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Gulcelik NE, Akin S, Aydin K, Aydin Mericoz C, Guler Tezel YG, Usman A. The role of vascular endothelial growth factor in the development of papillary thyroid carcinoma in patients with lymphocytic thyroiditis. Minerva Endocrinol (Torino) 2023; 48:379-386. [PMID: 35775885 DOI: 10.23736/s2724-6507.22.03663-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of autoimmune chronic inflammatory conditions and papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). We hypothesized that, as VEGF expression is increased both in PTC and in lymphocytic thyroiditis (LT), it may stimulate the development of PTC in patients with LT. To evaluate this, we examined both tumor and adjacent non-tumoral tissues of PTC patients with and without LT. METHODS A total of 50 patients with PTC (52.50±7.41 years) and 17 patients with nodular goiter (NG) (50.47±10.38 years) were included in the study. According to the presence of LT, patients with PTC were further divided into two groups. Immunohistochemical analyses of VEGF were conducted in all patients and for PTC patients, both tumor tissue and adjacent non-tumoral tissue were evaluated. RESULTS The scores for intensity of staining and percentage of labeled thyrocytes for VEGF were found to be significantly higher in the PTC patients than in the NG patients (P<0.001, P<0.001, respectively). The tumor tissue revealed similar scores for PTC patients with LT and without LT. However, the scores in adjacent non-tumoral tissue were higher in PTC patients with LT than in patients without LT (P=0.004, P=0.01, respectively). CONCLUSIONS To the best of our knowledge, our results are the first to demonstrate that the expression of VEGF in adjacent non-tumoral tissue were higher in PTC patients with LT than in those without, which shows a possible role of VEGF expression in the progression of PTC in the presence of LT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nese E Gulcelik
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Türkiye -
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Gulhane Faculty of Medicine, University of Health Sciences, Ankara, Türkiye -
| | - Safak Akin
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Türkiye
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Gulhane Faculty of Medicine, University of Health Sciences, Ankara, Türkiye
| | - Kadriye Aydin
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Türkiye
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kartal Dr. Lutfi Kirdar Training and Research Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Cisel Aydin Mericoz
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Türkiye
- Department of Pathology, Koc University, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Yesim G Guler Tezel
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Türkiye
| | - Aydan Usman
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Türkiye
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Private Clinic, Ankara, Türkiye
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Liu Z, Li Z, Yan G, Lin C, Luo Y, Ye Y, Zeng X, Yao J. MIF promotes Th17 cell differentiation in Hashimoto's thyroiditis by binding HVEM and activating NF-κB signaling pathway. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 121:110494. [PMID: 37331297 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
Hashimoto's thyroiditis is a typical thyroid autoimmune disease and Th17 cells are crucial in its development. In recent years, MIF (Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor) has been found to promote the secretion of IL-17A and the production and differentiation of Th17 cells. However, the specific mechanism of it remains unclear. Here, we found that the expression of MIF, IL-17A and HVEM (Herpes Virus Entry Mediator) were up-regulated in HT patients. The proportion of Th17 cells in peripheral blood mononuclear cells was positively correlated with the serum MIF protein level. We further found that the expression of HVEM and the phosphorylation level of NF-κB in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of HT patients were significantly increased. Therefore, we speculated that MIF promotes Th17 cell differentiation through HVEM and NF-κB signaling pathways. Further mechanism studies showed that MIF could directly bind to HVEM, and the stimulation of rhMIF in vitro could increase the expression of HVEM and activate NF-κB signaling pathways to promote Th17 cell differentiation. After blocking HVEM with HVEM antibody, the effect of MIF on Th17 cell differentiation disappeared. The results above show that the differentiation of Th17 cells is promoted by MIF combined with HVEM through NF-κB signaling pathways. Our research provides a new theory to the regulation mechanism of Th17 cell differentiation and gives hint to new potential therapeutic targets for HT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zijian Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University (The First People's Hospital of Shunde Foshan), Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhihao Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University (The First People's Hospital of Shunde Foshan), Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Guozhi Yan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University (The First People's Hospital of Shunde Foshan), Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Can Lin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University (The First People's Hospital of Shunde Foshan), Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Yaosheng Luo
- Department of Medical Research Center, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University (The First People's Hospital of Shunde Foshan), Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Yanshi Ye
- Department of Medical Research Center, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University (The First People's Hospital of Shunde Foshan), Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaokang Zeng
- Department of Medical Research Center, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University (The First People's Hospital of Shunde Foshan), Foshan, Guangdong, China.
| | - Jie Yao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University (The First People's Hospital of Shunde Foshan), Foshan, Guangdong, China.
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Wu J, Huang H, Yu X. How does Hashimoto's thyroiditis affect bone metabolism? Rev Endocr Metab Disord 2023; 24:191-205. [PMID: 36509987 DOI: 10.1007/s11154-022-09778-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Bone marrow contains resident cellular components that are not only involved in bone maintenance but also regulate hematopoiesis and immune responses. The immune system and bone interact with each other, coined osteoimmunology. Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) is one of the most common chronic autoimmune diseases which is accompanied by lymphocytic infiltration. It shows elevating thyroid autoantibody levels at an early stage and progresses to thyroid dysfunction ultimately. Different effects exert on bone metabolism during different phases of HT. In this review, we summarized the mechanisms of the long-term effects of HT on bone and the relationship between thyroid autoimmunity and osteoimmunology. For patients with HT, the bone is affected not only by thyroid function and the value of TSH, but also by the setting of the autoimmune background. The autoimmune background implies a breakdown of the mechanisms that control self-reactive system, featuring abnormal immune activation and presence of autoantibodies. The etiology of thyroid autoimmunity and osteoimmunology is complex and involves a number of immune cells, cytokines and chemokines, which regulate the pathogenesis of HT and osteoporosis at the same time, and have potential to affect each other. In addition, vitamin D works as a potent immunomodulator to influence both thyroid immunity and osteoimmunology. We conclude that HT affects bone metabolism at least through endocrine and immune pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialu Wu
- Laboratory of Endocrinology and Metabolism/Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37 Guoxue Lane, 610041, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Hui Huang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37 Guoxue Lane, 610041, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Xijie Yu
- Laboratory of Endocrinology and Metabolism/Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37 Guoxue Lane, 610041, Chengdu, P.R. China.
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Abstract
Background: The gut is a target organ of thyroid hormone (TH) that exerts its action via the nuclear thyroid hormone receptor α1 (TRα1) expressed in intestinal epithelial cells. THs are partially metabolized via hepatic sulfation and glucuronidation, resulting in the production of conjugated iodothyronines. Gut microbiota play an important role in peripheral TH metabolism as they produce and secrete enzymes with deconjugation activity (β-glucuronidase and sulfatase), via which TH can re-enter the enterohepatic circulation. Summary: Intestinal epithelium homeostasis (the finely tuned balance between cell proliferation and differentiation) is controlled by the crosstalk between triiodothyronine and TRα1 and the presence of specific TH transporters and TH-activating and -inactivating enzymes. Patients and experimental murine models with a dominant-negative mutation in the TRα exhibit gross abnormalities in the morphology of the intestinal epithelium and suffer from severe symptoms of a dysfunctional gastrointestinal tract. Over the past decade, gut microbiota has been identified as an essential factor in health and disease, depending on its compositional and functional profile. This has led to a renewed interest in the so-called gut-thyroid axis. Disruption of gut microbial homeostasis (dysbiosis) is associated with autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD), including Hashimoto's thyroiditis, Graves' disease, and Graves' orbitopathy. These studies reviewed here provide new insights into the gut microbiota roles in thyroid disease pathogenesis and may be an initial step toward microbiota-based therapies in AITD. However, it should be noted that cause-effect mechanisms remain to be proven, for which prospective cohort studies, randomized clinical trials, and experimental studies are needed. Conclusion: This review aims at providing a comprehensive insight into the interplay between TH metabolism and gut homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline C Fenneman
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences (ACS), Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology & Metabolism (AGEM), Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Eveline Bruinstroop
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology & Metabolism (AGEM), Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Max Nieuwdorp
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences (ACS), Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anne H van der Spek
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology & Metabolism (AGEM), Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anita Boelen
- Endocrine Laboratory, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam Gastroenterology, Endocrinology & Metabolism, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Yang Y, Liu J, Shi X, Wang M. Clinical and Pathological Characteristics of Patients With Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma Coexisting With Hashimoto's Thyroiditis: A Retrospective Cohort Study. Cancer Control 2023; 30:10732748231199647. [PMID: 37643366 PMCID: PMC10467246 DOI: 10.1177/10732748231199647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is the most common subtype of thyroid carcinoma, and Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) has been postulated to have a relationship with PTC. This study aims to assess clinical and pathological characteristics of patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma coexisting with Hashimoto's thyroiditis. METHODS A retrospective study was conducted in a cohort of patients with thyroid carcinoma at the Department of Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital from January 2017 to December 2018. Medical records of patients who had PTC with or without HT were reviewed and clinical and histopathological characteristics of these patients were analyzed. RESULTS A total of 632 patients with thyroid carcinoma were identified. Among them, 614 (97.15%) had PTC and 120/614 (19.0%) harbored PTC together with HT. PTC was significantly associated with HT, as compared with other histological subtypes (P < .001). Patients with coexisting PTC and HT (PTC + HT group) were significantly younger than patients with PTC alone (PTC group) (P = .008). There were more women in the PTC + HT group than in the PTC group (88.3% vs. 73.1%, P < .001). TSH, TGAb, and TPOAb levels were significantly higher in the PTC + HT group than in the PTC group (P ≤ .001). In addition, tumor diameter was smaller in the PTC + HT group than in the PTC group (P = .034). The PTC + HT group showed a significant better recurrence-free survival than the PTC group. Furthermore, immunohistochemical analysis revealed that patients in the PTC + HT group had a higher positive rate and higher expression intensity of Ki67 than patients in the PTC group. CONCLUSIONS Our study revealed that patients with coexisting PTC and HT were younger, had smaller tumor diameters, a better prognosis, and higher positive rates and expression intensity of Ki67, than did patients with PTC alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoqin Shi
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Min Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Zhang Y, Tian Y. Comprehensive analysis of lncRNA-mediated ceRNA regulatory networks and key genes associated with papillary thyroid cancer coexistent with Hashimoto's thyroiditis. BMC Endocr Disord 2022; 22:252. [PMID: 36266640 PMCID: PMC9583512 DOI: 10.1186/s12902-022-01173-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The incidence of papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) concomitant with Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) is gradually increasing over the past decades. This study aims to identify differentially expressed lncRNAs between tumor tissues of PTC with or without HT and further to confer a better understanding of lncRNA-based competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network in PTC with HT. METHODS GSE138198 containing tissue mRNA data and GSE192560 containing lncRNA data were utilized to perform differentially expression analysis. The ceRNA network was constructed based on miRNA-mRNA interactions merging with lncRNA-microRNA interactions. Functional enrichment analysis and protein-protein interaction (PPI) analysis were performed. The mRNA levels of core genes in the PPI analysis in tumor tissues collected from 112 PTC patients including 35 cases coexistent with HT were determined by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). RESULTS A total of 57 genes and 40 lncRNAs, with value of |log2 fold change (FC)|≥ 1 and the adjusted P-value < 0.05, were deemed as differentially expressed genes and lncRNAs between PTC with and without HT. The pathways most significantly enriched by differentially expressed genes between PTC with and without HT were viral protein interaction with cytokine and cytokine receptor and cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction. CXCL10, CXCL9, CCL5, FCGR3A, and CCR2 owned degree values not less than 10 were deemed as core genes differentially expressed between PTC with and without HT. A total of 76 pairs of lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA ceRNA were obtained. Results of qRT-PCR partially demonstrated the bioinformatics results that the mRNA levels of CXCL10, CXCL9, CCL5, and CCR2 were remarkably elevated in tumor tissues collected from PTC patients coexistent with HT than those without HT (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION Our study offers a better understanding of the lncRNA-related ceRNA network involved in PTC with HT, providing novel key genes associated with PTC coexistent with HT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuepeng Zhang
- Department of Ultrasound, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, No. 169, East Lake Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, Hubei, 430071, China
| | - Yueli Tian
- Department of Ultrasound, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, No. 169, East Lake Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, Hubei, 430071, China.
