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Wu YN, Zhang R, Song XC, Han XX, Zhang J, Li X. C6orf120 gene knockout in rats mitigates concanavalin A‑induced autoimmune hepatitis via regulating NKT cells. Cell Immunol 2022; 371:104467. [PMID: 34896761 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2021.104467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To elucidate the role of the functional unknown gene C6orf120 in the pathogenesis of AIH and its mechanism of action, using C6orf120 knockout rats. METHODS An autoimmune hepatitis model was established with 35 mg/kg intravenous injection of concanavalin A (Con A) in C6orf120-knockout (C6orf120-/-) and wild-type (WT) rats. Rats were sacrificed after administering Con A for 0, 12, and 24 h. The peripheral blood, liver, spleen, and mesenteric lymph nodes were collected for follow-up studies. RESULTS C6orf120 knockout significantly decreased the serum levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and improved the histological damage in Con A-induced autoimmune liver injury.Loss of C6orf120 function significantly increased the frequency of CD3+ CD161+ NKT cells in the peripheral blood, liver, and spleen; downregulated the expression of CD314 (NKG2D) in the liver, spleen, and mesenteric lymph nodes; reduced the expression of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines; and suppressed the mRNA and protein expression of Fas and FasL in the liver. Additionally, C6orf120 knockout significantly downregulated the expression of p-JAK1, p-JAK2, p-STAT1, and p-STAT3 in liver tissue. CONCLUSION The protective effect of C6orf120 knockout against Con A-induced hepatitis may be due to the inhibition of NKT cell activation, restriction of cytokine and chemokine activities, inhibition of JAK-STAT and Fas/FasL signaling pathway activation, and reduction in liver inflammation and hepatocyte apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Ni Wu
- Department of Center of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Peking University Ditan Teaching Hospital, Beijing 100015, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Department of Center of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100015, China
| | - Xin-Cheng Song
- Department of Center of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Peking University Ditan Teaching Hospital, Beijing 100015, China
| | - Xiao-Xu Han
- Department of Center of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100015, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao 266011, China
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Center of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Peking University Ditan Teaching Hospital, Beijing 100015, China; Department of Center of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100015, China.
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Veneziani I, Infante P, Ferretti E, Melaiu O, Battistelli C, Lucarini V, Compagnone M, Nicoletti C, Castellano A, Petrini S, Ognibene M, Pezzolo A, Di Marcotullio L, Bei R, Moretta L, Pistoia V, Fruci D, Barnaba V, Locatelli F, Cifaldi L. Nutlin-3a Enhances Natural Killer Cell-Mediated Killing of Neuroblastoma by Restoring p53-Dependent Expression of Ligands for NKG2D and DNAM-1 Receptors. Cancer Immunol Res 2021; 9:170-183. [PMID: 33303573 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-20-0313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we explored whether Nutlin-3a, a well-known, nontoxic small-molecule compound antagonizing the inhibitory interaction of MDM2 with the tumor suppressor p53, may restore ligands for natural killer (NK) cell-activating receptors (NK-AR) on neuroblastoma cells to enhance the NK cell-mediated killing. Neuroblastoma cell lines were treated with Nutlin-3a, and the expression of ligands for NKG2D and DNAM-1 NK-ARs and the neuroblastoma susceptibility to NK cells were evaluated. Adoptive transfer of human NK cells in a xenograft neuroblastoma-bearing NSG murine model was assessed. Two data sets of neuroblastoma patients were explored to correlate p53 expression with ligand expression. Luciferase assays and chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis of p53 functional binding on PVR promoter were performed. Primary neuroblastoma cells were also treated with Nutlin-3a, and neuroblastoma spheroids obtained from one high-risk patient were assayed for NK-cell cytotoxicity. We provide evidence showing that the Nutlin-3a-dependent rescue of p53 function in neuroblastoma cells resulted in (i) increased surface expression of ligands for NK-ARs, thus rendering neuroblastoma cell lines significantly more susceptible to NK cell-mediated killing; (ii) shrinkage of human neuroblastoma tumor masses that correlated with overall survival upon adoptive transfer of NK cells in neuroblastoma-bearing mice; (iii) and increased expression of ligands in primary neuroblastoma cells and boosting of NK cell-mediated disaggregation of neuroblastoma spheroids. We also found that p53 was a direct transcription factor regulating the expression of PVR ligand recognized by DNAM-1. Our findings demonstrated an immunomodulatory role of Nutlin-3a, which might be prospectively used for a novel NK cell-based immunotherapy for neuroblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Veneziani
- Department of Paediatric Haematology/Oncology and of Cell and Gene Therapy, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Infante
- Center for Life NanoScience@Sapienza, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Rome, Italy
| | - Elisa Ferretti
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genoa, Genova, Italy
- Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Research, University of Genoa, Genova, Italy
| | - Ombretta Melaiu
- Department of Paediatric Haematology/Oncology and of Cell and Gene Therapy, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Cecilia Battistelli
- Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Rome, Italy
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Valeria Lucarini
- Department of Paediatric Haematology/Oncology and of Cell and Gene Therapy, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Mirco Compagnone
- Department of Paediatric Haematology/Oncology and of Cell and Gene Therapy, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Carmine Nicoletti
- Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Rome, Italy
- DAHFMO-Unit of Histology and Medical Embryology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Aurora Castellano
- Department of Paediatric Haematology/Oncology and of Cell and Gene Therapy, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefania Petrini
- Confocal Microscopy, Core Facility, Research Laboratories, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Marzia Ognibene
- Laboratorio Cellule Staminali Post Natali e Terapie Cellulari, IRCCS Giannina Gaslini Institute, Genoa, Italy
| | - Annalisa Pezzolo
- Laboratorio Cellule Staminali Post Natali e Terapie Cellulari, IRCCS Giannina Gaslini Institute, Genoa, Italy
| | - Lucia Di Marcotullio
- Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Rome, Italy
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Roberto Bei
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata," Rome, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Moretta
- Department of Immunology, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Vito Pistoia
- Department of Immunology, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Doriana Fruci
- Department of Paediatric Haematology/Oncology and of Cell and Gene Therapy, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Barnaba
- Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Rome, Italy
- Cellular and Molecular Immunology Unit, Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche, Internistiche, Anestesiologiche e Cardiovascolari, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Franco Locatelli
- Department of Paediatric Haematology/Oncology and of Cell and Gene Therapy, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- Department of Pediatrics, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Loredana Cifaldi
- Department of Paediatric Haematology/Oncology and of Cell and Gene Therapy, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, Rome, Italy.
