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Kinoshita R, Inoue N, Iwatani Y, Noguchi Y, Hidaka Y, Watanabe M. Methylation levels of the IL10 gene in peripheral blood are related to the intractability of Graves' disease. Clin Immunol 2024; 263:110196. [PMID: 38570004 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2024.110196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
The prognosis of autoimmune thyroid diseases (AITDs), including Hashimoto's disease (HD) and Graves' disease (GD), is difficult to predict. DNA methylation regulates gene expression of immune mediating factors. Interleukin (IL)-10 is a Th2 cytokine that downregulates inflammatory cytokines produced by Th1 cells. To clarify the role of methylation of the IL10 gene in the prognosis of AITD, we evaluated the methylation levels of two CpG sites in the IL10 promoter using pyrosequencing. The methylation levels of the -185 CpG site of the IL10 gene were related to age and GD intractability in GD patients. Furthermore, the C carrier of the IL10-592 A/C polymorphism was related to low methylation levels of the -185 CpG site. The methylation levels of the IL10-185 CpG site of the IL10 gene were related to the intractability of GD and were lower in individuals with the C allele of the IL10-592 A/C polymorphism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riku Kinoshita
- Department of Clinical Laboratory and Biomedical Sciences, Division of Health Sciences, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Yamadaoka 1-7 Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Naoya Inoue
- Department of Clinical Laboratory and Biomedical Sciences, Division of Health Sciences, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Yamadaoka 1-7 Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; Laboratory for Clinical Investigation, Osaka University Hospital, Yamadaoka 2-15, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Iwatani
- Department of Clinical Laboratory and Biomedical Sciences, Division of Health Sciences, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Yamadaoka 1-7 Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yusuke Noguchi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory and Biomedical Sciences, Division of Health Sciences, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Yamadaoka 1-7 Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yoh Hidaka
- Laboratory for Clinical Investigation, Osaka University Hospital, Yamadaoka 2-15, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Mikio Watanabe
- Department of Clinical Laboratory and Biomedical Sciences, Division of Health Sciences, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Yamadaoka 1-7 Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
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Yaylacıoğlu Tuncay F, Serbest Ceylanoğlu K, Güntekin Ergün S, Tarlan B, Konuk O. The Role of FOXP3 Polymorphisms in Graves' Disease with or without Ophthalmopathy in a Turkish Population. Turk J Ophthalmol 2024; 54:69-75. [PMID: 38645270 PMCID: PMC11034539 DOI: 10.4274/tjo.galenos.2024.37897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Objectives Forkhead box P3 (FOXP3) gene polymorphisms have been evaluated in many autoimmune diseases, including Graves' disease (GD), in different populations. However, those polymorphisms have not been analyzed in GD or Graves' ophthalmopathy (GO) in the Turkish population. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the frequency of FOXP3 polymorphisms in GD with or without ophthalmopathy in a Turkish population. Materials and Methods The study included 100 patients with GO, 74 patients with GD without ophthalmopathy, and 100 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. In all study participants, rs3761547 (-3499 A/G), rs3761548 (-3279 C/A), and rs3761549 (-2383 C/T) single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were detected using the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism method. The chi-square test was used to evaluate genotype and allele frequencies. Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals were calculated for genotype and allele risks. Results In the patient group (including GD with or without ophthalmopathy), the rs3761548 AC and AA genotype and rs3761549 CT genotype were significantly more frequent than in the control group (all p<0.05). No genotypic and allelic differences were observed for rs3761547 between the patient and control groups (all p>0.05). There was no statistically significant difference between the GO and GD without ophthalmopathy groups concerning the allele and genotype frequencies of all three FOXP3 SNPs (all p>0.05). Conclusion The AC and AA genotypes of rs3761548 (-3279) and CT genotype of rs3761549 (-2383 C/T) were shown to be possible risk factors for GD development in the Turkish population. However, none of the three SNPs was shown to be associated with the development of GO in patients with GD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fulya Yaylacıoğlu Tuncay
- University of Health Sciences Türkiye, Gülhane Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biology, Ankara, Türkiye
| | - Kübra Serbest Ceylanoğlu
- University of Health Sciences Türkiye, Ulucanlar Eye Training and Research Hospital, Clinic of Ophthalmology, Ankara, Türkiye
| | - Sezen Güntekin Ergün
- Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biology, Ankara, Türkiye
| | - Berçin Tarlan
- Gazi University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Ophthalmology, Ankara, Türkiye
| | - Onur Konuk
- Gazi University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Ophthalmology, Ankara, Türkiye
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Qiao Y, Zhao J, Wu J, Cao L, Song G, Mao J. Clinical and genetic analysis of a case of Gitelman syndrome accompanied with Graves disease and adrenocortical adenoma: A case report. Medicine (Baltimore) 2024; 103:e37770. [PMID: 38608089 PMCID: PMC11018201 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000037770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Gitelman syndrome (GS), also known as familial hypokalemia and hypomagnesemia, is a rare autosomal recessive inherited disease caused by primary renal desalinization caused by impaired reabsorption of sodium and chloride ions in the distal renal tubules. We report a case of clinical and genetic characteristics of GS accompanied with Graves disease and adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH)-independent adrenocortical adenoma. PATIENT CONCERNS The patient is a 45 year old female, was admitted to our hospital, due to a left adrenal gland occupying lesion as the chief complaint. DIAGNOSIS The patient was finally diagnosed as GS with Graves disease and adrenocortical adenoma. INTERVENTIONS Potassium magnesium aspartate (1788 mg/d, taken orally 3 times a day (supplement a few times a day, intake method, treatment duration). Contains 217.2 mg of potassium and 70.8 mg of magnesium, and potassium chloride (4.5 g/d, taken orally 3 times a day (supplement a few times a day, intake method, and treatment duration); Potassium 2356 mg), spironolactone (20 mg/d, taken orally once a day (supplement a few times a day, intake method, treatment duration). After 3 months of treatment, the patient's blood potassium fluctuated between 3.3-3.6 mmol/L, and blood magnesium fluctuated between 0.5-0.7 mmol/L, indicating a relief of fatigue symptoms. OUTCOMES On the day 6 of hospitalization, the symptoms of dizziness, limb fatigue, fatigue and pain were completely relieved on patient. In the follow-up of the following year, no recurrence of the condition was found. LESSONS The novel c.1444-10(IVS11)G > A variation may be a splicing mutation. The compound heterozygous mutations of the SLC12A3 gene may be the pathogenic cause of this GS pedigree.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Qiao
- Department of Endocrinology, Nanchong Central Hospital, The Second Clinical College, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Jinghong Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology, Nanchong Central Hospital, The Second Clinical College, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Ji Wu
- Department of Urology, Nanchong Central Hospital, The Second Clinical College, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Lewei Cao
- Department of Endocrinology, Nanchong Central Hospital, The Second Clinical College, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Guiqin Song
- Institute of Basic Medicine and Forensic Medicine, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Jingxin Mao
- Chongqing Medical and Pharmaceutical College, Chongqing, China
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
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Borysewicz-Sańczyk H, Wawrusiewicz-Kurylonek N, Gościk J, Sawicka B, Bossowski F, Corica D, Aversa T, Waśniewska M, Bossowski A. Prevalence of Selected Polymorphisms of Il7R, CD226, CAPSL, and CLEC16A Genes in Children and Adolescents with Autoimmune Thyroid Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4028. [PMID: 38612837 PMCID: PMC11012896 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25074028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2024] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) and Graves' disease (GD) are common autoimmune endocrine disorders in children. Studies indicate that apart from environmental factors, genetic background significantly contributes to the development of these diseases. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of selected single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of Il7R, CD226, CAPSL, and CLEC16A genes in children with autoimmune thyroid diseases. We analyzed SNPs at the locus rs3194051, rs6897932 of IL7R, rs763361 of CD226, rs1010601 of CAPSL, and rs725613 of CLEC16A gene in 56 HT patients, 124 GD patients, and 156 healthy children. We observed significant differences in alleles IL7R (rs6897932) between HT males and the control group (C > T, p = 0.028) and between all GD patients and healthy children (C > T, p = 0.035) as well as GD females and controls (C > T, p = 0.018). Moreover, the C/T genotype was less frequent in GD patients at rs6897932 locus and in HT males at rs1010601 locus. The presence of the T allele in the IL7R (rs6897932) locus appears to have a protective effect against HT in males and GD in all children. Similarly, the presence of the T allele in the CAPSL locus (rs1010601) seems to reduce the risk of HT development in all patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Borysewicz-Sańczyk
- Department of Pediatrics, Endocrinology, Diabetology with Cardiology Divisions, Medical University of Bialystok, J. Waszyngtona 17, 15-274 Bialystok, Poland; (B.S.); (F.B.)
| | - Natalia Wawrusiewicz-Kurylonek
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Medical University of Bialystok, J. Waszyngtona 13, 15-089 Bialystok, Poland;
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, M. Skłodowskiej-Curie 24A, 15-276 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Joanna Gościk
- Faculty of Computer Science, Bialystok University of Technology, Wiejska 45A, 15-351 Bialystok, Poland;
| | - Beata Sawicka
- Department of Pediatrics, Endocrinology, Diabetology with Cardiology Divisions, Medical University of Bialystok, J. Waszyngtona 17, 15-274 Bialystok, Poland; (B.S.); (F.B.)
| | - Filip Bossowski
- Department of Pediatrics, Endocrinology, Diabetology with Cardiology Divisions, Medical University of Bialystok, J. Waszyngtona 17, 15-274 Bialystok, Poland; (B.S.); (F.B.)
| | - Domenico Corica
- Unit of Pediatrics, Department of Human Pathology of Adulthood and Childhood, University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria Cap, 98125 Messina, Italy; (D.C.); (T.A.); (M.W.)
| | - Tommaso Aversa
- Unit of Pediatrics, Department of Human Pathology of Adulthood and Childhood, University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria Cap, 98125 Messina, Italy; (D.C.); (T.A.); (M.W.)
| | - Małgorzata Waśniewska
- Unit of Pediatrics, Department of Human Pathology of Adulthood and Childhood, University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria Cap, 98125 Messina, Italy; (D.C.); (T.A.); (M.W.)
| | - Artur Bossowski
- Department of Pediatrics, Endocrinology, Diabetology with Cardiology Divisions, Medical University of Bialystok, J. Waszyngtona 17, 15-274 Bialystok, Poland; (B.S.); (F.B.)
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Hu C, Yu YF, Tong KK, Hu G, Wu JY, Yang XY, Bai SY, Yu R, Li YY. A Mendelian randomization study of the effect of selenium on autoimmune thyroid disease. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2024; 28:2988-2995. [PMID: 38708455 DOI: 10.26355/eurrev_202404_36011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The impact of selenium on autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD) is a subject of ongoing debate. This study aimed to analyze the causal correlations of selenium with autoimmune thyroiditis (AIT), autoimmune hyperthyroidism (AIH), and Graves' disease (GD) by Mendelian randomization (MR). MATERIALS AND METHODS Single nucleotide polymorphisms related to selenium, AIT, AIH, and GD were sourced from the IEU Open GWAS project and FinnGen. Exposure-outcome causality was assessed using inverse variance weighted, MR-Egger, and weighted median. Horizontal pleiotropy was examined using the MR-Egger intercept, heterogeneity was evaluated with Cochran's Q test, and the robustness of the results was confirmed via leave-one-out sensitivity analysis. RESULTS The MR analysis revealed that selenium did not exhibit a causal relationship with AIT (OR 0.993, 95% CI 0.786 to 1.108, p=0.432), AIH (OR 1.066, 95% CI 0.976 to 1.164, p=0.154), or GD (OR 1.052, 95% CI 0.984 to 1.126, p=0.138). Moreover, the MR-Egger intercept and Cochran's Q test demonstrated the absence of horizontal pleiotropy or heterogeneity in these results (p>0.05). Sensitivity analysis affirmed the robustness of these results. CONCLUSIONS This MR analysis concluded that selenium was not linked to AIT, AIH, or GD risk. Therefore, indiscriminate selenium supplementation is not advisable for AITD patients without concurrent selenium deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Hu
- Department of Chinese Medicine, The Fourth Hospital of Changsha, Changsha, Hunan, China.