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
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Gao J, Hu J, Li P, Che K, Wang F, Yan S. Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells alleviate the imbalance of CD4 + T cells via protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor type 2/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 signaling in ameliorating experimental autoimmune thyroiditis in rats. Endocr J 2022; 69:613-625. [PMID: 35153255 DOI: 10.1507/endocrj.ej20-0695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the therapeutic effect of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUCMSCs) on experimental autoimmune thyroiditis (EAT) and the underlying mechanisms by utilizing a porcine thyroglobulin-induced EAT rat model. The rats received four tail vein injections of vehicle or hUCMSCs at an interval of 7 days and were sacrificed on day 28 after the first injection. Hematoxylin and eosin staining and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) were used to assess the therapeutic effects of hUCMSCs on EAT. Splenic lymphocytes were isolated from rats, and the proportions of CD4+ T cell subsets were analyzed by flow cytometry. Splenic CD4+ T cells from EAT rats were cocultured with hUCMSCs. A loss-of-function assay for protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor type 2 (PTPN2) was performed to explore the involvement of PTPN2/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) signaling on the therapeutic benefit of hUCMSCs in EAT. hUCMSC treatment significantly alleviated inflammation, reduced serum thyroid antibody levels, and decreased the ratios of IL-17α+/CD25+FOXP3+ cells and serum IFN-γ/IL-4 in EAT rats. Furthermore, hUCMSC treatment upregulated PTPN2 protein expression in splenic lymphocytes of EAT rats as well as enhanced the PTPN2 protein level and attenuated phosphorylation of STAT3 in CD4+ T cells in vitro. Importantly, knockdown of Ptpn2 significantly reversed hUCMSC-mediated suppression of cell proliferation and hUCMSC-induced alterations in the expression of inflammatory cytokines in CD4+ T cells. Thus, hUCMSC treatment alleviates thyroid inflammation and the CD4+ T cell imbalance in EAT via PTPN2/STAT3 signaling, serving as a promising therapeutic approach for autoimmune thyroiditis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Gao
- Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jianxia Hu
- The Laboratory of Thyroid Disease, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Peng Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Kui Che
- The Laboratory of Thyroid Disease, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Fei Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Shengli Yan
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
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Cai T, Wang G, Yang Y, Mu K, Zhang J, Jiang Y, Zhang JA. Association Between Polymorphisms of IL-23/IL-17 Pathway and Clinical Phenotypes of Autoimmune Thyroid Diseases. Iran J Immunol 2022; 19:139-149. [PMID: 35767887 DOI: 10.22034/iji.2022.93744.2255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several autoimmune and inflammatory disorders, including autoimmune thyroid diseases (AITD), have been linked to Th17 cells and the IL-23/IL-17 axis. Current data suggest that genetic variation contributes greatly to disease susceptibility to AITD. OBJECTIVES To study the role of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of IL-23/IL-17 pathway in AITD predisposition and test the gene-gene/gene-sex interactions in these loci. METHODS A total of 1051 patients with AITD, including 657 patients with Graves' disease (GD) and 394 patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT), and 874 healthy controls were enrolled in this case-control association study. Six SNPs were selected and genotyped by multiplex PCR combined with high-throughput sequencing. Interactions were tested by the general multifactor dimensionality reduction (GMDR) method. RESULTS Allele C and combinational genotype AC+CC of rs3212227 within IL-23 were significantly associated with GD with goiter (p=0.003 and 0.014, respectively). Allele G and combinational genotype AG+GG of rs4819554 within IL-17RA were significantly related to HT with family history and the severity of HT (p=0.011 and 0.027; p=0.041 and 0.035). Also, allele T and genotype CT+TT of rs9463772 within IL-17F were significantly correlated with the severity of HT (p=0.001 and 0.027, respectively). Moreover, high dimensional gene-sex interaction (IL-23R-IL-23-IL-17RA-IL-17F-sex) was identified in AITD, GD, and HT patients with GMDR analysis. CONCLUSIONS Our study identified the novel loci and gene-sex interaction in AITD. This evidence, from another perspective, suggests that sex, IL-23/IL-17 pathway, and Th17 cells play an important role in the pathogenesis of AITD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiantian Cai
- Graduate School, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, People's Republic of China
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Zhao C, Yu Y, Liu J, Lu G, Li T, Gao Y, Zhang J, Guo X. Diversity of complement activation in different thyroid diseases. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 106:108636. [PMID: 35217432 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.108636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate complement components expression in both thyroid tissues and serum from patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT), Graves' disease (GD), and papillary thyroid cancer (PTC). METHODS C1q, mannose binding lectin (MBL), Bb, C4d, C3d and membrane attack complex (MAC) (C5b-9) deposition and complement regulate proteins (CD46, CD55 and CD59) expression in thyroid tissues from HT, GD, PTC, and control groups were examined by IHC. C1q, MBL, Bb, C4d, C3a, and soluble C5b-9 (sC5b-9) serum levels in the HT, GD, PTC, and healthy donor (HD) groups were measured by ELISAs. RESULTS MAC deposition was detected in thyroid tissues in the HT, GD and PTC groups, but not the control group. MBL, Bb, C4d, C3d and MAC staining intensities in thyroid tissues were significantly higher in the HT and PTC groups than in the control group (all P < 0.05). The C1q level was higher in HT tissues than in control tissues (both P < 0.05). No complement component had a significant difference in staining intensities between the GD and control groups. CD55 and CD59 expression levels in thyroid tissues were higher in the PTC group than in the HT, GD and control groups (all P < 0.05). Similarly, CD46 levels were higher in HT tissues than in control tissues. Bb, C4d, C3a and sC5b-9 serum levels were significantly increased in HT, GD and PTC patients compared with HDs (all P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Complement is overactivated in HT and PTC, but not in GD. All the three pathways are activated in HT, and the MBL and alternative complement pathways are activated in PTC. These distinct complement activation profiles may participate in HT, GD and PTC pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenxu Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology, Peking University First Hospital, No. 8 Xi Shi Ku Street, Xicheng District, Beijing 100034, China; Department of Endocrinology, Hebei Medical University First Affiliated Hospital, No. 89 Dong Gang Road, Yuhua District, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yang Yu
- Department of Endocrinology, Peking University First Hospital, No. 8 Xi Shi Ku Street, Xicheng District, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Jumei Liu
- Department of Pathology, Peking University First Hospital, No. 8 Xi Shi Ku Street, Xicheng District, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Guizhi Lu
- Department of Endocrinology, Peking University First Hospital, No. 8 Xi Shi Ku Street, Xicheng District, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Ting Li
- Department of Pathology, Peking University First Hospital, No. 8 Xi Shi Ku Street, Xicheng District, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Ying Gao
- Department of Endocrinology, Peking University First Hospital, No. 8 Xi Shi Ku Street, Xicheng District, Beijing 100034, China.
| | - Junqing Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Peking University First Hospital, No. 8 Xi Shi Ku Street, Xicheng District, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Xiaohui Guo
- Department of Endocrinology, Peking University First Hospital, No. 8 Xi Shi Ku Street, Xicheng District, Beijing 100034, China
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Sacristán-Gómez P, Serrano-Somavilla A, González-Amaro R, Martínez-Hernández R, Marazuela M. Analysis of Expression of Different Histone Deacetylases in Autoimmune Thyroid Disease. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2021; 106:3213-3227. [PMID: 34272941 PMCID: PMC8530745 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgab526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Histone deacetylases (HDACs) and histone acetyltransferases (HAT) have an important role in the regulation of gene transcription as well as in the development and function of CD4+Foxp3+ T regulatory (Treg) cells. Our group and others have reported that patients with autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD) show abnormalities in the levels and function of different Treg cell subsets. OBJECTIVE We aimed to analyze the levels of expression of several HDACs and the Tip60 HAT in the thyroid gland and immune cells from patients with AITD. METHODS The expression of HDAC1-11 and the Tip60 HAT, at RNA and protein levels, were determined in thyroid tissue from 20 patients with AITD and 10 healthy controls and these findings were correlated with clinical data. HDAC9 and Tip60 levels were also analyzed in thyroid cell cultures, stimulated or not with proinflammatory cytokines, as well as in different cell subsets from peripheral blood mononuclear cells. RESULTS Altered expression of different HDACs was observed in thyroid tissue from AITD patients, including a significant increase in HDAC9, at RNA and protein levels. Likewise, HDAC9 expression was increased in peripheral blood mononuclear cells particularly in Treg cells in patients with AITD. In contrast, Tip60 expression was reduced in thyroid gland samples from patients with Hashimoto thyroiditis. CONCLUSION Our results indicate that HDAC expression is dysregulated in thyroid gland and immune cells from patients with AITD, suggesting involvement in the pathogenesis of this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Sacristán-Gómez
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Princesa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28006 Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER GCV14/ER/12), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Serrano-Somavilla
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Princesa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28006 Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER GCV14/ER/12), Madrid, Spain
| | - Roberto González-Amaro
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, UASLP, 78210 San Luis Potosí, SLP, Mexico
- Center for Applied Research in Health and Biomedicine, UASLP, 78210 San Luis Potosí, SLP, Mexico
| | - Rebeca Martínez-Hernández
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Princesa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28006 Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER GCV14/ER/12), Madrid, Spain
- Rebeca Martínez-Hernández, PhD, Hospital de la Princesa, C/ Diego de León 62, 28006 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Mónica Marazuela
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Princesa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28006 Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER GCV14/ER/12), Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: Monica Marazuela, MD, PhD, Hospital de la Princesa, C/ Diego de León 62, 28006 Madrid, Spain.
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Pani F, Yasuda Y, Di Dalmazi G, Chalan P, Gabrielson K, Adamo L, Sabini E, Mariotti S, Caturegli P. Pre-existing Thyroiditis Ameliorates Papillary Thyroid Cancer: Insights From a New Mouse Model. Endocrinology 2021; 162:6332851. [PMID: 34331442 PMCID: PMC8389179 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqab144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) often co-occurs with Hashimoto's thyroiditis, an association that has long been reported in clinical studies yet remains controversial. Some studies, in fact, have suggested a protective effect of thyroiditis while others have not. We generated a mouse model where PTC and thyroiditis develop in a predictable manner, combining the oncogenic drive of the BRAFv600E mutation (inducible by tamoxifen) to the thyroiditis susceptibility of the NOD.H2h4 strain (inducible by iodine). A total of 113 NOD.H2h4_TPO-CRE-ER_BRAFV600E mice (50 followed throughout lifetime and 63 sacrificed at 16 weeks post tamoxifen) were used to determine whether the PTC phenotype differs when thyroiditis precedes or coincides with the onset of PTC. Mice with pre-existing thyroiditis lived longer (median survival of 28.2 weeks post tamoxifen) than those with concomitant (25.6 weeks) or no (24.5 weeks) thyroiditis (P < 0.01 by Laplace regression). PTC developed less frequently (33%) in the pre-existing thyroiditis group than the concomitant (100%) or no (100%) thyroiditis groups (P < 0.001 by chi-squared) and showed less aggressive histopathological features. The intratumoral mononuclear cell infiltration was more prominent in mice with pre-existing thyroiditis (P = 0.002 vs the other groups) and sustained by a significant expansion of effector memory CD8 + T cells and CD19 + B cells. These findings shed light on the controversial PTC-thyroiditis association and emphasize the contribution of intratumoral T and B lymphocytes to the evolution of PTC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiana Pani
- Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Yoshinori Yasuda
- Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Giulia Di Dalmazi
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, “G. D’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Paulina Chalan
- Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kathleen Gabrielson
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Pathology and Oncology and Environmental Health Engineering Johns Hopkins School of Medicine and Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Luigi Adamo
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Elena Sabini
- Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Stefano Mariotti
- Retired from Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Patrizio Caturegli
- Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Correspondence: Patrizio Caturegli, MD, MPH, Johns Hopkins Pathology, Ross Building, Room 656, 720 Rutland Avenue, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
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12
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Qiu K, Li K, Zeng T, Liao Y, Min J, Zhang N, Peng M, Kong W, Chen LL. Integrative Analyses of Genes Associated with Hashimoto's Thyroiditis. J Immunol Res 2021; 2021:8263829. [PMID: 34493981 PMCID: PMC8418929 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8263829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Hashimoto's thyroiditis, also known as chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis, is a common autoimmune thyroiditis, which mostly occurs in young and middle-aged women. It can be manifested as hyperthyroidism in the early stage; hypothyroidism may appear with the progression of the disease. Studies have shown that multiple factors such as heredity, environment, and autoimmunity are involved in the pathogenesis, but the specific mechanism is not clear. In our study, we tried to find key genes and potential molecular mechanisms of Hashimoto's thyroiditis to provide new ideas for the therapeutic targets of Hashimoto's thyroiditis. METHOD GSE138198 and GSE54958 were downloaded from the GEO database, and two datasets were combined for analysis. The combined data were normalized to identify the differentially expressed genes (DEGs), and GO and KEGG enrichment analyses were performed. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks and hub genes between DEGs were identified. We also used the miRWalk database to identify regulatory miRNAs associated with expressions of DEGs. RESULT We identified 182 DEGs (160 upregulated and 22 downregulated) between Hashimoto's disease patients and the healthy control group. GO analysis showed that DEGs were mostly concentrated in detection of chemical stimulus involved in sensory perception, intermediate filament cytoskeleton, and olfactory receptor activity. KEGG pathway analysis showed that DEGs were mainly related to olfactory transduction. Some members of the KRTAP family and HTR5A, KNG1, DRD3, HTR1D, TAS2R16, INSL5, TAS2R42, and GRM7 are the most important hub genes in the PPI network. In addition, we recognized that OTUD4, LLPH, and ECHDC1 were the most important hub genes in the miRNA-target gene network. CONCLUSION In this study, a series of bioinformatics analyses of DEGs were performed to identify the key genes and pathways associated with Hashimoto's thyroiditis. These genes and pathways provide a more detailed understanding of the pathogenesis of Hashimoto's disease and provide new ideas for the therapeutic targets of Hashimoto's thyroiditis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kangli Qiu
- Department of Endocrinology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
- Hubei Provincial Clinical Research Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Kai Li
- Network and Computing Center, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Tianshu Zeng
- Department of Endocrinology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
- Hubei Provincial Clinical Research Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Yunfei Liao
- Department of Endocrinology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
- Hubei Provincial Clinical Research Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Jie Min
- Department of Endocrinology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
- Hubei Provincial Clinical Research Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Nan Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
- Hubei Provincial Clinical Research Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Miaomiao Peng
- Department of Endocrinology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
- Hubei Provincial Clinical Research Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Wen Kong
- Department of Endocrinology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
- Hubei Provincial Clinical Research Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Lu-lu Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
- Hubei Provincial Clinical Research Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders, Wuhan 430022, China
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13
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Guarnotta V, Pillitteri G, Gambino G, Radellini S, Vigneri E, Pizzolanti G, Giordano C. Levothyroxine and insulin requirement in autoimmune polyglandular type 3 syndrome: a real-life study. J Endocrinol Invest 2021; 44:1387-1394. [PMID: 33099763 PMCID: PMC8195810 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-020-01421-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate factors influencing the insulin and levothyroxine requirement in patients with autoimmune polyglandular syndrome type 3 (APS-3) vs. patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and autoimmune hypothyroidism (AH) alone, respectively. METHODS Fifty patients with APS-3, 60 patients with T1DM and 40 patients with AH were included. Anthropometric, clinical and biochemical parameters were evaluated in all patients. Insulin requirement was calculated in patients with APS-3 and T1DM, while levothyroxine requirement was calculated in APS-3 and AH. RESULTS Patients with APS-3 showed higher age (p = 0.001), age of onset of diabetes (p = 0.006) and TSH (p = 0.004) and lower total insulin as U/day (p < 0.001) and U/Kg (p = 0.001), long-acting insulin as U/day (p = 0.030) and U/kg (p = 0.038) and irisin (p = 0.002) compared to T1DM. Patients with APS-3 had higher waist circumference (p = 0.008), duration of thyroid disease (p = 0.020), levothyroxine total daily dose (p = 0.025) and mcg/kg (p = 0.006), triglycerides (p = 0.007) and VAI (p = 0.010) and lower age of onset of thyroid disease (p = 0.007) than AH. At multivariate analysis, levothyroxine treatment and VAI were associated with insulin and levothyroxine requirement in APS-3, respectively. VAI was independently associated with insulin requirement in T1DM. Circulating irisin levels were independently associated with levothyroxine requirement in AH. CONCLUSION Patients with APS-3 show lower insulin requirement and higher levothyroxine requirement than T1DM and AH alone, respectively. Levothyroxine treatment and VAI affect insulin and levothyroxine requirement, respectively, in APS-3. In T1DM, adipose tissue dysfunction, indirectly expressed by high VAI, is associated with an increased insulin requirement, while circulating irisin levels influence the levothyroxine requirement in AH.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Guarnotta
- Dipartimento di Promozione della Salute, Materno-Infantile, Medicina Interna e Specialistica di Eccellenza "G. d'Alessandro" (PROMISE), Sezione di Malattie Endocrine, del Ricambio e della Nutrizione, Università di Palermo, Piazza delle Cliniche 2, 90127, Palermo, Italy
| | - G Pillitteri
- Dipartimento di Promozione della Salute, Materno-Infantile, Medicina Interna e Specialistica di Eccellenza "G. d'Alessandro" (PROMISE), Sezione di Malattie Endocrine, del Ricambio e della Nutrizione, Università di Palermo, Piazza delle Cliniche 2, 90127, Palermo, Italy
| | - G Gambino
- Dipartimento di Promozione della Salute, Materno-Infantile, Medicina Interna e Specialistica di Eccellenza "G. d'Alessandro" (PROMISE), Sezione di Malattie Endocrine, del Ricambio e della Nutrizione, Università di Palermo, Piazza delle Cliniche 2, 90127, Palermo, Italy
| | - S Radellini
- Dipartimento di Promozione della Salute, Materno-Infantile, Medicina Interna e Specialistica di Eccellenza "G. d'Alessandro" (PROMISE), Sezione di Malattie Endocrine, del Ricambio e della Nutrizione, Università di Palermo, Piazza delle Cliniche 2, 90127, Palermo, Italy
| | - E Vigneri
- Dipartimento di Promozione della Salute, Materno-Infantile, Medicina Interna e Specialistica di Eccellenza "G. d'Alessandro" (PROMISE), Sezione di Malattie Endocrine, del Ricambio e della Nutrizione, Università di Palermo, Piazza delle Cliniche 2, 90127, Palermo, Italy
| | - G Pizzolanti
- Dipartimento di Promozione della Salute, Materno-Infantile, Medicina Interna e Specialistica di Eccellenza "G. d'Alessandro" (PROMISE), Sezione di Malattie Endocrine, del Ricambio e della Nutrizione, Università di Palermo, Piazza delle Cliniche 2, 90127, Palermo, Italy.