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata," Rome, Italy
- Academic Department of Pediatrics (DPUO), Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
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Vuletić A, Jovanić I, Jurišić V, Milovanović Z, Nikolić S, Spurnić I, Konjević G. IL-2 And IL-15 Induced NKG2D, CD158a and CD158b Expression on T, NKT- like and NK Cell Lymphocyte Subsets from Regional Lymph Nodes of Melanoma Patients. Pathol Oncol Res 2020; 26:223-231. [PMID: 29948616 DOI: 10.1007/s12253-018-0444-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 06/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Regional lymph nodes (LN)s represent important immunological barriers in spreading of malignant tumors. However, they are the most frequent early metastatic site in melanoma. Immunomodulatory agents including cytokines have been included in therapy of melanoma and have shown severe side effects and toxicity. In this sense, there is a growing need for bringing these agents to further in vitro testing that may enlighten aspects of their regional application. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of interleukin (IL)-2 and IL-15, the two cytokines with similar immune-enhancing effects, on the expression of activating NKG2D, inhibitory CD158a and CD158b receptors on CD8+ T, NKT-like and NK cell lymphocyte subsets from regional LNs of melanoma patients. In this study, we showed significant effects of IL-2 and IL-15 cytokine treatments on the expression of activating NKG2D and on inhibitory CD158a and CD158b receptors on lymphocytes, CD8+ T, NKT-like and NK cell lymphocyte subsets originating from regional LNs of melanoma patients. Furthermore, IL-2 and IL-15 by inducing the expression of NKG2D activating receptor on innate and on adaptive lymphocyte subsets and by augmenting NK cell antitumor cytotoxicity that correlated with the cytokine-induced NKG2D expression, increased antitumor potential of immune cells in regional LNs of melanoma patients irrespective of LN involvement. These findings indicate the importance of immune cell population from regional LNs of melanoma patients in the development of immune intervention strategies that may if applied locally increase antitumor potential to the level that controls tumor progressions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Vuletić
- Institute of Oncology and Radiology of Serbia, Pasterova 14, Belgrade, 11000, Serbia.
| | - Irena Jovanić
- Institute of Oncology and Radiology of Serbia, Pasterova 14, Belgrade, 11000, Serbia
| | - Vladimir Jurišić
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Zorka Milovanović
- Institute of Oncology and Radiology of Serbia, Pasterova 14, Belgrade, 11000, Serbia
| | - Srđan Nikolić
- Institute of Oncology and Radiology of Serbia, Pasterova 14, Belgrade, 11000, Serbia
| | - Igor Spurnić
- Institute of Oncology and Radiology of Serbia, Pasterova 14, Belgrade, 11000, Serbia
| | - Gordana Konjević
- Institute of Oncology and Radiology of Serbia, Pasterova 14, Belgrade, 11000, Serbia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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4
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Bhat J, Dubin S, Dananberg A, Quabius ES, Fritsch J, Dowds CM, Saxena A, Chitadze G, Lettau M, Kabelitz D. Histone Deacetylase Inhibitor Modulates NKG2D Receptor Expression and Memory Phenotype of Human Gamma/Delta T Cells Upon Interaction With Tumor Cells. Front Immunol 2019; 10:569. [PMID: 30972064 PMCID: PMC6445873 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2018] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The functional plasticity and anti-tumor potential of human γδ T cells have been widely studied. However, the epigenetic regulation of γδ T-cell/tumor cell interactions has been poorly investigated. In the present study, we show that treatment with the histone deacetylase inhibitor Valproic acid (VPA) significantly enhanced the expression and/or release of the NKG2D ligands MICA, MICB and ULBP-2, but not ULBP-1 in the pancreatic carcinoma cell line Panc89 and the prostate carcinoma cell line PC-3. Under in vitro tumor co-culture conditions, the expression of full length and the truncated form of the NKG2D receptor in γδ T cells was significantly downregulated. Furthermore, using a newly established flow cytometry-based method to analyze histone acetylation (H3K9ac) in γδ T cells, we showed constitutive H3K9aclow and inducible H3K9achigh expression in Vδ2 T cells. The detailed analysis of H3K9aclow Vδ2 T cells revealed a significant reversion of TEMRA to TEM phenotype during in vitro co-culture with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma cells. Our study uncovers novel mechanisms of how epigenetic modifiers modulate γδ T-cell differentiation during interaction with tumor cells. This information is important when considering combination therapy of VPA with the γδ T-cell-based immunotherapy for the treatment of certain types of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaydeep Bhat
- Institute of Immunology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Samuel Dubin
- Institute of Immunology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Alexandra Dananberg
- Institute of Immunology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Elgar Susanne Quabius
- Institute of Immunology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
- Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Juergen Fritsch
- Institute of Immunology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - C. Marie Dowds
- Institute of Immunology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Ankit Saxena
- National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Guranda Chitadze
- Institute of Immunology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Marcus Lettau
- Institute of Immunology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Dieter Kabelitz
- Institute of Immunology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
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Han B, Zhao Y, Lin Y, Fu S, Wang L, Zhang M, Tie R, Wang B, Luo Y, Liu L, Yu J, Huang H. Hydroxychloroquine sensitizes chronic myeloid leukemia cells to Vγ9Vδ2 T cell-mediated lysis independent of autophagy. Int J Oncol 2017; 50:1810-1820. [PMID: 28339029 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2017.3934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) is the only autophagy inhibitor in clinical use and it has shown great potential in treating chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). By inhibiting autophagy, HCQ enhances the anti-CML efficiency of chemotherapy. In the present study, we demonstrated that HCQ sensitized CML cells to Vγ9Vδ2 T cell-mediated lysis. HCQ inhibited autophagy in CML cells, but the sensitizing effects of HCQ were autophagy-independent. Since the sensitization was not mimicked by ATG7 knockdown and even occurred in the absence of ATG7. We revealed that in a time-dependent manner HCQ induced the expression of NKG2D ligand ULBP4 on the surface of CML cells. This marks the leukemia cell for recognition by Vγ9Vδ2 T cells. Blocking the interaction of NKG2D with its ligands deleted the sensitizing effects of HCQ. In addition, we showed that HCQ did not affect the synthesis or degradation of ULBP4, but induced the translocation of ULBP4 from the cytoplasm to the cell membrane. Our results uncovered a previously unknown mechanism for HCQ in CML treatment that underlines the ability of HCQ to modulate the immune visibility of CML cells, and pave the way to the development of new combination treatments with HCQ and Vγ9Vδ2 T cells.