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Yao Q, Song Z, Wang B, Du P, Qin Q, Zhao J, Zhang JA. Increased interleukin-9 and Th9 cells in patients with refractory Graves' disease and interleukin-9 polymorphisms are associated with autoimmune thyroid diseases. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1341749. [PMID: 38605942 PMCID: PMC11007129 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1341749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Autoimmune thyroid diseases (AITDs) are prevalent disorders, primarily encompassing Graves' disease (GD) and Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT). Despite their common occurrence, the etiology of AITDs remains elusive. Th9 cells, a new subset of CD4+T cells with immunomodulatory properties, have been linked to the development of various autoimmune diseases. However, research on the role of Th9 cells in AITDs is limited. Methods We investigated the expression of Th9 cells,their functional cytokine IL-9, and transcription factor IRF4 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and plasma of AITD patients and healthy controls. Additionally, we explored the genetic association between four loci polymorphisms (rs31564, rs2069879, rs1859430, and rs2069868) of the IL-9 gene and AITDs. Results We reported, for the first time, that refractory GD patients exhibited elevated mRNA levels of IL-9 and IRF4 in PBMCs, increased IL-9 protein levels in plasma, and a higher proportion of Th9 cells in peripheral blood when compared to normal controls. Furthermore, human recombinant IL-9 protein was found to enhance IFN-g secretion in PBMCs from both GD patients and normal controls. At the genetic association level, after adjusting for age and sex, the rs2069879 polymorphism exhibited a significant association with AITDs under an additive model (P<0.001, OR= 0.05, 95% CI=0.03-0.08). Discussion Our results reveal that Th9 cells may exert a pivotal role in the pathogenesis and progression of refractory GD and HT, and IL-9 holds promise as a novel therapeutic target for the management of AITDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuming Yao
- Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhenyu Song
- Department of Tumor Interventional Oncology, School of Medicine, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Peng Du
- Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiu Qin
- Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Jin-an Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai, China
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Lafontaine N, Shore CJ, Campbell PJ, Mullin BH, Brown SJ, Panicker V, Dudbridge F, Brix TH, Hegedüs L, Wilson SG, Bell JT, Walsh JP. Epigenome-wide Association Study Shows Differential DNA Methylation of MDC1, KLF9, and CUTA in Autoimmune Thyroid Disease. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2024; 109:992-999. [PMID: 37962983 PMCID: PMC10940258 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgad659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD) includes Graves disease (GD) and Hashimoto disease (HD), which often run in the same family. AITD etiology is incompletely understood: Genetic factors may account for up to 75% of phenotypic variance, whereas epigenetic effects (including DNA methylation [DNAm]) may contribute to the remaining variance (eg, why some individuals develop GD and others HD). OBJECTIVE This work aimed to identify differentially methylated positions (DMPs) and differentially methylated regions (DMRs) comparing GD to HD. METHODS Whole-blood DNAm was measured across the genome using the Infinium MethylationEPIC array in 32 Australian patients with GD and 30 with HD (discovery cohort) and 32 Danish patients with GD and 32 with HD (replication cohort). Linear mixed models were used to test for differences in quantile-normalized β values of DNAm between GD and HD and data were later meta-analyzed. Comb-p software was used to identify DMRs. RESULTS We identified epigenome-wide significant differences (P < 9E-8) and replicated (P < .05) 2 DMPs between GD and HD (cg06315208 within MDC1 and cg00049440 within KLF9). We identified and replicated a DMR within CUTA (5 CpGs at 6p21.32). We also identified 64 DMPs and 137 DMRs in the meta-analysis. CONCLUSION Our study reveals differences in DNAm between GD and HD, which may help explain why some people develop GD and others HD and provide a link to environmental risk factors. Additional research is needed to advance understanding of the role of DNAm in AITD and investigate its prognostic and therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Lafontaine
- Department of Endocrinology & Diabetes, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, WA, 6009, Australia
- Medical School, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Christopher J Shore
- Department of Twin Research & Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Purdey J Campbell
- Department of Endocrinology & Diabetes, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Benjamin H Mullin
- Department of Endocrinology & Diabetes, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, WA, 6009, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, 6009, Australia
| | - Suzanne J Brown
- Department of Endocrinology & Diabetes, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Vijay Panicker
- Department of Endocrinology & Diabetes, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, WA, 6009, Australia
- Medical School, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Frank Dudbridge
- Population Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, LE1 7RH, UK
| | - Thomas H Brix
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Odense University Hospital, Odense, 5000, Denmark
| | - Laszlo Hegedüs
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Odense University Hospital, Odense, 5000, Denmark
| | - Scott G Wilson
- Department of Endocrinology & Diabetes, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, WA, 6009, Australia
- Department of Twin Research & Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, SE1 7EH, UK
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, 6009, Australia
| | - Jordana T Bell
- Department of Twin Research & Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, SE1 7EH, UK
| | - John P Walsh
- Department of Endocrinology & Diabetes, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, WA, 6009, Australia
- Medical School, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, 6009, Australia
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Khalil MMIM, Monir Mansour M, Bakrey Hamed Ata M, Elaskary SA, Genena SESR. Toll-like receptor 7 and tumor necrosis factor alpha polymorphisms in Egyptian patients with autoimmune thyroid diseases. J Immunoassay Immunochem 2024; 45:93-111. [PMID: 38174954 DOI: 10.1080/15321819.2023.2294298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) and Graves' disease (GD) susceptibility depends on a complex interaction between environmental and genetic factors. Genes for tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and toll-like receptors (TLRs) have been incorporated into the pathophysiology of autoimmune disorders. Our aim is to assess the association between TLR7 (rs179009) and TNF-α (rs1800629) polymorphisms and susceptibility to autoimmune thyroid disorders. One-hundred ninety-nine individuals, divided into 68 HT patients in group I, 57 GD patients in group II, and 74 age- and gender-matched healthy subjects in group III, underwent laboratory investigations, including the detection of TLR7 and TNF-α polymorphisms using real-time PCR technique. TLR7 (rs179009) genotypes, A/G and G/G, were significantly more prevalent in HT patients (group I) compared to normal controls. Meanwhile, TNF-α (rs1800629) genotypes in GD patients (group II) showed a six fold increase in the risk of the disease in the G/A and A/A genotypes. Our findings propose the fact that the polymorphisms of TLR7 (rs179009) play a role in the susceptibility and the development of Hashimoto's thyroiditis, whereas TNF-α (rs1800629) polymorphisms play a role in the susceptibility and development of Graves' disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Manal Monir Mansour
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University Menoufia Governorate, Shebein-El-Kom, Egypt
| | - Moustafa Bakrey Hamed Ata
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University Menoufia Governorate, Shebein-El-Kom, Egypt
| | - Shymaa Abdelsattar Elaskary
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University Menoufia Governorate, Shebein-El-Kom, Egypt
| | - Shaimaa El Sayed Ramadan Genena
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Shebein-El-Kom, Egypt
- Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Rabigh, Saudi Arabia
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Liu S, Li F, Cai Y, Ren L, Sun L, Gang X, Wang G. Bacteroidaceae, Bacteroides, and Veillonella: emerging protectors against Graves' disease. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2024; 14:1288222. [PMID: 38404289 PMCID: PMC10884117 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2024.1288222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Graves' disease (GD) is the most common cause of hyperthyroidism, and its pathogenesis remains incompletely elucidated. Numerous studies have implicated the gut microbiota in the development of thyroid disorders. This study employs Mendelian randomization analysis to investigate the characteristics of gut microbiota in GD patients, aiming to offer novel insights into the etiology and treatment of Graves' disease. Methods Two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis was employed to assess the causal relationship between Graves' disease and the gut microbiota composition. Gut microbiota data were sourced from the international consortium MiBioGen, while Graves' disease data were obtained from FINNGEN. Eligible single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were selected as instrumental variables. Multiple analysis methods, including inverse variance-weighted (IVW), MR-Egger regression, weighted median, weighted mode, and MR-RAPS, were utilized. Sensitivity analyses were conducted employing MR-Egger intercept test, Cochran's Q test, and leave-one-out analysis as quality control measures. Results The Mendelian randomization study conducted in a European population revealed a decreased risk of Graves' disease associated with Bacteroidaceae (Odds ratio (OR) [95% confidence interval (CI)]: 0.89 [0.89 ~ 0.90], adjusted P value: <0.001), Bacteroides (OR: [95% CI]: 0.555 [0.437 ~ 0.706], adjusted P value: <0.001), and Veillonella (OR [95% CI]: 0.632 [0.492 ~ 0.811], adjusted P value: 0.016). No significant evidence of heterogeneity, or horizontal pleiotropy was detected. Furthermore, the preliminary MR analysis identified 13 bacterial species including Eubacterium brachy group and Family XIII AD3011 group, exhibiting significant associations with Graves' disease onset, suggesting potential causal effects. Conclusion A causal relationship exists between gut microbiota and Graves' disease. Bacteroidaceae, Bacteroides, and Veillonella emerge as protective factors against Graves' disease development. Prospective probiotic supplementation may offer a novel avenue for adjunctive treatment in the management of Graves' disease in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyuan Liu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin, Changchun, China
| | - Fan Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin, Changchun, China
| | - Yunjia Cai
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin, Changchun, China
| | - Linan Ren
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin, Changchun, China
| | - Lin Sun
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin, Changchun, China
| | - Xiaokun Gang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin, Changchun, China
| | - Guixia Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin, Changchun, China
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Grixti L, Lane LC, Pearce SH. The genetics of Graves' disease. Rev Endocr Metab Disord 2024; 25:203-214. [PMID: 38108994 PMCID: PMC10808215 DOI: 10.1007/s11154-023-09848-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Graves' disease (GD) is the commonest cause of hyperthyroidism and has a strong female preponderance. Everyday clinical practice suggests strong aggregation within families and twin studies demonstrate that genetic factors account for 60-80% of risk of developing GD. In this review, we collate numerous genetic studies and outline the discoveries over the years, starting with historic candidate gene studies and then exploring more recent genome-wide linkage and association studies, which have involved substantial cohorts of East Asian patients as well as those of European descent. Variants in genes including HLA, CTLA4, and PTPN22 have been shown to have substantial individual effects on disease susceptibility. In addition, we examine emerging evidence concerning the possibility that genetic variants may correlate with relevant clinical phenotypes including age of onset of GD, severity of thyrotoxicosis, goitre size and relapse of hyperthyroidism following antithyroid drug therapy, as well as thyroid eye disease. This review supports the inheritance of GD as a complex genetic trait, with a growing number of more than 80 susceptibility loci identified so far. Future implementation of more targeted clinical therapies requires larger studies investigating the influence of these genetic variants on the various phenotypes and different outcomes of conventional treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lydia Grixti
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, BioMedicine West, Central Parkway, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, NE1 3BZ, UK
- Endocrine Unit, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Queen Victoria Road, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, NE1 4LP, UK
| | - Laura C Lane
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, BioMedicine West, Central Parkway, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, NE1 3BZ, UK
- Department of Paediatric Endocrinology, The Great North Children's Hospital, Queen Victoria Road, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, NE1 4LP, UK
| | - Simon H Pearce
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, BioMedicine West, Central Parkway, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, NE1 3BZ, UK.
- Endocrine Unit, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Queen Victoria Road, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, NE1 4LP, UK.
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11
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Xian W, Liu B, Li J, Yang Y, Hong S, Xiao H, Wu D, Li Y. Graves' disease and systemic lupus erythematosus: a Mendelian randomization study. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1273358. [PMID: 38352885 PMCID: PMC10863043 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1273358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Previous observational studies have established a correlation between Graves' disease(GD) and systemic lupus erythematosus(SLE). However, whether a causal relationship exists between these two diseases remains unknown.We utilized Mendelian randomization to infer the causal association between GD and SLE. Methods This study employed GWAS summary statistics of GD and SLE in individuals of Asian descent. The random effect inverse variance weighted (IVW) method was utilized to aggregate the causal effect estimates of all SNPs. Cochran's Q values were computed to evaluate the heterogeneity among instrumental variables. Sensitivity analyses such as MR-Egger method, median weighting method, leave-one-out method, and MR-PRESSO method were used to test whether there was horizontal pleiotropy of instrumental variables. Results Our study found genetically predicted GD may increase risk of SLE (OR=1.17, 95% CI 0.99-1.40, p=0.069). Additionally, genetically predicted SLE elevated the risk of developing GD by 15% (OR=1.15, 95% CI 1.05-1.27, p= 0.004). After correcting for possible horizontal pleiotropy by excluding outlier SNPs, the results suggested that GD increased the risk of SLE (OR=1.27, 95% CI 1.09-1.48, p =0.018), while SLE also increased the risk of developing GD (OR=1.13, 95% CI 1.05-1.22, p =0.003). Conclusion The findings of the study indicate that there may be a correlation between GD and SLE, with each potentially increasing the risk of the other. These results have important implications for the screening and treatment of patients with co-morbidities in clinical settings, as well as for further research into the molecular mechanisms underlying the relationship between GD and SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Xian
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Department of Pediatric Allergy, Immunology & Rheumatology, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Boyuan Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jinjian Li
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuxin Yang
- Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Shubin Hong
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Haipeng Xiao
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Dide Wu
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yanbing Li
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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Olatunbosun ST, Kluesner JK, Clerc PG, Prasad SS. Diagnosis of Resistance to Thyroid Hormone due to a Rare Mutation in the Thyroid Hormone Receptor Beta Gene in a Patient Previously Presumed to Have Graves' Disease. Mil Med 2024; 189:e439-e442. [PMID: 37531455 DOI: 10.1093/milmed/usad283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Clinicians may confuse an impaired sensitivity to thyroid hormone with hyperthyroidism and offer an inappropriate treatment. We report a diagnosis of resistance to thyroid hormone (RTH) caused by a rare mutation in the thyroid hormone receptor beta gene in a patient previously presumed to have Graves' disease. We have found only one published case of a novel point mutation, c.749T>C (p.Ile250Thr variant) associated with 50% reduction in thyroid hormone receptor binding affinity for triiodothyronine in the I250T mutant; it was found in this patient. A 66-year-old male veteran, with a history of non-ischemic cardiomyopathy and arrhythmias, was referred by a cardiologist with concerns for a possible thyrotropin (TSH) adenoma on account of elevated TSH and free thyroxine (FT4) levels. Pituitary imaging was negative. He was previously treated with radioiodine for presumptive Graves' disease in the civilian sector. Examination revealed a goiter with no nodules. Repeat TSH and FT4 levels were elevated and also free triiodothyronine (FT3) and reverse triiodothyronine. These findings and other test results were consistent with RTH, which was confirmed by genetic testing. Mutation analysis showed the patient to be heterozygous for the p.Ile250Thr variant. He later developed hypothyroidism. Resistance to thyroid hormone can be misdiagnosed as hyperthyroidism with consequent inappropriate treatment. Treatment is not needed in most RTH-beta patients. Thyroid ablation should generally be avoided. Clinicians must be cautious whenever they encounter concurrent elevation of TSH, FT4, and FT3. This RTH-beta patient has a rare I250T mutant of the thyroid hormone receptor beta gene, the second reported case in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel T Olatunbosun
- Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, USA
- Endocrinology Department, David Grant USAF Medical Center, Travis AFB, CA 94535, USA
| | - Joseph K Kluesner
- Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, USA
- Endocrinology Department, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base Medical Center, Wright-Patterson AFB, OH 45433, USA
| | - Philip G Clerc
- Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, USA
- Endocrinology Department, David Grant USAF Medical Center, Travis AFB, CA 94535, USA
| | - Shalvin S Prasad
- Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, USA
- Medicine Department, David Grant USAF Medical Center, Travis AFB, CA 94535, USA
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13
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Yu Y, Yang X, Wu J, Shangguan X, Bai S, Yu R. A Mendelian randomization study of the effect of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels on autoimmune thyroid disease. Front Immunol 2024; 14:1298708. [PMID: 38259461 PMCID: PMC10800945 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1298708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective The influence of vitamin D on autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD) remains a subject of ongoing debate. This study employs Mendelian randomization (MR) to investigate the causal correlations of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) levels with autoimmune thyroiditis (AIT), autoimmune hyperthyroidism (AIH), and Graves disease (GD). Methods Data on single nucleotide polymorphisms related to serum 25(OH)D levels, AIT, AIH, and GD were sourced from UK Biobank and FinnGen. Inverse variance weighted, MR-Egger, and weighted median were employed to test the exposure-outcome causal relationship. Assessments of horizontal pleiotropy, heterogeneity, and stability were performed using the MR-Egger intercept, Cochran's Q test, and leave-one-out sensitivity analysis, respectively. Results The results of MR analysis showed increased serum 25(OH)D levels was associated with a reduced risk of AIT (OR 0.499, 95% CI 0.289 to 0.860, p = 0.012) but not causal associated with AIH (OR 0.935, 95% CI 0.695 to 1.256, p = 0.654) and GD (OR 0.813, 95% CI 0.635 to 1.040, p = 0.100). Intercept analysis showed no horizontal pleiotropy (p > 0.05), and Cochran's Q test showed no heterogeneity (p > 0.05). Sensitivity analysis suggested that these results were robust. Conclusion An increased serum 25(OH)D level is associated with AIT risk reduction but unrelated to AIH and GD. This finding suggests that vitamin D supplementation can be valuable for preventing and treating AIT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunfeng Yu
- The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xinyu Yang
- College of Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jingyi Wu
- The Third School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xueli Shangguan
- The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Siyang Bai
- College of Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Rong Yu
- The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
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He Y, Ma P, Luo Y, Gong X, Gao J, Sun Y, Chen P, Zhang S, Tian Y, Shi B, Zhang B. Novel Association of KLRC4-KLRK1 Gene Polymorphisms with Susceptibility and Progression of Antithyroid Drug-Induced Agranulocytosis. Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes 2024; 132:17-22. [PMID: 38237612 DOI: 10.1055/a-2206-2242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Antithyroid drug (ATD)-induced agranulocytosis (TIA) is the most serious adverse effect during ATD treatment of Graves' disease (GD). Previously, the MICA gene was reported to be associated with TIA. MICA protein is an important ligand for the NKG2D protein, which is encoded by the KLRK1 gene and KLRC4-KLRK1 read-through transcription. This study further investigated the association between KLRC4-KLRK1 gene polymorphisms and susceptibility to TIA. METHODS Twenty-eight candidate single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) on KLRC4-KLRK1 read-through transcription were evaluated by the iPLEX MassARRAY system in 209 GD control patients and 38 TIA cases. RESULTS A significant association of rs2734565 polymorphism with TIA was found (p=0.02, OR=1.80, 95% CI=1.09-2.96). The haplotype C-A-A-C-G, including rs2734565-C, was associated with a significantly higher risk of TIA (p=4.79E-09, OR=8.361, 95% CI=3.737-18.707). In addition, the interval time from hyperthyroidism to agranulocytosis onset was shorter in patients carrying the rs2734565-C allele than in non-carrying groups (45.00 (14.00-6570.00) d vs. 1080.00 (30.00-3600.00) d, p=0.046), and the interval from ATD treatment to agranulocytosis onset was also shorter in patients carrying rs2734565-C allele (29.00 (13.00-75.00) d vs. 57.50 (21.00-240.00) d, p=0.023). CONCLUSIONS The findings suggest that the KLRC4-KLRK1 gene polymorphism is associated with susceptibility and progression of ATD-induced agranulocytosis. Patients carrying the rs2734565-C allele had a higher susceptibility and faster onset time of TIA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yayi He
- Department of Endocrinology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Pan Ma
- College of Medicine & Forensic, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
- Kunming Center for Medical Service Quality Assessment, Kunming, China
| | - Yuanlin Luo
- Department of Endocrinology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiaojuan Gong
- College of Medicine & Forensic, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jiayang Gao
- College of Medicine & Forensic, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yuxin Sun
- College of Medicine & Forensic, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Pu Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Suliang Zhang
- College of Medicine & Forensic, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yuxin Tian
- College of Medicine & Forensic, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Bingyin Shi
- Department of Endocrinology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Bao Zhang
- College of Medicine & Forensic, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
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15
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Liu X, Jiang W, Lu G, Qiao T, Gao D, Zhang M, Cai H, Chai L, Yi W, Lv Z. The Potential Role of Pyrroloquinoline Quinone to Regulate Thyroid Function and Gut Microbiota Composition of Graves' Disease in Mice. Pol J Microbiol 2023; 72:443-460. [PMID: 38095308 PMCID: PMC10725160 DOI: 10.33073/pjm-2023-042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Graves' disease (GD) is an autoimmune disorder disease, and its prevalence continues to increase worldwide. Pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ) is a naturally antioxidant compound in milk, vegetables, and meat. We aim to identify the treatment efficacy of PQQ on GD and its regulatory effect on intestinal microbiota. The GD mice model was built by an adenovirus expressing autoantigen thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor (Ad-TSHR289). Fecal samples were collected for 16S rDNA sequencing after PQQ pretreatments (20, 40, or 60 mg/kg BW/day) for 4 weeks. Thyroid and intestine functions were measured. The levels of serum TSHR and T4 were significantly raised, and the thyroid gland size was typically enlarged in the GD group than in controls, reversed by PQQ therapy. After PQQ replenishment, IL6 and TNFα levels in small intestine tissues were lower than those in the GD group, with Nrf2 and HO1 levels improved. Also, the PQQ supplement could maintain the mucosal epithelial barrier impaired by GD. In microbial analyses, PQQ treatment could prompt the diversity recovery of gut microbiota and reconstruct the microbiota composition injured by GD. Lactobacillus served as the most abundant genus in all groups, and the abundance of Lactobacillus was increased in the GD group than in control and PQQ groups. Besides, Lactobacillus was highly correlative with all samples and the top 50 genera. PQQ supplementation regulates thyroid function and relieves intestine injury. PQQ changes the primary composition and abundance of GD's intestine microbiota by moderating Lactobacillus, which may exert in the pathogenesis and progression of GD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Liu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Tenth Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine of Nanjing Medical University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wen Jiang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ganghua Lu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tingting Qiao
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dingwei Gao
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mengyu Zhang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Haidong Cai
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Li Chai
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wanwan Yi
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhongwei Lv
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Tenth Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine of Nanjing Medical University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
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Wu D, Liu B, Xian W, Yang Y, Li J, Hong S, Li Y, Xiao H. New insight into the causal relationship between Graves' disease liability and drug eruption: a Mendelian randomization study. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1267814. [PMID: 38077385 PMCID: PMC10703291 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1267814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Graves' disease (GD) and drug eruption are closely associated and frequently observed in the clinical setting. However, it remains unclear whether a causal relationship exists between these two conditions. The aim of the study is to investigate whether GD is causal to drug eruptions using two-sample Mendelian randomization. Methods We launched a two-sample MR to investigate whether GD is causal to drug eruption using Genome-wide association study (GWAS) summary data from Biobank Japan and FinnGen. Genetic variants were used as instrumental variables to avoid confounding bias. Statistical methods including inverse variance weighted (IVW), weighted median, MR-Egger, and MR-PRESSO were conducted to identify the robustness of the causal effect. Results Genetically predicted GD may increase the risk of drug eruption by 30.3% (OR=1.303, 95% CI 1.119-1.516, p<0.001) in the Asian population. In European populations, GD may increase the generalized drug eruption by 15.9% (OR=1.159, 95%CI 0.982-1.367, p=0.080). Conclusions We found GD is potentially causal to drug eruption. This finding expanded the view of the frequently observed co-existence of GD and adverse drug reactions involving the skin. The mechanism remains for further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dide Wu
- Department of Endocrinology, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Boyuan Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Wei Xian
- Department of Endocrinology, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuxin Yang
- Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinjian Li
- Department of Endocrinology, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Shubin Hong
- Department of Endocrinology, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yanbing Li
- Department of Endocrinology, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Haipeng Xiao
- Department of Endocrinology, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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Kustrimovic N, Gallo D, Piantanida E, Bartalena L, Lai A, Zerbinati N, Tanda ML, Mortara L. Regulatory T Cells in the Pathogenesis of Graves' Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16432. [PMID: 38003622 PMCID: PMC10671795 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242216432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Maintaining a delicate balance between the prompt immune response to pathogens and tolerance towards self-antigens and commensals is crucial for health. T regulatory (Treg) cells are pivotal in preserving self-tolerance, serving as negative regulators of inflammation through the secretion of anti-inflammatory cytokines, interleukin-2 neutralization, and direct suppression of effector T cells. Graves' disease (GD) is a thyroid-specific autoimmune disorder primarily attributed to the breakdown of tolerance to the thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor. Given the limitations of currently available GD treatments, identifying potential pathogenetic factors for pharmacological targeting is of paramount importance. Both functional impairment and frequency reduction of Tregs seem likely in GD pathogenesis. Genome-wide association studies in GD have identified polymorphisms of genes involved in Tregs' functions, such as CD25 (interleukin 2 receptor), and Forkhead box protein P3 (FOXP3). Clinical studies have reported both functional impairment and a reduction in Treg frequency or suppressive actions in GD, although their precise involvement remains a subject of debate. This review begins with an overview of Treg phenotype and functions, subsequently delves into the pathophysiology of GD and into the existing literature concerning the role of Tregs and the balance between Tregs and T helper 17 cells in GD, and finally explores the ongoing studies on target therapies for GD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasa Kustrimovic
- Center for Translational Research on Autoimmune and Allergic Disease—CAAD, Università del Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Daniela Gallo
- Endocrine Unit, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, ASST dei Sette Laghi, 21100 Varese, Italy (M.L.T.)
| | - Eliana Piantanida
- Endocrine Unit, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, ASST dei Sette Laghi, 21100 Varese, Italy (M.L.T.)
| | - Luigi Bartalena
- Endocrine Unit, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, ASST dei Sette Laghi, 21100 Varese, Italy (M.L.T.)
| | - Adriana Lai
- Endocrine Unit, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, ASST dei Sette Laghi, 21100 Varese, Italy (M.L.T.)
| | - Nicola Zerbinati
- Dermatology Unit, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, ASST dei Sette Laghi, 21100 Varese, Italy
| | - Maria Laura Tanda
- Endocrine Unit, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, ASST dei Sette Laghi, 21100 Varese, Italy (M.L.T.)
| | - Lorenzo Mortara
- Immunology and General Pathology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy
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18
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Qiao Y, Zhao J, Cao L, Li Y, Wu J. [Clinical and genetic analysis of a case of Gitelman syndrome with comorbid Graves disease and adrenocortical adenoma]. Zhonghua Yi Xue Yi Chuan Xue Za Zhi 2023; 40:1409-1413. [PMID: 37906151 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn511374-20210922-00767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To report the clinical and genetic characteristics of a rare case of Gitelman syndrome with comorbid Graves disease and ACTH-independent adrenocortical adenoma. METHODS A patient who had presented at the Nanchong Central Hospital on December 21, 2020 was selected as the study subject. Clinical data of the patient was collected. Whole-exome sequencing was carried out on DNA extracted from peripheral venous blood samples from the patient and her family members. RESULTS The patient, a 45-year-old woman, was found to have Graves disease, ACTH-independent Cushing syndrome, hypokalemia and hypomagnesemia following the discovery of an adrenal incidentaloma. MRI scan had revealed a 3.8 cm × 3.2 cm mass in the left adrenal gland. The mass was removed by surgery and confirmed as adrenocortical adenoma. DNA sequencing revealed that the patient and her sister have both harbored compound heterozygous variants of the SLC12A3 gene, namely c.1444-10(IVS11)G>A and c.179(exon1)C>T (p.T60M), which were respectively inherited from their father and mother. Based on the guidelines from the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics (ACMG), the c.1444-10(IVS11)G>A and c.179(exon1)C>T (p.T60M) were respectively classified as a variant of uncertain significance (PM2_Supporting+PP3) and a likely pathogenic variant (PM3_Strong+PM1+PP3). CONCLUSION The conjunction of Gitelman syndrome with Graves disease and adrenal cortex adenoma is rather rare. The newly discovered c.1444-10(IVS11)G>A variant of the SLC12A3 gene, together with the heterozygous variant of c.179(exon1)C>T (p.T60M), probably underlay the pathogenesis in this patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Qiao
- Department of Endocrinology, Nanchong Central Hospital, Nanchong, Sichuan 637003, China.
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Bogović Crnčić T, Girotto N, Ilić Tomaš M, Krištofić I, Klobučar S, Batičić L, Ćurko-Cofek B, Sotošek V. Innate Immunity in Autoimmune Thyroid Disease during Pregnancy. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15442. [PMID: 37895126 PMCID: PMC10607674 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242015442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD) is the most common organ-specific autoimmune disorder clinically presented as Hashimoto thyroiditis (HT) and Graves' disease (GD). The pathogenesis of AITD is caused by an inappropriate immune response related to genetic, non-genetic, and environmental factors. Pregnancy is one of the factors that have a great influence on the function of the thyroid gland because of the increased metabolic demand and the effects of hormones related to pregnancy. During pregnancy, an adaptation of the maternal immune system occurs, especially of the innate immune system engaged in maintaining adaptive immunity in the tolerant state, preventing the rejection of the fetus. Pregnancy-related hormonal changes (estrogen, progesterone, hCG) may modulate the activity of innate immune cells, potentially worsening the course of AITD during pregnancy. This especially applies to NK cells, which are associated with exacerbation of HD and GD. On the other hand, previous thyroid disorders can affect fertility and cause adverse outcomes of pregnancy, such as placental abruption, spontaneous abortion, and premature delivery. Additionally, it can cause fetal growth retardation and may contribute to impaired neuropsychological development of the fetus. Therefore, maintaining the thyroid equilibrium in women of reproductive age and in pregnant women is of the highest importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatjana Bogović Crnčić
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Braće Branchetta 20, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia; (T.B.C.); (M.I.T.)
| | - Neva Girotto
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Braće Branchetta 20, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia; (T.B.C.); (M.I.T.)
| | - Maja Ilić Tomaš
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Braće Branchetta 20, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia; (T.B.C.); (M.I.T.)