| | - C Giordano
- Dipartimento di Promozione della Salute, Materno-Infantile, Medicina Interna e Specialistica di Eccellenza "G. d'Alessandro" (PROMISE), Sezione di Malattie Endocrine, del Ricambio e della Nutrizione, Università di Palermo, Piazza delle Cliniche 2, 90127, Palermo, Italy.
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Wang X, Huang J, Zhang A, Fang C, Ma Q, Jiang P. Altered expression profile of BAFF receptors on peripheral blood B lymphocytes in Graves' disease. BMC Endocr Disord 2021; 21:88. [PMID: 33926416 PMCID: PMC8082831 DOI: 10.1186/s12902-021-00752-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND B lymphocyte activating factor (BAFF) is a growth factor regulating B lymphocytes survival and maturation. Serum BAFF levels were elevated in patients affected with autoimmune thyroid diseases (AITD), including Graves' disease (GD) and Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT). The aim of this study is to explore the association of expression levels of BAFF and its receptors with AITD. METHODS Fifty-two GD patients, 39 Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) patients and 23 healthy controls (HC) were recruited in this study. Serum BAFF levels were measured by ELISA. Expression of BAFF receptors, including BAFF receptor 3 (BR3) and transmembrane activator and calcium-modulating and cyclophilin ligand interactor (TACI), on B lymphocytes were analyzed by flowcytometry. Effects of steroids on serum BAFF levels and expression of BR3 and TACI were also observed in 10 patients with Graves' orbitopathy (GO) receiving steroids therapy. RESULTS Serum BAFF levels were significantly elevated from 0.93 ± 0.24 ng/ml in HC to 1.18 ± 0.33 ng/ml in GD (P = 0.0027) and 1.02 ± 0.24 ng/ml in HT (P = 0.0331). BR3 expression on peripheral B lymphocytes were elevated in GD (mean MFI: 4.52 ± 2.06 in GD vs. 3.00 ± 0.87 in HC, P = 0.0015), while TACI expression on peripheral B lymphocytes were decreased in GD without significance (mean MFI: 7.96 ± 4.06 in GD vs. 9.10 ± 3.37 in HC, P = 0.1285). Expression of BR3 and TACI was not changed significantly in HT patients. Steroids significantly suppressed serum BAFF concentrations (from 1.18 ± 0.27 ng/ml to 0.97 ± 0.10 ng/ml, P = 0.0364) and BR3 expression in GO patients (mean MFI from 6.26 ± 4.91 to 4.05 ± 1.58, P = 0.0083). CONCLUSIONS Altered expression of BAFF and its receptor may mediate the autoimmunity in GD. Restoring the normal expression profile of receptors for BAFF could be a new strategy to treat GD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Jiangsu Province Hospital of TCM/the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 210029, Nanjing, China
| | - Jinhui Huang
- Department of Endocrinology, Jiangsu Province Hospital of TCM/the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 210029, Nanjing, China
| | - Aixia Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, 211166, Nanjing, China
| | - Chen Fang
- Clinical Nutrition Department, Second affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 215004, Suzhou, China
| | - Qi Ma
- Department of Ultrasound, Second affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 215004, Suzhou, China.
| | - Pengjun Jiang
- Department of Hematology, Jiangsu Province Hospital of TCM/the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 210029, Nanjing, China.
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Bai Z, Li L, Guan T, Wang J, Zhao J, Su L. Clinical prognosis and bioinformatic analysis of primary thyroid lymphoma. Medicine (Baltimore) 2021; 100:e24598. [PMID: 33578562 PMCID: PMC7886455 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000024598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Primary thyroid lymphoma (PTL) is a rare malignant disease with the most common histological type of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) is closely related to the pathogenesis of PTL. The present study is to explore the clinical prognosis of PTL and analyze the gene correlations between PTL and HT.Thirty-nine patients diagnosed with PTL between 2010 and 2018 in our institute were retrospectively reviewed and clinical features were evaluated on PTL survival. Then, overlapping differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between PTL and HT were evaluated for gene ontology, pathways enrichment, protein-protein interaction network analysis. Furthermore, we used gene expression profiling interactive analysis to evaluate the differential expression of these hub genes.In this analysis, International Prognostic Index (IPI) score ≥3 and high β2-MG (>3 mg/L) were associated with worse prognosis in PTL. Notably, a total of 15 both upregulated DEGs in DLBCL and HT were identified and 10 hub genes with a high degree of connectivity were picked out. Among these 10 hub genes, IL6, IL10, CXCL10, and CXCR3 were higher expressed in DLBCL than the normal tissue but have no significant prognosis of DLBCL.High IPI score and high β2-MG level have a poor prognosis in PTL. Besides, IL6, IL10, CXCL10, and CXCR3 are associated with both DLBCL and HT and may be used for the early diagnosis of PTL.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Tao Guan
- Department of Hematology, Shanxi Tumor Hospital affiliated to Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Jiangtao Wang
- Department of Hematology, Shanxi Tumor Hospital affiliated to Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Jin Zhao
- Department of Hematology, Shanxi Tumor Hospital affiliated to Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Liping Su
- Department of Hematology, Shanxi Tumor Hospital affiliated to Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
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Zhao L, Wu Q, Wang X, Wang S, Shi X, Shan Z, Teng W. Reversal of Abnormal CD4+ T Cell Metabolism Alleviates Thyroiditis by Deactivating the mTOR/HIF1a/Glycolysis Pathway. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:659738. [PMID: 34149615 PMCID: PMC8211914 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.659738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) is an autoimmune disease that features activation of thyroid antigen-specific helper T cells. HT patients have increased Th1 and Th17 T cell subsets. Glycolysis supports chronic activation of Th1 and Th17 T cells, but how this contributes to HT remains unknown. METHODS The metabolism of CD4+ T cells from 30 HT patients and 30 healthy controls was evaluated by determining the extracellular acidification rate (ECAR) and the oxygen consumption rate (OCR). Mice in a subacute thyroiditis (SAT) model were treated with 2DG, metformin, or combination. Metrics of mTOR/HIF-1α/HK2/glycolysis were measured by western blot and Seahorse assay methods. The severity of SAT was measured by flow cytometry and HE staining. RESULTS CD4+ T cells from HT patients had enhanced ECAR and OCR. Levels of Glut1, HK2, PKM2, and LDHA in cultured HT CD4+ T cells were elevated. The expression of HK2 and PKM2 in cultured SAT CD4+ T cells was elevated compared with the control group. Activation of the mTOR and HIF-1α pathways was significant in SAT mice, and expression of HIF-1α in the 2DG treated group was reduced. Treatment with 2DG and/or metformin significantly decreased the ratio of Th17 and Th1 T cells. CONCLUSIONS Thyroiditis results in elevation of the mTOR/HIF-1α/HK2/glycolysis pathway in CD4+ T cells. The activation of this pathway is reduced by treatment with 2DG and metformin, which also reverted imbalances in CD4+ T cell differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Endocrine Institute and The Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrine Diseases, NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Thyroid Diseases, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Qiong Wu
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiaoli Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Endocrine Institute and The Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrine Diseases, NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Thyroid Diseases, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Shiqi Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Endocrine Institute and The Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrine Diseases, NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Thyroid Diseases, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiaoguang Shi
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Endocrine Institute and The Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrine Diseases, NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Thyroid Diseases, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaoguang Shi,
| | - Zhongyan Shan
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Endocrine Institute and The Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrine Diseases, NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Thyroid Diseases, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Weiping Teng
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Endocrine Institute and The Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrine Diseases, NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Thyroid Diseases, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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Ruggeri RM, Giovinazzo S, Barbalace MC, Cristani M, Alibrandi A, Vicchio TM, Giuffrida G, Aguennouz MH, Malaguti M, Angeloni C, Trimarchi F, Hrelia S, Campennì A, Cannavò S. Influence of Dietary Habits on Oxidative Stress Markers in Hashimoto's Thyroiditis. Thyroid 2021; 31:96-105. [PMID: 32729374 DOI: 10.1089/thy.2020.0299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Background: There is a growing awareness that nutritional habits may influence risk of several inflammatory and immune-mediated disorders, including autoimmune diseases, through various mechanisms. The aim of the present study was to investigate dietary habits and their relationship with redox homeostasis in the setting of thyroid autoimmunity. Materials and Methods: Two hundred subjects (173 females and 27 males; median age, 37 years) were enrolled. None were under any pharmacological treatment. Exclusion criteria were any infectious/inflammatory/autoimmune comorbidity, kidney failure, diabetes, and cancer. In each subject, serum thyrotropin (TSH), free thyroxine, antithyroid antibodies, and circulating oxidative stress markers were measured. A questionnaire on dietary habits, evaluating the intake frequencies of food groups and adherence to the Mediterranean diet, was submitted to each participant. Results: Among the 200 recruited subjects, 81 (71 females and 10 males) were diagnosed with euthyroid Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT); the remaining 119 (102 females and 17 males) served as controls. In questionnaires, HT subjects reported higher intake frequencies of animal foods (meat, p = 0.0001; fish, p = 0.0001; dairy products, p = 0.004) compared with controls, who reported higher intake frequencies of plant foods (legumes, p = 0.001; fruits and vegetables, p = 0.030; nuts, p = 0.0005). The number of subjects who preferentially consumed poultry instead of red/processed meat was lower in HT subjects than in controls (p = 0.0141). In logistic regression analysis, meat consumption was associated with increased odds ratio of developing thyroid autoimmunity, while the Mediterranean diet traits were protective. In HT subjects, serum advanced glycation end products (markers of oxidative stress) were significantly higher (p = 0.0001) than in controls, while the activity of glutathione peroxidase and thioredoxin reductase, as well as total plasma antioxidant activity, were lower (p = 0.020, p = 0.023, and p = 0.002, respectively), indicating a condition of oxidative stress. Stepwise regression models demonstrated a significant dependence of oxidative stress parameters on consumption of animal foods, mainly meat. Conclusions: The present study suggests a protective effect of low intake of animal foods toward thyroid autoimmunity and a positive influence of such nutritional patterns on redox balance and potentially on oxidative stress-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosaria Maddalena Ruggeri
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
- Unit of Endocrinology, University Hospital of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | | | - Maria Cristina Barbalace
- Department for Life Quality Studies, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Mariateresa Cristani
- Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Angela Alibrandi
- Unit of Statistical and Mathematical Sciences, Department of Economics, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Teresa M Vicchio
- Unit of Endocrinology, University Hospital of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Giuffrida
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
- Unit of Endocrinology, University Hospital of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Mohamed H Aguennouz
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Marco Malaguti
- Department for Life Quality Studies, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | | | | | - Silvana Hrelia
- Department for Life Quality Studies, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Alfredo Campennì
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Morphological and Functional Images, Unit of Nuclear Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Salvatore Cannavò
- Unit of Endocrinology, University Hospital of Messina, Messina, Italy
- Department of Human Pathology DETEV, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
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Liu Y, Cui X, Wang S, Liu J, Zhao N, Huang M, Qin J, Li Y, Shan Z, Teng W. Elevated MicroRNA-326 Levels Regulate the IL-23/IL-23R/Th17 Cell Axis in Hashimoto's Thyroiditis by Targeting a Disintegrin and Metalloprotease 17. Thyroid 2020; 30:1327-1337. [PMID: 32204685 DOI: 10.1089/thy.2019.0552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Background: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of critical epigenetic regulators involved in several autoimmune diseases. Our previous study reported an miR-326-induced increase in T helper (Th) 17 cells in a mouse model of Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT), but the pathogenic effect of miR-326 in HT patients has not been verified. The goal of the present study was to explore the pathogenic role of miR-326 and its underlying molecular mechanism in HT patients. Methods: A total of 58 HT patients and 55 normal controls were enrolled in this study. We examined whether Th17 cells and miR-326 were aberrantly altered in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of HT patients with flow cytometry and real-time polymerase chain reaction. Levels of membrane interleukin (IL)-23R (mIL-23R) were determined by flow cytometry and Western blot to explore the critical role of mIL-23R in the development of Th17 cells. Isolated CD3+ T cells were used to further investigate the ectodomain shedding of mIL-23R by a disintegrin and metalloprotease (ADAM17). Furthermore, miR-326 inhibitor and mimics were transfected into PBMCs derived from HT patients and healthy controls to verify the regulation of ADAM17 by miR-326. Results: We observed elevated miR-326 levels in the PBMCs of HT patients compared with those in the PBMCs of healthy controls. Consistent with IL-23-induced STAT3 overactivation, substantially more HT patient-derived PBMCs differentiated into Th17 cells under polarization culture conditions, which may, at least in part, have resulted from enhanced mIL-23R levels. Furthermore, ADAM17, an ectodomain sheddase of mIL-23R, was targeted and negatively regulated by miR-326. Inhibiting ADAM17 might attenuate the ectodomain shedding of mIL-23R. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that the effect of miR-326 on the IL-23/IL-23R/Th17 cell axis in HT patients might be partially due to the targeting of ADAM17.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongping Liu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrine Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xuejiao Cui
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrine Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Shuo Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrine Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrine Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Na Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrine Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Mingshi Huang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrine Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jing Qin
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrine Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yushu Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrine Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhongyan Shan
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrine Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Weiping Teng
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrine Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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Mohamed SY, Ibrahim TR, Elbasateeny SS, Abdelaziz LA, Farouk S, Yassin MA, Embaby A. Clinicopathological characterization and prognostic implication of FOXP3 and CK19 expression in papillary thyroid carcinoma and concomitant Hashimoto's thyroiditis. Sci Rep 2020; 10:10651. [PMID: 32606302 PMCID: PMC7326975 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-67615-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is considered the most prevalent thyroid malignancy. The association between Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) and PTC is still unclear. We aimed to examine the clinicopathological impact of immunohistochemical staining of FOXP3 and Cytokeratin 19 in PTC and concomitant HT and their correlation with patients' outcome and survival. Eighty thyroid biopsies obtained from patients with PTC were immunostained by FOXP3 and CK19.The patients were treated by radioactive iodine (I131) and followed up. FOXP3 and CK19 expression were detected in 45% and 80% studied cases of PTC respectively. 16.7% of PTC with associated HT showed FOXP3+ lymphocytes in lymphocytic infiltrate of HT, while most of PTC associated HT express cytoplasmic CK19 positive Hurtle cells. FOXP3 was more expressed in PTC female patients more than 45 years with higher stage, lymph node, and distant metastasis, extracapsular extension, number of I131doses, and cumulative radioiodine doses with a highly statistically significant difference (p < 0.001). The relation was significant between CK19 immunostaining as regard 10-year Overall Survival and death (p value = 0.027 and 0.036, respectively). HT represents a step in the process of autoimmune inflammatory disease ending by the evolution of PTC with better prognosis, therefore appropriate follow up of these cases is needed. FOXP3 tends to be more expressed in PTC cases with worse prognostic variables and is predictable to become a recent prognostic and targeted therapy for PTC. There was a significant relation between CK19 immunostaining and 10 year overall survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salem Youssef Mohamed
- Internal Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt.