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MESH Headings
- Autophagy/genetics
- Autophagy-Related Protein 7/genetics
- Carrier Proteins/biosynthesis
- Carrier Proteins/genetics
- Cell Membrane/genetics
- Cytoplasm/genetics
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm
- Gene Expression Regulation, Leukemic
- Histocompatibility Antigens Class I/biosynthesis
- Histocompatibility Antigens Class I/genetics
- Humans
- Hydroxychloroquine/administration & dosage
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/genetics
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/pathology
- Membrane Proteins/biosynthesis
- Membrane Proteins/genetics
- NK Cell Lectin-Like Receptor Subfamily K/biosynthesis
- NK Cell Lectin-Like Receptor Subfamily K/genetics
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
- T-Lymphocytes/drug effects
- T-Lymphocytes/pathology
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Affiliation(s)
- Biqing Han
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China
| | - Yanmin Zhao
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China
| | - Yu Lin
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China
| | - Shan Fu
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China
| | - Limengmeng Wang
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China
| | - Mingming Zhang
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China
| | - Ruxiu Tie
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China
| | - Binsheng Wang
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China
| | - Yi Luo
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China
| | - Lizhen Liu
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China
| | - Jian Yu
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China
| | - He Huang
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China
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Luo Z, Li Z, Martin L, Hu Z, Wu H, Wan Z, Kilby M, Heath SL, Huang L, Jiang W. Increased Natural Killer Cell Activation in HIV-Infected Immunologic Non-Responders Correlates with CD4+ T Cell Recovery after Antiretroviral Therapy and Viral Suppression. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0167640. [PMID: 28076376 PMCID: PMC5226712 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0167640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2016] [Accepted: 11/17/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of natural killer (NK) cell function in HIV disease especially in the setting of long-term antiretroviral therapy (ART) and viral suppression is not fully understood. In the current study, we have investigated NK cell activation in healthy controls and aviremic ART-treated HIV+ subjects with different degrees of immune restoration. We performed a cross sectional study in 12 healthy controls and 24 aviremic ART-treated HIV-infected subjects including 13 HIV+ subjects with CD4+ T cells above 500 cells/μL defined as "immunologic responders" and 11 HIV+ subjects with CD4+ T cells below 350 cells/μL defined as "immunologic non-responders". We analyzed NK cell number, subset, and activation by expression of CD107a and NKG2D and co-expression of CD38 and HLA-DR. NK cell-mediated cytotoxicity against uninfected CD4+ T cells was tested in vitro. We found that NK cell absolute number, percentage of NK cells, and percentage of NK cell subsets were similar in the three study groups. The increased NK cell activation was found predominantly in CD56dimCD16+ subset of immunologic non-responders but not immunologic responders compared to healthy controls. The activation of NK cells was inversely correlated with the peripheral CD4+ T cell count in HIV+ subjects, even after controlling for chronic T cell activation, sex, and age, potential contributors for CD4+ T cell counts in HIV disease. Interestingly, NK cells from immunologic non-responders mediated cytotoxicity against uninfected CD4+ T cells ex vivo. NK cells may play a role in blunted CD4+ T cell recovery in ART-treated HIV disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenwu Luo
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, United States of America
| | - Zhen Li
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, United States of America
- Beijing You’an Hospital, Capital Medical University, No.8 Xitoutiao, You’an men wai, Fengtai District, Beijing, China
| | - Lisa Martin
- Divison of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, United States of America
| | - Zhiliang Hu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, United States of America
- Department of Infectious Disease, the Second Affiliated Hospital of the Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hao Wu
- Beijing You’an Hospital, Capital Medical University, No.8 Xitoutiao, You’an men wai, Fengtai District, Beijing, China
| | - Zhuang Wan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, United States of America
| | - Michael Kilby
- Divison of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, United States of America
| | - Sonya L. Heath
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States of America
| | - Lei Huang
- The 302 Hospital of PLA, Treatment and Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing, China
- * E-mail: (WJ); (LH)
| | - Wei Jiang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, United States of America
- Divison of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, United States of America
- * E-mail: (WJ); (LH)
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Dong S, Geng L, Shen MD, Zheng SS. WITHDRAWN: Natural Killer Cell Activating Receptor NKG2D Is Involved in the Immunosuppressant Effect of Mycophenolate Mofetil and Infection of Hepatitis B Virus. Transplant Proc 2016; 47:1796-801. [PMID: 26293053 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2015.02.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2014] [Accepted: 02/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
In this study we investigated whether mycophenolate mofetil (MMF), a new immunosuppressant, and its metabolite mycophenolic acid (MPA) influence the activity of liver resident natural killer (NK) cells, resulting in increased susceptibility to hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. We isolated the hepatic NK cells of C57BL/6 and C57BL/6JTgN (A1b1HBV) 44Bri) transgenic mice administered MMF in the presence or absence of interleukin (IL)-15, or incubated isolated hepatic NK cells in the presence or absence of MPA and used RT-PCR, immunolabeling to assess the expression of NK receptors Ly49A, NKG2A and NKG2D, and cytokine ELISA and [(3)H]-TdR-release assay to assess the activation and cytotoxic capacity of NK cells. After treatment of MMF in the presence or absence of IL-15, HBsAg titer was also measured in C57BL/6JTgN (A1b1HBV) 44Bri) transgenic mice. After both MPA and MMF treatments, NK cytotoxicity was reduced, NKG2D and Ly49A expression was down-regulated, but NKG2A was up-regulated. Down-regulation of NKG2D could be ameliorated by IL-15, and in HBV-transgenic mice, MMF treatment impaired NK cell activity, but did not influence virus replication, whereas IL-15 treatment depressed HBsAg titer. MPA and MMF mediate down-regulation of NKG2D in vitro and vivo, restricting the cytotoxic capacity of NK cells. Regulation of NKG2D may be important in the effect of immunosuppressant on NK cell activity and involved in HBV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Dong
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, ZheJiang University, HangZhou, China
| | - L Geng
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, ZheJiang University, HangZhou, China
| | - M-D Shen
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, ZheJiang University, HangZhou, China
| | - S-S Zheng
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, ZheJiang University, HangZhou, China.