| | - Ines Krištofić
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Braće Branchetta 20, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia;
| | - Sanja Klobučar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Braće Branchetta 20, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia;
| | - Lara Batičić
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Biochemistry and Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Braće Branchetta 20, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia;
| | - Božena Ćurko-Cofek
- Department of Physiology, Immunology and Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Braće Branchetta 20, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia;
| | - Vlatka Sotošek
- Department of Anesthesiology, Reanimatology, Emergency and Intensive Care Medicine, University of Rijeka, Braće Branchetta 20, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia;
- Department of Clinical Medical Sciences II, Faculty of Health Studies, University of Rijeka, Viktora Cara Emina 2, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia
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Yang M, Lai Y, Gan D, Liu Q, Wang Y, He X, An Y, Gao T. Possible molecular exploration of herbal pair Haizao-Kunbu in the treatment of Graves' disease by network pharmacology, molecular docking, and molecular dynamic analysis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1236549. [PMID: 37859983 PMCID: PMC10583570 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1236549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To promote the development and therapeutic application of new medications, it is crucial to conduct a thorough investigation into the mechanism by which the traditional Chinese herb pair of Haizao-Kunbu (HK) treats Graves' disease (GD). Materials and methods Chemical ingredients of HK, putative target genes, and GD-associated genes were retrieved from online public databases. Using Cytoscape 3.9.1, a compound-gene target network was established to explore the association between prosperous ingredients and targets. STRING, Gene Ontology, and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analyses visualized core targets and disease pathways. Additionally, we conducted a refined analysis of the binding interactions between active ingredients and their respective targets. To visualize these findings, we employed precise molecular docking techniques. Furthermore, we carried out molecular dynamics simulations to gain insights into the formation of more tightly bound complexes. Results We found that there were nine key active ingredients in HK, which mainly acted on 21 targets. These targets primarily regulated several biological processes such as cell population proliferation, protein phosphorylation, and regulation of kinase activity, and acted on PI3K-AKT and MAPK pathways to treat GD. Analysis of the molecular interaction simulation under computer technology revealed that the key targets exhibited strong binding activity to active ingredients, and Fucosterol-AKT1 and Isofucosterol-AKT1 complexes were highly stable in humans. Conclusion This study demonstrates that HK exerts therapeutic effects on GD in a multi-component, multi-target, and multi-pathway manner by regulating cell proliferation, differentiation, inflammation, and immunomodulatory-related targets. This study provides a theoretical foundation for further investigation into GD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengfei Yang
- Graduate School, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Yiwen Lai
- Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Di Gan
- Graduate School, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Qingyang Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Yingna Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Xinyong He
- Insititute of Laboratory Medicine, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Yi An
- Department of Obstetrics, The People’s Hospital of Liaoning, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Tianshu Gao
- Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
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Tan G, Zheng G, Li J, Zhu Y, Liang Z, Li H, Yu H, Wang X. Association of genetic variations in FoxP3 gene with Graves' disease in a Southwest Chinese Han population. Immun Inflamm Dis 2023; 11:e1046. [PMID: 37904681 PMCID: PMC10571500 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.1046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Graves' disease (GD) is a T cell-mediated organ-specific autoimmune disease. Forkhead box P3 (FoxP3) is an excellent marker for the induction and development of regulatory T cells (Tregs). Recent studies showed that single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the FoxP3 gene were associated with the increased susceptibility to several autoimmune diseases. In the present study, we investigated the association of FoxP3 gene polymorphisms with GD in a Southwest Chinese Han population. METHODS A two-stage case-control study was performed in 890 healthy controls (male, 282; female, 608) and 503 patients with GD (male, 138; female, 365). Four SNPs (rs3761548, rs3761549, rs3761547, and rs2280883) were genotyped by the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism assay. The χ2 test was used to compare the genotype distributions and allele frequencies between GD patients and healthy controls. RESULTS In the first stage, the significantly increased frequencies of the A allele (p = .031, odds ratio [OR] = 1.635) and AA genotype (p = .023, OR = 3.257), together with a significantly decreased frequency of the C allele (p = .031, OR = 0.611) of FoxP3/rs3761548 were found in female patients with GD. None of the other FoxP3 SNPs was associated with GD susceptibility. Subsequent validation and combination of data confirmed the association between FoxP3/rs3761548 and the female patients with GD (A allele: p < .001, OR = 1.672; AA genotype: p = .005, OR = 2.488; CC genotype: p = .001, OR = 0.622; C allele: p < .001, OR = 0.615, respectively). CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that FoxP3/rs3761548 is significantly associated with female GD patients in a Southwest Chinese Han population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guiqin Tan
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Special Key Laboratory of Ocular Diseases of Guizhou ProvinceZunyi Medical UniversityZunyiChina
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical UniversityZunyiChina
| | - Guangbing Zheng
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Special Key Laboratory of Ocular Diseases of Guizhou ProvinceZunyi Medical UniversityZunyiChina
| | - Jiang Li
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Special Key Laboratory of Ocular Diseases of Guizhou ProvinceZunyi Medical UniversityZunyiChina
| | - Yingping Zhu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Special Key Laboratory of Ocular Diseases of Guizhou ProvinceZunyi Medical UniversityZunyiChina
| | - Zhongzhi Liang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Special Key Laboratory of Ocular Diseases of Guizhou ProvinceZunyi Medical UniversityZunyiChina
| | - Hua Li
- Yongchuan HospitalChongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Hongsong Yu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Special Key Laboratory of Ocular Diseases of Guizhou ProvinceZunyi Medical UniversityZunyiChina
| | - Xin Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Special Key Laboratory of Ocular Diseases of Guizhou ProvinceZunyi Medical UniversityZunyiChina
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Stasiak M, Stasiak B, Zawadzka-Starczewska K, Lewiński A. Significance of HLA in Graves' disease and Graves' orbitopathy in Asian and Caucasian populations - a systematic review. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1256922. [PMID: 37841270 PMCID: PMC10568027 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1256922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Graves' disease (GD) and Graves' orbitopathy (GO) development were suspected to be HLA-related in both Asian and Caucasian populations. However, most studies were performed with application of serological methods or low resolution genetic typing, which led to inconsistent results even among the same population. The present review is intended to summarize the state-of-art knowledge on the HLA significance in GD and GO in Asians and Caucasians, as well as to find the most significant alleles for each of the populations. Methods PubMed was searched for relevant articles using the following search terms: HLA plus thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy or Graves' disease or Graves' orbitopathy or thyroid eye disease or thyroid-associated orbitopathy. Results In Asian population GD was found to be associated mostly with B*46:01, DPB1*05:01, DRB1*08:02/03, DRB1*16:02, DRB1*14:03, DRB1*04:05, DQB1*05:02 and DQB1*03:03, while DRB1*07:01, DRB1*01:01, DRB1*13:02, DRB1*12:02 are potentially protective. HLA-B*38:02, DRB1*16:02, DQA1*01:02, DQB1*05:02 can be considered associated with increased risk of GO in Asians, while HLA-B*54:01 may play protective role. In Caucasians, C*07:01, DQA1*05:01, DRB1*03, DQB1*02:01 are associated with GD risk while DRB1*07:01, DQA1*02:01 may be protective. Significance of HLA in the course of GD and novel aspects of HLA amino acid variants and potential HLA-based treatment modalities were also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Stasiak
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Polish Mother’s Memorial Hospital—Research Institute, Lodz, Poland
| | - Bartłomiej Stasiak
- Institute of Information Technology, Lodz University of Technology, Lodz, Poland
| | | | - Andrzej Lewiński
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Polish Mother’s Memorial Hospital—Research Institute, Lodz, Poland
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
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Shin C, Baek IC, Cho WK, Kim TG, Suh BK. Comprehensive analysis of chemokine gene polymorphisms in Korean children with autoimmune thyroid disease. Sci Rep 2023; 13:15642. [PMID: 37730733 PMCID: PMC10511635 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-42021-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemokines are chemotactic cytokines that can cause directed migration of leukocytes. The aim of this study was to examine differences in single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) of chemokine in AITD patients compared to normal controls. A total of 86 Korean pediatric patients were included in the patient group and 183 adults were included in the normal control group. To compare influences of several chemokine gene polymorphisms, 25 SNPs in 16 chemokine genes were analyzed. Genotype frequencies of CCL11(rs3744508)AA(OR = 6.9) and CCR2(rs1799864)AA(OR = 3.8) were higher in the AITD patients than in the controls, whereas CCL17(rs223828)CC was lower in the AITD patients than in the controls(OR = 0.4). In comparison between Graves' disease (GD) patients and controls, genotype frequency of CCL17(rs223828)CC(OR = 0.4) was lower in the GD group, whereas those of CCR2(rs1799864)AA(OR = 4.8) were higher in the GD group. The genotype frequency of CCL11(rs3744508)AA(OR = 11.3) was higher in Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) patients, whereas that of CXCL8(rs2227306)CC(OR = 0.4) was lower in HT patients. Polymorphisms of CCL11(rs3744508), CCL17(rs223828), and CCR2(rs1799864) might be associated with AITD, with CCL17(rs223828), CCR2(rs1799864) and CXCR2(rs2230054, rs1126579) affecting GD and CCL11(rs3744508) and CXCL8(rs2227306) affecting HT in Korean children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chungwoo Shin
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, St. Vincent's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 065941, Korea
| | - In-Cheol Baek
- Catholic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Bank, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 065941, Korea.
| | - Won Kyoung Cho
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, St. Vincent's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 065941, Korea.
| | - Tai-Gyu Kim
- Catholic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Bank, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 065941, Korea
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 065941, Korea
| | - Byung-Kyu Suh
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, St. Vincent's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 065941, Korea
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Álvarez-Sierra D, Rodríguez-Grande J, Gómez-Brey A, Bello I, Caubet E, González Ó, Zafón C, Iglesias C, Moreno P, Ruiz N, Marín-Sánchez A, Colobran R, Pujol-Borrell R. Single cell transcriptomic analysis of Graves' disease thyroid glands reveals the broad immunoregulatory potential of thyroid follicular and stromal cells and implies a major re-interpretation of the role of aberrant HLA class II expression in autoimmunity. J Autoimmun 2023; 139:103072. [PMID: 37336012 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2023.103072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
The study of the immune response in thyroid autoimmunity has been mostly focused on the autoantibodies and lymphocytes, but there are indications that intrinsic features of thyroid tissue cells may play a role in disrupting tolerance that needs further investigation. The overexpression of HLA and adhesion molecules by thyroid follicular cells (TFC) and our recent demonstration that PD-L1 is also moderately expressed by TFCs in autoimmune thyroid indicates that TFCs they may activate but also inhibit the autoimmune response. Intriguingly, we have recently found that in vitro cultured TFCs are able to suppress the proliferation of autologous lymphocyte T in a contact-dependent manner which is independent of the PD-1/PD-L1 signaling pathway. To get a more comprehensive picture of TFC activating and inhibitory molecules/pathways driving the autoimmune response in the thyroid glands, preparations of TFCs and stromal cells from five Graves' disease (GD) and four control thyroid glands were compared by scRNA-seq. The results confirmed the previously described interferon type I and type II signatures in GD TFCs and showed unequivocally that they express the full array of genes that intervene in the processing and presentation of endogenous and exogeneous antigens. GD TFCs lack however expression of costimulatory molecules CD80 and CD86 required for priming T cells. A moderate overexpression of CD40 by TFCs was confirmed. GD Fibroblasts showed widespread upregulation of cytokine genes. The results from this first single transcriptomic profiling of TFC and thyroid stromal cells provides a more granular view of the events occurring in GD. The new data point at an important contribution of stromal cells and prompt a major re-interpretation of the role of MHC over-expression by TFC, from deleterious to protective. Most importantly this re-interpretation could also apply to other tissues, like pancreatic beta cells, where MHC over-expression has been detected in diabetic pancreas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Álvarez-Sierra
- Translational Immunology Research Group, Vall D'Hebron Institute of Research (VHIR), Campus Vall D'Hebron, Barcelona, Passeig Vall D'Hebron 119-129, 08035, Spain; Immunology Division, Hospital Universitari Vall D'Hebron (HUVH), Barcelona, Passeig Vall D'Hebron 119-129, 08035, Spain.
| | - Jorge Rodríguez-Grande
- Microbiology Division, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla - IDIVAL, Passeig Vall D'Hebron 119-129, 08035, Spain
| | - Aroa Gómez-Brey
- Transplant Coordination Department, Hospital Universitari Vall D'Hebron (HUVH), Campus Vall D'Hebron. Barcelona, Passeig Vall D'Hebron 119-129, 08035, Spain
| | - Irene Bello
- Thoracic Surgery and Lung Transplantation Department, Hospital Universitari Vall D'Hebron (HUVH), Barcelona, Campus Vall D'Hebron, Passeig Vall D'Hebron 119-129, 08035, Spain
| | - Enric Caubet
- Department of General Surgery, Endocrine Surgery Division, Hospital Universitari Vall D'Hebron (HUVH), Campus Vall D'Hebron, Barcelona, Passeig Vall D'Hebron 119-129, 08035, Spain
| | - Óscar González
- Department of General Surgery, Endocrine Surgery Division, Hospital Universitari Vall D'Hebron (HUVH), Campus Vall D'Hebron, Barcelona, Passeig Vall D'Hebron 119-129, 08035, Spain
| | - Carles Zafón
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Universitari Vall D'Hebron (HUVH), Campus Vall D'Hebron, Barcelona, Passeig Vall D'Hebron 119-129, 08035, Spain
| | - Carmela Iglesias
- Department of Histopathology, Hospital Universitari Vall D'Hebron (HUVH), Campus Vall D'Hebron Barcelona, Passeig Vall D'Hebron 119-129, 08035, Spain
| | - Pablo Moreno
- Department of General Surgery, Endocrine Surgery Division, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge (HUB), Barcelona, Passeig Vall D'Hebron 119-129, 08035, Spain
| | - Núria Ruiz
- Department of Histopathology, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge (HUB), Barcelona, Passeig Vall D'Hebron 119-129, 08035, Spain
| | - Ana Marín-Sánchez
- Translational Immunology Research Group, Vall D'Hebron Institute of Research (VHIR), Campus Vall D'Hebron, Barcelona, Passeig Vall D'Hebron 119-129, 08035, Spain; Immunology Division, Hospital Universitari Vall D'Hebron (HUVH), Barcelona, Passeig Vall D'Hebron 119-129, 08035, Spain
| | - Roger Colobran
- Translational Immunology Research Group, Vall D'Hebron Institute of Research (VHIR), Campus Vall D'Hebron, Barcelona, Passeig Vall D'Hebron 119-129, 08035, Spain; Immunology Division, Hospital Universitari Vall D'Hebron (HUVH), Barcelona, Passeig Vall D'Hebron 119-129, 08035, Spain
| | - Ricardo Pujol-Borrell
- Translational Immunology Research Group, Vall D'Hebron Institute of Research (VHIR), Campus Vall D'Hebron, Barcelona, Passeig Vall D'Hebron 119-129, 08035, Spain; Immunology Division, Hospital Universitari Vall D'Hebron (HUVH), Barcelona, Passeig Vall D'Hebron 119-129, 08035, Spain; Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Autonomous University of Barcelona (UAB), Campus Vall D'Hebron, Barcelona, Hospital Universitari Vall D'Hebron and the Other Institutions in the Campus Vall D'Hebron Is, Passeig Vall D'Hebron 119-129, 08035, Spain; Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Centre Cellex, C/ Natzaret, 115-117, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
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Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression at the posttranscriptional level. They are emerging as potential biomarkers and as therapeutic targets for several diseases including autoimmune thyroid diseases (AITD). They control a wide range of biological phenomena, including immune activation, apoptosis, differentiation and development, proliferation and metabolism. This function makes miRNAs attractive as disease biomarker candidates or even as therapeutic agents. Because of their stability and reproducibility circulating miRNAs have been an interesting area of research in many diseases, and studies describing their role in the immune response and in autoimmune diseases have progressively developed. The mechanisms underlying AITD remain elusive. AITD pathogenesis is characterized by a multifactorial interplay based on the synergy between susceptibility genes and environmental stimulation, together with epigenetic modulation. Understanding the regulatory role of miRNAs could lead to identify potential susceptibility pathways, diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets for this disease. Herein we update our present knowledge on the role of microRNAs in AITD and discuss on their importance as possible diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers in the most prevalent AITDs: Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT), Graves' disease (GD) and Graves' Ophthalmopathy (GO). This review provides an overview of the state of the art in the pathological roles of microRNAs as well as in possible novel miRNA-based therapeutic approaches in AITD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebeca Martínez-Hernández
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Princesa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C/ Diego de León 62, 28006 Madrid, Spain; Faculty of Medicine, Universidad San Pablo CEU, CEU Universities, Urbanizacion Monteprincipe, Alcorcon, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Mónica Marazuela
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Princesa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C/ Diego de León 62, 28006 Madrid, Spain.