| | - Taiseer R Ibrahim
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Samah S Elbasateeny
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Lobna A Abdelaziz
- Clinical Oncology and Nuclear Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Shaimaa Farouk
- Clinical Oncology and Nuclear Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud Abdou Yassin
- General Surgery Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Embaby
- Internal Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
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20
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Xu W, Liu Y, Cheng X, Huang N, Hou N, Wang H, Han F, Han X, Sun X. Decreased shedding dipeptidyl peptidase 4 from membrane in Hashimoto's thyroiditis. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 81:106315. [PMID: 32086131 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.106315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2020] [Revised: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
AIMS This study aimed to determine the concentration and enzymatic activity of dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4) in serum and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) and to explore the potential mechanism of the abnormal DPP4 in HT development. METHODS A total of 33 newly diagnosed HT patients and 31 age- and sex-matched healthy controls were enrolled. Clinical characteristics and thyroid function data were collected for all participants. Serum DPP4 and kallikrein-related peptidase 5 (KLK5) concentrations were measured by sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. DPP4 enzymatic activities in serum and PBMCs were determined by enzymatic assay. DPP4, KLK5 and interferon (IFN)-γ mRNA expression levels in PBMCs were evaluated by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS Serum DPP4 level and activity were significantly lower in the HT group compared with the control group. However, DPP4 mRNA expression was significantly increased and both serum KLK5 concentration and KLK5 mRNA expression in PBMCs were significantly decreased in HT patients. Correlation analyses revealed that DPP4 concentration was positively correlated with DPP4 enzymatic activity in serum. No significant difference in DPP4 activity was found in PBMCs. DPP4 enzymatic activity in PBMCs was negatively correlated with DPP4 enzymatic activity in serum. IFN-γ mRNA expression in PBMCs was significantly increased in HT patients. CONCLUSIONS DPP4 is involved in the development and pathological process of HT. Decreased cleavage of membrane-anchored DPP4 by KLK5 may be responsible for the decreased serum DPP4 levels in HT patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjie Xu
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261031, China
| | - Yongping Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261031, China
| | - Xuebing Cheng
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261031, China
| | - Na Huang
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261031, China
| | - Ningning Hou
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261031, China
| | - Hongsheng Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261031, China
| | - Fang Han
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261031, China
| | - Xue Han
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261031, China
| | - Xiaodong Sun
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261031, China.
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21
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Abstract
Background: Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) is a common autoimmune disease of unknown origin. However, viral infections have been implicated as triggers for autoimmunity. Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I presents antigens to circulating immune cells and plays a crucial role in the defense against viral infections. This study aimed to investigate the presence of enterovirus and HLA class I expression in one of the largest HT thyroid tissue cohorts to date. In addition, viral receptors and viral immune response proteins were examined. Methods: Thyroid tissue samples from 46 HT patients were obtained using core needle biopsy. Thyroid tissue collected during neck surgery for other reasons than thyroid autoimmunity served as controls. Standard immunohistochemistry on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue samples were used to detect HLA class I, enteroviral capsid protein 1 (VP1), and coxsackie and adenovirus receptor (CAR) in thyroid cells. A subset of the samples was examined with combined immunofluorescence staining for signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1) and protein kinase R (PKR). Results: Significantly more HLA class I-positive samples were found in the HT group (31 out of 46 [67.4%]) than in the control group (5 out of 24 [20.8%]) (p < 0.001). Moreover, the semiquantitative score assessing the grade of HLA class I expression was significantly higher in the HT group (3.9 ± 3.1) than in the control group (0.5 ± 0.9) (p < 0.001). In addition, STAT1 was colocalized with HLA class I, and PKR and VP1 were also found and were colocalized together. VP1 was detected in both controls and the HT samples, with slightly more VP1+ thyroid cells in the HT samples (20.1% ± 16.4%) than in controls (14.9% ± 10.5%). Finally, the presence of CAR in thyroid cells was confirmed. Conclusion: The current study confirmed that HLA class I hyperexpression is a defining feature of HT. Thyroid cells express CAR, thus making them susceptible to enterovirus infection. The colocalization of HLA class I with STAT1 and VP1 with PKR indicates an intracellular, antiviral host response. These findings support the concept of a firm link between viral infection and autoimmune thyroid diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Therese Weider
- Department of Endocrinology, Morbid Obesity, and Preventive Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sarah J Richardson
- Islet Biology Exeter, Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Noel G Morgan
- Islet Biology Exeter, Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Trond H Paulsen
- Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Knut Dahl-Jørgensen
- Department of Pediatric Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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Chen F, Kawashima A, Luo Y, Kiriya M, Suzuki K. Innate Immune-Modulatory Activity of Prunella vulgaris in Thyrocytes Functions as a Potential Mechanism for Treating Hashimoto's Thyroiditis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:579648. [PMID: 33304319 PMCID: PMC7701117 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.579648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Prunella vulgaris (PV), a perennial herb, has been used to treat thyroid diseases in China for over 2,000 years. In particular, its therapeutic effect has been described for Hashimoto's thyroiditis, including reducing titers autoantibodies against thyroid peroxidase and thyroglobulin of and T helper 17 (Th17) cells. However, the underlying mechanism for how PV exerts such effects has not been investigated. We examined the effects of PV on innate immune activation, which is thought to be one of the triggers for the development of autoimmune diseases, including Hashimoto's thyroiditis. In cultured thyrocytes, PV reduced mRNA levels of inflammatory cytokines that were originally induced as a result of innate immune activation initiated by transfection of double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) or dsRNA. PV suppressed activation of nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) and interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3), and suppressed corresponding promoter activation, which were initially activated by dsDNA or dsRNA. PV also suppressed the mRNA levels of molecules responsible for antigen processing and presentation, and PV protected thyrocytes from apoptosis induced by dsDNA and dsRNA. Additionally, PV suppressed the expression of genes involved in iodide uptake and oxidation. Taken together, these results suggest that PV exerts its protective effect on thyrocytes by suppressing both innate and adaptive immune responses and cell death. PV may also protect cells from iodide-associated oxidative injury. This report is among the first to identify the mechanisms to explain PV's beneficial effects in Hashimoto's thyroiditis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Medical Technology, Teikyo University, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Akira Kawashima
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Medical Technology, Teikyo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuqian Luo
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Medical Technology, Teikyo University, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Mitsuo Kiriya
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Medical Technology, Teikyo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koichi Suzuki
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Medical Technology, Teikyo University, Tokyo, Japan
- *Correspondence: Koichi Suzuki,
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Bajuk Studen K, Biček A, Oblak A, Zaletel K, Gaberšček S. Hypothyroidism is associated with higher testosterone levels in postmenopausal women with Hashimoto's thyroiditis. Endokrynol Pol 2019; 71:73-75. [PMID: 31681972 DOI: 10.5603/ep.a2019.0055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Revised: 10/13/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION There are few data about possible interaction of sex hormones and thyroid autoimmunity and function in women with Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) after menopause. Therefore, our aim was to investigate sex hormone levels in euthyroid (EuHT) and hypothyroid (HypoHT) postmenopausal women with HT. MATERIAL AND METHODS We performed a prospective observational clinical study that included 55 women with HT (AllHT) and 18 healthy subjects (HS) after menopause matched by age, body mass index, follicle-stimulating hormone, and menopause duration. According to their thyrotropin (TSH) level, the AllHT patients were divided into two subgroups: EuHT with TSH in the range 0.35-5.5 mU/L and HypoHT with TSH above 5.5 mU/L. Total and free testosterone (T), sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), oestradiol (E2), and progesterone (P) were measured in all subjects. Values are presented as mean ± SD. The Mann-Whitney U test was used for comparison of values between the groups. Correlations were tested using Kendall's tau test. RESULTS In the HypoHT group, significantly higher free T levels were found in comparison to the HS group (7.89 ± 3.55 pmol/L and 7.13 ± 3.03 pmol/L, p < 0.05). Furthermore, in HypoHT, free T was significantly higher than in EuHT (7.19 ± 5.65 pmol/L, p < 0.05). SHBG was significantly lower in HypoHT compared with HS (45.4 ± 17.4 nmol/L and 60.09 ± 19.51 nmol/L, p < 0.05). No significant correlation was found between sex hormone levels and thyroglobulin and thyroid peroxidase antibodies. CONCLUSION We report significantly higher free and total T levels in hypothyroid postmenopausal women with HT. To our knowledge, this is the first study of sex hormone levels in postmenopausal women with HT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katica Bajuk Studen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Centre, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Ajda Biček
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Centre, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Adrijana Oblak
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Centre, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Katja Zaletel
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Centre, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Simona Gaberšček
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Centre, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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Abstract
AIM To investigate clinico-pathological features of lymphoma of the lips, and review the literature. MATERIALS AND METHODS Retrospective analysis and review of English literature, 1996-2016. RESULTS Analysis included 23 cases, 7 new cases and 16 from literature, 12 M: 11 F, age 7-82 years. Four occurred in children, mean age 10.1; 19 in adults, mean 61.1 years. The lower lip was involved in the majority of cases (16, 69.56%). 14 (60.87%) were isolated to the lips, 8 (34.78%) were multifocal. Nine (39.13%) occurred in association with Sjogren's syndrome, of which one also had Hashimoto thyroiditis. IgG4-related disease and HIV were reported in one case each. The lip salivary glands were involved in most cases (19, 82.6%); 3 (13.6%) showed only cutaneous involvement. The typical presentation was single or multiple nodules (15, 65.21%), with surface ulceration in only two (8.69%). Constituent symptoms were absent in all cases, paresthesia was reported in one (4.34%). The majority (18, 78.26%) was extranodal marginal zone B-cell lymphoma - mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma (EMZB-MALT), and one case each was mantle cell, NK-T cell, CD30 positive and plasmablastic lymphoma. CONCLUSION The lips seem to have a unique pattern of non-Hodgkin lymphoma dominated by EMZB-MALT lymphoma, rarely other types. In more than half, neither Sjogren's syndrome nor other chronic inflammation was identified. Lesions tend to present as asymptomatic slowly progressing, non-ulcerated submucosal masses. Lymphoma should be considered even in the absence of constituent symptoms, as most cases showed none. Although the number of reported cases is rather small, disease course is usually prolonged and prognosis seems to be good.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Kaplan
- Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel-Aviv, Israel; Rabin Medical Center, Petah-Tikva, Israel; Goldschleger School of Dental Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Israel; Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Israel.
| | - A Shuster
- Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel-Aviv, Israel; Goldschleger School of Dental Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Israel
| | - G Frenkel
- Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - G Avishai
- Rabin Medical Center, Petah-Tikva, Israel
| | - I Allon
- Barzilai Medical Center, Ben-Gurion University Ashkelon, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - V Raiser
- Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel-Aviv, Israel
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25
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Kammeyer R, Piquet AL. Multiple co-existing antibodies in autoimmune encephalitis: A case and review of the literature. J Neuroimmunol 2019; 337:577084. [PMID: 31655424 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2019.577084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Revised: 09/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
A 66-year-old man with a history of chronic tobacco use presented with two months of progressive memory deficits, ataxia, diplopia, and opsoclonus. His brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed limbic and brainstem encephalitis, and antibody testing was positive for anti-Ma1/Ma2, anti-N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (anti-NMDA-R) and anti-glutamic acid decarboxylase 65 (anti-GAD65) antibodies. His encephalitis improved with intravenous steroids, plasmapheresis, and rituximab initiation. His PET/CT was suspicious for lung malignancy, but a progressive deterioration of his respiratory status prevented full investigation. Multiple auto-antibodies may be produced in response to a malignancy and overlapping of clinical presentations may occur with multiple auto-antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Kammeyer
- University of Colorado, Department of Neurology, 12700 E. 19th Ave, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
| | - Amanda L Piquet
- University of Colorado, Department of Neurology, 12700 E. 19th Ave, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
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26
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Fominykh V, Brylev L, Gaskin V, Luzin R, Yakovlev A, Komoltsev I, Belousova I, Rosliakova A, Guekht A, Gulyaeva N. Neuronal damage and neuroinflammation markers in patients with autoimmune encephalitis and multiple sclerosis. Metab Brain Dis 2019; 34:1473-1485. [PMID: 31267347 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-019-00452-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Inflammatory diseases of the central nervous system (CNS) are a diagnostic challenge to clinicians. Autoimmune encephalitis (AE) is an important diagnostic consideration in patients with CNS inflammatory disorders; despite of a wide range of neuropsychiatric symptoms it should be diagnosed as soon as possible and the patient transferred to the neurologist. We studied a group of AE patients (n = 24) as compared to multiple sclerosis (MS, n = 61) and control (n = 19) groups. Detailed clinical pictures of patients are presented. We focused on relevant cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) tests like protein levels, cytosis and oligoclonal bands, neuroinflammation indices (interleukin-6, soluble receptor of IL-6, neopterin, anti-ribosomal proteins antibodies) and markers of neurodegeneration (phosphorylated neurofilament heavy chain, pNfh). Elevated neopterin level was found in AE group as compared to the MS and control groups, while protein and pNfh were increased in both AE and MS groups. In the MS group, the cytosis and soluble receptor of IL-6 were higher as compared to the control group. Anti-ribosomal proteins antibodies were increased in a single patient with AE. High levels of protein were predictive of mortality in AE patients, while IL-6 and pNfh were elevated in severe AE patients. AE patients with paraneoplastic etiology demonstrated oligoclonal bands positivity. Taken together, our results suggest the neopterin as an additional marker of autoimmune brain inflammation. Though higher levels of protein, IL-6 and pNfh were found in patients with severe disease progression and death, prognostic values of these markers should be validated in larger cohorts of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Fominykh
- Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology, Moscow, Russia.