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8
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Ma Y, Gong J, Liu Y, Guo W, Jin B, Wang X, Chen L. MicroRNA-30c promotes natural killer cell cytotoxicity via up-regulating the expression level of NKG2D. Life Sci 2016; 151:174-181. [PMID: 26968781 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2016.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2015] [Revised: 02/28/2016] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Natural killer (NK) cells play critical roles in antitumor immunity. Our previous study showed that over-expression of miR-30c-1* enhanced NKL cell cytotoxicity through up-regulation of tumor necrosis factor-α via directly targeting transcription factor homeobox containing 1. MiR-30c, the complimentary microRNA of miR-30c-1*, has been found to exert regulatory effect on T cell function. However, the effect of miR-30c on NK cells is unknown. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate whether miR-30c could play a role to enhance NK cell activation and cytotoxicity. MAIN METHODS Chemosynthesis exogenous miR-30c mimics and miR-30c inhibitor were transfected into NKL cells and isolated human peripheral blood NK cells, respectively. The expression levels of NK group 2, member D (NKG2D), CD107a and FasL on cell surface and cytotoxic ability of miRNAs transfected NKL cells against SMMC-7721 cells were evaluated. KEY FINDINGS MiR-30c could increase the expression of NKG2D and CD107a on NKL cells, and enhance cytotoxic ability of NKL cells to kill SMMC-7721 cells. Moreover, miR-30c could up-regulate the expression of FasL on both NKL cells and human peripheral blood NK cells. However, the peripheral blood NK cells from only four in ten healthy donors appeared high expression levels of NKG2D and CD107a after miR-30c transfection. SIGNIFICANCE MiR-30c could promote the cytotoxicity of NKL cells in vitro by up-regulating the expression levels of NKG2D, CD107a and FasL. However, the effect of miR-30c on ex vivo NK cells from different human individuals is diverse, indicating that miR-30c may play complicate and fine adjustment in immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Ma
- Department of Immunology, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Jiuyu Gong
- Department of Immunology, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China; Hospital of Hubei Armed Police Corps, Wuhan, Hubei 430000, China
| | - Yuan Liu
- Department of Immunology, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China; Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tangdu Hospital, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710038, China
| | - Wenwei Guo
- Department of Immunology, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China; Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tangdu Hospital, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710038, China
| | - Boquan Jin
- Department of Immunology, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Xiaohong Wang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tangdu Hospital, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710038, China.
| | - Lihua Chen
- Department of Immunology, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China.
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9
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Rodríguez-Muñoz A, Vitales-Noyola M, Ramos-Levi A, Serrano-Somavilla A, González-Amaro R, Marazuela M. Levels of regulatory T cells CD69(+)NKG2D(+)IL-10(+) are increased in patients with autoimmune thyroid disorders. Endocrine 2016; 51:478-89. [PMID: 26100786 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-015-0662-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2015] [Accepted: 06/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Regulatory T (Treg) cells play an important role in the pathogenesis of autoimmune thyroid disorders (AITD). New subsets of CD4(+)CD69(+) and CD4(+)NKG2D(+) T lymphocytes that behave as regulatory cells have been recently reported. The role of these immunoregulatory lymphocytes has not been previously explored in AITD. We analyzed by multi-parametric flow cytometry different Treg cell subsets in peripheral blood from 32 patients with AITD and 19 controls, and in thyroid tissue from seven patients. The suppressive activity was measured by an assay of inhibition of lymphocyte activation. We found a significant increased percentage of CD4(+)CD69(+)IL-10(+), CD4(+)CD69(+)NKG2D(+), and CD4(+)CD69(+)IL-10(+)NKG2D(+) cells, in peripheral blood from GD patients compared to controls. The increase in CD4(+)CD69(+)IL-10(+) and CD4(+)CD69(+)IL-10(+)NKG2D(+) T cells was especially remarkable in patients with active Graves' ophthalmopathy (GO), and a significant positive correlation between GO activity and CD4(+)CD69(+)IL-10(+) or CD4(+)CD69(+)IL-10(+)NKG2D(+) cells was also found. In addition, these cells were increased in patients with a more severe and/or prolonged disease. Thyroid from AITD patients showed an increased proportion of CD69(+) regulatory T cells subpopulations compared to autologous peripheral blood. The presence of CD69(+), NKG2D(+), and IL-10(+) cells was confirmed by immunofluorescence microscopy. In vitro functional assays showed that CD69(+) Treg cells exerted an important suppressive effect on the activation of T effector cells in controls, but not in AITD patients. Our findings suggest that the levels of CD69(+) regulatory lymphocytes are increased in AITD patients, but they are apparently unable to down-modulate the autoimmune response and tissue damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Rodríguez-Muñoz
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C/Diego de León 62, 28006, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Ana Ramos-Levi
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C/Diego de León 62, 28006, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Serrano-Somavilla
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C/Diego de León 62, 28006, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Mónica Marazuela
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C/Diego de León 62, 28006, Madrid, Spain.
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10
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Pereboeva L, Harkins L, Wong S, Lamb LS. The safety of allogeneic innate lymphocyte therapy for glioma patients with prior cranial irradiation. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2015; 64:551-62. [PMID: 25676710 PMCID: PMC11029122 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-015-1662-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2014] [Accepted: 01/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The standard treatment of high-grade glioma presents a combination of radiotherapy, chemotherapy and surgery. Immunotherapy is proposed as a potential adjunct to standard cytotoxic regimens to target remaining microscopic disease following resection. We have shown ex vivo expanded/activated γδ T cells to be a promising innate lymphocyte therapy based on their recognition of stress antigens expressed on gliomas. However, successful integration of γδ T cell therapy protocols requires understanding the efficacy and safety of adoptively transferred immune cells in the post-treatment environment. The unique features of γδ T cell product and the environment (hypoxia, inflammation) can affect levels of expression of key cell receptors and secreted factors and either promote or hinder the feasibility of γδ T cell therapy. We investigated the potential for the γδ T cells to injure normal brain tissue that may have been stressed by treatment. We evaluated γδ T cell toxicity by assessing actual and correlative toxicity indicators in several available models including: (1) expression of stress markers on normal primary human astrocytes (as surrogate for brain parenchyma) after irradiation and temozolomide treatment, (2) cytotoxicity of γδ T cells on normal and irradiated primary astrocytes, (3) microglial activation and expression of stress-induced ligands in mouse brain after whole-brain irradiation and (4) expression of stress-induced markers on human brain tumors and on normal brain tissue. The lack of expression of stress-induced ligands in all tested models suggests that γδ T cell therapy is safe for brain tumor patients who undergo standard cytotoxic therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larisa Pereboeva
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), 1824 6th Ave S, WTI 510C, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA,
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11