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Uchida T, Shimamura M, Taka H, Kaga N, Miura Y, Nishida Y, Nagayama Y, Watada H. The Effect of Long-Term Inorganic Iodine on Intrathyroidal Iodothyronine Content and Gene Expression in Mice with Graves' Hyperthyroidism. Thyroid 2023; 33:330-337. [PMID: 36565031 PMCID: PMC10024588 DOI: 10.1089/thy.2022.0496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Background: The main molecular mechanism underlying acute suppression of iodine organification in normal thyroids after an excessive iodine load, that is, the Wolff-Chaikoff effect, is assumed to be suppression of iodine oxidation and iodothyronine synthesis. However, the mechanism underlying chronic antithyroid action of inorganic iodine in Graves' disease is not fully understood. Using a mouse model of Graves' hyperthyroidism, we examined changes in iodothyronine content and gene expression profiles in the thyroid glands after inorganic iodine loading. Materials and Methods: Graves' hyperthyroidism was induced and maintained in BALB/c mice by repeated immunizations of recombinant adenovirus expressing the human thyrotropin (TSH) receptor A-subunit. Hyperthyroid mice were left untreated (GD-C; n = 8) or treated with inorganic iodine for 12 weeks (GD-NaI; n = 8). We used unimmunized BALB/c mice as a control group (n = 10). In each mouse, serum thyroxine (T4) levels were measured with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) at 4-week intervals. The intrathyroidal iodothyronine content and gene expression levels were, respectively, evaluated by mass spectrometry and RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) at the end of the experimental period. Results: Serum T4 levels in the GD-C group remained higher than in the control group, whereas those in the GD-NaI group declined to normal levels during the experimental period. Intrathyroidal triiodothyronine (T3), reverse T3 (rT3), and T4 contents in the GD-C group were higher than the control group, and rT3 and T4 were further increased in the GD-NaI group. The observed alterations in iodothyronine levels in the thyroid and sera may be explained by altered expression levels of genes for iodothyronine biosynthetic molecules, their transporter, and deiodinases. Conclusion: In this mouse model of hyperthyroidism, higher intrathyroidal accumulation of T4 and reduced gene expression data of iodothyronine transporters in the GD-NaI group suggest that chronic antithyroid action of iodine in Graves' disease involves suppression of hormone secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toyoyoshi Uchida
- Department of Metabolism & Endocrinology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Address correspondence to: Toyoyoshi Uchida, MD, PhD, Department of Metabolism & Endocrinology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Mika Shimamura
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Atomic Bomb Disease Institute, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Hikari Taka
- Laboratory of Proteomics and Biomolecular Science, Biomedical Research Core Facilities, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoko Kaga
- Laboratory of Proteomics and Biomolecular Science, Biomedical Research Core Facilities, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Miura
- Laboratory of Proteomics and Biomolecular Science, Biomedical Research Core Facilities, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuya Nishida
- Department of Metabolism & Endocrinology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuji Nagayama
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Atomic Bomb Disease Institute, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Watada
- Department of Metabolism & Endocrinology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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Dhaouadi T, Rojbi I, Ghammouki S, Ben Nacef I, Adel M, Mekni S, Khiari K, Ben Abdallah T, Sfar I, Gorgi Y. Pre- and Post-treatment Serum BAFF Levels and BAFF Gene Polymorphisms in Patients with Graves' Disease. Endocr Res 2023; 48:16-26. [PMID: 36636836 DOI: 10.1080/07435800.2023.2167087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND B cell activating factor (BAFF), a crucial factor for B cell survival and differentiation, has been linked to several autoimmune conditions. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association of BAFF gene's polymorphisms with its serum levels and to assess their effect on Graves' disease (GD) susceptibility and presentation. METHODS Sixty-two GD patients and 152 healthy controls have been enrolled to investigate BAFF rs9514827 (-2841 T/C), rs1041569 (-2701 T/A) and rs9514828 (-871 C/T) gene's polymorphism by PCR-RFLP and serum BAFF level's kinetics under medical treatment by ELISA. RESULTS Median serum BAFF level at baseline was significantly higher in GD patients (841.7 pg/ml [685.23-1058.32]) comparatively to controls (495.75 pg/ml [383.17-595.7]), p = 7.29 E-25. A ROC curve was used to assess BAFF performances in GD diagnosis and revealed an AUC of 94.9% [0.919-0.979], p = 7.29 E-25. At a cutoff value of 654.9 pg/ml of BAFF at baseline, the sensitivity and the specificity were, respectively, 83.9% and 90.8%. BAFF level was significantly increased in smoking patients (1079.55 pg/ml [875.35-1203]) comparatively to nonsmokers (746.95 pg/ml [643.2-915.7]), p = 3.1 E-5. While -2841 T/C and -2701 T/A genotypes and alleles frequencies were similar between patients and controls, the -871*T allele was significantly more prevalent in patients (0.613) than in controls (0.477); p = .01, OR [95% CI] = 1.73 [1.13-2.65]. The three studied polymorphisms were not associated with serum BAFF level at baseline. CONCLUSION Serum BAFF level is significantly increased in GD especially in smoking patients. rs9514828 - 871*T allele might be a susceptibility variant for GD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarak Dhaouadi
- Research Laboratory in Immunology of Renal Transplantation and Immunopathology (LR03SP01), Charles Nicolle Hospital, Tunis El Manar University, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Imen Rojbi
- Endocrinology Department, Charles Nicolle Hospital, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Sameh Ghammouki
- Research Laboratory in Immunology of Renal Transplantation and Immunopathology (LR03SP01), Charles Nicolle Hospital, Tunis El Manar University, Tunis, Tunisia
| | | | - Meriem Adel
- Endocrinology Department, Charles Nicolle Hospital, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Sabrine Mekni
- Endocrinology Department, Charles Nicolle Hospital, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Karima Khiari
- Endocrinology Department, Charles Nicolle Hospital, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Taïeb Ben Abdallah
- Research Laboratory in Immunology of Renal Transplantation and Immunopathology (LR03SP01), Charles Nicolle Hospital, Tunis El Manar University, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Imen Sfar
- Research Laboratory in Immunology of Renal Transplantation and Immunopathology (LR03SP01), Charles Nicolle Hospital, Tunis El Manar University, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Yousr Gorgi
- Research Laboratory in Immunology of Renal Transplantation and Immunopathology (LR03SP01), Charles Nicolle Hospital, Tunis El Manar University, Tunis, Tunisia
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Tanaka W, Oyama N, Makimura M, Miyako K. Hypocalcemia and Graves' disease associated with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome. Pediatr Int 2023; 65:e15709. [PMID: 37968902 DOI: 10.1111/ped.15709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Wataru Tanaka
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Fukuoka Children's Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Noriko Oyama
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Fukuoka Children's Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
- Department of Pediatrics, Oita Prefectural Hospital, Oita, Japan
| | - Mika Makimura
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Fukuoka Children's Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kenichi Miyako
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Fukuoka Children's Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
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Xu J, Suo L, Zhao J, Cai T, Mei N, Du P, Gao C, Fang Y, Jiang Y, Zhang JA. MBL2 polymorphism may be a protective factor of autoimmune thyroid disease susceptibility. Mol Genet Genomics 2023; 298:95-105. [PMID: 36318338 DOI: 10.1007/s00438-022-01960-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Genetic susceptibility is an essential pathogenetic mechanism in autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD). MBL2 gene polymorphisms have been shown to play a vital role in the pathogenesis of multiple autoimmune disorders, but its contribution to AITD is unclear. The aim of this study was to assess the linkage between MBL2 gene polymorphisms and AITD susceptibility in a Chinese Han population. One thousand seven hundred sixty seven subjects consisting of 965 AITD patients and 802 controls from a Chinese Han population were enrolled in the case-control study. Four common single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the MBL2 gene were tested using high-throughput sequencing technology for sequence-based SNP genotyping. The allele and genotype distribution results showed that the minor alleles of rs198266, rs10824793, and rs4935046 were significantly lower in Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) patients than in healthy controls. In further genetic model analysis, the dominant models of rs1982266, rs10824793, and rs4935046 for MBL2 in the AITD group exhibited a lower risk of morbidity. Finally, we discovered that haplotype AAGC was associated with Graves' disease (GD), while AGC was associated with HT. Our study provides strong evidence for a genetic correlation between MBL2 and AITD, and the polymorphism of the MBL2 gene may be a protective factor for AITD, especially for HT. These findings can advance our understanding of the etiology of AITD, as well as provide guidance for prevention and intervention toward AITD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianbin Xu
- Graduate School, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
- Department of Endocrinology and Rheumatology, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, No. 1500 Zhouyuan Road, Pudong District, Shanghai, 201318, China
| | - Lixia Suo
- Department of Endocrinology, Jiading District Central Hospital Affiliated Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, 201899, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Graduate School, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
- Department of Endocrinology and Rheumatology, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, No. 1500 Zhouyuan Road, Pudong District, Shanghai, 201318, China
| | - Tiantian Cai
- Graduate School, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
- Department of Endocrinology and Rheumatology, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, No. 1500 Zhouyuan Road, Pudong District, Shanghai, 201318, China
| | - Na Mei
- Department of Rehabilitation, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310012, Zhejiang, China
| | - Peng Du
- Graduate School, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
- Department of Endocrinology and Rheumatology, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, No. 1500 Zhouyuan Road, Pudong District, Shanghai, 201318, China
| | - Chaoqun Gao
- Graduate School, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
- Department of Endocrinology and Rheumatology, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, No. 1500 Zhouyuan Road, Pudong District, Shanghai, 201318, China
| | - Yudie Fang
- Graduate School, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
- Department of Endocrinology and Rheumatology, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, No. 1500 Zhouyuan Road, Pudong District, Shanghai, 201318, China
| | - Yanfei Jiang
- Department of Endocrinology and Rheumatology, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, No. 1500 Zhouyuan Road, Pudong District, Shanghai, 201318, China.
| | - Jin-An Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology and Rheumatology, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, No. 1500 Zhouyuan Road, Pudong District, Shanghai, 201318, China.
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China.
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30
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Chen A, Huang L, Zhang L. Helper T Cell 17 and Regulatory T Cell Levels in Peripheral Blood of Newly Diagnosed Patients with Autoimmune Thyroid Disease: A Meta-Analysis. Horm Metab Res 2023; 55:40-50. [PMID: 36332627 DOI: 10.1055/a-1972-5787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
This article aims to explore associated immune indicators of autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD) through a meta-analysis of published case-control studies on newly diagnosed AITD patients, intending to provide some suggestions for research on the mechanisms of AITD. Six electronic databases were searched for case-control studies on newly diagnosed AITD patients from inception to August 15, 2022. A random-effects model was used to calculate the standardized mean difference (SMD), odds ratio (OR), and 95% confidence interval (95% CI). A total of 26 articles were included in this meta-analysis. Patients with newly diagnosed AITD had higher levels of helper T cell 17 (Th17) (Hashimoto's disease (HT): SMD=2.35, 95% CI: 1.98, 2.72; Graves' disease (GD): SMD=1.61, 95% CI: 1.23, 1.98), lower levels of regulatory T cell (Treg) (HT: SMD=-2.04, 95% CI: -2.67, -1.42; GD: SMD=-1.35, 95% CI: -2.11, -0.58), and lower levels of forkhead box P3 (FoxP3) mRNA (HT: SMD=-2.58, 95% CI: -3.12, -2.05; GD: SMD=-2.13, 95% CI: -2.56, -1.70), compared to the healthy population. In addition, the single nucleotide polymorphism rs3761548 and rs3761549 in the promoter region of FoxP3 showed a higher frequency in the comparison of genotype "CT" only in HT patients than in the healthy population (OR=1.66, 95%CI: 1.18, 2.34). In patients with newly diagnosed AITD, the Th17/Treg ratio imbalance may develop AITD. Monitoring Th17 and Treg levels may become an essential tool to assess the organism's immune homeostasis and hopefully guide clinical diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aizhi Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Putian First Hospital, Putian, China
| | - Liang Huang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Liqin Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Ganzhou People's Hospital, Ganzhou, China
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31
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Gallo D, De Vito A, Roncoroni R, Bruno A, Piantanida E, Bartalena L, Tanda ML, Mortara L, Acquati F. A potential role of human RNASET2 overexpression in the pathogenesis of Graves' disease. Endocrine 2023; 79:55-59. [PMID: 36180758 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-022-03207-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Genetic variation of the gene encoding for the only human enzyme of the T2 ribonucleases family (RNASET2) emerged in genome-wide association studies as a putative risk hotspot for Graves' disease (GD). T2 ribonucleases activities include immune regulation, induction of cell apoptosis and differentiation. Several reports supported the hypothesis that RNASET2 represents a "danger" message addressed to the innate immune system in peculiar conditions. This was a longitudinal, case-control study. RNASET2 protein levels were assessed in blood samples from 34 consecutive newly diagnosed GD patients and in healthy controls. At enrollment, RNASET2 levels were significantly higher in GD patients (98.5 ± 29.1 ng/ml) compared to healthy controls (72.5 ± 27.9 ng/ml, p = 0.001). After 6 months of methimazole treatment, RNASET2 levels significantly decrease and return to levels similar to healthy controls (62.4 ± 22 ng/ml, p = 0.69). These preliminary results suggest that RNASET2 is overexpressed in patients with GD and might represent an "alarm signal" generated by thyroid cells in response to endogenous or environmental stress to alert the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Gallo
- Endocrine Unit, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, ASST dei Sette Laghi, 21100, Varese, Italy.