- Bujanov Moscow City Clinical Hospital, Moscow, Russia.
| | - L Brylev
- Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology, Moscow, Russia
- Bujanov Moscow City Clinical Hospital, Moscow, Russia
- Moscow Research and Clinical Center for Neuropsychiatry of the Healthcare Department of Moscow, Moscow, Russia
| | - V Gaskin
- Moscow Research and Clinical Center for Neuropsychiatry of the Healthcare Department of Moscow, Moscow, Russia
| | - R Luzin
- Moscow Research and Clinical Center for Neuropsychiatry of the Healthcare Department of Moscow, Moscow, Russia
| | - A Yakovlev
- Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology, Moscow, Russia
| | - I Komoltsev
- Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology, Moscow, Russia
- Bujanov Moscow City Clinical Hospital, Moscow, Russia
- Moscow Research and Clinical Center for Neuropsychiatry of the Healthcare Department of Moscow, Moscow, Russia
| | - I Belousova
- Moscow Research and Clinical Center for Neuropsychiatry of the Healthcare Department of Moscow, Moscow, Russia
| | - A Rosliakova
- Bujanov Moscow City Clinical Hospital, Moscow, Russia
- Research Center of Neurology, Moscow, Russia
| | - A Guekht
- Moscow Research and Clinical Center for Neuropsychiatry of the Healthcare Department of Moscow, Moscow, Russia
- Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - N Gulyaeva
- Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology, Moscow, Russia
- Moscow Research and Clinical Center for Neuropsychiatry of the Healthcare Department of Moscow, Moscow, Russia
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Abstract
The microbiota has been identified as an important factor in health and in a variety of diseases. An altered microbiota composition increases the prevalence of Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) and Graves' disease (GD). Microbes influence thyroid hormone levels by regulating iodine uptake, degradation, and enterohepatic cycling. In addition, there is a pronounced influence of minerals on interactions between host and microbiota, particularly selenium, iron, and zinc. In manifest thyroid disorders, the microbiota may affect L-thyroxine uptake and influence the action of propylthiouracil (PTU). Although it is relatively well documented that thyroid disorders are linked to the composition of the microbiota, the role of specific genera and the potential use of therapies targeting the microbiota are less clear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonore Fröhlich
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Department for Diagnostic Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany; Center for Medical Research, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Richard Wahl
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Department for Diagnostic Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany.
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Harada A, Nomura E, Nishimura K, Ito M, Yoshida H, Miyauchi A, Nishikawa M, Shiojima I, Toyoda N. Type 1 and type 2 iodothyronine deiodinases in the thyroid gland of patients with huge goitrous Hashimoto's thyroiditis. Endocrine 2019; 64:584-590. [PMID: 30737677 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-019-01855-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The serum free triiodothyronine (FT3)/free thyroxine (FT4) ratio in patients with huge goitrous Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HG-HT) is relatively high. We investigated the cause of high FT3/FT4 ratios. METHODS We measured the serum FT3, FT4, and thyrotropin (TSH) levels of seven patients with HG-HT who had undergone a total thyroidectomy. Eleven patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma served as controls. The activities and mRNA levels of type 1 and type 2 iodothyronine deiodinases (D1 and D2, respectively) were measured in the thyroid tissues of HG-HT and perinodular thyroid tissues of papillary thyroid carcinoma. RESULTS The TSH levels in the HG-HT group were not significantly different from those of the controls. The FT4 levels in the HG-HT group were significantly lower than those of the controls, whereas the FT3 levels and FT3/FT4 ratios were significantly higher in the HG-HT group. The FT3/FT4 ratios in the HG-HT group who had undergone total thyroidectomy and received levothyroxine therapy decreased significantly to normal values. Both the D1 and D2 activities in the thyroid tissues of the HG-HT patients were significantly higher than those of the controls. However, the mRNA levels of both D1 and D2 in the HG-HT patients' thyroid tissues were comparable to those of the controls. Interestingly, there were significant correlations between the HG-HT patients' D1 and D2 activities, and their thyroid gland volume or their FT3/FT4 ratios. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that increased thyroidal D1 and D2 activities may be responsible for the higher serum FT3/FT4 ratio in patients with HG-HT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azusa Harada
- Internal Medicine II, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Osaka, 573-1010, Japan
| | - Emiko Nomura
- Internal Medicine II, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Osaka, 573-1010, Japan
| | - Kumiko Nishimura
- Internal Medicine II, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Osaka, 573-1010, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | - Ichiro Shiojima
- Internal Medicine II, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Osaka, 573-1010, Japan
| | - Nagaoki Toyoda
- Internal Medicine II, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Osaka, 573-1010, Japan.
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Zake T, Skuja S, Kalere I, Konrade I, Groma V. Upregulated tissue expression of T helper (Th) 17 pathogenic interleukin (IL)-23 and IL-1β in Hashimoto's thyroiditis but not in Graves' disease. Endocr J 2019; 66:423-430. [PMID: 30814438 DOI: 10.1507/endocrj.ej18-0396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
T helper (Th) 17 cells and interleukin (IL)-17 play a significant role in the pathogenesis of autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD). However, it has recently become clear that Th17 cells are more heterogeneous and exhibit two different phenotypes, whereas IL-23 and IL-1β are crucial for the generation of pathogenic Th17 lymphocytes. We aimed to investigate the association between IL-17 and Th17-promoting cytokines in AITD by studying the immunoexpression patterns of IL-17, IL-23, and IL-1β in thyroid tissue. Following thyroidectomy, 29 patients with AITD (21 cases of Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) and 8 cases of Graves' disease (GD)) and 18 patients with colloid goiter, as controls, were enrolled in this study, and immunohistochemistry was performed. The expression level of IL-17 in thyrocytes was significantly higher in HT and GD patients than in colloid goiter patients. Immunopositivity for both IL-23 and IL-1β was significantly increased in HT patients compared to GD and colloid goiter patients. However, no difference was found between IL-23 or IL-1β expression in patients with GD and colloid goiter. A positive correlation between IL-17 and IL-23 as well as IL-17 and IL-1β expression was observed in HT patients (r = 0.574, p = 0.007 and r = 0.461, p = 0.036, respectively). In the GD group, IL-17 was positively correlated with IL-1β (r = 0.817, p = 0.013) but not with IL-23 expression. We found increased IL-23 and IL-1β expression in the HT group but not in the GD group. Furthermore, both interleukins were correlated with IL-17 immunopositivity in thyroid tissue, suggesting that pathogenic Th17-promoting cytokines may play a role in HT pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatjana Zake
- Institute of Anatomy and Anthropology, Riga Stradins University, Riga, LV-1010, Latvia
- Department of Internal Medicine, Riga Stradins University, Riga, LV-1007 Latvia
| | - Sandra Skuja
- Institute of Anatomy and Anthropology, Riga Stradins University, Riga, LV-1010, Latvia
| | - Ieva Kalere
- Department of Internal Medicine, Riga Stradins University, Riga, LV-1007 Latvia
| | - Ilze Konrade
- Department of Internal Medicine, Riga Stradins University, Riga, LV-1007 Latvia
| | - Valerija Groma
- Institute of Anatomy and Anthropology, Riga Stradins University, Riga, LV-1010, Latvia
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Gvianishvili T, Gogiashvili L, Chkhobadze M. MOLECULAR-BIOLOGICAL THYROID PROFILE DURING AUTOIMMUNE DISEASE - HASHIMOTO AND RIEDEL'S THYROIDITIS. Georgian Med News 2019:116-120. [PMID: 31322526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Investigated 62 sample of thyroid gland obtained after surgical intervention, including: HT (n=27), RT (n=9), Graves' disease (n=17) and papillary thyroid carcinoma (n = 10). The slides were studied using classical histological and immunohistochemical methods: H&E, TTF1, TSH, S100-protein, CD56 and p63. Dispite of the histological and immunohistochemical heterogeneity of Thyroiditis HT and RT, the progressive involution of the glandular tissue with the replacement by the sever fibrosis, in some cases by the scar tissue is observed as damage sign. In Hashimoto thyroiditis, the foci of follicular epithelium dysplasia were determined, with p63 positive and CD56 negative reactions. Graves' disease is characterized by high TSH expression as well as lymphoproliferation with the formation of large fused nodules with germinative centers. With Riedel's thyroiditis, there is a moderate expression of TTF-1 in the stroma and capillary endotheliocytes, as well as diffuse-focal moderate expression of S100 protein in cells of neuroectodermal population. The reaction to malignant transformation markers - CD56 and p63 - in the tissue of Thyroid gland with Thyroiditis, Riedel was definitely negative.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - M Chkhobadze
- 2Akaki Tsereteli Kutaisi State University, Georgia
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31
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Bladowska J, Waliszewska-Prosół M, Ejma M, Sąsiadek M. The metabolic alterations within the normal appearing brain in patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis are correlated with hormonal changes. Metab Brain Dis 2019; 34:53-60. [PMID: 30242734 PMCID: PMC6351519 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-018-0318-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) is the most common autoimmune disease in humans usually associated with subsequent hypothyroidism. The purpose of the study was to assess metabolic alterations within the normal appearing brain in subjects with HT using MR spectroscopy (MRS) and to correlate MRS measurements with hormonal concentrations. Fifty-five HT patients (mean age 43.5 yrs) and 30 healthy controls (mean age 42.5 yrs) were examined with the use of a 1.5 T MR scanner. There were no signs of central nervous system involvement in the studied group. The MRS examinations were performed using the single voxel method. The voxels were placed in the left parietal white matter (PWM) and the posterior cingulate gyrus (PCG). The NAA/Cr, Cho/Cr, and mI/Cr ratios were calculated. The correlations between metabolite ratios and hormonal concentrations (TSH, fT3, fT4) as well as anti-TG and anti-TPO levels were also assessed. We found significantly (p < 0.05) decreased NAA/Cr ratios in PCG and PWM in HT subjects compared to the control group. There were no other significant differences in metabolite ratios. We observed significant positive correlations between the NAA/Cr ratio in PCG as well as the PWM and fT3 level. There was also a significant negative correlation between the Cho/Cr ratio in the PCG and fT4 level. MRS could be a sensitive biomarker capable of depicting early cerebral metabolic disturbances associated with HT. Our findings may indicate the reduction of neuronal activity within the normal appearing brain in patients with HT as well as suggesting that there is a possible biological association between thyroid dysfunction and cerebral metabolic changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Bladowska
- Department of General Radiology, Interventional Radiology and Neuroradiology, Wrocław Medical University, Wrocław, Poland
| | | | - Maria Ejma
- Department of Neurology, Wrocław Medical University, ul. Borowska 213, 50-556, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Marek Sąsiadek
- Department of General Radiology, Interventional Radiology and Neuroradiology, Wrocław Medical University, Wrocław, Poland
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Lubin D, Baraban E, Lisby A, Jalali-Farahani S, Zhang P, Livolsi V. Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma Emerging from Hashimoto Thyroiditis Demonstrates Increased PD-L1 Expression, Which Persists with Metastasis. Endocr Pathol 2018; 29:317-323. [PMID: 30121940 DOI: 10.1007/s12022-018-9540-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
There is evidence that programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) is expressed by thyroid follicular epithelium in thyroiditis, but the role of PD-L1 in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is poorly understood. We aimed to determine whether (1) the presence of background chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis (CLT) or Hashimoto thyroiditis (HT) influenced the expression of PD-L1 in benign follicular epithelium or in PTC and (2) if PD-L1 expression in PTC persisted with lymph node metastasis. We performed immunohistochemistry (IHC) for PD-L1 on formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues. We first studied five cases of unremarkable thyroid, five cases of CLT, and five cases of HT without carcinoma. We subsequently performed PD-L1 IHC on ten cases of PTC arising in normal thyroid, ten cases of PTC arising in CLT, and ten cases of PTC arising in HT. Whenever available, we evaluated corresponding synchronous lymph node metastases from all cases for PD-L1 expression. PD-L1 expression was increased (10-90%) in all five cases of HT, only minimal expressed (1-5%) in two of five cases of CLT, and not expressed in five cases of unremarkable thyroid. PTC arising in normal thyroid or CLT nearly uniformly lacked PD-L1 expression. In contrast, PTC arising in HT demonstrated significant PD-L1 expression, which persisted in corresponding lymph node metastases. Background non-neoplastic follicular epithelium in the HT cases also demonstrated PD-L1 expression. Thyroid follicular epithelium in HT demonstrates increased PD-L1 expression, and PTC arising in a background of HT shows increased PD-L1 expression, which is retained with metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Lubin
- Department of Pathology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, 6 Founders, 3400 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
| | - Ezra Baraban
- Department of Pathology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, 6 Founders, 3400 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Amanda Lisby
- Department of Pathology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, 6 Founders, 3400 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Sahar Jalali-Farahani
- Department of Pathology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, 6 Founders, 3400 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Paul Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, 6 Founders, 3400 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Virginia Livolsi
- Department of Pathology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, 6 Founders, 3400 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE We aimed to investigate the effects of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis and progression of Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT). METHODS Forty euthyroid and 40 subclinical hypothyroid patients older than 18 years and not yet had received treatment were enrolled in the study. RESULTS In the 9 months follow-up, 14 of the HT patients developed overt hypothyroidism. The mean total oxidant status (TOS) and oxidative stress index (OSI) were higher in patients who developed overt hypothyroidism than those who did not (p < .001). And no significant difference was found between the two groups in terms of paraoxanase-1 and arylesterase (p > .05). Multivariable Cox regression model showed thyroid stimulating hormone level (HR = 1.348, p < .001), free-thyroxine level (HR = 0.481, p = .017) and OSI ratio (HR = 2.349, p < .001) to be independent predictors of development of overt hypothyroidism. OSI level, being over 2.96 with 92.9% sensitivity and 62.5% specificity, predicts the risk of hypothyroidism. CONCLUSION Oxidative stress may be an effective risk factor in the development of overt hypothyroidism in HT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ihsan Ates
- a Department of Internal Medicine , Ankara Numune Training and Research Hospital , Ankara , Turkey
| | - Mehmet Fettah Arikan
- a Department of Internal Medicine , Ankara Numune Training and Research Hospital , Ankara , Turkey
| | - Mustafa Altay
- a Department of Internal Medicine , Ankara Numune Training and Research Hospital , Ankara , Turkey
| | - Fatma Meric Yilmaz
- b Department of Biochemistry , Ankara Numune Training and Research Hospital , Ankara , Turkey
| | - Nisbet Yilmaz
- a Department of Internal Medicine , Ankara Numune Training and Research Hospital , Ankara , Turkey
| | - Dilek Berker
- c Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism , Ankara Numune Training and Research Hospital , Ankara , Turkey
| | - Serdar Guler
- c Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism , Ankara Numune Training and Research Hospital , Ankara , Turkey
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34