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Medina-Arana V, Martínez-Riera A, Delgado-Plasencia L, Rodríguez-González D, Bravo-Gutiérrez A, Álvarez-Argüelles H, Alarcó-Hernández A, Salido-Ruiz E, Fernández-Peralta AM, González-Aguilera JJ. Clinicopathological analysis of factors related to colorectal tumor perforation: influence of angiogenesis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2015; 94:e703. [PMID: 25881846 PMCID: PMC4602503 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000000703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal tumor perforation is a life-threatening complication of this disease. However, little is known about the anatomopathological factors or pathophysiologic mechanisms involved. Pathological and immunohistochemical analysis of factors related with tumoral neo-angiogenesis, which could influence tumor perforation are assessed in this study. A retrospective study of patients with perforated colon tumors (Group P) and T4a nonperforated (controls) was conducted between 2001 and 2010. Histological variables (differentiation, vascular invasion, and location) and immunohistochemical (CD31, Growth Endothelial Vascular Factor (VEGF) and p53) related with tumor angiogenesis were analyzed. Of 2189 patients, 100 (4.56%) met the inclusion criteria. Of these, 49 patients had nonperforated (2.23%) and 51 had perforated tumors (2.32%). The P group had lower number of right-sided tumors (7/51, 13.7%) compared with controls (13/49, 36.7%) (P = .01). The high-grade tumors (undifferentiated) represented only 3.9% of the perforated tumors; the remaining 96.1% were well differentiated (P = .01). No differences between groups in the frequency of TP53 mutation or VEGF and CD31 expression were found. In the P group, only 2 (3.9%) had vascular invasion (P = .01). Of the 12 tumors with vascular invasion, only 2 were perforated (16.6%). The median number of metastatic lymph-nodes in P Group was 0 versus 3 in controls (Z = -4.2; P < .01). Pathological analysis of variables that indirectly measure the presence of tumor angiogenesis (differentiation, vascular invasion, and the number of metastatic lymph nodes) shows a relationship between this and the perforation, location, and tumor differentiation. We could not directly validate our hypothesis, by immunohistochemistry of TP53, VEGF, and CD31, that perforated tumors exhibit less angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vicente Medina-Arana
- From the Department of General and Digestive Surgery (VMA, LDP, DRG, ABG, AAH); Department of Internal Medicine (AMR); Department of Pathology, Hospital Universitario de Canarias, La Laguna, Tenerife (HAA, ESR); and Department of Biology-Genetics. Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain (AMFP, JJGA)
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12
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Schuster IS, Wikstrom ME, Brizard G, Coudert JD, Estcourt MJ, Manzur M, O'Reilly LA, Smyth MJ, Trapani JA, Hill GR, Andoniou CE, Degli-Esposti MA. TRAIL+ NK cells control CD4+ T cell responses during chronic viral infection to limit autoimmunity. Immunity 2015; 41:646-56. [PMID: 25367576 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2014.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2014] [Accepted: 09/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells have been reported to control adaptive immune responses that occur in lymphoid organs at the early stages of immune challenge. The physiological purpose of such regulatory activity remains unclear, because it generally does not confer a survival advantage. We found that NK cells specifically eliminated activated CD4(+) T cells in the salivary gland during chronic murine cytomegalovirus (MCMV) infection. This was dependent on TNF-related apoptosis inducing ligand (TRAIL) expression by NK cells. Although NK cell-mediated deletion of CD4(+) T cells prolonged the chronicity of infection, it also constrained viral-induced autoimmunity. In the absence of this activity, chronic infection was associated with a Sjogren's-like syndrome characterized by focal lymphocytic infiltration into the glands, production of autoantibodies, and reduced saliva and tear secretion. Thus, NK cells are an important homeostatic control that balances the efficacy of adaptive immune responses with the risk of developing autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iona S Schuster
- Immunology and Virology Program, Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Science, The University of Western Australia, WA 6009, Australia; Centre for Experimental Immunology, Lions Eye Institute, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Matthew E Wikstrom
- Immunology and Virology Program, Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Science, The University of Western Australia, WA 6009, Australia; Centre for Experimental Immunology, Lions Eye Institute, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Geraldine Brizard
- Immunology and Virology Program, Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Science, The University of Western Australia, WA 6009, Australia; Centre for Experimental Immunology, Lions Eye Institute, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Jerome D Coudert
- Immunology and Virology Program, Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Science, The University of Western Australia, WA 6009, Australia; Centre for Experimental Immunology, Lions Eye Institute, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Marie J Estcourt
- Immunology and Virology Program, Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Science, The University of Western Australia, WA 6009, Australia; Centre for Experimental Immunology, Lions Eye Institute, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Mitali Manzur
- Immunology and Virology Program, Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Science, The University of Western Australia, WA 6009, Australia; Centre for Experimental Immunology, Lions Eye Institute, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Lorraine A O'Reilly
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Mark J Smyth
- Immunology in Cancer and Infection Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia
| | - Joseph A Trapani
- Cancer Cell Death Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, VIC 3002, Australia; Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Geoffrey R Hill
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia
| | - Christopher E Andoniou
- Immunology and Virology Program, Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Science, The University of Western Australia, WA 6009, Australia; Centre for Experimental Immunology, Lions Eye Institute, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Mariapia A Degli-Esposti
- Immunology and Virology Program, Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Science, The University of Western Australia, WA 6009, Australia; Centre for Experimental Immunology, Lions Eye Institute, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia.
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13
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Fu J, Wang D, Yu Y, Heinrichs J, Wu Y, Schutt S, Kaosaard K, Liu C, Haarberg K, Bastian D, McDonald DG, Anasetti C, Yu XZ. T-bet is critical for the development of acute graft-versus-host disease through controlling T cell differentiation and function. J Immunol 2015; 194:388-97. [PMID: 25404360 PMCID: PMC4314960 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1401618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
T-bet is a master regulator for IFN-γ production and Th1 differentiation. We evaluated the roles of T-bet and IFN-γ in T cell responses in acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) and found that T-bet(-/-) T cells induced significantly less GVHD compared with wild-type or IFN-γ(-/-) counterparts in both MHC-mismatched and MHC-matched but minor histocompatibility Ag-mismatched models driven by CD4 T cells. T-bet(-/-), but not IFN-γ(-/-), CD4 T cells had a markedly reduced ability to cause tissue damage in liver and gut. This distinct outcome is reflected by the differential gene expression on donor CD4 T cells deficient for T-bet or IFN-γ. At mRNA and protein levels, we defined several T-bet-dependent molecules that may account for the impaired ability of T-bet(-/-) T cells to migrate into target organs and to produce Th1-related cytokines. Moreover, these molecules were independent of either endogenous IFN-γ, such as CXCR3 and programmed death-1, or systematic IFN-γ, such as NKG2D, I-A(b), and granzyme B. Although both T-bet(-/-) and IFN-γ(-/-) CD4 T cells are prone to differentiate into Th17 cells, polarized Th17 cells deficient for T-bet but not for IFN-γ had a significantly reduced ability to cause GVHD. Finally, T-bet(-/-) T cells had a compromised graft-versus-leukemia effect, which could be essentially reversed by neutralization of IL-17 in the recipients. We conclude that T-bet is required for Th1 differentiation and migration, as well as for optimal function of Th17 cells. Thus, targeting T-bet or regulating its downstream effectors independent of IFN-γ may be a promising strategy to control GVHD in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianing Fu
- Cancer Biology Ph.D. Program, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612; Immunology, Blood and Marrow Transplantation, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425
| | - Dapeng Wang
- Immunology, Blood and Marrow Transplantation, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612
| | - Yu Yu
- Immunology, Blood and Marrow Transplantation, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612
| | - Jessica Heinrichs
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425; Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612
| | - Yongxia Wu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425
| | - Steven Schutt
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425
| | - Kane Kaosaard
