynamic scintigraphy and DMSA-III SPECT/CT in unmasking a masqueraded case of Horseshoe kidney. Rev Esp Med Nucl Imagen Mol 2015; 34:387-9. [PMID: 26139030 DOI: 10.1016/j.remn.2015.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2015] [Revised: 05/13/2015] [Accepted: 05/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Hydronephrosis is a common finding in urinary tract outflow obstruction. Chronically obstructed hydronephrotic system may be associated with parenchymal changes. Ultrasound, intravenous urography, micturating cysto-urethrogram and scintigraphy are commonly performed to evaluate the cause of obstruction. In childhood, pelviureteric junction obstruction is a common cause of the hydronephrosis. Hydronephrosis can also be present in horseshoe kidneys due to poor drainage. However, a large sized hydronephrotic cavity may obscure the finding of horseshoe kidney. A case was reported, and it was diagnosed as horseshoe kidney on follow-up renal dynamic scan and confirmed with the help of dimercaptosuccinic acid SPECT/CT.
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Affiliation(s)
- T K Jain
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, PGIMER, Chandigarh, India
| | - R K Basher
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, PGIMER, Chandigarh, India.
| | - B R Mittal
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, PGIMER, Chandigarh, India
| | - A Bhatia
- Department of Radiodiagnosis, PGIMER, Chandigarh, India
| | - K L N Rao
- Department of Paediatric Surgery, PGIMER, Chandigarh, India
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Chibane A, Benatta M, Sallami S, Terki F, Kabdi A, Lebrara H. Neoplasia in horseshoe kidney: A diagnostic and therapeutic dilemma. Tunis Med 2015; 93:332-334. [PMID: 26578057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
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29
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Ichikawa T, Tanno K, Okochi T, Koizumi J, Mori N, Yamada Y, Joishi D, Enkhbaatar N, Terachi T, Nishibe T, Dardik A, Shimura S, Imai Y. Evaluation of Renal Artery Anomalies Associated with Horseshoe Kidney Using CT Angiography. Tokai J Exp Clin Med 2015; 40:16-21. [PMID: 25843445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2014] [Accepted: 02/02/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the incidence of supernumerary renal arteries in horseshoe kidney (HSK) patients, focusing on number and diameters using computed tomographic angiography (CTA). MATERIAL AND METHODS Thirty-nine patients with HSK and 103 patients with normal kidney (NK) underwent 64 or 128 multidetector CT. Based on 2-dimensional CT, including multiplanar reconstruction, maximum intensity projection, and volume-rendered images with a 0.5-mm reconstruction interval on CTA, we assessed the incidence of supernumerary renal arteries, and large ( > 3 mm in diameter) supernumerary renal arteries, and compared the results between the HSK and NK patients using a chi-square test. RESULT The mean number of renal arteries was 3.87 in HSK patients and 2.41 in the NK patients. The incidence rates of supernumerary arteries and supernumerary arteries greater than 3 mm were 92.3 %, 69.2 % in HSK patients and 33%, 8.7% in NK patients. Supernumerary and large supernumerary renal arteries had significantly higher incidence rates in the HSK patients than in the NK patients on CTA (p = 0.003, < 0.001). CONCLUSION Supernumerary and large supernumerary renal arteries were frequently found among the HSK patients on CTA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamaki Ichikawa
- Department of Radiology, Tokai University School of Medicine, 143 Shimokasuya, Isehara, kanagawa 259-1193, Japan. . or
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