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Lu Q, Luo X, Mao C, Zheng T, Liu B, Dong X, Zhou Y, Xu C, Mou X, Wu F, Bu L, Yuan G. Caveolin-1 regulates autophagy activity in thyroid follicular cells and is involved in Hashimoto's thyroiditis disease. Endocr J 2018; 65:893-901. [PMID: 29877208 DOI: 10.1507/endocrj.ej18-0003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) is considered a T helper-type 1 (Th1) cytokine-dominant autoimmune thyroid disease. Caveolin-1 (Cav-1), a part of the thyroxisome multiprotein complex, is localized at the apical pole of thyrocytes and is indispensable for synthesis of thyroid hormones and modulation of oxidative stress in order to avoid cell damage and apoptosis. Reduced autophagy induces thyroid follicular cells (TFC) apoptosis by activating reactive oxygen species (ROS) in HT patients. Nevertheless, whether Cav-1 has roles in the regulation of autophagy remains largely unclear. In this study, we examined Th1 cytokines and Cav-1 expression in HT thyroid tissues, determined the effects of interleukin-1beta (IL-1β) and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) on Cav-1 and autophagy activity in TFC, and investigated the association between Cav-1 and autophagy activity in vitro. Our results indicate that higher levels of IL-1β and IFN-γ and lower levels of Cav-1 were expressed in thyroid tissues of HT patients than in those of normal controls. Cav-1 mRNA and protein levels were significantly decreased in TFC exposed to IL-1β and IFN-γ, accompanied by decreased expression of autophagy-related protein LC3B-II. Interestingly, small interfering RNA (siRNA)-mediated Cav-1 knockdown in TFC reduced LC3B-II protein expression. Taken together, these results suggest that lack of Cav-1 expression inhibited autophagy activity in TFC exposed to Th1 cytokines (IL-1β and IFN-γ), which might be a novel pathogenetic mechanism of HT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingyan Lu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212001, China
| | - Xuan Luo
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212001, China
| | - Chaoming Mao
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212001, China
- Institute of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212001, China
| | - Tingting Zheng
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212001, China
| | - Baocui Liu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212001, China
| | - Xin Dong
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212001, China
| | - Yuepeng Zhou
- Institute of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212001, China
| | - Chengcheng Xu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212001, China
| | - Xiao Mou
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212001, China
| | - Fei Wu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212001, China
| | - Ling Bu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212001, China
| | - Guoyue Yuan
- Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212001, China
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Abstract
RATIONALE Hashimoto's encephalopathy (HE) is associated with autoimmune thyroid disease and is complex, diverse, and easily misdiagnosed. However, if HE is diagnosed and treated in a timely manner, an optimal prognosis may be achieved. PATIENT CONCERNS We presented a case of a 63-year-old female patient with paroxysmal dizziness, unsteady gait, emotion apathy, progressive cognitive impairment, and unusual magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings. DIAGNOSES After suffering for almost 8 years, the patient was diagnosed with HE based on clinical manifestation, abnormal electroencephalogram, unusual MRI findings, sensitivity to cortisol treatment, and characteristic high antithyroid peroxidase antibody (TpoAb) titer. INTERVENTIONS The patient continued regular glucocorticoids therapy after intravenous methylprednisolone pulse therapy, neurotrophic drugs, traditional Chinese medicine and rehabilitation to relieve hypermyotonia and cognitive impairment. OUTCOMES After combined treatment, the patient's symptoms, electroencephalogram (EEG), MRI, and the TpoAb titer gradually improved. However, the patient had to stop glucocorticoids treatment because of severe osteoporosis, fractures and other adverse reactions. Her symptoms fluctuated, and her TpoAb titer increased again. LESSONS HE may cause highly heterogeneous clinical features, particularly MRI findings. Withdrawal of the systematic glucocorticoids treatment can lead to varied outcomes in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan-Xin Kong
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine Clinical Medical School of Shenzhen
- Department of Encephalopathy and Psychology, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Qing-Hong Lu
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine Clinical Medical School of Shenzhen
| | - Zhou-Ke Guo
- Department of Encephalopathy and Psychology, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
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Guo Q, Wu D, Yu H, Bao J, Peng S, Shan Z, Guan H, Teng W. Alterations of Global DNA Methylation and DNA Methyltransferase Expression in T and B Lymphocytes from Patients with Newly Diagnosed Autoimmune Thyroid Diseases After Treatment: A Follow-Up Study. Thyroid 2018; 28:377-385. [PMID: 29336230 DOI: 10.1089/thy.2017.0301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dysregulated DNA methylation in lymphocytes has been linked to autoimmune disorders. The aims of this study were to identify global DNA methylation patterns in patients with autoimmune thyroid diseases and to observe methylation changes after treatment for these conditions. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted, including the following patients: 51 with newly diagnosed Graves' disease (GD), 28 with autoimmune hypothyroidism (AIT), 29 with positive thyroid autoantibodies, and 39 matched healthy volunteers. Forty GD patients treated with radioiodine or antithyroid drugs and 28 AIT patients treated with L-thyroxine were followed for three months. Serum free triiodothyronine, free thyroxine, thyrotropin, thyroid peroxidase antibodies, thyroglobulin antibodies, and thyrotropin receptor antibodies were assayed using electrochemiluminescent immunoassays. CD3+ T and CD19+ B cells were separated by flow cytometry for total DNA and RNA extraction. Global DNA methylation levels were determined by absorptiometry using a methylation quantification kit. DNA methyltransferase (DNMT) expression levels were detected by real-time polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS Hypomethylation and down-regulated DNMT1 expression in T and B lymphocytes were observed in the newly diagnosed GD patients. Neither the AIT patients nor the positive thyroid autoantibodies patients exhibited differences in their global DNA methylation status or DNMT mRNA levels compared with healthy controls. Antithyroid drugs restored global methylation and DNMT1 expression in both T and B lymphocytes, whereas radioiodine therapy affected only T cells. L-thyroxine replacement did not alter the methylation or DNMT expression levels in lymphocytes. The global methylation levels of B cells were negatively correlated with the serum thyroid peroxidase antibodies in patients with autoimmune thyroid diseases. CONCLUSIONS Hyperthyroid patients with newly diagnosed GD had global hypomethylation and lower DNMT1 expression in T and B lymphocytes. The results provide the first demonstration that antithyroid drugs or radioiodine treatment restore global DNA methylation and DNMT1 expression with concurrent relief of hyperthyroidism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingling Guo
- 1 Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrine Diseases, The First Hospital of China Medical University , Shenyang, Liaoning, P.R. China
| | - Dan Wu
- 1 Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrine Diseases, The First Hospital of China Medical University , Shenyang, Liaoning, P.R. China
- 2 Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Shenyang Medical College (Shenyang 242 Hospital) , Shenyang, P.R. China
| | - Huixin Yu
- 3 Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Ministry of Health, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine , Wuxi, P.R. China
| | - Jiandong Bao
- 3 Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Ministry of Health, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine , Wuxi, P.R. China
| | - Shiqiao Peng
- 1 Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrine Diseases, The First Hospital of China Medical University , Shenyang, Liaoning, P.R. China
| | - Zhongyan Shan
- 1 Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrine Diseases, The First Hospital of China Medical University , Shenyang, Liaoning, P.R. China
| | - Haixia Guan
- 1 Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrine Diseases, The First Hospital of China Medical University , Shenyang, Liaoning, P.R. China
| | - Weiping Teng
- 1 Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrine Diseases, The First Hospital of China Medical University , Shenyang, Liaoning, P.R. China
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) is an autoimmune thyroid disease characterized by low expression of transcription factor Forkhead Box P3 (FOXP3) and functional deficiency of a cluster of differentiation regulatory T cells (Tregs). This study aimed to investigate the mechanism of Treg dysfunction in HT. METHODS The number of CD4+CD25+FOXP3+ T cells was determined by flow cytometry. Expression of FOXP3 and Sirtuin type 1 (SIRT1) was evaluated by Western blot analysis. Acetylation of FOXP3 was analyzed by immunoprecipitation and Western blot analysis. The suppressive function of Treg was analyzed by the 5,6-carboxyfluorescein diacetate succinimidyl ester (CFSE) assay. RESULTS The percentage of CD4+CD25+FOXP3+ T cells, expression of FOXP3, and FOXP3 acetylation level in the HT group were significantly lower than in the control groups. Conversely, SIRT1 expression was significantly higher in the HT group than in the other two groups. After Ex-527 treatment, the CD4+CD25+FOXP3+ T cells percentage, FOXP3 expression, and FOXP3 acetylation level in the HT group were significantly increased. HT Tregs exhibited less suppressive activity, but Ex-527 treatment significantly increased their suppressive activity. CONCLUSIONS The findings demonstrate that the reduced FOXP3 expression level and Treg function defect in HT patients are regulated by SIRT1-mediated abnormal FOXP3 acetylation. Ex-527 may upregulate the FOXP3 acetylation level and subsequently increase the number and suppressive function of Treg cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Yang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University , Shenyang, P.R. China
| | - Yu Lun
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University , Shenyang, P.R. China
| | - Han Jiang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University , Shenyang, P.R. China
| | - Xun Liu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University , Shenyang, P.R. China
| | - Zhiquan Duan
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University , Shenyang, P.R. China
| | - Shijie Xin
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University , Shenyang, P.R. China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University , Shenyang, P.R. China
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Tomari S, Watanabe M, Inoue N, Mizuma T, Yamanaka C, Hidaka Y, Iwatani Y. The polymorphisms in the thyroid peroxidase gene were associated with the development of autoimmune thyroid disease and the serum levels of anti-thyroid peroxidase antibody. Endocr J 2017; 64:1025-1032. [PMID: 28845025 DOI: 10.1507/endocrj.ej17-0191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Graves' disease (GD) and Hashimoto's disease (HD) are well known autoimmune thyroid diseases (AITDs), and the severity and intractability of AITDs varies among patients. Thyroid peroxidase (TPO) is a thyroid-specific antigen. The levels of anti-thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPOAb) were higher in patients with HD and may be associated with thyroid destruction. In this study, we genotyped eight single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the TPO gene to clarify the association of TPO gene polymorphisms with the development, severity and intractability of AITD. We genotyped TPO rs2071399G/A, rs2071400C/T, rs2071402A/G, rs2071403A/G, rs1126799C/T, rs1126797T/C, rs732609A/C, and rs2048722A/G polymorphisms in 145 patients with GD, 147 patients with HD and 92 healthy controls by PCR-RFLP method. TPO rs2071400 T carriers (CT + TT genotypes) were more frequent in AITD, GD, and HD patients (p=0.0079, 0.0041, and 0.0488, respectively). The TPO rs2071403 GG genotype was more frequent in AITD, GD, and HD patients (p=0.0227, 0.0465, and 0.0305, respectively). There was no significant association between the SNPs and the prognosis of AITD. Serum levels of TPOAb were significantly higher in AITD patients with TPO rs2071400 T carriers (CT + TT genotypes) than in those with the CC genotype (p=0.0295), and were also significantly higher in AITD patients with TPO rs2048722 T carriers (CT + TT genotypes) than in those with the CC genotype (p=0.0056). In conclusion, TPO rs2071400 and rs2071403 polymorphisms were associated with the development of HD and GD, but not with the prognosis. Moreover, TPO rs2071400 and rs2048722 polymorphisms were associated with the serum levels of TPOAb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saki Tomari
- Department of Biomedical Informatics Division of Health Sciences Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita 565-0871, Japan
| | - Mikio Watanabe
- Department of Biomedical Informatics Division of Health Sciences Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita 565-0871, Japan
| | - Naoya Inoue
- Department of Biomedical Informatics Division of Health Sciences Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita 565-0871, Japan
- Laboratory for Clinical Investigation, Osaka University Hospital, Suita 565-0871, Japan
| | - Tomoyo Mizuma
- Department of Biomedical Informatics Division of Health Sciences Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita 565-0871, Japan
| | - Chika Yamanaka
- Department of Biomedical Informatics Division of Health Sciences Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yoh Hidaka
- Laboratory for Clinical Investigation, Osaka University Hospital, Suita 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Iwatani
- Department of Biomedical Informatics Division of Health Sciences Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita 565-0871, Japan
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Vitales-Noyola M, Ramos-Levi AM, Martínez-Hernández R, Serrano-Somavilla A, Sampedro-Nuñez M, González-Amaro R, Marazuela M. Pathogenic Th17 and Th22 cells are increased in patients with autoimmune thyroid disorders. Endocrine 2017; 57:409-417. [PMID: 28669056 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-017-1361-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2017] [Accepted: 06/21/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To study the levels of pathogenic and non-pathogenic Th17 and Th22 cells in autoimmune thyroid disorders patients. Although Th17 cells seem to play an important role in the pathogenesis of thyroid autoimmune disorders, the specific subsets of these lymphocytes have not been analyzed in this condition. METHODS We assessed the levels of Th17 (pathogenic and non-pathogenic) and Th22 cells in peripheral blood and thyroid glands of autoimmune thyroid disorders patients (n = 26, 16 with Graves' disease and 10 with Hashimoto's thyroiditis) and 15 healthy controls by multi-parametric flow cytometry and immunofluorescence microscopy. RESULTS We found increased levels of pathogenic Th17 lymphocytes and Th22 cells in peripheral blood from autoimmune thyroid disorders patients. In addition, these cells were detected in thyroid glands from HT patients. Furthermore, we found significant correlations between the levels of these cells and disease activity, disease duration, and the presence of ophthalmopathy. CONCLUSIONS The increased levels of pathogenic Th17 lymphocytes and Th22 cells in autoimmune thyroid disorders suggest their involvement in the pathogenesis of this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlen Vitales-Noyola
- Departament of Immunology, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, Mexico
| | - Ana M Ramos-Levi
- Department of Endocrinology, Immunology and Molecular Biology Unit, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Instituto Princesa, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rebeca Martínez-Hernández
- Department of Endocrinology, Immunology and Molecular Biology Unit, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Instituto Princesa, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Serrano-Somavilla
- Department of Endocrinology, Immunology and Molecular Biology Unit, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Instituto Princesa, Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel Sampedro-Nuñez
- Department of Endocrinology, Immunology and Molecular Biology Unit, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Instituto Princesa, Madrid, Spain
| | - Roberto González-Amaro
- Departament of Immunology, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, Mexico
- Research Center of Health Sciences and Biomedicine (CICSaB), Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, Mexico
| | - Mónica Marazuela
- Department of Endocrinology, Immunology and Molecular Biology Unit, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Instituto Princesa, Madrid, Spain.