- Immunology, Blood and Marrow Transplantation, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612
| | - Chen Liu
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611
| | - Kelley Haarberg
- Immunology, Blood and Marrow Transplantation, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612
| | - David Bastian
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425
| | - Daniel G McDonald
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425; and
| | - Claudio Anasetti
- Immunology, Blood and Marrow Transplantation, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612
| | - Xue-Zhong Yu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425; Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425
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14
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Pahl JHW, Ruslan SEN, Kwappenberg KMC, van Ostaijen-Ten Dam MM, van Tol MJD, Lankester AC, Schilham MW. Antibody-dependent cell lysis by NK cells is preserved after sarcoma-induced inhibition of NK cell cytotoxicity. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2013; 62:1235-47. [PMID: 23624801 PMCID: PMC11028949 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-013-1406-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2012] [Accepted: 02/13/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Osteosarcoma and Ewing's sarcoma tumor cells are susceptible to IL15-induced or antibody-mediated cytolytic activity of NK cells in short-term cytotoxicity assays. When encountering the tumor environment in vivo, NK cells may be in contact with tumor cells for a prolonged time period. We explored whether a prolonged interaction with sarcoma cells can modulate the activation and cytotoxic activity of NK cells. The 40 h coculture of NK cells with sarcoma cells reversibly interfered with the IL15-induced expression of NKG2D, DNAM-1 and NKp30 and inhibited the cytolytic activity of NK cells. The inhibitory effects on receptor expression required physical contact between NK cells and sarcoma cells and were independent of TGF-β. Five days pre-incubation of NK cells with IL15 prevented the down-regulation of NKG2D and cytolytic activity in subsequent cocultures with sarcoma cells. NK cell FcγRIIIa/CD16 receptor expression and antibody-mediated cytotoxicity were not affected after the coculture. Inhibition of NK cell cytotoxicity was directly linked to the down-regulation of the respective NK cell-activating receptors. Our data demonstrate that the inhibitory effects of sarcoma cells on the cytolytic activity of NK cells do not affect the antibody-dependent cytotoxicity and can be prevented by pre-activation of NK cells with IL15. Thus, the combination of cytokine-activated NK cells and monoclonal antibody therapy may be required to improve tumor targeting and NK cell functionality in the tumor environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens H W Pahl
- Department of Pediatrics, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands.
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15
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Becker JC, Andersen MH, Schrama D, Thor Straten P. Immune-suppressive properties of the tumor microenvironment. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2013; 62:1137-48. [PMID: 23666510 PMCID: PMC11029603 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-013-1434-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2013] [Accepted: 04/30/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Solid tumors are more than an accumulation of cancer cells. Indeed, cancerous cells create a permissive microenvironment by exploiting non-transformed host cells. Thus, solid tumors rather resemble abnormal organs composed of the cancerous cells itself and the stroma providing the supportive framework. The stroma can be divided into the extracellular matrix consisting of proteoglycans, hyaluronic acid, and fibrous proteins, as well as stromal cells including mesenchymal and immune cells; moreover, it contains various peptide factors and metabolites. Here, we will focus on immune-modulating capacities of the tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jürgen C Becker
- Department of General Dermatology, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 8, 8010, Graz, Austria.
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16
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Zhao S, Wang H, Nie Y, Mi Q, Chen X, Hou Y. Midkine upregulates MICA/B expression in human gastric cancer cells and decreases natural killer cell cytotoxicity. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2012; 61:1745-53. [PMID: 22415659 PMCID: PMC11029223 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-012-1235-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2011] [Accepted: 02/22/2012] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Midkine (MK) is a heparin-binding growth factor overexpressed in various human cancers. In the current study, a positive correlation was observed between MK expression and MICA/B serum levels of gastric cancer patients. In addition, MK transfection significantly increased MICA/B expression in gastric cancer cells. The soluble MICA/B expression was also elevated. Furthermore, MK transfection inhibited CD107a and Granzyme B expression, thereby suppressing the natural killer (NK) cell cytotoxicity in vitro. The phosphorylation of p38 MAPK and its promotion of CHOP expression were also observed after MK treatment and transfection. CHOP was indirectly bound to the MICA/B promoter region by interacting with AP-1, leading to MICA/B transcription. Overall, the current study shows that MK expression in tumor cells indirectly suppresses NK cytotoxicity by inducing MICA/B expression and suppressing NKG2D expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuli Zhao
- Nanjing First Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210006 People’s Republic of China
- Immunology and Reproductive Biology Lab of Medical School and State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093 People’s Republic of China
| | - Huijuan Wang
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yunzhong Nie
- Immunology and Reproductive Biology Lab of Medical School and State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093 People’s Republic of China
| | - Qiongyu Mi
- Nanjing First Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210006 People’s Republic of China
| | - Xingguo Chen
- Nanjing First Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210006 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yayi Hou
- Immunology and Reproductive Biology Lab of Medical School and State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093 People’s Republic of China
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17
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Konjevic G, Jurisic V, Jovic V, Vuletic A, Mirjacic Martinovic K, Radenkovic S, Spuzic I. Investigation of NK cell function and their modulation in different malignancies. Immunol Res 2012; 52:139-56. [PMID: 22442005 DOI: 10.1007/s12026-012-8285-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
NK cells have become a subject of investigation not only in the field of tumor immunology and infectious diseases, but also within all aspects of immunology, such as transplantation, autoimmunity, and hypersensitivity. Our early studies aside from investigating NK cell activity in experimental animals and humans included studies of perforin expression and modulation in this lymphocyte subset. As NK cell activity is modified by their environment, we showed clinical stage-dependent impairment of their activity and in vitro effect of different sera, Th1 cytokines, and their combination in breast cancer, Hodgkin's disease, and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma patients, especially with respect to metabolic and cell membrane changes of peripheral blood lymphocytes evaluated by spontaneous release of the enzyme lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) that led to the correction of the LDH enzyme release assay for natural cytotoxicity. By long-term immuno-monitoring of patients with malignancies, we also showed the kinetics of NK cell modulation during chemo-immunotherapy. In our more recent studies, we give data of NK function and novel families of NK cell receptor expression in healthy individuals that may be of help in NK cell profiling, by giving referent values of basic and cytokine-induced expression of some NK cell receptors either in evaluation of disease or in immuno-monitoring during cytokine therapy of patients with malignancies. Moreover, we give novel aspects of modulation of NK cell activity by cytokines approved for immunotherapy, IFN and IL-2, in melanoma and other malignancies with respect to alterations in new activating (NKG2D and CD161) and inhibitory (CD158a and CD158b) receptor characteristics and signaling molecules in CD16- and CD56-defined NK cells and their small immunoregulatory and large cytotoxic subsets in peripheral blood and lymph nodes, as NK cell-mediated killing of tumor cells depends on the balance between stimulatory and inhibitory signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gordana Konjevic
- Laboratory for Experimental Immunology, Institute of Oncology and Radiology of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia.