| | - Annarosaria De Vito
- Human Genetics Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, 21100, Varese, Italy
| | - Rossella Roncoroni
- Human Genetics Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, 21100, Varese, Italy
| | - Antonino Bruno
- Immunology and General Pathology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, 21100, Varese, Italy
- IRCCS MultiMedica, Milan, 20138, Italy
| | - Eliana Piantanida
- Endocrine Unit, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, ASST dei Sette Laghi, 21100, Varese, Italy
| | - Luigi Bartalena
- Endocrine Unit, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, ASST dei Sette Laghi, 21100, Varese, Italy
| | - Maria Laura Tanda
- Endocrine Unit, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, ASST dei Sette Laghi, 21100, Varese, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Mortara
- Immunology and General Pathology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, 21100, Varese, Italy
| | - Francesco Acquati
- Human Genetics Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, 21100, Varese, Italy
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Zawadzka-Starczewska K, Stasiak B, Wojciechowska-Durczyńska K, Lewiński A, Stasiak M. Novel Insight into Non-Genetic Risk Factors of Graves' Orbitopathy. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022; 19:16941. [PMID: 36554821 PMCID: PMC9779411 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192416941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
An assessment of the risk of Graves' orbitopathy (GO) is an important challenge in Graves' disease (GD) management. The purpose of this study was to compare non-genetic parameters in GD patients with and without GO in order to find novel risk factors and to verify the factors already reported. A total number of 161 people, 70 with GO and 91 non-GO patients were included in this study. GO was confirmed to be associated with smoking, older age, higher TSH receptor antibodies (TRAb) and lower thyroglobulin antibody (TgAb) levels and hypercholesterolemia. We demonstrated the latter correlation even for only a mild increase in LDL cholesterol. Importantly, our study provides novel potential GO risk factors, including higher serum creatinine levels, higher MCV and lower PLT. If further confirmed, these new, simple and easily accessible potential GO markers may constitute valuable auxiliary markers in GO risk assessments. We additionally proved that in moderate to severe GO, gender-related differences attenuate. No impact of vitamin D deficiency in GO development in patients with 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] > 20 ng/mL was found. The present report provides a set of GO risk factors, which can be used as a precise tool for an individual GO risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Zawadzka-Starczewska
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Polish Mother’s Memorial-Hospital Research Institute, 281/289 Rzgowska St., 93-338 Lodz, Poland
| | - Bartłomiej Stasiak
- Institute of Information Technology, Lodz University of Technology, 215 Wolczanska St., 90-924 Lodz, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Wojciechowska-Durczyńska
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Polish Mother’s Memorial-Hospital Research Institute, 281/289 Rzgowska St., 93-338 Lodz, Poland
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Medical University of Lodz, 281/289 Rzgowska St., 93-338 Lodz, Poland
| | - Andrzej Lewiński
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Polish Mother’s Memorial-Hospital Research Institute, 281/289 Rzgowska St., 93-338 Lodz, Poland
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Medical University of Lodz, 281/289 Rzgowska St., 93-338 Lodz, Poland
| | - Magdalena Stasiak
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Polish Mother’s Memorial-Hospital Research Institute, 281/289 Rzgowska St., 93-338 Lodz, Poland
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Li W, Jiang H, Chen X, Yang K, Deng X, Tang Z, Hu Z, Zhang X, Lin S, Zou Y, Wu H. The variants in PTPRB, TRAF3IP3, and DISC1 genes were associated with Graves' disease in the Chinese population. Medicine (Baltimore) 2022; 101:e31501. [PMID: 36397361 PMCID: PMC9666212 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000031501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Previously, a case series study was conducted on our part in which 5 patients with Graves' disease (GD) were collected from a 3-generation family to screen for susceptibility genes responsible for GD. The single nucleotide variants of Microtubule-associated protein 7 domain containing 2 c. 452C > T, p. Ala151Val, Solute carrier family 1 member 7 c. 1204C > T, p. Arg402Cys, tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 3 interacting protein 3 (TRAF3IP3) c. 209A > T, p. Asn70Ile, protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor type B (PTPRB) c. 3472A > G, p. Ser1158Gly, Phosphoinositide-3-kinase regulatory subunit 3 c. 121C > T, p. Pro41Ser, disrupted in schizophrenia 1 (DISC1), c. 1591G > C p. Gly531Arg were associated with the familial GD. We then further confirmed these variants and investigated whether other mutations render susceptibility to GD. The case-control study collected patients with sporadic GD or no GD family history. A snapshot program was used for genotyping the selected SNPs in 235 GD patients (GD group 1) and 284 healthy patients (control group). Furthermore, another 184 GD patients were recruited (GD group 2) to sequence the specified exons of these genes. The sequenced data was compared with Chinese Millionome Database (CMDB). Several variants of PTPRB, phosphoinositide-3-kinase regulatory subunit 3, TRAF3IP3, and DISC1 were found in GD group 2 but not in CMDB. Moreover, the allele frequency of SNP rs2076150 (TRAF3IP3) and rs2492367 DISC1 in GD group 2 was significantly higher than that of in CMDB (all P < .05). When the control group or CMDB was set as a reference group, a significantly higher frequency in alter allele C of SNP rs186466118 PTPRB was observed in GD group 1 and GD group (constituted by GD group 1 and GD group 2). Equally importantly, there was a correlation between the allele C of SNP rs186466118 and the increased risk of GD susceptibility (all P < .05). PTPRB, TRAF3IP3, and DISC1 may be susceptibility genes for GD, and more variants of PTPRB, TRAF3IP3, and DISC1 were found in GD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- Huizhou Health Sciences Polytechnic, Huizhou, China
| | | | - Xu Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Kevin Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xindan Deng
- Huizhou Health Sciences Polytechnic, Huizhou, China
| | - Zheng Tang
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Zhihui Hu
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Xiaodan Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Shihan Lin
- Huizhou Health Sciences Polytechnic, Huizhou, China
| | - Yuanlin Zou
- Huizhou Health Sciences Polytechnic, Huizhou, China
| | - Hui Wu
- Huizhou Health Sciences Polytechnic, Huizhou, China
- *Correspondence: Hui Wu, Clinical School, Huizhou Health Sciences Polytechnic, Huizhou, China (e-mail: )
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Zhang Y, Wei J, Zhou H, Li B, Chen Y, Qian F, Liu J, Xie X, Xu H. Identification of two potential immune-related biomarkers of Graves' disease based on integrated bioinformatics analyses. Endocrine 2022; 78:306-314. [PMID: 35962894 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-022-03156-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Graves' disease (GD) is an autoimmune disease, the incidence of which is increasing yearly. GD requires long-life therapy. Therefore, the potential immune-related biomarkers of GD need to be studied. METHOD In our study, differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were derived from the online Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) microarray expression dataset GSE71956. Protein‒protein interaction (PPI) network analyses were used to identify hub genes, which were validated by qPCR. GSEA was used to screen potential pathways and related immune cells. Next, CIBERSORT analysis was used to further explore the immune subtype distribution pattern among hub genes. ROC curves were used to analyze the specificity and sensitivity of hub genes. RESULT 44 DEGs were screened from the GEO dataset. Two hub genes, EEF1A1 and EIF4B, were obtained from the PPI network and validated by qPCR (p < 0.05). GSEA was conducted to identify potential pathways and immune cells related to these the two hub genes. Immune cell subtype analysis revealed that hub genes had extensive associations with many different types of immune cells, particularly resting memory CD4+ T cells. AUCs of ROC analysis were 0.687 and 0.733 for EEF1A1 and EIF4B, respectively. CONCLUSION Our study revealed two hub genes, EEF1A1 and EIF4B, that are associated with resting memory CD4+ T cells and potential immune-related molecular biomarkers and therapeutic targets of GD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihan Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Center for Microbiota and Immunological Diseases, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 100 Haining Road, Shanghai, 200080, China
| | - Jia Wei
- Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China
| | - Hong Zhou
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Center for Microbiota and Immunological Diseases, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 100 Haining Road, Shanghai, 200080, China
| | - Bingxin Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Center for Microbiota and Immunological Diseases, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 100 Haining Road, Shanghai, 200080, China
| | - Ying Chen
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Center for Microbiota and Immunological Diseases, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 100 Haining Road, Shanghai, 200080, China
| | - Feng Qian
- Engineering Research Center of Cell and Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Jingting Liu
- Engineering Research Center of Cell and Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Xin Xie
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Traditional Chinese and Medicine Integrated Hospital, 18 Baoding Road, Hongkou District, Shanghai, 200080, China.
| | - Huanbai Xu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Center for Microbiota and Immunological Diseases, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 100 Haining Road, Shanghai, 200080, China.
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35
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Liang D, Han M, Xu L, Ren Y, Zhang Y, Yin J, Yang J, Liu Y. Rare combination of simple virilizing form of 21-hydroxylase deficiency, Graves' disease and 47, XXX in a woman: A case report. Medicine (Baltimore) 2022; 101:e31443. [PMID: 36316845 PMCID: PMC9622681 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000031443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Coexistence of congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency, Graves' disease and 47, XXX is rare. We report a case of a 25-year-old woman presented with masculine appearance, hirsutism and enlarged clitoris. Lab tests showed elevated serum 17 hydroxyprogesterone, testosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone. Gene test revealed heterozygous gene mutation in CYP21A2:NM_000500:exon4:c.518 T > A, NM_000500:exon8:c.C1024T. Karyotype analysis showed 47, XXX. After prednisone replacement and antithyroid therapy, she got a normal menstruation and normal level of testosterone. These findings demonstrate that patients with abnormal chromosome are likely to combine 21-hydroxylase deficiency (21-OHD), thus karyotyping test should not be neglected for those who have been already diagnosed as 21-OHD. Additionally, chromosomal abnormality such as 47, XXX and Turner syndrome had susceptibility to develop autoimmune thyroid disease because a gene on X chromosome may be responsible for the occurrence of autoimmune thyroid disease. Moreover, both 21-OHD and Graves' disease (GD) can lead to high level of testosterone, thus we should keep in mind to test chromosome and thyroid function in 21-OHD patients to avoid misdiagnose or missed diagnosis. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of simple virilizing (SV) 21-OHD patient combined with 47, XXX and Graves disease. PATIENT CONCERNS A 24-years-old female of Han ethnicity was admitted to the endocrinology department complaining of absence of menses for half a year. The patient didn't noticed her enlarged clitoris until she was 17 years old. Her menarche was 16 years old and the final height was 163 centimeter. She was diagnosed with GD 2 months before admission to our hospital due to palpitation, heat intolerance, muscle weakness. DIAGNOSES The patient was diagnosed with SV 21-OHD, Graves disease and 47, XXX. INTERVENTIONS At first, the patient was given 10 mg methimazole twice a day as well as 5 mg predisone in the morning and 2.5 mg in the evening. After a year of regular medication and reexamination, she got a regular menstruation and thyroid function and now is taking 2.5 mg prednisone twice a day. OUTCOMES The patient got a regular menstruation and thyroid function. Laboratory results showed: testosterone declined to 0.1nmol/L (0.1-1.67nmol/L) and 17 hydroxyprogesterone get back to normal level: 1.01ng/ml (0.30-2.34ng/mL). However, her enlarged clitoris has not narrowed. LESSONS Patients with abnormal chromosome are likely to combine 21-OHD, thus karyotyping test should not be neglected for those who have been already diagnosed as 21-OHD. Additionally, chromosomal abnormality such as 47, XXX and Turner syndrome had susceptibility to develop autoimmune thyroid disease because a gene on X chromosome may be responsible for the occurrence of autoimmune thyroid disease. Moreover, both 21-OHD and GD can lead to high level of testosterone, thus we should keep in mind to test chromosome and thyroid function in 21-OHD patients to avoid misdiagnose or missed diagnosis. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of SV 21-OHD patient combined with 47, XXX and Graves disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Liang
- Department of Endocrinology, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Minmin Han
- Department of Endocrinology, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Linxin Xu
- Department of Endocrinology, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yi Ren
- Department of Endocrinology, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Jianhong Yin
- Department of Endocrinology, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yunfeng Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
- * Correspondence: Yunfeng Liu, Department of Endocrinology, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Jiefang Road 85, Taiyuan 030000, China (e-mail: )
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Wang Y, Jin Z, Sun J, Chen X, Xie P, Zhou Y, Wang S. The role of activated monocyte IFN/SIGLEC1 signalling in Graves' disease. J Endocrinol 2022; 255:1-9. [PMID: 35695299 DOI: 10.1530/joe-21-0453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Graves' disease (GD) is characterized by dysregulation of the immune system with aberrant immune cell function. However, there have been few previous studies on the role of monocytes in the pathology of GD. The object of this study was to investigate whether and how monocytes participate in GD pathology. CD14+ monocytes were isolated from untreated initial GD patients and healthy controls. Then, RNA-seq was performed to investigate changes in global mRNA expression in monocytes and found that type I interferon (IFN) signalling was among the top upregulated signalling pathways in GD monocytes. Type I IFN-induced sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-like lectin1 (SIGLEC1) expression was significantly upregulated in untreated GD patients and correlated with thyroid parameters. Patient serum SIGLEC1 concentrations were reduced after anti-thyroid drug treatment. Inhibiting SIGLEC1 expression could inhibit proinflammatory cytokine (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10 and M-CSF) expression in monocytes. In conclusion, our study suggested that type I IFN-mediated monocyte activation could have a deleterious effect on the pathogenesis of GD. These observations indicated that the inhibition of type I IFN-activated monocytes/macrophages could have a therapeutic effect on GD remission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanqiu Wang
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumor, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhou Jin
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumor, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiajun Sun
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumor, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinxin Chen
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Pu Xie
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumor, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yulin Zhou
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumor, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shu Wang
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumor, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Weiss K, Sousa CV, Knechtle B. Autoimmune hepatitis in monozygotic twins - a case report. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2022; 26:7533-7540. [PMID: 36314324 DOI: 10.26355/eurrev_202210_30024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Autoimmune hepatitis is a chronic liver disease caused by a dysfunctional immune system. It is widely believed that autoimmune hepatitis accumulates in families. We found that autoimmune hepatitis does accumulate in monozygotic twins. CASE REPORT We present middle-aged monozygotic female twins developing autoimmune hepatitis consecutively within two years. Both twins had developed Graves' disease and were treated with carbimazole before the onset of autoimmune hepatitis. Both were cigarette smokers. The twins were treated with budesonide and azathioprine, which normalised liver parameters. CONCLUSIONS This case report supports the hypothesis that a genetic factor might be of great importance in the aetiology of autoimmune hepatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Weiss
- Medbase St. Gallen Am Vadianplatz, St. Gallen, Switzerland.
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Ye M, Wang Y, Zhan Y. Genetic association of leukocyte telomere length with Graves’ disease in Biobank Japan: A two-sample Mendelian randomization study. Front Immunol 2022; 13:998102. [PMID: 36248806 PMCID: PMC9559571 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.998102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Telomere length (TL) has been recognized to be fundamental to the risk of autoimmune disorders. However, the role of leukocyte TL in Graves’ disease has not yet been fully elucidated. In the study, we exploited the two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) design to evaluate the causal effect of leukocyte TL on the risk of Graves’ disease. Methods Genome-wide association study (GWAS) data of leukocyte TL from the Singapore Chinese Health Study (SCHS) cohort and Graves’ disease from Biobank Japan (BBJ, 2176 cases and 210,277 controls) were analyzed. Nine single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were selected as instrumental variables (IVs) for TL. We used the inverse variance weighted (IVW) approach as the main estimator and MR-Egger regression, weighted median, simple mode, and weighed mode methods as complementary estimators. Horizontal pleiotropy was assessed using the intercept from MR-Egger. Results The analysis demonstrated that genetically predicted longer leukocyte TL was causally associated with a lower risk of Graves’ disease using the IVW method (odds ratio [OR]: 1.64, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.23-2.17, P=2.27e-04, and other complementary MR approaches achieved similar results. The intercept from the MR-Egger analysis provided no noticeable evidence of horizontal pleiotropy (β=0.02, P=0.641). MR-PRESSO method reported no outliers (P=0.266). Conclusions Our results provided evidence to support a genetic predisposition to shorter leukocyte TL with an increased risk of Graves’ disease. Further studies are warranted to explore the mechanism underlying the association.