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Liu Y, Gong Y, Qu C, Zhang Y, You R, Yu N, Lu G, Huang Y, Zhang H, Gao Y, Gao Y, Guo X. CD32b expression is down-regulated on double-negative memory B cells in patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2017; 440:1-7. [PMID: 27832986 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2016.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2016] [Revised: 10/10/2016] [Accepted: 11/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Inhibitory CD32b receptors on B cells are critical for humoral immunity. The humoral response plays a role in the pathogenesis of Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT). This study aimed to investigate B cell subset distribution and CD32b expression within these subsets in HT patients. B cell subset distribution and CD32b expression were analyzed in 60 HT patients and 21 healthy donors. Subset distribution and CD32b expression following stimulation with α-Ig and α-CD40 were also assessed. The percentage of double-negative (DN) memory cells was increased in the HT patients, while the expression level of CD32b on DN memory cells was decreased. Redistribution of B cell subsets was detected in response to stimulation with α-Ig. In addition, the expression level of CD32b was reduced following α-CD40 stimulation. These results suggest that abnormal B cell subset distribution and decreased CD32b expression on DN memory cells might be involved in the pathogenesis of HT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yalei Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, 100034, PR China.
| | - Yan Gong
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, 100034, PR China.
| | - Chenxue Qu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, 100034, PR China.
| | - Yang Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, 100034, PR China.
| | - Ran You
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, 100034, PR China.
| | - Nan Yu
- Department of Endocrinology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, 100034, PR China.
| | - Guizhi Lu
- Department of Endocrinology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, 100034, PR China.
| | - Youyuan Huang
- Department of Endocrinology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, 100034, PR China.
| | - Hong Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, 100034, PR China.
| | - Ying Gao
- Department of Endocrinology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, 100034, PR China.
| | - Yanming Gao
- Department of Endocrinology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, 100034, PR China.
| | - Xiaohui Guo
- Department of Endocrinology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, 100034, PR China.
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Lee J, Yi S, Kang YE, Chang JY, Kim JT, Sul HJ, Kim JO, Kim JM, Kim J, Porcelli AM, Kim KS, Shong M. Defective ciliogenesis in thyroid hürthle cell tumors is associated with increased autophagy. Oncotarget 2016; 7:79117-79130. [PMID: 27816963 PMCID: PMC5346702 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.12997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary cilia are found in the apical membrane of thyrocytes, where they may play a role in the maintenance of follicular homeostasis. In this study, we examined the distribution of primary cilia in the human thyroid cancer to address the involvement of abnormal ciliogenesis in different thyroid cancers. We examined 92 human thyroid tissues, including nodular hyperplasia, Hashimoto's thyroiditis, follicular tumor, Hürthle cell tumor, and papillary carcinoma to observe the distribution of primary cilia. The distribution and length of primary cilia facing the follicular lumen were uniform across variable-sized follicles in the normal thyroid gland. However, most Hürthle cells found in benign and malignant thyroid diseases were devoid of primary cilia. Conventional variant of papillary carcinoma (PTC) displayed longer primary cilia than those of healthy tissue, whereas both the frequency and length of primary cilia were decreased in oncocytic variant of PTC. In addition, ciliogenesis was markedly defective in primary Hürthle cell tumors, including Hürthle cell adenomas and carcinomas, which showed higher level of autophagosome biogenesis. Remarkably, inhibition of autophagosome formation by Atg5 silencing or treatment with pharmacological inhibitors of autophagosome formation restored ciliogenesis in the Hürthle cell carcinoma cell line XTC.UC1 which exhibits a high basal autophagic flux. Moreover, the inhibition of autophagy promoted the accumulation of two factors critical for ciliogenesis, IFT88 and ARL13B. These results suggest that abnormal ciliogenesis, a common feature of Hürthle cells in diseased thyroid glands, is associated with increased basal autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junguee Lee
- Department of Pathology, Daejeon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Jung-gu, Daejeon, 34943, Republic of Korea
| | - Shinae Yi
- Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Jung-gu, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea
| | - Yea Eun Kang
- Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Jung-gu, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon Young Chang
- Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Jung-gu, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Tae Kim
- Department of Medical Science, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Jung-gu, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae Joung Sul
- Department of Pathology, Daejeon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Jung-gu, Daejeon, 34943, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Ok Kim
- Department of Pathology, Daejeon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Jung-gu, Daejeon, 34943, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Man Kim
- Department of Pathology, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Jung-gu, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon Kim
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, KAIST, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Anna Maria Porcelli
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology-FABIT, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy and Interdepartmental Industrial Research Center on Health Sciences and Technologies, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Koon Soon Kim
- Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Jung-gu, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea
- Department of Medical Science, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Jung-gu, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea
| | - Minho Shong
- Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Jung-gu, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea
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Tsagareli Z, Kvachadze T, Melikadze E, Metreveli L, Nikobadze E, Gogiashvili L. HURTLE CELLS IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL ACTIVITIES IN HASHIMOTO THYROIDITIS PARENCHYMA. Georgian Med News 2016:42-46. [PMID: 28009314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The present study was designed to evaluate the participation and utility of Hǘrtle cells morphological requirment and transformation under Hashimoto autoimmune thyroiditis versus Riedel´s struma. Several markers have been evaluated to detect induced activities of Hǘrtle cells. Study subject - specimens (tissue fragments) collected from TG surgery (thyroidectomy) for mollecular (receptor) diagnosis of Hǘrtle cells activities using routine histological and immunohistochemical samples. 89 cases were selected in Hashimoto thyroiditis diagnosis with Hǘrtle cells history (adenoma and adenomatous grouth of oncocytes). Markers as: TSH receptors, TTF-1, S-100 protein, also anti-TPO and anti-TG levels in blood plasm were detected. It was shown that solid cell claster-nests like agregation of oncocytes and adenomatous growth foci in parafollicular areas with anti-TPO and anti-TG antibodies levels arising while Riedel´s struma shown only large intra- and extra glandular inflammatory proliferative fibrosing process. Large positive expression of TTF-1 and S-100 protein and the negative reaction of TSH receptor factor suggest that Thyroid parenchyma disorganization and mollecular biological atypia with Hǘrtle cells are proceses due to hypothyreoidismus, as well as neuroectodermal cells prominent activities in 70% of Hashimoto cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Tsagareli
- I. Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University, Alexandre Natishvili Institute of Morphology, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - T Kvachadze
- I. Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University, Alexandre Natishvili Institute of Morphology, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - E Melikadze
- I. Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University, Alexandre Natishvili Institute of Morphology, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - L Metreveli
- I. Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University, Alexandre Natishvili Institute of Morphology, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - E Nikobadze
- I. Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University, Alexandre Natishvili Institute of Morphology, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - L Gogiashvili
- I. Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University, Alexandre Natishvili Institute of Morphology, Tbilisi, Georgia
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Werion A, Joris V, Hepp M, Papasokrati L, Marique L, de Ville de Goyet C, Van Regemorter V, Mourad M, Lengelé B, Daumerie C, Marbaix E, Brichard S, Many MC, Craps J. Pioglitazone, a PPARγ Agonist, Upregulates the Expression of Caveolin-1 and Catalase, Essential for Thyroid Cell Homeostasis: A Clue to the Pathogenesis of Hashimoto's Thyroiditis. Thyroid 2016; 26:1320-31. [PMID: 27324467 DOI: 10.1089/thy.2015.0625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) is a transcription factor that regulates the expression of multiple target genes involved in several metabolic pathways as well as in inflammation. The expression and cell localization of caveolin-1 (Cav-1), thyroperoxidase (TPO), and dual oxidase (DUOX), involved in extracellular iodination, is modulated by Th1 cytokines in human normal thyroid cells and in Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT). OBJECTIVES The objectives of this study were (i) to analyze the PPARγ protein and mRNA expression at the follicular level in HT versus controls in correlation with the one of Cav-1; (ii) to study the effects of Th1 cytokines on PPARγ and catalase expression in human thyrocyte primary cultures; and (iii) to study the effects of pioglitazone, a PPARγ agonist, on thyroxisome components (Cav-1, TPO, DUOX) and on catalase, involved in antioxidant defense. RESULTS Although the global expression of PPARγ in the whole gland of patients with HT was not modified compared with controls, there was great heterogeneity among glands and among follicles within the same thyroid. Besides normal (type 1) follicles, there were around inflammatory zones, hyperactive (type 2) follicles with high PPARγ and Cav-1 expression, and inactive (type 3) follicles which were unable to form thyroxine and did not express PPARγ or Cav-1. In human thyrocytes in primary culture, Th1 cytokines decreased PPARγ and catalase expression; pioglitazone increased Cav-1, TPO, and catalase expression. CONCLUSION PPARγ may play a central role in normal thyroid physiology by upregulating Cav-1, essential for the organization of the thyroxisome and extracellular iodination. By upregulating catalase, PPARγ may also contribute to cell homeostasis. The inhibitory effect of Th1 cytokines on PPARγ expression may be considered as a new pathogenetic mechanism for HT, and the use of PPARγ agonists could open a new therapeutic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis Werion
- 1 Pôles de Morphologie, Université Catholique de Louvain , Brussels, Belgium
| | - Virginie Joris
- 2 de Pharmacologie et Thérapeutique, et, Université Catholique de Louvain , Brussels, Belgium
| | - Michael Hepp
- 1 Pôles de Morphologie, Université Catholique de Louvain , Brussels, Belgium
| | - Lida Papasokrati
- 1 Pôles de Morphologie, Université Catholique de Louvain , Brussels, Belgium
| | - Lancelot Marique
- 1 Pôles de Morphologie, Université Catholique de Louvain , Brussels, Belgium
| | | | | | - Michel Mourad
- 3 de Chirurgie, et, Université Catholique de Louvain , Brussels, Belgium
| | - Benoit Lengelé
- 1 Pôles de Morphologie, Université Catholique de Louvain , Brussels, Belgium
| | - Chantal Daumerie
- 4 Départements d'Endocrinologie, Université Catholique de Louvain , Brussels, Belgium
| | - Etienne Marbaix
- 5 d'Anatomo-pathologie, Secteur des Sciences de la Santé, Faculté de Médecine, Université Catholique de Louvain , Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sonia Brichard
- 4 Départements d'Endocrinologie, Université Catholique de Louvain , Brussels, Belgium
- 6 d'Endocrinologie, Diabète et Nutrition, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université Catholique de Louvain , Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - Julie Craps
- 1 Pôles de Morphologie, Université Catholique de Louvain , Brussels, Belgium
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Rodríguez-Muñoz A, Vitales-Noyola M, Ramos-Levi A, Serrano-Somavilla A, González-Amaro R, Marazuela M. Levels of regulatory T cells CD69(+)NKG2D(+)IL-10(+) are increased in patients with autoimmune thyroid disorders. Endocrine 2016; 51:478-89. [PMID: 26100786 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-015-0662-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2015] [Accepted: 06/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Regulatory T (Treg) cells play an important role in the pathogenesis of autoimmune thyroid disorders (AITD). New subsets of CD4(+)CD69(+) and CD4(+)NKG2D(+) T lymphocytes that behave as regulatory cells have been recently reported. The role of these immunoregulatory lymphocytes has not been previously explored in AITD. We analyzed by multi-parametric flow cytometry different Treg cell subsets in peripheral blood from 32 patients with AITD and 19 controls, and in thyroid tissue from seven patients. The suppressive activity was measured by an assay of inhibition of lymphocyte activation. We found a significant increased percentage of CD4(+)CD69(+)IL-10(+), CD4(+)CD69(+)NKG2D(+), and CD4(+)CD69(+)IL-10(+)NKG2D(+) cells, in peripheral blood from GD patients compared to controls. The increase in CD4(+)CD69(+)IL-10(+) and CD4(+)CD69(+)IL-10(+)NKG2D(+) T cells was especially remarkable in patients with active Graves' ophthalmopathy (GO), and a significant positive correlation between GO activity and CD4(+)CD69(+)IL-10(+) or CD4(+)CD69(+)IL-10(+)NKG2D(+) cells was also found. In addition, these cells were increased in patients with a more severe and/or prolonged disease. Thyroid from AITD patients showed an increased proportion of CD69(+) regulatory T cells subpopulations compared to autologous peripheral blood. The presence of CD69(+), NKG2D(+), and IL-10(+) cells was confirmed by immunofluorescence microscopy. In vitro functional assays showed that CD69(+) Treg cells exerted an important suppressive effect on the activation of T effector cells in controls, but not in AITD patients. Our findings suggest that the levels of CD69(+) regulatory lymphocytes are increased in AITD patients, but they are apparently unable to down-modulate the autoimmune response and tissue damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Rodríguez-Muñoz
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C/Diego de León 62, 28006, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Ana Ramos-Levi
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C/Diego de León 62, 28006, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Serrano-Somavilla
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C/Diego de León 62, 28006, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Mónica Marazuela
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C/Diego de León 62, 28006, Madrid, Spain.