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18
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Tokuyama M, Lorin C, Delebecque F, Jung H, Raulet DH, Coscoy L. Expression of the RAE-1 family of stimulatory NK-cell ligands requires activation of the PI3K pathway during viral infection and transformation. PLoS Pathog 2011; 7:e1002265. [PMID: 21966273 PMCID: PMC3178570 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1002265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2011] [Accepted: 07/28/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells are lymphocytes that play a major role in the elimination of virally-infected cells and tumor cells. NK cells recognize and target abnormal cells through activation of stimulatory receptors such as NKG2D. NKG2D ligands are self-proteins, which are absent or expressed at low levels on healthy cells but are induced upon cellular stress, transformation, or viral infection. The exact molecular mechanisms driving expression of these ligands remain poorly understood. Here we show that murine cytomegalovirus (MCMV) infection activates the phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K) pathway and that this activation is required for the induction of the RAE-1 family of mouse NKG2D ligands. Among the multiple PI3K catalytic subunits, inhibition of the p110α catalytic subunit blocks this induction. Similarly, inhibition of p110α PI3K reduces cell surface expression of RAE-1 on transformed cells. Many viruses manipulate the PI3K pathway, and tumors frequently mutate the p110α oncogene. Thus, our findings suggest that dysregulation of the PI3K pathway is an important signal to induce expression of RAE-1, and this may represent a commonality among various types of cellular stresses that result in the induction of NKG2D ligands. Human and mouse cytomegaloviruses (HCMV and MCMV) are members of the Herpesvirus family. Both viruses cause disease in individuals with a compromised immune system, such as transplant patients and AIDS patients. Natural killer (NK) cells are essential players in the immune response against these viruses. NK cells recognize self-proteins, such as NKG2D ligands, that are poorly expressed on healthy cells but are upregulated on cells that are undergoing stress, such as infection and tumor development. The biological processes associated with NKG2D ligand expression in infected cells are unknown. The PI3K pathway, which controls many cellular processes, is activated by a variety of viruses to prime cells for efficient viral replication. We observed that MCMV activates the PI3K pathway and that this activation is required for NKG2D ligand expression. We also found that the expression of NKG2D ligands on cancer cell lines is dependent on this pathway. Our data suggest that NKG2D ligand expression, and thus recognition of infected and cancer cells by NK cells, is associated with a dysregulation in the PI3K pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Tokuyama
- Division of Immunology and Pathogenesis, Department of Molecular & Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, United States of America
| | - Clarisse Lorin
- Division of Immunology and Pathogenesis, Department of Molecular & Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, United States of America
| | - Frederic Delebecque
- Division of Immunology and Pathogenesis, Department of Molecular & Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, United States of America
| | - Heiyoun Jung
- Division of Immunology and Pathogenesis, Department of Molecular & Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, United States of America
| | - David H. Raulet
- Division of Immunology and Pathogenesis, Department of Molecular & Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, United States of America
| | - Laurent Coscoy
- Division of Immunology and Pathogenesis, Department of Molecular & Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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von Lilienfeld-Toal M, Frank S, Leyendecker C, Feyler S, Jarmin S, Morgan R, Glasmacher A, Märten A, Schmidt-Wolf IGH, Brossart P, Cook G. Reduced immune effector cell NKG2D expression and increased levels of soluble NKG2D ligands in multiple myeloma may not be causally linked. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2010; 59:829-39. [PMID: 20024547 PMCID: PMC11030819 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-009-0807-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2009] [Accepted: 12/04/2009] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is limited understanding of the dysregulation of the innate immune system in multiple myeloma (MM). We analysed the expression of the activating receptor NKG2D on NK cells and T cells of MM patients and investigated the impact of soluble versus membrane-bound NKG2D ligands on the expression of NKG2D. DESIGN NKG2D expression on NK cells and CD8+ alphabeta T cells from patients with MM or monoclonal gammopathy of uncertain significance and healthy controls was examined flow-cytometrically. Sera from patients and controls were analysed for soluble NKG2D ligands (sNKG2D ligands). RESULTS Significantly fewer NK cells and CD8+ alphabeta T cells from patients expressed NKG2D compared to healthy controls (NK cells: median 54% interquartile range (IQR) 32-68 versus 71% IQR 44-82%, P = 0.017, CD8+ alphabeta T cells: median 63% IQR 52-81 versus 77% IQR 71-90%, P = 0.018). The sNKG2D ligand sMICA was increased in patients [median 175 (IQR 87-295) pg/ml] versus controls [median 80 (IQR 32-129) pg/ml, P < 0.001], but levels of sMICA did not correlate with NKG2D expression on effector cells. To elucidate the mechanism of NKG2D down-regulation, we incubated lymphocytes from healthy donors in the presence of sNKG2D ligands or in co-culture with MM cell lines. sNKG2D ligands in clinically relevant concentrations did not down-regulate NKG2D expression, but co-culture of effector cells with myeloma cells with high surface expression of NKG2D ligands reduced NKG2D expression significantly. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that MM is associated with a significant reduction in NKG2D expression which may be contact-mediated rather than caused by soluble NKG2D ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie von Lilienfeld-Toal
- Transplant Immunology Group, Level 3, St. James's Institute of Oncology, Bexley Wing, St James's University Hospital, Leeds, LS9 7TF, UK.