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Merakchi K, Djerbib S, Soleimani M, Dumont JE, Miot F, De Deken X. Murine Thyroid IL-4 Expression Worsens Hypothyroidism on Iodine Restriction and Mitigates Graves Disease Development. Endocrinology 2022; 163:6650252. [PMID: 35881515 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqac107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Cytokines are known to perturb thyroid function and the role of interleukin-4 (IL-4) in the pathogenesis of Graves disease (GD) remains controversial. In our mouse model overexpressing IL-4 in thyrocytes (Thyr-IL4), we have reported that adult mice preserved normal serum thyroxine despite an iodide uptake defect. In the present work, we evaluated if iodine restriction could uncover the thyroid deficiency in Thyr-IL4 animals as well as the role of pendrin overexpression as a compensatory mechanism. Moreover, using an experimental model of GD we investigated the effect of a local expression of IL-4 on the incidence of hyperthyroidism. Thyr-IL4 mice developed more rapidly elevated serum thyrotropin under low-iodine supply with thyroid enlargement and classical histological modifications. These hallmarks of hypothyroidism were all enhanced in Thyr-IL4 mice with complete pendrin invalidation. Following immunization, a lower proportion of Thyr-IL4 animals developed hyperthyroidism. Surprisingly, immunized Thyr-IL4 animals presented numerous leukocyte infiltrates, associated with increased intrathyroidal expression of IFN-γ. We have demonstrated that thyroid deficiency in Thyr-IL4 mice is partially compensated for by the excessive iodide content of the standard chow and the overexpression of pendrin in these animals. Furthermore, we have shown that the local expression of IL-4 in the thyroid attenuates GD progression, which was associated with enhanced thyroid infiltration by immune cells that could negatively affect thyroid function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karima Merakchi
- Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire en Biologie Humaine et Moléculaire (IRIBHM), Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 1070 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sami Djerbib
- Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire en Biologie Humaine et Moléculaire (IRIBHM), Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 1070 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Manoocher Soleimani
- Department of Medicine, University of New Mexico, School of Medicine, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87106, USA
| | - Jacques-Emile Dumont
- Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire en Biologie Humaine et Moléculaire (IRIBHM), Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 1070 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Françoise Miot
- Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire en Biologie Humaine et Moléculaire (IRIBHM), Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 1070 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Xavier De Deken
- Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire en Biologie Humaine et Moléculaire (IRIBHM), Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 1070 Brussels, Belgium
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Ip PP, Fang LH, Shen YL, Tung KC, Lai MT, Juan LY, Chen LY, Chen RL. Evolution of Graves' Disease during Immune Reconstitution following Nonmyeloablative Haploidentical Peripheral Blood Stem Cell Transplantation in a Boy Carrying Germline SAMD9L and FLT3 Variants. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23169494. [PMID: 36012751 PMCID: PMC9409095 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23169494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Graves’ disease, characterized by hyperthyroidism resulting from loss of immune tolerance to thyroid autoantigens, may be attributable to both genetic and environmental factors. Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) represents a means to induce immunotolerance via an artificial immune environment. We present a male patient with severe aplastic anemia arising from a germline SAMD9L missense mutation who successfully underwent HSCT from his HLA-haploidentical SAMD9L non-mutated father together with nonmyeloablative conditioning and post-transplant cyclophosphamide at 8 years of age. He did not suffer graft-versus-host disease, but Graves’ disease evolved 10 months post-transplant when cyclosporine was discontinued for one month. Reconstitution of peripheral lymphocyte subsets was found to be transiently downregulated shortly after Graves’ disease onset but recovered upon antithyroid treatment. Our investigation revealed the presence of genetic factors associated with Graves’ disease, including HLA-B*46:01 and HLA-DRB1*09:01 haplotypes carried by the asymptomatic donor and germline FLT3 c.2500C>T mutation carried by both the patient and the donor. Given his current euthyroid state with normal hematopoiesis, the patient has returned to normal school life. This rare event of Graves’ disease in a young boy arising from special HSCT circumstances indicates that both the genetic background and the HSCT environment can prompt the evolution of Graves’ disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Peng Ip
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei City 115, Taiwan
| | - Li-Hua Fang
- Department of Pharmacy, Koo Foundation Sun Yat-Sen Cancer Center, Taipei City 112, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ling Shen
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei City 115, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Chiun Tung
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei City 115, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Tsong Lai
- Taiwan Genome Industry Alliance Inc., Taipei City 115, Taiwan
| | - Li-Ying Juan
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Koo Foundation Sun Yat-Sen Cancer Center, Taipei City 112, Taiwan
| | - Liuh-Yow Chen
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei City 115, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (L.-Y.C.); (R.-L.C.); Tel.: +886-2-2897-0011 (L.-Y.C. & R.-L.C.)
| | - Rong-Long Chen
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Koo Foundation Sun Yat-Sen Cancer Center, Taipei City 112, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (L.-Y.C.); (R.-L.C.); Tel.: +886-2-2897-0011 (L.-Y.C. & R.-L.C.)
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Jia X, Zhai TY, Wang B, Zhang JA, Song RH. High-throughput T cell receptor sequencing reveals differential immune repertoires in autoimmune thyroid diseases. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2022; 550:111644. [PMID: 35429598 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2022.111644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Autoimmune thyroid diseases (AITDs) are chronic autoimmune diseases specific to thyroid and mainly include Graves' disease (GD) and Hashimoto' thyroiditis (HT). The adaptive immunoreactivity of CD4+ T cells plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of AITDs, but very little has been known about its changes in disease status. METHODS We collected peripheral CD4+ T cells from 12 GD patients, including 6 newly diagnosed GD (NGD) and 6 refractory GD (RGD) patients, 6 HT patients and 6 healthy controls, and examined the gene expression profiles and colon types of T cells receptor (TCR) β chain complementarity determining region 3 (CDR3) using high-throughput sequencing. RESULTS The TCR repertoire were significantly expanded in AITDs groups, and some TCR genes were expressed more preferentially in AITDs group than in the healthy control group, including TRBV15 (P = 0.001), TRBV4-2 (P = 0.003), TRBV9 (P = 0.007), TRBV3-2 (P = 0.012), TRBV7-8 (P = 0.015), TRBV25-1 (P = 0.019), TRBV12-4 (P = 0.019) and TRBV27 (P = 0.02) in GD patients as well as TRBV29-1 (P = 0.004), TRBV12-4 (P = 0.004), TRBV6-5 (P = 0.011), TRBV7-2 (P = 0.012), TRBV27 (P = 0.012), TRBV9 (P = 0.031) and TRBV4-2 (P = 0.032) in HT patients. Moreover, subgroup analysis showed that the difference in the TCR spectrum between the normal group and NGD was not obvious, but a large number of differential genes appeared in the RGD group. CONCLUSION TCR spectrum has changed in patients with AITDs with expanded repertoire and many upregulated TRBV genes. Moreover, this difference is not apparent in GD patients at the initial stage, but as the disease progresses, the differences in TCR profiles became more pronounced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Jia
- Department of Endocrinology and Rheumatology, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, China
| | - Tian-Yu Zhai
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, China
| | - Bing Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Rheumatology, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, China
| | - Jin-An Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology and Rheumatology, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, China.
| | - Rong-Hua Song
- Department of Endocrinology and Rheumatology, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, China.
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Cai T, Wang G, Yang Y, Mu K, Zhang J, Jiang Y, Zhang JA. Association Between Polymorphisms of IL-23/IL-17 Pathway and Clinical Phenotypes of Autoimmune Thyroid Diseases. Iran J Immunol 2022; 19:139-149. [PMID: 35767887 DOI: 10.22034/iji.2022.93744.2255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several autoimmune and inflammatory disorders, including autoimmune thyroid diseases (AITD), have been linked to Th17 cells and the IL-23/IL-17 axis. Current data suggest that genetic variation contributes greatly to disease susceptibility to AITD. OBJECTIVES To study the role of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of IL-23/IL-17 pathway in AITD predisposition and test the gene-gene/gene-sex interactions in these loci. METHODS A total of 1051 patients with AITD, including 657 patients with Graves' disease (GD) and 394 patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT), and 874 healthy controls were enrolled in this case-control association study. Six SNPs were selected and genotyped by multiplex PCR combined with high-throughput sequencing. Interactions were tested by the general multifactor dimensionality reduction (GMDR) method. RESULTS Allele C and combinational genotype AC+CC of rs3212227 within IL-23 were significantly associated with GD with goiter (p=0.003 and 0.014, respectively). Allele G and combinational genotype AG+GG of rs4819554 within IL-17RA were significantly related to HT with family history and the severity of HT (p=0.011 and 0.027; p=0.041 and 0.035). Also, allele T and genotype CT+TT of rs9463772 within IL-17F were significantly correlated with the severity of HT (p=0.001 and 0.027, respectively). Moreover, high dimensional gene-sex interaction (IL-23R-IL-23-IL-17RA-IL-17F-sex) was identified in AITD, GD, and HT patients with GMDR analysis. CONCLUSIONS Our study identified the novel loci and gene-sex interaction in AITD. This evidence, from another perspective, suggests that sex, IL-23/IL-17 pathway, and Th17 cells play an important role in the pathogenesis of AITD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiantian Cai
- Graduate School, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, People's Republic of China
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Nakajima T, Yoshifuji H, Yamano Y, Yurugi K, Miura Y, Maekawa T, Yoshida T, Handa H, Ohmura K, Mimori T, Terao C. Co-occurrence of relapsing polychondritis and autoimmune thyroid diseases. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2022; 17:101. [PMID: 35534869 PMCID: PMC9087919 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-022-02261-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Relapsing polychondritis (RP) is a rare inflammatory disease characterized by recurrent inflammation and destruction of cartilaginous tissues. RP has characteristics of autoimmune disease and some reports have noted co-occurrence with autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD), consisting of Graves' disease (GD) and Hashimoto thyroiditis (HT). However, there have been no detailed studies on the co-occurrence of RP and AITD. In this study, we aimed to determine whether patients with RP tend to be complicated with AITD. We also analyzed the clinical and genetic profiles of patients in whom these diseases co-occur. METHODS We recruited 117 patients with RP and reviewed their medical records. Furthermore, we genotyped Human Leucocyte Antigen (HLA)-A, B Cw, DRB1, DQB1, and DPB1 alleles for 93 of the 117 patients. The prevalence of AITD among the patients with RP was compared with that among the general Japanese population. We also analyzed the clinical and genetic features of the patients with both RP and AITD. RESULTS The prevalence of GD among the patients with RP was 4.3% (5 among 117 patients), significantly higher than that among Japanese (0.11%) (p = 2.44 × 10-7, binomial test). RP patients with GD tended to have nasal involvement (p = 0.023) (odds ratio (OR) 2.58) and HLA-DPB1*02:02 (p = 0.035, OR 10.41). We did not find significant enrichment of HT in patients with RP. CONCLUSIONS Patients with RP appear to be at elevated risk of GD. Nasal involvement and HLA-DPB1*02:02 characterize the subset of RP patients with GD, which may guide attempts to characterize a distinct subtype of RP for precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiki Nakajima
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Tazuke Kofukai Medical Research Institute, Kitano Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hajime Yoshifuji
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yoshihisa Yamano
- Department of Rare Diseases Research, Institute of Medical Science, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
- Division of Neurology, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Kimiko Yurugi
- Department of Transfusion Medicine and Cell Therapy, Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yasuo Miura
- Department of Transfusion Medicine and Cell Therapy, Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Taira Maekawa
- Department of Transfusion Medicine and Cell Therapy, Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tsuneyasu Yoshida
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Handa
- Division of Respiratory and Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Koichiro Ohmura
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tsuneyo Mimori
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
- Ijinkai Takeda General Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Chikashi Terao
- Laboratory for Statistical and Translational Genetics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Kanagawa, 230-0045 Japan
- Clinical Research Center, Shizuoka General Hospital, Shizuoka, Japan
- The Department of Applied Genetics, University of Shizuoka School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shizuoka, Japan
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Wang W, Yu ZY, Song RH, He ST, Shi LF, Zhang JA. Polymorphisms of ATG5 Gene Are Associated with Autoimmune Thyroid Diseases, Especially Thyroid Eye Disease. J Immunol Res 2022; 2022:3881417. [PMID: 35518570 PMCID: PMC9064513 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3881417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To explore the association of ATG5 gene polymorphisms with autoimmune thyroid diseases (AITDs) including Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) and Graves' illness (GD) as well as their clinical features. Methods rs6568431, rs548234, and rs6937876 were selected to investigate the correlation of single-nucleotide polymorphisms of ATG5 gene with AITDs. Their frequencies in 824 AITD patients, including 271 HT patients and 553 GD patients, and 764 healthy controls were tested using both ligase detection reaction and multiplex polymerase chain reaction. Results Allele A frequency of rs6568431 in AITDs patients (p = 0.016, OR = 1.201, 95% CI = 1.034 - 1.394) and allele G frequency of rs6937876 in AITDs patients (p = 0.009, OR = 1.223, 95% CI = 1.052 - 1.422) and in GD patients (p = 0.009, OR = 1.247, 95% CI = 1.056 - 1.473) were significantly higher than those in the healthy controls. The frequency of G allele (p = 5.42E - 18, OR = 0.242, 95% CI = 0.173 - 0.339) of rs6937876 was significantly higher in GD patients with ophthalmopathy. However, no relationship was found between family history, age onset, and the three SNPs. Conclusion The study is the first to reveal the association between AITDs and ATG5 polymorphisms, and ATG5 gene is considered as a predisposing gene to AITDs, especially GDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, No. 1500 Zhouyuan Road, Pudong District, Shanghai, China 201318
- Department of Endocrinology, Jinshan Hospital of Fudan University, No. 1508 Longhang Road, Jinshan District, Shanghai, China 201508
| | - Zheng-yao Yu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Shanghai Songjiang District Central Hospital, No. 746 Middle Zhongshan Road, Shanghai, China 201600
| | - Rong-hua Song
- Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, No. 1500 Zhouyuan Road, Pudong District, Shanghai, China 201318
| | - Shuang-tao He
- Department of Endocrinology, Jinshan Hospital of Fudan University, No. 1508 Longhang Road, Jinshan District, Shanghai, China 201508
| | - Liang-feng Shi
- Department of Endocrinology, Jinshan Hospital of Fudan University, No. 1508 Longhang Road, Jinshan District, Shanghai, China 201508
| | - Jin-an Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, No. 1500 Zhouyuan Road, Pudong District, Shanghai, China 201318
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Chen Y, Dong B, Huang L, Zhou J, Huang H. Research progress on the role and mechanism of action of exosomes in autoimmune thyroid disease. Int Rev Immunol 2022; 42:334-346. [PMID: 35353670 DOI: 10.1080/08830185.2022.2057482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Exosomes are widely distributed extracellular vesicles (EVs), which are currently a major research hotspot for researchers based on their wide range of sources, stable membrane structure, low immunogenicity, and containing a variety of biomolecules. A large number of literatures have shown that exosomes and exosome cargoes (especially microRNAs) play an important role in the activation of inflammation, development of tumor, differentiation of cells, regulation of immunity and so on. Studies have found that exosomes can stimulate the immune response of the body and participate in the occurrence and development of various diseases, including autoimmune diseases. Furthermore, the potential of exosomes as therapeutic tools in various diseases has also attracted much attention. Autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD) is one of the most common autoimmune diseases, mainly composed of Graves' disease (GD) and Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT), which affects the health of many people and has a genetic predisposition, but its pathogenesis is still being explored. Starting from the relevant biological characteristics of exosomes, this review summarizes the current research status of exosomes and the association between exosomes and some diseases, with a focus on the situation of AITD and the potential role of exosomes (including substances in their vesicles) in AITD in combination with the current published literature, aiming to provide new directions for the pathogenesis, diagnosis or therapy of AITD.Supplemental data for this article is available online at.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuping Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Bingtian Dong
- Department of Ultrasound, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Lichun Huang
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Jingxiong Zhou
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Huibin Huang
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian, China
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Shahida B, Tsoumani K, Planck T, Modhukur V, Asp P, Sundlöv A, Tennvall J, Åsman P, Lindgren O, Lantz M. Increased risk of Graves´ophthalmopathy in patients with increasing TRAb after radioiodine treatment and the impact of CTLA4 on TRAb titres. Endocrine 2022; 75:856-864. [PMID: 34859391 PMCID: PMC8888513 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-021-02952-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Treatment of Graves´ disease (GD) with radioiodine increases the risk of developing Graves´ ophthalmopathy (GO), and the link between thyroid and orbital tissue may be the presence of TSH-receptors. Radioiodine increases the titers of TRAb and the aim was to investigate the relationship between GO and TRAb titers after treatment with radioiodine and to define the impact of risk genes. METHODS GD patients without ophthalmopathy or previous treatment with radioiodine were prospectively included at treatment with radioiodine for hyperthyroidism. A follow-up was performed 1 year later for the registration of GO development. The study was performed at a University Hospital Clinic; a referral center of all patients treated with radioiodine in the south of Sweden. The main outcome measures were the development of TRAb, anti-TPO, and anti-TG after 3 months and GO after 12 months and relationship to the genetic background (HLA, CTLA-4, and CYR61). RESULTS Three months of radioiodine TRAb titers increased in two thirds of patients (p < 0.0005) but not in the other third. Anti-TPO titers were associated with TRAb (R = 0.362, p < 0.0001) but not anti-TG. At follow-up 1 year later (n = 204) 32 patients developed GO with a proportion of 70% in the group increasing in TRAb titers and 30% in the group with unchanged or lower TRAb titers (p-value < 0.0005). Patients with GO had higher titers of TRAb than patients without GO. CTLA-4 (rs231775 SNP) was significantly (p < 0.005) associated with TRAb titers above the median three months after radioiodine. CONCLUSIONS The increase in TRAb titers after treatment with radioiodine is associated with GO and a genetic variation in CTLA-4 is associated with higher titers of TRAb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bushra Shahida
- Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Diabetes and Endocrinology, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Kleoniki Tsoumani
- Department of Endocrinology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, Malmö and Lund, Sweden
| | - Tereza Planck
- Department of Endocrinology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, Malmö and Lund, Sweden
| | - Vijayachitra Modhukur
- Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Diabetes and Endocrinology, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Pernilla Asp
- Department of Oncology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Anna Sundlöv
- Department of Oncology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Jan Tennvall
- Department of Oncology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Peter Åsman
- Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Ophthalmology, Skåne University Hospital, Department of Ophthalmology, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Ola Lindgren
- Department of Endocrinology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, Malmö and Lund, Sweden
| | - Mikael Lantz
- Department of Endocrinology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, Malmö and Lund, Sweden.