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Ates I, Yilmaz FM, Altay M, Yilmaz N, Berker D, Güler S. The relationship between oxidative stress and autoimmunity in Hashimoto's thyroiditis. Eur J Endocrinol 2015; 173:791-9. [PMID: 26340971 DOI: 10.1530/eje-15-0617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2015] [Accepted: 09/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We have aimed to study the relation between Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) and thyroid autoantibodies and oxidative stress parameters in euthyroid, subclinical and overt hypothyroid stages. DESIGN AND METHODS A total of 124 patients were included in the study; 93 of whom were newly diagnosed with HT (31 patients in each of the euthyroid, subclinical hypothyroid and overt hypothyroid subgroups), aged over 18 and had not received any prior treatment and 31 of whom were healthy volunteers. RESULTS Total oxidant status (TOS) and oxidative stress index (OSI) levels were higher, and total antioxidant status (TAS) and total thiol and arylesterase levels were lower in the overt hypothyroid group compared to other groups. TOS and OSI levels increased, and TAS levels decreased significantly in each phase from euthyroid, subclinical hypothyroid, to overt hypothyroid subgroups among HT patients. There was a negative correlation between TAS, log (paraoxonase1) and paraoxonase1/HDL and anti-thyroid peroxidase and a negative correlation between anti-thyroglobulin and total thiol. It was also determined that overt hypothroidism was an individual predictor that effects all of the oxidative stress parameters, but not total thiol, levels. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that oxidative stress increases continuously during the development of subclinical hypothyroidism and overt hypothyroidism in patients with HT. To determine whether this is a cause or result, randomized, controlled trials that study the effect of antioxidant treatment on the development of overt hypothyroidism and its consequences, e.g., increase in total cholesterol levels, may be performed in euthyroid and/or subclinical hypothyroid patients with HT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ihsan Ates
- Departments of Internal MedicineBiochemistryEndocrinologyAnkara Numune Training and Research Hospital, Sıhhiye, Ankara 06100, Turkey
| | - Fatma Meric Yilmaz
- Departments of Internal MedicineBiochemistryEndocrinologyAnkara Numune Training and Research Hospital, Sıhhiye, Ankara 06100, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Altay
- Departments of Internal MedicineBiochemistryEndocrinologyAnkara Numune Training and Research Hospital, Sıhhiye, Ankara 06100, Turkey
| | - Nisbet Yilmaz
- Departments of Internal MedicineBiochemistryEndocrinologyAnkara Numune Training and Research Hospital, Sıhhiye, Ankara 06100, Turkey
| | - Dilek Berker
- Departments of Internal MedicineBiochemistryEndocrinologyAnkara Numune Training and Research Hospital, Sıhhiye, Ankara 06100, Turkey
| | - Serdar Güler
- Departments of Internal MedicineBiochemistryEndocrinologyAnkara Numune Training and Research Hospital, Sıhhiye, Ankara 06100, Turkey
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Kemp EH, Ajjan RA, Metcalfe RA, Watson PF, Weetman AP. IL-14 and IL-16 are expressed in the thyroid of patients with either Graves' disease or Hashimoto's thyroiditis. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2015; 83:726-32. [PMID: 25940130 DOI: 10.1111/cen.12810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2014] [Revised: 01/26/2015] [Accepted: 04/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Cytokines have an important role in orchestrating the pathophysiology in autoimmune thyroid disease. The aim of the current study was to analyse the expression of interleukin (IL)-14 and IL-16 in the thyroid tissue of patients with Graves' disease (GD), Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) or multinodular goitre (MNG) and in that of normal individuals, in patients' intrathyroidal CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells, and in patient and normal cultured thyroid follicular cells. METHODS The expression of IL-14 and IL-16 mRNA and protein was investigated using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) amplification, and Western blotting and ELISAs, respectively. RESULTS IL-14 mRNA expression was detected in thyroid tissue from 8/9 GD, 3/4 HT and 3/13 MNG patients and 1/6 normal individuals, and IL-16 mRNA expression in thyroid tissue from 9/9 GD, 4/4 HT and 9/13 MNG patients and 4/6 normal individuals. IL-14 mRNA expression was detected in intrathyroidal CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells from 2/2 GD and 2/2 HT patients, while IL-16 mRNA was detected in samples from 1/2 HT patients but not in those from either patient with GD. IL-14 and IL-16 mRNA expression was found in thyroid follicular cells derived from 2/2 patient with GD and 1/1 normal individual. IL-14 protein was detected in thyroid tissue from 6/6 GD, 1/1 HT and 0/6 MNG patients and 0/6 normal individuals, and IL-16 protein in thyroid tissue from 6/6 GD, 1/1 HT and 1/6 MNG patients and 0/6 normal individuals. Expression of IL-14 protein was stimulated in thyroid follicular cells derived from two patients with GD and one normal individual by peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC)-conditioned medium. Treatment of thyrocytes from two patients with GD and one normal individual with PBMC-conditioned medium and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α stimulated IL-16 protein expression. In normal thyrocytes, IL-16 protein synthesis was induced also by IL-1β, IL-17A, IL-4 and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β. CONCLUSIONS The data provide evidence that the intrathyroidal production of IL-14 and IL-16 is associated with the pathogenesis of autoimmune thyroid disease. Thyroid follicular cells display the ability to express IL-14 and IL-16 mRNA and can be stimulated to express IL-16 protein, by a panel of cytokines, and IL-14 protein, by as yet unidentified factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Helen Kemp
- Department of Human Metabolism, The Medical School, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Ramzi A Ajjan
- Leeds Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Russell A Metcalfe
- Department of Human Metabolism, The Medical School, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Philip F Watson
- Department of Human Metabolism, The Medical School, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Anthony P Weetman
- Department of Human Metabolism, The Medical School, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
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47
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Liu CR, Miao J, Zhao ZK, Li LY, Liu YM, Zhang YL, Li XH, Liu YQ, Gu YJ, Zhao Y, Luo JW. Functional human TSHβ splice variant produced by plasma cell may be involved in the immunologic injury of thyroid in the patient with Hashimoto's thyroiditis. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2015; 414:132-42. [PMID: 26170068 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2015.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2015] [Revised: 06/07/2015] [Accepted: 06/08/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Hashimoto's Thyroiditis (HT) is the most common cause of hypothyroidism in areas of the world where iodine levels are sufficient. However, the pathogenesis of HT has not been completely elucidated. The first functional human TSHβ splice variant was supposed to be involved in the pathology of Hashimoto's thyroiditis. The question remains as to which kind of intrathyroid cells expresses functional TSHβ splice variant and whether there are expression variations of functional TSHβ splice variant in the injured thyroid of patient with HT. For the answer to this question, immune-injured thyroids were obtained from 30 patients with HT. Localization study of functional TSHβ splice variant in injured thyroid was done by immunofluorescence double staining. Transcription and translation level of functional TSHβ splice variant were detected by using qRT-PCR and semi-quantitative immunohistochemistry method, respectively. The correlation between expression level of functional TSHβ splice variant and degree of thyroid follicles damage was assessed. It was firstly identified that functional TSHβ splice variant was predominately expressed by plasma cells infiltrated around follicles and germinal center in injured thyroid of patient with HT. Of particular interest, the TSHβ splice variant was expressed at significantly higher levels in the thyroid tissues of patients with HT than that in the normal thyroid tissues, furthermore, expression level of TSHβ splice variant was positive related with the degree of follicles damage in thyroid of patient with HT. These findings defined the immune-derived functional TSHβ splice variant that resided in the thyroid of patient with HT, which exerted the unique effects on the pathogenesis of HT, meanwhile, we considered these findings to have significant implications for understanding immune-endocrine interactions in a number of ways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-rong Liu
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Logistics University of Chinese People's Armed Police Force, Tianjin 300162, China.
| | - Jun Miao
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Logistics University of Chinese People's Armed Police Force, Tianjin 300162, China
| | - Zhan-kao Zhao
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Logistics University of Chinese People's Armed Police Force, Tianjin 300162, China
| | - Lan-ying Li
- Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Ministry of Health, Metabolic Diseases Hospital, Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, China
| | - Ya-min Liu
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Logistics University of Chinese People's Armed Police Force, Tianjin 300162, China
| | - Yong-liang Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Logistics University of Chinese People's Armed Police Force, Tianjin 300162, China
| | - Xue-hua Li
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Logistics University of Chinese People's Armed Police Force, Tianjin 300162, China
| | - Yan-qing Liu
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Logistics University of Chinese People's Armed Police Force, Tianjin 300162, China
| | - Yan-jun Gu
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Logistics University of Chinese People's Armed Police Force, Tianjin 300162, China
| | - Yue Zhao
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Logistics University of Chinese People's Armed Police Force, Tianjin 300162, China
| | - Jian-wen Luo
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Logistics University of Chinese People's Armed Police Force, Tianjin 300162, China
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Zirilli G, Velletri MR, Porcaro F, Candela G, Maisano P, La Monica G. In children with Hashimoto's thyroiditis the evolution over time of thyroid status may differ according to the different presentation patterns. Acta Biomed 2015; 86:137-141. [PMID: 26422427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2015] [Accepted: 03/11/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
AIM to report the salient literature news concerning the relationships between thyroid function presenting patterns and subsequent biochemical evolution of Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) in pediatric age. DESIGN the most recent reports from pediatric literature concerning biochemical thyroid function patterns at HT presentation and their spontaneous changes over time were analyzed and shortly commented. RESULTS from the analysis of pediatric literature on this theme, it emerges that HT in children may present with a very heterogeneous biochemical picture ranging from overt hypothyroidism to overt hyperthyroidism. The presenting biochemical pattern may also condition its subsequent evolution over time. CONCLUSIONS a) the most common biochemical pattern at HT diagnosis in children is euthyroidism, followed by overt hypothyroidism, subclinical hypothyroidism (SH) and hyperthyroidism; b) the association with HT negatively affects the evolution over time of SH; c) in the cases with either Turner syndrome or Down syndrome the evolution over time of SH is more severe than in those without these chromosomopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppina Zirilli
- Department of Pediatric, Gynecological, Microbiological and Biomedical Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy.
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Campi I, Tosi D, Rossi S, Vannucchi G, Covelli D, Colombo F, Trombetta E, Porretti L, Vicentini L, Cantoni G, Currò N, Beck-Peccoz P, Bulfamante G, Salvi M. B Cell Activating Factor (BAFF) and BAFF Receptor Expression in Autoimmune and Nonautoimmune Thyroid Diseases. Thyroid 2015. [PMID: 26214745 DOI: 10.1089/thy.2015.0029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The B cell activating factor (BAFF) is a member of the tumor necrosis factor family, which controls the survival/proliferation of B cells and is involved in the pathogenesis of a number of autoimmune diseases. The objective of the present study was to investigate the expression of BAFF and BAFF receptor (BAFF-R) in the thyroid tissue of patients affected with autoimmune thyroid disorders (AITD) or multinodular goiter (MNG) compared with those with normal thyroids. METHODS Immunohistochemistry was performed using a panel of antibodies against BAFF, BAFF-R, CD3, CD4, CD8, CD20, CD34, CD79a, CD1a, CD68, and CD163 on the thyroid sections of 27 patients affected with Graves' disease (GD), 23 with Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT), 16 with nontoxic nodular goiter (NTG), and 15 with toxic nodular goiter (TG), submitted to total thyroidectomy between 2000 and 2011. RESULTS The overall BAFF-R expression in thyrocytes was weak and not different in AITD and MNG. Conversely, a stronger BAFF expression was observed in MNG compared with AITD. BAFF and BAFF-R expression in the infiltrating lymphocytes was higher in AITD compared with MNG. Interestingly, in lymphocytes of follicular-like structures observed in HT, BAFF and BAFF-R were localized in the germinal center or in the mantle, respectively. CONCLUSIONS This study shows that BAFF and BAFF-R are expressed in the thyrocytes derived from patients with either AITD or MNG, in addition to the expected expression of BAFF and its receptor in the infiltrating immune cells of GD and HT. These findings suggest a possible involvement of BAFF and its receptors in the pathophysiology of AITD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Campi
- 1 Graves' Orbitopathy Center , Endocrinology Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico of Milan and Università degli Studi di Milano , Milan, Italy
| | - Delfina Tosi
- 2 Unit of Pathology A.O. San Paolo, Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefania Rossi
- 2 Unit of Pathology A.O. San Paolo, Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Guia Vannucchi
- 1 Graves' Orbitopathy Center , Endocrinology Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico of Milan and Università degli Studi di Milano , Milan, Italy
| | - Danila Covelli
- 1 Graves' Orbitopathy Center , Endocrinology Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico of Milan and Università degli Studi di Milano , Milan, Italy
| | - Federico Colombo
- 3 Flow Cytometry Service, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico of Milan and Università degli Studi di Milano , Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Trombetta
- 3 Flow Cytometry Service, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico of Milan and Università degli Studi di Milano , Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Porretti
- 3 Flow Cytometry Service, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico of Milan and Università degli Studi di Milano , Milan, Italy
| | - Leonardo Vicentini
- 4 Endocrine Surgery Unit, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico of Milan and Università degli Studi di Milano , Milan, Italy
| | - Gianmaria Cantoni
- 4 Endocrine Surgery Unit, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico of Milan and Università degli Studi di Milano , Milan, Italy
| | - Nicola Currò
- 5 Ophtalmology Unit, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Cà Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico of Milan and Università degli Studi di Milano , Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Beck-Peccoz
- 1 Graves' Orbitopathy Center , Endocrinology Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico of Milan and Università degli Studi di Milano , Milan, Italy
| | - Gaetano Bulfamante
- 2 Unit of Pathology A.O. San Paolo, Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Mario Salvi
- 1 Graves' Orbitopathy Center , Endocrinology Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico of Milan and Università degli Studi di Milano , Milan, Italy
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50
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Popko K, Osińska I, Kucharska A, Demkow U. Cytometric analysis of perforin expression in NK cells, CD8+, and CD4+ lymphocytes in children with autoimmune Hashimoto's thyroiditis--a preliminary study. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2015; 28:789-92. [PMID: 26167976 DOI: 10.1515/jpem-2014-0520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2015] [Accepted: 05/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Perforin plays an essential role in cytotoxicity of natural killers (NK) and CD8+ lymphocytes. Cytotoxicity of T and NK cells is one of the mechanisms of destruction of cells in Hashimoto's disease (HD). The aim of this study was analysis of the expression of perforin in CD8+, CD4+, and NK cells and cytotoxic abilities of these cells in children with HD compared to healthy controls. The expression of perforin and surface antigens, as well as cytotoxicity were analyzed with a flow cytometry. Lower expression of perforin in CD8+ and NK was found in HD compared to controls (p=0.01; p=0.004). A significant correlation between perforin expression in CD8+ lymphocytes and in NK was observed (p=0.05). The spontaneous cytotoxicity of NK was significantly higher in HD compared to controls (p=0.04). Our results suggest that perforin plays an important role in the pathogenesis of autoimmune Hashimoto's thyroiditis.
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