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McGilvray RW, Eagle RA, Watson NFS, Al-Attar A, Ball G, Jafferji I, Trowsdale J, Durrant LG. NKG2D ligand expression in human colorectal cancer reveals associations with prognosis and evidence for immunoediting. Clin Cancer Res 2009; 15:6993-7002. [PMID: 19861434 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-09-0991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE NKG2D (natural killer group 2, member D) binds to cellular ligands of the MIC and ULBP/RAET family. These ligands have restricted expression in normal tissue, but are frequently expressed on primary tumors. The role of NKG2D ligands is thought to be important in carcinogenesis but its prognostic effect has not been investigated in such a large cohort. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN In our study, 462 primary colorectal tumors were screened for the expression of all MIC/ULBP/RAET proteins and NK cell infiltration. Tumor microarray technology was used for the purpose of this investigation. RESULTS NKG2D ligands were expressed by the majority of colorectal tumors; however, the level of expression varied considerably. High expression of MIC (68 versus 56 months) or RAET1G (74 versus 62 months) showed improved patient survival. Tumors expressing high levels of MIC and RAET1G showed improved survival of 77 months over tumors that expressed high levels of one ligand or low levels of both. High-level expression of all ligands was frequent in tumor-node-metastasis stage I tumors, but became progressively less frequent in stages II, III, and IV tumors. Expression of MIC was correlated with NK cellular infiltration. CONCLUSION The observations presented are consistent with an immunoediting mechanism that selects tumor cells that have lost or reduced their expression of NKG2D ligands. The combination of MIC and tumor-node-metastasis stage was found to be the strongest predictor of survival, splitting patients into eight groups and suggesting prognostic value in clinical assessment. Of particular interest were stage I patients with low expression of MIC who had a similar survival to stage III patients, and may be candidates for adjuvant therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger W McGilvray
- Academic Division of Clinical Oncology, University of Nottingham, City Hospital Campus, Section of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Queen's Medical Centre, John Van Geest Research Centre, Nottingham Trent University, Clifton Campus, Nottingham, United Kingdom
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Sørensen RB, Junker N, Kirkin A, Voigt H, Svane IM, Becker JC, thor Straten P, Andersen MH. The immunodominant HLA-A2-restricted MART-1 epitope is not presented on the surface of many melanoma cell lines. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2009; 58:665-75. [PMID: 18828018 PMCID: PMC11030848 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-008-0588-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2008] [Accepted: 08/30/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Among the relatively large number of known tumor-associated antigens (TAA) which are recognized by human CD8 T-cells, Melan-A/MART-1 is one of the most-if not the most-frequently used target for anti-cancer vaccines in HLA-A2 + melanoma patients. In this study, we analyzed the killing of a large panel of melanoma cells by a high avidity, MART-1-specific T-cell clone or a MART-1-specific, polyclonal T-cell culture. Strikingly, we observed that the MART-1-specific T-cells only killed around half of the analyzed melanoma cell lines. In contrast a Bcl-2-specific T-cell clone killed all melanoma cell lines, although the T-cell avidity of this clone was significantly lower. The MART-1-specific T-cell clone expressed NKG-2D and was fully capable of releasing both perforin and Granzyme B. Notably, the resistance to killing by the MART-1-specific T-cells could be overcome by pulsing of the melanoma cells with the MART-1 epitope. Thus, the very frequently used MART-1 epitope was not expressed on the surface of many melanoma cell lines. Our data emphasize that the selected tumor antigens and/or epitopes are critical for the outcome of anti-cancer immunotherapy.
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MESH Headings
- Antigens, Neoplasm/analysis
- Antigens, Neoplasm/immunology
- Antigens, Surface/analysis
- Antigens, Surface/immunology
- Cell Line, Tumor/chemistry
- Cell Line, Tumor/immunology
- Cytotoxicity Tests, Immunologic
- Cytotoxicity, Immunologic
- Epitopes/analysis
- Epitopes/immunology
- Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte/analysis
- Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte/immunology
- Granzymes/biosynthesis
- Granzymes/immunology
- HLA-A2 Antigen/immunology
- Humans
- Immunodominant Epitopes/analysis
- Immunodominant Epitopes/immunology
- Interferon-gamma/metabolism
- Melanoma/chemistry
- Melanoma/immunology
- NK Cell Lectin-Like Receptor Subfamily K/biosynthesis
- NK Cell Lectin-Like Receptor Subfamily K/immunology
- Neoplasm Proteins/analysis
- Neoplasm Proteins/immunology
- Perforin
- Pore Forming Cytotoxic Proteins/biosynthesis
- Pore Forming Cytotoxic Proteins/immunology
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Rikke Bæk Sørensen
- Department of Hematology, Center for Cancer Immune Therapy (CCIT), Herlev University Hospital, 2730 Herlev, Denmark
| | - Niels Junker
- Department of Hematology, Center for Cancer Immune Therapy (CCIT), Herlev University Hospital, 2730 Herlev, Denmark
| | - Alexei Kirkin
- Department of Hematology, Center for Cancer Immune Therapy (CCIT), Herlev University Hospital, 2730 Herlev, Denmark
| | - Heike Voigt
- Department of Dermatology, University of Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Inge Marie Svane
- Department of Hematology, Center for Cancer Immune Therapy (CCIT), Herlev University Hospital, 2730 Herlev, Denmark
| | - Jürgen C. Becker
- Department of Dermatology, University of Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Per thor Straten
- Department of Hematology, Center for Cancer Immune Therapy (CCIT), Herlev University Hospital, 2730 Herlev, Denmark
| | - Mads Hald Andersen
- Department of Hematology, Center for Cancer Immune Therapy (CCIT), Herlev University Hospital, 2730 Herlev, Denmark
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Xu XQ, Chen XM, Zhang C, You L, Zhao CS, Wang JF, Zhang JH. [Cloning of human NKG2D gene and its expression in CHO cells]. Xi Bao Yu Fen Zi Mian Yi Xue Za Zhi 2006; 22:447-9. [PMID: 16806005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
AIM To construct a recombinant eukaryotic expression vector of human NK cell receptor NKG2D, and express the recombinant human NKG2D in CHO cells. METHODS A NKG2D gene fragment, with a length of about 650 bp, was amplified from the NK-92 cell line by RT-PCR and was cloned to plasmid pGEM-T Easy. Then the cloned DNA fragment was sequenced. The recombinant plasmid pGEM-T Easy/NKG2D was digested with EcoR I and BamH I, and then NKG2D fragment was isolated and inserted into the corresponding restriction site on eukaryotic expression vector pEGFP-N1. The Lipofectin was used to transfect the recombinant eukaryotic expression plasmid in CHO cells. The expression level of NKG2D gene in transfected CHO cells was detected by fluorescence microscope, RT-PCR, Western blot and immunohistochemical staining. RESULTS The length of cDNA fragment amplified by RT-PCR was consistent with that of NKG2D. DNA sequencing of pGEM-T Easy/NKG2D revealed that the cloned DNA sequence was identical to that of reported NKG2D. Green fluorescence was seen in transfected CHO cells by fluorescence microscope. Human NKG2D mRNA was highly expressed in transfected CHO cells. Western blot and Immunohistochemical staining detection showed that NKG2D was expressed in transfected cells. CONCLUSION A recombinant eukaryotic expression vector of human NKG2D can be constructed and it can be expressed successfully in CHO cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-qun Xu
- Institute of Basic Medicine, Shandong Academy of Medical Science, Jinan 250062, China
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