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Sutoh Y, Komaki S, Yamaji T, Suzuki S, Katagiri R, Sawada N, Ono K, Ohmomo H, Hachiya T, Otsuka-Yamasaki Y, Takashima A, Umekage S, Iwasaki M, Shimizu A. Low MICA Gene Expression Confers an Increased Risk of Graves' Disease: A Mendelian Randomization Study. Thyroid 2022; 32:188-195. [PMID: 34861792 DOI: 10.1089/thy.2021.0417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Background: Expression of natural killer group 2 member D (NKG2D) ligand (NKG2DL) plays a major role as a "danger signal" on stressed cells to promote removal of the latter by NKG2D-expressing cytotoxic lymphocytes. NKG2DL expression has been found in peripheral immune cells as well, such as in macrophages; however, the effect of this expression is yet to be determined. Methods: We determined instrumental variables (IVs; R2 <0.01 in linkage disequilibrium), explaining the major variance in major histocompatibility complex class I chain-related protein A (MICA) and B (MICB) gene expression levels from the expression-quantitative trait locus (eQTL) of NKG2DLs based on the RNA-seq analysis of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from 381 Japanese. Simultaneously, the target outcomes were filtered by PheWAS from 58 health risks, using a community-based cohort study composed of 44,739 Japanese residents. Finally, we estimated the causal effect of gene expression levels on the outcomes using the Mendelian randomization approach. Results: We determined nine and four IVs, explaining 87.6% and 33.0% of MICA and MICB gene expression levels, respectively. In the association test, we identified 10 or 13 significant outcomes associated with the MICA or MICB eQTLs, respectively, as well as the causal effect of MICA expression on Graves' disease (GD) (p = 4.2 × 10-3; odds ratio per 1 S.D. difference in the expression: 0.983 [confidence interval: 0.971-0.995]), using the weighted median estimator, without significant pleiotropy (p > 0.05), and the results were consistent across the sensitivity analyses. Conclusions: Our study provide novel evidence associating NKG2DL expression with GD, an autoimmune thyroiditis; direction of the effect indicated the immunoregulatory role of MICA expression in PBMCs, suggesting the importance of further functional assays in inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoichi Sutoh
- Division of Biomedical Information Analysis, Iwate Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Disaster Reconstruction Center, Iwate Medical University, Yahaba, Japan
| | - Shohei Komaki
- Division of Biomedical Information Analysis, Iwate Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Disaster Reconstruction Center, Iwate Medical University, Yahaba, Japan
| | - Taiki Yamaji
- Epidemiology and Prevention Group, Center for Public Health Sciences, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shiori Suzuki
- Epidemiology and Prevention Group, Center for Public Health Sciences, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan
- Division of Cancer Medicine, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryoko Katagiri
- Epidemiology and Prevention Group, Center for Public Health Sciences, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Norie Sawada
- Epidemiology and Prevention Group, Center for Public Health Sciences, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kanako Ono
- Division of Biomedical Information Analysis, Iwate Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Disaster Reconstruction Center, Iwate Medical University, Yahaba, Japan
| | - Hideki Ohmomo
- Division of Biomedical Information Analysis, Iwate Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Disaster Reconstruction Center, Iwate Medical University, Yahaba, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Hachiya
- Division of Biomedical Information Analysis, Iwate Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Disaster Reconstruction Center, Iwate Medical University, Yahaba, Japan
| | - Yayoi Otsuka-Yamasaki
- Division of Biomedical Information Analysis, Iwate Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Disaster Reconstruction Center, Iwate Medical University, Yahaba, Japan
| | - Akira Takashima
- Division of Biomedical Information Analysis, Iwate Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Disaster Reconstruction Center, Iwate Medical University, Yahaba, Japan
| | - So Umekage
- Division of Biomedical Information Analysis, Iwate Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Disaster Reconstruction Center, Iwate Medical University, Yahaba, Japan
| | - Motoki Iwasaki
- Epidemiology and Prevention Group, Center for Public Health Sciences, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Atsushi Shimizu
- Division of Biomedical Information Analysis, Iwate Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Disaster Reconstruction Center, Iwate Medical University, Yahaba, Japan
- Biomedical Laboratory Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Iwate Medical University, Yahaba, Japan
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Hasan GA, Altamemi IA. CTLA-4 POLYMORPHISM ALONG WITH PROINFLAMMATORY CYTOKINES IN AUTOIMMUNE THYROIDITIS DISEASE. Wiad Lek 2022; 75:577-583. [PMID: 35522861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim: Evaluating serum concentration of IL-17 and IL-23 in autoimmune thyroiditis patient and control group along with the role of CTLA-4 rs3087243 gene polymorphism. PATIENTS AND METHODS Materials and methods: A case control study was conducted in 30 HT (Hashimoto's thyroiditis), 30 GD (Graves' disease) who attended the consultant clinic for thyroiditis in AL-Diwaniyah teaching hospital and in 30 people as control group. Blood samples were processed for measurement of serum IL-17 and IL-23 using ELISA test. The second part used for DNA extraction then CTLA-4 polymorphism was detected by Allele - specific PCR assay. RESULTS Results: The level of IL-17, and IL23 was highest in patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis and Graves' disease, followed by control group and the difference was highly significant (p< 0.001; p< 0.001) respectively; however, the difference between patients Hashimoto's thyroiditis and patients with Graves' disease was not significant (p > 0.05; p > 0.05) respectively. There was no significant association between rs3087243 gene polymorphism and Hashimoto's thyroiditis (p> 0.05), no significant association between rs3087243 gene polymorphism and Graves' disease (p> 0.05). Moreover, there was no significant difference in rs3087243 genotypes frequencies between Hashimoto's thyroiditis and Graves' disease (p> 0.05). CONCLUSION Conclusions: Serum IL-17 and IL-23 level have been linked with autoimmune thyroiditis disease, while CTLA-4 rs3087243 polymorphism seem to have no role in disease susceptibility in Iraqi population.
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Liao WL, Liu TY, Cheng CF, Chou YP, Wang TY, Chang YW, Chen SY, Tsai FJ. Analysis of HLA Variants and Graves' Disease and Its Comorbidities Using a High Resolution Imputation System to Examine Electronic Medical Health Records. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:842673. [PMID: 35321340 PMCID: PMC8936090 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.842673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperthyroidism is a prevalent endocrine disorder, and genetics play a major role in the development of thyroid-associated diseases. In particular, the inheritance of HLA has been demonstrated to induce the highest susceptibility to Graves' disease (GD). However, thus far, no studies have reported the contribution of HLA to the development of GD and the complications that follow. Thus, in the present study, to the best of our knowledge, for the first time, a powerful imputation method, HIBAG, was used to predict the HLA subtypes among populations with available genome-wide SNP array data from the China Medical University Hospital (CMUH). The disease status was extracted from the CMUH electronic medical records; a total of 2,998 subjects with GD were identified as the cases to be tested and 29,083 subjects without any diagnosis of thyroid disorders were randomly selected as the controls. A total of 12 HLA class I genotypes (HLA-A*02:07-*11:01, HLA-B*40:01-*46:01 and *46:01-*46:01, and HLA-C*01:02-*01:02, *01:02-*03:04, and *01:02-*07:02) and 17 HLA class II genotypes (HLA-DPA1*02:02-*02:02, HLA-DPB1*02:01-*05:01, *02:02-*05:01, and *04:01-*05:01, HLA-DQA1*03:02, HLA-DRB1*09:01-*15:01, and *09:01-*09:01) were found to be associated with GD in the Taiwanese population. Moreover, the HLA subtypes HLA-A*11:01, HLA-B*46:01, HLA-DPA1*01:03, and HLA-DPB1*05:01 were found to be associated with heart disease, stroke, diabetes, and hypertension among subjects with GD. Our data suggest that several HLA alleles are markedly associated with GD and its comorbidities, including heart disease, hypertension, and diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Ling Liao
- Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Center for Personalized Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Yuan Liu
- Center for Precision Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Fung Cheng
- Genetic Center, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Pao Chou
- Center for Precision Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Yuan Wang
- Division of Endocrine and Metabolism, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Wen Chang
- Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Genetic Center, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Yin Chen
- Genetic Center, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- *Correspondence: Shih-Yin Chen, ; Fuu-Jen Tsai,
| | - Fuu-Jen Tsai
- Genetic Center, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- *Correspondence: Shih-Yin Chen, ; Fuu-Jen Tsai,
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Comarella AP, Vilagellin D, Bufalo NE, Euflauzino JF, de Souza Teixeira E, Miklos ABPP, Dos Santos RB, Romaldini JH, Ward LS. The polymorphic inheritance of DIO2 rs225014 may predict body weight variation after Graves' disease treatment. Arch Endocrinol Metab 2021; 64:787-795. [PMID: 33049131 PMCID: PMC10528618 DOI: 10.20945/2359-3997000000295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We aimed to investigate the role of DIO2 polymorphisms rs225014 and rs12885300 in Graves' disease patients, mainly for controlling body weight following treatment. METHODS We genotyped 280 GD patients by the time of diagnosis and 297 healthy control individuals using a TaqMan SNP Genotyping technique. We followed up 141 patients for 18.94 ± 6.59 months after treatment. RESULTS There was no relationship between the investigated polymorphisms with susceptibility to GD and gain or loss of weight after GD treatment. However, the polymorphic inheritance (CC+CT genotype) of DIO2 rs225014 was associated with a lower body weight variation after GD treatment (4.26 ± 6.25 kg) when compared to wild type TT genotype (6.34 ± 7.26 kg; p = 0.0456 adjusted for the follow-up time). This data was confirmed by a multivariate analysis (p = 0.0138) along with a longer follow-up period (p = 0.0228), older age (p = 0.0306), treatment with radioiodine (p-value = 0.0080) and polymorphic inheritance of DIO2 rs12885300 (p = 0.0306). CONCLUSION We suggest that DIO2 rs225014 genotyping may have an auxiliary role in predicting the post-treatment weight behavior of GD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Paula Comarella
- Laboratório de Genética Molecular do Câncer, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (Unicamp), Campinas, SP, Brasil,
| | - Danilo Vilagellin
- Endocrinologia e Metabolismo, Faculdade de Medicina, Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Campinas (PUC-Campinas), Campinas, SP, Brasil
| | - Natassia Elena Bufalo
- Laboratório de Genética Molecular do Câncer, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (Unicamp), Campinas, SP, Brasil
| | - Jessica Ferreira Euflauzino
- Endocrinologia e Metabolismo, Faculdade de Medicina, Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Campinas (PUC-Campinas), Campinas, SP, Brasil
| | - Elisangela de Souza Teixeira
- Laboratório de Genética Molecular do Câncer, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (Unicamp), Campinas, SP, Brasil
| | | | - Roberto Bernardo Dos Santos
- Endocrinologia e Metabolismo, Faculdade de Medicina, Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Campinas (PUC-Campinas), Campinas, SP, Brasil
| | - João H Romaldini
- Endocrinologia e Metabolismo, Faculdade de Medicina, Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Campinas (PUC-Campinas), Campinas, SP, Brasil
| | - Laura S Ward
- Laboratório de Genética Molecular do Câncer, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (Unicamp), Campinas, SP, Brasil
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